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by NUNAverse | Jan 3, 2022 | Daily Media Clips
Good Morning/Afternoon, NUNAverse,
Earlier today, the Food and Drug Administration authorized the use of a Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 booster in adolescents 12 to 15 years old. The agencyalso shortened the time between the completion of primary vaccination of the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine and a booster dose to five months from six. Finally, the FDA allowed for a third dose of vaccine in immunocompromised children 5 to 11 years of age. The director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Rochelle Walensky, must still weigh in with a recommendation on the FDA's announcement before the changes can take effect.
An Apology to Native Peoples of the United States was signed into law in 2010, included on page 3,453 of the 3,475-page-long Department of Defense Appropriations Act. Passed during President Barack Obama's tenure in office, it "recognizes on behalf of the people of the United States to all Native Peoples for the many instances of violence, maltreatment, and neglect inflicted on Native Peoples by the citizens of the United States." No president has ever presented the apology nor read its words publicly, as noted by the Washington Post. Now, former Kansas Senator Sam Brownback, who drafted the apology and worked diligently to get it passed in 2010, is launching an effort to champion the law and convince President Joe Biden to formally recognize it with a ceremony at the White House.
For over a decade, residents of the Fort Apache Reservation in eastern Arizona have been promised miles of pipeline that would bring clean drinking water to their communities. Now, a one-time windfall to help carry out the agreement could be on its way. The federal infrastructure bill signed last month includes $2.5 billion for Native water rights settlements, a tool tribes have used to define their rights to water from rivers and other sources and get federal funding to deliver it to residents. The federal government has not disclosed how the money will be divvied up. But tribes involved in more than 30 settlements — many in the U.S. West, including the White Mountain Apache of the Fort Apache Reservation — are eligible and eagerly awaiting specifics. Access to reliable, clean water and basic sanitation facilities on tribal lands remains a challenge for hundreds of thousands of people. The funding for settlements is part of about $11 billion from the infrastructure law headed to Indian Country to expand broadband coverage, fix roads, and provide basic needs like running water.
The Squaxin Island Tribe in western Washington state, along the southernmost inlets of the Salish Sea, have received lands back from private owners, a forestry company called Port Blakely Companies. The company returned 2 miles of waterfront and 125 acres of the tribe's ancestral tidelands on Little Skookum Inlet at no cost. Separately, Port Blakely Companies also sold 875 acres of upland forest back to its original stewards for an undisclosed amount. Chairman Kris Peters told The Seattle Times that the tribe has no plans to develop the waterfront property. The forested property the tribe re-acquired this week was part of the land they stewarded before the Medicine Creek Treaty of 1854, when they ceded 4,000 square miles, or 2,560,000 acres, to the United States government.
FDA Authorizes A Pfizer Booster Shot For children Ages 12 To 15
NPR, Scott Hensley and Joe Hernandez, January 3
The Food and Drug Administration has authorized the use of a Pfizer-BioNTech booster in adolescents 12 to 15 years old. The agency on Monday also shortened the time between the completion of primary vaccination of the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine and a booster dose to five months from six.
NYC's First Health Survey Of Native American Residents Reveals Inequities
New York Post, Carl Campanile, January 2
The New York City Health Department has conducted its first ever study to highlight the conditions of more than 100,000 Native Americans/Indigenous Peoples who live in the five boroughs. The department's collaboration with the groups representing aboriginal peoples aided city health officials in providing this population with crucial information during the coronavirus pandemic, city officials said. The report said that "existing health, economic and other forms of inequities have converged during the COVID-19 pandemic to increase risk of exposure, infection, and death among Indigenous peoples." A higher percentage of Native Americans also reported heavy drinking of alcohol, consuming sugary drinks or being overweight/obese.
Native American Tribes Have Made Progress Against COVID-19. Omicron Has Them 'Back In Crisis Mode.'
AP News, Bill Keveney, January 1
Native American tribes have been especially vigilant in encouraging COVID-19 vaccines and enacting stringent safety protocols. The next challenge for these communities that have been hit particularly hard during the pandemic: The omicron variant. Tribes and the federal Indian Health Service are reporting huge case spikes in the days after Christmas, reflecting the situation across much of the country.
Will Indigenous People Get Apology From Us?
Indian Country Today, Mary Annette Pember, January 2
An Apology to Native Peoples of the United States was signed into law in 2010, included on page 3,453 of the 3,475-page-long Department of Defense Appropriations Act. Passed during President Barack Obama's tenure in office, it "recognizes on behalf of the people of the United States to all Native Peoples for the many instances of violence, maltreatment, and neglect inflicted on Native Peoples by the citizens of the United States." The apology landed with a mysterious, unacknowledged thud and has essentially been ignored and forgotten ever since. No president has ever presented the apology in public nor read its words publicly, as noted by the Washington Post. Now, former Sen. Sam Brownback, R-Kansas, who drafted the apology and worked diligently to get it passed in 2010, is launching an effort to champion the law and convince President Joe Biden to formally recognize it with a ceremony at the White House.
In these times of calls for racial reckoning, as news emerges of the discoveries of thousands of remains of Indigenous children who died at boarding schools in Canada and the U.S., a public apology with no strings attached seems like a win-win all around.
Court Rules Mining Rights Stay with the Feds on Oklahoma Tribal Lands
Native News Online, December 30
In the battle between state and federal government over who has surface mining jurisdiction on the Muscogee (Creek) Reservation in Oklahoma, a federal judge favored the feds last week when he shot down the state's injunction. The legal footing for the battle began last year, when the Supreme Court said that a chunk of land in eastern Oklahoma was never disestablished from the Muscogee (Creek) Nation's reservation, and is therefore sovereign tribal lands. The implications of the McGirt vs. Oklahoma ruling—which effectively expanded the Muscogee (Creek) Reservation—allowed the Interior Department in April to take over mining jurisdiction on the reservation. In response, Oklahoma governor Kevin Stitt (Cherokee and Choctaw) sued the federal government to stop the jurisdictional change. U.S. District Court Judge Stephen Friot wrote in his ruling on Dec. 22 that, while the case represents "a prime example of the havoc flowing from the McGirt decision," his decision was also "legally unavoidable."
$2.5B Headed To Tribes For Long-Standing Water Settlements
AP News, Suman Naishadham, December 24
For over a decade, residents of the rural Fort Apache Reservation in eastern Arizona have been promised miles of pipeline that would bring clean drinking water to their communities.
Now, a one-time windfall to help carry out the agreement could be on its way. The federal infrastructure bill signed last month includes $2.5 billion for Native American water rights settlements, a tool tribes have used to define their rights to water from rivers and other sources and get federal funding to deliver it to residents. The federal government has not disclosed how the money will be divvied up. But tribes involved in more than 30 settlements — many in the U.S. West, including the White Mountain Apache of the Fort Apache Reservation — are eligible and eagerly awaiting specifics. Access to reliable, clean water and basic sanitation facilities on tribal lands remains a challenge for hundreds of thousands of people. The funding for settlements is part of about $11 billion from the infrastructure law headed to Indian Country to expand broadband coverage, fix roads and provide basic needs like running water.
Tribes Hope Legal Win Will Shift Attention To Health Care
AP News, December 23
Native American tribes across the Great Plains are hoping that a decisive legal victory will shift federal officials' attention to their struggle to obtain quality health care. The Rapid City Tribune reported Wednesday that the U.S. Justice Department has dropped an appeal of a federal judge's 2020 ruling that the Indian Health Service must provide adequate health care to the South Dakota-based Rosebud Sioux Tribe as part of a treaty dating back to 1868. The tribe sued after the agency, which is part of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, closed its Rosebud emergency room in 2015, forcing tribal members to travel at least 50 miles to other hospitals. The U.S. Department of Justice under the Trump administration appealed the ruling to the 8th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals. The appellate court upheld the ruling in August, saying the federal government must provide competent health care for the tribe.
Boarding Schools:
Catholic Dioceses Investigate Their Role In Boarding Schools For Native Americans
The Wall Street Journal, Dan Frosch, January 1
Catholic dioceses across the U.S. are beginning to investigate their role in operating boarding schools for Native American children in the late 1800s and 1900s, including searching for evidence of students who might have died at the institutions. The inquiries under way at numerous dioceses follow an Interior Department investigation launched in June into the institutions, which were set up by the federal government to assimilate young Native Americans. Native students sometimes faced physical and emotional abuse, and thousands might have died from accidents, disease and other causes. Most of the schools were shut down by the 1970s. In November, two leading bishops in areas with large Native American populations—Gallup, N.M., and Oklahoma City—sent a letter to fellow bishops, urging them to examine the history of the boarding schools in their areas and to comply with the Interior Department investigation. The federal probe was initiated by Interior Secretary Deb Haaland and is seeking to determine how many students died and where they are buried. The investigation was prompted by the discovery of unmarked graves of indigenous children at a church-run boarding school in Canada in May.
Navajo Nation To Distribute CARES Act Hardship Assistance To Navajo Elders
Native News Online, January 2
Navajo Nation President Jonathan Nez and Vice President Myron Lizer on Thursday signed a resolution that reallocates CARES Act funds for Hardship Assistance for enrolled citizens of the Navajo Nation who are 60 years old and over, and who previously demonstrated need for assistance to mitigate the devastating effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. The resolution was passed on Wednesday night by the Navajo Nation Council during a special session held on Wednesday. Nearly $16 million in CARES Act funds will provide approximately $300 dollars per eligible person 60 years and older. Elders will not need to re-apply for the hardship funds. The Office of the Controller is beginning the payment process and elders can anticipate receiving the check payment in this week or next.
Native American Child Advocate To Speak At Conference
AP News, January 1
A Native American child welfare advocate will be the keynote speaker in February at an annual conference hosted by Mississippi's only federally recognized Native American tribe. Sandy White Hawk will speak at the 10th-annual Indian Child Welfare Act Conference. The event will be held on Feb. 16 at the Silver Star Convention Center at the Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indian's Pearl River Resort in Choctaw. The annual conference began as an effort to educate state judges and social workers on requirements of the Indian Child Welfare Act, according to a press release from Mississippi's Administrative Office of Courts. The law gives Native American families priority in foster care and adoption proceedings involving Native children, and places reporting and other requirements on states.
French Diplomat Forges Ties With Native American Tribes
A French diplomat is working to build ties with French-speaking people in Louisiana in part through strengthening education programs. Consul General Nathalie Beras, who is based in New Orleans, recently traveled to southern Louisiana to learn more about Native American tribes in that area and that meetings with other groups are planned as well as possible weekend French classes. Beras and her team went to Isle de Jean Charles and Pointe-aux-Chenes and met with French-speaking members of Native American tribes during her outing that took place about two weeks ago. The newspaper said other meetings and visits are also being planned. Representatives of Tele-Louisiane, a media company that works to preserve the French language and culture in Louisiana, was also along for the trip including the company's CEO, Will McGrew. The company is working with the Pointe-au-Chien tribe to start weekend French classes for local children in the future. McGrew told the newspaper that the company is also ready to assist local school boards if they want to start French-language programs in their areas.
Climate Change: Navajo Nation Faces Drought, Fires, Flooding
Indian Country Today, Pauly Denetclaw, December 29
The Navajo are among tens of thousands of Indigenous people in the U.S. feeling the impacts of climate change. An informal survey by Indian Country Today found that Indigenous communities have been hit particularly hard by the changing climate, with some forced to choose between their homelands and their safety. In coastal areas from Alaska to Louisiana and Florida, tribes are facing floods, rising sea levels, coastal erosion and increasingly powerful storms. In the Southwest and Plains, extreme drought and heat has taken hold, increasing the risk of wildfires and depleting water sources. All are facing the loss of their environment and threats to traditional foods and medicine. In the arid climate of the Navajo Nation, any changes in precipitation have drastic effects on the land. From 1996 to 2009, extreme drought conditions in the Navajo Nation caused some 30,000 livestock to perish. The drought also lowered water levels in aquifers, making the water so salinated that it became unusable, leaving whole communities without water.
Report Shows Reality Of Homicides In Indian Country
On November 19, 2021, the Centers for Disease Control released a report on homicides of American Indians/Alaska Natives from 2003-2018, as part of the National Violent Death Reporting System (NVDRS). According to the report, homicide is a leading cause of death for American Indians/Alaska Natives (AI/ANs). For homicides related to intimate partner violence (IPV), nearly 90 percent of American Indian/Alaska Native female victims were killed by a current or former intimate partner. The report covers data on 2,226 American Indian/Alaska Native homicides collected from 34 states and the District of Columbia. The homicide rate was 8 per 100,000 AI/AN population, and the rate was three times higher in men than women. The median age of victims was 32 years old, and the average age range was 23–44 years old.
Disaster Declaration Made For Wildfire-Ravaged Colville Reservation
President Biden has approved a disaster declaration for the Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation in northeastern Washington, making federal dollars available to the tribe to build back facilities damaged by summer wildfires. The federal funding is also available on a cost-sharing basis for hazard mitigation measures for the Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation, according to The White House press release. One of the July wildfires, the Chuweah Creek fire, burned its way through four homes and 34,694 acres of the tribe's timberland, The Spokesman Review reported at the time. It was the third major fire the Colville Reservation has sustained in six years, which directly correlates to the tribe's economic development. Colville Tribal Chairman Andrew Joseph Jr told The Spokesman Review that 20% of the tribe's finances come from logging.
Company Seeks To Restore Oil Lease On Land Sacred To Tribes
AP News, Matthew Brown, December 23
Attorneys for a Louisiana oil and gas company have asked a federal judge to reinstate a drilling lease it held on land considered sacred to Native American tribes in the U.S. and Canada. The long-disputed energy lease in the Badger-Two Medicine area of northwestern Montana near the Blackfeet Reservation was cancelled in 2016 under then-U.S. Interior Secretary Sally Jewell. That decision was upheld by a federal appeals court last year. Now Solenex LLC — the company that held the lease — is making another run at getting a court to restore its drilling rights. In court documents filed Thursday in a lawsuit against the Interior Department, its attorneys argued that Jewell exceeded her authority and the lease should be reinstated.
Private Company Returns Some Land To Squaxin Island Tribe
The Squaxin Island Tribe of western Washington state, along the southernmost inlets of the Salish Sea, have received lands back from private owners, a forestry company called Port Blakely Companies. The company returned 2 miles of waterfront and 125 acres of the tribe's ancestral tidelands on Little Skookum Inlet at no cost. Separately, Port Blakely Companies also sold 875 acres of upland forest back to its original stewards for an undisclosed amount. At the time of publication, Chairman Kris Peters had not responded to Native News Online's request for comment, but told The Seattle Times that the tribe has no plans to develop the waterfront property. Squaxin tribal members are descendants of the maritime people who lived along the shores and watersheds of the seven southernmost inlets of Puget Sound for many thousands of years, their website reads. "Our culture is still very much connected to this aquatic environment." The forested property the tribe re-acquired this week was part of the land they stewarde before the Medicine Creek Treaty of 1854, when they ceded 4,000 square miles, or 2,560,000 acres, to the United States government.
Alabama Responds To Tribal Claims; Repatriation Tentatively Moves Forward
Native News Online, Jenna Kunze, December 23
Earlier this month, a federal committee determined that at least 5,892 human remains held in The University of Alabama's museums collection are culturally linked to seven present day Muskogean-speaking tribes located throughout Alabama, Oklahoma, Louisiana, and Florida. That determination—called "cultural affiliation" under the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA)—means that the tribes that have been attempting to reclaim their ancestors and their corresponding artifacts for over a decade are finally backed by the law. The University of Alabama had previously considered the remains and artifacts "unaffiliated." Under NAGPRA, once human remains or objects are culturally affiliated, the institution must file a federal Notice of Inventory Completion to enable other tribes to determine their interest in claiming them. If there are no additional claims by another tribe after 30 days, an institution can move ahead with a Notice of Intent to Repatriate and move forward with returning the remains and/or objects. In response to the Nov. 24 'cultural affiliation' determination, the University of Alabama sent a four page letter to the seven tribes, dated Dec. 4.


text:
\section*{Results}

\begin{figure*}[t]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.7\textwidth]{Fig1.pdf}
\caption{{\bf Scenario and assumptions of our SDI randomness generation protocol.} In each round of the experiment, the preparation device $P$ receives an input $x$ and emits a system that goes into a measurement device $M$ that receives an input $z$ and produces an outcome $b$. There is a blocker $B$ that may or may not block the system depending on input $y$. The assumptions made in our protocol are: (i) $P$ and $M$ are black boxes built by the adversary, their internal functioning is unknown and inaccessible to the user. Each device may contain an agent of the adversary. (ii) $P$ and $M$ are shielded in the sense that $P$ only receives input $x \in \{00,01,10,11\}$ and only outputs a qubit state $\rho_x$, and $M$ only receives a qubit (or nothing, i.e., $\emptyset$) and $z \in \{0,1\}$ as inputs, and only outputs $b \in \{0,1,\emptyset\}$. The outcome $b=\emptyset$ corresponds to the case in which no result is obtained either because the blocker $B$ was acting or because the detection efficiency is not perfect. (iii) $B$ only receives $y \in [0,1]$ as input and blocks (absorbs) the qubit if and only if $y \le \lambda$ (where $\lambda$ is characteristic of $B$). (iv) $x,y,z$ are apparently random. A string is apparently random when it has passed some standard tests of randomness, but may fail to pass other tests. (v) The laboratory containing $P$, $B$, $M$ and the generators of $x$, $y$ and $z$ is shielded in the sense that nothing can enter or exit. The purpose of the protocol is to generate certified random private bits from apparently random bits. The final string of certified random private bits is obtained after post-processing the events $(b|x,y,z)$. This certification follows from the analysis of the conditional probability distributions $p(b|x,y,z)$ estimated by the user.}
\label{Fig1}
\end{figure*}

The protocol works in the scenario and under the assumptions described in Fig.~\ref{Fig1}. Each round of the experiment produces an event $(b|x,y,z)$. The user
follows the steps below:

Step 1. The user estimates the probabilities $p(b|x,y > \lambda,z)$ and also the probabilities $p'(b|x,y > \lambda,z)$ obtained after removing all events in which $b =\emptyset$.

Step 2. The goal of step 2 is to allow the user to check whether or not there is shared randomness between $x$ and $z$ that may compromise the randomness and privacy of the final string. For that, the user estimates the probability $p'_{\mathrm{av}}=\frac{1}{8}\sum_{x,z} p'(0|x,y > \lambda,z)$ and the observed overall detection efficiency $\eta =\sum_{x,z} \sum_{b \in \{0,1\}} p(b|x,y > \lambda,z)/ \sum_{x,z} \sum_{b \in \{0,1,\emptyset\}} p(b|x,y > \lambda,z)$. If $p'_{\mathrm{av}}$ is above a certain threshold that depends on $\lambda$ and $\eta$, then the user can conclude that there is no shared randomness and moves on to the step 3 (see Methods). If it is below this threshold, then the user aborts.

Step 3. The user defines a bit string ${\cal S}$ as follows: $b$ if $y>\lambda$ and $b \in \{0,1\}$, $0$ if $y >\lambda$ and $b=\emptyset$. Hereafter we will denote these events as $(b|x,z)$. The goal of step 3 is to estimate the randomness in ${\cal S}$. The method for this is as follows.

The Lemma in Methods shows that the best strategy for an adversary without shared randomness is the following: For each $x$, the adversary's agent in $P$ prepares a pure qubit state $|x\rangle$ in the equatorial plane of the Bloch sphere. For a given $z$, the adversary's agent in $M$: (I) With frequency $p_{z}$, performs a measurement that projects the qubit into $|m_{z}=0\rangle$ or $|m_{z}=1\rangle$ and outputs $b=0$ or $b=1$, respectively. $|m_{z}=0\rangle$ and $|m_{z}=1\rangle$ are orthogonal and both in the equatorial plane of the Bloch sphere. (II) With frequency $q_{z}^0$, makes no measurement on the qubit and outputs $b=0$. (III) With frequency $q_{z}^1$, makes no measurement on the qubit and outputs $b=1$. Since in those cases in which no measurement is performed, the choice of output $b=0$ or $b=1$ can be done using a pseudo random number generator (PRNG), we will assume that there is no randomness with frequency $q_{z}^0+q_{z}^1$. By the normalization condition for probabilities, $p_{z}+q_{z}^0+q_{z}^1=1$.
The amount of randomness in the events $(b|x,z)$, measured by the min-entropy, is
\begin{eqnarray}
\label{hmin}
H_\infty (b|x,z)=-p_{z} \log_2 |\langle m_{z}=b | x \rangle|^2,
\end{eqnarray}
where $|\langle m_{z}=b | x \rangle|^2$ is the probability of projecting into $|m_{z}=b\rangle$ when the state prepared is $|x\rangle$.
Since $P$ and $M$ are black boxes, the user does not know $p_{z}$, $|x\rangle$ and $|m_{z}=b\rangle$. The user only has access to the probabilities $p(b|x,z)$ that can be estimated from the experiment. The relation between them is
\begin{eqnarray}
p(b|x,z)=q_{z}^{b}+p_{z} |\langle m_{z}=b | x \rangle|^2.
\end{eqnarray}

The randomness indicator used in the protocol is a list $\vec{P}$ of the 8 probabilities $p(0|x,z)$.
After the experiment is complete, the user has each $p(0|x,z)$ with a confidence
\begin{eqnarray} \label{const}
 p(0|x,z)^{\mathrm{min}}\leq p(0|x,z) \leq p(0|x,z)^{\mathrm{max}}.
\end{eqnarray}
Then, a numerical minimization of the min-entropies of the 8 events $(0|x,z)$ under the constraints (\ref{const}) is performed to obtain the amount of randomness.

What is remarkable in our protocol is that $\vec{P}$ allows the user to certify more randomness than with any indicator used in previous works, e.g., the average success probability\mycite{PB11,LYWZWCGH11} $p_{\mathrm{av}}=\frac{1}{8}\sum_{x,z}p(0|x,z)$, or the worst case probability\mycite{DPGPA12,ANTV02}, $p_{\mathrm{wc}}=\min_{x,z}p(0|x,z)$.
The benefit of using $\vec{P}$ over $p_{\mathrm{wc}}$ or $p_{\mathrm{av}}$ is illustrated in Fig.~\ref{Fig2}. This clear advantage contrasts with the marginal increase in the amount of certified randomness found in Bell-inequality scenarios when using the whole probability distribution instead of a single number\mycite{NPS14,BSS14}.

Step 4. The user extracts the final private random bit string by applying standard post-processing techniques on ${\cal S}$ (e.g., ref.\mycite{vonNeumann51}).

\begin{figure}[t]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.48\textwidth]{Fig2.pdf}
\caption{{\bf Comparison among randomness indicators.} Large diagram: Randomness, measured by the min-entropy, certified using $\vec{P}$ (green curve), $p_{\mathrm{wc}}$ (red curve) and $p_{\mathrm{av}}$ (blue curve). It is assumed that $p(0|x,z)^{\mathrm{min}}=\alpha-\frac{\delta}{2}$ and $p(0|x,z)^{\mathrm{max}}=\alpha+\frac{\delta}{2}$, with $\delta=10^{-4}$. The results for $p_{\mathrm{av}}$ are taken from Mironowicz et al.\mycite{MLP14}. The threshold probability for certifying randomness when using $\vec{P}$ is $0.5$, while it is $0.75$ for $p_{\mathrm{wc}}$ and $0.829$ for $p_{\mathrm{av}}$. Small diagram: Randomness certified using $\vec{P}$ for small $\alpha$ and $\delta=10^{-8}$. $p_{\mathrm{wc}}$ and $p_{\mathrm{av}}$ cannot certify randomness in this case.}
\label{Fig2}
\end{figure}

Our experimental implementation of the protocol is shown schematically in Fig.~\ref{Fig3}. As the sources of $x$, $y$ and $z$ we use three commercial QRNGs QUANTIS\mycite{quantis}. They satisfy the definition of apparent randomness because they have passed standard tests of randomness\mycite{quantis}. Each QRNG supplies a continuous string of bits. The field programmable gate array (FPGA) in $P$ produces an electrical synchronization signal and attenuated optical pulses (weak coherent quantum states). The optical pulses are then sent through a sequence of four spatial light modulators (SLMs)\mycite{Grier03}. Sets of lenses are employed to project the image of one SLM onto the next one. The qubit state preparation in $P$ (the projections in $M$) is implemented using SLM~1 and SLM~2 (SLM~3 and SLM~4) working with amplitude-only and phase-only modulation, respectively. We use the linear transverse momentum of the single photons transmitted by the SLMs as the degree of freedom for codifying qubit states. This is done by making only two paths available for the photon transmission through the SLMs\mycite{LVNRS09}. One has full control of the real and imaginary parts of the states being generated and measured through the control of the grey level of the SLMs pixels\mycite{LNGGNDVS11,ECGNSXL13}. The advantage of this setup (with respect to other encoding approaches, such as polarization or time-bin) is that it can be easily adapted to codify higher dimensional quantum states\mycite{ECGNSXL13,CEGSXLC14,PRL14} to study more complex scenarios for quantum randomness generation.

\begin{figure*}[t]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.8\textwidth]{Fig3.pdf}
\caption{{\bf Experimental setup.} Attenuated optical pulses are produced with a continuous wave laser, an acousto-optic modulator (AOM), and adjustable optical attenuators. The SLMs are controlled by their corresponding FPGA electronics, which prepare the qubit state and perform the appropriate projection based on the supplied random numbers from their corresponding QRNG. The three QRNGs provide the random numbers required for our SDI quantum randomness generation protocol. In order to detect shared randomness between the preparation and measurement stages, a random blocker is placed in the path between them (see Methods). A computer (PC) receives the blocking and the random settings information to estimate the min-entropy of the generated random bit string. \label{Fig3}}
\end{figure*}

The repetition rate of the attenuated optical pulses is set to 30~Hz, which is the limit of the employed SLMs. The SLMs are controlled by their corresponding FPGA units. The modulation applied in each SLM is triggered by the sync signal. An internal delay in respect to the AOM in the FPGAs is used to ensure that the SLMs in $P$ and $M$ are properly set by the time each coherent state is sent. Each QRNG produces approximately 4 million bits/s, which means that for every sync signal there are always fresh random numbers available to randomly prepare and measure. Each round, pre-determined phase and amplitude masks are applied to the SLMs based on the new numbers produced by the QRNGs. These masks are built such that the states are the ones required in the protocol from refs.\mycite{LNGGNDVS11,ECGNSXL13}. The optical blocker placed between them is a commercial shutter based on liquid crystal display technology, and is controlled by a third FPGA unit, fed by another QRNG. The blocker's electronics also receive the clock signal from $P$, thus operating synchronously with the rest of the setup. For each round of the experiment, the blocker's FPGA unit randomly decides whether it will block the pulse or not, with an user-adjustable blocking probability. If a pulse is blocked, this information is sent to a computer (PC).

\begin{figure}[t]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.48\textwidth]{Fig4.pdf}
\caption{{\bf Threshold value for $p'_{\mathrm{av}}$ to guarantee that there is no shared randomness with a confidence of $0.99$ and taking the most favourable conditions for the adversary, as a function of the blocking rate and for different values of $\eta$.} The invulnerability against the detection loophole follows from the fact that, for $\eta>0$, there is always a blocking rate smaller than $1$ such that observing $p'_{\mathrm{av}}>0.5$ allows the user to guarantee that there is no shared randomness. The dot with error bars indicates the $p'_{\mathrm{av}}$ observed in our experiment in which the blocking rate is $0.99$ and $\eta=0.06$. The error bars are calculated using Poissonian statistics. The blocking rate was chosen to show that we can discard shared randomness even with a very low detection efficiency ($\eta=0.001$).\label{Fig4}}
\end{figure}

For our experimental implementation, with $\eta=0.06$, a blocking rate of 99\% was employed to guarantee that there is no shared randomness. The threshold for privacy as a function of the blocking rate and $\eta$ is presented in Fig.~\ref{Fig4}. Clearly, one can see that our generated bit string is certifiably private.

Remarkably, Fig.~\ref{Fig4} also shows that, for $\eta>0$, there is always a blocking rate smaller than $1$ such that observing $p'_{\mathrm{av}}>0.5$ allows the user to guarantee with a 99\% confidence that there is no shared randomness.

\begin{figure}[t]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.40\textwidth]{Fig5.pdf}
\caption{{\bf Theoretical and experimental probabilities.} Observed conditional probabilities $p'(0|x,y>\lambda, z)$ compared with the theoretical predictions. The error bars are calculated using Poissonian statistics for single photon detection. \label{Fig5}}
\end{figure}

The optical quality of the experiment is indicated by the fact that the experimental probabilities $p'(0|x,y>\lambda, z)$ show a very good agreement with the predictions of quantum mechanics, as illustrated in Fig.~\ref{Fig5}. In each round of the experiment $0.0093$ true random bits are certified, yielding a random bit generation rate of $0.28$~Hz. The effectiveness of our randomness indicator $\vec{P}$ is demonstrated by the fact that no random bits would have been certified using $p_{\mathrm{wc}}$ or $p_{\mathrm{av}}$. The final certified bit string ${\cal S}$ generated in our experiment is $10^5$ bits long. We emphasize that our rate could be increased to the Mbit/s range with current technology of SLMs based on integrated silicon photonics\mycite{QCXX12}. Even without modern SLMs, the private random bit generation rate of our experiment can be increased by a factor of 20 by decreasing the blocking rate to 0.8. Therefore, our scheme is capable of outperforming the rate produced by recent experiments based on Bell inequalities with photons detected with superconducting transition-edge sensors ($0.4$~Hz with overall detection efficiency of 75\%\mycite{CMACGLMSZNBLGK13}).

In conclusion, we have experimentally demonstrated a new protocol for generating private random numbers which is more secure than conventional QRNGs and is, at the same time, practical for real-life applications. It is more secure because: (i) it does not require the assumptions on the internal functioning of the devices needed in current QRNGs and (ii) it does not need the assumption that the preparation and measurement devices have no initial shared randomness. It is practical because it does not require high detection efficiency. It is the first protocol for randomness generation invulnerable to the detection loophole. Therefore, in this work we have demonstrated a novel approach that can rise up to the challenge of real-life applications requiring private, secure and high-rate random number generation certified by quantum mechanics.

\section*{Methods}

\subsection*{Blocking to counteract shared randomness}

In order to understand why the use of $B$ is sufficient to counteract any
shared randomness, imagine an adversary who sells the user $P$ and $M$
devices equipped with identical PRNGs fed with the same
seed. There are three ways in which the same seed can be fed: (i) The
devices may have the seed stored inside them since they were built
by the adversary. Option (i) is problematic for the adversary, since the
user can employ several $P$ and $M$ devices paired randomly. If all of them
share the same random string, correlations will be seen in success
probabilities if all devices get the same inputs. (ii) The seed may be
sent to $P$ and $M$ when they are operating. Option (ii) is not possible in our scenario
with $P$ and $M$ inside a shielded laboratory. (iii) The seed may
be communicated somehow from the adversary's agent in $P$ to the adversary's
agent in $M$ using the qubit during the protocol. In this case, randomly
blocking some rounds of the experiment helps the user against the communication of the agent's seed. Even if the agents in $P$ and
$M$ manage to establish a common seed, they would still need a way of
synchronizing their strategies. That is, even if they know the value of the
random variable for every round of the protocol, the agents need to agree on
which round of protocol they are currently in. If we assume the
most favourable condition for the adversary, which is that the synchronization
uses only one round of the protocol, then in this round the success
probability will be $\frac{1}{2}$. It drops to $\frac{1}{2}$ because in this round of synchronization there is no correlation between the output $b$ of $M$ and the input $x$ of $P$. Note that synchronization will again be required as soon as a new qubit is blocked, because otherwise $P$ will
count one more round than $M$, and again the success probability will drop. This allows us to compute how often the
agents need to synchronize and which is the impact of this procedure on
the average success probability. We plot this in Fig.~\ref{Fig4}, taking the most favourable conditions
for the adversary, i.e., assuming that she can cause the
devices to succeed with probability~1 when not synchronizing and that
there is no detection only during synchronization.

It is also important to notice that $B$ also helps the user in case the adversary's agents in $P$ and $M$ share {\em quantum} correlations. Even if the agents have entangled pairs of particles, this is useless to them since the agents do not know whether or not their particles belong to the same pair.

\subsection*{Most general attack with no shared randomness}

Assuming no shared randomness, the most general attack that the adversary can follow is always equivalent to performing some positive-operator valued measure (POVM) in $M$. However, this attack is difficult to parameterize. The Lemma below enables us to use classical preprocessing and projective measurements to describe the most general attack that the adversary can perform.

{\em Lemma:} In a prepare-and-measure scenario without shared randomness, if the communicated system is a qubit and the output is $b \in {0,1}$, any conditional probability distribution $p(b|x,z)$ can be achieved by choosing outcome $b=0$ with probability $q_z^0$, outcome $b=1$ with probability $q_z^1$, and performing a projective measurement with probability $p_{z}=1-q_z^0-q_z^1$.

{\em Proof:} For each $z$ let us consider the most general two-outcome POVM. Let $E_z^b$ be the POVM element corresponding to the outcome $b$. Let $E_z^0=\left(\begin{tabular}{cc}
$c_z$& 0\\
0& $c'_z$
\end{tabular} \right)$ and the basis in which $E_z^0$ is diagonal be $\{\ket{m_{z}=0},\ket{m_{z}=1}\}$. For any state $\ket{x}=d_x^z\ket{0}_z+ e_x^z\ket{1}_z$, the probability to observe outcome $b=0$ is $p(0|x,z)=c_z|d_x^z|^2+c'_z|e_x^z|^2$. Without loss of generality, we may assume that $c_z \geq c'_z$. If we set $q_z^0=c'_z$ and $q_z^1=1-c_z$ and choose the projective measurement to be in the basis $\{\ket{m_{z}=0},\ket{m_{z}=1}\}$, then the prescription given in the Lemma exactly reproduces the probability distribution of the outcomes of the measurement $E_z^b$.\hfill \vrule height6pt width6pt depth0pt

To certify randomness the user estimates $p(0|x,z)$ from the experimental data and
then uses the Lemma to numerically optimize over $q_z^0$, $q_z^1$, $| x \rangle$, $\ket{m_{z}=0}$, $\ket{m_{z}=1}$ minimizing the min-entropy for $x,z$.

{\bf Acknowledgements:} This work was supported by the grants FONDECYT 1120067, CONICYT PFB08-024, Milenio P10-030-F,
the project FIS2011-29400 (MINECO, Spain) with FEDER funds, the FQXi large grant project ``The Nature of Information in Sequential Quantum Measurements'', the ERC grant QOLAPS, the FNP grant TEAM and the NCN grant 2013/08/M/ST2/00626. G.C., J.C., E.S.G. and J.F.B. acknowledge the financial support of CONICYT.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


Raskin, J. D. (2019). Abnormal psychology: Contrasting perspectives. London, England: Red Globe Press/Macmillan International Higher Education.
Raskin, J. D., Bridges, S. K., & Kahn, J. S. (Eds.). (2015). Studies in meaning 5: Perturbing the status quo in constructivist psychology. New York, NY: Pace University Press.
Raskin, J. D., Bridges, S. K., & Neimeyer, R. A. (Eds.). (2010). Studies in meaning 4: Constructivist perspectives on theory, practice, and social justice. New York: Pace University Press.
Raskin, J. D., & Bridges, S. K. (Eds.). (2008). Studies in meaning 3: Constructivist psychotherapy in the real world. New York: Pace University Press.
Raskin, J. D., & Bridges, S. K. (Eds.). (2004). Studies in meaning 2: Bridging the personal and social in constructivist psychology. New York: Pace University Press.
Raskin, J. D., & Bridges, S. K. (Eds.). (2002). Studies in meaning: Exploring constructivist psychology. New York: Pace University Press.
Neimeyer, R. A., & Raskin, J. D. (Eds.). (2000). Constructions of disorder: Meaning-making frameworks for psychotherapy. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.


Tributes left at Adelaide Crows headquarters.
Family and friends of late Adelaide Football Club coach Phil Walsh have requested the hundreds of guernseys, jackets, beanies, scarves, shirts and footballs left as tributes be given to the homeless.
More than 20 boxes of Crows gear, left at the club as a sign of respect after Walsh's death, have now been given to organisations that assist the needy, the Adelaide Advertiser reports.
Walsh was allegedly stabbed to death on July 3. His son, Cy, has been charged with his murder.
The Hutt St Centre, Streetlink Youth Health, The Smith Family and Taoundi Aboriginal College, in the APY Lands will reportedly distribute the items.
"Football is a great release for the homeless, it takes their minds of the problems," Hutt St Centre client James Sheehan told the newspaper.
"Walshy meant a lot to me, he meant a lot to the football community.


As a customer of Highland Bank, we place the highest priority on safeguarding any and all financial information you provide us. Because you trust us with your financial and other personal information, we respect your privacy and safeguard your information. We take every precaution to keep your information confidential. It is our pledge to you. Please read our Privacy Statement or contact us with any questions regarding our use of your information.


text:
Global Warming 101: The Ellesmere Island Expedition
By: Kraig Becker
Last year legendary polar explorer Will Steger took his Global Warming 101 Expedition on a tour of the Baffin Islands, visiting Inuit villages along the way and recording the effects of climate change on their daily lives. The team spent 78 days and covered more than a thousand miles, mostly by sled dogs, in their efforts to conduct their research.
This year, it's a completely different kind of expedition, as Will and six emerging explorers, conduct the 2008 Ellesmere Island Expedition. The team will visit collapsing ice shelves, frozen fjords, remote mountains, and cross sea ice, to once again explore the effects of global warming, this time on Ellesmere Island, a large stretch of land between Canada and Greenland.
They'll once again be traveling by sled dog, and intend to cover more than 1400 miles along the way. Will's six companions range in age from 21 to 28 and each of them has an interest or area of study related to global climate change. They're filling reports from the field on the expedition website and should be collecting data over the course of the next few months.
How's that for an adventure. You get to explore one of the most remote regions of the World with a guy like Will Steger, while studying something that could possibly be the biggest threat in the history of mankind. Who am I kidding? I'd just want to ride around on the sled and play with the dogs. 🙂
Kraig Becker
Kraig is an outdoor and adventure travel writer based in Nashville, TN. Over the course of his career, he has contributed to numerous online and print outlets, including Popular Mechanics, Gear Junkie, Outside Online, National Geographic, Digital Trends, Business Insider, TripSavvy, about.com, and of course The Adventure Blog.
Latest posts by Kraig Becker (see all)
Gear Review: Yeti Roadie 48 Wheeled Cooler - August 18, 2022
Kristin Harila Continues Pursuit of 8000-Meter Speed Record - August 16, 2022
Two Expeditions are Attempting the Northwest Passage This Summer - August 11, 2022
Tibet To Stay Closed Until After Olympics??
African Luxury Safaris
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Gear Review: Yeti Roadie 48 Wheeled Cooler
Kristin Harila Continues Pursuit of 8000-Meter Speed Record
Two Expeditions are Attempting the Northwest Passage This Summer
Climate Change is Disrupting Climbing in the Alps
It Has Been a Record-Setting Summer on K2
© 2023 The Adventure Blog

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Mostly just writing this so I can keep notes. Today I came up with the idea to forcibly put the WPAD entry into a Windows Domain's DNS. For those who don't know what this would do there is an entire Wikipedia article on the subject: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_Proxy_Autodiscovery_Protocol I did this via PowerShell pretty easily on one of the domain controllers like so: PS C:\> Add-DnsServerResourceRecordA -Name wpad -ZoneName sittingduck.info -IPv4Address 107.
Previous works: There has been a number of different blog posts, presentations and projects that have happened before this post and I will reference a number of them during the post and at the end have a link to all that I know about. If you know of any works on this subject that I am missing please submit a comment below and I'll will be sure to reference it.
Once again, @egyp7 and I will be teaching both our Metasploit Basics course as well as the Mastery Course.
Yes yes yes, I know, another platform, but guess what, it's my blog, so ne-ner-ne-ner-ne-ner Hugo removed what I didn't like about Octopress (the generating / pushing of content using a mix of branches and such) The reason I moved from Blogger was I just can't stand having to log in and be online to make posts. I love things like MarsEdit for doing offline posts to services like Blogger, but I never could get the formatting right when I was done, especiall for code, so I'm back to a markdown based system.
Hi. I'm Rob… and I have a problem. Lets just say, when you find the limitations on Amazon's wishlist features for single items, you know you have a problem. My problem? I'm kinda addicted to Intel NUCs. They are so versitle, low-ish power consumption, and incredibly powerful and TINY. I carry 3 of these (the older / cheaper ones) around to run my trainings / classes from. The follow is my current wishlist.


text:
Cars by DDGORE
Need For Speed Hot Pursuit 2 Cars by DDGORE
Various Realistic Parkland 3.0 (total overhaul)
DDGORE
more by DDGORE
dropdeadgore
more by dropdeadgore
Added: June 21, 2022, 12:35 p.m.
Acura NSX GT3 2017
Added: March 3, 2022, 6:28 a.m.
Chevrolet Corvette C8.R
Added: Dec. 16, 2021, 9:40 a.m.
Dodge Viper SRT10 ACR-X
Ferrari FXX K
Added: Sept. 7, 2021, 10:15 a.m.
Added: Aug. 10, 2021, 11:54 p.m.
Mercedes Benz CLK LM 1998
Added: June 19, 2021, 10:34 a.m.
Lamborghini Huracan Super Trofeo EVO 2014
BMW M4 DTM 2017
Added: June 3, 2021, 10:45 p.m.
McLaren Senna GTR 2020
Added: May 13, 2021, 9:14 p.m.
Lamborghini Essenza SCV12 2021
Added: April 12, 2021, 8:47 a.m.
Pagani Zonda F
Koenigsegg CCX
BMW Formula 1


text:
Our Students and Alumni
Support Family Medicine
Family Medicine Residency Rural 1-2 Track
Addiction Medicine Fellowship
Primary Care Sports Medicine Fellowship
Translational Research in Primary Care Fellowship
Research & Facilities
About the Primary Care Research Institute
Family Medicine >
"As one of the country's first accredited fellowships in addiction medicine, our program is at the forefront of training physicians to use evidence-based care to treat substance abuse," says program director, Tildabeth Doscher, MD.
At UB, we've set the standard for training in addiction medicine. Join our one-year fellowship program and see how you can make a profound impact on the lives of patients with substance use disorders.
Our program — accredited by the American Board of Addiction Medicine and the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education — prepares you to assume a leadership role in all areas of addiction medicine, from clinical care to research and education.
Learn more about how we can prepare you for a rewarding career in our cutting-edge field:
UB is raising the profile of — and training standards in — addiction medicine.
Our one-year addiction medicine fellowship offers you in-depth clinical experience and a solid didactic education in our dynamic field.
Training in our inpatient and outpatient sites, you'll develop the skills to confidently practice addiction medicine in any setting.
Our graduates enjoy rewarding careers as academic and community leaders as they help fill the critical need for specialized treatment providers.
Our medical school sponsors awards that recognize your hard work and support your professional activities.
The one-year fellowship immerses learners in an interdisciplinary addiction training curriculum.
Choosing the Right Fellowship
Discover the components of a rewarding addiction medicine fellowship. Find out how to select a program that helps you develop the expertise you need for a successful clinical or academic career.
Learn More>
ACGME Accredited
This program is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME).
It's easy to stretch your dollar in Buffalo, where the cost of living is well below the national average.
America's Best Planned City
Pronounced "the best planned city in America" by Frederick Law Olmsted, and often billed as the "20-minute city" for its easy accessibility, Buffalo's world-class design makes getting around a snap.
An International Border City
Buffalo borders Canada and is one of the United States' top gateways for international trade.
Weather: A Four-Season Region
Buffalo is known for its snow, but dig a little deeper and you'll discover that our region enjoys four distinct seasons, each remarkable in its own right.
Things To Do in Buffalo
In a city as diverse as Buffalo, you can always find something fun to do, whether it's taking a leisurely walk in one of our glorious Olmsted-designed parks or taking in a thought-provoking work of art at one of dozens of galleries.
11/1/21 About Us
2/7/19 Education and Training
9/8/22 Family Medicine Residency
11/10/21 Family Medicine Faculty Profiles
9/16/15 Research & Facilities
1/9/18 News and Events
12/5/17 Contact Us


There aren't enough food, service, value or atmosphere ratings for Starbucks, Florida yet. Be one of the first to write a review!
Very tough parking and navigating,Friendly service with well made drinks.Cute little area outside but had the typical Starbucks campers with labtops taking up whole tables with one person.
I went here for my free drink on my birthday. I appreciated the free treat of a new flavor and the friendly customer service.
Either my husband or I visit Srtarbucks nearly every morning from January to mid-May to pick up my venti non-fat 7 pump classic chai tea latte. They always do a great job of making my tea and are always pleasant & friendly.
Loving sitting outside atthis location!
I order a mocha frappuccino. It was delicious. I also had a very nice guy who took my order. This is one starbucks I would go to again.
This was a typical Starbucks that I popped into to pick up a coffee for my brother. The seating area was limited, baristas were polite, but alas, it is a Starbucks.
Not a huge fan of Starbucks coffees, but the blonde roast is not as bitter as their other brews. Typical Starbucks offerings and atmosphere.
This Starbucks is in a convenient location. Everything else is of typical Starbucks quality. Not directly accessable from the main street, but not too hard to find.


Are you a hotel operator noticing that your site visits are becoming stagnant or even dramatically going down? Have you ever wondered why it seems so challenging to get consumers directly book a room from your website–instead of doing it through online travel agents (OTA)? Are you thinking about whipping up a new website to 'refresh the look' of it–wishing that this effort will revive a certain level of engagement and interaction?
If this sounds familiar, hold that thought for a second. Instead of jumping to execute your plan and start searching for some hotel website design trends in 2019 (that might have brought you to this page!), reading this article will give you some sparks of inspiration on how you can improve your website, by understanding hotel customer's journey nowadays and their behaviours.
This is the key to making your hotel website works, and deliver results.
First, just to make sure we're on the same page: web design is more than just aesthetics. Web design is all about designing an effective and efficient website that delivers results (or in the case of hospitality websites, bookings).
Research by Sojern (teamed up with Google) in 2017 shows that according to Google, 60% of leisure travellers and 55% of business travellers use search engines to plan their trips. This only boils down to two options: you have a strong and solid SEO (Search Engine Optimization) & SEM (Search Engine Marketing) strategy to take advantage of this trend–or not.
Yes, in 2018, 52.4% of the global web traffic originated from mobile devices, which means 1 out of 2 (potential) customers might be looking at your mobile site. But this is not the only reason. Google's latest development of mobile-first indexing is taking place. From then on, your website's mobile version is the starting point for Google to include it in its index and the baseline for how Google determines your site rankings.
How do these two factors play a crucial part in your result-oriented web design?
Apart from travel agents or corporate secretaries looking to get a better group/corporate rates, it has become a rarity for travellers to go check a hotel's website nowadays. Mostly, they'll go to hotel booking sites, compare prices and impose filters (budget, special deals, central location, etc.) and conveniently book a room from there.
If customers happen to land on your website's homepage, do you think they will experience a hassle-free, instant, and convenient booking process, better than the ones provided by hotel booking sites?
The truth is, customers will only visit your website if they are already interested in your premise but want to know more details either about the experience or the facilities. This means, the customers already know (more or less) the hotel's basic facilities and general room specifications.
However, a lot of hotel websites are still making the same mistakes of providing too much information about the state of their rooms, restaurants, and other facilities on the homepage, making this page practically useless and only adding distraction to the main goal: customer makes a booking from the website, right now.
If customers land on your website because they want to make an informed decision, how fast can they be convinced to act?
Now that you've factored in a seamless booking experience and fast navigation on your hotel website, design it with 'mobile' in mind first. Ask your web designer to submit a design that will work best on mobile first. Only when you're happy with that, expand or customize it to the desktop version.
"Why not doing it the usual way", you might ask. "Just design it for desktop first and then optimize it for mobile?" Well, the answer is simple. And we're talking about two important points here.
First, with Google's mobile-first indexing and the way people are doing more mobile-booking over the years, you want to design a mobile-first website. Criteo's Travel Flash Report in 2017 reveals how online travel agents' share on mobile bookings impressively increases to 61%, and only 11% for hotels. Online travel agents are raking all the fortunes with their user-friendly mobile apps and seamless browsing and booking process–while most hotels, frustratingly, seems to be oblivious about how they are lagging so far behind.
Second, when you are forced to design a website for mobile first, you will simplify everything. Whether it's text, image, video, form–when you design for mobile first, you will look at the structure with a different mindset. You will think in terms of priority, user-friendliness, velocity, and simplicity: something that is almost impossible to have when you design for desktop first (oh, so much space and pages and possibilities to display tons of beautiful pictures and narratives!).
First, a seamless browsing and booking experience matching those of hotel booking sites. The goal is for people to book right there and then.
This means excellent and speedy booking experience (no more than 2 clicks to book a room) and having this booking form as the 'highlight' of your homepage for fast navigation. How can you persuade people to click book immediately? What kind of information to appear close to the booking form that can increase people's tendency to click book instantly? Remember, when there are too many call-to-actions, you are distracting instead of directing.
Second, a solid content strategy that helps your SEO and SEM organically. Here is the goal: whenever people type questions or seek more information they cannot find on hotel booking sites, they'll be directed to a page containing that particular information on your hotel website.
This means having a solid monitoring system in place to find out keyword trends and popular searches related to your hotel. This can also include searches on the area/city where your hotel is located, travel-related experiences in that area/city, or an event/conference your hotel is hosting.
Think about these searches when you're thinking about content strategy. Think about what people are searching for that you can also benefit from, then provide a way for them to feed them with relevant information.
For instance, when people are searching for certain conferences or events in a city where your hotel is located (or even in your own hotel), will they be able to stumble into that information on your website along with an offer to book a room with a special event/conference package?
Third, a mobile-first hotel website design. Here is the goal: to increase the chance for your (potential) customers to book right there and there, on their mobile device.
This screams seamless, simple, and fast. When you design your hotel website with mobile-first in mind, on the upside, you will make your desktop website way more effective and efficient, too. Mobile first, then optimize it for the desktop — not the other way around.


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Mourinho plays down Champions League hopes
Jose Mourinho has played down Manchester United's chances of Champions League glory, saying English domestic fixture congestion will work against the three-time European champions.
The Premier League pacesetters are set to open their campaign against Swiss champions Basel at Old Trafford on Tuesday after qualifying for the competition by winning the Europa League.
Mourinho rested key players in Premier League matches towards the end of last season in order to save them for Europe, which he believed offered their best chance of Champions League qualification.
Real Madrid and Juventus, who contested last season's Champions League final, were also able to keep players fresh for Europe but still won their domestic leagues, while United finished sixth.
According to Mourinho, both Real and Juve enjoyed an easier domestic schedule, pointing to the lack of a winter break in England.
"The only thing I can say is that Real Madrid last year played the last month in La Liga with the second team," he said. "They could do it. And they arrived in the Champions League final with a fresh team.
"Juventus, because they were champions in Italy three months in advance, they could play… with the second team and arrive fresh for the quarter-final, the semi-final, the final of the Champions League."
The United boss said it was impossible for English teams to do likewise because usually competition in the domestic game remained fierce until the end of the season.
Mourinho said he had "no complaints" about how English football was set up and that he had the option to rest players.
"I know it goes against us but I have to admit I love the English Christmas period of football," said the United boss.
"And then there is the fact that we have to play many times two days before the big matches in Europe and then other countries protect their clubs."
Midfielder Marouane Fellaini has been struggling lately with a calf problem, and Mourinho appeared to express irritation with Belgium manager Roberto Martinez for fielding him in the recent World Cup qualifying win over Greece despite the injury.
"He had a problem in the national team and he played against Greece and after the match, he felt the problem," Mourinho said.
Asked if Fellaini had the problem before the Greece game, Mourinho said: "Yes." He added: "When the players go to the national team, they belong to the national team."
Goalkeeper David de Gea is set to be United's first-choice goalkeeper in Europe, with Mourinho confirming he will not repeat his selection policy of last season, when back-up Sergio Romero played in the Europa League.
De Gea said that it was tough for United's players to watch the Champions League last season, with the club not involved.
He said: "It was hard to watch the Champions League games on the TV last season. For a club such as Manchester United not to be in the games was hard but now we are back and motivated to bring Champions League games to Old Trafford. We need to play our best football to win the games."
Nobody could have looted like Jonathan – APC
Rihanna headlines NY Fashion Week day four


text:
Readers ask: How Was The First Basketball Made?
1 When was the first basketball created?
2 Was basketball invented by a black man?
3 Who was the first person to dunk a basketball?
4 What country did basketball originate from?
5 Who invented school?
6 What are the 5 violations in basketball?
7 What is the most important skill in basketball?
8 Who is CEO of NBA?
9 Who scored the first 3 pointer in NBA history?
10 Is NBA Only in America?
11 When did the first black man play basketball?
When was the first basketball created?
Basketball is built into the fabric of Springfield College. The game was invented by Springfield College instructor and graduate student James Naismith in 1891, and has grown into the worldwide athletic phenomenon we know it to be today.
Was basketball invented by a black man?
Black Americans have "invented" basketball just as much, or more than, Naismith did. "Basketball was originally invented as a white man's game." This quote from Michael Novack's The Joy of Sports is featured on the first page of Nelson George's Elevating the Game.
Who was the first person to dunk a basketball?
Try watching this video on www.youtube.com, or enable JavaScript if it is disabled in your browser. Kurland may be credited with basketball's first dunk, but the first one made in an organized basketball game belongs to the NBA's Joe Fortenberry.
What country did basketball originate from?
The only major sport strictly of U.S. origin, basketball was invented by James Naismith (1861–1939) on or about December 1, 1891, at the International Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA) Training School (now Springfield College), Springfield, Massachusetts, where Naismith was an instructor in physical education.
You might be interested: How Do Betting Lines Work In Basketball?
Who invented school?
Credit for our modern version of the school system usually goes to Horace Mann. When he became Secretary of Education in Massachusetts in 1837, he set forth his vision for a system of professional teachers who would teach students an organized curriculum of basic content.
What are the 5 violations in basketball?
What are the different violations in basketball?
Out-of-bounds: being the last player to touch the ball before it goes out-of-bounds.
Double dribble: dribbling the ball before picking it up and dribbling again.
Carry: scooping the ball to carry it while dribbling.
What is the most important skill in basketball?
Important Basketball Skills
Shooting. Let's face it, shooting may be the most important skill to have.
Passing. Since basketball is a team sport, passing is an aspect that you're just going to have to learn.
Dribbling. Dribbling is easily the most important skill for any basketball player to master.
Footwork.
Who is CEO of NBA?
The Commissioner of the NBA is the chief executive of the National Basketball Association (NBA). The current commissioner is Adam Silver, who succeeded David Stern on February 1, 2014.
Commissioner of the NBA
Incumbent Adam Silver since February 1, 2014
Inaugural holder Maurice Podoloff
Formation 1946
Deputy Mark Tatum
Who scored the first 3 pointer in NBA history?
Chris Ford of the Boston Celtics is credited with making the first three-point shot in NBA history on October 12, 1979. The season opener at Boston Garden was more remarkable for the debut of Larry Bird (and two new head coaches).
You might be interested: Who Wins The Ncaa Basketball Championship?
Is NBA Only in America?
The National Basketball Association (NBA) is a professional basketball league in North America. The league is composed of 30 teams (29 in the United States and 1 in Canada) and is one of the four major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada.
When did the first black man play basketball?
On October 31, 1950, 21-year-old Earl Lloyd becomes the first African American to play in an NBA game when he takes the court in the season opener for the Washington Capitols.
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Backyard weddings are always my favorite. The work that went into Camden and Megan's wedding from family and friends was so beautiful to see. I met so many lovely and generous people. Thank you so much you two for letting me document your day.


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Home » Uncategorized » Changing how fans follow Michigan football
Changing how fans follow Michigan football
by ANDY REID November 18, 2008 April 20, 2021
Unlike professional journalists, Brian Cook doesn't have to worry about the decline of print media and the buyouts and layoffs that have accompanied it.
PHOTOS BY SAM WOLSON/Daily
Brian Cook, the creator of mgoblog.com
A graduate from the University's School of Engineering and the proprietor of a blog about Michigan football called mgoblog.com, Cook quit his job as an engineer as soon as he figured out that revenue from the website could cover rent and groceries.
Since then, mgoblog.com has become substantially more popular, and Cook has begun writing a fan-based column for AOL.com and has started a season preview book for every football season.
Not too shabby for a Michigan fan who started a blogspot.com account as a hobby. But then again, the story of an obscure blogger breaking into the mainstream isn't one we haven't heard before.
To put it simply, Cook's website has become the place for Michigan football coverage. In just a few years, he has overthrown the ranks of professional journalists who cover the team, representing a drastic change in the culture of news coverage (in this case, the coverage of Michigan football), a change that most major newspapers have yet to adapt to. Traditional sports coverage is vulnerable to new competition in its own way. As Cook has shown, a guy in the stands can have an edge over the big-name columnists in the press box.
With the Internet, people have come to expect more information, something the highly analytical mgoblog.com provides en masse. The Michigan football blogosphere has demanded attention, encouraging the establishment of several other popular sites like Varsity Blue, Maize n' Brew and UMTailgate. Cook said that the Michigan fanbase — with the sheer number of alumni who are wealthy, tech-savvy, avid football fans — is the perfect following for blogs.
Even Michigan football coach Rich Rodriguez has taken notice.
"It's a lot more bolder what people would say and write," Rodriguez said in Monday's press conference. "Not you (journalists), but bloggers or whatever, than it used to be. We've seen it coming for a few years."
Infinite room VS. page constraints
Newspapers just can't keep up with the depth and breadth of coverage that Cook and other Michigan bloggers provide.
"Whenever I read a newspaper, they never really went past a shallow understanding of the game," Cook said. "I never actually learned anything from a newspaper about why these things happened the way they did and what you can expect from the future."
Despite — or as Cook said, because of — mgoblog.com's niche market and very technical football talk, the site gets about 50,000 page views a day. With circulation and page space in the print newspaper industry dwindling across the country, and newspapers still struggling to find a strong foothold online, more and more people are flocking to sites like mgoblog.com to get thorough coverage of Michigan sports.
What the blogs' readers are finding is a type of coverage that is yet to grace the websites of the Detroit Free Press or The Detroit News.
"Our blogging and the way we do it, is we just want to get news up there first," said Mark Snyder, the Michigan football and men's basketball beat reporter for the Detroit Free Press. "But some of these blogs are so thorough that they're breaking down plays and posting feeds from the game. And that's more intricate than anything we post online."
Cook has a weekly feature on his blog called "Upon Further Review," which is one of the blog's most in-depth and popular segments. In the post, he breaks down every single play — offense and defense — from all of Michigan's games. Cook said that, in order for the Free Press to do something similar, the paper would have to hire someone in addition to the beat reporter who has extensive knowledge of the X's and O's of the game.
With the day-to-day grind of beat reporting, that type of depth is almost impossible for newspapers to imitate. Here's a typical workday for Snyder — on the Monday before the Northwestern football game, he attended a nearly two-and-a-half-hour-long press conference, filing a story right there. Snyder then stayed at the building, transcribing football quotes and working until the basketball presser took place at 3 p.m. After the press conference, Snyder attended basketball practice, finally leaving after nine hours and still needing to file a story about the basketball team. That's time Cook can spend analyzing plays and breaking down each game, while relying on reporters like Snyder to uncover the day-to-day business of the team.
Nowadays, a newspaper might publish one or two articles on a non-gameday, which isn't enough to meet the demands of the avid fans who haved tuned to the blogosphere.
Cook said that if his coverage of Michigan football is one extreme, traditional newspaper beat reporting is the other. In order to find an effective strategy to meet readers' needs, newspapers need to find a happy medium between the two.
But it's not just the depth of coverage that has to change — according to Cook, it's the whole style of writing that needs a facelift, starting with the column. He called the 600-word, quick-hitting, short-paragraph style that newspaper columnists use "archaic."
"It's off-putting, it's arrogant and it often results in poorly researched, poorly asserted and poorly reasoned columns," Cook said. "You have 600 words, and you have to try to get your little 'Jim Rome on paper' thing, and most of what comes out is just bad."
Space isn't an issue on the Internet. If necessary, Cook can write 1,000 words or 10,000 words to get his point across. He can also use links, pictures, diagrams, play-calling breakdowns and bold and italics font
But most important, Cook utilizes his own avid fandom to present a column that newspaper writers can't.
The Everyman's sports beat
Cook and other bloggers use the pronoun "we" to talk about the team out of recognition that they are not syndicated sports columnist Mitch Albom, but rather they are regular fans writing to — and to represent — other fans.
"My game columns are written from the perspective of someone experiencing the same emotions you are," Cook said. "Newspapers don't do that. They experience games as sportswriters, as objectivity mavens, that sort of thing. They don't say 'Fuck.' No one at a newspaper has ever screamed 'Fuck' at a Michigan game, and getting an opinion from someone who has done that is sort of empowering in a way."
He's not overly biased — his posts are critical of the Wolverines when necessary — but there's no doubt that Cook is a fan, and he believes that is one of the blog's biggest strengths over objective journalism.
Readers can automatically relate to bloggers like Cook, because he's writing as one of them. With journalism's rigid, albeit necessary, commitment to objectivity, fans can have a hard time relating to columnists who need to put aside personal preference to scrutinize a game.
Cook himself may have put print journalism's problems best on his site. In a June 28 post entitled "Why Does Drew Sharp Have A Job?" Cook had this to say about the Detroit Free Press columnist whom he regularly lambasts on his blog: "Sharp's a dinosaur from the days when readers had a choice of Paper A or Paper B, the prime numero-uno example of why lazy-ass columnists rage against the internet: it exposes how very much they suck and provides alternative sources of attention."
Losing the tech edge
Newspapers weren't always struggling to catch up with media technology. Although The Detroit News — along with almost every national paper — can't quite figure out how to adapt its print coverage to the Internet, it was one of the first papers to embrace other mediums that drastically changed journalism.
On August 20, 1920, when the idea that radio could be used as a household amenity was still in its infancy, the United States Department of Commerce accepted a request by The Detroit News for an amateur radio license. Thus, the paper became the first in the nation to purchase and operate a radio station, buying the 200-meter broadcast channel 8MK, which is now known as WWJ, the only 24-hour commercial news radio station in Michigan.
Experimenting with how broadcast radio could be used in journalism's future, 8MK became one of the first stations in the country to broadcast news reports, sports broadcasts and religious programming. The paper was less than 50 years old at the time, and the purchase of the station was an attempt to stay ahead of the curve in information accessibility. Obviously, looking toward the future paid off — in the '20s and '30s, radio consumption exploded.
The Detroit News made a similar move in 1947, creating the first television station in the state of Michigan, WWJ-TV.
But the Internet is a different story. Sure, the major metro newspapers have their own websites, but the content is no different from what makes the print edition on that particular day. Free Press football writer Snyder hasn't ever explored the possibility of video stories on the Detroit Free Press's website, which doesn't offer much web-only content other than photo galleries and links to non-competitive, related news sources.
Whereas the Detroit-area newspapers have historically been on the cusp of media technology, the Internet simply hasn't been an asset, yet.
Clinging to the local touch
Associate Athletic Director Bruce Madej said that newspapers need to look back at their own history in order to move forward. Adapting to new technologies by exploring video and other options the Internet presents is a given, but Madej said the key to attracting readers online is putting an emphasis on the coverage that has been lost because of the dwindling size of print editions.
The Detroit papers and the Ann Arbor News cover Michigan football and men's basketball, but every other sport has been cut because of lack of space. The Ann Arbor News covered the Wolverines' hockey team up until last year, but cut the hockey beat reporter position after a season in which Michigan went to the Frozen Four.
"You know, we have Big Ten champions that, other than (The Michigan Daily), don't get covered at all," Madej said. "There's some great stories and human interest pieces on some of those teams."
On the surface, it would seem that most people don't care to read about a champion cross country runner or the volleyball team, but Madej sees it differently. These athletes are in the community, and readers will respond positively to a local touch, regardless of the sport. Of course, they'll still want football coverage, but with unlimited space on the Internet, major papers could hang on to local readers by covering smaller, Olympic sports like wrestling, swimming and track.
Whatever the future holds for the local papers — less space in the print edition, tighter budget to cover sporting events, lower circulation or another bleak possibility yet to emerge — one thing is for sure: The Internet is going to be vital to the success, or failure, of each one.
It's up to them whether or not they can figure out how to use it.
SACUA returns to talk long COVID-19, department transfers at U-M Flint
In pass coverage, Michigan's linebackers are trying to fix their weakness
Wallace House hosts discussion with Linda Villarosa on racial health disparities in the U.S.


Packrafting means different things to different paddlers. We look forward to addressing your questions on products and their use. Model, size and configuration as well as accessories are all critical and depend on your planned use. For anything beyond the general product description and the FAQs as well as your order, handling and care call us!
Viewing and tests - try before you buy!
For many a packraft is a new type of watercraft and a major investment. If you can get to Leipzig or Dresden in Eastern Germany, we are happy to let you try. Please contact us for an appointment. There are also test boats available for nearby water. As a trial option we even rent them out by mail for a cost based service charge, up to a weekend the rate will be deducted from any future boat purchase within 12 months.
Packrafts are simple boats and are best when kept that way. However, if you have any modification requirements then check our workshop or send us an enquiry for further discussing. For repairs which are not covered by warranty we also have the appropriate experience.
Packrafting is a niche activity but our supply of special products in the store is comprehensive. What is not listed can be ordered. If you have a non-standard colour, size or configuration we can pass this on. By our personal experiences we can also recommend products at other stores.
Returns and cancellations are straightforward. Details are found in our General Terms and Conditions. Please contact us beforehand.
We focus on distribution within the European Union but we can deliver to places like Switzerland, Norway or Ukraine and even overseas. Customs charges lie in your responsibility but you are eligible for the deduction of German VAT on selecting delivery outside the EU.


The Canberra Alliance wants to change how governance works to deliver the best possible outcomes for society and our planet. We aim to start a movement to bring about the changes needed to do this. Fundamental to building a successful movement is to identify possible allies and where possible build lasting collaborative relationships with them, at the same time helping other organisations more successfully achieve their own objectives. Allies can include individuals and organisations.
A stronger network of civil society organisations able to collaborate for the common good in the political action domain.
build alliances that we could call on for non-partisan political action in the future.
Ongoing through 2018 and 2019, hold relational meetings and conversations with individuals and organisations who we identify as likely to be sympathetic to our cause.


Fonds consists of correspondence, constituency records, personal records, Ontario Liberal Party records, speeches and photographs created and accumulated by Dalton McGuinty in various professional capacities and in his personal life. Records were created and accumulated by McGuinty in his roles as MPP for Ottawa South, leader of the Official Opposition party in the Ontario Legislature, leader of the Ontario Liberal Party, and as a private citizen.
Fonds includes correspondence created by McGuinty as leader of the Official Opposition and as an MPP for Ottawa South, as well as personal correspondence between Dalton McGuinty and friends, colleagues, supporters and others, such as David Suzuki, Lincoln Alexander, Peter Munk, Jack Layton and Ken Shaw. Correspondence covers topics such as: concerns of constituents, Ontario Liberal Party positions, birthday greetings, letters of thanks, congratulation, condolence and sympathy, and responses to letters congratulating McGuinty on 20 years of public service.
Fonds also includes annotated remarks given by McGuinty in his role as leader of the Ontario Liberal Party to guests at Ontario Liberal Party fundraisers and events, and surveys and questionnaires created by party stakeholders and sent to Dalton McGuinty in his role as leader of the Ontario Liberal Party.
Photographs in the fonds consist of personal copies of photographs of Dalton McGuinty accumulated by him during his career. Photographs depict McGuinty with individuals, groups, visiting dignitaries and celebrities, as well as in studio portraits.
Electronic records in the fonds consist of a media guide to the 1999 Ontario Liberal Party campaign. They include textual records detailing the various candidates, as well as photographs of each candidate and Ontario Liberal Party branding.
Dalton James Patrick McGuinty, Jr., (born July 19, 1955) is a Canadian politician who was the 24th Premier of Ontario from 2003 to 2013, Leader of the Opposition in Ontario from December 1, 1996 to October 23, 2003, and represented the riding of Ottawa South as a Member of Provincial Parliament from September 6, 1990 to June 12, 2013.
The fonds was donated to the Archives of Ontario by Dalton McGuinty in 2013.
Fonds title based on content of fonds.


text:
<title>vorbisfile - Example Code</title>
<link rel=stylesheet href="style.css" type="text/css">

Vorbisfile documentation

vorbisfile version 1.2.0 - 20070723

Example Code: seeking

The following is a run-through of the seeking example program supplied
with vorbisfile - seeking_test.c.
This program tests the vorbisfile ov_time_seek function by seeking to random points within the file.

First, relevant headers, including vorbis-specific "codec.h" and "vorbisfile.h" have to be included.

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include "vorbis/codec.h"
#include "vorbis/vorbisfile.h"

Inside main(), we declare our primary OggVorbis_File structure.  We also declare other helpful variables to track our progress within the file.

int main(){
  OggVorbis_File ov;
  int i;

This example takes its input on stdin which is in 'text' mode by default under Windows; this will corrupt the input data unless set to binary mode.  This applies only to Windows.

#ifdef _WIN32 /* We need to set stdin to binary mode under Windows */
  _setmode( _fileno( stdin ), _O_BINARY );
#endif

ov_open() must be
called to initialize the OggVorbis_File structure with default values.
ov_open_callbacks() also checks to ensure that we're reading Vorbis format and not something else.

  if(ov_open_callbacks(stdin,&ov,NULL,-1, OV_CALLBACKS_NOCLOSE)<0){
    printf("Could not open input as an OggVorbis file.\n\n");
    exit(1);
  }

First we check to make sure the stream is seekable using ov_seekable.

Then we seek to 100 random spots in the bitstream using ov_time_seek with randomly generated values.

  /* print details about each logical bitstream in the input */
  if(ov_seekable(&ov)){
    double length=ov_time_total(&ov,-1);
    printf("testing seeking to random places in %g seconds....\n",length);
    for(i=0;i<100;i++){
      double val=(double)rand()/RAND_MAX*length;
      ov_time_seek(&ov,val);
      printf("\r\t%d [%gs]...     ",i,val);
      fflush(stdout);
    }

    printf("\r                                   \nOK.\n\n");
  }else{
    printf("Standard input was not seekable.\n");
  }

When we're done seeking, we need to call ov_clear() to release the bitstream.

  ov_clear(&ov);
  return 0;
}

The full source for seeking_test.c can be found with the vorbis
distribution in seeking_test.c.

copyright © 2007 Xiph.org

Ogg Vorbis
team@vorbis.org

Vorbisfile documentation

vorbisfile version 1.2.0 - 20070723

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


It might have been a busy past few days, but there were no signs of flagging at the Raffles London Fashion Week Closing Party. Jack Guinness kept half of Chelsea (and half the MIC cast) dancing on their Choos by blasting out Sean Paul and Beyonce, then spent the rest of the night nattering to Cheska Hull and Gabriel Asquith about wanting to front a dating show like Man O Man. Despite feeling a tad exhausted, nobody felt like leaving until the bouncers absolutely insisted.


Insulation blowing machines, amplifier vacuum stations and other X-Floc products can be handled and combined in many different ways. Some machines should include additional options depending on the application.
Reducer and extension tubes are installed in the airlock outlet of the insulation blowing machine and function with both smaller and bigger conveyor hoses possible. The installation is possible in every X-Floc insulation blowing machine.
Sack support and dust-reducing covers make feeding of an insulation blowing machine much easier. The dust-reducing cover prevents dust from reaching the feeding area. If needed, a dust extraction system can also be installed.
We offer solutions for all compact machines. The bigger machines are already equipped with these options.
Our remote controls for insulation blowing machines have a high transmission security and bidirectional digital radio technology. They offer precise and individual adjustment options, have a low weight and a practically designed casing.
All insulation blowing machines can be equipped with the remote controls (FFB2000-Pro and FFB500). We can also make modifications for machines from other manufacturers for the use of an X-Floc remote control.
For our pneumatic fibre Switch, we provide the FFB2. Using this remote control, an amplifier/vacuum station, another attachment device or a foreign machine can be controlled.
X-Floc insulation blowing machines and other machines can be equipped with cable controls. The use of such controls can be very practical and useful on building sites where there are often difficult radio conditions.
We provide three manual controls with the cabling: KFB3, KFB30 and KFB2000. We also have suitable extensions cables in our product range.
Exhibition models demonstrate the blowing insulation techniques at fairs and seminars. Our exhibition models are compatible with the insulation blowing machines series M99, M95 and EM300.
Our suction drums can be used for cleaning the building site. They are combinable with amplifier/vacuum stations or insulation blowing machines which can aspirate at the suction hood. The dismantling of old building materials, filling or insulation material are also dealt with in this way.
Another application is as a waste hold-up tank for dust extraction at an insulation blowing machine.
We provide both 115 L and 250 L volumes. The suction drums are delivered with suitable woven polypropylene sacks and connection pieces.
We have a wide range of machine accessories and upgrade options which are not all featured on here.


text:
Robot workcell for transplanting of seedlings. Part II. End-effector development
K. C. Ting, G. A. Giacomelli, S. J. Shen, W. P. Kabala
The successful integration of a robot with seedling transplanting requires an operational end-effector. Two types of grippers were designed in this study for seedling picking, holding, and planting during robotic transplanting. They were called 'Swinging Needles' and 'Sliding Needles', respectively. The Sliding Needles gripper was found to be functionally superior to the Swinging Needles for seedling transplanting. Further study was done to incorporate a seedling sensing capability to the Sliding Needles gripper. A capacitive proximity sensor was selected and its sensing capability tested on plant materials. The sensor was found to have satisfactory performance in terms of detecting seedlings held by the gripper. The sensor and the gripper were then integrated to become a final end-effector design called 'Sliding Needles with Sensor'. A prototype of the final design version was tested. The gripper was adaptable to a wide range of seedling sizes and shapes. The sensor on the gripper assured that the growing flats were transplanted, with seedlings of satisfactory quality.
Transactions of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers
Dive into the research topics of 'Robot workcell for transplanting of seedlings. Part II. End-effector development'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Seedlings Medicine & Life Sciences 100%
seedling transplanting Agriculture & Biology 95%
robots Agriculture & Biology 79%
Grippers Engineering & Materials Science 76%
End effectors Engineering & Materials Science 67%
seedling Earth & Environmental Sciences 65%
sensors (equipment) Agriculture & Biology 61%
Needles Engineering & Materials Science 57%
Ting, K. C., Giacomelli, G. A., Shen, S. J., & Kabala, W. P. (1990). Robot workcell for transplanting of seedlings. Part II. End-effector development. Transactions of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 33(3), 1013-1017.
Robot workcell for transplanting of seedlings. Part II. End-effector development. / Ting, K. C.; Giacomelli, G. A.; Shen, S. J.; Kabala, W. P.
In: Transactions of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers, Vol. 33, No. 3, 01.05.1990, p. 1013-1017.
Ting, KC, Giacomelli, GA, Shen, SJ & Kabala, WP 1990, 'Robot workcell for transplanting of seedlings. Part II. End-effector development', Transactions of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers, vol. 33, no. 3, pp. 1013-1017.
Ting KC, Giacomelli GA, Shen SJ, Kabala WP. Robot workcell for transplanting of seedlings. Part II. End-effector development. Transactions of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers. 1990 May 1;33(3):1013-1017.
Ting, K. C. ; Giacomelli, G. A. ; Shen, S. J. ; Kabala, W. P. / Robot workcell for transplanting of seedlings. Part II. End-effector development. In: Transactions of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers. 1990 ; Vol. 33, No. 3. pp. 1013-1017.
@article{b70e596d08594473b44d643433e280e6,
title = "Robot workcell for transplanting of seedlings. Part II. End-effector development",
abstract = "The successful integration of a robot with seedling transplanting requires an operational end-effector. Two types of grippers were designed in this study for seedling picking, holding, and planting during robotic transplanting. They were called 'Swinging Needles' and 'Sliding Needles', respectively. The Sliding Needles gripper was found to be functionally superior to the Swinging Needles for seedling transplanting. Further study was done to incorporate a seedling sensing capability to the Sliding Needles gripper. A capacitive proximity sensor was selected and its sensing capability tested on plant materials. The sensor was found to have satisfactory performance in terms of detecting seedlings held by the gripper. The sensor and the gripper were then integrated to become a final end-effector design called 'Sliding Needles with Sensor'. A prototype of the final design version was tested. The gripper was adaptable to a wide range of seedling sizes and shapes. The sensor on the gripper assured that the growing flats were transplanted, with seedlings of satisfactory quality.",
author = "Ting, {K. C.} and Giacomelli, {G. A.} and Shen, {S. J.} and Kabala, {W. P.}",
journal = "Transactions of the ASABE",
publisher = "American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers",
T1 - Robot workcell for transplanting of seedlings. Part II. End-effector development
AU - Ting, K. C.
AU - Giacomelli, G. A.
AU - Shen, S. J.
AU - Kabala, W. P.
N2 - The successful integration of a robot with seedling transplanting requires an operational end-effector. Two types of grippers were designed in this study for seedling picking, holding, and planting during robotic transplanting. They were called 'Swinging Needles' and 'Sliding Needles', respectively. The Sliding Needles gripper was found to be functionally superior to the Swinging Needles for seedling transplanting. Further study was done to incorporate a seedling sensing capability to the Sliding Needles gripper. A capacitive proximity sensor was selected and its sensing capability tested on plant materials. The sensor was found to have satisfactory performance in terms of detecting seedlings held by the gripper. The sensor and the gripper were then integrated to become a final end-effector design called 'Sliding Needles with Sensor'. A prototype of the final design version was tested. The gripper was adaptable to a wide range of seedling sizes and shapes. The sensor on the gripper assured that the growing flats were transplanted, with seedlings of satisfactory quality.
AB - The successful integration of a robot with seedling transplanting requires an operational end-effector. Two types of grippers were designed in this study for seedling picking, holding, and planting during robotic transplanting. They were called 'Swinging Needles' and 'Sliding Needles', respectively. The Sliding Needles gripper was found to be functionally superior to the Swinging Needles for seedling transplanting. Further study was done to incorporate a seedling sensing capability to the Sliding Needles gripper. A capacitive proximity sensor was selected and its sensing capability tested on plant materials. The sensor was found to have satisfactory performance in terms of detecting seedlings held by the gripper. The sensor and the gripper were then integrated to become a final end-effector design called 'Sliding Needles with Sensor'. A prototype of the final design version was tested. The gripper was adaptable to a wide range of seedling sizes and shapes. The sensor on the gripper assured that the growing flats were transplanted, with seedlings of satisfactory quality.
JO - Transactions of the ASABE
JF - Transactions of the ASABE


Well you have your hoverboard (self-balancing scooter), but since it is on the stock design, looks plain. If you are looking to make yours into something custom and unique that will turn heads this is just the place to be. Here is how I customized mine into the beauty that it is for just twenty dollars.
What You Do: Begin in the area of your board where the power button and charging port are located. Cover the area with the duct tape and use the X-Acto knife to cut the area back out. The knife is favorable in this scenario as it gives you the ability to get more precise cuts with ease. The next thing you need to do is tape the bottom of the board.
There is no exact pattern to this because of the pattern of the duct tape chosen, but it may vary depending on the tape you chose as the aim is to ensure that nobody can notice where the tape begins and ends. In my case, taping begun from the center of the wheel, flowing slowly towards the center of the board. Use the X-Acto knife to clear up the overhung tape. This is to prevent your scooter from getting tangled up or picking up debris as you ride.
The next thing is to cover the side of the board that has the lights. Use the knife to cut out the parts of the tape that are covering the lights. This is a delicate part as you need to be keen not to scratch up your lights. The final thing is to place the sticker deals on the bumper as precisely as possible. The best thing about this method is that the tape can be replaced if it is damaged or interchanged with a different one to switch up the designs.
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