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Jonathan Hosie
jhosie@mayerbrown.com
London +44 20 3130 3343
"one of the UK's top construction lawyers"
Jonathan Hosie is a partner in the Construction & Engineering group, who focuses on the management of risks under construction and engineering contracts. He provides clients with both front-end procurement and drafting advice on project documentation as well as dispute management representation, involving such diverse projects as power stations, petrochemical plants and process engineering, mining concessions, tunnels, transportation systems (road, rail and water), large utility contracts (in the water, energy and telecommunications sectors), city centre office developments, hospitals, schools and mixed use developments. As part of his commitment to the industry, he served on the Council of the Society of Construction Law for more than 10 years and has chaired a number of industry working groups, including within the Design Build Foundation (now Constructing Excellence) and for the Joint Contracts Tribunal on the development of a multi-disciplinary form of appointment.
Jonathan has extensive international experience, having worked on projects in various jurisdictions within Africa, Central and South America, as well as Russia, Scandinavia, Switzerland, Eastern Europe, the Middle East, India and the Far East. In these matters he has undertaken both front-end procurement and contract drafting work as well as resolving claims through arbitration.
Jonathan joined Mayer Brown as a partner in 2004. He has more than 25 years of legal practice experience with other major firms as partner, senior associate and assistant solicitor. In 1994, he was awarded the Hudson Prize by the Society of Construction Law for his paper on liquidated damages.
Energy Disputes
Regional Capabilities
Advised the lenders, including Société Générale and BNP Paribas on the financing and development of Roxgold Inc.'s Yaramoko gold project in Burkina Faso ("Africa – Mining and Metals Deal of the Year 2015" IJGlobal Europe and Africa Awards).
Advising the EPC contractor engaged under FIDIC Yellow Book terms on a complex re-structuring on the contract arrangements including the novation of another EPC contract to bring that within the EPC contractor's scope, in connection with the development of a major automated port facility development in Mexico.
Leading the team on an exercise to establish a set of market-standard amendments for the developer of fertiliser process plants to be built/expanded internationally. The exercise included the up-dating of the owner's in-house EPC form and developing a set of amendments to the FIDIC Silver Book as well as up-dating the owner's own procurement checklist and procedures.
Advising on a major EPC contract for the expansion and modernisation of a refinery complex for a National Oil Company in South America, with an estimated value of works in excess of US$3 billion, based on the FIDIC Silver Book.
Leading on the English law aspects for an international bidder on a project to construct and operate a nuclear power plant comprising two Pressurised Water Reactors with a rating of 1000 MW each, in Eastern Europe.
Leading on the project contracts for a major petrochemicals complex in Egypt, advising lender group institutions on a series of EPC and related contracts for a Naptha Cracking Unit plus Polyethylene trains, based on bespoke contract forms with total costs estimated at US$4.8 billion.
Advising on the contracting strategy and subsequent procurement by the project sponsor of a US$4.5 billion petrochemical project in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Advice included the drafting and negotiation of the project documentation including EPC contracts (based on FIDIC Silver Book terms for cost reimbursable FEED contracts, converting to Lump Sum for the main process units plus OSBL), the Project Management Contract, on-shore/off-shore versions plus co-ordination agreements for the main construction documents and security documents in the form of Direct Agreements, PCGs and performance bonds.
Advising on a number of mining deals including the negotiation of all project documents comprising EPC and EPCM contracts, on-shore/off-shore versions and co-ordination agreements, security documents and related construction documentation. Recent projects include acting for the project sponsors of a €250 million nickel mine project in Turkey and a US$300 million gold/copper/zinc/silver deposit in Eritrea as well as acting for the financiers of a US$1.144 billion copper mine project in Baja, Mexico which received the Exploration and Development Funding Award from Mines & Money in 2010. Jonathan also led on the project documents for the lenders on the US$120 million Voskhod nickel mine project in Kazakhstan, which was awarded European Mining Deal of the Year in 2006.
Acting as lead partner on the prosecution of claims for variations, loss and expense and extensions of time on the £1 billion plus mixed-use development at White City, London, working with the contractor's commercial team to achieve satisfactory closure on claims as to time and cost overruns.
Acting for a number of major UK contractor companies on the development and execution of their risk management strategies, with a combined portfolio of business in excess of £2 billion annually. Dispute work includes representation in adjudication, arbitration and High Court proceedings as well as expert determinations and mediations.
Advising a major UK contractor in multi-party proceedings involving claims for alleged defective design and construction works in connection with a retail development, with proceedings in the Technology & Construction Court.
Representing claimants and respondents to adjudication proceedings on a regular basis since the Construction Act came into force in 1999 and has been involved in a number of reported enforcement actions including FW Cook Ltd v Shimizu (UK) Ltd (2000), Shimizu Europe Ltd v Automajor Ltd (2002), Beck Peppiatt Ltd v Norwest Holst Construction Ltd (2003), William Verry (Glazing Systems) Ltd v Furlong Homes Ltd (2005) and Multiplex Constructions (UK) Ltd v West India Quay Development Co (Eastern) Ltd (2006).
Acting as co-counsel to a substantial US contractor in an international arbitration arising out of a US$5.4 billion refinery complex in India, being conducted under UNCITRAL rules.
Advising the project owner in arbitration proceedings arising out of an EPCM contract for a mining project in West Africa based on the FIDIC White Book.
Advising the project owner on extension of time claims arising out of an EPC contract for the expansion and upgrade of a 730MW combined heat and power facility.
Advising the monoline insurer on its exposure and rights under a distressed PFI project in the UK with a value in excess of £400m, including advice in relation to court proceedings as to the completion criteria to be applied by the Independent Tester.
Advising Lenders on treatment of an Event of Default in relation to a claim for over $17m commenced by a contractor on a project in West Africa under a contract based on the FIDIC Red Book.
Contracts: doing the simple things well
Construction Law Review
Africa Brochure
Have we been blinded by science?
Construction Law: Shaping New Cases into Solution-Focused Advice for Clients
4th Annual Global EPC Contract & Risk Management
3rd Annual Global EPC contract & Risk management conference
The 2017 edition of the FIDIC Yellow Book: be careful what you wish for
Arbitration Club Luncheon
Construction orders decline at fastest rate in a decade
City AM
Mayer Brown advises Sumitomo Metal Mining on the acquisition of an interest in Compañia Minera Teck Quebrada Blanca S.A. for $1.2 billion
Chambers UK 2019 ranks 27 Mayer Brown practices and 42 lawyers
King's College London, University of London, MSc
University of Wales, Cardiff, LLB Hons
Member of the Editorial Board for LexisPSL Construction
Advised CRASH (the property and construction charity for the homeless) on its risk management policies and related corporate governance issues
Has advised RedR (engineers for disaster relief) on risk management issues
Member of the Construction & Dispute Resolution Panel of the Chartered Institution of Civil Engineering Surveyors (CICES), 2010 to date
Trustee of St Christopher's Hospice 2010-2012
Hosted major fund raising for St. Christopher's Hospice's 40th anniversary in 2007
International Bar Association (IBA), with interests in the International Construction Projects Committee and the Mining Law Committee, 2007 to date
Society of Construction Law (Council office 1994-2007), member 1990 to date
Chartered Institute of Arbitrators (Associate member, 1990 to date)
Technology and Construction Solicitors Association (TeCSA), and accredited by TeCSA to act as an adjudicator
Chairman of the King's College branch of the Arbitration Club, 1996 to date
External tutor on the MSc course in Construction Law and Arbitration at King's College London, 1998 to date
Founder member of the Design Build Foundation (now part of Constructing Excellence), 1997
Chairman of JCT working group for the development of a multi-party form of appointment for use in the public sector, 2003 to 2007
Appointed by the RICS dispute resolution policy committee to serve as a lawyer assessor for re-assessment of RICS registered adjudicators and for chairing appeal panels, 2005 to date
Constantly ranked as a key individual by both Chambers and Legal 500 and other industry guides:
Listed as a 'Leading Individual', Jonathan Hosie is well versed in representing both supplier and purchaser-side clients with regard to the full spectrum of non-contentious construction matters, including contractual risk management, front-end procurement and drafting advice. He is also praised by sources for his strong advice on contentious matters and dispute avoidance. Clients highlight "his ability to manage issues in a strategic way, with a common-sense approach and strong legal backing." (Chambers UK 2020).
Listed under 'Other key lawyers' and as a key member of the practice. (Legal 500 2020).
Jonathan Hosie is "one of the UK's top construction lawyers," say sources. He offers a wealth of experience in acting for both supplier and purchaser-side clients, and is highly capable of representing clients in an array of industry sectors. He advises on the full spectrum of construction-related work, including procurement and dispute management. (Chambers UK 2019).
Jonathan Hosie's "expertise rivals anyone within the industry". (Legal 500 2018).
Listed in the Seventh Edition (2018) of The Best Lawyers in the United Kingdom for his work in construction law.
Jonathan Hosie is a hugely respected construction practitioner who advises clients on both the purchaser and supplier sides of the market. His broad domestic and international practice spans the spectrum of contentious and non-contentious issues in areas such as power, infrastructure and real estate development. Clients appreciate that he "understands the commercialities" and is a "great thinker." (Chambers UK 2018).
Listed and recommended in the 2016, 2017 and 2018 Who's Who Legal: Mining.
Jonathan Hosie provides transactional and contentious advice to both purchaser and supplier clients. He advises on big-ticket developments, including power, infrastructure and large office developments. Peers particularly highlight his mining experience. (Chambers UK 2016).
Chambers UK 2016 ranks 30 Mayer Brown practices and 47 lawyers. Jonathan is one of only two lawyers in the UK ranked in Chambers 2016 as being in the top Band A for his work in representing both Purchasers (Employers) and Suppliers (Contractors).
Key players in the noncontentious team [construction] include Jonathan Hosie (Legal 500 2015);
The 2015 London Super Lawyers top 100 list recognised Construction & Engineering partner Jonathan Hosie;
Is listed in The International Who's Who of Mining Lawyers 2015;
Band 1 for London Construction. Jonathan Hosie is "very experienced and very helpful – he wants to get to the bottom of things and root out the problems quickly," notes a commentator (Chambers UK 2015);
The "sensible and pragmatic" Jonathan Hosie is an expert in construction-related documentation (Chambers UK 2014);
Jonathan is "experienced, knowledgeable and pragmatic", a "meticulous bargainer" (Legal 500 2013);
He is "a very good sound lawyer" (Chambers UK 2013);
He is admired by sources across the sector, with clients describing him as "exceptional in big disputes" (Chambers UK 2012);
"One of the standout lawyers in construction" (Chambers UK 2011);
he has "a sharp and analytical mind" (Chambers UK 2010);
a "forward-looking, innovative thinker," able to "grasp things quickly." (Chambers UK 2009);
Noted for "for keeping his finger on the pulse," (Chambers UK 2008);
Clients comment that he is a "smooth and very thorough operator." Peers and clients alike regard Jonathan Hosie as "an unconventional, serious player" (Chambers UK 2006).


A number of people have been looking for relevant information on how to make coconut oil. There are several uses of coconut oil, apart from its use in the kitchen. While it makes your food and salad taste good, it is also used for treating dry skin and scalp, acid reflux, and as soap base and can sometimes be used for weight loss purposes. Pure coconut oil can be quite expensive, but if you need some challenging project that comes with fun, you can try to make your own coconut oil at home. All you need is a coconut, some simple tools and a good blender to produce your homemade coconut oil, which you can use for any purpose of your choice. One advantage that comes with producing your coconut oil yourself is the assurance that it is 100% pure with no additives.
Get as much of the coconut outer shell shaved off. You can do this by scraping off the outer shell with your knife. Make sure the blade of the knife is always pointed away from you.
Use a knife and cut the coconut into two. Get the coconut milk drained into a jar. Use a chisel to scoop out the flesh of the coconut and put it into a bowl.
Get an accurate measurement of the coconut flesh you have. Add about 50% of more water into the bowl than the coconut meat. For instance, supposing you have about 2 cups of coconut flesh, you need to add about 3 cups of water.
Empty the whole content of your bowl into your blender. Cover the blender and plug it. Leave the blender on at its chop setting for about 1 minute before switching the setting to blend for about 2-3 minutes, or until you produce a smooth, creamy homogenized paste. It is important to reach this level of consistency to make the coconut oil extraction successful.
Get 3 layers of cheesecloth and have them placed on top of one another and use them to cover the bowl. Then pour out the coconut oil from your blender onto your cheesecloth.
Gather the cheesecloth that contains the coconut in your hands and squeeze out the coconut milk. Throw away the cheesecloth with the coconut flakes it contains.
Pour the extracted coconut milk into a hollow jar. Cover the jar very tightly and give the coconut milk time to ferment. Placing the jar in a dark corner of your home will enable you achieve this.
Transfer the coconut milk into a warm, light corner for about 6-8 hours. The coconut oil separates from the milk during this period.
To solidify the oil, get in chilled in a refrigerator for about 3 hours.
Use a table spoon and scoop out the coconut oil, put it in a lidded container. Give the oil time to thaw under room temperature. Your coconut oil is now ready for use.
Begin with a dehydrated or dried coconut. Dried unsweetened coconut flakes are sold in grocery stores. Make sure the bag contains no other thing except coconut. To start with a fresh coconut flesh, cut the flesh into small pieces and dry them with a dehydrator for about 24 hours. You can dry this coconut flesh with your oven when the oven is at its lowest possible temperature. Cut the coconut flesh into tiny bits, place the bits on a baking mesh, and have it cooked at a very low temperature for about 8 hours, or until it has dried completely.
If you are making use of store-sourced coconut, buy coconut flakes instead of the shredded ones. The shredded coconut will clog your juicer.
Load the coconut into your juicer. Keep the dried coconut juiced in very small batches, since placing too much coconut at once will lead to the clogging of the juicer. The juicer helps remove the cream and the oil from the fiber. Continue the coconut processing until you have run all the flakes through your juicer.
Process your coconut again. During the first attempt, the juicer won't be able to get all the oil extracted, so make sure you do it a second time to make sure every drop is retrieved.
Store the coconut oil in a pot and keep the pot in a warm spot. Give it 14 hours to get the coconut cream to settle at the bottom of the pot. The pure coconut oil is expected to come up above the cream.
Spoon the coconut oil into a new pot. The moment the oil and the cream has separated from each other and the oil solidifies, remove the oil from the first pot with a spoon and transfer it into a new pot. Your coconut oil is now ready for use.


Get the full experience of modern, rural and cultural China on this sensational small-group adventure.
Get a taste of China on this cultural and ice-filled adventure. Travel from modern Shanghai to old Beijing, exploring bustling Xi'an on the way with the Great Wall and Terracotta Warriors just a couple of highlights on offer. Delve beneath the surface of this massive country, discovering gourmet delights and learning about Chinese lifestyles and traditions. Then embrace the frozen glory of a Chinese winter and head north-east to experience the Harbin International Ice & Snow Festival in all its winter wonder. From Beijing head to the remote north of the country to discover a city shaped by Russian as well as Chinese culture and experience a festival that'll take your (frozen) breath away.
This trip travels on overnight hard sleeper trains on sections of the journey. Train travel in China may not be entirely luxurious, but it's certainly one of the best ways to come face-to-face with the country and its people. It's the main form of transport for locals, so take the chance to interact.
The trip covers a fair amount of ground to enable you to see some of China's biggest cities and main highlights, so be prepared for some long travel days.
We pack a lot in, in a short amount of time, so if you have some time to spare we highly recommend extra time in Shanghai and Beijing.
Temperatures in northern China in January are extremely cold, especially in Harbin. It can easily get as low as -35° C. As you'll be spending a lot of time outdoors exploring the city and the festival, it's vital that you pack extremely warm clothes, including a coat, hat, gloves, scarf, boots and thermals.
Nimen Hao! Welcome to China. Blending 21st-century architecture with old-world character, Shanghai pulses with the beat of new China. Your adventure begins with a Welcome Meeting at 6 pm this evening. Please look for a note in the hotel lobby or ask reception where it will take place. Settle into your hotel and then get a feel for this vibrant city – Shanghai's bright lights, fevered trade and frenetic pace provide a glimpse into the dazzling global future of the country. Your evening is free for your first exploration of the city – perhaps get a taste of Shanghai's eclectic food scene, which draws influence from far beyond China's walls.
Today join your leader for a walking tour that will take you back in time. At the Bund you can get a taste of 1920s Shanghai; its spectacular array of art deco style buildings line what was once the most important financial street in Asia. Wander the narrow winding lanes (nongtangs) of Old Shanghai, where you can get a real glimpse into the locals' daily life. Explore the European-influenced French Concession and the tree-lined avenues and Tudor mansions of Luwan's Huaihai Road. In the afternoon, leave Shanghai in the rearview mirror and make the two-hour journey to Xitang, a nearby water town. Once a hub for 19th-century businessmen, this town turns on the charm in the evening when all the day trippers go home. Take a stroll along lantern-lit canals and ask your leader for advice on which hole-in-the-wall eatery to pick from, enjoying some classic Chinese cuisine while watching the lights reflected on the waters' surface.
Rise and shine for a daylight exploration of the streets of Xitang. Wander across charming bridges and relax by the canals, sip steaming cups of tea, learn about local history at one of the many museums or simply get lost among the maze of peaceful cobblestone streets – a welcome break from the bustle of modern Shanghai. Return to Shanghai and board an overnight hard sleeper train bound for Xi'an. The journey will take around 15 hours in total, though you'll hopefully be sleeping for most of it. Train travel in China may not be entirely luxurious but it's certainly one of the best ways to come face to face with the country and its people, as it's the main form of transport for locals. These are not as rough as they sound – compartments are open-plan, clean, with padded three-tiered berths (6 to a compartment). Wherever possible, we will group our travellers together, but this will depend on group size and ticket availability. Sheets, pillows and a blanket are provided. Some travellers prefer to bring their own sleeping sheet. Safe, hot drinking water is always available. It is a good idea to bring a mug, spoon, knife and fork if you will be preparing your own hot drinks or food on the train (as these are not provided in cabins). Basic bathroom facilities with toilets and washbasins are situated at the end of each carriage. As toilet paper isn't always available, it's best to bring an emergency supply. Keep in mind general train cleanliness may not be to the same standards you are accustomed to. Food is available on the train, but it's a good idea to stock up on snacks for the trip.
An optional upgrade from a hard sleeper to a soft sleeper berth (4 travellers per compartment with a lockable door) may be available for some overnight train journeys on this trip. Please contact us for booking and more details.
Arrive in Xi'an, the capital of Shaanxi Province and the largest city in northwest China. Once the imperial centre of China for 2000 years, Xi'an is now a vibrant, modern city dotted with many interesting historical sites and is a great place to explore. Today you'll join your leader on a short walking tour to uncover what was once the start of the ancient trading route of the Silk Road. Perhaps visit the Bell & Drum Towers, the former built (according to legend) to restrain the dragons that were causing earthquakes, the latter is (unsurprisingly) full of drums, once used to mark time and warn in emergencies. The city also has a wonderful Muslim Quarter, and you'll wander the narrow streets of quaint shops, lively markets, groups of white-bearded men in skull caps sipping tea in cafes, and the Great Mosque, one of the most important in China. See the City Walls and Gates, the most complete in China, running over 13 kilometres around the city. Xi'an's Silk Road history means it has an exciting mixture of cultures. This is reflected in the food options, which range from delicious Muslim fare to great Chinese dumplings. Perhaps visit the night markets and try some of the tantalising local specialties such as pao mo (lamb broth with flat bread), hand pulled noodles and meat skewers.
Today you'll journey outside of Xi'an (approximately 2 hours) and visit what is undoubtedly one of the man-made wonders of the world – the Terracotta Warriors. You'll learn all about this incredible archaeological find, discovered after being buried for 2000 years by farmers digging a well in 1976. These clay statues of soldiers, horses and chariots (and originally individually painted) were commissioned by the emperor Qin Shi Huangdi as part of his mausoleum after he ascended to the throne in 264 BC. See over 1000 warriors, each individually sculpted from clay and with a different costume, height and facial expression. Afterwards you'll enjoy lunch with a local family nearby.
Today is a big day of travelling so grab some snacks for the journey. Transfer to the railway station and then board the high-speed train (approximately 6 hours) to Beijing. Watch the landscape change from farmland and villages to industrialised cities and urban sprawl. On arrival in Beijing board a private vehicle and make the three-hour drive into the countryside, where you'll spend the night in a family-run village guesthouse. This evening your host will show you how to make dumplings for dinner.
Please note that our guesthouse tonight is relatively basic comparing to the hotels we stay on this trip, though all rooms have private facilities and wifi is available. Despite the basic facilities of the guesthouse, you'll surely enjoy the warm hospitality of our hosts here. In winter months (Nov-Feb) accommodation may be in an alternate guesthouse from warmer months, with better heating.
This morning you'll visit a section of the Great Wall and spend some time exploring, taking photos and learning the history of this mighty site (and sight). An incredible piece of engineering, the wall stretches 6000 kilometres west from Beijing. It was originally constructed to protect Chinese empires from invaders from the north and even though it failed in this purpose, it's still without a doubt one of the country's most remarkable achievements and an iconic destination. You might even feel like you have the whole wall to yourself as you take your time strolling along the wall, which snakes through the hills almost endlessly into the distance. Being perched on this incredible engineering feat and surveying the spectacular surrounding countryside is an unforgettable experience. You'll then journey back to Beijing (approximately 3 hours) – your last stop on your tour. The capital of the most populous country on earth, Beijing has quickly shed its historical face in favour of modernity. However, there are still plenty of places to go that will give you a great insight into the nation's ancient past as well as sights that showcase China's contemporary culture.
There are many steps and slopes on the way, so you'll need to concentrate hard to keep your footing. You'll need reasonable fitness and walking shoes with good support and grip for this activity. Please note that in winter months (Nov-Feb), we may do a day trip to Great Wall depending on the weather and heating condition at our guesthouses.
Today you will make our way to the centre of the city – Tiananmen Square (travelling by subway and local bus). This square – supposedly the largest downtown square in the world – is the symbolic centre of Chinese power. Framed by the Gate of Heavenly Peace with its Mao portrait, Mao's Mausoleum, the Great Hall of the People, the National Museum, and with elaborate flag raising and lowering ceremonies at dawn and dusk, it's a place of pilgrimage for the Chinese tourists who consider it the heart of their nation. From here you will enter the enormous Forbidden City. Built more than 500 years ago and off limits to commoners for almost all that time, its a truly amazing place. Despite the transformation of the city around it, the Forbidden City thankfully looks much like it always has. As you explore the great halls and courtyards you'll be able appreciate the might and grandeur of the Imperial Chinese court during the height of its power in the Ming and Qing dynasties. Beijing is vast and overflowing with sights – with your hotel located centrally, a walk in any direction will unveil all sorts of wonderful surprises. Enjoy some free time for exploration in the afternoon, maybe check out the Temple of Heaven, not only a historically important temple for sacrificial ceremony with exemplary Chinese traditional architecture style, also a lively park full of locals singing and dancing, doing tai chi and traditional arts like calligraphy. Get together with your fellow travellers in the evening. What better than celebrate the end of your journey in China than with a Beijng duck dinner?
Today is another free day for you to explore Beijing until the evening train to Harbin. This is a combination trip, so your group leader and group composition may change. The group briefing for the 2nd part of the trip is at 2pm. Check with your leader on where it'll take place.
The train compartments are open-plan and clean, with padded three-tiered berths (six to a compartment). Sheets, pillows and a blanket are provided (although it's recommended you bring your own sleeping sheet, as the quality and cleanliness of sheets may not be what you're used to). Safe, hot drinking water is always available for making coffee, tea or instant meals. It's a good idea to bring a mug and cutlery if you'll be preparing your own hot drinks or food on the train. Basic bathroom facilities are situated at the end of each carriage. As toilet paper isn't always available, it's advisable to carry some of your own. Most trains have a dining carriage where meals are available before the journey begins.
Arrive into Harbin this morning. Make sure you layer on the warm clothes, as Harbin is colder than Beijing and you'll be outside exploring the city for a lot of the day. Transfer from the train station to the hotel, where you may be able check in early and freshen up if the rooms are ready. Enjoy a walking tour of Harbin, visiting Saint Sophia Cathedral and the busy central street of Zhongyang Dajie. Your guide will provide a history of the city during the tour, including Russia's influence on Harbin. In the evening visit a local restaurant and try a hearty stew meal that'll surely warm you up and typical to northern China.
Today explore the Harbin International Ice & Snow Sculpture Festival with your local guide. Winters are very long and very cold in Harbin, and for entertainment a tradition of ice carving developed, said to date back to the Qing dynasty when fishermen would pull ice from the Songhua river to carve into lanterns. This has evolved in to an epic winter festival, with artists and sculptors competing to create the largest, most extravagant and intricately detailed structures. Entire buildings - cities, almost - are reimagined in frozen form. The festival is the largest of its kind in the world. Tour the various exhibitions of sculptures made from snow and ice, which is sourced from the nearby Songhua River. The sculptures are life-size re-creations of famous buildings, structures and characters, created by master sculptors and artists. Every year, the ice and snow sculptures in exhibit vary, but in the past, the festival has featured ice Kremlin, enormous seated Buddha and a supersized Chinese fishermen. Observe the sculptures during the day, and engage in other optional activities such as sledding, ice hockey and ice mini golf. Revisit the festival at night, when the ice is lit up with colourful lights, keeping warm with a coffee or hot chocolate from one of the festival stands.
In the morning, board a high speed train for the comfortable journey back to Beijing (approx 7-8 hours) across the winter landscapes of China's north. Transfer to your hotel on arrival and enjoy a free evening to explore the city. Perhaps catch an acrobatic performance at the Chaoyang Theatre or wander through busy street markets. Beijing boasts a world-class gastronomic scene. Feast on roast duck in a traditional restaurant, eat dumplings and noodles in a backstreet eatery or enjoy some of the best international dining in China. Ask your leader for local food recommendations and farewell your group tonight with a feast.
There are currently no scheduled departures on our China Highlights & Harbin Ice Festival trip. If you are interested in other trips in the region visit one of the links below.
1. A Single Supplement is available on this trip, excluding overnight trains.
3. Temperatures at this time of year in Harbin can be well below freezing. Please ensure you bring appropriate clothing and footwear.
4. Overnight train accommodation on this tour is in 6-berth 'hard-sleeper' class. Bedding is provided and wash basins and toilets (squat/western) are available in each carriage, but there are no shower facilities.
5. An upgrade to Soft Sleeper class is available on this trip.
6. Please note while traveling through mainland China you will not be able to access some popular internet websites.
7. As this is a combination trip, your leader and group composition may change in Beijing.


The "Self Expression" Pyramid is packed with all the Healing Crystals that is directed towards your Throat Chakra! This Powerful Mini Pyramid, is ideal for "ACTORS, SINGERS, BUSINESS PEOPLE, TEACHERS, LEADERS, PUBLIC SPEAKERS, RADIO PERSONALITIES, ANY FORM OF SELF EXPRESS, AND COMMUNICATION!!
"WE ALL HAVE A VOICE AND IT SHOULD BE HEARD!!"
1. Lapis Lazuli - Enhances one's awareness, insight and intellect! Imparts ancient knowledge and wisdom to it's bearer, the knowledge bringing with it peacefulness, objectivity and self acceptance. Expands intellect, wisdom and leadership qualities. used to relieve insomnia and let go of anxieties. Lapis Lazuli works as a shield from psychic attack!
2. Black Onyx - increase regeneration, happiness, intuition and one's instincts.Balances One's Mind, VERY POWERFUL PROTECTOR!
4. Hematite - It brings with it grounding and calming which in turn creates mental organization and focus. Decreases Negativity and can help balance the mind - body -spirit connection, draws "Negative Energy" away from you into itself.
5. Clear Quartz - Raises Energy Levels to the highest possible level, enhances thoughts, as they are a form of energy, and it is extremely beneficial for manifesting, healing,meditation, protection and channeling. Quartz has the ability to dissolve karmic seeds, holding a quartz crystal in your hand, actually doubles your bio-magnetic field. It generates electro-magnetism and dispels static electricity. Quartz is commonly used to dispel negativity and clear away negative energy!
6. Herkimer Diamond - Called the "Stone of Attunement". While it is not actually diamond, it is a quartz that often resembles the sparkling clarity of diamonds. It can be metaphysically programmed to attune one to an environment, a situation, a quality, or most anything. Used to assist with balancing on the mental, emotional and physical levels. It can also be used effectively to clear and open any chakra. Psychically, it's useful for auric cleansing and dream recall. Herkimer Diamond is associated with the Crown Chakra.
"All Nun Pyramids, are Created with the Positive Intention to Bring and Restore Balance back to your Mind, Body, Emotions, and one's Energy Level!"
*PLEASE NOTE: You will receive an item very similar to the above pictures as our Pyramids are hand crafted to perfection, so stone placement and look of each Pyramid may vary!
ALL PYRAMIDS ARE CHARGED BY THE POWER OF THE SUN FOR AT LEAST 1 HOUR... THEN CLEANSED WITH "WHITE SAGE SMOKE" BEFORE WE SHIP TO YOU!
**Click Additional info to see video!


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Ministries and Activities
Nursery School Photos
UMC News (04/03/2019)
Worship at 9:30am
Time: 9:30:00 AM
All are welcome. Communion is the first Sunday of each month. Call the Church at 475-0011 for more information.
Description: There are classes for all ages. Call church for more info.
Fellowship Time 10:30 am
Description: Refreshments will be served after church in the Fellowship Hall.
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The new WFD22 digitizer module features an unprecedented DC accuracy along with outstanding dynamic performance. It is the counterpart module of the AWG22 generator for the Applicos ATX series test systems.
Where most digitizers focus on DC accuracy only, or AC accuracy only, the WFD22 performs equally well in both arenas. This is important not, only for DAC testing, but for any other application that requires a "dual domain" digitizer.
Proprietary Applicos technology is used to combine four 20 bit ADCs to create an advanced 22 bit converter. This results in excellent SNR and linearity with a resolution down to 0.1µV. The large capture memory of 32M-word (96MB) allows the capture of long waveforms.
The WFD22 achieves DC accuracies into the µVolts and AC accuracies over 100dB. Its high stability, excellent linearity and step response make it a very versatile instrument.
The module features fully differential inputs to reduce common-mode level disturbances. When used Single Ended an internal DC-offset source sets the midscale level. Further it has two dedicated input amplifiers; a 100MΩ FET input amplifier to maintain accuracy when measuring on high impedance circuits, and a 1MΩ bipolar low-noise input for measurements where the source impedance is relatively low, but noise is most important.
Three Low Pass filters (40kHz, 250kHz and 500kHz) provide excellent signal conditioning resulting in lower noise and proper anti-aliasing.


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Now that it is warm out, the pugs like to take their jolly old time on potty walks. There is a lot of sniffing and rolling around in the grass.
Really anything other that what they are supposed to be doing out there. Even just standing and staring at nothing.
But they love to go out. They push and shove to queue up to get their harnesses on.
This was particularly funny. As the pugs were waiting to go outside, Wyatt strolled by and whacked Oscar in the face with his tail. Well as hard as you can whack someone with a cushy, soft, furry tail.


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Bethenny Frankel posts a touching Father's Day tribute in memory of late boyfriend Dennis Shields
By Paul Chavez For Dailymail.com
Bethenny Frankel took to social media Sunday to post a Father's Day tribute to her late boyfriend Dennis Shields.
The 48-year-old reality star posted a photo of Dennis and nine-year old daughter Bryn wading in open water twinkling with sunshine.
'Happy Father's Day,' Bethenny started her post for her 2 million followers on Instagram and 1.6 million on Twitter.
Paying tribute: Bethenny Frankel took to social media Sunday to post a Father's Day tribute to her late boyfriend Dennis Shields, sharing a shot of him with her nine-year old daughter Bryn
'In memory of Dennis, a man who was a father of five beautiful children and a beautiful influence in my daughter's life,' she added along with the photo.
Dennis was found dead August 10, 2018 in his Trump Tower apartment of a suspected drug overdose at age 51.
Bethenny Frankel accused of yelling at Sunny Hostin's son on... Real Housewives Of New York City: Bethenny Frankel furiously... Bethenny Frankel flaunts her slender waistline while... Bethenny Frankel begins crying on the stand just minutes...
Real Housewives Of New York City: Bethenny Frankel weeps... Bethenny Frankel filled with grief and guilt over ex Dennis... Bethenny Frankel kept engagement to late fiance Dennis...
Bryn is Bethenny's only child with her ex-husband, pharmaceutical sales executive Jason Hoppy, 48.
Their divorce was finalized in July 2016 almost four years after they separated.
Reality star: The 48-year-old reality star, shown last month in New York City, posted that Dennis was a 'beautiful influence in my daughter's life'
The Skinnygirl brand lifestyle creator and Dennis started dating in 2016 and had an on-off relationship.
Bethenny revealed during the current eleventh season of The Real Housewives Of New York City that Dennis proposed to her last April.
She kept their engagement private without giving the banker a clear answer, hoping certain aspects of their relationship would improve before marrying.
Private engagement: Bethenny, shown with daughter Bryn in June 2017 in NYC, revealed during the current eleventh season of The Real Housewives Of New York City that Dennis proposed to her last April
Bethenny told a grief counselor on the Bravo show that she had plans to end their relationship on the horizon before he died.
'I had just said that week - I had just said the Saturday before - I have to exit this dynamic,' she said. 'There was a lot in my mind about him dying right after that. I could not get off the ride.
'I feel guilty that the only way I got off the ride is that he's dead ... but I hope I didn't have anything to do with him dying.'
Dennis and ex-wife Jill were married for 26 years before separating in 2016 and had daughters Kelsey, Darien and Tyler and son Zachary together.
On and off: Dennis, shown with Bethenny in June 2016 in New York City, died last August at age 51 of a suspected drug overdose
Bethenny Frankel posts touching Father's Day tribute in memory of late boyfriend Dennis Shields


It has been argued that modern day athletes are becoming faster, stronger and better every year. In one TED Talk, David Epstein compared Usain Bolt's performance to Jesse Owens in 1936. Jesse Owens once had the world record for 100 meter dash, but if Jesse Owens competed at the same time as Usain Bolt, he would have been 14 feet behind Usain Bolt.
We are living in a time wherein we have accumulated a complex understanding of sports science, nutrition and supplementation. We have applied different approaches to give athletes an edge on their sports.
If you are an athlete, or plan to become one, you need to maximize your potential. What are the secrets to increasing athletic performance? Here are seven things that you need to implement.
Food plays a crucial role in athletic performance. An athlete can't afford to eat anything and expect the best results on their body. An athlete's meal should be cleaner than the meal of an average Joe. Serious athletes can't regularly eat junk food.
This is why there are nutritionists specific for athletes. Nutritionists can create meals that are designed for different functions. Depending on the time when the food is consumed, it plays a different role. It can easily be a recovery meal, or a meal which will be used as fuel for performance.
One of the most basic things that athletes need to do is to have a healthy breakfast. A healthy breakfast can stop your body from catabolizing the muscles, and even jump start your metabolic rate. If you are not used to eating breakfast, you can always start eating a small meal first thing in the morning, then move up to a full and complete breakfast.
It is also important to choose the right meal before a workout. It should contain not only carbohydrates that can be used for fuel, but sufficient amounts of protein which could prevent catabolism during intense workouts.
There are instances when you just can't only rely on the food that you eat. There are times when you will need to consume supplements to provide your body with the necessary macronutrients, vitamins and minerals.
The most basic supplement that you can have is vitamins. This way, you don't have to eat so much food just to fill in the vitamin and mineral requirements of the body.
Whey protein is a popular pre- and post-workout supplement among athletes. Whey provides and replenishes protein in an athlete's body, allowing faster recovery and muscle development. Together with whey are branched chain amino acids (BCAAs). BCAAs are known to be anti-catabolic and are easily absorbed by the skeletal muscles.
There are also fat supplements, such as conjugated linoleic acids, used to increase metabolic rate and to prevent muscle catabolism. Some invest in stimulant-based pre-workouts in order to boost mental alertness. Of course, before you invest in supplements, you should be aware of the side effects. Supplements are only a secondary source of nutrients among athletes.
In order to hone athletic abilities, it is imperative to have the right workout for the right sport. In most situations, isolation exercises won't get the job done. The usual regimen of bodybuilders won't be beneficial for athletes. Body sculpting is the least of an athlete's concern. In fact, there are athletes who don't look muscular.
Here is when functional exercises enter the picture. Functional routines aim to mimic the movements needed in an athlete's usual activity. Its focus is not only to improve movements, but to augment possibilities of an injury.
Samples of functional exercises include goblet squats, deadlifts, Olympic lifts, split squats and variant isolation exercises that have been combined with each other. The reason why it is called functional exercise is because of the inclusion of different muscle groups.
Another important detail that athletes should take into consideration is the way they train. One of the best ways to improve athletic performance is by repeating the same movements over and over again. This helps improve the neuro-muscular reaction among athletes.
If you ever wondered how athletes react so fast to different scenarios, it is because of the specific drills that they have been doing over and over again. It helps them reduce the lag time in certain scenarios.
Muscle memory is your body adapting to the stressful scenario that it encounters. For athletes, workouts, drills and regimens are considered stress. Muscle memory explains how you master certain movements when done repeatedly. Unfortunately, sticking to the same workout over and over again may not give you the best results.
Muscle confusion can produce significant results to an athlete. Changing your workout every three weeks can help the body get the most results, especially when you feel that you are already used to performing the different routines and drills.
Athletes need to have an idea how much they've accomplished. Did you become a bit faster? Did you become stronger? Keep track of your performance, how much you've improved, and what you still need to work on. This gives you a concrete idea on how much work still needs to be done. This can also give you an idea of the things that you can improve on.
Athletes take their time to improve and refine their techniques. For example, basketball players perform shooting practices for hours, while soccer players are doing the same kick over and over. Instead of simply focusing on technique, it is also a good idea for athletes to focus on conditioning.
By incorporating conditioning exercises during these routines, you train the body to nail the activity even when you are already tired.
If you wish to improve your performance as an athlete, it isn't enough that you are just dedicated to your craft. It is equally important to work smart on how you approach training, nutrition and even rest. With what we have today, it is possible to you maximize your athletic ability to the fullest.


Will a previous encounter make this date heat up or flame out?
Matt Lieberson and Amanda Genovese.
Matt A co-worker had done Cupid in the past, so we had fun putting together my application.
Amanda My mom had been bugging me about dating.
Matt I got home from work and had some bourbon — one drink for nerves, one because I like bourbon. I was excited and amused. My co-workers were even more amused.
Amanda I went right from work to my friend's apartment to check on her cats.
Matt She was there when I got to the restaurant. The hostess wished me luck. I thought she was cute, but I was stuck on the fact that she looked familiar.
Matt Once she told me she had gotten glasses, I realized we had met at a work conference from my last job. We actually spoke for a long time there. We laughed about the coincidence. The odds of this were ridiculously low.
Amanda I had thought he was attractive, but not really my type.
Matt We caught up about our new jobs, and moving back to Boston. While I enjoy hiking and nature, she's a serious backpacker and I don't know if I have interest in a backpacking trip for myself. She also isn't into movies or TV, which I am, and our music tastes didn't overlap much either.
religious studies. We both liked food, but who doesn't?
Matt We split a bunch of small plates. Credit to Amanda for suggesting the rice and cauliflower fritters; they were the best thing on the table. We also got smoked trout that came with latkes, as well as pork belly — clearly, we're both Jews who contain contradictions.
Amanda We also ordered the smoked chocolate bread pudding; he loves bread pudding. I was skeptical. It was really delicious. I would definitely come back.
Matt I think we entered the "friend zone" for each other immediately. We had established there wasn't any romantic connection the last time we met. I was trying to think of friends I could set her up with.
Amanda He paid, we walked out when my Lyft arrived, and he went to the T. We did message after about how funny it was.
Matt I'm sure we'll do something as friends at some point. If there's anyone looking for a tallish, funny, outdoorsy Bostonian, I know someone for you.
Amanda We'll probably try to find the best pork barbecue in Boston.


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Drugs & Diseases > Radiology
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (Leiomyoma/Leiomyosarcoma) Imaging
Author: Vu H Nguyen, MD; Chief Editor: Eugene C Lin, MD more...
Sections Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (Leiomyoma/Leiomyosarcoma) Imaging
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are a subset of GI mesenchymal tumors of varying differentiation. Previously, these tumors were classified as GI leiomyomas, leiomyosarcomas, leiomyoblastomas, or schwannomas, on the basis of histologic findings and the fact that these tumors apparently originate in the muscularis propria layer of the intestinal wall. With the advent of immunohistochemical staining techniques and ultrastructural evaluation, GISTs now are recognized as a distinct group of mesenchymal tumors. In the present classification, GISTs account for approximately 80% of GI mesenchymal tumors. [1, 2, 3]
Grossly, gastrointestinal stromal tumors are well-demarcated spherical masses that appear to arise from the muscularis propria layer of the GI wall. Intramural in origin, they often project exophytically and/or intraluminally, and they may have overlying mucosal ulceration. Larger GISTs nearly always outgrow their vascular supply, leading to extensive areas of necrosis and hemorrhage. [4, 5, 6, 2, 3]
GISTs are most often detected the stomach (60-70%) and small intestine (20-30%); rarely, they occur in the mesentery, omentum, retroperitoneum, and duodenum. [7, 8]
(See the images below.)
Small-bowel gastrointestinal stromal tumor with a diffusely thickened bowel wall.
Gastrointestinal stromal tumor. Image obtained in the same patient as in the previous image. A more caudal portion of the tumor has areas of necrosis (arrows), with air present within the necrotic cavity that communicates with the lumen of the small bowel.
The diameter of GISTs, as a whole, can range from a few millimeters to more than 30 cm. Although larger tumors have a higher rate of malignancy, size does not predict benignity, and small GISTs have been known to behave in a malignant fashion. [5, 9] Malignancy is characterized by local invasion and metastases, particularly to the liver.
Cytologically, GISTs can be classified into 2 broad categories: spindle cell GISTs and epithelioid GISTs. Spindle cell GISTs are characterized by nuclear palisading or prominent perinuclear vacuolization pattern. Epithelioid GISTs may have either a solid pattern or a myxoid pattern, with a possible compartmental pattern. Although GISTs may differentiate along either or both cell types, some show no significant differentiation at all. [4, 5, 10]
The number of mitotic figures present may be used to histologically grade GISTs. Unfortunately, no standard exists for their classification. In general, GISTs with less than 1 mitotic figure per 50 high-powered fields (HPFs) are correlated with benign behavior. A finding of 1-5 mitoses per 10 HPFs suggests potential malignancy. A finding of more than 5 per 10 HPFs indicates malignancy. A finding of more than 10 per 10 HPFs denotes high-grade malignancy. [4, 5, 11]
Although radiologic or histologic results may suggest GISTs, the diagnosis must be made immunochemically. Independent of location, most GISTs express the CD34 antigen (70-78%) and the CD117 (72-94%) antigen. The CD34 protein is a hematopoietic progenitor cell antigen that occurs in a variety of mesenchymal tumors. CD117 also is known as the c-kit protein; it is a membrane receptor with a tyrosine kinase component. Mutations in the CD117 gene have been linked to malignant behavior in GISTs. [4, 5, 12, 13, 14, 15]
About 10-30% of GISTs have malignant behavior. [1, 4] A benign GIST cannot be conclusively diagnosed, because even small, histologically benign-appearing tumors may later demonstrate clinically aggressive behavior. Factors that are correlated with an improved prognosis include a gastric location, a diameter of less than 2 cm, a low mitotic index, and an absence of tumor spillage with complete gross resection.
Gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) en face. Upper GI image obtained during the single contrast enhancement portion shows an incidentally found mass. The smooth borders suggest a submucosal process. At surgery, a GIST was found.
Gastrointestinal stromal tumor. Selective masked injection in the superior mesenteric artery (red arrow) demonstrates a large arterial feeder with tumor staining (white arrows).
About 50-70% of GISTs occur in the stomach; 33%, in the small bowel; 5-15%, in the rectocolon; and only 1-5%, in the esophagus. [1, 5, 9, 10, 16, 17] GISTs are multicentric in fewer than 5% of cases (see the images below).
Multifocal gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Barium examination reveals a smooth mass that causes narrowing in the second portion of the duodenum (arrows).
Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST). CT scan obtained in the same patient as in the previous image shows a focal segment of diffusely thickened ileum, which is another GIST.
Imaging modalities
Contrast-enhanced multidetector CT (MDCT) is the most commonly used imaging modality for localizing, characterizing, and staging GISTs. With MDCT, all patterns of enhancement can be seen, including hypoenhancing, isoenhancing, and hyperenhancing neoplasms. [8]
Imaging studies used in the workup of GISTs include chest radiography, abdominal ultrasound, CT scan, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and positron emission transverse tomography (PET). According to the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines for evaluation of GISTS, abdominal/pelvic CT scan with contrast, with or without MRI, is indicated and chest imaging should be considered. Very small GISTs (< 2 cm) may be evaluated with endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration; for GISTs 2 cm or larger, endoscopy with or without ultrasound may also be indicated in select patients. [18, 8, 19, 20, 21, 22]
Characteristics of GIST on CT scans vary depending on the size and whether the tumor is primary or metastatic. A large lesion (>5 cm) is typically exophytic and hypervascular with heterogeneous enhancement on contrast-enhanced CT. Smaller lesions (< 5 cm) are typically submucosal or endoluminal polypoid masses displaying homogeneous contrast enhancement. Metastases show arterial enhancement because of hypervascularity and lack enhancement on portal venous and venous phases. [23]
PET/CT may be useful for differentiating between benign and malignant lesions. PET/CT has shown more accuracy than CT alone for identifying liver metastasis. [24, 25] In a meta-analysis by Kim et al, fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) or PET/CT showed good sensitivity and specificity for predicting the malignant potential of GIST. Across 7 studies (188 patients), the pooled sensitivity for FDG PET or PET/CT was 0.88 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.80-0.94) without heterogeneity and a pooled specificity of 0.88 (95% CI: 0.75-0.94) with heterogeneity. [25]
The European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) guidelines recommend CT scanning as the imaging modality of choice for staging most GISTS because it provides comprehensive information regarding size and location of the tumor and its relationship to adjacent structures. CT scanning can also be used to detect multiple tumors and can provide evidence of metastatic spread. MRI is noted as an alternative and may provide better results for staging rectal GISTs. [26]
Limitations of techniques
The aim of radiologic examination is to locate gastrointestinal stromal lesions, evaluate local invasion, and detect distant metastases. The radiographic characteristics of GISTs mirror the gross appearance of these tumors. Small GISTs appear as small, well-circumscribed intramural masses, possibly with overlying ulceration. Larger malignant GISTs appear as complex masses with areas of necrosis, which occur as a result of the tumor's outgrowing its blood supply.
Unfortunately, radiologic findings are nonspecific and may represent several entities. Also, the distinction between benign and malignant GISTs cannot be made with radiologic examinations unless metastatic disease or tumor invasion of adjacent structures is depicted. The definitive diagnosis of GIST is made immunohistochemically. However, the diagnosis may be suggested in the case of a complex bowel mass with liver metastases in the absence of lymphadenopathy. [27]
Most tumors referred to as leiomyomas and leiomyosarcomas in the older medical literature are actually GISTs. [4] Only with tumors in the esophagus does the term leiomyoma remain accurate. Leiomyomas are the most common mesenchymal tumors in the esophagus; they rarely occur in the stomach and small bowel. In contrast, GISTs are rare in the esophagus, and they are more common in the stomach and small bowel.
The literature about GISTs remains confusing because tumor classification and terminology are being continually refined. Furthermore, the exact definition of GISTs varies among authors. Some use the term to describe any GI submucosal mesenchymal tumor that is not myogenic (eg, leiomyosarcoma) or neurogenic (eg, schwannoma) in origin. Other authors are more restrictive and use the term when specifically referring to GI mesenchymal tumors that express the CD117 and/or CD34 antigen. [28]
Plain radiographs usually offer little in the evaluation of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). In the chest, esophageal GISTs may appear as a soft tissue mass in the lower two thirds of the mediastinum. In the abdomen, the soft tissue mass may cause deformation of the gastric air shadow, or it may displace loops of bowel. Abdominal films may depict an obstructive bowel pattern. If they are necrotic lesions, collections of air may be visualized within the tumor. [29]
One group reported that double-contrast images show abnormalities in 80% of cases of GISTs. [5]
Regardless of the location of GISTs, barium-enhanced images demonstrate predominantly intramural masses with potential exophytic components. The tumor margins usually are smooth, but with ulceration, some surface irregularity is present. As with other intramural masses, the tumor borders form right or obtuse angles with the adjacent visceral wall. En face, the intraluminal surfaces often have well-defined margins (see the mages below).
Gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumor in a 49-year-old woman. The mass was found incidentally during an upper GI workup for peptic disease. The smooth appearance suggests a submucosal process.
Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST). Image obtained 1 year later in the same patient as in the previous image. The mass has increased in size. A GIST was found at surgery.
Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST). CT scan obtained in the same patient as in the previous image shows the same GIST. It appears as an intramural mass with both exophytic and endophytic components.
Because the tumors are intramural but extramucosal, the overlying mucosa may be intact. With tumors of the stomach, areae gastricae is preserved over the tumor mass. However, overlying mucosal ulcerations are often present; they are more common in malignant GISTs. These ulcerations fill with barium, causing a bull's-eye or target-lesion appearance (see the image below).
Gastrointestinal stromal tumor with central bull's eye appearance, which is compatible with contrast material collection in an ulceration.
If necrosis and cavitation are present, barium may fill the inner parts of the tumor mass (see the images below). [5, 9, 29, 30, 31]
Gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumor with huge exophytic component, which has become ulcerated. Barium collects in the exophytic ulcer crater (arrows).
Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST). CT scan obtained in the same patient as in the previous image demonstrates the GIST with large exophytic ulceration (arrows).
At times, the mass is entirely exophytic and, thus, is not appreciated during contrast-enhanced examination. Barium images outline the intraluminal portion of this tumor; frequently, a substantial exophytic extension is present (see the images below).
Proximal jejunal gastrointestinal stromal tumor that is completely exophytic and not visible at small-bowel barium examination.
Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST). Contrast-enhanced CT obtained in the same patient as in the previous image demonstrates a peripherally enhancing mass immediately adjacent to the pancreas that was thought to be a pancreatic neoplasm. However, at surgery, this proved to be a proximal exophytic jejunal GIST.
Contrast-enhanced multidetector CT (MDCT) is the most commonly used imaging modality for localizing, characterizing, and staging gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). With MDCT, all patterns of enhancement can be seen, including hypoenhancing, isoenhancing, and hyperenhancing neoplasms. [8]
Overall, CT scanning has good sensitivity for the detection of GISTs, with abnormalities seen in 87% of cases. [5, 32, 33]
CT for GISTs should be performed with both oral and intravenous contrast materials. CT is ideal in defining the endoluminal and exophytic extent of tumor. Smaller gastrointestinal stromal tumors appear as smooth, sharply defined intramural masses with homogeneous attenuation (see the images below).
With contrast enhancement, the tumor may appear to have a rim, or it may be uniform in appearance (see the images below).
Occasionally, dense focal calcifications are present. Larger GISTs with necrosis appear as heterogeneous masses with enhancing borders of variable thickness and irregular central areas of fluid, air, or oral contrast attenuation that reflect necrosis (see the images below). Overlying mucosal ulcerations may be present, and the tumor may extend into nearby structures.
Small-bowel gastrointestinal stromal tumor with multiple liver metastases (arrows).
Gastrointestinal stromal tumor. Image obtained in the same patient as in the previous image after imatinib mesylate (Gleevec) administration. Note the decreased size of the liver metastases.
CT is sensitive for the detection of metastatic liver, peritoneal, lung, and bone lesions. The diagnosis of GIST may be suggested by the presence of a large, complex, intestinal mass with liver lesions but without significant lymphadenopathy. Liver lesions can be hypervascular, or they may appear as cystic multilocular lesions with fluid-fluid levels (see the image below). [4, 9, 12, 29, 30, 34]
Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST). CT demonstrates a complex mass originating from the small bowel with characteristics of a GIST.
Among imaging studies, MRI has the best tissue contrast, which aids in the identification of masses within the GI tract. Furthermore, the ability to image in multiple planes facilitates localization and diagnosis. Intravenously administered contrast material is needed to evaluate lesion vascularity.
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) appear as sharply delineated, heterogeneous masses with cystic and necrotic areas. The masses tend to be isointense relative to skeletal muscle on T1-weighted images and hyperintense on T2-weighted images. Signal-intensity voids are present if gas is present within areas of necrotic tumor. [29, 30, 32, 35, 36, 37]
Ultrasonography is only moderately sensitive for the detection and evaluation of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) . Bowel gas and acoustic shadowing obscure portions of the bowel and mesentery. Ultrasonography is ideal for guided-needle biopsy of known lesions, if such a procedure is indicated. With immunohistochemical staining methods, the diagnosis may be made before surgery. [38] However, aspiration (eg, fine-needle aspiration) and biopsy should be used selectively because of the risk of tumor seeding or peritoneal spillage. [5, 39] Both are associated with a worse prognosis.
On sonograms, larger gastrointestinal stromal tumors appear as complex masses with cystic and solid components, which are consistent with their tendency to undergo necrosis. [29, 35]
Endoscopic ultrasonography may be valuable in the evaluation of GISTs. The tumors appear as hypoechoic masses that are contiguous with the fourth hypoechoic layer of the GI wall, which corresponds to the muscularis propria. Characteristics associated with malignancy include tumor size greater than 4 cm, an irregular extraluminal border, echogenic foci, and the presence of cystic spaces. [5]
On angiography, gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) appear as relatively well-circumscribed, hypervascular lesions with central avascularity. They have large feeding arteries and draining veins, and they show intense tumor staining (see the images below). [12]
Gastrointestinal stromal tumor. A 62-year-old women presented with 2 episodes of massive GI bleeding. Nuclear medicine GI bleed scanning demonstrates increased tracer activity in the mid abdomen (arrows) consistent with a small bowel active bleed. Courtesy of Dr Jon Wood and Dr John McDermott, University of Wisconsin Hospitals and Clinics.
Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST). Patient in the previous image then underwent angiography, which demonstrates a mass (white arrows) in the same location as the small-bowel bleed. The blood supply is from the superior mesenteric artery (red arrow). Minimal mass effect on the bladder is noted (yellow arrows). Findings are consistent with a small bowel mass, which stained positive for CD117; this result is consistent with a GIST.
Gastrointestinal stromal tumor. Delayed images demonstrate large draining vein, which empties into the superior mesenteric vein (red arrow).
Gastrointestinal stromal tumor. Enteroclysis results were surprisingly normal. No abnormalities are seen, and no significant mass effect suggests the presence of the mass.
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[Guideline] National Comprehensive Cancer Network. NCCN Guidelines: Soft Tissue Sarcoma, version 1.2020. NCCN.org. Available at https://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/sarcoma.pdf. May 15, 2020; Accessed: May 25, 2020.
Tang JY, Tao KG, Zhang LY, Wu KM, Shi J, Zeng X, et al. Value of contrast-enhanced harmonic endoscopic ultrasonography in differentiating between gastrointestinal stromal tumors: A meta-analysis. J Dig Dis. 2019 Mar. 20 (3):127-134. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Tirumani SH, Baheti AD, Tirumani H, O'Neill A, Jagannathan JP. Update on Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors for Radiologists. Korean J Radiol. 2017 Jan-Feb. 18 (1):84-93. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Vernuccio F, Taibbi A, Picone D, et al. Imaging of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors: From Diagnosis to Evaluation of Therapeutic Response. Anticancer Res. 2016 Jun. 36 (6):2639-48. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Milliron B, Mittal PK, Camacho JC, Datir A, Moreno CC. Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors: Imaging Features Before and After Treatment. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol. 2017 Jan - Feb. 46 (1):17-25. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Quiroz HJ, Willobee BA, Sussman MS, et al. Pediatric gastrointestinal stromal tumors-a review of diagnostic modalities. Transl Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2018. 3:54. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Parab TM, DeRogatis MJ, Boaz AM, Grasso SA, Issack PS, Duarte DA, et al. Gastrointestinal stromal tumors: a comprehensive review. J Gastrointest Oncol. 2019 Feb. 10 (1):144-154. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].
Kim SJ, Lee SW. Performance of F-18 FDG PET/CT for predicting malignant potential of gastrointestinal stromal tumors: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2018 Mar. 33 (3):576-582. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
[Guideline] Casali PG, Abecassis N, Aro HT, et al. Gastrointestinal stromal tumours: ESMO-EURACAN Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol. 2018 Oct 1. 29 (Suppl 4):iv68-iv78. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].
Kim HC, Lee JM, Choi SH, et al. Imaging of gastrointestinal stromal tumors. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 2004 Sep-Oct. 28(5):596-604. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Cichoz-Lach H, Kasztelan-Szczerbinska B, Slomka M. Gastrointestinal stromal tumors: epidemiology, clinical picture, diagnosis, prognosis and treatment. Pol Arch Med Wewn. 2008 Apr. 118(4):216-21. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Shojaku H, Futatsuya R, Seto H, et al. Malignant gastrointestinal stromal tumor of the small intestine: radiologic-pathologic correlation. Radiat Med. 1997 May-Jun. 15(3):189-92. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Levine MS, Buck JL, Pantongrag-Brown L, et al. Leiomyosarcoma of the esophagus: radiographic findings in 10 patients. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1996 Jul. 167(1):27-32. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Ishii T, Kuyama Y, Obara M. Gastrointestinal stromal tumor of the stomach. Intern Med. 1997 Jun. 36(6):392-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Jiang ZX, Zhang SJ, Peng WJ, Yu BH. Rectal gastrointestinal stromal tumors: imaging features with clinical and pathological correlation. World J Gastroenterol. 2013 May 28. 19(20):3108-16. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].
Milliron B, Mittal PK, Camacho JC, Datir A, Moreno CC. Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors: Imaging Features Before and After Treatment. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol. 2015 Aug 7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Buckley JA, Fishman EK. CT evaluation of small bowel neoplasms: spectrum of disease. Radiographics. 1998 Mar-Apr. 18(2):379-92. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Tervahartiala P, Halavaara J. Radiology of GIST. Gastrointestinal stromal tumours. Ann Chir Gynaecol. 1998. 87(4):291-2. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Lin G, Yang LY, Huang YT, Ng KK, Ng SH, Ueng SH, et al. Comparison of the diagnostic accuracy of contrast-enhanced MRI and diffusion-weighted MRI in the differentiation between uterine leiomyosarcoma / smooth muscle tumor with uncertain malignant potential and benign leiomyoma. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2015 Sep 18. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Sato K, Yuasa N, Fujita M, Fukushima Y. Clinical application of diffusion-weighted imaging for preoperative differentiation between uterine leiomyoma and leiomyosarcoma. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2014 Apr. 210 (4):368.e1-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Seidal T, Edvardsson H. Diagnosis of gastrointestinal stromal tumor by fine-needle aspiration biopsy: a cytological and immunocytochemical study. Diagn Cytopathol. 2000 Dec. 23(6):397-401. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Duffaud F, Blay JY. Gastrointestinal stromal tumors: biology and treatment. Oncology. 2003. 65(3):187-97. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Vu H Nguyen, MD Staff Physician, Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin Hospitals and Clinics
Vu H Nguyen, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Radiology, Radiological Society of North America
Bernard D Coombs, MB, ChB, PhD Consulting Staff, Department of Specialist Rehabilitation Services, Hutt Valley District Health Board, New Zealand
Eugene C Lin, MD Attending Radiologist, Teaching Coordinator for Cardiac Imaging, Radiology Residency Program, Virginia Mason Medical Center; Clinical Assistant Professor of Radiology, University of Washington School of Medicine
Eugene C Lin, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Nuclear Medicine, American College of Radiology, Radiological Society of North America, Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
The authors and editors of eMedicine gratefully acknowledge the contributions of previous author Andrew Taylor, MD, to the development and writing of this article.
encoded search term (Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (Leiomyoma/Leiomyosarcoma) Imaging) and Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (Leiomyoma/Leiomyosarcoma) Imaging
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (GISTs)
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (GISTs) Staging
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors Treatment Protocols
Treatment Options for Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor
Soft Tissue Sarcoma Guidelines
Intestinal Leiomyosarcoma
Genetic Clues to 'Devastating' Sarcoma Diagnosis Uncovered
Regorafenib: New Option for Advanced Gastroesophageal Cancer?
AGA Offers Key Guidance on Managing Subepithelial GI Lesions
Soft-Tissue Sarcomas: What You Need to Know
Diseases & Conditions Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (Leiomyoma/Leiomyosarcoma) Imaging
Improving Outcomes and Quality of Life in Advanced GIST: Discussing the Patient Journey and the Latest Data 0.75 CME / CE / ABIM MOC Credits
Improving Outcomes and Quality of Life in Advanced GIST: Discussing the Patient Journey and the Latest Data
Diseases & Conditions Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (GISTs)
Diseases & Conditions Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (GISTs) Staging


It's not everywhere that while wandering the meandering trails of a scenic wooded parkland you might unexpectedly find yourself smack dab in the middle of the ghostly remains of fortress-like military base from another age, complete with massive concrete cannon casemates, and a labyrinth of underground tunnels and bunkers. No, it's not everywhere, but it is here in New Jersey.
Located high on a hilltop in Highlands, in what is now part of the Hartshorne Woods County Park, is a former military installation, Battery Lewis, which was built during World War II. Battery Lewis was equipped with a Battery Commander's station, a casemated switchboard and plotting room (which is the bunker directly behind the battery at the lowest point of the base), 8 base end and 8 spotting stations. Two 16-inch guns were also placed at both casemates in 1944, and removed in 1948 after the war. The battery also had fire-control radar, 2 ammunition magazines and a diesel power plant.
The battery, which occupies the highest point on the Eastern Seaboard from southern Maine to Florida, was named after Colonel Isaac Lewis, whose greatest achievement was the invention and production of the world's first lightweight machine gun for aircraft. Some of his other inventions were gas propelled torpedoes, a quick-firing field gun and various other military hardware. Lewis died in New Jersey on November 9, 1931.
Today most of the concrete structures of Battery Lewis still remain, though few, if any wooden structures are intact. The vast network of underground tunnels, bunkers and rooms are sealed off from the public with chain link fencing. You can, however, walk on the designated trails through the gun casemates and wander along the top where other guns were once placed. This vantage point offers a great view to New York City, which gives you an appreciation for the military significance of the now abandoned site.
This area was also a control center for Nike air defense missiles during the Cold War. The base was used both by the Air Force and Army and renamed the Highlands Army Air Defense Base, and was the center of operations and command post for the launcher sites after the Pedricktown Nike base was closed in 1966. It was the central control point for firing Nike missiles, although there were no missiles installed at the site. Nike missile sites were numbered 1 to 100, in a clockwise circle centered around New York City. The Battery Lewis site was designated NY-55DC.The casemates were later turned into fallout shelters, then a county park when the base closed around 1974.
Located throughout the woods are other bunkers and military leftovers from life during wartime in New Jersey. Maps are available for self-guided walking tours at the site.
The Highlands Military Reservation was the site of one of the first three early warning radar sites constructed by the Air Force during 1948. The "sister" sites were located in Palermo, in southern New Jersey, and at Montauk Point, Long Island. The radar site was designed to detect the approach of hostile aircraft (Soviet long-range bombers) and to help direct defensive fighter aircraft to intercept them in the event that World War Three had broken out.
During 1960, the Army constructed a new semi-automated air defense facility in the woods above Battery Lewis. The Army's new Missile Master facility was designed to coordinate the firing of all of the Nike missile batteries in the New York Metropolitan area. The system and the personnel who operated it were located within a large, heavily-built, reinforced concrete blockhouse, constructed partially below grade level. The Missile Master blockhouse had food, water and sleeping accommodations sufficient to sustain more than 100 persons for 30 days. A roof mounted wash-down system was designed to remove radioactive fallout. A two-story "blue room" contained banks of radar screens and large plotting boards needed to direct an air battle.
The Air Force left the Highlands base during 1966. The Army, however, continued to operate its air defense facility, controlling its Nike surface-to-air missiles, until 1974 when the Nike system was deactivated. The remains of the former Highlands Air Force Station, and the Army's Missile Master facility, were demolished by Monmouth County during the mid-1990s.
The preceding article is an excerpt from Weird NJ magazine, "Your Travel Guide to New Jersey's Local Legends and Best Kept Secrets," which is available on newsstands throughout the state and on the web at www.WeirdNJ.com and through our Amazon store.
This entry was posted in Abandoned, Mystery History and tagged abandoned, army, battery lewis, fort, highlands, military, monmouth county. Bookmark the permalink.


There you are with your fancy laptop or desktop PC, busting out those TPS reports like nobody's business or staying in your lane with some champion (I know nothing about League of Legends). And that's all well and good, except you glance over at your neighbor and see that she's happily tapping and swiping away on her computer. And you don't have a touch-enabled PC. Before you toss your upgraded piece of junk in the trash, you might consider adding the simple Neonode AirBar accessory to the mix instead.
The solution here is remarkably brilliant in its simplicity, effectively adding touch functionality to computers (and displays) that don't already have touch functionality. The Neonode AirBar simply attaches to the bottom of your display and it'll work under both Windows and Chrome OS operating environments. So yes, it'll even upgrade your non-touch Chromebook into one that will happily accept your pokey fingers.
The module, which connects to your PC via USB, works by way of zForce AIR technology. An invisible light is emitted to detect your touch and gestures, so it'll work even if you're wearing gloves or if you want to use some other accessory. The press release even mentions a paintbrush... you know, for an even more authentic MS Paint experience.
Peep the press release below for more details. The Neonode AirBar sensor is available now for $49.
"Imagine taking a non-touch PC, and within seconds making it a touch interactive device. Our sensor does not require installation of new drivers or lengthy instructions. The user simply connects AirBar and can then start to interact with the display immediately – it´s Plug and Touch. Compared with today's PCs with built in touchscreens the AirBar sensor keeps your high quality matte display glare free and without greasy finger prints," said Remo Behdasht, SVP Business Development at Neonode.
"We are expecting an enthusiastic reaction for AirBar from end-users, retailers and PC OEMs, and we are working toward expanding how AirBar can transform even more everyday devices into interactive experiences." concluded Mr Behdasht.
For a limited time the 15.6 inch version of AirBar is going to be available at www.air.bar for an introductory price of $49.
For more information about the product and expected delivery time visit www.air.bar.


117 Marine Parade, Worthing, West Sussex, BN11 3QQ, England.
The Kingsway Hotel commands a superb seafront position in the popular seaside town of Worthing. This location is ideal for strolling along the beach, exploring the quaint town and visiting all the sights and shops of nearby Brighton. A stay at the Kingsway Hotel gives you not only a great location but a warm and friendly atmosphere, quality accommodation and modern amenities. All of the Kingsway Hotel�s guest rooms have been tastefully decorated and are equipped for comfort with en-suite bathroom, satellite TV, telephone, radio, hair dryer and hospitality tray. As a guest at the Kingsway Hotel you can also make use of a restaurant, 2 lounges and a fully stocked bar. Serving locally renowned home-made dishes and a wide selection of drinks, in relaxed and inviting surroundings, the hotel puts on a real dining treat. To make your stay even more comfortable and peaceful the Kingsway Hotel offers limited complimentary car parking, room service and a lift to all floors.


Tired of waiting for basil to start making your caprese salads? Try substituting arugula for basil and you will be pleasantly surprised!
Cut both tomatoes and fresh mozzerella into slices or cubes and combine in a medium sized bowl. Add sea salt and freshly ground pepper to taste. Chop arugula leaves into smaller pieces and add to mozzerella/tomato mixture. Continue to add the above ingredients until you have reached the cheese/tomato/arugula ratio that you prefer. Toss mixture with equal parts balsamic vinegar and olive oil. If possible, let the salad marinate for up to 30 minutes in the refrigerator before serving. Enjoy this salad with a loaf of your favorite artisan bread and forget about turning on the oven!


Accessories Included With Used Cameras: Any used digital camera that is compatible with a rechargeable battery will come with a battery and a charger. Other accessories may be included if they were part of the original trade-in, but are not guaranteed. Included accessories may not be the original manufacturer equipment.


Download Concrete Technology Books – We have compiled a list of Best & Standard Reference Books on Concrete Technology Subject.These books are used by students of top universities, institutes and colleges.
Leading publishers of books & digital solutions for Engineering, Business & Management, Computer Science and Information Technology, Mobile Application Development, Big Data, Test Prep books for JEE, GATE. These books have been adopted in various Indian universities.
This book has been designed to cater the needs of the first-year engineering students of all branches. The text of the book covers the complete syllabus of the subject – Engineering Drawing (Graphics) of various Technical Universities all over the country and is also linked with a website, an online portal for students.
The higher education system in India includes both private and public universities.Public universities are supported by the Government of India and the state governments, while private universities are mostly supported by various bodies and societies.
The material is prepared as per ICAR approved syllabus for the benefit of UG students already enrolled in Indian Agricultural Universities.
About the book This well-known text ... the Degree Examinations of all the Indian Universities, ... Documents Similar To Railway+Engineering.pdf. Skip carousel.


text:
The Shotguns and Pistols of PUBG
NChang / February 27, 2018
Sometimes, when the only gun you can find in the beginning of a game is a pistol or shotgun, knowing how to properly use it might be your only chance of surviving. Later in the game, assault rifles and snipers reign supreme, but right after dropping, shotguns and pistols can definitely hold their own in the hands of a competent player.
There are a total of five pistols in the game, several of which are map exclusive. The pistols available on both Miramar and Erangel are the P92, P1911, and the P18C. The P92 is the well-rounded pistol of the three with a 15 round magazine without an extended magazine. It does average damage compared to the other two pistols putting it squarely in the middle in terms of damage. The P1911 does the most damage of the three pistols, but the cost is an extremely small clip that holds only 7 bullets. On the other side of the spectrum, the P18C does the least damage but boasts the highest magazine at 17 and an automatic fire mode that the other two pistols don't have. The final two pistols in the game are the R1895 and R45 revolvers. Both deal high damage at the cost of a slow fire and reload rate.
In PUBG, there are four different types of shotguns, each with their unique qualities. The S1897 is a pump action shotgun that holds 5 shots. Players who use this shotgun are able to have a decent ammo count, but each shot requires a pump which could be enough time for the enemy to finish you off. The S686 is a double barrel shotgun that can fire twice quickly, but takes a long time to reload. The S12K is a rifle like shotgun with a semi-automatic firing mode for its 5 bullets. However, it does slightly less damage than its shotgun counterparts. Finally, the Sawed-Off is a Miramar exclusive shotgun that behaves like an eco-version of the S686. It has extremely short range and should be only used as a last resort.
February 27, 2018 in Games, PUBG.
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You can not create and manage more than one account at www.manager1.com.
You can not manage other user accounts.
You can not use foul language in forums www.manager1.com.
You can not buy or sell players in order to give money to another manager.
It can not benefit other clubs.
You can not make improper use of the system. Any operation beyond the means "normal" for a manager, coniderará an attempt to attack the system, and therefore, your account will be canceled.
It's not allowed to use browser extensions to filter advertising content.
The violation of any of these rules shall be resolved by system administrators, with penalties that may include the elimination your account.
Note: Teams are allowed from the same IP, but fighting between them will be settled scoreless.


text:
Q: PayPal order review page redirect I'm trying to setup PayPal express checkout to bypass redirect to Magento review page.
I have followed directions posted on stackoverflow link below but I am still redirected to http://mysite.com/index.php/paypal/express/review/   review page the button has changed to pay now but I am redirected before I can complete checkout.
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/7607180/magento-easy-way-to-remove-paypal-express-review-step/14313748#14313748
Anybody point me in the right direction?
Changed
 \app\code\core\Mage\Paypal\Controller\Express\Abstract.php
returnAction() for:
$this->_redirect('//review');
changed:
$this->_redirect('//review');
to:
$this->_redirect('//placeOrder');
 Go to: \app\code\core\Mage\Paypal\Controller\Express\Abstract.php
and search in returnAction() for:
$this->_redirect('//review');
There you have to change:
$this->_redirect('//review');

A: Actually all the solutions mentioned here required to edit the Magento core. This is known as bad practise and does not keep your shop updateable.
What you need to do for a clean solution:

*

*Create a module (in my exampe: Avoe_Paypal) to include the changes

*Rewrite Paypal Config

*Redirect on paypal express review step which is http://yourdomain.com/paypal/express/review/
1) Create your module
Avoe/Paypal/etc/config.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<config>
    <modules>
        <Avoe_Paypal>
            <version>0.1.0</version>
        </Avoe_Paypal>
    </modules>

    <global>
        <models>
            <Avoe_Paypal>
                <class>Avoe_Paypal_Model</class>
            </Avoe_Paypal>
            <paypal>
                <rewrite>
                    <config>Avoe_Paypal_Model_Config</config>
                </rewrite>
            </paypal>
        </models>
        <events>
            <controller_action_predispatch_paypal_express_review>
                <observers>
                    <avoe_paypal_predispatch>
                        <type>singleton</type>
                        <class>Avoe_Paypal_Model_Observer</class>
                        <method>paypalExpressReturnPredispatch</method>
                    </avoe_paypal_predispatch>
                </observers>
            </controller_action_predispatch_paypal_express_review>
        </events>
    </global>
</config>

app/etc/Avoe_Paypal.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<config>
    <modules>
        <Avoe_Paypal>
            <active>true</active>
            <codePool>local</codePool>
            <depends>
                <Mage_Paypal />
            </depends>
        </Avoe_Paypal>
    </modules>
</config>

2) Rewrite config, add useraction 'commit':
<?php
class Avoe_Paypal_Model_Config extends Mage_Paypal_Model_Config {

    /**
     * Get url for dispatching customer to express checkout start
     * Added useraction 'commit' to remove PayPal Express Checkout review page
     *
     * @param string $token
     * @return string
     */
    public function getExpressCheckoutStartUrl($token)
    {
        return $this->getPaypalUrl(array(
            'cmd'   => '_express-checkout',
            'useraction' => 'commit',
            'token' => $token,
        ));
    }
}

3) Create observer to redirect:
<?php

class Avoe_Paypal_Model_Observer {

    function paypalExpressReturnPredispatch($observer) {
        Mage::app()->getResponse()->setRedirect(Mage::getUrl('*/*/placeOrder'));
    }
}

There is also a small Magento extension which was just released yesterday, to remove the review step:
https://github.com/tim-bezhashvyly/Sandfox_RemovePaypalExpressReviewStep

A: In the PayPal configuration, expand the "Advanced Settings" and look for the option "Skip Order Review Step". Change that to "Yes" instead of "No".

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
HomeMusic NewsVinyl Sales* Continued To Grow In 2018, Report Says
Vinyl Sales* Continued To Grow In 2018, Report Says
January 8, 2019 Cathryn Draper Music News 0
[*New Vinyl – this doesn't even account for the second hand market…]
Celebratory news for audiophiles: Vinyl sales grew by double digits last year, moving nearly 10 million units in 2018.
Vinyl accounted for an estimated 9.7 million album sales in 2018, says an annual music consumption report from BuzzAngle. That's up roughly 12% from 8.6 million in 2017. Vinyl album sales accounted for 13.7% of all physical sales, up from 10% in 2017 and 8% in 2016.
BuzzAngle outlined the year's 25 best-selling vinyl record, a list led by soundtracks and classic favorites. Roughly 66% percent of vinyl albums sold in 2018 were released at least three years ago.
A look at the top 10 stateside:-
Guardians of the Galaxy: Awesome Mix Vol.1 (47,155 sold
Michael Jackson — Thriller (46,435 sold)
Beatles — Abbey Road (43,606)
Fleetwood Mac — Rumours (38,874)
Prince & The Revolution — Purple Rain (38,339)
Amy Winehouse — Back to Black (37,753)
Tony Bennett & Diana Krall — Love Is Here To Stay (36,962)
Queen — Greatest Hits I (34,212)
Pink Floyd — The Dark Side of the Moon (33,342)
Bob Marley & The Wailers — Legend (33,191)
With DAMN. at No. 17 and good kid, m.A.A.d city at No. 20, Kendrick Lamar led hip-hop entries on the year-end list. He joins the Beatles and Fleetwood Mac with scoring two slots in the top 25. Chris Stapleton led country music entries at No. 24, selling 20,964 vinyl copies of 2015's Traveller.
Rock albums led all genres in vinyl sales, making up 42% of the 9.7 million units. That's down from rock's 54% share in 2017. Pop titles grew to roughly 26%, up from 14% in 2017.
Vinyl grew as overall physical album sales continued to drop. Physical sales fell 15.3%, with CD sales dropping by 18.5%. CDs accounted for 60.7 million units in 2018, compared to 74.5 million in 2017. Cassette sales, however, grew 18.9%, selling roughly 120,000 units — a nod to artists releasing collectible versions of albums on the once-defunct medium.
BuzzAngle reports a year of positive growth for overall music consumption, with combined streaming and sales up 16.2% from 2017. With a 41.8% bump, audio streaming saw the largest year-over-year growth — up 534.6 billion streams from 376.9 billion in 2017. Read the full BuzzAngle report here.
I'm an entertainment journalist living in Des Moines, Iowa. My writing on music and culture has ran in USA Today, VICE, Alternative Press and more. I'm the resident music reporter for the Des Moines Register, covering entertainment's biggest stories through a Midwestern lens. From Forbes
Top selling vinyl albums in the UK 2018 (From Vinyl Factory)
1. Arctic Monkeys – Tranquility Base Hotel and Casino (38,000 copies)
2. Various Artists – The Greatest Showman (32,000 copies)
3. Fleetwood Mac – Rumours (32,000 copies)
4. Queen – Greatest Hits (31,500 copies)
5. Pink Floyd – Dark Side Of The Moon (26,000 copies)
6. George Ezra – Staying At Tamara's (24,000 copies)
7. Nirvana – Nevermind
8. Oasis – (What's The Story) Morning Glory
9. David Bowie – Legacy
10. Amy Winehouse – Back To Black
Explore vinyl arriving by the hour at eil.com
eil.com – the world's best online store for rare, collectable and out of print Vinyl Records, CDs & Music memorabilia since 1987
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Janelle Monae announced for Glastonbury Festival
Blue Note Records Turns 80 Years Old!
Buying - Sell to Us
Sell your Vinyl Records & CDs here tomorrow, Friday 13th March
March 12, 2015 Cathryn Draper Buying - Sell to Us, Collecting Advice, eil.com News, Rare & Vintage Vinyl & CDs, Record Collecting News 0
The eil.com offices are open again tomorrow to sellers of mint Vinyl Records, CDs and items of Pop 'n Rock Memorabilia: posters, tour programmes, tickets and more! Pop along from 9:30 onwards and let our […]
Your Weekly Best Of Premium Collectables including the Smiths, The Who, Stone Roses, John Martyn & More
May 3, 2017 Tim Card Rare & Vintage Vinyl & CDs 0
…..monster-rare collectables at eil Towers this week include some more incredible withdrawn Smiths proof artwork, vintage '60s 1st issue vinyl from the Rolling Stones with 'Let It Bleed' and 'Sell Out' from the Who, hard-to-find tour […]
Pretty in Pink, Top Gun, Rain Man and more rare and collectable vinyl soundtracks now in stock
May 17, 2019 Glen Bushell Rare & Vintage Vinyl & CDs 0
Nothing beats a strong, mood setting soundtrack to bring the best out of a movie. It could be a brooding, ominous score to a horror movie, an Ennio Morricone spaghetti western theme, or a synthwave […]