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BALTIMORE (WJZ) — British comedian John Oliver went after Mayor Catherine Pugh over the controversy around her self-published "Healthy Holly" books.
The segment was inspired by a scandal that comes amid several investigations into her business deals, from a variety of places- including the state prosecutor's office, the City's Board of Ethics, the City's law department, the state insurance commissioner and an internal audit from the UMMS.
Pugh announced last Monday that she would be taking a leave of absence to recover from pneumonia that left her hospitalized for five days.
Oliver joined many city officials in also calling for her resignation, and slammed her "Healthy Holly" dealings with great humor.
On "Last Week Tonight" Oliver recapped the scandal and then poked fun at the books themselves, finding errors within the books, including misspelling "vegetable" as "vegetale".
You can watch the full segment in the video above.
get 'em while they're hot. they'll be a collector's item one day.
The dark shadow of gloom and democratic corruption cast by Pugh over Baltimore reaches along way! She has zero integrity left.


text:
News / Nanophotonic Material Remains Stable in Hot Spots
Nanophotonic Material Remains Stable in Hot Spots
An artist's rendering shows the material reflecting infrared light while letting other wavelengths pass through. [Image: A. Lenert, University of Michigan]
Nanophotonic structures could play important roles in electricity production and thermal conversion, if only they didn't break down under the combination of high temperature and oxygen.
Now, researchers at two US universities have devised a nanophotonic heterostructure that remains stable in air up to 1100 °C (Nat. Nanotechnol., doi: 10.1038/s41565-022-01205-1). The material, made of alternating layers of two refractory minerals that do not melt and mix together at high temperatures, uses destructive interference to reflect infrared radiation while transmitting shorter-wavelength light. Computational modeling suggests that additional pairs of cubic-structured oxides could work in similar layered photonic structures.
Previous choices
Before the recent work, engineers working on selective thermal emitters had to choose between high-temperature, air-stable materials such as eutectic ceramics and ytterbium(III) oxide foams, which have limited spectral control, and existing nanophotonic materials such as plasmonic resonators and photonic crystals, which offer spectral tunability but fail at high air temperatures as material interfaces blur and crystalline structures fall apart.
The team, led by University of Michigan engineering professors Andrej Lenert and John T. Heron, first developed conceptual rules to predict how one-dimensional photonic crystals might resist degradation in high-temperature oxidizing environments. Graduate student team members from Michigan and the University of Virginia searched the Materials Project, an open-source database, for suitable candidates for a proof-of-concept experiment.
A stable structure
The group chose two materials: a perovskite with the chemical formula BaZr0.5Hf0.5O3 (BZHO) and magnesium oxide in its cubic crystal form. The researchers grew alternating layers of these two materials to form photonic crystals of varying thicknesses. After these photonic crystals were exposed to extreme heat in air, microscopic imaging showed no signs of intermixing of the two minerals, and the columns of atoms from layer to layer remained constant.
To test the design, the researchers used the heterostructures to filter thermal emission given off by two thermophotovoltaic materials heated as high as 1770 °C. The heterostructures acted as an efficient spectral filter.
The team's search algorithms predict that other types of immiscible refractory crystals might lend themselves to similar nanophotonic designs with performance criteria tailored to more specific applications, such as thermophotovoltaic devices and solar energy conversion.
Publish Date: 28 September 2022

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text:
Tristan Thompson Gives Khloe Kardashian a Diamond Ring and She's All Like, WTF, Dude?!?
by Hilton Hater at December 2, 2019 3:20 pm .
Tristan Thompson actually went there on Sunday night.
And, for once when it comes to this serial cheater, there is not a reference to the private parts of some random woman he met at a nightclub while his girlfriend was home and pregnant.
That's a convoluted way of saying the following:
The disgraced basketball player gifted his ex-girlfriend with a diamond ring on the latest episode of Keeping Up with the Kardashians.
The installment centered around Khloe's 35th birthday, an occasion for which her family, friends and loved ones gathered and celebrated.
How did Tristan fit into the celebration?
"Last night, when I get home, he was like, 'I wanna give you your birthday present,'" Khloe explained to Scott Disick.
"I go, 'I don't want a present from you.' He was like, 'Please?' So he gives me a card, and he goes, 'And I hope you accept this ring.'"
Scott's mouth fell to the floor in response to this story.
And then in response to the rock that Khloe had placed on her finger.
Thompson, of course, is the father of Khloe's daughter, True.
However, he cheated on her in early 2018 when she was expecting the couple's first and only child...
... and then he did so again earlier this year, swapping spit with family friend Jordyn Woods and giving Khloe no choice but to end their relationship once and for all.
"I was like, 'I really appreciate it. I don't think I can accept it,'" she said on air of the ring. "He's like, 'Just think about it. It's yours.' I go, 'Not everything needs to be bought.'"
Khloe went on to say that Tristan even included a long and heartfelt note with the expensive present.
"The card was literally something I've been waiting for forever," she said. "And it was like in his bad handwriting, which is what I wanted! Just something tangible, that I can keep."
In the end, despite her misgiving regarding the over-the-top gift, Khloe decided to keep the ring in an effort to "have a healthy, kind and, yes, a loving relationship" with Thompson.
Fair enough... we guess.
Later, though, Khloe also received a diamond necklace from her ex.
This prompted her to FaceTime Thompson.
"You weren't this nice to me when we were together, ever!" Khloe told Tristan on the call
She also thanked him when Thompson said on a subsequent call that he loved her.
We've been reporting for months now that Thompson still thinks he has a shot with Kardashian.
Khloe seems to know this, too.
"Tristan is really trying to show that he's sorry on a daily basis, whether that be a nice gift, a text," she said on the Sunday episode, adding:
"I do appreciate that because I know that he's trying. So I think we're slowly moving into the right direction of being friends as well as excellent co-parents."
So where do the two stand now?
After the episode aired, Khloe responded to a fan on Twitter who said they "wished Tristan never messed up!"
"Same babe. Same lol," Kardashian replied, concluding:
"But we are coparenting so well right now. It is a great space to be in. Coparenting is such a hard space. Much respect to all coparenters."
Kim Kardashian & Family: 19 Conspiracy Theories That May Actually Be True (Okay, Some of Them)
Tags: Khloe Kardashian, Tristan Thompson
Khloe Kardashian Biography
Khloe Kardashian is only famous for being the sister of Kim Kardashian. She stars, along with the rest of this stupidly-named family, on... More »
Khloe Kardashian Fans Stage Instagram Intervention: Please Stop Messing With Your Face!
Khloe Kardashian & Tristan Thompson: Are They FINALLY Engaged?!
Khloe Kardashian: Spotted! In Boston! With an Engagement Ring??
Khloe Kardashian Photos
Khloe Kardashian Quotes
I did wear fur and they wanted to educate me on the brutal ways in which animals are skinned for their pelts.
Permalink: I did wear fur and they wanted to educate me on the brutal ways ...
They released me early because I was a threat to the prison.. The whole prison was on lockdown. It was actually really scary.
Khloe Kardshian [on early prison release]
Permalink: They released me early because I was a threat to the prison.. T...
Khloe Kardashian Videos
Khloe Kardashian: New Face, Chin of the Week Alarm Internet
Tristan Thompson Showers Khloe Kardashian with Flowers: Forget About Larsa!
Khloe Kardashian: You Peasants Need to STFU About Kim's Awesome Birthday Party!
Dustin Diamond Confirms Cancer Diagnosis
Caryn Chandler: No Way is Amy Roloff Invited to My Wedding!
Alana Thompson: I Have a Boyfriend, Y'all!
Justin Duggar Enters Sketchy Business Deal With Jim Bob Ahead of Marriage to Claire Spivey
Kailyn Lowry Says She Isn't on Birth Control and Fans Are Just, Like, "WHAT?!?"
Meghan Markle: "Sick To Her Stomach" Over Awful Sister's Book, Source Says
Yup: Tristan Thompson Just Gave Khloe a Diamond Ring


All of my Poems are under Copyright. See WarrenLaw for details. All Poems ©Warren Woodhouse.
11th October 2018 By Warren Woodhouse.
What can I say about my disability. It makes rainy days sunny. Because if not for the sweet sound of a bee or the warmth of a hug, I'm proud to be me. Thanks mum for bringing me into this world. Thanks to my family for being proud of me.
I'm Warren, I have Autism. I'm proud of that.
6th October 2016 By Warren Woodhouse.
Recited by Pvt. Simmons in Chapter 1 of my book Man's Reach.
24th March 2014 By Warren Woodhouse.
7th February 2003 By Warren Woodhouse.


text:
A butilkaucsuk a műkaucsukok egyik fajtája. A poliizobutiléntől abban tér el, hogy izoprént is tartalmaz.

Kémiai szerkezet

A butilkaucsuk az izobutilén (2-metilpropén) és az izoprén (2-metil-1,3-butadién) kopolimerje (IIR: isobutylene-isoprene rubber). Az izopréntartalom 0,6…4,5 mól%, és csak arra kell, hogy a butilkaucsukot kénnel lehessen vulkanizálni. Az izoprén monomer véletlenszerűen helyezkedik el az izobutilén monomerek között.

Polimerizáció előtt az izoprénben az 1-2. és 3-4. szénatom közt van a kettős kötés, polimerizáció után pedig a 2-3. közt. Ezért a molekulaláncok nem ágaznak el, gélfrakciót nem képeznek.

Tulajdonságai
Az előállított butilkaucsukok különbözhetnek a telítetlenség mértékében (a különböző izopréntartalom miatt), viszkozitásban (a molekulahossz miatt), az előtérhálósítás mértékében (a legtöbb márka egyáltalán nem előtérhálósított), az alkalmazott öregedésgátlóban.

A butilkaucsuk molekulatömege 400 000 körüli, ami a műkaucsukok között az átlagosnál kissé nagyobb. A molekulatömeg-eloszlás viszonylag széles.

A butilkaucsuk tulajdonságai kis telítetlenségéből és a negyedrendű szénatomok alkotta szénláncból fakadnak.

A sok metil-oldalcsoport miatt a makromolekulák mozgékonysága kisebb, a szerkezete zsúfoltabb, ezért nehezen diffundálnak keresztül rajta folyadékok, gázok. A levegő kb. hússzor olyan gyorsan hatol át a legnagyobb tömegben fogyasztott kaucsukokból (természetes kaucsuk, izoprénkaucsuk, butadiénkaucsuk, butadién-nitril kaucsuk) készült gumin, mint a butilkaucsuk alapú gumin. A kaucsukok közül ennél jobb légzáró képességgel csak a fluorkaucsuk és a poliszulfid kaucsuk rendelkezik, ebből is a fluorkaucsuk ára sokszorosa a butilkaucsukénak és technológiai tulajdonságai is sokkal rosszabbak.

Ez a tulajdonság az alapja annak, hogy a butilkaucsukból készült légzáró jól megtartja a levegőt, az infúziós palack a folyadékot, az élelmiszerek csomagolása az aromát.

Kettős kötés csak az izoprénből származik, vagyis a butilkaucsuk nagyon kevés kettős kötést tartalmaz. Mivel a polimer reakcióképes része általában a kettős kötés, a butilkaucsuk sokkal kevésbé vesz részt kémiai reakciókban, mint a legtöbb kaucsuk. Ezért jól ellenáll savaknak, lúgoknak, oxidálószereknek (kálium-permanganát, kálium-bikromát stb.), öregedésnek (hő, oxigén, ózon, fáradás). Jól bírja az időjárás viszontagságait.

A butilkaucsuk ózonállósága a telítetlenség csökkenésével nő.

A kettős kötések kis koncentrációja miatt a kénes vulkanizáció nagyon lassú. Ezért a vulkanizáláshoz ultragyorsítókat használnak (tiurámok, tiokarbamátok) és a többi kaucsuknál szokásoshoz képest magasabb hőmérsékletet, mivel jól bírja a hőt.

Vegyünk egy tipikus, 2% izoprén-monomert tartalmazó butilkaucsukot. Ha ez telítetlen (minden monomerben egy kettős kötést tartalmazó) kaucsukkal szennyeződik (ilyen a felhasznált kaucsukok zöme), akkor az a másik kaucsuk elvonja a "vulkanizációt" a butilkaucsuktól. (Ugyanígy akadályozza a kénes vulkanizációt, ha a gumikeverék telítetlen lágyítót, savat, gyantát stb. tartalmaz.) Ha csak 2% telítetlen kaucsukot is tartalmaz az elméletileg butilkaucsukos gumikeverék, akkor is megfeleződik a vulkanizációban részt vevő kén a butilkaucsuk és a másik kaucsuk között, és így a butilkaucsuk félig nyers marad, a gumi rugalmas tulajdonságai alig jelennek meg. Ezért a gumigyárakban általában külön kezelik a butilkaucsuk alapú keverékeket: külön tárolóeszközökön, szerszámokkal, gépekkel stb., amelyeket nem használnak más kaucsukokból készült keverékekhez.

Ebből az is következik, hogy igen nehéz olyan gumikeveréket vulkanizálni, amely butilkaucsukot is és valamely más kaucsukot is tartalmaz. A kevés kivétel közé tartozik például a kloroprénkaucsuk, a klórszulfonált polietilén és az etilén-propilén kaucsuk (ez utóbbinak a butilkaucsukéhoz hasonló a telítetlensége).

A kénes vulkanizáció jellemzője a nagy reverzió, amely főleg a szakítószilárdság rövid platójában nyilvánul meg. Ennek az az oka, hogy huzamosabb hőhatásra a kialakuló kénhidak hidrogéneződnek és két SnH-csoportra szakadnak szét, és a térháló sűrűsége csökken.

A butilkaucsuk vulkanizálható kén helyett más módszerekkel is, melyek nem az izoprén kettős kötésén alapulnak: térhálósító gyantákkal, fém-kloridokkal, peroxidokkal és oxidáló hatású szerves vegyületekkel, pl. kinon-dioximokkal. Ezekkel a módszerekkel javul a butilkaucsuk alapú gumi hőállósága is.

A butilkaucsuk (nyugalomban) igen lassan kristályosodik, de a kristályosodás sebessége ugrásszerűen megnő nyújtás hatására. A nyújtáskor bekövetkező kristályosodás hőtermelő folyamat.

A makromolekulák kis mozgékonysága és a láncelágazások hiánya miatt a butilkaucsuk viszkozitása hidegen sem nagy, a viszkozitás (a többi kaucsukhoz képest) kevéssé függ a hőmérséklettől. A butilkaucsukból készült félkésztermékek alaktartósága gyenge. Ennek javítására 175…230 °C-ra is felmelegítik keverés közben vagy 160 °C-os melegítőkamrában előmelegítik félórán keresztül.

A mechanikai tulajdonságok javításához szükséges a magas hőmérséklet alkalmazása kimelegítéskor, keveréskor, vulkanizáláskor (150-200 °C). Ha ez elmarad, a szakítószilárdság jóval gyengébb.

Aktív töltőanyagokkal a szakítószilárdság nem javítható lényegesen (úgyis kristályosodik, elég annak a hatása), de a továbbszakítószilárdság és a kopásállóság igen.

A kis mozgékonyság következménye az, hogy a butilkaucsukból készült gumik kevéssé rugalmasak. Visszapattanási rugalmasság: 10%, nagy hiszterézis, nyújtás után nagy a maradó deformáció. Jól elnyelik a deformáció energiáját, rezgések csillapítására jól használhatók.

A kis mozgékonyság következménye az is, hogy a butilkaucsuk alacsony hőmérsékleten is lassan kristályosodik, ezért a vulkanizátumok alacsony hőmérsékleten is viszonylag jól megőrzik rugalmasságukat.

A butilkaucsuk nem oldódik poláros oldószerekben (például: alkoholban, acetonban); jól oldódik aromás és nyílt szénláncú szénhidrogénekben.

Előállítása
Az izobutén előállítására általában kőolajat használnak, de vannak próbálkozások arra, hogy biomasszából előállított izobutanol – a biodízel alapanyaga – dehitratálálásával nyerjenek izobutént. A ma legelterjedtebb eljárás szerint az izoprént és az izobutént metil-kloridban oldják, és -95 °C körül folyik a kationos polimerizáció (a kationos polimerizáció elég ritka a polimergyártásban), de vannak próbálkozások arra, hogy -75 °C körül játszódjon le a polimerizáció. Katalizátorként általában Friedel–Crafts-katalizátorokat (Lewis-savakat, pl. AlCl3, BF3 stb.) alkalmaznak, melyeket egy csepp vízzel vagy HCl-dal aktiválnak. A reakció erősen exoterm; a hőt forrásban levő etilénnel vezetik el.

Felhasználása
A butilkaucsuk felhasználása többnyire a következő tulajdonságokon alapul:
 kis permeabilitás
 jó hőállóság
 jó öregedésállóság

A butilkaucsuk felhasználása gumitermékek szerint:
 86% 	gumiabroncs légzárója vagy tömlője; vulkanizálóbalg abroncsgyártáshoz
 5%	gyógyászati eszközök, főleg dugók-gumikupakok
 3%	ragasztók
 1%	rágógumi és az élelmiszeriparban használt gumicikkek
 1%	műszaki gumicikkek autóhoz
 4%	egyéb (pl. vízszigetelés épületekhez, csatornák és tavak fenekére stb.; vízzáró bevonatok, kábelek, rezgéscsillapítók, tömítések, fémtartályok bélelése)

Halogénezett butilkaucsukok
A halogénezett butilkaucsuk tulajdonságai hasonlók a butilkaucsukokéihoz. Kicsit jobb a feldolgozhatósága, gyorsabb a vulkanizáció. Mivel butilkaucsuk tovább-feldolgozásával készül, ezért drágább.

Előállítás
Inert oldószerben, pl. hexánban oldanak butilkaucsukot. (Ez azt jelenti, hogy a butilkaucsuk gyártásából alig hagyható el részfolyamat: legföljebb csak a szárítás, kaucsukszemcsék összenyomása bálává stb.) A reaktorba (40-65 °C) erős keverés mellett klórgázt vagy folyékony brómot adagolnak. Ezek szubsztitúciós reakcióba lépnek az izoprén kettős kötésével:

Elsősorban az 1. számú reakció játszódik le.

Addíció ritkán játszódik le. Két halogénatomot ritkán tartalmaz egy izoprén-részlet.

Így klórbutilkaucsuk (CIIR) illetve brómbutilkaucsuk (BIIR) keletkezik, mely 1,1…1,3 tömeg% klórt illetve 1,8…2,4% brómot tartalmaz. A keletkező hidrogén-halogenidet nátrium-hidroxid oldattal semlegesítik.

A klórozás 15 másodperc alatt lezajlik, a brómozás ötször ennyi idő alatt.

Tulajdonságok
Az allilhelyzetű halogénatom (közvetlenül a kettős kötésben részt vevő szénatom melletti telített szénatomhoz kapcsolódó halogénatom, mint az előbbi ábrán a Hal atom) jelentősen növeli a butilkaucsuk reakciókészségét. A halobutilkaucsukok közönséges hőmérsékleten, közönséges gyorsítókkal együttvulkanizálhatók általános rendeltetésű telítetlen kaucsukokkal is.

A brómbutilkaucsuk vulkanizálásakor az indukciós szakasz hosszabb (kevésbé beégésveszélyes), mint a klórbutilkaucsuk esetében, a főszakasz (2. szakasz) viszont meredekebb. A brómbutilkaucsuk alapú keverék jobban tapad az általános rendeltetésű kaucsukokból készült keverékekhez, mint a klórbutilkaucsuk alapú.

A vulkanizálásához nem szükséges olyan erős gyorsító, mint a butilkaucsukok esetében. Cink-oxiddal is vulkanizálható (mint a kloroprénkaucsuk). Ilyenkor hőálló C-C kötések keletkeznek, és cink-halogenid hasad le. A hidrogén-klorid leszakadását kalcium-sztearáttal, a hidrogén-bromid leszakadását epoxidált szójaolajjal akadályozzák meg.

Halobutilkaucsukokból kopásállóbb gumi készíthető, mint butilkaucsukokból.

A halobutilkaucsukból készített ragasztók jobbak.

A butilkaucsuk és a halobutilkaucsukok gyártása, gyártói, piaca
Butilkaucsuk előállításával 1870-ben kezdtek kísérletezni, de nagyüzemi méretekben 1937-ben kezdték el gyártani, az USA-ban. A halobutilkaucsukokat 1961-ben kezdték el gyártani.

A Földön jelenleg hat gyártó gyárt butilkaucsukot:
 ExxonMobil Chemical (USA)
 Lanxess (Németország, Leverkusen) (Elődök: Polysar, Bayer)
 Japan Butyl Company
 Sinopec Beijing Yanhua Petrochemical Company (Kína)
 Nyizsnyekamszknyeftyehim (Oroszország, Nyizsnyekamszk)
 Togliattikaucsuk (Oroszország, Togliatti)
Butilkaucsuk gyártókapacitás 1997-ben:

Butilkaucsuk gyártókapacitás 2009-ben:

A világon gyártott butilkaucsuk 50%-át az ExxonMobil adja.

A második legnagyobb gyártó a Lanxess. Két gyárban gyárt butil- vagy halobutilkaucsukot: (más termékek mellett).

A Lanxess szerint évente 3,1%-kal nő a világ butilkaucsuk szükséglete, ezen belül Kínáé 6,3%-kal. Más források szerint 2002 és 2007 között évente 26%-kal, azaz 2007-ben 50 ezer tonnával nőtt Kínában a butilkaucsukfelhasználás. De még ehhez képest is túlságosan gyorsan nő a következő években a butilkaucsukgyártás: a meglevő gyárak folyamatosan növelik gyártókapacitásukat, és már most 8 butilkaucsukgyár építése van folyamatban csak Kínában, összesen mintegy 680 ezer tonna tervezett kapacitással, Indiában a Szibur (a Togliattikaucsuk tulajdonosa) és a Reliance Industries épít butilkaucsukgyárat. 2013-ban pedig elkezd termelni Szingapúrban a legnagyobb ázsiai butilkaucsukgyár.). Az Exxon Szaúd-Arábiában épít új gyárat.

Az IRSG szerint évente 5%-kal nő a butilkaucsuk felhasználás, és 2011-re 1235 ezer tonna lesz.

A Lanxess a kaucsukon kívül sok más gumialapanyagot és a gumihoz nem kötődő vegyi anyagot is gyárt. Az Exxon mindenfélét gyárt, amit kőolajból lehet gyártani. A kínai gyártó a butilkaucsukon kívül gyárt még néhány más polimert és monomert is (etilén, polisztirol stb.). A Togliattikaucsuk fő terméke a 4-5 fajta műkaucsuk. Ezenkívül gyártanak más monomereket, benzinadalékokat és más vegyi anyagokat. A Nyizsnyekamszknyefthehim fő terméke is a 4-5 fajta műkaucsuk és ezek monomerjei. Ezenkívül gyárt még más polimereket és monomereket, olefineket, olefin-oxidokat, felületaktív anyagokat és más vegyi anyagokat.

Bár a klórbutilkaucsuk 20-25%-kal, a brómbutilkaucsuk 25-30%-kal drágább, mint a "sima" (nem halogénezett) butilkaucsuk, a halobutilkaucsukok részesedése a butilkaucsuk-piacon egyre nagyobb. A Lanxess szerint 2007-ben kb. 930 ezer tonna volt a világ butil- és halobutilkaucsukgyártó kapacitása összesen, és kb. 850 ezer tonna volt az éves felhasználás. Ebből kb. 300 ezer tonna a nem halogénezett butilkaucsuk piaca, és ez 2020-ig már nem fog változni. A halobutilkaucsuk-fogyasztás 2007-ben kb. 550 ezer tonna volt, és egyenletesen nő 2020-ig, amikor is eléri a kb. 980 ezer tonnát.

Kaucsukmárkák

Nyizsnyekamszknyeftyehim és Togliattikaucsuk

A (nem halogénezett) butilkaucsukok márkaneve négy részből áll.
 BK: butilkaucsuk
 Két számjegy a mólszázalékban kifejezett telítetlenség tízszeresét mutatja
 Két számjegy a 100 °C-on mért Mooney viszkozitást jelenti
 A végén álló betű a felhasználási területet jelöli. Régebben itt egy olyan betű állt, amely azt mutatta, hogy színező vagy nemszínező öregedésgátló van benne.

Példa.

BK-1675M: (nem halogénezett) butilkaucsuk, telítetlenség: 1,6%, Mooney-viszkozitás 100 °C-on: 75, felhasználási terület: gyógyászat

A halogénezett butilkaucsukok márkaneve a következő részekből áll.
 HBK: klórbutilkaucsuk, BBK: brómbutilkaucsuk
 Egy számjegy a tömegszázalékban kifejezett halogéntartalmat mutatja
 Két számjegy a 125 °C-on mért Mooney-viszkozitást jelenti

Példa.

BBK-239: brómbutilkaucsuk, brómtartalom: 2 tömeg%, Mooney-viszkozitás 125 °C-on: 39

ExxonMobil Chemical

Lanxess

Új technológiák
Bár 2000 és 2010 között új butilkaucsukgyártók jelentek meg a piacon és továbbiak készülődnek megjelenni, az "öreg" óriáscégektől (főleg az Exxontól, kevésbé a Lanxesstől) nem lesz könnyű elhódítani a piacot. A butilkaucsukgyártás sok buktatóval jár, melyeken az új gyártóknak is (nagyrészt) át kell vergődniük. A nagyok technológiai fölényüket arra (is) használják, hogy új, nyereségesebb technológiákkal jelennek meg (pl. -95 °C helyett elkezdték -75 °C-on előállítani a butilkaucsukot, új termékeket fejlesztenek ki (pl. az Exxon DVA gyantái; a butilkaucsuk mellett poliamid felhasználásával készült személyabroncs légzárók; parametil-sztirol monomer; elágazó láncú butilkaucsuk stb.).

Poliizobutilén
A poliizobutilén felfogható az izoprénkaucsuk határesetének is, amelynek a telítetlensége 0. Mivel izoprén-monomerek nem zavarják a hosszú molekulaláncot, a makromolekulák rendezettebben helyezkednek el. Ezért a poliizobutilén elasztomertulajdonságai kevésbé kifejezettek, mint a butilkaucsukéi, a termoplasztikus elasztomerekkel is mutatnak rokonságot.

A poliizobutilén telítettsége miatt öregedésnek jobban ellenáll, mint a butilkaucsuk, jól bírja az időjárás viszontagságait, ezért használják védőbevonatokban, festékekben. Kis molekulatömegű (4000 körül) poliizobutiléneket használnak üzemanyag adalékként.

Jegyzetek

Források
 Gumiipari kézikönyv I-II. Főszerkesztő: dr. Bartha Zoltán. Budapest, Taurus-OMIKK, 1988-1989.
 Кошелев Ф.Ф., Корнев А.Е., Буканов А.М. Общая технология резины. Химия, М.: 1978. (Koselev-Kornyev-Bukanov: Obscsaja tyehnologija rezini – A gumigyártás általános technológiája. Himija, Moszkva, 1978.)
 Szalontay Vilmosné: Butilkaucsukok általános jellemzése és vizsgálata. Budapest, OGV Gumiipari Kutató Intézete és a NIM Műszaki Dokumentációs és Fordító Iroda kiadványa. 1964

Kapcsolódó szócikkek
 Alkének
 Kaucsuk

További információk
 Butyl rubber
 A német wikipédia a Lanxessről - A Lanxess honlapja
 Az orosz wikipédia a Togliattikaucsukról - A Togliattikaucsuk honlapja
 Az orosz wikipédia a Nyizsnyekamszknyeftyehimről - A Nyizsnyekamszknyeftyehim honlapja

Anyagkeverékek
Polimerek

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
JAAA boss reveals young sprinter Grant to miss National Champs
JAAA president Dr Warren Blake. (jamaica-gleaner.com file photo)
Voice of JAAA president Dr Warren Blake
JAAA president Dr Warren Blake has confirmed that outstanding national junior sprinter Kiara Grant is one of the major absentees from this week's JAAA Supreme Ventures National Senior and Junior Championships. Grant who briefly held the national junior 100 metre record at 11.04 seconds, would have been a top contender in the junior section and may have even been eyeing the senior trials according to Dr Blake.
"The only surprise is that Kiara Grant did not enter for the 100m women. When she was contacted she said she had her mind set on the World Championships in Doha but because of college commitments, she would not be able to get the time off from college, so she opted not to come," said Dr Blake. Grant, a former Convent of Mercy Alpha Academy student, is now a sophomore at Norfolk State University in Virginia.


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text:
All-SEC honors for Dru Smith and Jeremiah Tilmon
March 9, 2021 By Tim Fisher
Mizzou guard Dru Smith (12).
Mizzou Tigers vs. Florida Gators at Exactech Arena in Gainesville, FL. on Wednesday, March 3, 2021.
Zach Bland/Mizzou Athletics
Mizzou Men's Basketball redshirt senior Dru Smith and senior Jeremiah Tilmon, Jr., earned All-SEC recognition from the league's coaches, as announced Tuesday by the Southeastern Conference office. Smith was named first-team All-SEC and to the league's All-Defensive team, and Tilmon, Jr. was named second-team All-SEC.
Smith and Tilmon, Jr., mark the first pair of Tigers to earn All-SEC honors in the same season since Jabari Brown and Jordan Clarkson in 2014. Smith is the first Tiger to claim a spot on a league All-Defensive Team since Mizzou joined the Southeastern Conference and the first since 2012 when Michael Dixon did so in the Big 12.
Smith becomes Mizzou's first All-SEC first-team selection since Kassius Robertson in 2018 and the Tigers' fourth since joining the league (Phil Pressey – 2013, Brown – 2014, Robertson – 2018). He led the SEC in steals for a second consecutive campaign with 2.1 thefts per game in league play. Additionally, he ranked third in assists (4.2 APG), 13th in scoring (14.8 PPG), fourth in free throw percentage (.839) and third in assist-to-turnover ratio.
Smith was a three-time SEC Player of the Week during the regular season, the only player in the conference to nab the honor three times. He's averaging 14.1 points, 3.4 boards, 3.9 assists and 2.0 steals, one of just seven players nationally hitting all those marks this season. He scored in double figures 18 times in 23 games, leading Mizzou in scoring, assists and steals. Smith did all that while being tasked with guarding the opposing team's best player night in and night out.
Tilmon, Jr., earned his first career SEC postseason honor after averaging 12.5 points, 7.4 rebounds and 1.4 blocks as a senior. The dominant big man shot a blistering 63.5 percent from the field, the 17th highest single-season field goal percentage in Southeastern Conference history. The 63.5 percent clip also matches the sixth-highest single-season field goal percentage in Mizzou history and the highest since Alex Oriakhi's 63.9 percent clip in 2012-13.
Tilmon, Jr., finished the campaign ranking fourth in the SEC in rebounds, third in offensive boards and seventh in blocks. He led the league in double-doubles with seven. Tilmon, Jr., enters the postseason needing 14 points to become the 47th member of Mizzou's 1,000-point club and the sixth Tiger in program history with 1,000 points, 500 rebounds and 100 blocks (Arthur Johnson, Laurence Bowers, Steve Stipanovich, Doug Smith and Jevon Crudup).
Smith, Tilmon, Jr., and Mizzou launch the postseason with the SEC Tournament this week in Nashville at Bridgestone Arena. No. 7-seed Mizzou will face 10-seed Georgia on Thursday at 6 p.m. CT on the SEC Network.
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Discussion in 'iOS 10' started by purvs, Sep 13, 2016.
After updating to iOS 10, I notice too many zoom effects when apps are launched and closed. I prefer the more subtle feel of iOS 9. Is there a way to turn of the zoom animation effect? Thanks!
The only thing you can really do is turn off most of animation/movement/zoom gestures by enabling the "Reduce Motion" option in accessibility settings.
It does zoom a bit too much for my liking. I liked the old zooming features a bit more...definitely more subtle.
I love it Also, the animation can now be interrupted. In previous versions, you could only close an app after it was fully loaded.
Then you cannot use certain features in messages anymore, e.g. invisible ink or balloons etc.
Right. Those are the choices basically.
yes, I've decided i can do without those, i can't stand the zoom effect. Hopefully apple will resolve this where you don't have to choose. thanks everyone!


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text:
UK: Fire-and-rehire threat to hundreds of jobs at Wabtec rail … – WSWS
Wabtec, a rail engineering firm, plans 80 job losses at its two UK sites in Doncaster and Birkenhead. All 150 staff are threatened with fire and rehire, where they will be sacked if they don't re-apply for their own jobs on inferior terms and conditions.
Wabtec Rail Ltd has used the pandemic as a pretext for attacks on its workforce it had attempted to implement for years. In July 2020, during the first wave of COVID-19, their rail refurbishment factory announced plans for up to 450 redundancies, following a 45-day consultation period. The remainder of the workforce was to be fired and forced to take new, inferior contracts.
The firm is part of Wabtec Corporation, a major US conglomerate, based in Pittsburgh, that employs 27,000 people in 50 countries and has an annual turnover of £6 billion, supplying components and services to the rail industry. It is listed on the Standard and Poor's 500 index of large companies on the New York Stock Exchange.
The transnational expanded into the UK in 2011, running a rail refurbishment works in Doncaster and another plant in Birkenhead, Merseyside. Doncaster has an industrial heritage spanning generations, with the famous Flying Scotsman and Mallard locomotives being built there in the 1920s and 1930s. The skilled jobs threatened include factory operatives, assembly fitters, engineers, and supervisors.
Negotiations between Wabtec Corporation and the Rail, Maritime and Transport workers union (RMT) have been ongoing since March 2021 over redundancies, "flexible" contracts, and increased exploitation. The company claims the stepped up productivity measures are to create "modern working practices", motivated by the "challenging economic climate."
There is mounting opposition to these attacks, rolled out in the context of a pandemic that was routinely used by employers as a pretext for the imposition of wholesale attacks on wages and working conditions. Workers in heavy industry and engineering were forced, as "key workers", to continue to labour in unsafe, overcrowded factories while the super-rich increased their wealth.
RMT members at Wabtec voted by a large majority to reject a company offer in March, the second time the new flexible working conditions have been refused. The company's response was to insist on job losses and threaten to fire and rehire the workforce.
RMT General Secretary Mick Lynch said that Wabtec "has behaved disgracefully", meekly stressing that the union "is open to talks" but "will not rule out an industrial response."
The RMT has engaged in protracted negotiations with a company acting "disgracefully" and even now only warns of possible industrial action. They did not mobilise their members or raise a call for solidarity across the sector, and among other workers facing similar threats. The attack at Wabtec comes amid ongoing strikes and planned action on the railways, with hundreds of conductors engaged in weekend strikes on TransPennine Express trains over pay. The RMT is currently balloting its 40,000 members over national strike action.
The outcome of the union's prolonged talks with Wabtec is the imposition of fire-and-rehire. This is part of an international process of restructuring required by the corporate elite to extract from the working class the huge sums of bailout money doled out to corporations and financial institutions throughout the pandemic. The trade unions are an integral part of this process.
While the RMT has declared this an official dispute, with the lack of publicity given, and the union's refusal to respond to this reporter's queries, one must assume they are attempting to return to the negotiating table and assist the company in implementing its plans without calling for strike action.
In 2014, rail workers organised in the RMT balloted for the first time in the history of the firm's British operations, achieving a 90 percent vote to strike. The action was called off at the last minute by the union, who work hand-in-glove with management to keep a lid on potential industrial action. The RMT's political allies in the Labour Party made the token gesture of submitting an Early Date Motion in parliament, which was signed by just 11 members of parliament (MPs) and commits the party to nothing.
Wabtec is making similar attacks at Birkenhead, Merseyside, threatening to fire-and-rehire its 130 staff to impose productivity increases. The Unite union has threatened to organise a strike ballot if the company maintains its threats. The company denies that it plans to make mass redundancies.
This dispute is being artificially separated from that at Doncaster by Unite and the RMT. Unite General Secretary Sharon Graham stated, "Wabtec's management must understand that Unite has always fought back against 'fire and rehire' and we are fully prepared to do so again here." But the union has previously agreed to productivity increases at the site. Across the UK, it has allowed the imposition of fire and rehire by betraying several recent struggles, such as those at Go North West and Jacobs Douwe Egberts.
In March, P&O ferries carried out the mass sacking of 800 seafarers, represented by the RMT. Although such practices are legal, companies are only able to implement them with the complicity of the union bureaucracy.
The latest fire and rehire was carried out by a firm based in Hull, CDS Energy Services, who sacked 60 workers earlier this month. The company, located at the city's Saltend oil and gas terminal, immediately sought to rehire 30 of the sacked workers.
These issues affect rail workers across the globe. Engineers at the US division of Wabtec struck for nine days in March 2019, but the struggle was betrayed by the United Electrical union, which agreed wage and benefits cuts with the company, creating a two-tier workforce for new hires. The union also accepted the company's demand for further restrictions on the right to strike. For workers to fight back against the assault launched by the employers, they must take the leadership of the struggle into their own hands through the formation of rank-and-file committees.
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You must let go of what holds you back from living your greatest life so that you may fly. Detach yourself from the things and people that weigh you down and hold you back from living a life of greatness. Thoughts, feelings, actions, and people that are mediocre must be removed from your life, absorb what is beneficial, discard what is not, and add what is uniquely your own. Empty your mind and be free, forgive, forget, move on, let go, yesterday has been and gone, there is no benefit in dwelling on the past, it is a new day, so begin again.
The memories of the past hold many back, past failures, past defeats, past pains, past struggles, past adversity, and past disappointments. It does not matter what happened yesterday, if you knew better you would have done better, no one is born a genius, we have to figure things out by ourselves mainly, we can be guided by our elders and peers to follow a certain path but ultimately it is our actions that reveal to us the true path that we really want to take. Others can not walk the path for you, it is your journey.


text:
Meghan Markle And Prince Harry Create New Royal Foundation
(Photo by Niklas Halle'n-WPA Pool/Getty Images)
Lauryn Overhultz Columnist
Meghan Markle and Prince Harry have moved on with their usual charity work.
The royal duo registered their own foundation and called it "Sussex Royal The Foundation of the Duke and Duchess of Sussex," according to a report published Thursday by Page Six.
Exclusive: #Harry & #Meghan's new foundation will be called "Sussex Royal" (full title "Sussex Royal The Foundation of the D&D of Sussex). Its 4 directors are the Sussexes, PR guru Sara Latham & former Royal Foundation staffer Natalie Campbell, who will be the new director. pic.twitter.com/604czSjQEw
— Emily Andrews (@byEmilyAndrews) July 17, 2019
The Sun's royal correspondent Emily Andrews tweeted out the registration Wednesday.
"Its 4 directors are the Sussexes, PR guru Sara Latham & former Royal Foundation staffer Natalie Campbell, who will be the new director," she wrote in her tweet. (RELATED: Beyoncé, Jay-Z Reportedly Break Royal Protocol At 'Lion King' Premiere)
Kensington Palace confirmed that Markle and Prince Harry would be breaking off from the Royal Foundation last month.
This morning, The Duke and Duchess of Sussex's son, Archie Harrison Mountbatten-Windsor was christened in the Private Chapel at Windsor Castle at an intimate service officiated by the Archbishop of Canterbury, Justin Welby. The Duke and Duchess of Sussex are so happy to share the joy of this day with members of the public who have been incredibly supportive since the birth of their son. They thank you for your kindness in welcoming their first born and celebrating this special moment. Their Royal Highnesses feel fortunate to have enjoyed this day with family and the godparents of Archie. Their son, Archie, was baptised wearing the handmade replica of the royal christening gown which has been worn by royal infants for the last 11 years. The original Royal Christening Robe, made of fine Honiton lace lined with white satin, was commissioned by Queen Victoria in 1841 and first worn by her eldest daughter. It was subsequently worn for generations of Royal christenings, including The Queen, her children and her grandchildren until 2004, when The Queen commissioned this handmade replica, in order for the fragile historic outfit to be preserved, and for the tradition to continue. Photo credit: Chris Allerton ©SussexRoyal
A post shared by The Duke and Duchess of Sussex (@sussexroyal) on Jul 6, 2019 at 8:14am PDT
"Later this year the Royal Foundation will become the principal charitable and philanthropic vehicle for the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge," the palace said at the time. "The Duke and Duchess of Sussex will establish their own charitable foundation with transitional operating support from the Royal Foundation."
"In addition both couples will continue to work together on projects in the future," the statement continued.
The couple has managed to keep their lives separate from the royal family. Before giving birth to their son Archie, the royal couple moved out of Kensington Palace and into their own home. The creation of a new foundation is seemingly the next step in the couple's independence.
Tags : charity meghan markle prince harry
Lauryn Overhultz
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This has all the benefits of Onions as well as many other amazing ingredients.
It is Onion oil with Sandalwood and Rose Oil.
What is This? Smelling like Sandalwood and Roses, this Red Onion hair oil will take away your hair worries. Rich in Sulphur, potassium and anti oxidants, Onions can treat excessive hair fall and dandruff and accelerates new hair growth. This Amber Red colored hair oil contains an exotic mix of Onion extracts, Potent oils and herbs to treat scalp and nourish hair from roots to tip. Ensure a balanced diet for your hairs and scalp.
Considering the price tag, 200 ml is quite a sufficient amount of quantity and will last pretty long. Also, you can always get some amazing discounts on Amazon and Flipkart.
Secondly coming to the packaging, it comes in a pump dispenser which is always very convenient to use. It is more hygienic and gives you a better control on the product's quantity.
Now coming to the my main concern with the Onion juice/oil as I mentioned above. Since there are many other essential oils mixed with the Onion oil, this one doesn't smell bad at all. Fragrances like Sandalwood and Rose has covered the strong smell of Onions to a high extent. So, fragrance or odor is not an issue at all as I feared.
Regular usage of this oil will surely help you to have a more healthy and strong hairs. Since it has anti bacterial properties, it will help to fight any kind of infections on the scalp.This helps to reduce the problem of dandruff to a great extent, hence reducing the hair fall.
I leave it on my head for about 3-4 hours and then take a head bath. It will instantly smoothens out your hairs and make them feel more nourished and soft.
The texture is very comfortable and non sticky. It gets absorbed nicely in the scalp.Hairs does not become sticky or heavy after the wash.
It is also mentioned that it can help in the issue of premature graying of hairs due to the presence of naturally potent anti oxidants.
I am quite satisfied with Rey Naturals Onion Oil. If you are looking for something with the benefits of Onion, make sure to try this out.
Trying out some Munnar Teas!


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Employers Seek Arts and Letters Talent at "What's Next?" Week
"What's next?" That thought lurks in the back of every undergraduate mind as the years at Notre Dame fly by. To help College of Arts and Letters students explore the many and disparate ways they can answer that question, the Career Center will host its annual "What's Next?" Week from September 26-29.
The event, designed just for students in the College, provides information about internship, career, and service opportunities available both before and after graduation.
Regardless of major or area of study, says Rosemary Kopec, the Career Center's associate director for early career outreach, "there's something for everyone."
"What's Next?" Week kicks off on Monday, September 26, with a workshop on how to land a summer internship and capitalize on funding available for a broad range of summer experiences.
The next event, on Tuesday, September 27, features information about graduate school, including how to design a powerful graduate school application, what students can expect in post-graduate education, and the factors to consider when selecting which graduate school is the right choice.
The third event in the week is a post-graduate service fair on Wednesday, September 28. Hosted by the Center for Social Concerns, this event is open to all majors.
"What's Next?" Week concludes on Thursday, September 29, with a networking event to help students who are looking for internships or jobs. The Career Center has invited representatives from almost two dozen employers, Kopec says.
"We target companies that want to hire Arts and Letters students," she says, including businesses as such as Groupon, Google, Abercrombie & Fitch, Target, JP Morgan, Coca-Cola, Leo Burnett, E.&J. Gallo Winery, and the U.S. Department of Justice. "It's a great way to find out about companies that are Arts and Letters friendly."
As an example, she points to media communications company Starcom, which asked to be re-invited this year after seeing the talent at Notre Dame last fall. Epic, a Washington, D.C.-based research center, is another example, she says.
"They really like Arts and Letters students, and they've been hiring them in droves."
Employers say they value Notre Dame's liberal arts students for their versatility and excellent communication, analytical, and writing skills, Kopec says.
"And they keep coming back," she adds. "They keep calling us—which is really encouraging in this economic climate."
In addition to connecting students with potential employers, Kopec says one of her goals is to raise awareness about all the resources available to undergraduates. Starting in their first year, students are encouraged to explore not only the wide variety of majors the University offers but special opportunities such as study abroad, service projects, research grants, and internships.
"Being successful means coming in early and doing a self-assessment," Kopec says. "It means figuring out what you like or don't like, and mapping out your four years so you have a plan."
One of the key resources the University offers students is the Career Center itself. "Hopefully they will learn more about the Career Center," she says, "that we're here to help them if they're confused or need help writing a resume or cover letter."
In fact, Kopec recommends that students attending the 2011 "What's Next?" Week events update their resumes and research participating companies ahead of time. Students should also prepare a brief statement about their skills and how they could benefit a future employer, as well as a list of any questions they would like answered.
But most importantly, she says, students should reflect on their talents, values, and interests. "Figure out where you feel passionate."
Chances are, there will be an opportunity at "What's Next?" Week to pursue those passions.
Arts and Letters Alumni After Graduation
Arts and Letters Alumni Highlights
Categories: Centers and Institutes and General News


If you want to check out something cool and fun this weekend, you won't have to go far and can simply look up. As this Friday and Saturday is the Greater Lansing Balloon Festival at the Hope Sports Complex.
The balloons are returning and will be launched through out Friday and Saturday, weather permitting. The balloon launches will be happening at around 7am on both Friday and Saturday morning, with another set of launches scheduled for the evening of both days starting at 6:30PM. To check them out up close you have to head to the Hope Sports Complex (5801 North Aurelius Road in Lansing). But if you are in the area of South Lansing you will be able to see them all over the sky this weekend.
You can see more on the schedule of events as well as more on the Greater Lansing Balloon Festival here.


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Chevy Chase and Bill Murray Hunt For Marijuana
FIENDING
Chevy Chase recalls the time the two comedians went on a late-night journey for some weed in this exclusive clip from the documentary 'Drunk Stoned Brilliant Dead.'
Jen Yamato
Updated Apr. 13, 2017 6:28PM ET / Published Oct. 09, 2015 8:30AM ET
Mary Evans/Ronald Grant via Everett
Chevy Chase remembers the night Bill Murray banged on his door at 3 a.m. looking to score some weed.
It was the autumn of 1979, a year and change after the two comedy legends famously scrapped backstage at Saturday Night Live minutes before Chase went live from New York.
The day of their notorious backstage brawl, Chase had returned to the show he'd left for movie stardom, guest-hosting SNL amid rankled egos and high tensions.
"When you become famous, you've got a year or two where you act like an asshole," Murray said years later. "You can't help yourself. It happens to everybody. You've got, like, two years to pull it together—or it's permanent."
In the late 1970s and early '80s, Chase & Co. made their names as comedy's rising disruptors, bouncing between SNL and the subversive spin-off projects of National Lampoon Magazine. By the time Chase and Murray found themselves co-starring in Caddyshack, a golf comedy helmed by their buddy Harold Ramis, that beef had maybe, seemingly been squashed.
As he recounts in a deleted scene filmed for filmmaker Douglas Tirola's new National Lampoon documentary Drunk Stoned Brilliant Dead, Chase was awoken in the dead of night in his Florida hotel room by a Murray on a mission.
"I was sleeping and there was a banging on my door," he says. "I think it was Bill and maybe Brian Doyle-Murray… there were a couple of them. I don't mean a couple of Murrays necessarily, although there are like 11 of them, which is way more than we need…"
Someone was on the hunt for marijuana, and as Chevy Chase recalls in classic Chevy Chase fashion, they needed him—Caddyshack's "quote-unquote star"—to get the attention of the cast's resident dope man: Rodney Dangerfield.
Watch the exclusive video here:


Many people dream of attending a live UFC event in Las Vegas. The fights bring in many people from all over the country and flood the strip with UFC fans. However, if you can�t watch a fight live, going to a Vegas viewing party is the next best thing.... 11/08/2012�� Marathi actors and singers such as Mangesh Desai, Bhargavi Chirmule and Bela Shende arrived in Thane. This year, the Shiv Sena, whose leaders control several prominent handis, utilized the festival to mobilize its cadre.
Many Lives, Many Masters: The True Story of a Prominent Psychiatrist, His Young Patient, and the Past-Life Therapy That Changed Both Their Lives Paperback � Jul 15 1988. by Brian L. Weiss M.D. (Author) 4.4 out of 5 stars 192 customer reviews. See all 18 � cs lewis words to live by pdf Sony ????? is a premium entertainment channel in Marathi from Sony Pictures Networks India. The channel creates a unique space for itself in the Marathi general entertainment industry by showcasing the glory of being Marathi and not only integrating the cultural ethos of Maharashtra but also catalyzing cultural innovations.
A+ health tips in marathi| Official Site?
Sony ????? is a premium entertainment channel in Marathi from Sony Pictures Networks India. The channel creates a unique space for itself in the Marathi general entertainment industry by showcasing the glory of being Marathi and not only integrating the cultural ethos of Maharashtra but also catalyzing cultural innovations.
Many people dream of attending a live UFC event in Las Vegas. The fights bring in many people from all over the country and flood the strip with UFC fans. However, if you can�t watch a fight live, going to a Vegas viewing party is the next best thing.


At #AASL15 this weekend? Attend our TWO sessions on November 6th!
Will you be at our sessions? Give us a shoutout on twitter at @SpeakUpEd, @ProjectTomorrow, and @JulieEvans_PT! Be sure to include the #AASL15 hashtag in your tweets as well. See you there!
This entry was posted in Speak Up and tagged #AASL15, American Association of School Librarians, Elizabeth Cousins, Julie Evans, librarians, Victoria Jones on November 5, 2015 by Lisa Chu.


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Published on November 17th, 2017 | by Daniel Sherman Fernandez
Infiniti QX50's unique new variable-compression engine (VC-T)
Infiniti will release the world's first production variable-compression engine when it releases the 2019 QX50 midsize SUV early next year.
The VC-T is a new inline-four, 2.0-liter that combines the power of a high-performance turbo gasoline engine with the torque and efficiency of an advanced diesel engine, but without the latter's notorious emissions. It features the ability to seamlessly raise or lower the stroke of the pistons in the combustion chamber, depending on the driving conditions it detects and inputs from the driver, to select the best compression ratio, anywhere between 8:1, typical for high-performance engines, and 14:1 for high efficiency. In essence, it delivers the performance of a V6 but is much more efficient, with improved fuel efficiency of between 10 to 15% with its best competitors.
It's also quieter, more lightweight and compact than V6 engines with comparable power outputs, estimated at 268 horsepower and 288 pound-feet of torque.
The engine is expected to deliver fuel economy gains of 27 percent in combined city-highway EPA rating over the outgoing QX50, which had a 3.7-liter V6. The 2019 model, fitted with the VC-T, should get about 26 mpg in combined fuel economy, and it will get to 60 mph almost one second faster than its four-cylinder counterparts.
The VC-T engine is the result of 20 years of development spanning more than 100 prototypes and around 300 patents at Nissan. It hinged on parallel advances in engine-control technologies and the company's invention of the multi-link technology, which raises and lowers the pistons, in 1998. The VC-T features both port and direct fuel injection, the latter of which helps prevent against premature combustion in the cylinder, plus variable valve timing and a four-circuit cooling system. All feed information to the engine's computer, which runs an electric motor that operates the actuator arm that adjusts the piston travel distance and compression ratio. The company says the engine is now in the final stages of development on real roads.
The VC-T will be the only engine option for the 2019 QX50, and it will require premium-grade gasoline. It will also be available solely with a continuously variable automatic transmission,


A question was asked in the October 2015 AFS exam as regards how a company can put a life cover in place for the benefit of the family of its employee.
In a situation where the company is too small and the benefit is not provided in form of a group life scheme, setting up a life cover in this case is referred to as a Relevant Life Plan, also called relevant life cover. This is something that is often mentioned by people, even in the real world, not just in the CII world.
What does Relevant Life Plan mean?
A Relevant Life Plan is mainly used for a term assurance cover that provides benefits to the family or loved ones of employees that die in service in a tax efficient way. For a business to use this plan, there must be an employee-employer relationship; therefore, sole traders, partners or limited liability partnerships are not meant to benefit from this plan.
An RLP is a personal policy in which the employee is referred to as the life insured while the employer is known as the policyholder. Just like in tradition death in service policies, the sum insured on behalf of the employee is the multiple of salary, with some providers offering as much as 25 times the salary for younger employees with the money decreasing as they grow older. To ensure that the payment of the money is made quickly to the right person without any need for probate while IHT is also avoided, the policy is written under a discretionary trust. If the employee dies while still in service, the money is paid quickly to the trustees, who are then saddled with the task of paying to the previously named beneficiaries.
Employer will be the one to pay premiums and this offers the benefits of it being treated as part of the expenses of the business by HMRC.
The pension lifetime allowance of the employee is unaffected by the benefit payments and there is no need for premium to be paid by the employee on a benefit in kind.
RLPs – a Good Way out for High Earners and Small Business; RLPs can be rightly seen as a good solution for high earners that feel the pension lifetime allowance would not be enough and a small business looking for a way to offer life cover to their directors and employees without being forced to make large payment needed to run a group life scheme.