text:
Q: Flutter recognize touch events inside Donut chart
I have Custom Painter that draws a donut chart like the above picture.
I am using
canvas.drawArc(Rect.fromCircle(center: center, radius: radius),
          startRadian, radians[i], true, paint);
for drawing this.
Is there any possible way to detect a touch event inside any of these Arcs?
If its a Rect  I can use rect.contains(offset) , but here it's all Arcs.
Note: I have access to Touch coordinates by wrapping custom painter inside GestureDetector, all I want is to distinguish the touch inside any of this Arc and highlight them accordingly.

A:
Here is my solution, it's not perfect but it's working :)
import 'dart:math';

import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import 'dart:math' as math;

import 'package:symex_management/core/models/product_performance.dart';

class DonutChart extends StatefulWidget {
  final List<ProductPerformance> productData;

  DonutChart(this.productData);
  @override
  _DonutChartState createState() => new _DonutChartState();
}

class _DonutChartState extends State<DonutChart> {
  TapDownDetails tapDetails;

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Column(
      crossAxisAlignment: CrossAxisAlignment.stretch,
      children: <Widget>[
        Row(
          mainAxisAlignment: MainAxisAlignment.center,
          children: <Widget>[
            Container(
              padding: EdgeInsets.all(20),
              height: 250,
              width: 250,
              child: GestureDetector(
                onTapDown: (tapDetails) {
                  setState(() {
                    this.tapDetails = tapDetails;
                  });
                },
                child: CustomPaint(
                  painter: DonutChartPainter(widget.productData,
                      tapDetails: tapDetails),
                ),
              ),
            )
          ],
        ),
        getLegends(widget.productData)
      ],
    );
  }

  Widget getLegends(List<ProductPerformance> items) {
    return new Wrap(
        spacing: 5,
        runSpacing: 5,
        alignment: WrapAlignment.spaceBetween,
        children: items.map((item) {
          return Row(
            mainAxisSize: MainAxisSize.min,
            children: <Widget>[
              Container(
                width: 10,
                height: 10,
                decoration: BoxDecoration(
                  gradient: LinearGradient(colors: item.gradient),
                ),
              ),
              SizedBox(
                width: 5,
              ),
              Text(
                item.productName,
                style: TextStyle(color: Colors.white, fontSize: 12),
              )
            ],
          );
        }).toList());
  }
}

const double radians2Degrees = 180.0 / math.pi;
double degrees(double radians) => radians * radians2Degrees;

const double degrees2Radians = math.pi / 180.0;
double radian(double degrees) => degrees * degrees2Radians;

class DonutChartPainter extends CustomPainter {
  TapDownDetails tapDetails;
  List<ProductPerformance> productData;
  List<Arc> arcData;

  DonutChartPainter(this.productData, {this.tapDetails});

  @override
  void paint(Canvas canvas, Size size) {
    var paint = Paint();
    var center = Offset(
      size.width / 2,
      size.height / 2,
    );

    var centerRadius = size.width * 1 / 5;
    var radius = centerRadius + (((size.width / 2) - centerRadius) / 2);

    var arcRadius = (size.width / 2) - centerRadius;

    prepareArcData(productData, tapDetails, center, centerRadius, radius);

    paint.style = PaintingStyle.stroke;
    paint.strokeWidth = arcRadius;

    for (var arc in arcData.where((item) => !item.hasShadow)) {
      paint.shader = arc.gradient
          .createShader(Rect.fromCircle(center: center, radius: radius));

      canvas.drawArc(Rect.fromCircle(center: center, radius: radius),
          arc.startRadian, arc.radianValue, false, paint);
    }

    for (var arc in arcData.where((item) => item.hasShadow)) {
      paint.shader = null;
      paint.maskFilter = MaskFilter.blur(BlurStyle.normal, 5 * 0.57735 + 0.5);
      paint.color = Colors.black38;

      canvas.drawArc(Rect.fromCircle(center: center, radius: radius + 1),
          arc.startRadian - 0.001, arc.radianValue + 0.01, false, paint);

      paint.maskFilter = null;
      paint.color = Colors.black;
      paint.shader = arc.gradient
          .createShader(Rect.fromCircle(center: center, radius: radius));
      canvas.drawArc(Rect.fromCircle(center: center, radius: radius),
          arc.startRadian, arc.radianValue, false, paint);
    }
    paint.blendMode = BlendMode.srcOver;
    paint.shader = null;
    paint.style = PaintingStyle.fill;
    paint.color = Colors.white;
    canvas.drawCircle(center, centerRadius, paint);
    paint.color = Colors.white30;
    canvas.drawCircle(center, centerRadius + 10, paint);

    for (var arc in arcData.where((item) => item.hasShadow)) {
      paint.color = Colors.black;
      final textStyle = TextStyle(
        color: Colors.black87,
        fontWeight: FontWeight.w600,
        fontSize: 13,
      );
      final textSpan = TextSpan(
        text: arc.performanceValue + '\n' + arc.label,
        style: textStyle,
      );
      final textSpan1 = TextSpan(
        text: arc.label,
        style: textStyle,
      );
      final textPainter = TextPainter(
        text: textSpan,
        textAlign: TextAlign.center,
        textDirection: TextDirection.ltr,
      );
      textPainter.layout(
        minWidth: 0,
        maxWidth: size.width,
      );

      Offset offset = new Offset(center.dx - (textPainter.width / 2),
          center.dy - (textPainter.height / 2));

      textPainter.paint(canvas, offset);
    }
  }

  @override
  bool shouldRepaint(DonutChartPainter oldDelegate) => true;

  void prepareArcData(
      List<ProductPerformance> productData,
      TapDownDetails tapDetails,
      Offset center,
      double centerRadius,
      double arcRadius) {
    arcData = new List();

    List<int> performanceValues =
        productData.map((e) => e.performanceValue).toList();
    var total = 0.0;
    for (var d in performanceValues) {
      total += d;
    }

    var startRadian = 0.0;

    for (var data in productData) {
      bool hasShadow = false;

      var radianAngle = data.performanceValue * 2 * pi / total;

      if (tapDetails?.localPosition != null) {
        final touchedPoint = tapDetails.localPosition - center;

        final touchX = touchedPoint.dx;
        final touchY = touchedPoint.dy;

        final touchR = math.sqrt(math.pow(touchX, 2) + math.pow(touchY, 2));

        double touchAngle = degrees(math.atan2(touchY, touchX));
        touchAngle =
            touchAngle < 0 ? (180 - touchAngle.abs()) + 180 : touchAngle;
        var sta = degrees(startRadian);
        var end = degrees(startRadian + radianAngle);
        final isInRadius = touchR > 0 && touchR <= arcRadius + centerRadius;

        if ((touchAngle >= sta && end > touchAngle) && isInRadius) {
          hasShadow = true;
        }
      }

      var arc = Arc(
          startRadian,
          radianAngle,
          SweepGradient(
            center: FractionalOffset.center,
            startAngle: startRadian,
            endAngle: startRadian + radianAngle,
            colors: data.gradient,
            stops: [
              0.0,
              0.5,
            ],
          ),
          data.performanceValue.toString(),
          data.productNameWithCountry,
          hasShadow: hasShadow);
      arcData.add(arc);
      startRadian += arc.radianValue;
    }

    if (tapDetails == null) {
      arcData[0].hasShadow = true;
    }
  }
}

class Arc {
  double radians2Degrees = 180.0 / math.pi;

  var hasShadow;
  double toDegrees(double radians) => radians * radians2Degrees;

  double degrees2Radians = math.pi / 180.0;
  double toRadian(double degrees) => degrees * degrees2Radians;

  final double startRadian;
  final double radianValue;
  final String performanceValue;
  final String label;

  final Gradient gradient;

  Arc(this.startRadian, this.radianValue, this.gradient, this.performanceValue,
      this.label,
      {this.hasShadow = false});

  get endRadian => startRadian + radianValue;
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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text:
Partidul Comuniștilor din Republica Moldova (abreviat PCRM) este un partid politic comunist din Republica Moldova, prezent în Parlamentul Republicii Moldova fără întrerupere din anul 1998. Președintele partidului este Vladimir Voronin. Actualmente partidul se află în opoziție, alături de PSRM, cu care au format un bloc electoral pentru a participa la alegerile parlamentare anticipate din 11 iulie 2021, fiind reprezentat de 10 deputați in noul parlament. PCRM este unul dintre cele mai puternice partide comuniste europene actuale, fiind la putere timp de opt ani, între 2001 și 2009.

Este singurul partid comunist care a deținut un guvern majoritar în statele post-sovietice. A fost descris în diverse moduri ca fiind comunist, moldovenist și rusofil.

Afiliat la Uniunea Partidelor Comuniste – Partidul Comunist al Uniunii Sovietice, este, de asemenea, membru al Partidului Stângii Europen și al Reuniunii Internaționale a Partidelor Comuniste și Muncitorești. Spre deosebire de majoritatea partidelor comuniste și de stânga cu vederi similare, în special în lumea occidentală, partidul are o viziune conservatoare asupra problemelor sociale, reflectând opiniile lui Voronin, drepturile scăzute ale LGBT în Moldova, conservatorismul social puternic al țării și influența Bisericii Ortodoxe din Moldova.

Istorie

Înființare
În august 1991, după puciul eșuat de la Moscova, Republica Moldova și-a declarat independența iar Partidul Comunist al Moldovei a fost scos din legalitate.

În 22 octombrie 1993 a avut loc o conferință pentru reînființarea unui partid comunist în Republica Moldova, care să continue ideile partidului comunist al Uniunii Sovietice. Printre autorii ideii și primii membri se numără Vladimir Voronin, Eugenia Ostapciuc, Victor Stepaniuc. Înregistrarea oficială a noului partid, care a primit numele de Partidul Comuniștilor din Republica Moldova, a avut loc în 27 aprilie 1994, când Ministerul Justiției al Republicii Moldova a emis Adeverința de Înregistrare nr. 31.

Ascensiune

Alegerile prezidențiale din 1996

La alegerile prezidențiale din anul 1996 din Republica Moldova, liderul partidului, Vladimir Voronin a acumulat 10,23% din voturi, clasându-se pe locul trei. În turul doi al scrutinului PCRM l-a sprijinit pe Petru Lucinschi, iar ca urmare a victoriei lui Lucinschi, PCRM a primit două fotolii în guvern.

Alegerile parlamentare din 1998

La alegerile parlamentare din martie 1998, PCRM a obținut 30,1% din voturi și 40 de mandate în parlament, devenind partidul cu cei mai mulți membri în parlament. Cu toate acestea, PCRM a rămas în opoziție datorită formării unei coaliții de guvernare de centru-dreapta, Alianța pentru Democrație și Reforme. Deși, mai târziu, în 1999, Lucinschi l-a nominalizat pe Voronin la funcția de Prim-ministru al Republicii Moldova, reușita acestuia a eșuat întrucât nu a avut suficient sprijin în parlament.

Guvernare

Alegerile din 2001

La alegerile parlamentare din 2001, PCRM a obținut 49,9% din voturi, ceea ce a rezultat în 71 din cele 101 de locuri din parlament.

Cu o majoritate parlamentară asigurată de PCRM, Vladimir Voronin a fost ales în funcția de Președinte al Republicii Moldova de către parlament în aprilie 2001. Curtea Constituțională a Republicii Moldova a confirmat că Președintele poate conduce și un partid politic, și, Voronin a fost re-ales ca lider al partidului.

Alegerile din 2005

Către alegerile din 2005, PCRM s-a apropiat în postura de partid aflat la guvernare. PCRM a câștigat alegerile parlamentare din 2005 cu 45,98% din voturi (56 de mandat în parlament), pierzând posibilitatea de a alege președintele unilateral. Totuși, Vladimir Voronin a fost reales în calitate de șef al statului cu 75 de voturi ale deputaților PCRM, PPCD, PDM și PSL. PCRM a mai furnizat și prim-ministrul – Zinaida Greceanîi, dar și Președintele Parlamentului – Marian Lupu. În timpul acestei legislaturi, politica statului promovată de partid s-a schimbat și au fost privatizate o serie de companii de stat. De asemenea, partidul s-a re-orientat către opțiunea de Integrare Europeană.

2009 – an de cotitură

Cu alegerile parlamentare din aprilie 2009 și protestele civile violente, climatul din Moldova a devenit foarte polarizat. La 12 mai 2009, cu votul a celor 60 de deputați PCRM, Voronin a fost ales președinte al Parlamentului Republicii Moldova. În același timp, el a cumulat și postul de președinte în exercițiu al Moldovei până la data de 7 iunie. Parlamentul a eșuat să aleagă un nou președinte. Din această cauză, parlamentul a fost dizolvat și au fost organizate alegeri anticipate. La noul scrutin din 29 iulie, PCRM a obținut 44,7% din voturi. Aceasta le-a adus comuniștilor 48 de mandate din 101, iar cele 53 de fotolii rămase au revenit unui număr de patru partide de opoziție (PLDM – 18 mandate, PL – 15 mandate, PDM – 13 mandate, AMN – 7 mandate), care ulterior au format Alianța pentru Integrare Europeană. Liderii acestor partide, Mihai Ghimpu, Vlad Filat și respectiv Serafim Urechean, au declarat de numeroase ori că nu vor vota un președinte propus de comuniști, nici chiar dacă acesta "ar avea accent dâmbovițean" (declarația îi aparține lui Vlad Filat și face aluzie la Marian Lupu, fost președinte la Parlamentului între 2005 și 2009). La 11 septembrie 2009 Vladimir Voronin și-a dat oficial demisia din funcția de președinte interimar.

În opoziție

Alegerile din 2010

La alegerile parlamentare anticipate din 28 noiembrie 2010 PCRM a obținut 39,34% din voturi (ceea ce le-a oferit 42 de locuri în parlament), partidul rămânând în continuare în opoziție.

Alegerile din 2014 și 2015

La alegerile parlamentare din 30 noiembrie 2014 PCRM a obținut 17,48% din voturi, ceea ce le-a adus 21 de mandate în parlament, clasându-se pe locul trei. Astfel, partidul pierde postura de cel mai reprezentativ partid din Moldova, pe care a deținut-o timp de 16 ani.

La alegerile locale din 14 iunie 2015 PCRM a obținut 10,23% din mandatele din consiliile raionale și municipale, 10,95% din mandatele din consiliile orășenești și sătești și 8,59% din mandatele de primari din întreaga țară.

Din 2016
PCRM a refuzat să înainteze un candidat la alegerile prezidențiale din 2016, pe motiv că decizia Curții Constituționale privind revenirea la votul direct de către popor este ilegală. În urma alegerilor, Igor Dodon, fost membru al echipei Partidului Comuniștilor și membru în guvernul Greceanîi, este ales președinte al Republicii Moldova.

În alegerile parlamentare din 2019, PCRM a obținut doar 3,75% din procente (sub pragul electoral de 6%) și nu a obținut vreun mandat în vreo circumscripție electorală.

PCRM a refuzat să participe și la alegerile prezidențiale din 2020. La alegerile parlamentare anticipate din 2021, PCRM a mers în bloc electoral cu PSRM, Vladimir Voronin fiind pe prima poziție. În urma alegerilor, Blocul electoral al comuniștilor și socialiștilor a obținut 27,17% și 32 de mandate (dintre care 10 deputați au fost la propunerea PCRM). La nivel parlamentar, PSRM și PCRM au format o fracțiune comună.

Scindări

2009
Pe 10 iunie 2009, Marian Lupu a părăsit PCRM, acuzând comuniști că "au dezbinat societatea în spatele unui interes național" și spunând că el "nu mai putea influența deciziile în sânul partidului". El a mai adăugat atunci că "nu mai vrea să participe într-o campanie în care se va merge pe amenințări, șantaj și cu un liombaj injurios".

Pe 15 decembrie 2009 deputații comuniști Vladimir Țurcan, Victor Stepaniuc, Ludmila Belcencova și Valentin Guznac au părăsit fracțiunea PCRM din parlament. Ei au declarat că au făcut acest pas pentru că nu sunt de acord cu decizia partidului din 7 decembrie 2009 de a boicota alegerile prezidențiale. Ulterior cei patru au aderat la Partidul «Moldova Unită».

2011–2012
Pe 4 noiembrie 2011, Igor Dodon, Zinaida Greceanîi și Veronica Abramciuc – fruntași ai partidului, au părăsit fracțiunea PCRM din parlament. Ulterior cei trei au aderat la Partidul Socialiștilor din Republica Moldova (PSRM), iar pe 18 decembrie 2011, la cel de-al 10-lea Congres al Partidului Socialiștilor, Dodon avea să fie ales președinte al partidului.

Pe 9 iunie 2012, Vadim Mișin, Oleg Babenco și Tatiana Botnariuc au plecat din PCRM, declarând că vor activa în parlament în calitate de deputați independenți.

Pe 12 decembrie 2012 și Sergiu Sîrbu – juristul formațiunii, deputat și membru de vază al partidului – a părăsit PCRM.

2014
În 2014 între Grigore Petrenco și liderul comuniștilor moldoveni, Vladimir Voronin s-a iscat un conflict, după ce la ratificarea Acordului de Asociere dintre RM și UE în Parlamentul Republicii Moldova - PCRM a părăsit sala de ședință, iar Petrenco a fost unicul deputat comunist care a rămas și a votat împotrivă. Ulterior, în vara lui 2014, Petrenco, alături de Marc Tkaciuk și Iurie Muntean au fost excluși din Comitetul Executiv al Partidului Comuniștilor. Decizia a fost luată la plenara PCRM, în urma propunerii lui Vladimir Voronin, după care Petrenco l-a acuzat pe liderul PCRM de minciună și trădare, solicitându-i lui Vladimir Voronin să nu-și mai înainteze candidatura sa la funcția de președinte PCRM și că este gata să-și propună propria candidatură pentru funcția de președinte al partidului. În octombrie 2014 Petrenco a fost exclus din PCRM, fiind acuzat că a încălcat statul formațiunii. La 23 decembrie 2014 și Iurie Muntean, fost secretar executiv al partidului, a fost exclus definitiv din PCRM. Despre excluderea sa din partid, Muntean spunea ulterior: "am fost exclus din PCRM pentru viziuni de stânga" ... "deși sunt comunist adevărat, de a treia generație".

2015
La 21 decembrie 2015, în toiul crizei politice din Moldova, 14 (din 21) deputați comuniști, în frunte cu președintele fracținii parlamentare a PCRM, Violeta Ivanov, au părăsit partidul, anunțând, totodată, formarea Platformei Social Democrate "Pentru Moldova". Platforma s-a arătat disponibilă de a contribui la depășirea crizei politice din țară prin participarea la formarea unei majorități parlamentare cu PD, PLDM, PL și PPEM, și din aceeași zi începuseră să poarte discuții privind formarea unei majorități parlamentare cu PDM. Pe 13 ianuarie 2016 majoritatea parlamentară nou-formată l-a înaintat pe prim-vicepreședintele PDM, Vlad Plahotniuc, la funcția de prim-ministru, însă, Președintele Republicii Moldova, Nicolae Timofti, a respins candidatura lui cu motivația că ar exista suspiciuni rezonabile că candidatul nu întrunește criteririle de integritate necesare pentru funcția de prim-ministru.

Ideologie
În conformitate cu art. 1 din statutul său adoptat în 2008, PCRM este "succesorul și moștenitorul de drept al Partidului Comunist din Moldova, atât din punct de vedere al ideilor, cât și al tradițiilor". Deși îmbrățișează oficial o doctrină comunistă leninistă, există dezbateri cu privire la politicile lor. În 2009, The Economist îl considera un partid de centru-dreapta, comunist doar cu numele. Politologul român Vladimir Tismăneanu postulează că partidul nu este comunist în sensul clasic din cauza numeroaselor schimbări de la dizolvarea Uniunii Sovietice, dar este succesorul clar al Partidului Comunist din Moldova, și nu ceva străin de acesta, pentru .

Pentru ultima sa perioadă de guvernare, PCRM a trasat ca obiective pentru țară o nouă calitate a vieții, modernizarea economică, integrarea europeană și consolidarea societății. În perioada în care a fost la guvernare, partidul a adoptat politici pro-ruse, rămânând în același timp angajat față de integrarea europeană. În ciuda faptului că este cunoscut pentru faptul că își obține cea mai mare parte a sprijinului de la pensionari, începând cu 2009 a început să atragă mai multe voturi din partea tinerilor și să adopte o perspectivă populistă, care a fost minimalizată în timpul cât PCRM a fost la guvernare, dar a reapărut la nivelul opoziției și la nivel extraparlamentar. Spre deosebire de partidele social-populiste, dintre care unele combină politicile de stânga privind bunăstarea cu poziții naționaliste mai de dreapta, PCRM este doar marginal populist, iar ideologia sa principală continuă să fie marxism-leninismul și socialismul european.

Partidul este cunoscut pentru poziția sa moldovenistă, susținând existența limbii și etniei moldovenești. Partidul consideră 28 iunie 1940 drept "ziua în care Moldova a fost eliberată de Uniunea Sovietică de sub ocupația românească". Din aceste motive, o parte a presei (cum ar fi Oleg Serebrian) a descris partidul ca fiind antiromânesc.

Statut
Partidul Comuniștilor din Republica Moldova (PCRM) întrunește în rîndurile sale, pe bază de voluntariat, cetățenii țării care sunt adepți ai ideologiei sovietice, caracterizată bunăoară prin comunism și moldovenism. Conform propriilor sale principii, PCRM este:

 succesorul de drept, moștenitor al ideilor și tradițiilor Partidului Comunist al Moldovei;

 un partid politic de tip european, care, în noile condiții istorice, tinde să-și continue lupta pentru idealurile umaniste, pentru afirmarea demnității umane, pentru socialism;

 un partid care luptă pentru suveranitatea, integritatea teritorială și consolidarea în continuare a statalității Republicii Moldova;

 un partid care promovează o politică reală de construire, pe principiile economiei de piață cu diferite tipuri de proprietate, a unui stat democratic competitiv de orientare socială și de formare a unei societăți civile mature;

 un partid care pledează pentru Integrarea Europeană, pentru reformarea țării și societății în conformitate cu standardele democratice juridice, economice și sociale;

 un partid care exprimă interesele tuturor păturilor societății, care împărtășesc principiul echității sociale și le consolidează întru realizarea perspectivelor economice și sociale ale țării;

 un partid care colaborează cu toate forțele sociale care susțin principiile echității sociale, puterii poporului și statalității moldovenești. PCRM pledează pentru menținerea și dezvoltarea relațiilor frățești dintre popoarele țărilor CSI, fortifică solidaritatea internațională cu partidele de stînga din alte țări (sursa: PCRM ).

Sigla

Din 2012, deoarece sigla partidului (cu secera și ciocanul) este interzisă prin lege în Republica Moldova, partidul folosește în mod curent steagul roșu (sus) și albastru (jos) cu capul galben de bour (la mijloc). Vladimir Voronin a calificat legea din 2012 drept o "aiureală ordinară" care "miroase a fascism" și "nu are perspective istorice".

Conducerea PCRM
Baza PCRM o constituie organizația primară de partid. Organizațiile primare de partid sunt din cel puțin trei membri de partid. Hotărîrea adunării de a crea o organizație primară este confirmată de către instanța superioară de partid.

Organul suprem al organizației primare de partid este adunarea generală a comuniștilor, care se convoacă în măsura necesității, dar nu mai rar de o dată în trimestru. Adunarea generală are puteri depline, dacă sunt prezenți mai mult de jumătate din membrii de partid din organizația respectivă. Hotărîrile se consideră adoptate, dacă au fost votate de mai mult de jumătate din numărul celor prezenți la adunare.

Pentru înfăptuirea activității curente sunt aleși pe termen de un an: secretarul organizației de partid, locțiitorul lui și trezorierul, iar dacă în organizație sunt mai mult de cincisprezece membri – biroul de partid, care își ține ședințele în funcție de necesități, dar nu mai rar de o dată pe lună. Activitatea biroului de partid este condusă de secretarul organizației de partid, ales de adunarea generală.

Organul suprem al Partidului Comuniștilor din Republica Moldova este congresul, care se convoacă nu mai rar decât o dată la patru ani.

Președinte

Conform art.38 din statutul PCRM, "președintele partidului este ales de către congres pe un termen de 4 ani și prezintă dări de seamă Congresului. El coordonează activitatea Comitetului Central și a Comitetului Executiv Politic al CC în vederea executării hotărîrilor congresului și directivelor de program ale partidului, face parte, după funcție, din componența CC și a Comitetului Executiv Politic, conduce ședințele acestora; reprezintă partidul în relațiile cu organele reprezentative, executive și juridice ale țării, cu partidele frățești din străinătate."

Comitetul Central al PCRM
Comitetul Central convoacă congrese și conferințe, organizează executarea hotărîrilor lor, în vederea dezvoltării lor, dezbate problemele ce țin de perfecționarea formelor și metodelor activității politico-organizatorice a partidului, consolidării unității lui, dinamica dezvoltării social-cconomice a țării și protecției sociale a populației; împreună cu comitetele de partid înaintează candidați în funcția de deputați ai Parlamentului, coordonează activitatea fracțiunii comuniștilor- deputați în organele elective, alege Comitetul Executiv Politic, secretarul executiv și secretarii CC, fondează sau lichidează organele de presă ale CC, ale comitetelor municipale și raionale de partid, confirmă și eliberează conducătorii organelor de presă de partid, stabilește numărul și funcțiile salariaților aparatului de partid, elaborează modelele carnetului de partid și ale altor documente de partid, în calitate de persoană juridică reprezintă partidul, aprobă bugetul partidului.

Comisia Centrală de Revizie și Control
Comisia Centrală de Revizie controlează starea documentației și a proceselor-verbale, corectitudinea și oportunitatea achitării cotizațiilor de membru de către comuniști, utilizarea corectă a acestora, activitatea financiară și de producție a întreprinderilor și organizațiilor cu caracter de autogestiune ale partidului, efectuează conducerea metodică și coordonarea activității comisiilor de revizie ale comitetelor de partid municipale și raionale.

Comitetul Executiv Politic al Comitetului Central al PCRM
Comitetul Executiv Politic organizează activitatea curentă a partidului, convoacă și organizează plenarele CC, controlează îndeplinirea hotărîrilor congreselor și ale CC, audiază dările de seamă ale comitetelor de partid și ale organizațiilor primare de partid cu privire la diferite aspecte ale lucrului ideologic și organi/atoric de partid; realizează legătura continuă cu organizațiile de partid, selectarea, amplasarea și eliberarea salariaților aparatelor de partid, întocmește bugetul de partid și controlează executarea lui. In cazuri excepționale, Comitetul Executiv Politic poate adopta hotăriri în chestiuni ce sunt de competența CC, urmînd ca acestea să fie confirmate de plenara ordinara a CC.

 Vladimir Voronin – Președinte
 Oleg Reidman – Vicepreședinte
 Veaceslav Nigai – Vicepreședinte
 Constantin Starîș – Secretar executiv pentru ideologie

Deputații PCRM în Parlamentul Republicii Moldova de legislatura a XI-a (8)

 Constantin Starîș – Vicepreședintele fracțiunii BCS
Vladimir Voronin
 Oleg Reidman
 Veaceslav Nigai
 Valeriu Muduc
 Inga Sibova
 Diana Caraman
 Nicolai Rusol

Rezultate electorale

Alegeri parlamentare

Alegeri locale
* În 1999 participă în cadrul Blocului Comuniștilor, Agrarienilor și Socialiștilor (rezultatele sunt pentru întreaga alianță).

Consilii raionale și municipale

Consilii orășenești și sătești

Primari

Referințe

Legături externe
 Website oficial
 Websitul ziarului PCRM
 Uniunea Tineretului Comunist din Moldova

Fondări în 1994

Republica Moldova
Republica Moldova
Partide politice din Republica Moldova

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Muriel Rukeyser
Who in One Lifetime by Muriel Rukeyser
'Who in One Lifetime' by Muriel Rukeyser is a poem about resistance in the face of war and suffering. The speaker asserts that a woman referred to only as "she" is standing strong despite what she's seen.
Rukeyser was a poet, playwright, and children's author well-known for her feminist verse, much of which can be read in Orpheus, her 1949 collection. This specific poem is not one of her more commonly read. But, it does engage with themes that are common to her best-known works. These include women, war, child-bearing, and the future.
Explore Who in One Lifetime
3 Structure and Form
'Who in One Lifetime' by Muriel Rukeyser is a powerful, image-filled poem that speaks to the world's suffering.
The poem begins with the speaker acknowledging what a single person has seen throughout her life. She is experienced and observed war, unbeatable armies, love turned fear, and more. Despite this, the poem ends on a more optimistic note with a woman maintaining her strength, even in defeat and even as the world burns around her.
The poet engages with themes of perseverance and loss in this modern poem. These are seen through the poet's numerous allusions to contemporary events (most of which are non-specific) and through how she presents the main character, a woman, as standing strong in the face of a burning world.
The poet acknowledges that throughout one life, a person will likely see and experience a great deal of sorrow. But, "she" stands up when she's been defeated and maintains her strength. This suffering has transformed her into "a childless goddess of fertility" who is filled with the potential to change the world, as long as she can endure suffering as she seeks out a future without war.
Structure and Form
'Who in One Lifetime' by Muriel Rukeyser is a two-stanza poem that contains fourteen lines. This untraditional sonnet is written in free verse. This means that the poet did not make use of a specific rhyme scheme or metrical pattern. But, the format, and the turn at the end, implying that Rukeyser was inspired by the sonnet form while writing.
Throughout this poem, the poet makes use of several literary devices. These include but are not limited to:
Alliteration: the repetition of the same consonant sound at the beginning of multiple words. For example, "lifetime" and "lost" in line one.
Symbolism: the "childless goddess of fertility" symbolizes all the women who have been transformed by the sorrow they've seen around them into symbols of strength and resistance.
Allusion: against the backdrop of the great depression. Throughout, the poet alludes to the various wars she's lived through as well as the suffering she's seen in her everyday life and around the world.
Anaphora: seen through the repetition of the same word at the beginning of lines. For example, 'She" begins three lines of this fourteen-line poem.
Who in one lifetime sees all causes lost,
Seeing the integrated never fighting well,
The flesh too vulnerable, the eyes tear-torn.
In the first lines of this poem, the speaker, commonly considered to be the poet herself, begins by asking a long question. The question runs for several lines and ends with a period, creating an unbalanced statement that asks the reader to consider the images the poet has presented.
The speaker asks "who, "and only one lifetime experiences all the varieties of sorrow that one could imagine. She suggests that these include healing personally "dismayed and helpless" sing cities fall, experiencing love turn into fear, seeing "Inexorable armies," or unstoppable armies, and "the falling plane."
It is unclear exactly what the poet is alluding to here. But, with all these images taken into consideration, she paints a gloomy and doom-filled picture of the world. Rukeyser's poetry is marked by her interest in social causes and was heavily influenced by the World Wars, the Cold War, and other conflicts until her death in 1980. She famously described her life as "held between wars."
Here, she speaks to the devastation from war and the ways loss, personal and more widespread, can fill one life. She questions how someone can experience so much pain in one short lifetime.
In the next lines, the poet speaks about how loss and pain can drive one to different kinds of madness. The poet describes how the "she" of the poem has seen a great deal. She includes losses in war, "too vulnerable" flesh, and more. Humanity, she's suggesting, is vulnerable to a wide variety of pains and sorrows. She's seen them play out and watched men and women lost to them.
She finds a pre-surrender on all sides:
Treaty before the war, ritual impatience turn
A childless goddess of fertility.
In the second stanza, which includes the final six lines of the sonnet, she describes finding "pre-surrender on all sides." Here, she may have been considering how people, armies, countries, and more give up before the battle is even fought. While this could be seen as a positive (a way to avoid war), it also alludes to the important battles, such as those for Civil Rights and equal justice, that have to be fought.
She lists out the kinds of "pre-surrender" "She finds" in the next lines. She mentions a "treaty before the war" as well as how she sees the " ritual impatience turn / The camps of ambush to chambers of imagery." Among the gloom of the first stanza and the allusions to loss and defeat, the poet inserts some optimistic qualities into the final lines.
The transformation of "camps of ambush" to "chambers of imagery" is an interesting and confusing assertion. Perhaps she's speaking more broadly about the way that conflicts can become ideological turning points. Or how concepts of the world and social issues are born through conflict or lack thereof.
The poet suggests that although she sees a great deal of sorrow, the subject of this poem continues to believe that the world can become a better and more equal place. Even when defeated, she "stays and hides" that pain while maintaining her hope for a better life.
This leads to the image of the woman, a symbol for the poet (as well as for all those who continue to fight injustice and inequality around the world), standing strong (rather than being metaphorically forced to the ground in defeat) even though she's seen the world burn, and it continues to burn.
The last lines are filled with a strength that seemed impossible in the initial stanza. This woman has suffered defeat and watched causes she cares about thrown away before they're ever addressed. But, she stands as "A childless goddess of fertility" in the face of her burning world.
The final image is a perfect example of juxtaposition. The speaker describes the woman as a "goddess of fertility" but also as "childless." This presents an image of selflessness. She has a power that she uses for the benefit of others rather than to increase her own happiness. It's an image of a woman who engages in self-sacrifice and likely suffers for the causes she believes in.
Who is the speaker of 'Who in One Lifetime?'
It's unclear who the speaker is. But, the poem alludes to the elements of Rukeyser's life and work as both a writer and social activist. She is remembered for her writing that engaged with political issues of her contemporary moment.
What is the theme of 'Who in One Lifetime?'
The theme is perseverance through suffering and loss. The poet presents the reader with a woman who has seen suffering and suffered herself in every way that one can imagine. Despite this, at the end of the poem, she is still standing.
What is the tone of 'Who in One Lifetime?'
The tone is passionate. The speaker spends the first few lines admitting that the world is filled, and has been filled for a long time, with terrible sights and events. But, it ends on a passionate note with a speaker asserting a woman's power to stand in the face of a burning world.
What is the message of 'Who in One Lifetime?'
The message is that no matter what's happened in war or within the political realm, it's still possible to take on the world's issues. The poet presents a mournful image of the world in the first lines and then ends the poem with an assertion of strength.
Readers who enjoyed this poem should consider reading some other Muriel Rukeyser poems. For example:
'Then I Saw What the Calling Was' – is a beautiful and complicated poem about life and experience.
'The Poem as Mask' – is a powerful, feminist poem that speaks to the poet's experiences in life and with her poetry.
Home » Muriel Rukeyser » Who in One Lifetime
Baldwin, Emma. "Who in One Lifetime by Muriel Rukeyser". Poem Analysis, https://poemanalysis.com/muriel-rukeyser/who-in-one-lifetime/. Accessed 26 January 2023.


The Church Office is located in Tofield at 5107-50st.
Mark Loewen is our pastor overseeing the congregational direction in partnership with the Elder Board. His primary role is preaching, teaching, visitation and working with the Elder Board. Mark also is the moderator for the Northwest Mennonite Conference. Mark is married to Tammy and together they have 4 children, (3 daughters and 1 son). Mark loves coffee anytime and anywhere (the stronger the coffee the better).
Amy Lauber is our secretary and treasurer. Amy is a young mom of 2 boys and stays very busy.
Tammy Loewen is our youth coordinator who organizes Friday nights for the youth. She has a heart for children and is leader for VBS. She also is a busy mom with 4 little ones.


We are so happy to introduce our newest Dress Donation Location, Modern Sole Saskatoon! The Princess Shop now has 3 Dress Donation Location partners!
As one of Saskatoon's newest local shops, Modern Sole Saskatoon is a beautiful shoe-tique that offers an amazing curated collection of shoe brands that are handpicked by the owner for their quality, style, and comfort.
Modern Sole Saskatoon now accepts donations of gently used, cleaned formal gowns, shoes, and accessories on behalf of The Princess Shop for the Dress Program. To donate to The Princess Shop through Modern Sole Saskatoon, please print and fill out a donation from here and drop it off during their shop hours at their location:#150 - 3020 Preston Avenue.
Click here for Modern Sole Saskatoon's hours and address. Having the local business helping to accept donations allows more convenience for our dress donors, so we are very appreciative and excited to have Modern Sole Saskatoon on board! While you are there, check out their amazing shoes, jewelry and handbags.


Dry roast the oats lightly about 4 to 5 minutes and coarsely grind them.
Make a smooth paste of roughly chopped dates and ½ cup milk.
Roast coarsely grinded oats on low flame about 2 minutes and keep it aside.
Take a small quantity of mixture in hand and give it a laddu shape.
Repeat for the rest of flour.
Enjoy this Ragi Oats Laddu dish from BetterButter!


Yet aged just 21 and now a university student in Hong Kong, Li already finds that when she picks up a pen to write, the characters for words as simple as "embarrassed" have slipped from her mind.
Surveys indicate the phenomenon, dubbed "character amnesia", is widespread across China, causing young Chinese to fear for the future of their ancient writing system.
There is even a Chinese word for it: "tibiwangzi", or "take pen, forget character".
"When I can't remember, I will take out my cellphone and find it (the character) and then copy it down," she says.
One notoriously forgettable character, Zeng says, is used in the word Tao Tie — a legendary Chinese monster that was so greedy it ate itself.
"It's like you're forgetting your culture," Zeng says.
The user enters each word using pinyin, and the device offers a menu of characters that match. So users must recognise the character, but they don't need to be able to write it.
In Japan, where three writing systems are combined into one, mobiles and computers use the simpler hiragana and katakana scripts for inputting — meaning users may forget the kanji, a third strand of Japanese writing similar to Chinese characters.
"We rely too much on the conversion function on our phones and PCs," said Ayumi Kawamoto, 23, shopping in Tokyo's upscale Ginza district.
Tokyo student Maya Kato, 22, said: "I hardly hand-write anymore, which is the main reason why I have forgotten so many characters.
Character amnesia matters because memorisation is so crucial to character-based written languages, says Siok Wai Ting, assistant professor of linguistics at Hong Kong University. Forgetting how to write could eventually affect reading ability.
"There is no way we can learn the writing systematically because the writing itself is not systematic — we have to memorise, we have to rote learn," she says.
Chinese reading even uses a different part of the brain from reading the Roman alphabet, Siok's research has found — a part closer to the motor area, which is used for handwriting.
Instead, Mao eventually chose to simplify many characters into forms now the standard in mainland China.
Victor Mair, professor of Chinese language and literature at the University of Pennsylvania, said character amnesia is part of a "natural process of evolution".
"The reasons why characters are innately difficult to enter into computers and mobile phones are innate to the character-based writing systems themselves," he said.
"There are no magic bullets that will make it easy to input characters," he added.
The Wubi input system — available on some Chinese computers and backed by the government — uses character strokes as handwriting does. But the system itself is so difficult to learn that it has failed to gain mass appeal.
However, iPhones and other smartphones now offer an option in which users can input characters by drawing them onto the touch screen.
And in Japan, kanji kentei — a character quiz with 12 levels — has become a widespread craze among schoolchildren, housewives and retirees, according to Yoshiko Nakano, associate professor of Japanese at the University of Hong Kong.
Some argue that the perceived decline in character knowledge is, in fact, nothing to worry about.
A survey by the southern Chinese news portal Dayang Net, found that 80 percent of respondents had forgotten how to write some characters — but 43 percent said they used handwritten characters only for signatures and forms.
"The idea that China is a country full of people who write beautiful, fluid literature in characters without a second thought is a romantic fantasy," wrote the blogger and translator C. Custer on his Chinageeks blog.
The explosion of internet and phone technology has itself led to the creation of new words and forms of writing. In 2008 Chinese people were sending 175 billion text messages each quarter, according to the Xinhua state news agency.
Still, both Li Hanwei and Zeng Ming have become so concerned about character amnesia that they keep handwritten diaries partly to ensure they don't forget how to write.
If it weren't for this, would they actually need to remember how to write characters with a pen.
Li is almost stumped, but says she uses one "when I have to sign the back of my new credit card". "That's almost all," she says.


The automation system will enable the Barmac B-Series VSI to maintain these optimal settings and remove the need for regular manual adjustments. the cascade ratio can be hydraulically adjusted while the crusher is operating. minimising costs and ensuring a consistent product.
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SVP supports international companies as they enter the German, Austrian and Swiss markets. We have tremendous sector-specific expertise when it comes to market or location analyses, as well as identifying clients or business partners in the DACH region. Particularly in Germany, the ICT sector has experienced more growth in recent years than the economy as a whole. With over 1 million employees and sales of roughly EUR 160 billion, the sector is becoming even more important to society as a whole. The digital transformation we're experiencing economically and socially presents us with both the greatest challenges and opportunity in decades. Issues like the transition of IT companies from IT vendors to IT service providers and network partners, industry 4.0, cloud computing, agility, sourcing and big data are key topics in the industry. We support our clients by providing trend and market analyses, competition reports and by identifying suppliers.
Some IT companies are now considering whether they should also offer their standard IT products in the cloud. We support these companies on the global markets, as well as the German market, by providing analyses of how commercial users think and what they're looking for, as well as preparing reports on competitors' cloud business models.
We deliver detailed studies on new target markets, including Africa, Germany Austria or growing sectors with an IT focus, as well as the mechanical engineering sector. SVP's sector reports and market analyses in international markets deliver the information you need to make strategic decisions.
In order to identify potential and possibilities in new markets, SVP can help by identifying key players and offer you critical insights into customer-specific company provides for fundamental decisions.


text:
Q: C# SQLite, get real type? how we get the type real column from the Sqlite?! I'm using the CF 3.5 for windows CE and the SQLite.Interop.066.DLL for the SQLite requirements
I have tryed Float, Decimal and such but nothing works, since according to several sites that I have found they say that real is used for float and other types that as a decimal


Are you installing a brand new pool patio and deck? Whether you are preparing for a brand new deck or doing a renovation, it might be difficult to decide on the material that you should use for this outdoor area. Each material that you could choose lends a different style and feel to your poolside landscape. Hence, when you pick a material to use for your patio and decking, the look of your house and the area surrounding the pool will have an impact on your decision.
Thus, before we dive into the material options for your pool patio and decking, you need to consider the type of pool you have. If you have an inground pool, you will need to get pool coping first. This is something that covers the edge around the pool. Brick and stone are the most popular materials used for coping.
Your material selection for your coping will affect the material you choose for your decking. Since the overall look of your pool and yard will be impacted by the material of your choice, you should look for one that suits your lifestyle and budget. In this article, we will discuss the most commonly used materials for pool patios and decking. Shall we begin?
Pavers are famed for their durability and the comfort they offer for those who walk on them. Prices vary depending on the paver material you choose. Options such as concrete, stone, travertine, and aggregates are available. If you are looking for something that will require little-to-no maintenance, pavers should be on your list of top choices. This decking option is much less likely to crack or become damaged. Even if your decking needs fixing in the future, repairs can be done quickly without hassle. Because of all these perks, pavers usually cost more than the other materials.
One of the most popular and affordable materials is concrete. If you choose this material, there is no need to worry about finding the right color and finish because there are plenty of options available to you. Aside from that, you can customize your concrete by getting it stamped and stained with the patterns, textures, and colors that you desire. If you are concerned about your decking being slippery, consider getting an anti-slip spray or choosing a slip-resistant surface.
Quite a number of people dream of having a warm-looking wooden pool patio that requires little maintenance and doesn't have splinter problems. If this is your desire, composite decking might be a good choice for you. Since it is made from synthetics, it requires barely any maintenance while still allowing you to enjoy that beautiful wooden look. There is a variety of colors and textures for you to choose from.
If you are looking for something durable and easy to install, tiles could be the right material for you. They are easy to deal with. Moreover, the installation will be done in a jiffy!
Slate has a nice texture and blends beautifully with a natural environment. If you are looking for something that looks effortlessly natural, this is the best option. Moreover, you can cut and shape slate as you wish!
Another decking option is brick. Some people think that this type of look is too generic, but it can be interesting if you lay your bricks out in interesting patterns or opt for unusual colors. This is an excellent choice if you want to get creative!


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Help replicate Philadelphia's success across the state
Philadelphia has implemented an incredibly successful model of how to handle school discipline. But it's not mandatory, and it's not statewide.
Contact your elected officials and ask them to pass a law requiring school police officers to receive diversion and de-escalation training.
If you like what Deputy Commissioner Bethel is doing with school policing, reach out to your local officials and tell them. You can, in fact, contact politicians to voice support, as well.
Connect WITH OUR SOCIAL ACTION TEAM
The disparate impact of student discipline
In the 2011-12 school year, there were 25 out-of-school suspensions for every 100 students in Philadelphia. This was the 21st worst in the state, although leaps and bounds better than the numbers for Pittsburgh (58 suspensions per 100 students) or Harrisburg (36 suspensions per 100).
African American students made up only 13.6% of all Pennsylvania students, but received 48% of the out-of-school suspensions.
Within the first year of the Diversion Program, not only did the number of arrests in Philadelphia schools drop by 54%, there were 1,051 fewer behavioral incidents.
Only 6 of the 702 students who entered the diversion program had another incident at school that required police intervention. In the rest of Pennsylvania, where this diversion program isn't an option, 1 out of 5 students arrested are re-arrested within 2 years.
Zero Tolerance For Zero Tolerance
An innovative Police Department program works to upend the schools-to-prison pipeline
Keeping Kids in School – and Out of Court
BY Roxanne Patel Shepelavy
Even before the video emerged this fall of a South Carolina high school girl being thrown to the ground by a white police officer while sitting at her desk, before the story of a Muslim boy in Texas arrested in September for bringing to school a handmade clock, before an Oklahoma City school resource officer allegedly punched a 16-year-old in the face, Philadelphia Deputy Police Commissioner Kevin Bethel had had enough.
As a Philly cop for 29 years, Bethel had witnessed the escalation of the school safety movement, intended to prevent the sort of carnage that occurred at Columbine in 1999. In Philadelphia, zero tolerance for guns had morphed into a prohibition on other tools that might cause harm—like pointy-tipped scissors—and to other types of behavior that are more about adolescent defiance than actual violence. By 2013, Philadelphia police were arresting 1,600 students a year, as young as 10 years old, more than half of whom were first-time offenders.
Warning: video contains violent footage
It was a stark and literal illustration of the schools to prison pipeline: One minute, a child who may be struggling at home acts out at school, the next he's being hauled out in handcuffs and thrown into a holding cell.
"We're supposed to be the adults here, the ones who know better," Bethel says. "A child could be getting abused at home, have no food at home, and then we don't even ask them questions before arresting them? I've watched us use the stick for discipline for decades. But the stick hasn't worked."
So Bethel, who two years ago began overseeing the 84 Philly cops who work with schools, decided to upend the system as we know it. Today, Philadelphia is one place in America where an incident like that in South Carolina is increasingly less likely to occur. Since the start of school last year, Philadelphia police officers no longer take part in disciplining students for nonviolent "code of conduct violations"—like refusing to put away a cell phone or leave a classroom. All school resource officers are trained in mediation and de-escalation, something not mandated by Pennsylvania or 27 other states. And first-time juvenile offenders accused of any in-school crime are no longer arrested. Instead, they're sent to a pre-arrest diversion program that evaluates the root of their behavior and sets them up with social services.
Launched in the spring of 2014, the program has already been more effective than even Bethel anticipated. Last school year—the first full year of diversion—police made 858 fewer arrests, a more than 50 percent drop. (This was the program's five-year goal.) Instead, 702 students were diverted for social services. And Bethel says only six of those 702 students had another incident at school that required police intervention—compared to the one out of five juveniles arrested in Pennsylvania who are re-arrested within two years. The School District's chief disciplinarian says vastly fewer students were referred to her for expulsion hearings. And this year so far, 150 students have been diverted, which may be even more successful than last.
"If you change the trajectory of where a child goes, if they can find the inner soul to get through and graduate high school, it can make a real difference in their lives," Bethel says.
Kevin Bethel, Philadelphia Deputy Police Commissioner
The pre-diversion program takes one step further a program started by the District Attorney's office several years ago, in which 85 percent of students arrested in schools went before a Youth Aid Panel, rather than to juvenile court. That kept their records clean, but they were still arrested first—by a uniformed cop, using handcuffs, who took their fingerprints and put them in a holding cell for up to six hours. "That's traumatic for a young kid," Bethel notes.
Now, if a student has no arrest record, they are sent home with a letter, and the promise of a visit from the Department of Human Services within 72 hours. During the visit, a social worker (sometimes accompanied by an officer) explains to the family what could have happened if the child had been arrested; talks to them about the child's needs; and offers to enroll him or her in a 30 to 90 day treatment or other social service program from one of six community health providers. (The services are from existing DHS programs, which had been underutilized.) Rachel Holzman, the school district's deputy chief for student rights and responsibilities, says 95 percent of families DHS has visited under the program have used the services. This school year, DHS will also refer children to Police Athletic League programs at 18 recreation centers around town.
"We are not all of a sudden going to solve all the ills at school," Bethel says. "But we are changing what happens with these children. We're asking them, 'What's going on with you?'"
The answer, Bethel says, is often a catalog of the ills that plague communities where most of these arrests stem from: Children in poverty, with parents who are addicted, or are not around, who are sexually or physically abused at home, who are carrying a gun not because they plan to use it, but because they fear for their safety on the walk to school. This important detail in a child's life can make all the difference. "We can't control the variables of these children's neighborhoods," Bethel says, "but we can control how we interact with them."
Last school year, police made 858 fewer arrests, a more than 50 percent drop. Instead, 702 students were diverted for social services. And only six of them had another incident at school that required police intervention.
The national mania for arresting students follows the trajectory of our national mania for incarceration that has finally started to wane, with bipartisan talk of releasing nonviolent offenders and reducing prison sentences for drug crimes. After Columbine, states around the country passed legislation intended to prevent shootings in schools. (This has not especially worked.) In Pennsylvania, the Safe Schools Act and zero tolerance policies ballooned to include other weapons like pepper spray, and pointy scissors—even if the student never took it out of their bag. Under the policies, principals and school resource officers often felt they had no choice but to call in the cops for issues that would have been dealt with in-school in another generation.
But as the South Carolina case illustrated, school police officers are often not equipped to understand the very people they are sent to discipline (or protect). Deborah Jordan Klehr, executive director of the Education Law Center of Pennsylvania, says school resource officers in the state are not required to get training in de-escalation, adolescent behavior, prevention, the impact of trauma or the collateral consequences of arrest. (As The Atlantic reported after the South Carolina incident, only 12 states do this type of training.)
As in the rest of the American justice system, school arrests, suspensions and expulsions disproportionately affect black students; Klehr says African American girls are the fastest growing population in the justice system, and students with disabilities are twice as likely to receive out of school suspensions. "We see what happened in South Carolina happening in Pennsylvania routinely," says Klehr, who regularly takes on city and state school systems for unfair discipline practices.
Under Bethel's program, Good Shepherd Mediation Services has trained all 84 city cops and 300 school police officers in mental first aid and conflict resolution. They have also trained other school personnel to handle incidents themselves—which Bethel and Klehr agree is the ultimate goal. Last year, Bethel says school officials diffused 300 incidents that in other years would have required police assistance. Partly, that's because his cops are no longer allowed in schools for code of conduct violations. But it is also because they now have the tools, and the mandate, to treat these incidents for what they are: School issues.
"We can't arrest our way out of school climate issues," says Klehr, who considers Bethel a visionary for his work in Philly. "We need to be providing school guidance counselors and teachers to support these kids, not arresting them. We don't need police there in the first place."
Even Bethel, a police officer for nearly three decades, sees the need for less police intervention, not more. Despite the success of his diversion program, Bethel insists it is just a stop-gap until we fundamentally change the way we approach juvenile justice. He's retiring from the police department this month to work full-time on this issue, with the Juvenile Justice Research and Reform Lab at Drexel University, which has been monitoring the diversion program. (This work will be funded through a three-year Stoneleigh Foundation Fellowship.)
Under Bethel's program, Good Shepherd Mediation Services has trained 84 city cops, 300 school police officers and other school personnel in how to deescalate conflict. Last year, school officials handled more than 300 incidents themselves that in other years would have required police assistance.
For the next three years, he will continue working with Philly schools, but says his goals are much broader: prevention training for students; advocating for similar programs in other districts around the state and country, which have started to notice the progress in Philly; widening pre-arrest diversion to out-of school crimes, like first time theft; and lobbying for better school safety legislation. Along with the Education Law Center, Bethel says it is time to revamp the Safe Schools Act and zero tolerance policies to allow schools more leeway in disciplining students within their walls, and to keep more children out of jails. Klehr says she is working with the governor's office on a bill that would require conflict mediation and adolescent training for school resource officers when Districts apply for state funding.
In the meantime, Bethel sees his work as both potentially life-changing—keeping a student in school, instead of in jail—and a (perhaps overly-optimistic) salve for oft-troubled police-community relations. "We have an opportunity to demonstrate to people that we are not who they think we are," he says. "All those 700 kids we diverted last year, their first contact with the police department was a positive one. Their opinion of policing is going to change, and they will grow into adults with a much different perspective. "
Header Photo: Flickr/Steven Depolo
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Open the Doors to Higher Ed
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How To Put More Teachers Into Philly Schools
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By Natalia Shepelavy


Should FSH test be repeated over and over again prior to IVF ?
The serum concentration of FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) on day 3 of the menstrual cycle has been the standard test to give some indication of the number of eggs remaining in the ovary (ovarian reserve). Ovarian reserve decreases with age, often alarmingly so after the age of 35, determines the response of the ovary to stimulation and, indirectly, hints at the prognosis for pregnancy.
FSH originates in the pituitary gland at the base of the brain and is released into the blood stream in order to stimulate the growth of follicles containing eggs and so is vital to achieve ovulation. FSH also encourages the production of hormones from the ovary, mainly estrogens and inhibin. These two hormones feed back to the pituitary and regulate the amount of FSH that is released. With increasing female age and the consequent depletion of the number of eggs in their follicles, the production of estrogen and, particularly, inhibin decreases and, in response, the levels of FSH increase. This can be seen as a compensatory mechanism to try and keep the ovary going. This is the reason why levels of FSH are used as a test of ovarian reserve; the higher the FSH, the lower the ovarian reserve or number of eggs remaining. The nearer the approaching menopause, the higher will be the levels of FSH and the lower the chances of becoming pregnant. Rather than predicting the chances of pregnancy, the FSH level is better at predicting the response of the ovary to stimulation in treatment such as in-vitro fertilization (IVF).
The ideal time to sample blood for FSH levels is on day 3 of a cycle although day 2-4 will probably suffice. Any testing outside of these days is irrelevant. When used as a screening test for ovarian reserve, levels of estradiol should also be measured. A combination of high FSH (>15 IU/L) and high estradiol levels (>200 pmol/L) are usually bad news. In patients with an age less than 40 years, high FSH levels are a less reliable indicator of the chances for pregnancy.
As the FSH concentration around day 3 of the cycle is dependent on a number of hormonal interactions, it often varies from cycle to cycle and this variation of levels may be confusing. Apparent 'rejuvenation' of the ovary according to a transient decrease of FSH levels following high values in a previous cycle can be misleading as it has been reported that the highest FSH value measured is the one that most accurately predicts the ovarian reserve. Although the FSH test has long been used routinely, it is now being superseded by testing for blood levels of anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) and by the antral follicle count on ultrasound examination.


The Next Brewery Tour Teaser is Ready!
I am excited to announce that the Ground Breaker Brewing tour teaser is finally ready to share! If you recall, a couple months ago I took Best Gluten Free Beers on the road to visit 3 different dedicated gluten free breweries.
This tour spanned two states: Oregon and Washington. I made stops at Moonshrimp Brewing and Ground Breaker Brewing in Portland Oregon, and Ghostfish Brewing in Seattle Washington. Each and every stop was completely unique, but they all had something in common…a fiery passion for craft beer that is 100% gluten free–from start to finish.
Another thing these three breweries had in common is that they were actually brewing beer during my visit, which allowed me to get behind-the-scenes with the camera for a special look at their brew process! The full brew tour will included detailed interviews with the brewery founders and brewmasters, in addition to a full tour of their facility.
Ground Breaker was my last stop on the tour. I had plans to meet them at the brewery at 9am. Unfortunately I woke up to a flat tire in Portland, which made me a bit tardy, but luckily Ground Breaker had a tire shop just 7 blocks away.
This brewery is special to me. Before I found Ground Breaker, I had given up on beer. I had been gluten free for a couple years already, and up to this point, every single gluten free beer I tried was HORRIBLE. Not good beer. I'm sure you can relate.
I even home-brewed a batch of gluten free beer in my kitchen–just to see what all the struggle was about. My beer turned out great, even though the ingredients were a shot in the dark and my brew process was…primitive, to say the least. This led me to higher levels of frustrations with the gluten free beer market at the time, as I now knew that good gluten free beer was possible–and still, these breweries were choosing to brew crappy beer. Lame.
Sampling a gluten free home brew!
Unfortunately, much of the United States is still living in the "dark ages" of gluten free beer, meaning their access to high-quality gluten free craft beer is limited or non-existent. If they do have access, it's often to beers that are not actually gluten free–but gluten reduced using an enzyme.
When I found Ground Breaker, everything changed for me. They were still called Harvester Brewing Company at the time, a name they were forced to change due to a branding conflict with another company. When I had my first taste of Ground Breaker, I almost cried. It tasted like real beer. The kind of beer I remembered drinking before I went gluten free. Beer with flavor. Beer with body. Beer with character.
This is why Ground Breaker holds a special place in my heart. They were the first brewery that brought beer back into my life after learning I would have to avoid gluten for the rest of my days.
The full tour is still in the editing phase, but I have a little something to hold you over in the meantime. The Ground Breaker Brewing teaser is finally ready and you can watch it below. For those of you who emailed me questions for the breweries…I asked them all! Your answers will be scattered throughout the brew tour features, which will be released as soon as I'm done crunching all the footage.
Enjoy this behind-the-scenes look at Ground Breaker Brewing, and be sure to get on the waiting list to be notified when the full brew tours are ready. Cheers!


While you may have been under the impression that we mainly stock snowboarding gear in our Parramatta store, you'll be pleased to know that we also stock a great range of equipment for skiing enthusiasts too, including Atomic skis for sale for both men and women, together with a selection of their best-selling ski boots.
For the last fifty years, Atomic have been producing top quality skis that have made skiing easier and more enjoyable. As one of leading producers of technological skis, Atomic not only delivers innovative designs in skis, but in boots and ski bindings too. So, if you want to try their skis for yourself, head down to Elevation107 in Baulkham Hills where you'll find one of the best selections of Atomic skis Australia has available.
If you're in the market for a pair of Atomic men's skis, look no further than the Vantage X. Successor to the popular Nomad Crimson Ti, the vantage will perform well in both hard and soft snow. They're light and stable, and feature innovative technology such as Carbon Tank Mesh, which will really help you to push your skiing to the next level.
Women may prefer to choose our Atomic women's skis, the Atomic Vantage X77 which will give you all the performance you expect from a top-quality set of skis, but still offer a lightweight and sporty ride.
Head down to our ski equipment store in Baulkham Hills, and we're sure you'll be amazed by our selection of ski gear.
You'll find our sales team is made up of skiing fanatics who really have a passion for the sport, together with the knowledge needed to recommend the best ski gear for you. So, if you're in the market for something from Atomic Ski Sydney ski enthusiasts should make a point of paying us a visit.
Whether you prefer to buy Atomic ski online or you'd rather visit our store to see just how cool Atomic skis are, you'll find that we always have a great deal on all our Atomic products.
Not only are we one of the most popular places to buy Atomic skis Sydney has available, but we offer all our skis on Afterpay so that you can pay for your new skis in four equal instalments. We also offer free delivery throughout Australia on orders over $50, so you can see why we're #1 for buying Atomic skis online.
Need any advice on Atomic ski gear?
Then simply give us a call on 02 9639 100 during store hours, or drop us an email at parramatta@essboardstore.com.au and we'll get back to you as soon as possible.
Alternatively, why not come and meet the team at our Baulkham Hills ski store and see our range of Atomic ski equipment for yourself?
ESS Boardstore is Australia's leader in snowboards online. We specialise in skis, snowboard boots, snowboard bindings, ski jackets and ski pants. Order yours today!


- create design 3D Data and model.
- other duty as assigned.
- Bachelor's degree in Engineering or Industrial Design (New graduate are also welcome).
- Good command in CAD program. If experienced in related function will be advantage.


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Living by the saying "Let's knock it on the head", Chief Executive Officer, leadership and management coach, and ontological practitioner Dr Nicky Howe leads a Western Australian Not for Profit that delivers aged-care services. Dr Howe is this week's Changemaker.
Dr Howe's career includes more than 25 years of senior management experience working in government and Not for Profit sectors in the areas of employment, education, welfare, health, aged care and community services.
Starting her university education at 31 years old, Dr Howe gained the university qualifications of Doctor of Business Administration, Post Graduate in Public Sector Management and BA in Public Administration.
She also holds a Diploma and Advanced Diploma of Ontological Coaching, is a Graduate of the Australian Institute of Company Directors Diploma and is an Adjunct Professor in the School of Business at The University of Notre Dame.
Recently she wrote the book Building Better Relationships with those You Lead.
Dr Howe now leads Southcare Inc, a Not for Profit organisation based in the Perth suburb of Manning. Southcare has a team of 80 employees and more than 95 volunteers who provide Government sponsored aged care and family support programs.
As part of her role with Southcare Inc, Dr Howe has worked on creating an employment program that aims to provide quality aged care and employment opportunities for the young.
For her effort she was a finalist for the Westpac Community Leaders Awards 2013 in the Established Not for Profit Executive category.
When you have been able to facilitate the development of a person, project/service. When you have been able to touch the soul of another and through this they are able to achieve something they never thought they could do or be, when someone's life is changes for the better.
What has been the most challenging part of your work?
I have managed hundreds of people in a variety of settings. I think the first Commonwealth Employment Service Office (back in 1994) I managed was the most significant and difficult.
I was unable to build a strong team, and I learnt some really hard lessons about establishing credibility and the use and abuse of power.
I learnt you can't manage it all by yourself, I learnt to be tough, how to develop and use negotiation skills, how to confront and act on subordinate performance problems and how to deal with problematic relationships (headquarters, bosses, unions, government, media and politicians).
I think I overcame it all by putting myself forward as a lifelong learner (education, training, mentors, coaching, reading, seeking and acting on feedback etc) and being prepared to change and keep practicing.
To overcome "it" (whatever that is at the time) I must be the one to change.
I have learnt to trust my instincts, to take a stand for what I believe in and to accept responsibility for the consequences of my actions. I am still learning and changing.
Being in the privileged position of CEO you are able to create and build the type of organisation that you had previously "wished" for.
I like being able to create and enact a vision. Each day I am able to work with people to build productive working relationships so that we can serve our community (both our internal community of staff and volunteers and our external community).
I love being part of these communities and I work hard to continually build the reputation and value that we can bring to people in our community.
My family. I have two sons Dirk and Tom. I feel a great sense of achievement at bringing up my sons by myself (in 1996 my husband left me and this had a special significance on me, as I was left emotionally, spiritually, physically and financially with two boys, aged five and seven years. My ex-husband still does not see his sons).
They are now young professional men (one a Software Engineer and one an Electrical Power Engineer).
My education (I started my university education when I was 31), my leadership as a CEO and being an author (I have just written my first book). My husband Vasilli and the relationship we have and my family and friends.
I am reading Coaching to the Human Soul – Volume III – Ontological Coaching and Deep Change by Alan Sieler.
This book provides a detailed articulation of how all learning and change occurs in the nervous systems which is throughout our body and involves more than our brains and how we can "shift' our body to shift our thinking and emotions – it is a really powerful approach and I am really enjoying the learning journey.
The reason I am reading this is I am doing the Advanced Somatic Learning and Ontological Coaching Course and this is part of the program.
As an ontological coach this will help me to skilfully and respectfully facilitates somatic shifts for people that contributes to deep positive change for them.
To see government, corporations and community organisations working together (despite business and social sector organisation differences) so we align common interests to benefit the common good of our nation.
My dream is for Australia to be seen as the "good life[i]", where we choose to restrain and restrict ourselves as a way of being balanced, where we treat all people ( from all cultures including our own first peoples) in a respectful way by listening to them, we are mindful in our thoughts and actions, we apologise sincerely, forgive generously and make people laugh … and fundamental to this is we each have our basic needs met.
I think my passion comes from a range of sources.
My parents have both always worked full time and I started working on Saturdays and school holidays with my father (who was a builder) from the age of 10 years.
I was taught that if I wanted anything in this world I would need to work for it and I needed to give back.
I grew up in a low socio-economic area (Kwinana) not that I really realised that at the time…I did the Duke of Edinburgh Program and part of this was community service which I loved.
As a young nurse I liked looking after people and I liked helping people. In the Commonwealth Employment Service there was nothing more rewarding that helping someone get a job.
My passion for "good" comes from a deep desire to have a fair and just civil society.


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Gloire et louange a toi, satan, dans les hauteurs du ciel ou tu regnas, et dans les profondeurs de l'enfer, ou vaincu, tu reves en silence! (1890)
Odilon Redon (French, 1840-1916)
Odilon Redon was a French symbolist painter, printmaker, draughtsman and pastellist.
Early in his career, both before and after fighting in the Franco-Prussian War, he worked almost exclusively in charcoal and lithography, works referred to as noirs. He started gaining recognition after his drawings were mentioned in the 1884 novel À rebours by Joris-Karl Huysmans. During the 1890s he began working in pastel and oils, which quickly became his favourite medium, abandoning his previous style of noirs completely after 1900. He also developed a keen interest in Hindu and Buddhist religion and culture, which increasingly showed in his work.
He is perhaps best known today for the "dreamlike" paintings created in the first decade of the 20th century, which were heavily inspired by Japanese art and which, while continuing to take inspiration from nature, heavily flirted with abstraction. His work is considered a precursor to both Dadaism and Surrealism.
Odilon Redon was born in Bordeaux, Aquitaine, to a prosperous family. Redon's father made his fortune in the slave trade in Louisiana in the 1830s. Redon was conceived in New Orleans and the couple made the transatlantic journey back to France while his mother Marie Guérin, a French Creole woman, was pregnant. The young Bertrand Redon acquired the nickname "Odilon" from his mother's first name, Odile. Redon started drawing as a child; at the age of ten, he was awarded a drawing prize at school. He began the formal study of drawing at fifteen but, at his father's insistence, he changed to architecture. Failure to pass the entrance exams at Paris' École des Beaux-Arts ended any plans for a career as an architect, although he briefly studied painting there under Jean-Léon Gérôme in 1864. (His younger brother Gaston Redon would become a noted architect.)
Back in his native Bordeaux, he took up sculpting, and Rodolphe Bresdin instructed him in etching and lithography. His artistic career was interrupted in 1870 when he was drafted to serve in the army in the Franco-Prussian War until its end in 1871.
At the end of the war, he moved to Paris and resumed working almost exclusively in charcoal and lithography. He called his visionary works, conceived in shades of black, his noirs. It was not until 1878 that his work gained any recognition with Guardian Spirit of the Waters; he published his first album of lithographs, titled Dans le Rêve, in 1879. Still, Redon remained relatively unknown until the appearance in 1884 of a cult novel by Joris-Karl Huysmans titled À rebours (Against Nature). The story featured a decadent aristocrat who collected Redon's drawings.
In the 1890s pastel and oils became his favored media; he produced no more noirs after 1900. In 1899, he exhibited with the Nabis at Durand-Ruel's.
Redon had a keen interest in Hindu and Buddhist religion and culture. The figure of the Buddha increasingly showed in his work. Influences of Japonism blended into his art, such as the painting The Death of the Buddha around 1899, The Buddha in 1906, Jacob and the Angel in 1905, and Vase with Japanese warrior in 1905, amongst many others.
Baron Robert de Domecy (1867–1946) commissioned the artist in 1899 to create 17 decorative panels for the dining room of the Château de Domecy-sur-le-Vault near Sermizelles in Burgundy. Redon had created large decorative works for private residences in the past, but his compositions for the château de Domecy in 1900–1901 were his most radical compositions to that point and mark the transition from ornamental to abstract painting. The landscape details do not show a specific place or space. Only details of trees, twigs with leaves, and budding flowers in an endless horizon can be seen. The colours used are mostly yellow, grey, brown and light blue. The influence of the Japanese painting style found on folding screens byōbu is discernible in his choice of colours and the rectangular proportions of most of the up to 2.5 metres high panels. Fifteen of them are located today in the Musée d'Orsay, acquisitioned in 1988.
Domecy also commissioned Redon to paint portraits of his wife and their daughter Jeanne, two of which are in the collections of the Musée d'Orsay and the Getty Museum in California. Most of the paintings remained in the Domecy family collection until the 1960s.
In 1903 Redon was awarded the Legion of Honor. His popularity increased when a catalogue of etchings and lithographs was published by André Mellerio in 1913; that same year, he was given the largest single representation at the groundbreaking U.S. International Exhibition of Modern Art (aka Armory Show), in New York City, Chicago and Boston.
Redon died on 6 July 1916.
More Artwork by Odilon Redon (View all 193 Artworks)
Lumiere (Light) (1893)
Composition à trois personnages
Study of Man between Trees (1860–80)
The Gothic Window (1900)
The Shadow (L'Ombre) (1896-1900)
Druidesse (1891)
Bouquet of Flowers (ca. 1900–1905)


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Q: Change listing number separator I am working with the listings package and trying to change the separator from the default period to a hyphen. However, I cannot seem to figure out how to.
I tried the code snippet below, but it doesn't appear to be working.
\renewcommand{\thelstlisting}{\thechapter-\arabic{lstlisting}}
\documentclass[a4paper,10pt]{report}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage{listings}

\begin{document}
\chapter{The Chapter}

\begin{lstlisting}[caption=The Listing Caption, language=xml]
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8">
 <data>
    <format/>
 </data>
\end{lstlisting}

\end{document}

A: The \thelstlisting macro is defined via the \AtBeginDocument hook.
You can either re-define it after \begin{document}, or use the \AtBeginDocument hook yourself (recommended).
Code
\documentclass[a4paper,10pt]{report}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage{listings}
\AtBeginDocument{\renewcommand*{\thelstlisting}{\thechapter-\arabic{lstlisting}}}
\begin{document}
\chapter{The Chapter}
\begin{lstlisting}[caption=The Listing Caption, language=xml]
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8">
 <data>
    <format/>
 </data>
\end{lstlisting}
\end{document}

Output


The MiaMia collection is designed by Marguerite Hannah in London. Marguerite is also the designer of couture label Alan Hannah. As a classic designer wedding dress collection, MiaMia is elegant and beautifully cut. There are touches of luxurious lace and beading but the ethos is pure, clean with emphasis on perfect fit and creating the ultimate silhouette.


text:
Q: Invalid property 'environmentId' of bean class. Bean property 'environmentId' is not readable or has an invalid getter method I am returning model object in backend.I am trying to create drop down data from backend to front end..But i am getting not readable exception..
This is my code...
public class Customer {
private Environments envrironmentId;
private Environments environmentName;
 getters and setters
}

This is my controller layer.
@RequestMapping(value="/environments",method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public ModelAndView getenvironments(HttpServletRequest request,
            HttpServletResponse response,@ModelAttribute("customer") Customer customer,@RequestParam String selectedcustomername) throws Exception{
        System.out.println("selected cust name"+selectedcustomername);
        ModelAndView model = null;
        Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<String, Object>();
        List<org.mvc.domain.Environments> environmentNames = loginDelegate.getEnvironments(selectedcustomername);
        Collections.sort(environmentNames, new CustomComparator());

        for(int i=0;i<environmentNames.size()-1;i++){
            customer.setEnvrironmentId(environmentNames.get(0));
            customer.setEnvironmentName(environmentNames.get(1));
        }
        map.put("environmentNames", environmentNames);
        model = new ModelAndView("welcome", "map", map);
        return model;

    }

This is my Ui..
<form:form method="get" action="retrieve" modelAttribute="customer" commandName="customer">

    <b>Environment:</b>
                            <form:select path="environmentId" id="environmentDetails">
                            <option selected="selected">Select An Environment</option>
                            <form:options items="${map.environmentNamesList}" itemLabel="environmentName" itemValue="environmentId"/>
                            </form:select>
                         </td>

This is my error..
org.apache.jasper.JasperException: org.springframework.beans.NotReadablePropertyException: Invalid property 'environmentId' of bean class [org.mvc.domain.Customer]: Bean property 'environmentId' is not readable or has an invalid getter method: Does the return type of the getter match the parameter type of the setter?

can any one help me


For basic beat making, would an M-audio keyrig be worth the time, or is it better to upgrade?
I don't want to spend too much on a midi controller, since it's my first, but I want it to perform well like all my other gear. I am prepared to open the wallet a little wider for this item, but if I can save 300 bucks, I'd be happy.
Anyone had bad experiences with cheap midi controllers?
I played with the keyrig, feels but nice for cheap materials. Also it's pretty sturdy for what it is... but I wouldn't program a beat on it. I have a C-thru Axis 49 and is great for laying down drums.
I'm nowhere rich... I had some extra funds sometime ago not the case anymore... But for me I always bought stuff that was very well buit.
Instead of buying two midi controllers that are massproduced in China but the big guys for example I saved up a little and got myself a Monome (from the first batch).
Was one of the best buys ever. I can create via SevenUP for Live a complete track just with it. With instant visual feedback for drum programing etc.
So short answer : A keyrig is nice and not so expensive. But making a beat with visual feedback is something amazing and incomparable to a Keyrig.
The Novation Nocturn 25 is well built. But an M-audio Keyrig 25 would be just as effective in use. With most of the tracks you hear on radio, the producers always seem to claim that they were composed on cheap M-audio keyboards...whether that is a good or bad thing is anyone's guess.