The objective was to investigate the phenotypic and genotypic resistance and the horizontal transfer of resistance determinants from Salmonella isolates from humans and animals in Vietnam.
The susceptibility of 297 epidemiologically unrelated non-typhoid Salmonella isolates was investigated by disk diffusion assay. The isolates were screened for the presence of class 1 integrons and Salmonella genomic island 1 by PCR. The potential for the transfer of resistance determinants was investigated by conjugation experiments. Resistance to gentamicin, kanamycin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, trimethoprim, ampicillin, nalidixic acid, sulphonamides, and tetracycline was found in 13 to 50% of the isolates. Nine distinct integron types were detected in 28% of the isolates belonging to 11 Salmonella serovars including S. Tallahassee. Gene cassettes identified were aadA1, aadA2, aadA5, blaPSE-1, blaOXA-30, dfrA1, dfrA12, dfrA17, and sat, as well as open reading frames with unknown functions. Most integrons were located on conjugative plasmids, which can transfer their antimicrobial resistance determinants to Escherichia coli or Salmonella Enteritidis, or with Salmonella Genomic Island 1 or its variants. The resistance gene cluster in serovar Emek identified by PCR mapping and nucleotide sequencing contained SGI1-J3 which is integrated in SGI1 at another position than the majority of SGI1. This is the second report on the insertion of SGI1 at this position. High-level resistance to fluoroquinolones was found in 3 multiresistant S. Typhimurium isolates and was associated with mutations in the gyrA gene leading to the amino acid changes Ser83Phe and Asp87Asn.
Resistance was common among Vietnamese Salmonella isolates from different sources. Legislation to enforce a more prudent use of antibiotics in both human and veterinary medicine should be implemented by the authorities in Vietnam.
Copyright: © 2010 Vo et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Funding: This study was supported by a grant from the Vietnamese government in the Project 322. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Non-typhoid Salmonella infection is one of the main zoonotic diseases in developed ,  and developing countries , . The ease with which people can travel between distant countries and the exchange of food between countries by global trade has contributed significantly to the spread of food-borne diseases. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella isolates are a direct threat to human health when this multidrug resistance interferes with treatment and an indirect threat when resistance can be transferred to other human pathogens . Therefore, antimicrobial susceptibility monitoring is important for the detection of resistant clinical isolates and for the surveillance of antimicrobial resistance.
A strong relationship between MDR Salmonella strains and the presence of integrons has been proven , . Class 1 integrons are the most common integron type present in clinical isolates of the Enterobacteriaceae. Class 1 integrons, and transferable elements like conjugative plasmids or transposons, play an important role in the carriage and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance genes due to their ability to incorporate or excise one or more resistance gene cassettes , . Antibiotic resistance gene clusters in class 1 integrons located on the chromosomal Salmonella Genomic Island 1 (SGI1) have been demonstrated in S. Typhimurium DT104 . The integron is located between genes S027 and S044 of SGI1 , , , , . Recently, the integration of a complex integron in gene S023 of the SGI1 was reported , . The SGI1-associated MDR region consists of a complex integron carrying the aadA2, blaPSE, floR, tetR, and tet(G) genes. In several Salmonella serovars, including strains of S. Typhimurium DT104, a number of SGI1 variants (SGI1-A to J) have been detected. SGI1 is transmissible, but only in the presence of a helper plasmid. This mobility of SGI1 by conjugative mobilization may contribute to the spread of antibiotic resistance genes between different S. enterica serovars and between Salmonella and other bacterial pathogens .
The aims of this study were to investigate (i) the antimicrobial resistance of Vietnamese Salmonella isolates collected from humans, livestock and meat (ii) the prevalence and characteristics of class 1 integrons in these isolates and (iii) the resistance gene clusters present in SGI1.
Onehundred-and-ten (37%) Vietnamese Salmonella isolates were fully susceptible to all 15 antimicrobials tested (Table 1). No ceftazidime-resistant isolate was found. Nearly two thirds of the collection (187 isolates) showed resistance to at least one antimicrobial agent. More than 40% (n = 125) of the isolates belonging to 17 serovars were resistant against ≥2 antimicrobials. Resistance to six or more antimicrobials was found in 51 isolates (17%). Resistance to gentamicin was found among human (14%) and porcine (20%) salmonellae, especially S. Typhimurium isolates. Of the poultry isolates, 80% were resistant against nalidixic acid. Three norfloxacin-resistant S. Typhimurium isolates were found and all were isolates from humans (n = 3).
Table 1. Number of resistant Salmonella isolates belonging to different serovars isolated from humans, cattle, pigs and poultry in Vietnam by an agar diffusion method*.
The prevalence of class 1 integrons was high (28%). Nine different profiles of class 1 integrons (Table 2) were detected in 83 isolates belonging to 11 serovars. The gene cassettes found in these integrons included the aadA1, aadA2 and aadA5 genes encoding resistance to streptomycin and spectinomycin, the blaPSE-1 and blaOXA-30 genes conferring resistance to β-lactams, the dfrA1, dfrA12 and dfrA17 genes encoding resistance against trimethoprim, the sat gene mediating streptothricin resistance and open reading frames encoding proteins of an unknown function. Phenotypic resistance to a certain antimicrobial drug was observed in all isolates carrying the corresponding gene cassettes. The transfer of the integrons and the antimicrobial resistance determinants (AAcGKSTSuTp, CSTSuTp, and CSSu) to E. coli was possible from 17 of the 83 integron-positive isolates of serovar Typhimurium, Anatum, and Agona, respectively (Table 3). Ten S. Typhimurium isolates from 17 isolates tested could transfer their integrons and resistance determinants to S. Enteritidis. This was demonstrated by the fact that the E. coli and S. Enteriditis transconjugants were int positive and obtained the phenotypic resistance patterns of the donors.
Table 2. Characterization of class 1 integrons of Salmonella isolates from human and animal origin in Vietnam.
Table 3. Antimicrobial resistance characteristics of MDR Salmonella isolates from human and animal origin in Vietnam.
In serovar Typhimurium, Derby, Albany, and Tallahassee, SGI1 and the variants SGI1-C and SGI1-F were found (Table 3). The three S. Emek isolates with the phenotypic resistance pattern CNaSSuTp, CNaTpSu, and AAcCeCNaTTpSu (V14, V28 and V116, respectively, were positive in the PCRs for SGI1 . Remarkably, an integron structure was not present between SGI1 genes S027–S044, instead it was present in gene S023. PCRs specific for the genes commonly present in the integron structures of SGI1 showed the presence of a structure identical to SGI-J3 .
Excision and circularization of a SGI is the first step in horizontal transfer to other bacteria. To study the possible excision of SGI1 from the genome as a circular form, a PCR specific for the circular form of SGI1 was used. The SGI1 in 3 S. Typhimurium isolates proved to be present in its circular form. Nucleotide sequencing showed that the fragment of ca. 430 bp obtained by SGIc-PCR from a SGI1 carrying S. Typhimurium isolate (V54) was identical to the sequence of the S004 gene, the right end of SGI1 up to the insertion site of the cryptic retronphage  in the sequence deposited in the GenBank under accession number AF261825.2. No PCR product indicating the presence of the circular form of SGI1 was obtained with DNA from other serovars.
No qnrA gene was found in the three norfloxacin/ciprofloxacin-resistant Salmonella Typhimurium isolates (V57, V58 and V60). However, AS-PCR-RFLP revealed that all 3 isolates had double point-mutations in their gyrA gene at Ser-83 and Asp-87. Nucleotide sequencing of the fragments, spanning the "Quinolone Resistance Determining Region" (QRDR) showed a substitution in the codon TCC (Ser) at position to 83 TTC (Phe) and in the codon GAC (Asp) at position 87 to AAC (Asn).
To date very little data has been published on antimicrobial resistance among non-typhoidal Salmonella serovars from Vietnam . A phenotypic resistance study is the first step of such an antimicrobial resistance investigation. The data from the present study indicated a high rate of antimicrobial resistance among Vietnamese Salmonella isolates. More than half of the isolates showed resistance to at least one antibiotic. The resistance percentages to chloramphenicol, streptomycin, ampicillin, sulphonamides, and tetracycline found in the present study were comparable to those found in other countries , ,  and can therefore be considered a worldwide problem. The high rate of resistance of the Vietnamese isolates against aminoglycosides and trimethoprim differs from the low rate of resistance against these antimicrobials among Salmonellae isolated in 10 European countries . An explanation for this observation may be the increasing and inappropriate use of antibiotics during the last ten years in Vietnam especially in the intensive animal husbandry in which antibiotics are being used on a large scale for prophylaxis, as growth enhancer, and for therapy. In 2002, gentamicin and trimethoprim, for example, were used frequently in animal husbandry in Vietnam .
The prevalence of integrons found in Salmonella varies from country to country and depends on the origin of the isolates. If both human and animal Salmonella isolates are included, 28%, 20%, and 16% of the Vietnamese, English, and Dutch non-typhoid Salmonellae isolates, respectively, were found to carry class 1 integrons as demonstrated in this study and in the literature , . Among the 9 profiles of class 1 integrons found, gene cassettes encoding resistance to aminoglycosides (aadA1, aadA2, and aadA5), β-lactams (blaPSE-1, blaOXA-30) and trimethoprim (dfrA1, dfrA12, and dfrA17) were frequently detected. The data of the genotypic and phenotypic resistance assays in the present study indicated that apparently there is a relationship between the use of these antimicrobials in the last decades in human medicine and in the veterinary sector in Vietnam. In addition, the sat gene encoding resistance to streptothricin was also found.
An important observation in the current study was the high prevalence of class 1 integrons, especially in S. Typhimurium pt 90. In this study an integron of about 1.95 kb with the aadA2, orfF and dfrA12genes was the predominant integron profile detected in S. Typhimurium pt 90, S. Schwarzengrund, S. Anatum and S. Derby isolates. This type of class 1 integron has also been detected in S. Cholerasuis in Taiwan , and S. Gallinarum in Korea , in S. Schwarzengrund from catfish and squid roll imported from Thailand and Taiwan, respectively, to the United States . During the same period, in European countries and the United States, human and animal S. Typhimurium strains (especially DT104) with the two integrons of the aadA2 and blaPSE-1 genes were the most prevalent type , , . Thus, different types of integrons can be dominant in different geographic regions. Also in this study, S. Typhimurium pt 90 isolates carried integrons and antibiotic resistance determinants against 7 to 8 different antimicrobials that could be transferred to S. Enteritidis and to E. coli. S. Typhimurium pt 90 is the most common phage type in Vietnam . This suggests that S. Typhimurium pt 90 may play an important role in the spread of class 1 integrons and antimicrobial resistance determinants among Enterobacteriaceae in this country. Remarkably, 3 integrons (with amplicons of 1.7 kb, 1.95 kb and 2.0 kb) were detected in a single isolate (V57). This isolate was cultured from a serious case of human salmonellosis in Ho Chi Minh City. The isolate is classified as Salmonella Typhimurium U320 in the English phage typing system. The isolate was resistant to 13 antimicrobials including the fluoroquinolones. The spread of such Salmonella strains is hazardous and should be controlled.
Resistance to nalidixic acid (35%) and decreased susceptibility to fluoroquinolones (15%) of the isolates in the present study were even higher than in other Asian countries , . Resistance to relatively new antimicrobials like norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin was found only among the human Salmonella isolates. This is of particular concern because ciprofloxacin is the drug of choice for the treatment of invasive human Salmonella infections. Mutations leading to substitutions at amino acid 83 and 87 of the QRDR may be in part responsible for the high level of resistance to fluoroquinolones (MIC norfloxacin = 32–64 µg/ml) among the 3 MDR resistant Salmonella Typhimurium isolates. These mutations lead to the substitution of Ser for Phe and Asp for Asn, at positions 83 and 87, respectively. This is the first report on mutations in two codons in gyrA of Vietnamese Salmonellae. Similar mutations have been found in S. Cholerasuis isolated from pigs in Taiwan . It is important to note that the acquisition of fluoroquinolone resistance in Salmonella requires the stepwise accumulation of gyrA mutations or the overexpression of efflux pumps . A single mutation in gyrA of Salmonella can be sufficient to cause high-level resistance to nalidixic acid but additional mutations are required to attain high-levels of resistance to fluoroquinolones . Mutations in two codons are rarely found among field isolates of Salmonella while mutations at either Ser83 and or Asp87 are very commonly observed . Resistance to antimicrobials in human Salmonella isolates can be the result of antibiotic misuse in human medicine: in Vietnam patients can easily buy antimicrobial drugs in any pharmacy without a prescription and stop treatment at any time. In addition, abuse of antibiotics in veterinary practice may have an important influence on selection of fluoroquinolone-resistant Salmonella isolates.
Unlike plasmid-mediated resistance, which may disappear in the absence of selective pressure, chromosomally mediated resistance is often maintained. Many MDR Salmonella isolates in this study contained SGI1 or one of its variants. This study documents the presence of a class 1 integron and SGI1-C in serovar Tallahassee. Thus worldwide, class 1 integrons and SGI1 are more and more recognized as significant determinants of multiple drug resistance in an increasing number of Salmonella serovars.
S. Emek is one of the dominant serovars found in poultry in Vietnam . An important finding of our study was SGI1-J3 in a S. Emek isolate. This SGI1 has previously been described for S. Virchow and is integrated into SGI gene S023 instead of at the usual position between genes S027–S044 . To the best of our knowledge, this is the second report on the insertion of a SGI1 at this position, however here it is in a different Salmonella serovar. SGI-J3 is closely related to SGI-J2 which was described for S. Emek isolates, the main difference being the presence of a large part of the tni module of Tn5058 in SGI-J3 , . Levings et al.  chose to rename SGI1-J as SGI2, but we adhere to the nomenclature of Doublet et al . Whether the tni module of Tn5058 was acquired by SGI1-J3 or lost by SGI-J2 is a matter of speculation, but the S. Emek described in this study may form a missing link. Its integron is identical to that of S. Virchow, whereas SGI1-J2 is present in the same serovar, but lacks the tni module.
In the present study, SGI1 was detected as circular extrachromosomal DNA in S. Typhimurium DT104 isolates but not in other SGI1 carrying serovars. This suggests that S. Typhimurium DT104 may play a key role in the spread of SGI1 among Salmonella serovars because the extrachromosomal circular intermediate of SGI1 can be transferred in the presence of a helper plasmid providing the mating apparatus as described previously .
In summary, high rates of multidrug resistance and of the presence of integrons found among the Salmonella isolates in this study suggests that legislation to enforce a more prudent use of antibiotics in both human and veterinary medicine should be implemented by the authorities in Vietnam. The association of antimicrobial resistance determinants with transferable elements may promote the rapid dissemination of antibiotic resistance among Enterobacteriaceae. The diversity of transferable and novel multiresistance determinants observed in Salmonella serovars indicates that international co-operation is needed in order to limit the emergence and the spread of MDR Salmonella isolates, especially in the context of increased international travel and trade in food products of animal origin.
A total of 297 epidemiologically unrelated isolates from Vietnam was investigated. The isolates originated from humans (n = 56), cattle (n = 63), pigs (n = 111), and poultry (n = 67). All animal isolates were collected during the year 2004. The animal isolates were cultured from faeces, carcasses and meat. Faecal samples from healthy animals were taken at slaughterhouses (78%) and from healthy or sick animals on farms (12%) as previously described . The animal samples came from different flocks or herds. If more than one sample from a slaughterhouse, farm, market or supermarket was Salmonella positive, only one isolate was randomly chosen and included in this study. The 56 clinical human isolates of unrelated patients with diarrhoea and fever were obtained from five provincial hospitals and two Pasteur Institutes in Vietnam. These isolates had been isolated during the year 2004. The methods used for the isolation and identification of the isolates have been described . The isolates included in the present study belonged to 38 serovars of Salmonella. S. Typhimurium, S. Anatum, S. Weltevreden, S. Emek and S. Rissen were the most prevalent serovars. S. Typhimurium phage type 90 (in the Dutch phage typing system), which has no recognized phage type in the English phage typing system, was predominant among the S. Typhimurium isolates .
The antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates was determined according to the guidelines of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) . Agar diffusion assays were performed on Muller-Hinton agar and with disks containing 15 different antimicrobial agents (Oxoid, UK). The antimicrobials tested (Table 1) were ampicillin 10 µg (A), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid 30/15 µg (Ac), cefalothin 30 µg (Ce), ceftazidime 30 µg (Cf), chloramphenicol 30 µg (C), ciprofloxacin 5 µg (Ci), colistin 10 µg (Co), gentamicin 10 µg (G), kanamycin 30 µg (K), nalidixic acid 30 µg (Na), norfloxacin 10 µg (No), streptomycin 10 µg (S), tetracycline 30 µg (T), trimethoprim 5 µg (Tp), and sulphonamides 300 µg (Su). The interpretive categories susceptible, intermediate or resistant were used according to the CLSI guidelines  except for colistin where the zone criteria of ≤11 (resistant) and ≥14mm (susceptible) were used . Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and E. coli ATCC 35218 were used as quality control organisms.
All isolates were tested for the presence of class 1 integrons. The presence of integrons was determined by PCR amplification of the class 1 integrase specific int1 gene . Template DNA was obtained by the whole cell boiled lysate method . Integron gene cassettes were detected by PCR using the 5′-CS and 3′-CS primer set . CS-PCR products were separated in 0.7% agarose gels for at least 3 hours at 100 V and visualized under UV-light after staining with ethidium bromide. Since the 3′-CS fragment of class 1 integrons is not always as conserved as its name indicates , an integrase-positive isolate does not always yield an amplicon in the CS-PCR. If this was the case, an integrase-inverted PCR was used to characterise the gene cassettes.
Briefly, 1 µg of genomic DNA of the isolate was cleaved with the restriction endonuclease SphI. The fragments were ligated and subjected to PCR using int-OUT and CS-F primers. Since the smallest size for a gene cassette inserted into an integron is about 400 bp only fragments larger than 500 bp generated from the inverted PCR were sequenced.
CS-PCR products with the same size were purified using the QiaQuick PCR purification kit (Qiagen, Germany) and analysed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). The amplicons were digested with at least two different restriction endonucleases and the order and arrangement of the gene cassettes was considered identical if they showed the same RFLP patterns. The restriction endonucleases used were HpaII, HincII, BclI, NciI, and EcoRI.
One representative of each RFLP type was randomly chosen for nucleotide sequencing. For isolates with a unique integron, purified CS-PCR products were cloned in the pGEM-T easy Vector (Promega, USA). Colonies carrying the inserted fragment were picked from Luria Bertani plates containing ampicillin (100 µg/ml), 40 µl (100 mM) IPTG and 40 µl (2%) X-Gal. The inserted fragments were obtained by PCR, using T7 and SP6 primers under the same conditions as for the CS-PCR. The amplification products were purified and sequenced. The T7 and SP6 primers were used for sequencing both ends of the different amplicons under study. In addition, for the 2000 bp amplicon obtained by CS-PCR, an internal primer was used to continue the sequencing until the resistance genes in each amplicon were identified. For isolates carrying two integrons which only differed about 50 bp in size, CS-PCR products were also cloned in the pGEM-T easy Vector. The two plasmids with different inserts were selected based on restriction enzyme (EcoRI or HpaII) analysis and used for sequencing. Dideoxy sequencing was performed on an ABI 3730 Sequencer. DNA sequences were analysed with the Clone Manager Suite and by consulting the GenBank database via the BLAST network service. The nucleotide sequences of the gene cassettes have been deposited in the GenBank database under the accession numbers shown in Table 2.
A conjugation experiment was performed as described  to determine whether the integrons of the Salmonella isolates were on conjugative DNA elements and resistance determinants could be transferred to another Salmonella serovar or to another bacterial species (E. coli). Rifampicin-resistant (RifR) and sulfamethoxazole-susceptible (SulS) E. coli K12 was used as recipient. All 83 integron carrying Salmonella isolates were used as donor strains. In addition, a plasmid-free susceptible S. Enteritidis isolate, which was made resistant to rifampicin, was also used as recipient. In this second conjugation experiment, only Salmonella isolates which could transfer their resistance determinants to E. coli in the first conjugation experiment were used as donors. Both donor (int-positive sulfamethoxazole-resistant Salmonella isolates) and acceptor bacteria were cultured in LB broth until an OD660 = 0.5–0.6 was reached. The mating process in which donor (sulfamethoxazole-resistant isolates) and recipient were present in a 1∶9 ratio (v/v) was performed in LB broth. Incubation took place overnight in a water-bath at 37°C. Transconjugants were selected by plating 50 µl of the mating culture on MacConkey (Oxoid, UK) agar plates containing both rifampicin (50 µg/ml) and sulfamethoxazole (512 µg/ml). Colonies were selected based on their resistance to both antimicrobials and purified by subculture on MacConkey agar containing antibiotics and then nutrient agar (NA, Oxoid, UK) without antibiotics. The transconjugants were tested for their biochemical characteristics, using the API 20E system (bioMérieux, France) and the Salmonella transconjugants were serotyped using antisera (Staten Serum Institute, Denmark) against antigens of S. Enteritidis. The transconjugants were tested as described above for their susceptibility patterns and the presence of class 1 integrons.
Integron-positive isolates (n = 12) from various Salmonella serovars were selected for analysis of the presence of SGI1 on the basis of their integron profiles and antibiotic resistance patterns. First, the isolates were examined for the presence of the left and right junction of SGI1 by PCR. Then the order of the antibiotic resistance gene cluster was tested as described . Template DNA was prepared using the High Pure PCR Preparation Kit (Roche, Germany). The primers used for amplification of the left and right junctions of SGI1 and the linking sequences in the antibiotic resistance gene cluster were previously described , . Primers 5′-AATTATCTCGTTCTGCATCC-3′ and 5′-CTCTGTTGTCGCAAGAAATG-3′ were used to demonstrate integration into SGI1 gene S023. The PCRs were carried out in a total volume of 25 µl volumes containing 2.5 µl of 10× PCR buffer (HT Biotechnology, England), 0.5 µl 10× deoxynucleotide triphosphate mix (2mM each), 50 pmol of each primer, 1.25 U Taq DNA polymerase, and 1 µl of template DNA. To amplify fragments larger than 3.5 kb, Taq Plus polymerase was used instead of Taq DNA polymerase (HT Biotechnology, England). Thermal cycling conditions consisted of a hot start cycle of 94°C for 3 min, followed by 35 cycles with: 1 min at 94°C, 1 min at 50 to 65°C (depending on the primers), 1 to 5 min at 72°C (depending on the expected amplicon size) and a final step at 72°C for 10 min. The expected sizes of the PCR products were based on nucleotide sequences present in GenBank under accession number AF261825. S. Typhimurium N216 carrying SGI1 and S. Albany N107 containing SGI1-F  were included as positive controls. Amplification products of S. Emek V14 generated by PCR mapping were partially sequenced (Baseclear, The Netherlands).
From isolates harbouring SGI1 or its variant types, 8 representative isolates carrying SGI1 or one of its variants were randomly chosen and examined for the presence of the circular extrachromosomal form of SGI1 by PCR (SGIc-PCR). The PCR was performed using primers oriented towards the left and right chromosomal SGI1 junctions and plasmid DNA extracted with the Qiagen plasmid midi kit (Qiagen, Germany) as template DNA . The obtained PCR product was subsequently sequenced.
Three fluoroquinolone (norfloxacin/ciprofloxacin)-resistant Salmonella Typhimurium isolates (V57, V58 and V60) were further studied with respect to the resistance mechanism involved. A PCR described by Paauw et al  was used to investigate whether the class 1 integron-associated- qnrA gene cassette was present. A qnr-carrying Enterobacter cloacae strain  was used as positive control. Since a mutation in the target enzyme for fluoroquinolones, GyrA, is regularly found in Salmonellae , , , , the 3 fluoroquinolone-resistant isolates were subjected to allele-specific PCR and RFLP analysis (AS-PCR-RFLP) as described  to detect mutations related to quinolone resistance in codons 81, 83 and 87 of the gyrA gene. The gyrA mutations were confirmed by nucleotide sequencing of the products generated by PCR using GyrA-F and GyrA-R as primers .
We thank Hans Mittenburg of AST Farma B.V. for kindly providing clavulanic acid, and AnneMarie Verel (Eijkman-Winkler Institute) for technical assistance with MIC determination.
Conceived and designed the experiments: EvD WG. Performed the experiments: AV ACF. Analyzed the data: AV WG ACF. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: AV. Wrote the paper: AV EvD WG ACF.
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27. O'Mahony R, Saugy M, Leonard N, Drudy D, Bradshaw B, et al. (2005) Antimicrobial resistance in isolates of Salmonella spp. from pigs and the characterization of an S. Infantis gene cassette. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2: 274–281.
28. Weill FX, Guesnier F, Guibert V, Timinouni M, Demartin M, et al. (2006) Multidrug resistance in Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium from humans in France (1993 to 2003). J Clin Microbiol 44: 700–708.
29. Zhao S, Fedorka-Cray PJ, Friedman S, McDermott PF, Walker RD, et al. (2005) Characterization of Salmonella Typhimurium of animal origin obtained from the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2: 169–181.
30. Vo ATT, van Duijkeren E, Fluit AC, Heck MEOC, Verbruggen A, et al. (2006) Distribution of Salmonella enterica serovars from humans, livestock and meat in Vietnam and the dominance of Salmonella Typhimurium phage type 90. Vet Microbiol 113: 153–158.
31. Abouzeed YM, Baucheron S, Cloeckaert A (2008) ramR mutations involved in efflux-mediated multidrug resistance in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 52: 2428–2434.
32. Ruiz J, Castro D, Goni P, Santamaria JA, Borrego JJ (1997) et al. Analysis of the mechanism of quinolone resistance in nalidixic acid-resistant clinical isolates of Salmonella serotype Typhimurium. J Med Microbiol 46: 623–628.
33. Hopkins KL, Davies RH, Threlfall EJ (2005) Mechanisms of quinolone resistance in Escherichia coli and Salmonella: recent developments. Int J Antimicrob Agents 25: 358–373.
34. Guinee PA, van Leeuwen WJ, Pruys D (1974) Phage typing of S. Typhimurium in The Netherlands. 1. The phage typing system. Zentralbl Bakteriol 226: 194–200.
35. National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (2001) Performance standards for antimicrobial disk and dilution susceptibility tests. M31-A2- Approved standard, 2nd ed. NCCLS, Wayne, PA, USA.
36. CLSI (2004) M100 S14. Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing; fourteenth informational supplement.
37. Gales AC, Reis AO, Jones RN (2001) Contemporary assessment of antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods for polymyxin B and colistin: review of available interpretative criteria and quality control guidelines. J Clin Microbiol 39: 183–190.
38. Leverstein-Van Hall MA, Paauw A, Box ATA, Blok HEM, Verhoef J, et al. (2002) Presence of integron-associated resistance in the community is widespread and contributes to multidrug resistance in the hospital. J Clin Microbiol 40: 3038–3040.
39. Levesque C, Piche L, Larose C, Roy PH (1995) PCR mapping of integrons reveals several novel combinations of resistance genes. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 39: 185–191.
40. Hall RM, Brown HJ, Brookes DE, Stokes HW (1994) Integrons found in different locations have identical 5′ ends but variable 3′ ends. J Bacteriol 176: 6286–6294.
41. Leverstein-van Hall MA, Box ATA, Blok HEM, Paauw A, Fluit AC, et al. (2002) Evidence of extensive interspecies transfer of integron-mediated antimicrobial resistance genes among multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in a clinical setting. J Infect Dis 186: 49–56.
42. Paauw A, Fluit AC, Verhoef J, Leverstein-van Hall MA (2006) Enterobacter cloacae outbreak and emergence of quinolone resistance gene in Dutch hospital. Emerg Infect Dis 12: 807–812.
43. Giraud E, Brisabois A, Martel JL, Chaslus-Dancla E (1999) Comparative studies of mutations in animal isolates and experimental in vitro- and in vivo-selected mutants of Salmonella spp. suggest a counterselection of highly fluoroquinolone-resistant strains in the field. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 43: 2131–2137.
44. Hooper DC (1999) Mechanisms of fluoroquinolone resistance. Drug Resist Updat 2: 38–55.
45. Miko A, Pries K, Schroeter A, Helmeth R (2005) Molecular mechanisms of resistance in multidrug-resistant serovars of Salmonella enterica isolated from foods in Germany. J Antimicrob Chemother 56: 1025–1033.


text:
Air pollution worsens corona, need to keep it low post-lockdown
New Delhi, April 29 2020 - The air pollution has plummeted over many parts of India during nationwide lockdown, but the real challenge will begin after the lockdown, which is likely to end on May 3, when vehicular mobility is reinstated and factories are back in operation. Experts say after lockdown, steps have to be taken to curb air pollution, which also include dust, as high pollution levels would make people vulnerable to coronavirus infection, which manifests itself in the respiratory tract.
Speaking to IANS, doctor Arvind Kumar, Founder and Managing Trustee Lung Care Foundation said if the lockdown had not happened and the pollution levels have not dipped, going by the north Italy experience, the coronavirus would have spread faster.
"Every effort should be made to keep the pollution level low, which also includes dust pollution. High pollution level will contribute towards faster spread of the virus", said Kumar. A study was conducted on the air quality in Italy's northern provinces -- Lombardy and Emilia Romagna -- which found a connection between Covid-19 mortality rates and high levels of pollution.
Kumar, presently Chairman Centre for Chest Surgery and Director, Institute of Robotic Surgery, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital said, "The evidence we have is pretty clear that people, who live in places that are more polluted, over time they are more vulnerable to coronavirus."
According to data compiled by IQAir AirVisual's 2019 World Air Quality Report, 21 of the world's 30 cities with the worst air pollution are in India, with six in the top ten. In the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP), the air pollution is worsened by geographical and other factors, highest population density area coupled with industrial clusters. According to the WHO outdoor air pollution kills 4.2 million people across the globe each year.
Manoj Goel, Director Pulmonology, Fortis Memorial Research Institute, said that due to air pollution, patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and asthma can have uncontrolled symptoms, and this group of people can have severe complications due to coronavirus. "Historically pollution levels have been high. We need to keep pollution levels low to contain the spread of coronavirus," added Goel.
A study at the Harvard University T.H. Chan School of Public Health found that even small increases in fine particulate matter, PM2.5, have had a big effect in the US. The study said that an increase of just one microgram per cubic metre corresponded to a 15 per cent increase in COVID-19 deaths.
Summer is mostly hot and humid in many parts of the country, if pollution levels are high after the lockdown, then it will further worsen the coronavirus situation in the country. "In humid conditions the chances of survival of coronavirus is high", said Goel.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: Qt : how to action_triggered then use QMouseEvent? I'd like to do something like this, even though I understand this is not how it works. I'm not really good with QMouseEvent,
void MainWindow::on_addState_triggered(QMouseEvent* event)
{
    qDebug() << event->pos();

    if (event->buttons() == Qt::LeftButton)
    {
      newBoard.drawState(event->x(),event->y());
    }

}

So I want to click on the button addState in my interface (made with the Designer Mode, ui file) then on the second click on my scene it calls drawState() with the mouse (on click) position.
How I'm I supposed to do this ?
Right now the code compile but while running I get this error
QMetaObject::connectSlotsByName: No matching signal for on_addState_triggered(QMouseEvent*)

A: Alright, the way I imagine I can do it is a little bit ugly but it "works".
Maybe there is a cleaner way to do the following :
    void MainWindow::on_addState_triggered()
    {

          drawAddState=true;

    }

  void MainWindow::mousePressEvent(QMouseEvent *event)
    {
        if(drawAddState==true)
        {
            if (event->button() == Qt::LeftButton) {
                newBoard.drawState(event->localPos().x(),event->localPos().y());
                drawAddState=false;
            }
        }

    }

Unfortunately the event->localPos(), pos() or even GlobalPos is not relative to my GraphicsScene, I can't place the state item exactly where I click. Any idea on this ?
Update : I replied myself here : https://stackoverflow.com/a/62278962/13621190

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: Why is this .NET IL null check not working as expected? I'm writing some custom IL and need something equivalent to return SomeStaticField != null;. This was my natural conclusion:
volatile.ldsfld ...SomeStaticField //volatile is needed here for unrelated reasons
ldnull
ceq
not
ret

However, this doesn't seem to work. I confirmed that SomeStaticField is null, but yet this function will end up returning true. I know C# uses branches for such a construct, and I could use it too, but it baffles me as to why this wouldn't have the expected behavior
A complete and verifiable example (as a library):
.assembly extern /*23000001*/ mscorlib
{
  .publickeytoken = (B7 7A 5C 56 19 34 E0 89 )                         // .z\V.4..
  .ver 4:0:0:0
}
.assembly 'BareMetal'
{
  .custom instance void class [mscorlib]System.Runtime.CompilerServices.RuntimeCompatibilityAttribute::'.ctor'() =  (
                01 00 01 00 54 02 16 57 72 61 70 4E 6F 6E 45 78   // ....T..WrapNonEx
                63 65 70 74 69 6F 6E 54 68 72 6F 77 73 01       ) // ceptionThrows.

  .hash algorithm 0x00008004
  .ver  1:0:0:0
}
.module BareMetal.dll

.namespace Earlz.BareMetal
{
  .class public auto ansi abstract sealed beforefieldinit BareMetal
        extends [mscorlib]System.Object
  {
    .method public static hidebysig
           default bool FooTest ()  cil managed
    {
        .maxstack 2
        ldnull
        ldnull
        ceq
        not
        ret
    }

  }
}

A: not computes the bitwise complement of its operand: ~1 is -2, which, being non-zero, is true. The canonical way of negating a boolean is ldc.i4.0 ; ceq.
And, as @HansPassant pointed out, the canonical way of doing a != null comparison directly is cgt.un -- all valid references are "greater than zero" when interpreted as unsigned values. That such comparisons are safe is explicitly documented in ECMA-335, section I.12.1.5:

In particular, object references can be:
...

*Created as a null reference (ldnull)

  ...
Managed pointers have several additional base operations.
...

*Unsigned comparison and conditional branches based on two managed pointers (bge.un, bge.un.s, bgt.un, bgt.un.s, ble.un,
  ble.un.s, blt.un, blt.un.s, cgt.un, clt.un).


Waterville, ME : Thorndike Press, 2002.
Accelerated Reader AR MG 4.6 4.0 10248.
Practical jokes -- Juvenile fiction.
Phyllis Reynolds Naylor was born in Anderson, Indiana on January 4, 1933. She received a bachelor's degree from American University in 1963. Her first children's book, The Galloping Goat and Other Stories, was published in 1965. She has written more than 135 children and young adult books including Witch's Sister, The Witch Returns, The Bodies in the Bessledorf Hotel, A String of Chances, The Keeper, Walker's Crossing, Bernie Magruder and the Bats in the Belfry, Please Do Feed the Bears, and The Agony of Alice, which was the first book in the Alice series. She has received several awards including the Edgar Allan Poe Award for Night Cry and the Newberry Award for Shiloh.


The Faculty of Governance and Global Affairs of Leiden University in The Hague has developed Serious Games to introduce high school students to its education and researchfield.
In a fun and easy way high school students are introduced into the complexity of societal problems as they are educated and researched at the faculty. The Serious Games provide insight in actors involved with societal problems and the, at times difficult, interactions between and within these actors. The students get to know different interests, decision-making based on these interests and consequences of decisions for and in the role of one of the actors.
Serious Games can be sent to interested schools. Only for high schools the games are free. For other interested parties a contribution of 20 euros is asked. The Serious Games are in Dutch.
High schools also have the opportunity to play a Serious Game at the faculty. With such a visit high school students first follow a lecture about the subject of one of the games and afterwards play the serious game led by students of the faculty.
In Het Grote Migratiespel, translated The Big Migrationgame, students are challenged to get into the character of one of the actors involved with a wave of refugees from Africa to Europe. The students have to make decisions concerning the migrants with the ultimate aim to determine how many migrants eventualy will reach Europe. The game can be played in one to two hours.
Het Grote Migratiespel is developed to represent the cases studied by the bachelor Public Administration that is educated at the Faculty of Governance and Global Affairs. By playing the game, students get to know the complexity of societal problems such as waves of refugees.
A class with students is divided in five groups and they are given the role of one of the following actors: the European Union, the Government of Nigeria, the Government of Libya, the United Nations and the Smugglers. The actors are confronted with a group of 150 Nigerians that is willing to start the journey to Europe; heaven on earth. In four rounds, the five actors have to make decisions that can influence the wave of refugees. The actors are presented different choices concerning the migrants in Nigeria, the Sahara, the Mediterranean and eventually on the border of the European Union.
In every round the students are given three options on 'action cards'. With group members, the students need to make an informed choice for one of the three options. After the discussion within the groups the chosen actions and consequences of these actions are discussed in class. Every chosen action influences the number of migrants travelling: the number can go up or down. After every round the supervisor reports the score: how many migrants are travelling to Europe?
The goal of the game is the number of migrants that reaches Europe. How many students this will be depends on the choices of the different actors. Whether this final number is 'good' or 'wrong' is up to the perception of the students.
After the game a scientific reflection can take place. In this part of the game the students are asked to reflect on the societal problem of migration. Different statements concerning migration can be discussed.
In Het Schipholspel, translated The Schipholgame, students are presented different security issues of Schiphol. Students need to decide how to react to these security issues. Collaboration is very important, because it is impossible to solve the security issues alone. During the game the students have to make a trade-off between what risk is acceptable and which resources are proportional to reduce the risk. The game can be played in one to two hours.
Het Schipholspel is developed to represent the cases studied by the bachelor Security Studies that is educated at the Faculty of Governance and Global Affairs. By playing the game, students get to know the complexity of security issues.
Today, it is Schiphol's busiest day of the year! For Schiphol it is very important that this day runs smoothly. If problems arise, thousands of passengers will suffer. The students are therefore divided into teams. The teams are responsible for their area in case an emergency occurs. It is important that the safety of all passengers is guaranteed. To do this, the teams must communicate with each other to avoid misunderstandings. However, there is more! A safety report on Schiphol was presented a few days ago. The report notes that there are a number of major structural problems at Schiphol that undermine the long-term safety of the airport. The students have to write a plan of action for one of the structural problems that occur at Schiphol. Today a press conference has been scheduled. The journalists would like to hear more about the future safety of Schiphol.
After this hectic round, the students have to analyze safety risks. They do this both individually and in teams. Attention is paid to assessing and dealing with safety risks.
You can order Het Grote Migratiespel or Het Schipholspel by filling in the application form.
High school students truly get to know the Faculty of Governance and Global Affairs and its education and research when they have visited the faculty. High schools are able to play a Serious Game at the faculty in The Hague. With such a visit, high school students are lectured about the subject of the Serious Game by one of our researchers or educators. After the lecture, the high school students play the Serious Game led by one of our students. This way, students learn about the subject of the Serious Game, the faculty, bachelors of the faculty and what it is like to be a student.
Due to the amount of interest and limited availability, visits are only open for fourth, fifth and sixth classes of VWO. There is a minimum of 25 students and maximum of 250 students for one visit and the visits are not charged.
Visit us! Application form for playing a Serious Game at the faculty in The Hague.
Questions? Contact the communication and marketing department.


So many times we walk around in this world allowing our energy to run a muck.
We forget that when we send out certain types of energy we attract certain types back to us. You've heard the old saying misery loves company? Well if you walk around the world miserable eventually you'll find someone to join in your misery and soon all that you'll have around you is negativity.
Ever had a day (week, month or year) that just seemed to be filled with issue after issue? One "bad" thing after another happening to you? Check your energy. What are you putting out there? Are you a gloomy Gus? Are you a negative Nancy? Yeah I said that.
The great thing at this point is that you see that pattern. You can recognize that you need to take control of the space you're in and the energy you bring into that space. Learning some simple techniques you'll be able to remove that negativity and bring back some prosperity into your world.
Here is a really good info video on Smudging.
If you really want to get an in-depth course. Head over to Tree of Life Apothecary's Etsy shop and pick up Sage Advice. I highly recommend it.
The main way to get yourself together and JUST DO IT.
All joking aside, I see so many magical people sitting back and letting the world happen to them. You have to take control of the situation and take steps to improve or direct your energy to the correct avenue. If you want to learn a new spell, pick up a book and dedicate some time to learning it. If you want to stop those nasty little accidents from occurring around your house, take a few minutes and cleanse your space. You control this space. You can "allow" it to continue to ruled by negativity or you can "allow" positive, prosperous and happy energy to live there. It is all up to you.
Sing and dance with me ya'll.


Bob Purcell (Chief Threadologist of Superior Threads) discusses Nylon threads and why it is a bad fiber for thread. Nylon brittle's over time, will discolor, and has a low heat tolerance. The only reason Nylon should exist in a thread stash is to melt. Charlotte's Fusible Web is a nylon thread which melts when pressed with an iron. This process is advantageous for any applique work. Using Charlotte's Fusible Web instead of a fusible webbing will leave the project free of stiffness. When used with MonoPoly (polyester monofilament thread), appliqueing becomes second nature.


• Sell company products to current and potential clients.
• Installation & post sales product support.
• Prepare action plans, status reports and sales targets.
• Co-ordinate with company staff to accomplish the work required to close sales.
• Establish and maintain current client and potential client relationship.
• Prepare presentations, budgetary proposals and quotations.
• Coordinate shipping schedules and delivery of orders.
• Participate in marketing events – sales meets, seminars and trade shows.


text:
Plit är ett blankvapen, en kort värja, framför allt avsedd för hugg i motsats till den långa värjan som främst är ett stickvapen.

Denna typ av vapen bars bland annat av poliser och fångvaktare, och därför blev plit även en skämtsam eller nedsättande benämning på personer inom dessa yrken. Även soldater kunde bära plit, men personer i militära yrken kallades inte plitar. Ordet plit har sedan levt kvar som benämning/skällsord på poliser och kriminalvårdare, trots att värjorna för länge sedan avskaffats.

Svärd
Kriminalvård
Yrken
Polisväsendet i Sverige

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Forest Products Journal. 50(4): 21-24.
U.S. Dept. Agric., Forest Service, Special Report EM-7100-11, Washington, D.C. 29 p.
Resour. Bull. NE-157. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station. 119 p.
Selected 1966-69 interior Alaska wildfire statistics with long-term comparisons.
This paper presents selected interior Alaska forest and range wildfire statistics for the period 1966-69. Comparisons are made with the decade 1956-65 and the 30-year period 1940-69, which are essentially the total recorded statistical history on wildfires available for Alaska.
Statistics & probability letters. Vol. 41, no. 3 (Feb. 1999). :p. 247-254.
Resour. Bull. NE-65. Broomall, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station. 88 p.


text:
NEPLYCH
Nepali Songs
Songs Lyrics and Chords
Filmy Update
Sajjan Raj Vaidya Biography, Music, Girlfriend, Age, Height, Education, Family
Post category:Biography / Sajjan Raj Vaidya
Sajjan Raj Vaidya Biography (Who is Sajjan Raj Vaidya?)
Sajjan Raj Vaidya is a Nepali young and talented singer, songwriter, guitarist, composer, and producer. Currently, he lives in New York, US. He started his musical journey as a cover singer, he had done many cover songs that are upload on his official youtube channel.
Now, he has more than 370 thousand subscribers on his youtube channel and thousands of followers on social networks. This is all due to his unique singing style, unique voice, and hard work.
Sajjan began publishing his songs through YouTube and SoundCloud. He released his first original, 'Aaja Matra', in 2014. His first major production was the original 'Hawaijahaj', in 2016, which was accompanied by a music video produced by the Kathmandu-based Fuzz Factory Productions.
Sajjan Raj Vaidya
Nepali सज्जन राज वैद्य
Date of Birth 23 March 1994
Birthplace Kathmandu, Nepal
Current Residence New York, USA
Height 5 Feet 8 Inches
Nationality Nepali
School Aadarsha Vidhya Mandir, Man Bhaban Lalitpur
Family Member Father, Mother & Brother
Spouse Arogya Khadka
Brother Sushen Raj Vaidhya
Sister in Law Shrita Vaidhya
Profession Singer, Song Writer, Guitarist
Genres Acoustic, Pop music, Indie, Electronic
Debut Song Aaja Matra in 2014
Favorite Food Buff Chilli, MoMo
Favorite Football Club Arsenal Football Club
Inspiration and Favorite Singer John Mayer, Ed Shreen, Damien Rice
Nepali Favorite Singer/Band Sabin Rai
Favorite Songs Gravity (John Mayer), Can't Help Falling In Love (Elvis Presley)
Notable Songs Chitthi Bhiitra and Hawaijahaj
Hobbies Drawing, Travelling & Reading Books
Sajjan Raj Vaidya was born and raised in Kathmandu, Nepal. He has schooling from Aadarsha Vidhya Mandir, Man Bhaban Lalitpur.
He was introduced to music by his family and friends. His family belonged to the musical background and most of the time they spend on sing a song and listen to different types of music.
His father, mother, and brother always taught him what he had learned. Most of his father listened to English songs such as Can't Help Falling In Love – Elvis Presley, Eagle – Take It Easy, Hotel California, and her mother listened to Nepali songs such as Aruna Lama songs and so on.
That helps him to learn different types of genres like his father used to teach rock and pop and his mother used to teach classical and Nepali folk.
Vaidya's started performing live during his school days and later began publishing his work through Facebook. He has done so many covers songs. Some hit cover songs are "Hello" by Adele "Stay with Me"by Sam Smith, "One" by Ed Sheeran, and "Cherry Wine" by Hozier.
After that, he started to write a song and sing his own way. Surprisingly, he has not taken any music classes and you know what most of his songs become popular in the Nepalese music industry.
Vaidya is very much popular in today's Nepali music industry. He is providing a different taste of music in Nepal. Some of the hit numbers of Vaidya are Hawaijahaj, Chitti Bhitra, Mooskaan, Anauthyo Mutu, etc. Most of his songs are melodious and touchy.
Sajjan Raj Vaidya Career in Music
Sajjan Raj Vaidya's first major release was "Aaja Matra" (2014). And after a few years back he releases his single, "Hawaijahaj" (2016). The music video for the song was produced by Fuzz Factory Productions.
The song became very popular in the Nepali music industry. All Nepali music lovers started listening to his songs and following him on various social platforms.
Then he released back to back hit songs Mayaloo (2017), Chitthi Bhittar (2018), and "Anountho Mutu" (2018), "Mooskaan" (2018). Besides these Chitthi Bhittra is one of his notable songs and the song is most viewed on his youtube channel which is cross 23 million-plus views.
On 1 January 2019, Sajjan released a single titled "Hataarindai, Bataasindai". The screenplay features a straight couple and a gay couple, and the video depicts a gay couple kissing.
And recently he releases another video Pahaar (Just Another Love Story), the screenplay features a lesbian couple, and the video depicts a lesbian couple kissing which is uncommon in Nepali media. Vaidya is one of the very few Nepali artists to represent the LGBTQ community through the video's release.
Sajjan Raj Vaidya started "KATHA" in 2018. Katha is a video series that delivers the stories behind songs beyond the song-writing. The series debuted in the artist's YouTube channel. The video series features a live, acoustic rendition of a song published by the artist or other artists, and also includes a section discussing the origin and the composition process of the song.
Katha Episode 1: Nothing In My Head Besides Timi
Katha Episode 2: Mellow
Katha Episode 3: Marijau (featuring Bikki Gurung)
"Aaja Matra" (2014)
"Hawaijahaj" (2016)
"Mayaloo" (2017)
"Chitthi Bhitra" (2018)
"Anountho Mutu" (2014, re-release: 2018)
"Mooskaan" (2014, re-release: 2018)
"Nothing In My Head Besides Timi" (2018)
"Hataarindai, Bataasindai" (2019)
"Mellow" (2018)
"Pahaar" (2019)
"Kurakaani" (2019)
"Somebody Else" (2020)
"Sukumbasi" (2020)
"'BLYHL" (Baraali Lagyo Yo Hawaa Le) (2020)
Sajjan Raj Vaidya Girlfriend
Most of the people don't know Sajjan Raj Vaidya is married. He is married to Arogya Khadka. His wife is an artist manager at team Sajjan Raj Vaidya.
Setting things right. @iamnovoamor observed the right way with the right crowd. #Novo #Amor #live #concert #memories #2018 @arogie
A post shared by Sajjan Raj Vaidya (@sajjanrajvaidya) on Dec 6, 2018 at 9:46pm PST
Sajjan Raj Vaidya Future Plan
Sajjan Raj Vaidya says music is not his profession, it's a passion. But he will not give up music until the end of his life.
He says there will be more and batter songs in the future. And also collaborate with other Nepali singers. We wish you all the best for your upcoming songs and for a better future.
Sajjan Raj Vaidya Social Network
Sajja Chaulagain Biography, Boyfriend, Age, Music, Height, Education, Family
Mongolian Heart Biography (Raju Lama) | Nepali Band Biography
Trishala Gurung | Biography, Boyfriend, Age, Height,Family, Music, Video
Herirahu Jasto Lyrics – Buddha Lama | Mamta Gurung
Aankha Ma Aaune Sapani Lyrics – Ekdev Limbu
Chhodda Kasaile Saath Lyrics – Sahil Zamir Ali
Pyaro Manche Lyrics – Sahil Zamir Ali
Yaad Lyrics – Sahil Zamir Ali
Submit Songs Lyrics
Get all latest content, updates and news about all categories will send to you.
© Copyright 2020 - NEPLYCH.COM


text:
Brisbane City to throw ticker..
Brisbane City to throw ticker tape parade for our heroic firefighters
Adrian Schrinnerbushfires
The City of Brisbane will host a special parade for Queenslanders who've assisted in the bushfire crisis.
Around 700 firefighters, volunteers, service personnel and wildlife carers have been tackling fires across parts of Queensland and down in New South Wales since September last year.
Brisbane Lord Mayor Adrian Schrinner tells Mark Levy the ticker tape parade will provide an opportunity to thank them for their courageous efforts.
"There are so many different ways that we can help and support.
"Giving donations, that's one of them, but also saying thank you to the individuals in person, acknowledging them and giving them this formal recognition through the city is important."
A date for the parade is yet to be locked in, but it will be held within a matter of weeks.
Mark Levy has called on Sydney Lord Mayor Clover Moore to do the same for New South Wales firefighters.
Her office has responded with the following statement, saying it is the responsibility of the Department of Premier and Cabinet.
"Normally events of this nature in Sydney are organised by Dept of Premier and Cabinet – I'd suggest approaching them.
If something was planned, the City would follow the lead of DPC.
Also, by way of background, the City has raised over $13m for bushfire relief, contributed $620,000 to bushfire recovery, is offering temporary parking permits to those displaced by fire who are staying in the City and is hosting NSW Office of Emergency Management at the City of Sydney."
AustraliaNewsQLD


text:
ansible-role-pdsh-machines
=========

Installs and sets up a /etc/machines and /etc/dsh/ files for pdsh

https://github.com/jabl/ansible-role-pdsh-genders is probably better to use than this role

Requirements
------------

 - A repo installed on the machine that have the pdsh dependencies.
 - A hosts file with groups

Role Variables
--------------

see defaults/main.yml

Dependencies
------------

Example Playbook
----------------

Including an example of how to use your role (for instance, with variables passed in as parameters) is always nice for users too:

    - hosts: servers
      roles:
         - { role: ansible-role-pdsh-machines }

License
-------

MIT

Author Information
------------------

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Eintracht urgently needs victory to emerge from the relegation zone, while Borussia practically played out the season because there are illusory chances for the title.
"Eagles" for the first time achieved two consecutive wins in 2016 and led the team to the fans dream of a repeat of the miracle of the 1998/99 season, when survival was sealed with four consecutive success at the end.
Dortmund won all their matches after dropping from Liverpool Europa League, achieving an impressive goal difference of 14: 1. The team has the strongest attack (80 goals) and just one hit from the club record.
Furthermore, "yellow and black" chase 11th victory this season outside the Bundesliga, which can equalize peak achievement of the seasons 2010/11, 2011/12 and 2013/14.
With 25 goals in the league Pierre-Emerick Aubameyang is the most successful scorer for Borussia last 35 seasons. The bad news for the visitors was that playmaker Ilkay Gundogan team was injured and even miss Euro 2016.
Historically Eintracht favorite opponent rurtsi who achieved a record for the club 41 victories in 85 matches and a goal difference of 159: 113.


Best price and fast shipping. Worked perfect right out of the box.
Didn't get 10 years out of the original ones, but it is what it is. No options, just spend the money and replace them or hit the silence button every 2 days.
My experience was very good. I received exactly the products I ordered, and they had a recent manufactured date. Price was good and shipment came quickly.


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Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon and Prime Minister Abe Spark Discussion on New Directions for the UN
All photos: C Christophersen/UNU
On 16 March 2015, the United Nations University, in collaboration with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan, hosted "The UN at the Crossroads: Embarking on a Year of Reform and Renewal", a symposium featuring UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon and Japan's prime minister Shinzo Abe to mark the 70th anniversary of the United Nations.
As the world enters a year of intense summitry, the UN is reviewing policies and operations across virtually all its mandate areas. The event zoomed in on the organisational reforms and new policy initiatives needed to adapt to a rapidly evolving set of challenges in the fields of peace and security, development, and humanitarian assistance.
In his address, the Secretary-General delivered a strong message on the need for united action from Member States to ensure that this year lives up to its potential. Among the major summits of 2015, the Secretary-General highlighted the UN Summit for the Adoption of the Post-2015 Development Agenda, the Third International Conference on Financing for Development, the 21st session of the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change — which is heralded to finally result in a universally binding climate agreement — and the recent World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction held in Sendai, Japan.
The Secretary-General pointed out the continuing demand for the UN as a mediator and meeting ground for countries, and stressed the need to reform and reinforce the organisation to maintain its relevance and effectiveness in a changing global security environment. The Secretary-General accentuated priority issues of gender equality and youth empowerment, and introduced the recently launched Human Rights Up Front initiative, which will establish an early warning mechanism for violations of human rights or humanitarian law. The Secretary-General also thanked Japan for its strong support of the UN's work, and expressed his hope for genuine cooperation between Japan and its neighbouring countries.
Following the Secretary-General's remarks, Prime Minister Abe reaffirmed Japan's commitment to contributing substantially to the UN, and presented various focus areas in which Japan may take initiative. These include promoting the idea of human security and advancing development in the Asia-Pacific region and in the world, with a particular emphasis on health and education. He also mentioned Japanese solutions regarding an aging population and the need to build an inclusive and resilient "platinum society".
Prime Minister Abe joined the Secretary-General in calling for true international collaboration to confront the global challenges faced by the UN, further stating that the latter was obliged to continuous transformation — including that of its Security Council — to remain able to address global challenges. In this respect, Prime Minister Abe expressed Japan's willingness to become one of the permanent members of the Security Council.
The speeches were followed by a panel discussion moderated by Sebastian von Einsiedel, Director of the UNU Centre for Policy Research, that brought together dignitaries, practitioners and academics: H.E. Mr. Yasuhide Nakayama, State Minister for Foreign Affairs of Japan; H.E. Dr. George Thapatula Chaponda, Minister for Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation of the Republic of Malawi; Dr. Akihiko Tanaka, President of the Japan International Cooperation Agency; Under-Secretary-General Dr. Babatunde Osotimehin, Executive Director of the UN Population Fund; and Professor Toshiya Hoshino, Vice Rector of Osaka University.
The panel discussion provided insight on ways to make the UN "fit for purpose" to respond to mounting environmental and security challenges and to ensure that this year of great promise will not be a missed opportunity. The discussants debated the shifting contexts and roles of official development assistance and humanitarian assistance, explored potential reforms of the UN peacebuilding architecture, and agreed on the need to reform the Security Council to reflect the current international reality and the changing power dynamics between states and non-state actors.
All of the speakers underlined the importance of inclusiveness and equality, as well as adequate strategies for resilience, to help create a peaceful global society. The debate also touched upon gender issues and the measurement of development outcomes. In this context, the discussants affirmed the usefulness of global frameworks, such as the Millennium Development Goals and the upcoming Sustainable Development Goals, in mobilising, directing, and coordinating local and international efforts.


Becky is a designer and researcher whose printed textiles have been widely published and exhibited over the last twenty years.
She has been a lead researcher at Textiles Environment Design (TED) since 2000 and Director of the Textile Futures Research Centre (TFRC) since 2010. She researches sustainable design strategy; curates exhibitions; creates materials, models and prototypes; and mentors other designers and researchers to explore TED's vision of a more sustainable industry and culture.
Becky works with organisations to embed sustainable design research within the corporate culture. Recent clients include H&M, VF Corporation, Puma, DAFI, Sustainable Fashion Academy and Zero Waste Scotland.
Becky's practice is concerned with researching the role of the designer in creating institutional and cultural change towards more sustainable and circular, closed-loop practices. Becky co-developed TED's The TEN - sustainable strategies which educate and inspire users to make more informed and innovative decisions.
She uses design-led methods in workshop scenarios to systematically reconsider the design process and generate new systemic visions; as well as practice-based methods to test the visions in social and commercial contexts. Recent research roles include: the Swedish funded MISTRA Future Fashion project; the EU funded H2020 Trash to Cash project; and the FIRE Up and Worn Again projects (AHRC).
Through individual practice and group research at Chelsea, TED has developed TED's TEN – strategies which intend to help individuals, and small and medium enterprises, make more informed design decisions.
These are currently being explored through a broad portfolio of research and consultancy projects, which ultimately ask the designer to consider several strategies at any one time – using design thinking to achieve a layered and interconnected approach. The resulting textile and fashion concepts often combine theoretical thinking with material, technical and social innovations.
Visit the TED Research group website.
Visit the Ever and Again project website.


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Updates from the partnership marketing world
Connecting the brand and entertainment communities
Category: Partnerships
MarketingPartnerships.com Reaches Major Milestone 5,000th Member to its Community of Marketing Executives
Los Angeles, California, March 12, 2018 – The L.A. Office's boutique powerhouse has reached a landmark 5,000th member to their online marketing community, MarketingPartnerships.com, the meticulously produced 24/7 online tradeshow holds a top-tier place cemented in an often short-lived business.
President Mitch Litvak, hailing from a studio promotional background, created an innovative service that is clear, easy to use and effective. "Our 24-year history has always focused on bringing the brand and entertainment marketing communities much closer. MarketingPartnerships.com is a niche community that has evolved into win-win relationships, creating the right resources and environment for these marketers to create partnerships that resonate with their consumers."
Marketers in the community of 5,000 come from companies like Kellogg's, Nestle, Coca-Cola, Facebook, Crayola, Macy's, Amazon, General Mills, ConAgra, True Value, CBS, Samsung, Google, Twitter, FTD, Teleflora, Six Flags, Amazon, Sandals Resorts, Microsoft, Henkel, Dole, T-Mobile, Del Monte, Darden, McDonald's, Sony, Lego, Girl Scouts, California Lottery, Tyson, Bloomingdales, Fandango and many more.
Corporate membership includes marketers from virtually every entertainment company in the business: Film companies include 20th Century Fox, Disney, Paramount, Sony, Universal Pictures and Warner Bros. Pictures; TV Companies- A+E, AMC, DreamWorks TV, Hallmark Channel, Nickelodeon, Disney Channel, NBC, HSN, Weather Channel, and Warner Bros. TV; Gaming- Nintendo, Xbox, Activation, 2K, Blizzard; Music Companies- Universal Music Group, Big Machine Music, Disney Music, Kidz Bop, CMA and the Recording Academy; Brands- Campari America, Kellogg's, and several others.
A number of other promotion-friendly companies round out the Corporate membership. These include leading Marketing Agencies, Mall Companies, Non-Profit Organizations, Online Content Providers, Toy Companies and more.
"We burn the candle at both ends," remarks Litvak, and 5,000 members create a lot of fire power for the partnership marketing community."
About MarketingPartnerships.com
MarketingPartnerships.com is an online community created as a business tool to help marketers efficiently and effectively connect with the people, resources, properties and research that are an integral part of their jobs. In addition to finding the right people, resources, innovative tools and key promotional decision makers from entertainment companies, brands and agencies, marketers will have access, and be able, to search for and identify over 1,000 marketing opportunities available on an ongoing basis.
About The L.A. Office
For almost 25 years, The L.A. Office has been an invaluable resource for brands and entertainment marketers as they try to reach the partnership marketing goals. Our clients. members and event attendees rely on our proven ability to bring together the people and companies that are driving the business. In addition to connecting the right people, The L.A. Office's portfolio of services includes: MarketingPartnerships.com; biannual marketing events; and personalized consulting. Our tools and services streamline the process to formulate successful marketing campaigns.
Posted on February 15, 2018 January 29, 2019
10 Marketing Partnerships We Love to Talk About
In celebration of Valentine's Day and the month dedicated to relationships, we wanted to put together a list of marketing partnerships we love at The L.A. Office. Here's just ten out of the 200+ partnerships that were born at our events!
1. Green Giant | Macy's
Through a networking event, Green Giant started a conversation with Macy's that put the Green Giant into the MACY'S THANKSGIVING DAY PARADE in 2017. Learn more about this promotion here.
2. Paramount | Acer
Sharing marketing objectives with 150 creative minds leads to some great partnerships! As Acer discussed their marketing initiatives, Paramount execs went "Beyond Limits" on a partnership with STAR TREK INTO DARKNESS. Consumers could pre-order the Aspire Touch Notebook and receive a STAR TREK Video Game download. Learn more here.
3. PlayMonster | The Ellen Show
It was a chance meeting where PlayMonster and Telepictures realized that playing the "5 SECOND RULE" game on ELLEN would turn the game into an instant success. Read more about this partnership here.
4. DreamWorks Animation TV | Denny's
During a RoadShow Snapshot, DreamWorks introduced their key initiatives to the attendees and Denny's jumped onboard to promote their "Kids' Eat Free" Tuesdays. Kids menus featured new and familiar characters from the Netflix series, DINOTRUX, along with MR. PEABODY & SHERMAN and HOME. Learn more here.
5. T-Mobile | Chipotle
After presenting at the event, T-Mobile connected with Chipotle and a T-Mobile Tuesday deal was brokered. Chipotle offered free chips & guac among other tasty prizes.
6. VH1 Save the Music Foundation | Cost Plus World Market
VH1 Save the Music Foundation and Cost Plus World Market teamed up to celebrate the power of music. World market hosted student musicians in select stores to spread cheer to customers during the holiday season. Read more here.
7. McDonald's | Delta Vacations
You never know who you are sitting next to… Delta Vacations met a representative from McDonald's and a partnership to promote the annual McDonald's MONOPOLY game was born with prize fulfillment as part of one of their largest prize pools ever. Read more here.
8. Merlin Entertainments | Target
One of the first partnerships born from our first event in 2006, we were thrilled to hear that Target and Madam Tussaud's connected to bring Target's mascot, Bullseye, into the New York location of Madam Tussaud's. Read more about this partnership here.
9. Universal Parks and Resorts | Jel Sert
Universal Parks and Resorts teamed up with Jel Sert's Fla-Vor-Ice brand to celebrate #BIGFLAVORICEFUN and the chance to win one of two grand prize trips for four to Universal Studios Hollywood or Universal Orlando Resort. Learn more about this partnership here.
10. Universal Music Group | Marriott Rewards
Marriott International and Universal Music Group connected and launched one of our biggest event success stories. The partnership included exclusive performances by established and emerging recording artists, branded video series, social content, music downloads, ticket offers and more. Read more here.
Bonus! Because we're so proud of our attendees' success, here's one more:
True Value | Anne Groben & Associates
Anne Groben and Associates helped create a partnership between True Value and YouTube Influencers Chris Salamone and Johnny Brooke for True Value's 'Man Cave Promotion.' Both influencers created a sponsored video creating man cave essentials that can be built by True Value's products. Learn more here.
Make a Connection and Find Your Next Partner with $100 Off a VIP Membership!
In celebration of Valentine's Day and the month dedicated to relationships, we're pleased to extend 20% off your first year when you upgrade to a VIP Membership on MarketingPartnerships.com. Take advantage and upgrade today using code VIPLOVE to unlock your future partnerships! This offer is only good on new upgrades through February 28th.
On behalf of the team at The L.A. Office, thanks for reading and we'll see you next time!
Jingle Janlge Your Way Through the Holiday Season with these Marketing Partnerships
It seems that more people are as excited for holiday promotions as much as the festivities themselves. This year's holiday season brought partnerships packed-full of festive spirit. Take a look at five stand-outs (and even more on MarketingPartnerships.com), and hopefully they will spark inspiration for your next partnerships, too!
MACY'S THANKSGIVING DAY PARADE | Green Giant
As part of Green Giant's inaugural year in the MACY'S THANKSGIVING DAY PARADE, Green Giant celebrated by setting the Guinness World Record for the largest serving of green bean casserole in a restaurant at Macy's Herald Square. Read more.
MURDER ON THE ORIENT EXPRESS | Godiva
20th Century Fox and Godiva partnered to celebrate the theatrical release of MURDER ON THE ORIENT EXPRESS. The partnership included a limited edition chocolate collection inspired by the film. Read more.
A BAD MOMS CHRISTMAS | Old Navy
STX Entertainment and Old Navy partnered for a sweepstakes to celebrate the theatrical release of A BAD MOMS CHRISTMAS. Fans were given the chance to win a private screening for 100 guests in their hometown. Read more.
STAR WARS: THE LAST JEDI | Nissan
Walt Disney Studios and Nissan joined forces again to promote the latest installment of the STAR WARS franchise, STAR WARS: THE LAST JEDI. Leading up to the film's opening, Nissan had an extensive promotional campaign that featured Nissan Intelligent Mobility technologies from its top selling models. The campaign included traditional, digital and event media. Read more.
THE GREATEST SHOWMAN | Montblanc
20th Century Fox and Montblanc partnered to celebrate the December theatrical release of THE GREATEST SHOWMAN. Throughout the film, actor Hugh Jackman could be seen using his Montblanc Minerva pocket watch, a vintage piece on loan from the house's archive in Switzerland, as well as a specifically commissioned Meisterstück fountain pen, with a ringmaster engraved on its nib. Read more.
This rounds out a sampling of just a few of thousands of partnerships we are tracking on MarketingPartnerships.com. Stay tuned for future blog posts that will cover the partnership marketing industry across more brand and entertainment categories. Additionally, for access to more partnerships and marketing opportunities, log in or create a profile on MarketingPartnerships.com. Basic profiles are free.
Still not enough? Unlock the full database by upgrading to VIP!
Track 8,600+ successful partnerships and feature your own
View 1,300+ current and past Promotional TV Spots
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On behalf of the team at The L.A. Office, we're glad you're here and will see you next time!
1,000+ Opportunities
8,700+ Past Partnerships
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You Don't Know What You're Missing!
MarketingPartnerships.com Reaches Major Milestone 5,000th Member to its Community of Marketing Executives March 13, 2018
5 Diverse Television Opportunities For Your Brand March 5, 2018
10 Marketing Partnerships We Love to Talk About February 15, 2018
Summer 2018: A Look at 7 Theatrical Opportunities for Your Brand January 16, 2018
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Sympathetic nerves are located on the front and side of the spinal column. Part of the autonomic nervous system, these nerves are responsible for controlling many important functions such as heart rate, movement, and sweating. When it comes to spine pain, some patients report continued discomfort even when the initial source of the pain has healed. This happens when the sympathetic nerves send pain information back to the spine via peripheral tissues. The purpose of a lumbar sympathetic block is either to confirm a suspected source of nerve-related pain or to manage it.
A nerve block is often recommended for patients with peripheral vascular disease or neuropathy (radiating nerve pain) felt in the legs. Since leg pain may also be due to sciatica (pressure on the sciatic nerve), the block may be diagnostic in nature to confirm or rule out the sympathetic nerves as a pain source.
Performed with local anesthesia, a lumbar sympathetic block may include steroid medication to extend the effects of the shot. If it's being done for diagnostic purposes only, the injection may only have the anesthetic in it. A special live X-ray called is used to guide placement of the thin needle that's inserted in the affected area. The actual procedure usually takes about 15-30 minutes to complete.
It usually takes a few hours for the local anesthetic to wear off. If the procedure is being done for pain relief purposes, results will typically last longer if a steroid medication was also used.
Patients may be advised to stop talking certain medications prior to having a lumbar sympathetic block, especially blood thinners that may contribute to increased bleeding when the needle is inserted. If the right nerve is targeted, patients may report immediate relief while still under the effects of the local anesthesia. If this is the case, it can be assumed with some degree of certainty that it's the sympathetic nerves causing the reported discomfort.
Recovery from a lumbar sympathetic block takes about an hour. During this time, patients are monitored. If the injection provides relief, additional treatments may be recommended. Some patients benefit from only a few treatments while others need multiple injections over a longer period of time. Risks are minimal. Some patients may experience slight discomfort at the injection site, but this is often temporary.


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NewsAssembly Elections 2017Uttar Pradesh Assembly Election 2017Uttar Pradesh Assembly election 2017: Jama Masjid Shahi Imam announces support for BSP
Uttar Pradesh Assembly election 2017: Jama Masjid Shahi Imam announces support for BSP
Jama Masjid Shahi Imam Syed Ahmed Bukhari accused the Samajwadi Party and Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister Akhilesh Yadav of neglecting Muslims in the state while doing everything for Yadavs.
Shiv Pujan Jha
Lucknow,UPDATED: Feb 9, 2017 21:10 IST
Shahi Imam Syed Ahmed Bukhari. (File Photo: PTI)
Jama Masjid Shahi Imam announces support for Mayawati's BSP.
Akhilesh did nothing for Muslims, Shahi Imam Syed Ahmed Bukhari said.
Voting for first phase on 73 constituencies in Uttar Pradesh will be held on February 11.
By Shiv Pujan Jha: Just hours after the campaigning for the first phase of Assembly elections in Uttar Pradesh ended today, Jama Masjid Shahi Imam Syed Ahmed Bukhari surprised many by announcing support for Mayawati's Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP).
Bukhari accused the Samajwadi Party and Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister Akhilesh Yadav of neglecting Muslims in the state while doing everything for Yadavs.
Assembly Elections 2017: Full Coverage
Blaming the Samajwadi Party for Muzaffarnagar and Dadri incidents, the Shahi Imam said that the state witnessed over 400 communal cofrontations during Akhilesh's rule.
"I met Mulayam several times on the issue of reservation to Muslims and Netaji brought the same to the notice of Akhilesh Yadav but he did nothing. Akhilesh didn't listen to his father. How can you rely on a person who has ill treated his father," Bukhari said.
While praising previous BSP regime under Mayawati, he said the Samajwadi Party failed miserably in controlling law and order situation in the state. "The BSP should be given a chance," the top religious leader added.
Bukhari also asserted that the Muslims were indispensable and they should unite and not rely on Congress and Samajwadi Party.
Voting in the first phase of Assembly election on 73 constituencies is scheduled to be held on February 11.
Uttar Pradesh Assembly election: Sonia Gandhi to campaign in Rae Bareli soon
Lalu claims he is a freelance politician, can go anywhere to root out BJP, RSS


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'Saxy lady' and unsung heroes praised in Stroke Awards2 months ago
'Unsung heroes' named in 2019 Stroke Foundation awards
Geraldine Cardozo
17 May 2019, 12:30 a.m.
TAKE NOTE: Lynette Gordon-Smith, aka "Saxy Lady", proved health professionals wrong by playing her saxophone after stroke.
A sax-playing senior and a personal trainer among top stroke award winners.
A SAXOPHONE player, a personal trainer who raised more than $50,000 and a prodigous professor have all been named as unsung heros for their work to help improve the lives of people affected by stroke.
The Stroke Foundation's 2019 Stroke Awards, presented on Tuesday, celebrated Australians who have worked tirelessly to improve the lives of stroke survivors and their families.
The winners were chosen from almost 70 nominations in six categories: Creative, Fundraiser of the Year, Courage, Volunteer of the Year, President's Achievement and Improving Life after Stroke.
Queensland's "Saxy Lady" Lynette Gordon-Smith, from Allora, won the Creative Award for proving health professionals wrong, by playing her saxophone after stroke.
Mrs Gordon Smith was told she may never be able to play her saxophone again after she suffered a stroke in 2017.
Stroke Foundation's Sharon McGowan at the 2018 Stroke Awards.
But a year later, and with plenty of determination, the 68-year-old Allora musician was back doing what she loves best -performing and selling her CDs to raise money for the Stroke Foundation.
"I'm honoured to be the 2019 Creative Award recipient. After my stroke, I had to learn to swallow, walk, talk and use my hand again. It's been a tough journey, but I was committed to beating the odds," Mrs Gordon-Smith said.
"I am truly grateful to the occupational therapists and the allied health team at Warwick Hospital for their support in my rehabilitation.
"I've played the saxophone since I was 13 years old and I couldn't imagine my life without music. I love the joy music brings to others when I perform.
"I am also passionate about raising awareness of stroke and encouraging other stroke survivors to never give up."
Tracy and Stephen Ward from Denman in NSW took home the Courage Award, given to survivors and carers who have shown indomitable courage and hope.
The couple were praised for their tenacity in recovery from stroke and their ongoing advocacy efforts, including playing a key role in securing government funding for stroke research and providing a voice for people affected by stroke in regional Australia.
Fundraiser of the Year Award went to personal trainer Jo Cordell Cooper from Geilston Bay, in Tasmania.
Ms Cordell Cooper set up Tasmanian Iconic Walks - a fundraising trek through the Tasman National Park which has raised more than $50,000 in two years.
Victoria's Kevin English from Albert Park was named Volunteer of the Year for his ongoing work with Stroke Foundation, as a member of the Consumer Council and as a StrokeSafe Ambassador.
Stephanie Ho from Darlinghurst, NSW, was awarded for her work giving back to the community after her own stroke, aged 22, through participation in stroke and rehabilitation boards, public speaking and supporting other young stroke survivors.
She took home the Improving Life after Stroke Award.
President's Achievement Award went to Professor Dominique Cadilhac, from Victoria for her extensive contributions to stroke research and public health policy.
Stroke Foundation Chief Executive Officer Sharon McGowan congratulated the winners for their remarkable achievements.
"I could not be more impressed with these outstanding individuals who have demonstrated passion and commitment to raise awareness of stroke and reduce its burden in our community," Ms McGowan said.
"The Stroke Foundation strives to prevent stroke, save lives and enhance recovery. The selfless actions of the Stroke Awards nominees, finalists and winners plays an important role in that mission."
For more information about the 2019 Stroke Awards visit www.strokefoundation.org.au
Read more: My stroke story: Brian Tress recounts journey from doctor to patient
Read more: Vic stem cell trial to aid stroke patients


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Rabbi Gavriel Zinner ( גבריאל ציננער; also Tzinner, Cinner, Tsinner) is an Orthodox Rabbi in Boro Park, New York City known for his series of books on Jewish law, Nitei Gavriel.

Biography
Zinner studied at the Puppa yeshiva and is a student of the Grand Rabbi Yosef Greenwald of the Puppa Hasidic dynasty.
He received Hora'ah (ordination) from the latter, with whom he then interned for over 20 years.
He married the daughter of Rabbi Reuven Lintzer.

Early in his career, Zinner was associated with Rabbi Menashe Klein of Ungvar, the well known posek (legal scholar), author of Mishneh Halachos.
Zinner has also established connections with many other Gedolim, among them Rabbi Yaakov Yitzchak Neumann, the Belz Rav in Montreal.
Zinner was close to the Debreciner Rabbi, Rabbi Shmuel Wosner, and Rabbi Fishel Hershkowitz.
In the many visits he made to Israel, he learned from Rabbi Shlomo Zalman Auerbach, with whom he enjoyed "talking in learning".

Rabbi Zinner issues hechsherim (Kosher certification), with mark "NKG"

Works
Zinner has authored over 30 volumes of Nitei Gavriel, (נטעי גבריאל, "Plantings of Gavriel") a sefer on the entire spectrum of topics in halachah (Jewish law).
The works are known for addressing situations not commonly brought in other works; they also delineate the varying approaches amongst the Hasidic branches.
For both reasons they are often reprinted.

In Jewish law, Zinner's tradition is to follow the Shulchan Aruch HaRav written by the Baal HaTanya.
This was passed on to him by his mentor, Rabbi Greenwald, from his father, and to him in turn from his father, the Arugas Habosem.
He also has great admiration for the last Lubavitcher Rebbe.

References

External links

 Rabbi Zinner's books listed in the National Library of Israel

Living people
American Hasidic rabbis
20th-century American rabbis
21st-century American rabbis
People from Borough Park, Brooklyn
Year of birth missing (living people)
Authors of books on Jewish law


Hevreh Ensemble is excited to announce plans for our tour for the summer of 2020 when we will travel to Argentina. We are currently planning concerts to be held in historic synagogues in Beunos Aires, Rosario and Cordoba with our first concert to be held at the magnificent synagogue Templo Libertad in Buenos Aires. We are thrilled to be joined by soprano Alicia DePaolo who sings with the ensemble Miryam among many other groups. Interspersed with Hevreh's repertoire she will be sing cantillation from the soulful and stirring Book of Lamentations, which is a collection of poetic laments for the destruction of Jerusalem. The planned performances coincide with the observance of Tisha b'av on, which marks the destruction of the two temples in 586 BCE and 70 CE.
Stay tuned for further plans!


The Pen Conductivity Meter from Ohaus provides accurate measurements of conductivity ranges and requires only one hand to operate. The portable meter can be used nearly anywhere you need to perform tests, and the display holds the reading to provide additional time for data logging. The meter also features a waterproof, plastic frame and a wrist strap to prevent dropping accidents. Available with or without a temperature display.


Webroot deleted files – Webroot aims to offer complete protection of sensitive files across all your devices that include all kinds of iOS devices, OS devices as well as Android devices by encrypting them, controlling access as well as providing an audit trail for changes to these types of files. The company provides complete care by shielding devices through a wide range of services. WWW.WEBROOT.COM/SAFE IS A SINGLE WEB PAGE TO DIRECTLY DOWNLOAD THE ANTIVIRUS.
I am hoping this isn't true – when Webroot decides to delete files, there is no way to recover them? Can that possibly be true?
If you used the right-click option "Permanently erase with Webroot" then I highly doubt that you can get them back.
There are some recovery utilities out there like "Recuva", but I'm not sure it will help.
This could take several minutes. When completed, re-scan to make sure the issue is resolved.