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Hamlet essay
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"How successful was Claudius likely to be as a replacement for Hamlet Senior?" In what ways does Shakespeare present the central antagonist to Hamlet in this play?
It is argued among many critics that Claudius, no matter what his redeeming features may be within his psychological make-up, his failure to be a replacement as a father, Monarch and Courtier, are testament to the fact that he could never actually replace Hamlet Senior. Counteracting this viewpoint, though the court fails to be a place where justice overthrows all else, and becomes what can only be described as a "slaughter house", Claudius committed regicide for the reason that he was sure of what he wanted, which was to be everything that his brother was; a husband, father and Monarch. Having his desires fulfilled before his very eyes, Claudius would automatically look for qualities he posesses which are parallel to 'Old Hamlet's', in order to gain respect from Hamlet. These qualities to a certain extent already exist through his character's trait as a natural leader whereby he uses his skilled opportunism and his bold plotting;
"Now must your conscience my acquittance seal, and you must put me in your heart for friend"
These traits of character could be taught to Hamlet and Claudius could therefore succeed as a father figure. However, to succeed as a father figure Claudius would have to be supportive of his "son", which he is not, as we see him unsympathetically tell Hamlet to;
"throw to earth this unprevailing woe"
It is evident that Hamlet sees his father as the epitome of Kingship;
"Th' imperial jointress to this warlike state"
thus in order to come to a conclusion as to whether Claudius really was likely to be successful as a replacement for Hamlet Senior, I will pinpoint events which demonstrate where Claudius successfully and unsuccessfully conforms to the role of Hamlet Senior. In doing this I will also examine the context in which "Hamlet" was written, and the aims of Shakespeare within this Metaphysical period. This will provide me with a springboard into looking at whether Hamlet's tragic downfall occurred because one of the indications was the unlikelihood of Claudius being a successful replacement, because it will allow me to examine how far the reasons for Hamlet Junior wanting to avenge his father derive from his anger that Claudius cannot replace his father.
The events before the play enable me to extrapolate that Claudius was highly envious of his brother, for having a son a wife and a throne;
"We pray you throw to earth this unprevailing woe, and think of us as of a father, for let the world take note you are the most immediate to our throne; and with no less nobility of love than that which dearest father bears his son, do I impart toward you."(Act I sc.ii)
As a consequence of fulfilling his deep, obsessive, envious desire, he was bound to make the most of it and thus do his utmost to be loved as much as Hamlet Senior was loved. The role of Hamlet Senior as a father was to lead his son. As Claudius attempts to take over Hamlet's role as a father, Claudius has many qualities which may appear desirable and admirable to Hamlet, although he would never mention this to Claudius considering the context of the "incestuous" situation between Claudius and Gertrude. Claudius could teach Hamlet to feel more secure and confident in himself as Claudius is a bold plotter and a skilled opportunist;
"If he be now returned, as checking at his voyage, and that he means no more to undertake it, I will work him to an exploit, now ripe in my device, under which he shall not choose but fall. And for his death no wind of blame shall breathe but even his mother shall uncharge the practise, and call it an accident."(Act IV sc.vii)
Though these traits may have seemed odious to an Elizabethan audience, this is a trait which Hamlet, to an extent, would desire, as he himself is a protagonist and deeply resents his flaw of the inability to act, making endless self-comparisons and always self-dramatising;
"My thoughts be bloody, or be nothing worth."(Act IV.sc. iv)
Though this may be true, it must be recognised that these traits were only admirable to Hamlet to the extent that he desires the ability not to have scruples about the outcome, but to act, when honour is at stake, because these are the exact qualities which Hamlet calls into question when he sees them in Fortinbras;
"Two thousand souls and twenty thousand ducats will not debate the question of this straw. This is th' impostune of much wealth and peace, that inward breaks, and shows no cause without why the man dies."
Claudius is consequentially not the epitome of failure where a paternal guide is a requisite in the eyes of Hamlet. This having been stated, the moment Hamlet Senior dies, Hamlet expects to be closer to his mother in their time of grievance. However, Claudius intercepts Hamlet's expected closeness to his mother, which Hamlet is not likely to forgive Claudius for. Hamlet is unlikely to forgive Claudius not only because of the nature of the hurt he has caused Hamlet, but also because part of Hamlet's psychological make-up is to stick to his tribal values which derive from Leviticus in the Old Testament;
"An eye for an eye."
As a consequence of Hamlet not being able to forgive Claudius, Claudius does not gain the respect which Hamlet Senior gained from his son;
"Now to my word; it is Adieu, adieu, remember me. I have sworn't."(Act I sc.v)
Hamlet, knows that he cannot confide and trust in Claudius, neither as a father or as a King. Hamlet makes issues of the fact that Claudius cannot conform to the "paternal role" of Hamlet Senior after having killed him, also making issues of the fact that Claudius would also fail to be a successful replacement as a husband. Hamlet realises that these two brothers carry opposing characteristics, so it is therefore extremely difficult to suggest that Claudius can ever be a total replacement for Hamlet Senior;
"My father's brother, but no more like my father than I to Hercules."
This quote in context may actually suggest that Hamlet Junior and Claudius could have had an affinity, perhaps, if they were brothers, as the quote suggests that Claudius could not have had the possibilty of becoming Hamlet Senior, because of their difference in age. However, this suggests that Claudius and Hamlet did not have much of an age gap, and could therefore have got on, just as they most probably did before Claudius stole Hamlet's security; his father, mother, crown and hopes. There is no evidence to suggest that they did not have an affinity as uncle and nephew before the tables turned after "the deed" was commited. The very reason why Hamlet feels so inadequate is because of the massive political, personal and parental image of his late father. As a consequence of which, if Claudius had been himself, as before, a brother figure; "Hercules", then perhaps Hamlet would have had no reason to want to avenge Claudius. In Hamlet's eyes no one can replace his father. Hamlet needed Claudius' affinity as a brother, someone he could relate to, after the death of his father, not someone who would dictate to him. An example of what could have been between Hamlet and Claudius, is the relationship between Hamlet and Horatio.
Hamlet knows he can trust Horatio, as Horatio is not trying to dominate him. Hamlet recognises that Horatio is merely content with his friendship, whereas Claudius attempts to overpower Hamlet as a replacement father;
"For your intent in going back to school in Wittenberg, it is most retrograde to our desire; and we beseech you, bend you to remain here in the cheer and comfort of our eye, our chiefest courtier, cousin and our son."(Act I sc.ii)
Hamlet can therefore confide in Horatio as a friend, which is what he needed;
"As you are friends, scholars, and soldiers, Give me one poor request."(Act I sc.v)
Hamlet at this point, knew that his father was gone, and he knew that no-one could ever replace him, and he was not looking for a replacement.
Hamlet realises that Hamlet Senior represented structure for him, through him being able to depend on his father, and also left Hamlet without worry about his mother being neglected. This is not to say that Claudius neglected Gertrude, however Hamlet could never see that Claudius would be able to take care of Gertrude better than his late father, as Claudius' devious and calculating character has already been demonstrated to Hamlet;
"Now must your conscience my acquittance seal"
Hamlet can therefore never fully trust Claudius. Consequentially, Claudius can never, for Hamlet, replace Hamlet Senior's role as a father successfully;
"So excellent a King, that waste this Hyperion to a Satyr, so loving to my mother...."(Act I sc.ii)
Hamlet, later, in Act III sc.(iv) reflects and compares what his father was to what his uncle is;
"......the counterfeit presentment of two brothers. See what a grace was seated on this brow......Where every God did seem to set his seal to give the world assurance of a man. This was your husband. Look you now what follows: Here is your husband like a mildewed ear, blasting his wholesome brother. Have you eyes?.... You cannot call it love for at your age the hey-day in the blood is tame, .....and what judgement would step from this to this?"
Hamlet fulfils his aim within this soliloquy, to shame his mother;
"Thou turn'st my eyes into my very soul and there I see such black and grained spots."
We see here the sheer hatred which Hamlet bears for Claudius. A central reason for Hamlet bearing hatred for Claudius derives not solely from the "incestuous" deed which Claudius committed, but because Hamlet had had his heart and mind set on becoming King;
"popped in between election and my hopes."
Claudius, however, interfered and inflicted on Hamlet Junior a real, and not a supposed wrong, when Claudius stole Hamlet Junior's crown and married his mother. As a consequence of which, without Hamlet even knowing whether the murder of his father was really committed by Claudius, he has rights to want to avenge Claudius, because he took away from Hamlet;
"my hopes"
Which results in Claudius not likely to be a successful replacement for Hamlet Senior, as the role which he desires to play, as Hamlet's father;
"With no less nobility of love than that which dearest father bears his son,
do I impart toward you."
can therefore not be possible, as the trust which should be present between father and son, as is present between Hamlet Senior and Hamlet Junior;
"Now to my word;.........I have sworn't."
is not present between Claudius and Hamlet Junior.
Paralleling the wrong Claudius inflicted on Hamlet Junior, is the wrong also, which Hamlet feels Claudius has committed on the people of Denmark, as he feels that the people have got a bad King through deception. Throughout "Hamlet" Shakespeare makes issues about which characteristics would make for a "good" King. Through Hamlet's decision of passing the crown to Fortinbras at the end of the play, we see that Shakespeare suggests that a King needs to be a man of war;
"Young Fortinbras, with conquest come from Poland, to th' ambassadors of England gives this warlike volley"(Act V sc. ii)
It can be said from a certain perspective that Claudius, however efficient a Monarch he might have been, wouldn't have made a "good" King. Evidence to support this theory derive from, for example Branagh's making of the film of "Hamlet", where he presented Hamlet Senior as an ideal figurehead for the court of Elsinore by displaying him as a statue dominating the castle of Elsinore, therefore respected by the Court. The fact that this statue was destroyed by Fortinbras, is in itself language, spoken without words. Here, words are not necessary, it is evident that Branagh has realised through his reading of Hamlet, that the destruction of this figurehead was bound to have repercussions, considering so many people in the Court of Elsinore respected Hamlet Senior. The reasons behind this theory are because Shakespeare's presentation of the Court of Elsinore is very much one of hypocrisy behind the Court, not least is the hypocrisy which arises from
Claudius' character. As Hamlet remarks, Claudius manages to carry on leading the life of a King, just as if the events of the previous month had ceased to exist, which is extremely hypocritical of him;
"within a month-.......O most wicked speed, to post with such dexterity to incestuous sheets."
As a result of this Claudius is not likely to be a good replacement for Hamlet Senior because one thing that Hamlet Senior was not, was a hypocrite. He ruled his Court justly, and gained the respect of many people, not least of all his son. Hamlet Senior also kept public and private life separate, whereas Claudius intermingles the public life of the Court with the private life of his newly found "family". Perhaps the epitome of this is where he uses his powers as Monarch in order to get rid of Hamlet, because he feels that Hamlet is encroaching on his private business;
"I like him not, nor stands it safe with us to let his madness range, therefore prepare you; I your commission will forthwith dispatch, and he to England shall along with you."
Claudius also epitomises the rottenness which Hamlet sees in Denmark, because as Claudius demonstrates when he is in the public eye;
"We know that he knows his inner rottenness" (critical essay by Kenneth McLeish)
Hamlet will therefore further disrespect Claudius, which, will destroy Claudius' status both as a father and as a Monarch. Claudius will therefore not fulfil his desire to;
"Make himself 'every inch a King' (to borrow Lear's phrase about himself)" (critical essay by Kenneth McLeish)
Another of Hamlet Senior's roles was as a Courtier, therefore, a main area to consider when determining whether Claudius would have been a likely successful replacement for Hamlet Senior is to explore what Hamlet Senior represented, not only to his son, and to Gertrude, but also what he meant to the Court of Elsinore. It is important to consider what the Court of Elsinore thought of Hamlet Senior, as it is supposedly their lives that he should have cared for, as his role as King also involved making decisions for dynastic reasons, to protect his Empire. A Courtier is also what Hamlet feels he has lost. He feels that the peak of the pyramid has gone, and has been replaced by Claudius who will make the pyramid crumble;
"Nothing but to show you how a king may go a progress through the guts of a beggar."
Hamlet plays with words here, getting the point across that Claudius can never be as good a Monarch and Courtier as his father, as carried out his work through Polonius, and now that Polonius is dead, he has nowhere to turn, he will therefore crumble, dragging the Court down with him. This is true of all Royal families within Elizabethan times, considering that Parliament did not exist in taking decisions for the Court of Elsinore. Therefore, if a crisis hits the Royal family, it undermines the State, and will overthrow the dynasty.
Horatio not only serves as an insight into Hamlet's humane characteristics, but also, Horatio manages to speak for the whole of the Court of Elsinore when he says;
"...in which our valiant Hamlet-for so this side of our known world esteemed him."
We can trust what Horatio believes is true for the rest of the court, as Shakespeare presents Horatio as an upright citizen and a true friend. The events of the end of the play are testament to this as they demonstrate that on hearing Hamlet's request to restore honour to his name by telling the true story, Horatio agrees to satisfy Hamlet's wishes, making a speech to Fortinbras;
"Let me speak to the yet unknowing world how these things came about..."
Hamlet respects Horatio's opinion, and knows himself that his father is valiant and was much respected. This idealistic image which the Court has of Hamlet Senior is bound to set the values on which they will judge Claudius. However, Claudius can never compare to what Fortinbras was seen as in this respect, as Claudius is not a "Tribe leader", like Hamlet Senior;
"Hamlet.... did slay this Fortinbras, who by a sealed compact, well ratified by law and heraldry, did forfeit with his life, all those his lands which he stood seized of to the conqueror."(Act I sc.i)
and also like Hamlet Junior. His decisions are not made for dynastic reasons, but rather for selfish and calculating reasons;
"To bear all smooth and even, this sudden sending him away must seem deliberate pause. Diseases desperate grown by desperate appliance are relieved, or not at all."(Act IV sc. iii)
We see from the beginning of the play that Hamlet recognises the corruption present in Claudius, which was not present in Hamlet Senior. Hamlet infers this from the fact that Claudius holds drunken parties, solely on the basis that he will gain friends to aid his own purposes, thus buying friendship;
"The kettle drum and trumpet thus bray out the triumph of his pledge."
Hamlet here, not only attacks the fact that Claudius gains friendship in the wrong way, but also the fact that Claudius is diminishing the reputation of the Court, by giving it a 'bad' name through it's drinking habits;
"They clepe us drunkards, and with swinish phrase soil our addition."
As Hamlet suggests, there is plenty of corruption within the Court, which he believes is caused by Claudius. Part of Hamlet Senior's role was being a good father, and therefore gaining the trust of his son. Claudius therefore does not conform to this role in this respect and is unlikely to be a successful replacement, if taking Hamlet's predominantly subjective viewpoint, where he only occasionally takes an objective view of Claudius, through looking through the eyes of the Court of Elsinore, where it may be considered therefore that Hamlet takes public revenge for a state crime. However, Hamlet is quite a self-absorbed character, which Shakespeare demonstrates through Hamlet's wallowing in self-pity, using a monosyllabic listing technique in order to portray Hamlet in a negative light as a selfish and subjective character;
"I do not know why yet I live to say 'This thing's to do', Sith I have cause and will, and strength, and means"
Hamlet considers Claudius to be creating corruption in the Court not only because of the points previously mentioned, but also because Hamlet disagrees with Claudius' timing of holding a party. Hamlet is distressed that Claudius is holding a party under the circumstances present, these circumstances being that his father has just died, and Hamlet has lost the crown which he believed was rightfully his. The fact that Hamlet believes that Claudius has "stolen" the crown, is evident through the political rhetoric used by Shakespeare;
"....sometime sister...."
Hamlet constantly compares Claudius' inability to conform to his father's role as a man of war with as much vengeance that he uses to speak of his anger at the fact that Claudius has definitively "stolen" the crown, being a "proper" man. Shakespeare shows us through the language used, Hamlet's contrast in opinion of the two brothers, using soft consonants and assonance to portray the awe felt by Hamlet and also by the rest of the Court when considering Hamlet Senior;
"A was a man"
and using hard consonants to compare the two men and to metaphorically represent through the language, the "hard" nature of Claudius, saying that Claudius was rather a;
"Pestilencial collection of evil."
conforming appropraitely to McLeish's criticism of Claudius;
"alternately swaggering and cringing but always evil"
through the corruption he creates within the Court, and thus, conforming to the analogy at the beginning of the play of the serpent representing disease, disguise and mistrust, Claudius meets his end as he is made to drink the poison he created, which is a good technique of symmetry used by Shakespeare. This whole notion of poison and corruption is portrayed by Shakespeare through metaphors. A prime example of this is the;
"Poisoned ring"
of the cup at the end of the dual scene. This punning metaphor represents the poisoned and corrupted marriage rings of Gertrude and Claudius who were bound to death through the
fact that Hamlet did not see in them what he desired to see and feel in an ideal surface for "family" life. Families are where we learn how to feel, and we learn how to feel through genetic inheritence and economic support and survival. As in "King Lear", a family crisis is dealt with, and the ideal surface for family life is perverted. Hamlet is bound to feel resentful of this, and thus the marriage ring is bound to be "poisoned", for an upset in Royal family life involves everyone close to the Monarch, whether through choice or through doom. As a consequence of which Hamlet feels that his "family" life has become a prison. Evidence of this can be found whilst Hamlet is conversing with Rosencrantz and Guildenstern;
"Hamlet:What have you, my good friends deserved at the hands of Fortune, that she sends you to prison hither?
Guildenstern: Prison my lord?
Hamlet: Denmark's a prison."
Hamlet here refers strongly to the State and to what he reckons upon, perhaps, as his "so called family" which Claudius has deprived him of. The fact that Hamlet feels he has lost his "real" family through the loss of his father, gives space for the "alternative" members of family to breathe life in the play. Hamlet has three "alternative" families, the first of these being the comradeship of the soldiers, such as Marcellus and Barnardo;
"Marcellus:How is't my noble lord?"(Act I sc.v)
The second family "alternative" transcended upon Hamlet is the friendship which he deeply trusts, that of Horatio. Horatio is an honest and philosophical man whom he can fully trust because he has no association at all with Claudius, Hamlet's "perceived" enemy. Finally, the third family "alternative" for Hamlet is found within the company of Players. We see this because of the language which Hamlet uses. Hamlet talks to the Players with the same amount of affection and the same amount of eloquence as he uses to talk to Yorick;
"You are welcome masters, welcome all."
Hamlet evidently respects the Players through this eloquence, as a sense of awe comes accross through Shakespeare's use of assonance, as came across when Hamlet remembered the nobility and gentilesse of Yorick;
"Alas poor Yorick! I knew him Horatio, a fellow of infinite jest, of most excellent fancy; he hath borne me on his back a thousand times, and now how abhorred in my imagination it is- my gorge rises at it. Here hung those lips that I have kissed I know not how oft." (Act V sc.i)
This epitomises the direct similarity of feeling towards both Yorick and the Players, in contrast with Claudius. These indirect members of Hamlet's "family" succeed in gaining Hamlet's trust as they do not try to rule his life, as Claudius does, in trying to replace Hamlet Senior's role as Hamlet's father, which as we see through these alternative members of Hamlet's family's success as "family members", is not what Hamlet desires.
Though Hamlet may consider it wise to leave Claudius doomed to failure as a successor, it must not be ignored that Claudius still does have redeeming features, and is not merely a ;
"Damned smiling villain."
Claudius has feelings of conscience about murdering Hamlet's father, his brother, as shown in Act III sc.(iii);
"O my offence is rank, it smells to heaven; it hath the primal eldest curse upon't a brother's murder."
This also helps to build up the humanity which Shakespeare wanted to create for his characters, which would make Claudius more likely to be a "good" King if he is humane. Suggesting therefore, that Claudius does have a humane side, the likelihood that he can replace Hamlet Senior accumulates as Claudius' characteristic becomes parrallel to Hamlet Senior's trait of humanity and sensibility.
A stronger argument in supporting Claudius' successful takeover as monarch is that Claudius does actually love Gertrude;
"Gertrude do not drink....(Aside) It is the poisoned cup; it is too late."(Act V. sc. ii)
The fact that he loves Gertrude is important in explaining why Claudius is more likely to be a successful replacement for Hamlet Senior because, Hamlet admired and respected his father because of the devotion and love he showed towards her. Hamlet felt secure so long as his parents loved each other. Hamlet is therefore more likely to respect Claudius if Claudius loves Hamlet's mother. If Claudius thus gains respect from Hamlet, he is therefore more likely to fill Hamlet Senior's role as a father for Hamlet.
Considering still, the amount of respect that Claudius needs to gain in order to be able to replace Hamlet Senior, another of Claudius' redeeming features is his negotiating skills, and also his ability to be an efficient Monarch which are important in gaining respect. Claudius is an efficient Monarch, because although he does not use violence to solve the problems of the Court, as did Hamlet Senior;
Claudius does use his negotiating skills to run the Court of Elsinore, and he uses pawns such as Rosencrantz and Guildenstern to run around for him;
"We don't question, we don't doubt. We perform."(Quote from "Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are dead" by Tom Stoppard)
It is important also, to take into consideration the fact that Claudius likely foresaw himself as a successful replacement to the throne, otherwise he would not have commited regicide,and fractricide. We know this because of the way in which Shakespeare chooses to present Claudius. He chooses to present Claudius as an intelligent and decisive King;
"Arm you I pray to this speedy voyage, for we will fetters put upon this fear which now goes too free-footed."
The inference we are given here is that Claudius realised that there was scope for him to be a successful replacement for Hamlet Senior. The way in which Shakespeare chooses to present characters is very much in line with the other playwrights of his time, within the Metaphysical period. The Metaphysical period was a period of innovation in play writing, where an analysis of the human condition was focused on. Although I have previously stated that some critics believe that Hamlet could never forgive Claudius, which is justified in it's own right, other critics claim otherwise as the aims of the playwrights within this period suggested that within human nature is the aspect of sensibility and consequently the tendency of forgiveness. It was therefore more likely that Claudius' sins would be forgiven by Hamlet. Also, within the human condition is the aspect of forgiveness after time, it was therefore a possibility that Hamlet would come to accept Claudius' replacement of his father on the throne. The fact that Hamlet does not come to forgive and accept Claudius as a father defies the object of the question, as I am considering the psychological make-up of the characters and the overall context as opposed to the actual events of the play. The main point is, if this view point were to be argued, Claudius could have been a likely replacement, if only considering the innovative aims of the Metaphysical period in which Shakespeare wrote.
However, if we are to consider the way in which Claudius' "incestuous" deed affected the notion addressed by the Metaphysical period, we may arrive at a different conclusion. Paralleling Aeneas' flaw which was his necessity to fight, which destroyed 'Dido Queen of Carthage', within the play by Christopher Marlowe, as this signalled to her that he did not
love her, so too did Hamlet's flaw of the inability to act on instinct, culminate in his death, and many other characters' death, who were close to him. This aim of the Metaphysical period which addressed the notion of tragedy caused by man's flaws determined that from the start Claudius was not likely to be a successful replacement for Hamlet Senior, as Claudius committed the deed which provided a springboard for the synthesis of the tragedy of Hamlet's flaws, as Hamlet was never completely certain about his plan for vengeance on Claudius.
However, if Shakespeare had not "constructed" the characters to commit the actions they do, and therefore if Claudius had not committed the "incestuous" deed which provided the springboard for the synthesis of the tragedy of Hamlet's flaws, Claudius would consequently not be King, leaving Hamlet to the throne, as he so desperately desired. However, as suggested throughout the play by Shakespeare, Hamlet would not be a "good" replacement for his father because although there are two sides to Hamlet, his "Tribal" side;
"So art thou to revenge, when thou shalt hear"
and his speculative side; his speculative and protagonistic side gets the better of him;
"A thought which quartered hath but one part wisdom, and ever three parts coward-"(Act IV sc.iv)
which is his fatal flaw as a tragic hero, and as Schiller, a Philosopher in 1760, said;
"He who reflects too much will accomplish little".
Extrapolation of events throughout the play, the context in which the play was written and the innovative aims of Shakespeare lead me to the conclusion that despite the many redeeming features which Claudius bore, as a "good" leader, father and husband,despite also the fact that Claudius presents himself as a better man than Hamlet Senior in the respect that Hamlet Senior truly was the epitome of evil, a real villain, whereby he asks of his son, the impossible. Hamlet manipulates his paternal role, asking his son to take revenge for him, committing the act of murder. In doing so Hamlet Senior is asking his son to commit a crime which he will not only pay debts for in mortal life, but in his afterlife aswell. Here, Hamlet Senior can be seen as dooming his son to eternal damnation. If we were to take this as the criteria for judging Claudius, we would see a parallel of evil within them both, however, Shakespeare emphasises Hamlet's resentment of the fact that now that Claudius has taken over as Monarch, Hamlet's ideal of a perfect
"family" life has been perverted. Not only does Hamlet perceive Claudius as evil through the fact that he has "stolen" his crown, and his father, but he also deeply resents the fact that Claudius has taken away from him the possibility to be close to his mother and has fabricated for Hamlet an irretrievable notion of "family life". This notion is epitomised through the fact that absolutely nowhere within the play, is the word "family" used. The only slight exception to this is used within the context of the Polonius family;
"Be thou familiar but by no means vulgar"
But never is the word used in conjunction with the Hamlet family, for Hamlet, the notion of "family" now ceases to exist. The Court of Elsinore have lost a King and Courtier;
"Th' imperial jointress to this warlike state."
So too has Hamlet. As a consequence of which, Claudius, the image of corruption and of disease;
"Most lazar-like, with vile and loathesome crust all my smooth body. Thus I was sleeping, by a brother's hand of life, of crown, of queen, at once dispatched"
can never replace such a highly regarded King. Branagh's statue of Hamlet Senior will never be transfigured into that of Claudius. Hamlet will not let it be so, his tragic downfall will occur through the inspiration from a father once so admired, by all, and also through revenge of what Hamlet perceived as a State crime, the infiltration of the private world into the public world, thus the overthrowing of a dynasty;
"O cursed spite that ever I was born to set it right."
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Bahubali: The Beginning -*(*)
Posted: February 12, 2016 in 2015, Adventure, Drama, India, War, X1/2
Tags: bahubali
A nice thing about travelling with companies like Qatar Airways is that they have Bollywood movies! Sure, you can rent them online (iTunes), buy an illegal copy in a Pakistani run night shop or drive to the nearest Bollywood cinema (there aren't many in 'The West'), but somehow it's a must to watch one on a plane flying East.
Bahubali is an epic production about an (imaginary) kingdom, which has been run by a tyrant for many years and whose rightful heir to the throne grew up as an orphan in a far away land unaware of his royal blood. The kid (rescued from a river down a majestic waterfall) grows up to be a strong and adventurous man who is keen on climbing the waterfall rock and discover the land above. Of course he manages to do so (guided by a stunning female spirit) and when he is there he joins a rebel group trying to rescue the captivated queen (the boy's real mother). But just when you think the end credits will roll, another story is told as a flashback, which takes almost as long as the first tale. It is supposed to help you understand why the boy was taken away, but it only confuses more.
It's all very corny, but it's fun. It's filled with clichés (hero wears a moustache of course, strong female character succumbs for the macho man of course), but there are some surprises. Some special effects are great (the battle scenes could come from the Lord Of The Ring-trilogy), others are ridiculous (the hero making it to the top of the waterfall). There is little singing and dancing (in case you find this a turn off), and the romance isn't all that dramatic.
Dabba (The Lunchbox) – **
Posted: September 29, 2014 in 2013, Drama, India, Romance, XX
A young Indian woman prepares a lunchbox for her husband and puts a lot of effort into it, hoping that her cooking will rekindle their love. It's soon clear that the lunchbox gets delivered to another man: a grumpy accountant, who's reluctantly in charge of training the guy that will replace him once he retires. However, the lunchbox becomes the highlight of his day and when the woman puts a little letter in it to check if it really gets delivered wrongly, he replies and they start a letter correspondence.
The idea is great. For a book. The fact that they write letters to each other, doesn't really translate well on the screen. The back and forward reading of the letters is filmed with added visual drama, but it doesn't help. The preparation of the lunchbox on the other hand is filmed like cooking shows should be made. Eat before you watch this movie or you'll be really hungry for the entire two hours. Irrfan Khan transformation from being an unpleasant prick to a gentle smiler is predictable, but well done. Too bad there's almost no humor, unless you find the annoying assistant's dumb behavior funny.
And in case you are worried: no, there are no Bollywood dance routines.
Rock On – *
Posted: September 18, 2014 in 2008, Drama, India, Musical, X
Okay, not all modern Bollywood movies are good.
This is pretty bad.
The story itself is very basic: A decade ago, four friends were ready to hit it big as a rock band, but split even before the first album was recorded. Now, all of them lead a different life and by change they get together again. To make it into a 2,5 hour movie the story is told with flashbacks, several side stories and a lot of long sequences of the rock music the band was supposed to be successful with. The flashbacks and side stories work, but the music is horrible.
It's a low budget movie that scored well, in India. The story is told in a simple, but efficient and truthful way. The acting is amateur, but not annoying. But the editing is terrible. Horrible really. And there is no humor at all. Zero laughs in 2,5 hours, which is too long anyhow.
Just skip this one.
Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara – ***
Posted: September 9, 2014 in 2011, Comedy, Coming Of Age, Dramedy, India, Road Trip, Romance, romcom, XXX
Tags: Bollywood, Farhan Aktar, Spain, Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara
Three (rich) Indian friends go on a road trip in Spain after one of them got engaged. It's not a true bachelor trip however. Two of them haven't really been on speaking terms for a while, but this trip may get them back together and each of them have their own demons to deal with. One is a busy stock broker who misses out on happiness as he puts his career first. The other just learned his natural father is an artist living in Spain. And the engaged one has unexpressed doubts about his upcoming marriage.
It's a shame that this movie did not get a widespread release. It's a great tale of three friends coming of adult age with the right balance of adventure, humor, drama and dance. After all, it is made in Bollywood. However, the only dance routine is a welcome surprise as it mixes the typical Bollywood dance routines with flamenco! The movie is filled with pleasant surprises. The acting is great. India's superhero star Hrithik Roshan shows he does have talent (apart from flexing his muscles), Farhan Aktar has that Gene Kelly-charm that just makes him loved by everyone and Abhay Deol makes this perfectly cast trio complete. There are also great parts for independent women! Katrina Kaif plays a diving instructor who knows exactly how to deal with the three boys. Two of the most famous Spanish festivals play an important part: the tomato throwing festival and the bull running event. And the whole movie is one big commercial for Indians to visit Spain: Barcelona, Ronda, Seville, Pamplona, the Costa Brava… It's a perfect promo movie for the country. The humor is simple, but clever. The story just makes sense. It feels real.
Too bad it's so long and the Hindi poetry and play of words get lost in translation.
Great surprise!
Bhaag Milkha Bhaag – ***1/2
Posted: February 22, 2014 in 2013, biopic, Drama, Historical, India, Sportsdrama, XXX1/2
Milkha Singh is an Indian sports hero who won several 400m races from the mid fifties until the early sixties. Bhaag Milkha Bhaag means Run Milkha, Run and tells the story of how this man became the fastest Indian ever.
It's three hours long, but it never bores. The directing and editing are really good and quite different from the typical Bollywood movies. Nothing we haven't seen in any Hollywood or Eastern Asian movie, but very enjoyable. The storytelling uses a lot of flashbacks, jumping between different periods in the mans life. But it's never confusing or predictable. The compulsory dance & chant scenes are limited and the soundtrack is surprisingly cool with heavy guitar riffs during the action scenes. And the acting is superb. Especially by Farhan Akhtar in the leading role. This guy isn't just a pretty boy, he also has the talent to move the audience in every funny, emotional and physical scene. That smile. Those expressions. That body!
This is an interesting biopic with the right balance between entertainment and drama. Life for Milkha was hard, surviving a massacre as a child, becoming an orphan, growing up as a petty thief, entering the army, competing with India's elitist athletes and facing his own demons. You start rooting for this guy from the very first scene to the last one.
There are a lot of superfluous (but not necessarily bad) scenes that prevent this from being a classic masterpiece. But it's a must nevertheless.
Check out this training scene:
It also has scenes like these:
Krrish 3 – *1/2
Posted: February 19, 2014 in 2013, Action, Fantasy, India, Science Fiction, X1/2
A paralysed Magneto vs a masked Superman, Bollywood style!
That's the easiest way to describe this Indian blockbuster. It's long and has three boring and silly musical sequences. The special effects are dated, the fight scenes weird, the editing is horrible, there is no cinematography at all.
But it's a Bollywood superhero movie ! Which makes it funny. Fuck Hollywood, they must think in Mumbai, we want to see Indian good vs evil. And it works somehow. I totally enjoyed this pulp. And muscle king Hrithik Roshan may act like Steven Seagal or Jean Claude Van Damme, he somehow gets away with it better.
English Vinglish – **
Posted: July 2, 2013 in 2012, Comedy, Dramedy, India, X1/2
I always feel bad for dissing a well intended movie that has a lot of merits but also a lot of painfully bad moments. Some movies aim to please everybody and become so fake that it makes you throw up. No pity for them. But other movies please a large audience because of their sincerity, purity and sweetness, without actually aiming to do so. English Vinglish is one of the latter. You can see that everybody on the set just wanted to make a nice movie with a positive message and some jokes that will offend no-one. That's fine, but it's all so harmless. Yawn.
Indian actress Sridevi is excellent as Shashi Godbole, a young Indian mother who feels trapped in her marriage with a husband and kids who only see her as a woman who cooks well. – you'll want to eat ladoos by the end of the movie – Her biggest frustration is that everyone around her seems to able to speak English, which makes her look (and feel) very dumb. When she's sent to New York to help assist at the wedding of her niece, she picks up a language course and finally finds appreciation. Sridevi really carries the movies. Any viewer will empathize with her character. She's that traditional woman who is in doubt about her capabilities and duties. New York unleashes an independent woman in her and it's clear she has no idea what to do with this new 'freedom'.
All the other characters however, are incredibly stereotypical and the music is TER-RI-BLE. As a linguist and a friend of many language teachers, I got really annoyed by the teacher and the way he addressed his pupils. If this is how language is taught in NYC than it's no wonder so many people still struggle with 'the' English. What a bozo. And did he really needed to be flamboyantly gay? Sure, it's all over acting, but it really wasn't funny. Same thing with the songs. Could they BE more tacky? I'm a pretty tolerant guy when it comes to music, but this soundtrack is the worst I've heard in ages. Moreover, when the songs interrupt the story, there's hardly any dancing (apart from at the wedding). No, the director decided to show snapshots of NYC during the cheesy indian pop tunes. There's this one song that names all kinds of fashion designer stores in Manhattan and it will make you want to put in another movie to watch. TER-RI-BLE.
But in the end it's a nice and sweet movie that will please a lot of people, especially women who might relate to the fact that in some cultures women still have duties to fulfill even though they have dreams of doing something completely different.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Humboldt-University, Berlin
The Library of the Humboldt-University, founded in 1831, is the oldest University Library in Berlin and owns more than 6 million items in its 12 locations. The UL is the University's central institution for the supply of scientific literature. Furthermore, it can be used by the general public. The University Art Collection (Kustodie) and the University Archive are part of the University Library as well.
Besides current scientific literature the UL has a large collection of historical and rare items, such as the Grimm Library, a collection of portraits of the university's professors and a collection of theses.
The historical stock offers valuable sources to the history of science and the publishing history in Berlin. Remarkably, the University Library suffered from a rather small loss of stock during the 2nd World War. Due to the reference copy law many rare items were included into the library's historical collection until 1970.
What is an EOD eBook?
For libraries: become an EOD library
What is an EOD reprint?
For libraries: provide the service
https://search.books2ebooks.eu/


text:
Maggie Steed
Maggie Steed performed in four productions at Half Moon Theatre on Alie Street, then returned in 1979 and 1986 to the New Half Moon Theatre on Mile End Road for Hamlet and Sink the Belgrano!
Productions and Participation
The Resistible Rise of Arturo Ui (1978) The Barker, Butcher, Prosecutor, Woman
The Machine Wreckers (1978) The Beggar
Guys and Dolls (1979) Miss Adelaide
Woyzeck/Mahagonny/Chobam Armour (1979) Marie
Hamlet (1979) Gertrude
Sink the Belgrano! (1986) Maggot
Actor, Maggie Steed talks about performing in Mahagonny at Half Moon Theatre on Alie Street, which was re-written as Chobham Armour by Robin Hooper and Robin Soans, since the company couldn't get the rights to the play. The cast had to eat various dinner courses throughout the performance, including dead dog!
Maggie Steed talks about performing in The Machine Wreckers at Half Moon Theatre on Alie Street. She recalls the amazing set designed by Mick Bearwish. She recalls having to start the play hiding in a net which hung above the stage and worrying she might fall asleep.
Maggie Steed shares her memories of playing Miss Adelaide in Guys And Dolls at Half Moon Theatre on Alie Street in 1979. The production had a cast of only seven which meant the male performers had to play the Hot Box Girls.
Maggie Steed talks about performing in Hamlet, the first production after Half Moon Theatre moved from Alie Street to the Mile End Road. As it was an empty building, it was a promenade production with Frances de la Tour in the title role.
Maggie Steed recalls performing in Steven Berkoff's Sink The Belgrano! at Half Moon Theatre on the Mile End Road. She played Maggot (Margaret Thatcher) and talks about the politics behind the production.
Maggie Steed reminisces about the Half Moon Theatre on Alie Street and how, out of all the theatres she has worked in, it is her favourite. She recalls using bits of the building to have a fire in the fireplace, so they could keep warm. Interviewed by Kavana Joyett.


text:
Q: Query - Opportunities where last Stage change date is this calendar year I am struggling to get a query constructed to  Opportunities where last Stage change date is this calendar year.
SELECT Actual_Decision_Year_DE__c, Decision_Outcome_Details__c, Delegate_Days_del__c, Delegates__c, Event_Rating__c, Event_Year__c, Name, PrimaryReasonWon__c, Sector__c
FROM Opportunity
WHERE ***Last Stage Change Date*** = THIS_YEAR AND StageName = 'Bid Won' AND Opportunity_Record_Type__c = 'Association' ORDER BY Event_Year__c ASC

A: Unless you have a custom field that was specifically made to track this, Opportunity isn't the right object to base your query on...or rather not the only object to base your query on
Opportunity, by itself, can only give you information about the last time the record was changed (via LastModifiedDate or SystemModStamp for modifications originating by users or users/automated processes respectively). It can't tell you what field was changed.
Instead, you'll want to use the special history object that Opportunity has, OpportunityHistory
This object tracks changes to StageName, Probability, Amount, and CloseDate
To accomplish what you're trying to do, you'll probably end up using a semi-join. A semi-join is something of the form
[SELECT <Fields> FROM <Object> WHERE Id IN (SELECT <Matching Id field> FROM <Related Object>)]
A query inside of a query.
Combining everything together, your target query should look something like
[SELECT Id FROM Opportunity WHERE Id IN (SELECT OpportunityId FROM OpportunityHistory WHERE CreatedDate = THIS_YEAR AND <other criteria here>)]
Be aware that OpportunityHistory doesn't tell you which field was changed either. It's more of a snapshot of those select standard fields at a point in time when any one of them changed.
You may not be able to do this with a query alone. In which case you'd probably need to perform a parent-child subquery like [SELECT Id, (SELECT StageName FROM OpportunityHistories ORDER BY CreatedDate ASC) FROM Opportunity WHERE <Criteria>] and then iterate over the OpportunityHistory for each Opportunity to figure out exactly when the StageName was changed.
You could then store the OpportunityId in a collection if the CreatedDate matches your expectations.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


To compose a strong argumentative essay, students should start by familiarizing themselves https://books.google.gr/books?id=4EWRw1Cmu_0C&pg=PA66&lpg=PA66&dq=site:+edu&source=bl&ots=hOxYGef9_S&sig=7uHGYG5A_V-peBIGG9FWMg4VrIc&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiZ2duUgbzcAhWMTcAKHR_kBIsQ6AEIjQEwGg with a number of the common, and frequently conflicting, positions on the research topic so they can write an educated paper. There are guidelines provided on how best to compose high school essays. What's more, there are additional things you have to think about when seeking to compose your essay for school.
How significant is academic creating for your researcher?


text:
Senate infrastructure negotiators set to meet with Biden with 'framework' in place
The bipartisan group of Senators negotiating an infrastructure package will head to the White House to meet with President Joe Biden on Thursday.
The lawmakers appeared optimistic after closed-door meetings with White House officials Wednesday.
"We've agreed to a framework on the entire package," Sen. Mitt Romney, R-Utah, told reporters Wednesday afternoon. "Republicans and Democrats have come together along with the White House, and we've agreed on a framework and we're going to be heading to the White House tomorrow."
This appears to put lawmakers on firmer path to deliver on one of Biden's top legislative priorities after weeks of impasse over the details of the massive package. However, lawmakers signaled that no final deal is certain, particularly because of the bill's proposed $2.25 trillion price tag.
Biden's American Jobs Plan would be funded by higher taxes on corporations. Republicans, however, want a smaller cost and have opposed raising corporate taxes.
"I think we have a good, balanced group of [funding sources], and that was important to both sides. I will say, in good faith, we tried to get there. We didn't agree on everything, but we were able to get there," said Sen. Rob Portman, R-Ohio, who is leading the GOP negotiators.
"We've had a framework as you know for the last couple of weeks, and we have 21 of us agreeing to that. Now we're going to fan out and talk to" colleagues, he said.
Yet, neither side has laid out any specifics of the agreed-upon framework. White House officials also met with House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, D-Calif., and Senate Majority Leader Chuck Schumer, D-N.Y., on Wednesday, but they did not disclose any additional details.
"I would call this a much sturdier framework," Sen. Mark Warner, D-Va., said. "We wouldn't be going to the White House if we didn't think we had something."
Sen. Susan Collins, R-Maine, acknowledged that briefing Biden and leadership on both sides is "the last big step."
She added, "It's really important that before we go home, we get the details ironed out. But considering where we started and where we are, both sides negotiated in good faith and this is important."
Julie Tsirkin
Julie Tsirkin is a producer and reporter for NBC News' Capitol Hill team.
Dartunorro Clark
Dartunorro Clark covers politics, including the Covid-19 recovery, for NBC News.
Novak Djokovic, Ashleigh Barty Are Top Seeds; Roger Federer, Serena Williams 7th
RIL AGM today: Where to watch live on YouTube, Facebook and Twitter


text:
New hotel chain proposes Town of Brookfield site
A new Hilton-branded hotel chain that operates in just four states wants to open its first Wisconsin location in the Town of Brookfield.
New hotel chain proposes Town of Brookfield site A new Hilton-branded hotel chain that operates in just four states wants to open its first Wisconsin location in the Town of Brookfield. Check out this story on jsonline.com: https://jsonl.in/2wT3hKy
Tom Daykin, Milwaukee Journal Sentinel Published 10:37 a.m. CT Aug. 30, 2017 | Updated 2:12 p.m. CT Aug. 30, 2017
An empty Town of Brookfield office building would be demolished and replace by a Tru by Hilton hotel under a new proposal.(Photo: Tom Daykin / Milwaukee Journal Sentinel)
The 82-room Tru by Hilton hotel would be developed at the site of what is now an empty three-story, 24,000-square-foot office building at 20925 Watertown Road, according to information filed with town officials.
That site is just north of I-94, and just east of a 105-room Home 2 Suites by Hilton hotel, which opened last November at 650 Larry Court.
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The Home 2 Suites, a middle-market extended-stay chain, is operated by Kinseth Hospitalty Cos., based in North Liberty, Iowa.
Kinseth Hospitality also is involved with the Tru proposal. Bruce Kinseth, executive vice president, couldn't be reached for more information.
Tru's developers want to demolish the office building and replace it with a four-story, 82-room hotel, according to Tom Hagie, town administrator, and Gary Lake, town building inspector.
That project would cost an estimated $11.7 million, Lake said.
Hilton in 2016 announced the launch of the mid-scale Tru brand.
Tru has just four locations in Georgia, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania and Wyoming. It has eight more hotels opening this year and in 2018 in Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Maine, Pennsylvania, Tennessee and Texas, according to the hotel chain's website.
Other locations, including the Town of Brookfield site, are in the planning and approval process.
The town Plan Commission is recommending the Town Board set a date for a public hearing on the developers' request to rezone the proposed site to accommodate a hotel, Lake said.
If the board sets a date at its Tuesday meeting, the hearing would likely occur on Sept. 25, he said.
The Tru chain features what it calls "smaller, more efficiently designed rooms."
The room design includes an open closet, "colorful wall hooks," shelves under the TV and space beneath the bed to store clothes and luggage, the Tru website says.
The rooms don't have desk space. Instead, Tru has "semi-private, sound absorbing alcoves," as well as shared work space, in its lobby. That includes free wireless printing.
Other features include a fitness center, table and board games in the lobby, and 55-inch TVs with 150 DirecTV channels in the guest rooms.
The Brookfield Tru hotel would be just under 1 mile northwest of The Corners, a large mixed-use development that opened this spring and summer.
It would be among a growing number of new developments opening near The Corners, which has shops, restaurants, apartments and a planned upscale cinema east of N. Barker Road, between W. Blue Mound Road and I-94.
Tom Daykin can be reached at tdaykin@jrn.com
Top Headlines from Business:
Subscriber exclusive: Milwaukee's most important commercial development trends of the past decade extend beyond downtown
Independent booksellers persevere despite Amazon, rising costs
We followed four Wisconsin dairy farms for a year as they struggled with an industry-wide crisis, one didn't make it
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Brookfield Square losing 2 stores by the end of January
Architect Chris Gallagher, of Eppstein Uhen, dies
Chico's, White House Black Market closing at Bayshore
East side apartment tower could be mid-rise without city cash
10 biggest venture capital deals in Wisconsin in 2019
City freeze on requirement to dismantle old houses extended


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Venice to set up safe overnight parking program
VENICE, Calif. Residents say that by nightfall the streets are filled with campers and people in their cars sleeping overnight. Many residents are hoping a new program by the city will change that.
"Venice has the most visible brunt of the problem," said /*Venice Neighborhood Council*/ President Linda Lucks. "It's obvious when you come here that the problem is most visible here, but if you drive around Los Angeles, and you go under freeway off-ramps, and you look, you'll see people living in their vehicles all over the city."
"The chief complaint here is that the streets are getting overcrowded with campers, that some of the people, some of the behaviors of people in campers are unacceptable," said David Ewing, /*Venice Community Coalition*/.
Lucks says fed-up residents like her are thrilled city officials have signed off on the safe overnight parking program.
"It's designed to move people who need help and want help off the streets into parking areas that have case workers assigned to them and then ultimately into housing," said Lucks. "It's a handout to people that want it and need it."
The program is expected to be implemented in Venice and other communities throughout Los Angeles by the end of the year. It would mirror similar efforts in Santa Barbara and cities in other states.
The program would provide bathrooms, showers and trash facilities to overnighters in the designated parking areas.
"I got a $35 ticket. /*Santa Monica Police*/ towed away my $20,000 car, bought and paid for. So now I'm basically homeless on the streets of Venice," said Brian Bodie.
"I think it could be a good idea if it's implemented correctly," said Bodie about the overnight parking program. "I think if it starts turning into a compound where people are forced to go to, I think it could be a lot of trouble."
A homeless man didn't want to be identified said he won't have anything to do with the program.
"Why should I have to go sleep in a concrete parking structure?" he asked.
Officials say no one will be forced into the designated areas, which have yet to be determined.
"There will be no more than three to five vehicles in any one location, so this fear that there's going to be lots full of people, that's not going to be the way it works," said Lucks.
/*L.A. City Councilman Bill Rosendahl*/ secured $750,000 for the program.


Priority – Next Day Service.
The Atlas Express priority service provides the fastest service and ensures next day delivery. The service runs daily from Monday to Friday (excluding Bank Holidays) between 9am and 4.30pm.
At Atlas Express we are able to offer 'out of hours' deliveries to be made. Palletised freight can be delivered at any time. We pride ourselves on being able to provide a range of tailored logistics solutions for our customers to ensure that all requests can be catered for.
In addition to the priority and standard services, Atlas Express offers a range of storage, transport and fulfillment services, designed to meet specific customer needs.


This large Tree of Life metal iron wall hanging from Randy & Travis Machinery will look perfect in your home or garden. 60 centimetres in diameter, this piece of art will become the focal point of whatever room you place it in.
Crafted from black metal, this stunning wall sculpture will stand out from your wall in three-dimensions of beauty. This glorious Tree of Life sculpture will become an heirloom in your family, treasured for years to come.
Easy to hang, this sturdy sculpture features an intricate black design that will stand out against any light- or medium-coloured background.


text:
RULE 1.1: COMPETENCE
A lawyer shall provide competent representation to a client. Competent representation requires the legal knowledge, skill, thoroughness and preparation reasonably necessary for the representation.
Legal Knowledge and Skill
[1] In determining whether a lawyer employs the requisite knowledge and skill in a particular matter, relevant factors include the relative complexity and specialized nature of the matter, the lawyer's general experience, the lawyer's training and experience in the field in question, the preparation and study the lawyer is able to give the matter and whether it is feasible to refer the matter to, or associate or consult with, a lawyer of established competence in the field in question. In many instances, the required proficiency is that of a general practitioner. Expertise in a particular field of law may be required in some circumstances.
[2] A lawyer need not necessarily have special training or prior experience to handle legal problems of a type with which the lawyer is unfamiliar. A newly admitted lawyer can be as competent as a practitioner with long experience. Some important legal skills, such as the analysis of precedent, the evaluation of evidence and legal drafting, are required in all legal problems. Perhaps the most fundamental legal skill consists of determining what kind of legal problems a situation may involve, a skill that necessarily transcends any particular specialized knowledge. A lawyer can provide adequate representation in a wholly novel field through necessary study. Competent representation can also be provided through the association of a lawyer of established competence in the field in question.
[3] In an emergency a lawyer may give advice or assistance in a matter in which the lawyer does not have the skill ordinarily required where referral to or consultation or association with another lawyer would be impractical. Even in an emergency, however, assistance should be limited to that reasonably necessary in the circumstances, for ill-considered action under emergency conditions can jeopardize the client's interest.
[4] A lawyer may accept representation where the requisite level of competence can be achieved by reasonable preparation. This applies as well to a lawyer who is appointed as counsel for an unrepresented person. See also Rule 6.2.
Thoroughness and Preparation
[5] Competent handling of a particular matter includes inquiry into and analysis of the factual and legal elements of the problem, and use of methods and procedures meeting the standards of competent practitioners. It also includes adequate preparation. The required attention and preparation are determined in part by what is at stake; major litigation and complex transactions ordinarily require more extensive treatment than matters of lesser complexity and consequence. An agreement between the lawyer and the client regarding the scope of the representation may limit the matters for which the lawyer is responsible. See Rule 1.2(c).
Retaining or Contracting With Other Lawyers
[6] Before a lawyer retains or contracts with other lawyers outside the lawyer's own firm to provide or assist in the provision of legal services to a client, the lawyer must reasonably believe that the service of the other lawyer(s) will contribute to the competent and ethical representation of the client, and the lawyer may be required to obtain the informed consent of the client under other Rules. See also Rules 1.2 (allocation of authority), 1.4 (communication with client), 1.5(e) (fee sharing), 1.6 (confidentiality), and 5.5(a) (unauthorized practice of law). The reasonableness of the decision to retain or contract with other lawyers outside the lawyer's own firm will depend upon the circumstances, including the education, experience and reputation of the nonfirm lawyers; the nature of the services assigned to the nonfirm lawyers; and the legal protections and professional conduct rules of the jurisdictions in which the services will be performed, particularly relating to confidential information.
[7] When lawyers from more than one law firm are providing legal services to the client on a particular matter, the lawyers ordinarily should consult with each other and the client about the scope of their respective representations and the allocation of responsibility among them. See Rule 1.2. When making allocations of responsibility in a matter pending before a tribunal, lawyers and parties may have additional obligations that are a matter of law beyond the scope of these Rules.
Maintaining Competence
[8] To maintain the requisite knowledge and skill, a lawyer should keep abreast of changes in the law and its practice, including a reasonable understanding of the benefits and risks associated with technology the lawyer uses to provide services to clients or to store or transmit information related to the representation of a client, engage in continuing study and education and comply with all continuing legal education requirements to which the lawyer is subject.
Last amended by Order dated November 17, 2021.


text:
Patrick Dent, Author of Execution of Justice
Execution of Justice
EOJ Reviews
Mortal Coil Preview
5 Star Review of Execution of Justice
5.0 out of 5 stars Superior Covert Operations Thriller
By R. Campbell on 9 December 2017
Set in the 1970s, this covert operations thriller is a cut above your average military escapade. Although its main plot is fairly simple – tracking down and rescuing a kidnapped congressman's daughter – it's the superb characterisation of its star, John Drake, that makes this novel such a riveting read. Right from chapter one, the descriptions are vivid, and thanks to the author's skilful narrative, the reader feels the locations that the plot visits; take the bar in Morocco for example; "wooden framed and plastered with a tan adobe, it's color barely distinguishable from the surrounding desert" – with this and other descriptions, you can almost feel the heat and taste the sand in between your teeth.
Drake's backstory is compelling; we don't meet him when he's the highly-trained covert agent that he turns out to be, instead, we are first introduced to him in a college baseball game. It's during this game that one error of judgement alters the course of his life. We get to witness the evolution of this complex character every step of the way; a man with some scores to settle, including with some friends and one family member, yet constantly battling with his conscience as he goes about his grim business.
There is a side plot involving a scheming US general with a far-fetched plot to wrestle control of the world's oil away from OPEC, but thankfully, this only occupies a small part of the book and doesn't detract from Drake's story. The two plot strands come together nicely at the end of the book and make for a satisfactory conclusion to this highly-accomplished thriller.
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patrickdentauthor
Patrick served his country at Fort Benning in the 1980s, with a specialty in Advanced Infantry Training. A conversation Patrick had with a schizophrenic veteran who believed he was a secret assassin sparked an idea that would eventually inspire him to write his first novel, Execution of Justice. After the military, Patrick attended Presbyterian College, where he majored in Political Science and began to have short fiction published in PC's literary magazine, Figs and Thistles. He eventually earned a Masters Degree in Chemistry. His GRE scores qualified him for entry into Mensa. While Patrick's military and Political Science background provided excellent groundwork for Execution of Justice, the Chemist in him has generated a new techno-thriller series, Mortal Coil. The first book in the Mortal Coil series will be released in 2018. Themes include the hubris of Man and the catastrophic possibilities of genetic engineering. Patrick lives in South Carolina with his wife and newest son.
patrickdentauthorAuthor website
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5 Star Review for Execution of Justice
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In Westport visiting my mom from Utah (where I now live), I decided to show some out-of-towners a hill where we used to sled as kids.
Sadly, this was the scene we came upon. The entire place was littered with broken plastic sleds and trash.
I still love my hometown Westport. But this was just ugly all around.
This entry was posted in Pic of the Day and tagged Greens Farms Elementary School. Bookmark the permalink.
Can't the school kids clean up up the mess?
That's an embarrassment. We know better. And teach our children to clean up after themselves/ourselves. Apparently we're lacking.
There is garbage all around our athletic fields and school parking lots.
And downtown, and in the commuter parking lots.
Plenty of garbage comes from kids — all those water bottles at athletic fields. Plenty comes from parents too — coffee cups and newspapers and discarded dog poop bags. And those sleds didn't just land there at Greens Farms. Parents brought their kids there. It's a problem created by everyone, for everyone.
Wow. We were taught to pick up after our selves! Sad indeed.
Sad as this is clearly just leaving broken items where they broke instead of going through the hassle of taking them home and disposing. On a "clean-up" note, Parks & Rec will be running the annual clean-up day on Saturday, April 13th. You will start seeing advertising in the next couple of weeks.
I guess it's a form of "White Privilege" or over privileged, in that these folks didn't bring their staff to clean up for them.
The opposite is that on "service days" in church we clean up slum and charitable organizations sites. I guess we are not so different at all.
Sadly, litter is everywhere – plastic, paper and glass items easily disposed of if one takes the time. I am especially disgusted by cigarette butts – why don't smokers use their car ashtrays?


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Georgette Walrath
Pinhead Awards
Explosive Interviews
Clinton Got Pass
PUBLISHED: 7:00 PM 12 Feb 2019
UPDATED: 3:24 PM 14 Feb 2019
FBI Emails Show Bureau 'Quid-Pro-Quo' In Clinton Criminal Act
The double dealing the communications show between the 'deep' state department and the FBI is insane.
by G Walrath
Democrats Politics
The communications do not paint an impartial picture of the FBI's handling of Hillary Clinton's illegal actions.
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The bureau responsible for investigating wrongdoing is corrupted. There is no longer any sort of doubt that double dealing and sullied acts permeated the previous administration, after transparency group Judicial Watch got access to Federal Bureau of Investigation documents and communications.
Fox news reported, "Newly released internal FBI emails showed the agency's highest-ranking officials scrambling to answer to Hillary Clinton's lawyer in the days prior the 2016 presidential election, on the same day then-FBI Director James Comey sent a bombshell letter to Congress announcing a new review of hundreds of thousands of potentially classified emails found on former Rep. Anthony Weiner's laptop."
Of course, Americans now know that even after saying they'd reviewed "all" the communications, they had only looked at a small fraction.
"The trove of documents turned over by the FBI, in response to a lawsuit by the transparency group Judicial Watch, also included discussions by former FBI lawyer Lisa Page concerning a potential quid-pro-quo between the State Department and the FBI — in which the FBI would agree to downgrade the classification level of a Clinton email in exchange for more legal attache positions that would benefit the agency abroad."
Although there was no indication such a quid-pro-quo ever took place between the Deep State, the communications showing the exchange clearly indicate that a deal was in the works.
"On Oct. 28, 2016, Comey upended the presidential campaign by informing Congress that the FBI would quickly review the Weiner laptop.
"The Justice Department's internal watchdog later faulted the FBI for failing to review the Weiner laptop through much of the fall of 2016, and suggested it was possible that now-fired FBI Agent Peter Strzok may have slow-walked the laptop analysis until other federal prosecutors pressured the FBI to review its contents.
"On the afternoon of Oct. 28, Clinton lawyer David Kendall demanded answers from the FBI — and the agency jumped into action, the emails showed.
"Many of the emails found on the computer were between Hillary Clinton and her senior adviser Huma Abedin, Weiner's now-estranged wife. Despite claims by top FBI officials, including Strzok, several of those emails were determined to contain classified information."
"I received the email below from David Kendall and I called him back," then-FBI General Counsel James Baker wrote to the agency's top brass, including Comey, Page and Strzok, in an email. "Before doing so I alerted DOJ via email that I would do that."
"New text messages between Strzok and Page were 'leaking like mad' in the lead up to the Trump-Russia probe.
"Page and Strzok eventually were revealed to be having an extramarital affair, and Strzok was terminated after a slew of text messages surfaced in which he and Page derided Trump and his supporters using their government-issued phones. Republicans, citing some of those text messages, have accused Strzok and Page of orchestrating a coordinated leak strategy aimed at harming the president.
Although Kendall's email was redacted, Baker continued:
"He said that our letter was 'tantalizingly ambiguous' and made statements that were 'inchoate and highly ominous' such that what we had done was worse than transparency because it allows people to make whatever they want out to make out of the letter to the prejudice of Secretary Clinton. … I told him that I could not respond to his requests at this time but that I would discuss it with others and get back to him.
"I suggest that we have some kind of follow up meeting or phone call with this group either this evening or over the weekend to address this and probably other issues/questions that come up in the next 24 hours," Baker concluded. "Sound reasonable?"
James Baker has been busted in illegal leaks.
"In a partially redacted response, Strzok agreed to spearhead a conference call among the FBI's top officials the next day.
In an email also sent Nov. 6 and unearthed by Judicial Watch, Strzok wrote to the FBI's leadership: "[Redacted], Jon and I completed our review of all of the potential HRC work emails on the [Anthony Weiner] laptop. We found no previously unknown, potentially classified emails on the media."
"It is big news that, just days before the presidential election, Hillary Clinton's personal lawyer pressured the top lawyer for the FBI on the infamous Weiner laptop emails," Judicial Watch President Tom Fitton said in a statement.
"These documents further underscore that the fix was in for Hillary Clinton. When will the Justice Department and FBI finally do an honest investigation of the Clinton email scandal?" he added.
"Separately, another email from Page, apparently sent in response to a Judicial Watch lawsuit, discussed an apparent attempt by the State Department to pressure the FBI to downgrade the classification level of a Clinton email."
"Jason Herring will be providing you with three 302s [witness reports] of current and former FBI employees who were interviewed during the course of the Clinton investigation," Page wrote. "These 302s are scheduled to be released to Congress in an unredacted form at the end of the week, and produced (with redactions) pursuant to FOIA at the beginning of next week.
Page continued: "As you will see, they describe a discussion about potential quid pro quo arrangement between then-DAD in IOD [deputy assistant director in International Operations Division] and an Undersecretary at the State Department whereby IOD would get more LEGAT [legal attaché] positions if the FBI could change the basis of the FOIA withhold re a Clinton email from classified to something else."
The entire operation was a set up to clear Hillary Clinton from the beginning, it seems rather obvious.
The fact that no criminal charges have been brought against any of these players for their actions in trying to influence a presidential election by covering up a crime and setting up candidate trump has many people furious and asking when something will be done.
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Unrestricted access to Internet services was restored in Zimbabwe on Monday, January 21, by the country's high court after it found that minister of security, Owen Ncube, did not have the authority to keep these services suspended. This is after almost a week of limited or no access to online services.
The Zimbabwean unit of the Media Institute of Southern Africa filed an urgent application with the Zimbabwe Lawyers for Human Rights to have the block lifted.
David Halimana, the lawyer for Human Rights, said the ruling meant that mobile network operators were required to give full internet access to everyone, effective immediately.
Econet Wireless, Zimbabwe's largest teleco, informed its customers that the suspension had been lifted only hours after the ruling and that full access to social media platforms like Twitter and WhatsApp had been restored.
According to CNN, Zimbabweans had been relying on Virtual Private Networks (or VPNs) to access these services. Facebook and YouTube could also be used again.
This follows after Zimbabwe's government restricted access to the internet – and social media specifically – in an attempt to stifle violent protests that broke out in response to skyrocketing fuel prices.


In November 2017, the National Infrastructure Commission (NIC) published its final report on how to maximise the economic potential of the Cambridge – Milton Keynes – Oxford corridor. The report outlined the opportunities to create new communities, including plans to deliver one million new homes and with them 1.1 million new jobs in the area by 2050. The vision also includes the completion of the new East-West Rail line connecting Oxford and Cambridge by 2030 and the construction of the Oxford-Cambridge Expressway.
Our dedicated website acts as a central hub for businesses and individuals interested in the Growth Corridor and collates a wide range of information on developments across the Corridor, as they happen.
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Easy to get in contact, fast to work as needed.
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Florisson Communicatieadvies: When it really comes down to it.


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I have a Micromax A35 Android(2.3.5) phone which has been locked by repeated wrong attempts of the pattern lock. Now the display screen asks me to enter my Google account username and password, but the WiFi and the mobile networks are disabled.... I have a Micromax A35 Android(2.3.5) phone which has been locked by repeated wrong attempts of the pattern lock. Now the display screen asks me to enter my Google account username and password, but the WiFi and the mobile networks are disabled.
Android Device Manager is a great online tool for when you can't get to your phone or tablet physically, but still need to access it. In this case, it can be used to remotely unlock your device with no need to use the touch screen. Even if your screen is completely blank, this will still work if …... Hence, you will have to wipe data from your Android Smartphone in order to get rid of the issue, by restoring all settings and data as if in the factory stage. Moreover, you can make use of data wiping, when you have to sell your Android Smartphone, especially to some strangers or an exchange store, for the sake of your privacy.
It's frustrating when you want to open your phone and you forgot your lock screen pattern. Getting your phone working again is pretty simple. I know two(2) ways to unlock it if you completely forgot how to unlock it.
If you are unable to unlock the smartphone's settings and can't install Easy Uninstaller and Clean Master app, then the only option remains that is Factory hard reset. If don't know "how to Factory Hard Reset" read this post: Hard reset Android Smartphone.


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MP welcomes Sovereign Housing Association's commitment to Race at Work Charter
Basingstoke MP, Maria Miller, welcomed the news that Sovereign Housing Association have signed up to the Race at Work Charter, drawn up by Business in the Community (BITC). It includes a public commitment to improving outcomes for BAME employees at work.
Maria joined Sovereign's Chief Executive Mark Washer and Jerome Williams Equality, Diversity and Inclusion Manager at Sovereign for a virtual meeting to discuss her review into the lived experiences of Basingstoke residents from Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic (BAME) backgrounds.
Sovereign has this year developed a race action plan which commits to support BAME employees, including introducing mentoring and a sponsorship programme to develop the talent of junior BAME employees. There are also workstreams to support Sovereign's customers.
Jerome Williams, Sovereign's Equality, Diversity and Inclusion manager Said:
"We're delighted to sign up to the Charter. We know how important and valuable action towards race equality is and becoming a signatory is one of our commitments towards meaningful action.
"We know we have work to do before we can say that we've achieved our ambitions, but this really does mark a very positive step towards achieving them."
Maria thanked Mark and Jerome for their efforts in tackling issues around race at work, and said;
"I would like to thank Sovereign for signing this charter – which underlines their commitment to being an inclusive and responsible employer. As a major local employer with a new head office in the heart of Basingstoke, I am really pleased they are taking this issue seriously. I look forward to working with Sovereign to improve the experience of people in Basingstoke from ethnic minorities at work and in their housing."
During the meeting Mark and Maria also discussed the impact of the latest national lockdown on Sovereign's customers and the challenges of the months ahead.
"I am hugely grateful to the work Sovereign has down this year to support their customers and staff in really challenging times. As we face this second lockdown and a tough winter ahead it will be vital that the local council, local housing providers and other services come together to support local people." Maria added.
Speaking from his home Mark Washer, Chief Executive for Sovereign, said:
"I am grateful to Maria for taking the time share with us her work on tackling racial inequality in Basingstoke. At Sovereign we are committed to creating a workforce that reflects society and our communities. We take equality, diversity, and inclusion seriously. There is much still to do, but signing the Race at Work Charter is a clear signal of our commitment.
Responding to questions on the impact of a second lockdown he said:
"I am very proud of the way Sovereign responded to the pandemic, quickly adapting our services to prioritise those customers who needed us most, as well our employees adopting new ways of working so quickly. Throughout 2020 we've maintained vital services and carried on our development programme. This coming winter will be challenging, but we are in a strong position to carry on supporting our customers and our people."
BAME Inquiry Basingstoke
Today Maria Miller MP published the results of the Inquiry launched into the lived experiences of residents from Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic backgrounds in Basingstoke.
Universities pledge to end use of non-disclosure agreements
Tuesday, 18 January, 2022
Ministers and campaigners back new pledge to end the use of Non-Disclosure Agreements within universities to silence complainants in sexual harassment cases


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