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United States Armed Forces
The United States Armed Forces[10] are the military forces of the United States of America. It consists of the Army, Marine Corps, Navy, Air Force, and Coast Guard.[11] The president of the United States is the commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces and forms military policy with the Department of Defense (DoD) and Department of Homeland Security (DHS), both federal executive departments, acting as the principal organs by which military policy is carried out. All five armed services are among the seven uniformed services of the United States.[12]
"US Forces" redirects here. For the Midnight Oil song, see US Forces (song).
Seals of the five service branches
14 June 1775 (1775-06-14)[lower-alpha 1]
Service branches
The Pentagon, Arlington County, Virginia
Secretary of Homeland Security
Chad Wolf (acting)
Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff
GEN Mark A. Milley, USA
Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff
Gen John E. Hyten, USAF
Senior Enlisted Advisor to the Chairman
CCM Ramón Colón-López, USAF
Military age
17 with parental consent, 18 for voluntary service.[lower-alpha 2]
Male only (inactive since 1973)
17 million[4], age 18–25 (2016)
Reaching military
age annually
2 million[5] (2016)
Active personnel
1,380,895[6] (ranked 3rd)
Reserve personnel
Deployed personnel
US$693 billion (2019)[8] (ranked 1st)
Percent of GDP
Domestic suppliers
Military history of the United States
List of engagements
Barbary Wars
Patriot War
Mexican–American War
Utah War
Cortina Troubles
Reform War
New York City draft riots
Las Cuevas War
Spanish–American War
Banana Wars
Philippine–American War
Border War
Puerto Rican Nationalist Revolts
1958 Lebanon crisis
Dominican Civil War
Bay of Pigs Invasion
Korean DMZ Conflict
Operation Eagle Claw
Multinational Force Lebanon
Invasion of Grenada
Operation Golden Pheasant
Invasion of Panama
Operation Gothic Serpent
Battle of Mogadishu
Bosnian War
Operation Deliberate Force
Operation Deny Flight
Kosovo War
Global War on Terrorism
Operation Enduring Freedom
Trans Sahara
Intervention against ISIL
War in North-West Pakistan
Military deployment after Hurricane Katrina
Pakistan–United States skirmishes
Commissioned officer
Marine Corps officer
Navy officer
Air Force officer
Coast Guard officer
Army warrant officer
Marine Corps warrant officer
Navy warrant officer
Air Force warrant officer
Coast Guard warrant officer
Army enlisted
Marine Corps enlisted
Navy enlisted
Air Force enlisted
Coast Guard enlisted
From the time of its inception, the U.S. Armed Forces played a decisive role in the history of the United States. A sense of national unity and identity was forged as a result of victory in the First Barbary War and the Second Barbary War. Even so, the founders of the United States were suspicious of a permanent military force. It played a critical role in the American Civil War, continuing to serve as the armed forces of the United States, although a number of its officers resigned to join the military of the Confederate States. The National Security Act of 1947, adopted following World War II and during the Cold War's onset, created the modern U.S. military framework. The Act established the National Military Establishment, headed by the secretary of defense; and created the Department of the Air Force and the National Security Council. It was amended in 1949, renaming the National Military Establishment the Department of Defense, and merged the cabinet-level Department of the Army, Department of the Navy, and Department of the Air Force, into the Department of Defense.
The U.S. Armed Forces are one of the largest militaries in terms of the number of personnel. It draws its personnel from a large pool of paid volunteers. Although conscription has been used in the past in various times of both war and peace, it has not been used since 1973, but the Selective Service System retains the power to conscript males, and requires that all male citizens and residents residing in the U.S. between the ages of 18–25 register with the service.[13] On February 22, 2019, however, a federal judge ruled that registering only males for Selective Service is unconstitutional.
Per Credit Suisse, the U.S. Armed Forces are the world's most powerful military.[14] As of 2019, the U.S. spends US$693 billion to fund its armed forces mandatory and discretionary accounts.[15] As of 2018, the U.S. constitutes roughly 36 percent of the world's military expenditures. The U.S. Armed Forces has significant capabilities in both defense and power projection due to its large budget, resulting in advanced and powerful technologies which enables a widespread deployment of the force around the world, including around 800 military bases outside the United States.[16] The U.S. Air Force is the world's largest air force, the U.S. Navy is the world's largest navy by tonnage, and the U.S. Navy and the U.S. Marine Corps combined are the world's second largest air arm. In terms of size, the U.S. Coast Guard is the world's 12th largest naval force.[17][18] The U.S. as of FY2019 has about 14,061 aircraft in inventory.[19]
Main article: Military history of the United States
The history of the U.S. Armed Forces dates to 14 June 1775, with the creation of the Continental Army, even before the Declaration of Independence marked the establishment of the United States. The Continental Navy, established on 13 October 1775, and Continental Marines, established on 10 November 1775, were created in close succession by the Second Continental Congress in order to defend the new nation against the British Empire in the American Revolutionary War.
These forces demobilized in 1784 after the Treaty of Paris ended the War for Independence. The Congress of the Confederation created the current United States Army on 3 June 1784. The United States Congress created the current United States Navy on 27 March 1794 and the current United States Marine Corps on 11 July 1798. All three services trace their origins to their respective Continental predecessors. The 1787 adoption of the Constitution gave the Congress the power to "raise and support armies", to "provide and maintain a navy" and to "make rules for the government and regulation of the land and naval forces", as well as the power to declare war. The president is the U.S. Armed Forces' commander-in-chief.
The United States Coast Guard traces its origin to the founding of the Revenue Cutter Service on 4 August 1790 which merged with the United States Life-Saving Service on 28 January 1915 to establish the Coast Guard. The United States Air Force was established as an independent service on 18 September 1947; it traces its origin to the formation of the Aeronautical Division, U.S. Signal Corps, which was formed 1 August 1907 and was part of the Army Air Forces before becoming an independent service as per the National Security Act of 1947. The United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps was formerly considered to be a branch of the United States Armed Forces from 29 July 1945 until its status as such was revoked on 3 July 1952.[20]
Space Force proposal
Main article: United States Space Force
On March 1, 2019, the Department of Defense sent a proposal to Congress that would establish the United States Space Force as an independent military service within the Department of the Air Force. If approved, this would become the sixth military service branch to be created.[21]
Main article: Organizational structure of the United States Department of Defense
Command over the U.S. Armed Forces is established in the Constitution. The sole power of command is vested in the president by Article II as commander-in-Chief. The Constitution presumes the existence of "executive Departments" headed by "principal officers", whose appointment mechanism is provided for in the Appointments Clause. This allowance in the Constitution formed the basis for creation of the Department of Defense in 1947 by the National Security Act. The DoD is headed by the secretary of defense, who is a civilian and member of the Cabinet. The defense secretary is second in the U.S. Armed Forces chain of command, with the exception of the Coast Guard, which is under the secretary of homeland security, and is just below the president and serves as the principal assistant to the president in all defense-related matters.[22] Together, the president and the secretary of defense comprise the National Command Authority, which by law is the ultimate lawful source of military orders.[23]
To coordinate military strategy with political affairs, the president has a National Security Council headed by the national security advisor. The collective body has only advisory power to the president, but several of the members who statutorily comprise the council (the secretary of state, the secretary of energy and the secretary of defense) possess executive authority over their own departments.[24]
Just as the president, the secretary of defense, and the secretary of homeland security, are in charge of the entire military establishment, maintaining civilian control of the military, so too are each of the Defense Department's constitutive military departments headed by civilians. The four DoD branches are organized into three departments, each with civilian heads. The Department of the Army is headed by the secretary of the Army, the Department of the Navy is headed by the secretary of the Navy and the Department of the Air Force is headed by the secretary of the Air Force. The Marine Corps is organized under the Department of the Navy, however it is still considered a separate and equal service. The Coast Guard is under the Department of Homeland Security and receives its operational orders from the secretary of homeland security. However, the Coast Guard may be transferred to the Department of the Navy by the president or Congress during a time of war, thereby placing it within the DoD.[25]
The president, secretary of defense and other senior executive officials are advised by a seven-member Joint Chiefs of Staff, which is headed by the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the highest-ranking officer in the United States military and the vice chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.[26] The rest of the body is composed of the heads of each of the DoD's service branches (the chief of staff of the Army, the chief of naval operations, the commandant of the Marine Corps and the chief of staff of the Air Force) as well as the chief of the National Guard Bureau. Although commanding one of the five military branches, the commandant of the Coast Guard is not a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Despite being composed of the highest-ranking officers in each of the respective branches, the Joint Chiefs of Staff does not possess operational command authority. Rather, the Goldwater-Nichols Act charges them only with advisory power.[27]
All of the branches work together during operations and joint missions in Unified Combatant Commands, under the authority of the secretary of defense with the typical exception of the Coast Guard. Each of the Unified Combatant Commands is headed by a combatant commander, a senior commissioned officer who exercises supreme command authority per 10 U.S.C. § 164 over all of the forces, regardless of branch, within his geographical or functional command. By statute, the chain of command flows from the president to the secretary of defense to each of the combatant commanders.[28] In practice, the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff often acts as an intermediary between the secretary of defense and the combatant commanders.
Main article: Military budget of the United States
The United States has the world's largest military budget. In the fiscal year 2019, $693 billion in funding were enacted for the DoD and for "Overseas Contingency Operations" in the War on Terrorism.[15] Outside of direct DoD spending, the United States spends another $218 to $262 billion each year on other defense-related programs, such as Veterans Affairs, Homeland Security, nuclear weapons maintenance and DoD.
In FY2016 $146.9 billion was allocated for the Department of the Army, $168.8 billion for the Department of the Navy, $161.8 billion for the Department of the Air Force and $102.8 billion for DoD-wide spending.[29] By function, $138.6 billion was requested for personnel, $244.4 billion for operations and maintenance, $118.9 billion for procurement, $69.0 billion for research and development, $1.3 billion for revolving and management funds, $6.9 billion for military construction and $1.3 billion for family housing.[29]
Total active duty strength as of February 28, 2019, was 1,359,685 servicemembers, with an additional 799,845 people in the seven reserve components.[30] Civilian Department of Defense Employees numbered at 744,005 in December 2018. The Department of Defense is the largest employer in the world[31]
It is an all-volunteer military, but conscription through the Selective Service System can be enacted at the president's request and Congress' approval. All males ages 18 through 25 who are living in the United States are required to register with the Selective Service for a potential future draft.
The U.S. Armed Forces is the world's third largest military by active personnel, after the Chinese's People's Liberation Army and the Indian armed forces, and has troops deployed around the globe.
As in most militaries, members of the U.S. Armed Forces hold a rank, either that of officer, warrant officer or enlisted, to determine seniority and eligibility for promotion. Those who have served are known as veterans. Rank names may be different between services, but they are matched to each other by their corresponding paygrade.[32] Officers who hold the same rank or paygrade are distinguished by their date of rank to determine seniority, while officers who serve in certain positions of office of importance set by law, outrank all other officers in active duty of the same rank and paygrade, regardless of their date of rank.[33] In 2012, it was reported that only one in four persons in the United States of the proper age meet the moral, academic and physical standards for military service.[34]
February 2018 Demographic Reports and end strengths for reserve components.[29][35][36][37][38]
Component Military Enlisted Officer Male Female Civilian
United States Army 471,513 376,206 90,785 465,784 69,345 299,644
United States Marine Corps 184,427 163,092 21,335 181,845 15,551 20,484
United States Navy 325,802 267,286 54,114 265,852 62,168 179,293
United States Air Force 323,222 258,015 61,144 270,462 50,750 174,754
United States Coast Guard 42,042 32,782 8,239
Total Active 1,347,106 1,137,916 236,826 1,219,510 210,485 681,232
Army National Guard of the United States 336,879 291,865 45,014
United States Army Reserve 190,699 153,064 37,635
United States Marine Corps Reserve 38,473 34,079 4,394
United States Navy Reserve 57,650 43,596 14,054
Air National Guard of the United States 106,549 91,274 15,275
United States Air Force Reserve 68,216 54,658 13,558
United States Coast Guard Reserve 6,142 5,086 1,056
Total Reserves 807,562 673,622 130,986
Other DoD personnel 108,833
Stationing
Main article: United States military deployments
As of 31 December 2010, U.S. Armed Forces troops were stationed in 150 countries; the number of non-contingent deployments per country ranges from 1 in Suriname to over 50,000 in Germany.[39] Some of the largest deployments are: 103,700 in Afghanistan, 52,440 in Germany (see list), 35,688 in Japan (USFJ), 28,500 in South Korea (USFK), 9,660 in Italy and 9,015 in the United Kingdom. These numbers change frequently due to the regular recall and deployment of units.
Altogether, 77,917 military personnel are located in Europe, 141 in the former Soviet Union, 47,236 in East Asia and the Pacific, 3,362 in North Africa, the Near East and South Asia, 1,355 in sub-Saharan Africa and 1,941 in the Western Hemisphere excluding the United States itself.
Including U.S. territories and ships afloat within territorial waters As of 31 December 2009, a total of 1,137,568 personnel were on active duty within the United States and its territories (including 84,461 afloat).[40] The vast majority (941,629 personnel) were stationed at bases within the contiguous United States. There were an additional 37,245 in Hawaii and 20,450 in Alaska while 84,461 were at sea, 2,972 in Guam and 179 in Puerto Rico.
Prospective service members are often recruited from high school or college, the target age ranges being 18–35 in the Army, 18–28 in the Marine Corps, 18–34 in the Navy, 18–39 in the Air Force and 18–27 (up to age 32 if qualified for attending guaranteed "A" school) in the Coast Guard. With the permission of a parent or guardian, applicants can enlist at age 17 and participate in the Delayed Entry Program (DEP), in which the applicant is given the opportunity to participate in locally sponsored military activities, which can range from sports to competitions led by recruiters or other military liaisons (each recruiting station's DEP varies).
After enlistment, new recruits undergo basic training (also known as "boot camp" in the Marine Corps, Navy and Coast Guard), followed by schooling in their primary Military Occupational Specialty (MOS), rating and Air Force Specialty Code (AFSC) at any of the numerous training facilities around the United States. Each branch conducts basic training differently. The Marine Corps sends all non-infantry MOS's to an infantry skills course known as Marine Combat Training prior to their technical schools. Air Force Basic Military Training graduates attend Technical Training and are awarded their Air Force Specialty Code (AFSC) at the apprentice (3) skill level. All Army recruits undergo Basic Combat Training (BCT), followed by Advanced Individual Training (AIT), with the exceptions of cavalry scouts, infantry, armor, combat engineers and military police recruits who go to One Station Unit Training (OSUT), which combines BCT and AIT. The Navy sends its recruits to Recruit Training and then to "A" schools to earn a rating. The Coast Guard's recruits attend basic training and follow with an "A" school to earn a rating.
Initially, recruits without higher education or college degrees will hold the pay grade of E-1 and will be elevated to E-2 usually soon after basic training. Different services have different incentive programs for enlistees, such as higher initial ranks for college credit, being an Eagle Scout and referring friends who go on to enlist as well. Participation in DEP is one way recruits can achieve rank before their departure to basic training.
There are several different authorized pay grade advancement requirements in each junior-enlisted rank category (E-1 to E-3), which differ by service. Enlistees in the Army can attain the initial pay grade of E-4 (specialist) with a four-year degree, but the highest initial pay grade is usually E-3 (members of the Army Band program can expect to enter service at the grade of E-4). Promotion through the junior enlisted ranks occurs after serving for a specified number of years (which can be waived by the soldier's chain of command), a specified level of technical proficiency or maintenance of good conduct. Promotion can be denied with reason.
Non-commissioned and petty officers
With very few exceptions, becoming a non-commissioned officer (NCO) or petty officer in the U.S. Armed Forces is accomplished by progression through the lower enlisted ranks. However, unlike promotion through the lower enlisted tier, promotion to NCO is generally competitive. NCO ranks begin at E-4 or E-5, depending upon service and are generally attained between three and six years of service. Junior NCOs function as first-line supervisors and squad leaders, training the junior enlisted in their duties and guiding their career advancement.
While considered part of the non-commissioned officer corps by law, senior non-commissioned officers (SNCOs) referred to as chief petty officers in the Navy and Coast Guard, or staff non-commissioned officers in the Marine Corps, perform duties more focused on leadership rather than technical expertise. Promotion to the SNCO ranks, E-7 through E-9 (E-6 through E-9 in the Marine Corps) is highly competitive. Personnel totals at the pay grades of E-8 and E-9 are limited by federal law to 2.5 percent and 1 percent of a service's enlisted force, respectively. SNCOs act as leaders of small units and as staff. Some SNCOs manage programs at headquarters level and a select few wield responsibility at the highest levels of the military structure. Most unit commanders have a SNCO as an enlisted advisor. All SNCOs are expected to mentor junior commissioned officers as well as the enlisted in their duty sections. The typical enlistee can expect to attain SNCO rank after 10 to 16 years of service.
Senior enlisted advisors
Each of the five services employs a single senior enlisted advisor at departmental level. This individual is the highest ranking enlisted member within that respective service and functions as the chief advisor to the service secretary, service chief and Congress on matters concerning the enlisted force. These individuals carry responsibilities and protocol requirements equivalent to three-star general or flag officers. They are as follows:
Sergeant Major of the Army
Sergeant Major of the Marine Corps
Master Chief Petty Officer of the Navy
Chief Master Sergeant of the Air Force
Master Chief Petty Officer of the Coast Guard
Warrant officers
Additionally, all services except for the Air Force have an active warrant officer corps. Above the rank of warrant officer one, these officers may also be commissioned, but usually serve in a more technical and specialized role within units. More recently, they can also serve in more traditional leadership roles associated with the more recognizable officer corps. With one notable exception (Army helicopter and fixed-wing pilots), these officers ordinarily have already been in the military often serving in senior NCO positions in the field in which they later serve as a warrant officer as a technical expert. Most Army pilots have served some enlisted time. It is also possible to enlist, complete basic training, go directly to the Warrant Officer Candidate School at Fort Rucker, Alabama and then on to flight school.
Warrant officers in the U.S. military garner the same customs and courtesies as commissioned officers. They may attend the officer's club, receive a command and are saluted by junior warrant officers and all enlisted service members.
The Air Force ceased to grant warrants in 1959 when the enlisted grades of E-8 and E-9 were created. Most non-flying duties performed by warrant officers in other services are instead performed by senior NCOs in the Air Force.
Officers receive a commission in one of the branches of the U.S. Armed Forces through one of the following routes.
Service academies (United States Military Academy (Army), United States Naval Academy, United States Air Force Academy, United States Coast Guard Academy and the United States Merchant Marine Academy)
Officer Candidate School (OCS) (Officer Training School (OTS) in the Air Force): this can be through active-duty schools, or through state-run schools in the case of the Army National Guard.
Direct commission: civilians who have special skills that are critical to sustaining military operations and supporting troops may receive direct commissions. These officers occupy leadership positions in law, medicine, dentistry, pharmacy, intelligence, supply-logistics-transportation, engineering, public affairs, chaplain, oceanography and others.
Battlefield commission: under certain conditions, enlisted personnel who have skills that separate them from their peers can become officers by direct commissioning of a commander so authorized to grant them. This type of commission is rarely granted and is reserved only for the most exceptional enlisted personnel; it is done on an ad hoc basis, typically only in wartime. No direct battlefield commissions have been awarded since the Vietnam War. The Navy and Air Force do not employ this commissioning path.
Limited Duty Officer: due to the highly technical nature of some officer billets, the Marine Corps, Navy and Coast Guard employ a system of promoting proven senior enlisted members to the ranks of commissioned officers. They fill a need that is similar to, but distinct from that filled by warrant officers (to the point where their accession is through the same school). While warrant officers remain technical experts, LDOs take on the role of a generalist, like that of officers commissioned through more traditional sources. LDOs are limited, not by their authority, but by the types of billets they are allowed to fill. However, in recent times they have come to be used more and more like their more-traditional counterparts.
Officers receive a commission assigning them to the officer corps from the president with the Senate's consent. To accept this commission, all officers must take an oath of office.
Through their careers, officers usually will receive further training at one or a number of the many staff colleges.
Company grade officers in pay grades O-1 through O-3 (known as "junior" officers in the Navy and Coast Guard) function as leaders of smaller units or sections of a unit, typically with an experienced SNCO (or CPO in the Navy and Coast Guard) assistant and mentor.
Field grade officers in pay grades O-4 through O-6 (known as "senior" officers in the Navy and Coast Guard) lead significantly larger and more complex operations, with gradually more competitive promotion requirements.
General officers, (known as flag officers in the Navy and Coast Guard) serve at the highest levels and oversee major portions of the military mission.
Chiefs of staff
Each service has a uniformed head who is considered the highest-ranking officer within their respective service, with the exception of the chairman and vice chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and the chief of the National Guard Bureau. They are responsible for ensuring personnel readiness, policy, planning and training and equipping their respective military services for the combatant commanders to utilize. They also serve as senior military advisors to the president, the secretary of defense, their respective service secretaries, as well as other councils they may be called to serve on. They are as follows:
Chief of Staff of the Army
Commandant of the Marine Corps
Chief of Naval Operations
Chief of Staff of the Air Force
Commandant of the Coast Guard
Five-star ranking
Main article: Five-star rank
These are ranks of the highest honor and responsibility in the U.S. Armed Forces, but they are almost never given during peacetime and only a very small number of officers during wartime have held a five-star rank:
General of the Army
General of the Air Force
No corresponding rank exists for the Marine Corps or the Coast Guard. As with three- and four-star ranks, Congress is the approving authority for a five-star rank confirmation.
The rank of general of the Armies is considered senior to general of the Army, but was never held by active duty officers at the same time as persons who held the rank of general of the Army. It has been held by two people: John J. Pershing who received the rank in 1919 after World War I and George Washington who received it posthumously in 1976 as part of the American Bicentennial celebrations. Pershing, appointed to General of the Armies in active duty status for life, was still alive at the time of the first five-star appointments during World War II and was thereby acknowledged as superior in grade by seniority to any World War II–era Generals of the Army. George Washington's appointment by Public Law 94-479 to General of the Armies of the United States was established by law as having "rank and precedence over all other grades of the Army, past or present", making him not only superior to Pershing, but superior to any grade in the Army in perpetuity.
In the Navy, the rank of admiral of the Navy theoretically corresponds to that of general of the Armies, though it was never held by active-duty officers at the same time as persons who held the rank of fleet admiral. George Dewey is the only person to have ever held this rank. After the establishment of the rank of fleet admiral in 1944, the Department of the Navy specified that the rank of fleet admiral was to be junior to the rank of admiral of the Navy. However, since Dewey died in 1917 before the establishment of the rank of fleet admiral, the six-star rank has not been totally confirmed.
The Woman's Army Auxiliary Corps was established in the United States in 1942. Women saw combat during World War II, first as nurses in the Pearl Harbor attacks on 7 December 1941. The Woman's Naval Reserve, Marine Corps Women's Reserve, US Coast Guard Women's Reserve, and Women Airforce Service Pilots (WASPs) were also created during this conflict. In 1944, WACs arrived in the Pacific and landed in Normandy on D-Day. During the war, 67 Army nurses and 16 Navy nurses were captured and spent three years as Japanese prisoners of war. There were 350,000 American women who served during World War II and 16 were killed in action. In total, they gained over 1,500 medals, citations and commendations. Virginia Hall, serving with the Office of Strategic Services, received the second-highest U.S. combat award, the Distinguished Service Cross, for action behind enemy lines in France.
After World War II, demobilization led to the vast majority of serving women being returned to civilian life. Law 625, The Women's Armed Services Act of 1948, was signed by President Truman, allowing women to serve in the U.S. Armed Forces in fully integrated units during peacetime, with only the WAC remaining a separate female unit. During the Korean War of 1950–1953, many women served in the Mobile Army Surgical Hospitals, with women serving in Korea numbering 120,000 during the conflict. During the Vietnam War, 600 women served in the country as part of the Air Force, along with 500 members of the WAC and over 6,000 medical personnel and support staff. The Ordnance Corps began accepting female missile technicians in 1974[42] and female crewmembers and officers were accepted into Field Artillery missile units.[43][44]
In 1974, the first six women naval aviators earned their wings as Navy pilots. The congressionally mandated prohibition on women in combat places limitations on the pilots' advancement,[45] but at least two retired as captains.[46] In 1989, Captain Linda L. Bray, 29, became the first woman to command American soldiers in battle during the invasion of Panama. The 1991 Gulf War proved to be the pivotal time for the role of women in the U.S. Armed Forces to come to the attention of the world media; there are many reports of women engaging enemy forces during the conflict.[47]
In the 2000s, women can serve on U.S. combat ships, including in command roles. They are permitted to serve on submarines.[48] Women can fly military aircraft and make up 2% of all pilots in the U.S. Military. In 2003, Major Kim Campbell was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross for landing her combat damaged A-10 Thunderbolt II with no hydraulic control and only one functional engine after being struck by hostile fire over Baghdad.
On 3 December 2015, U.S. defense secretary Ashton Carter announced that all military combat jobs would become available to women.[49] This gave women access to the roughly 10% of military jobs which were previously closed off due to their combat nature.[50] The decision gave military services until January 2016 to seek exceptions to the rule if they believe that certain jobs, such as machine gunners, should be restricted to men only.[51] These restrictions were due in part to prior studies which stated that mixed gender units are less capable in combat.[52] Physical requirements for all jobs remained unchanged, though.[52] Many women believe this will allow for them to improve their positions in the military, since most high-ranking officers start in combat positions. Since women are now available to work in any position in the military, female entry into the draft has been proposed.[53]
Sergeant Leigh Ann Hester became the first woman to receive the Silver Star, the third-highest U.S. decoration for valor, for direct participation in combat. In Afghanistan, Monica Lin Brown was presented the Silver Star for shielding wounded soldiers with her body.[54] In March 2012, the U.S. military had two women, Ann E. Dunwoody and Janet C. Wolfenbarger, with the rank of four-star general.[55][56] In 2016, Air Force General Lori Robinson became the first female officer to command a major Unified Combatant Command (USNORTHCOM) in the history of the United States Armed Forces.[57]
Despite concerns of a gender gap, all personnel both men and women at the same rank and time of service are compensated the same rate across all branches.[58]
A study conducted by the RAND Corporation also suggests that women who make the military their career see an improved rate of promotion, as they climb through the military ranks at a faster rate.[59]
Under current Department of Defense regulation, the various components of the U.S. Armed Forces have a set order of seniority. Examples of the use of this system include the display of service flags, placement of soldiers, marines, sailors, airmen and coast guardsmen in formation, etc. When the Coast Guard shall operate as part of the Department of the Navy, United States Coast Guard Academy cadets, the United States Coast Guard and the Coast Guard Reserve shall take precedence after United States Naval Academy midshipmen; the United States Navy; and Navy Reserve, respectively.[60]
Cadets, U.S. Military Academy
Midshipmen, U.S. Naval Academy
Cadets, U.S. Coast Guard Academy (when part of the Department of the Navy)
Cadets, U.S. Air Force Academy
Cadets, U.S. Coast Guard Academy (when part of the Department of Homeland Security)
Midshipmen, U.S. Merchant Marine Academy
United States Coast Guard (when part of the Department of the Navy)
United States Coast Guard (when part of Department of the Homeland Security)
Army National Guard of the United States
United States Army Reserve
United States Marine Corps Reserve
United States Navy Reserve
United States Coast Guard Reserve (when part of the Department of the Navy)
Air National Guard of the United States
United States Air Force Reserve
United States Coast Guard Reserve (when part of the Department of Homeland Security)
Other training and auxiliary organizations of the Army, Marine Corps, Merchant Marine, Civil Air Patrol and Coast Guard Auxiliary, as in the preceding order. The CAP was constituted through the Administrative Order 9 of 1 December 1941 and operated under the U.S. Army Air Forces during World War II. The CAP became the official civilian auxiliary of the newly independent USAF with the enactment of Public Law 80-557 on 26 May 1948.
Note: While the U.S. Navy is older than the Marine Corps,[61] the Marine Corps takes precedence due to previous inconsistencies in the Navy's birth date. The Marine Corps has recognized its observed birth date on a more consistent basis. The Second Continental Congress is considered to have established the Navy on 13 October 1775 by authorizing the purchase of ships, but did not actually pass the "Rules for the Regulation of the Navy of the United Colonies" until 27 November 1775.[62] The Marine Corps was established by act of said Congress on 10 November 1775. The Navy did not officially recognize 13 October 1775 as its birth date until 1972, when then–chief of naval operations Admiral Elmo Zumwalt authorized it to be observed as such.[61]
Awards and decorations of the United States Armed Forces
Full-spectrum dominance
List of active United States military aircraft
List of currently active United States military land vehicles
List of currently active United States military watercraft
Military expression
National Guard of the United States
Provisional Army of the United States
Public opinion of militaries
Servicemembers' Group Life Insurance
Sexual orientation and gender identity in the United States military
State Defense Force
Tricare – Health care plan for the U.S. uniformed services
United States military casualties of war
United States military veteran suicide
United States Space Force
Women in the United States Air Force
Women in the United States Army
Women in the United States Coast Guard
Women in the United States Marines
Women in the United States Navy
With the establishment of the Continental Army.
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Department of Defense regulation detailing Order of precedence: DoD Directive 1005.8, 31 October 1977 and also in law at Title 10, United States Code, Section 133.
Army regulation detailing Order of Precedence: AR 840-10, 1 November 1998
Marine Corps regulation on Order of Precedence: NAVMC 2691, Marine Corps Drill and Ceremonies Manual, Part II, Ceremonies, Chapter 12-1.
Navy regulation detailing Order of Precedence: U.S. Navy Regulations, Chapter 12, Flags, Pennants, Honors, Ceremonies and Customs.
Air Force regulation detailing Order of Precedence: AFMAN 36-2203, Drill and Ceremonies, 3 June 1996, Chapter 7, Section A.
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text:
Fairy Tales, Myths & Fables
The Bomb Maker
By Thomas Perry
Genre: Mysteries & Thrillers
4 Score: 4 (From 26 Ratings)
Buy on itunes Buy on Amazon
A bomb is more than a weapon. A bomb is an expression of the bomber's predictions of human behavior—a performance designed to fool you into making one fatally wrong move. In The Bomb Maker, Thomas Perry introduces us to the dark corners of a mind intent on transforming a simple machine into an act of murder—and to those committed to preventing that outcome at any cost.
A threat is called into the LAPD Bomb Squad and when tragedy ensues, the fragmented unit turns to Dick Stahl, a former Bomb Squad commander who now operates his own private security company. Just returned from a tough job in Mexico, Stahl is at first reluctant to accept the offer, but his sense of duty to the technicians he trained is too strong to turn it down. On his first day back at the head of the squad, Stahl's three-person team is dispatched to a suspected car bomb. And it quickly becomes clear to him that they are dealing with an unusual mastermind—one whose intended target seems to be the Bomb Squad itself.
As the shadowy organization sponsoring this campaign of violence puts increasing pressure on the bomb maker, and Stahl becomes dangerously entangled with a member of his own team, the fuse on this high-stakes plot only burns faster. The Bomb Maker is Thomas Perry's biggest, most unstoppable thriller yet.
By Ellebeebee
Unfortunately, a big — and expensive — disappointment. Starts strong in the digital "sample" but degrades fast and ends with a unsatisfying thud. Perry is an uneven writer — loved Butcher's Boy — but this one is the other end of his quality spectrum. I debated about spending nearly twice the usual price of a new digital book by a best selling author (see price of upcoming Michael Connelly) but did it and now experiencing buyer's remorse.
By Chixinger
More by Thomas Perry
The Butcher's Boy
Thomas Perry
The Informant
Dance for the Dead
Metzger's Dog
Shadow Woman
The Face-Changers
Dead Aim
Copyright © 2019 A Love Affair With Books.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
TOP > Nissan Reports > Nissan Navara launches in China, setting new benchmark
Nissan Navara launches in China, setting new benchmark
Zhengzhou, China – June 16 – Sales of the all-new Navara pick-up kicked off in China with a ceremony in Zhengzhou.
This high-end pick-up, which matches off-road performance with the refinement of an SUV, is set to create a new standard at the top end of the segment.
The Navara, which first debuted in China at the Shanghai Motor Show 2017 and is manufactured for the market in partnership with Zhengzhou Nissan Automobile, is now available in 133 markets around the world. The addition of China gives the vehicle – the 12th generation of Nissan pick-up – a true global presence.
"The Nissan Navara is a proven success in markets around the world and is now poised to set a new standard for pick-up in China," said Ashwani Gupta, senior vice president for Nissan's light commercial vehicle business. "The Navara's high-end features will guarantee a new, elevated driving experience – both for individual owners and commercial users, alike."
For the Chinese market, the Navara targets not only the commercial vehicle customer but also the private owner, due to the SUV-like level of quality, design and performance. Safe and comfortable driving combine with low-fuel consumption and attractive styling to bring an entirely new driving experience to the personal pick-up segment.
The new Navara will be available in eight variants, with 2WD and 4WD drivetrains and a choice of transmission grades including automatic and manual, ensuring it's just as comfortable on the highways and cities as it is performing off-road. It's powered by Nissan's tough and durable QR25 engine, which has 135 kw of power and 251 Nm of maximum torque.
The modern and powerful exterior design features Nissan's signature V-motion grille and LED headlamps – unique to the segment.
The spacious interior pairs with a refined drive and ride quality, and high-end features including automatic constant-temperature air conditioning and a back-row air outlet.
Backed by Nissan's 84-year manufacturing experience, and Zhengzhou Nissan's 24-year experience building pick-ups in China, the launch of the iconic Navara will set a new standard in the high-end pick-up segment in China.
China Dongfeng Nissan Japan Nissan Frontier Nissan Navara Pickup Production Renault-Nissan Alliance Sales Shanghai Motor Show SUV Zhengzhou Nissan Automobile


The Ancient Mariner. Made from 100% British grain this London made gin has a smoothness married to a lovely Juniper aroma. Inspired by the Coleridge's masterpiece, Ancient Mariner Gin recalls one of the most memorable poems in the English language. From the terrifying space of the open ocean, the storms and whirlpools of an unknown sea, the vast icy caverns of Antarctica and to the hot equatorial seas swarming with monsters, all these visual elements combined with the magnificent engravings of Gustave Dore, have made a lasting impression with mariners throughout the world both at publication in 1798 to this very day. The haunting story of the Ancient Mariner who shoots the Albatross, bird of good omen, still resonates with thoughts of good and bad luck with sailors everywhere.
Botanicals; This is a very simple, clean gin using just four botanicals: juniper, coriander, angelica and savory.
Features; Nose: Herbal nose with tangy fresh juniper & hints of oily spices. Palate: Earthy juniper delivery. Dry and crisp, with a good interplay between the other botanicals. Hints of citrus develop. Finish: Peppery finish.


text:
Johann Jakob Fugger (* 23. Dezember 1516 in Augsburg; † 14. Juli 1575 in München) (auch: Hans Jakob) war ein Mitglied der bekannten Kaufmannsfamilie der Fugger.
Er war der Sohn von Raymund Fugger von der Lilie (1489–1535) und dessen Frau Katharina  (1488–1535), Tochter des Montanunternehmers Johann I. Thurzo. Sein Bruder Ulrich Fugger (1526–1584) war päpstlicher Kämmerer.

Leben
Wie schon sein Vater und sein Bruder war er ein bekannter Förderer der Künste und Wissenschaften. So holte er, wohl auf Tizians Rat, dessen Schüler Antonio Ponzano († 1602) nach Augsburg. Dort malte dieser die Fresken der inneren Räume des Fuggerpalastes. Die  Außenwände und der innere Hof waren bereits von Hans Burckmair dem Jüngeren (1500–1562) und Albrecht Altdorfer mit herrlichen Fresken geschmückt worden. Ein anderer Maler, Jacopo Strada, war als Agent für ihn in Italien tätig. Er erbte von seinem Onkel Anton Fugger das Geschäft, aber er war nicht von Glück begünstigt und kam durch den Staatsbankrott von Spanien in große Bedrängnis, da die Fugger Karl V. viel Geld geliehen hatten. So verließ er das Geschäft, nachdem er bis auf seine Bibliothek alles verkaufen musste, und übergab es seinem Vetter Marcus (1529–1597). Dieser konnte das Unternehmen wieder konsolidieren.

Johann Jakob trat 1565 in die Dienste des Herzogs Albrecht V. von Bayern und wurde später dessen Kammerpräsident.

Er hatte eine bedeutende Bibliothek, die von 1551 bis 1557 von Hieronymus Wolf als Bibliothekar betreut wurde. 1571 verkaufte er sie an Albrecht V. von Bayern, der daraus die Münchener Hofbibliothek und damit den Grundstock für die Bayerische Staatsbibliothek schuf.

Denkmal

Seinem Andenken ist das von König Ludwig I. von Bayern errichtete Fuggerdenkmal, ein Standbild in der Augsburger Altstadt gewidmet. Das Denkmal steht auf einer verbreiterten Knickstelle in der Philippine-Welser-Straße vor dem Maximilianmuseum. Der Platz erhielt 2009 den Namen Fuggerplatz. Zuvor galt er als Teil der Philippine-Welser-Straße.

Werke
Johann Jakob Fugger gilt auch als Autor der "Wahrhaftigen Beschreibung des österreichischen und habsburgischen Rahmens, Herkommens, Geschlechte, Fortpflanzung"; Sigmund von Birken lieferte 1668 eine Kopie  davon unter dem Namen: "Spiegel der Ehren des höchstlöblichen Kayser- und Königlichen Ertzhauses Oesterreich".

Familie

Johann Jakob Fugger war zweimal verheiratet.

Er ehelichte 1540 seine erste Frau Ursula von Harrach (1522–1554). Das Paar hatte folgende Kinder:
 Siguna  Eleonora (1541–1576); ⚭ 1558 Freiherr Sigmund von Lamberg (1536–1619); die Eltern von Johann Jakob von Lamberg
 Sigmund (1542–1600)
 Karl (1543–1580); ⚭ Anna Starkh
 Alexander Secundus (1546–1612), Dompropst in Freising
 Viktor August (1547–1586), Domherr in Passau
 Justina Benigna (1548–1600), Freiin zu Altkainach; ⚭ 1573 Friedrich von Holleneck († 1593)
 Maximilian (1550–1588), Deutschordenscomptur in Sterzing; ⚭ 1547 Anna von Egkh
 Severin (1551–1601), Herr zu Schwabmünchen; ⚭ 1583 Katharina von Helfenstein (1563–1627)
 Ferdinand (1552–1580)

Nach dem Tod seiner ersten Frau heiratete er 1560 Sidonia von Colaus genannt Wazler († 1572). Das Paar hatte folgende Kinder:

 Adalberta (1560–1611); ⚭ 1582 Freiherr Christoph von Welsperg († 1634)
 Alexius (1562–1623), Herr von Adelshofen; ⚭ 1593 Maria von Gumppenberg (1570–1613)
 Joachim (1563–1607), Herr von Taufkirchen und Altenerding; ⚭ 1590 Gräfin Magdalen von Helfenstein (1562–1622)
 Aemilia (1564–1611); ⚭ 1582 Freiherr Alexander von und zu Sprinzenstein († 1597)
 Albrecht (1565–1624); ⚭ 1600 Katharina von Gumppenberg (1581–1661)
 Alfons (1567–1569)
 Constantia (1568–1594); ⚭ 1592 Bernhardin II. von Herberstein Reichsfreiherr zu Neuberg und Gutenhag (1566–1624)
 Konstantin I. (1569–1627), Herr zu Zinnenberg; ⚭ 1597 Anna Maria Münich von Münchhausen
 Trajan (1571–1609), Herr von Untersulmentingen; ⚭ 1596 Regina von Freyberg
 Matthias (1572–1603); ⚭ Anna Jakobäa von Köckritz († 1600)

Literatur

Weblinks

 Familie von Johann Fugger
 Stammbaum

Einzelnachweise

Unternehmer (Augsburg)
Unternehmer (16. Jahrhundert)
Bibliophiler
Bankier
Johann Jakob Fugger
Graf (HRR)
Person (Kirchheim in Schwaben)
Geboren 1516
Gestorben 1575
Mann

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
The Donohue Highway is a  mostly unpaved outback track that leads through the northern foothills of the Simpson Desert in Queensland to Tobermorey Homestead, Northern Territory near the Northern Territory/Queensland border in Australia.

The road branches from the Diamantina Developmental Road   north-west of Boulia and proceeds towards the Northern Territory. The Georgina River is at about the 166 km mark and 83 km further is Tobermorey, a town with 20 inhabitants. From here the trail continues as the Plenty Highway towards Alice Springs. The route is mostly unpaved and marked by corrugations, deep potholes and bulldust (fine red desert dust). However, in 2009 further development in the form of river crossings were initially attached and further parts of the road are paved. Despite the improvements to the track, it is often impassable after heavy rain.

In 2016 a section of the road was widened to add a passing lane and to act as an emergency landing strip for the Royal Flying Doctor Service.

The Donohue Highway along its entire length forms part of the Outback Highway, which runs 2,800 km through central Australia.

Upgrades

Paving and sealing
A project to pave and seal sections of the road, at a cost of $10.48 million, was completed in June 2021.

Major intersections
This route has no major intersections.

See also

 Highways in Australia

References

Roads in Queensland
Highways in Queensland
Roads in the Northern Territory
Central West Queensland


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Yung Bleu's Manager Mike Anthony Is Gearing Up To Start A Music Publishing Company
Editor Picks, Featured, MUSIC
Mike Anthony from Mobile, Alabama is the CEO of MA Music and manages Yung Bleu, the artist behind the hit song "You're Mines Still" featuring Drake. From a young age, Mike has always been a music head. Growing up, he listened to Old School R&B and Soul Music, but had no idea that it would lead him into the music industry. Yung Bleu and Mike met about seven years ago, however he didn't know much about the industry. Initially, he just wanted to invest and support Yung Bleu because he believed in him and his vision. But Yung Bleu wanted Mike to become his manager.
Since taking on Yung Bleu as an artist, Mike has learned so much about the music business. "What might work for one artist might not work for another, so you have to learn as you go and continue to learn," he stated. As a manager, Mike is very laid back and is always keeping up with what's happening behind the scenes. He explained his management style, stating that he lets his artists control their own image and creativity because it allows them to be themselves. On the other hand, he focuses on business administration, recordings, bookings, etc. When Mike is looking for a new artist to work with, he likes to work with the underdog – an artist with a vision others can't see. An artist with a passion for music and someone willing to give it their all. When he signs an artist, he believes it's essential to get to know them and build trust and loyalty. "It's not just about the music or shoving a contract in your face. We have to have trust and loyalty, like a family."
This may be your first time hearing about Mike Anthony, but this year, expect to see and hear a lot more about him. The possibilities are endless for Mike. Although he focuses on management, be on the lookout for his new music publishing company coming soon and follow him on Instagram @MAmusic to stay connected and informed.
Kalisha Perera April 5, 2021
Rapper Kodak Black's Security Guard In Hospital After They Were Shot At In Tallahassee
Meet Independent Artist Vae Day


text:
Man found murdered in Dorset named by police
Written by First Choice Radio on 8 January 2022
He died on Tuesday
A man found murdered in Dorset has been named as Edward Reeve.
The seriously injured body of Mr Reeve, 35, was found by police in Christchurch on Tuesday, leading to the launch of a murder investigation.
On Friday Dorset Police said a 16-year-old was assisting detectives with their inquiries.
Later on Friday, the force said a second 16-year-old boy was arrested on suspicion of murder.
Police are still asking anyone who was in the Heath Road area of Christchurch between Saturday and Tuesday, and saw "any suspicious activity or anything out of the ordinary", to contact them.
Detectives are also asking any residents in the Heath Road vicinity with home CCTV systems or dashcam footage from vehicles that were in the area during the timeframe to check their film.
Detective Inspector Simon Huxter, of the major crime investigation team, said: "We are continuing to support Edward's family and keep them updated with our investigation, which remains ongoing.
"I am appealing to anyone who knew Edward to please come forward as they may have important information to assist our investigation.
"Our appeal also still stands for residents and motorists in the area of Heath Road to please check any CCTV systems or dashcam footage from Saturday 1 January to Tuesday 4 January 2022 and to report any suspicious activity they may have witnessed during this time period.
"Officers remain in the area carrying out inquiries and can be approached by members of the community with any information or concerns."
Anyone with information is asked to contact the force at www.dorset.police.uk, via email 101@dorset.pnn.police.uk, by calling 101 or anonymously via Crimestoppers and quoting occurrence number 55220001688.
Covid generation will look back on pandemic like evacuees of war
Teachers union calls on Government to address ethnicity pay gap


text:
In the data center, translating a client's value proposition for practitioners into a story that earns the attention of business leaders hinges on a strong strategy and relentless execution in media.
ExtraHop is an IT analytics company that analyzes every digital transaction on the network, detects patterns and anomalies and delivers actionable insights to IT teams – and competes with the largest incumbents in enterprise IT. Revere helped the company establish its thought leadership in its core network performance business, while taking a beachhead in the crowded, fast-paced security space. Our strategy to communicate news, POVs and thought leadership research is earned-centric, social by design — our stories meet the high bar of journalists but are designed from the outset with a social element to help them spread.
By aligning with mainstream industry conversations, the Revere team runs successful media and social campaigns that transcend the typical data and networking news cycles. In 2017, ExtraHop prepared to announce a new product, Addy, which used machine learning to detect anomalous behavior in real time.
As opposed to leaning on the purely technical specs, the Revere team positioned ExtraHop Addy as "the digital assistant for IT," even referring to it as "Alexa for IT" in a signature story — an op-ed by ExtraHop CEO Arif Kareem in VentureBeat.
And as ExtraHop was just beginning to enter the security space last year, the Revere team jumped on the massive WannaCry attacks to secure high-level thought leadership and commentary about network security and artificial intelligence in publications such as Fox News Tech and Dark Reading.


Oakville's vision is to be the most livable town in Canada. It keeps that vision going forward through the wide variety of municipal services it provides. Oakville also has a vibrant arts scene that binds the community together through creativity.
Our business is appliance repair, but there's creativity in the way we run things as well as how we work together as a team. Our repair technicians have invested a lot of time over the years working with all the major appliance brands. They've built up a solid knowledge base of both old and new models, along with all their features. In turn, we help them do their job by managing an extensive inventory system of common appliance parts. We collaborate seamlessly so that there's never any downtime waiting for parts to arrive while you get a repaired appliance often on the same day. We even train our repair technicians with the best practices in customer service to ensure each repair job is as friendly as it is rapid. By calling us, you get peace of mind at fair and affordable prices.
Our appliance repair Oakville location provides emergency appliance repairs that also cover Burlington and Milton. At Speedy Appliance Repair, speed is literally in our name. We move fast so you can get your appliance and lifestyle back, ASAP. Call us now and we'll be right on over!


text:
Otto Sander, född 30 juni 1941 i Hannover, Tyska riket, död 12 september 2013 i Berlin, Tyskland, var en tysk skådespelare. Sander började utbilda sig till skådespelare 1964 och gjorde professionell scendebut året därpå på Düsseldorf Kammerspiele. Samtidigt började han medverka i tysk film. Till Sanders kändaste filmroller hör Philip Thomsen i Wolfgang Petersens Ubåten samt en av änglarna, Cassiel i Wim Wenders två filmer Himmel över Berlin och Fjärran, så nära! . På grund av sin distinkta röst anlitades han också ofta som berättare i filmer och ljudböcker.

Filmografi, urval

 (röst, tysk version)

Källor
Otto Sander på filmportal.de (på engelska)

Externa länkar

Tyska skådespelare under 1900-talet
Tyska skådespelare under 2000-talet
Födda 1941
Avlidna 2013
Män
Skådespelare från Hannover


text:
We're Not Sure About This New Good Charlotte & Waka Flocka Flame Song
8 July 2015, 11:12 | Updated: 8 May 2017, 17:09
By Alim Kheraj
"Game On" is taken from the upcoming movie "Pixels", which looks, erm, interesting.
It seems that Good Charlotte are back, and this time it's with Waka Flocka Flame for a movie about pac man. We know, right?!
While Good Charlotte might have announced their hiatus in 2011, both Joel and Benji went it alone forming The Madden Brothers and releasing an album, Greetings From California, last year.
What we didn't expect was the group to reform for a guest spot on Waka Flocka Flame's song "Game On", taken from the upcoming movie Pixels.
Pixels follows the story of aliens who attack earth with video game characters after they misinterpret video game footage for a declaration of war and stars Adam Sandler and Kevin Jones. Make of that what you will.
In terms of the song, we're not 100% sure what to make of it. It's simultaneously catchy yet obtusely aggressive, and Good Charlotte and Waka Flocka Flame's chemistry is almost non-existent. Maybe it's a foreshadowing for the movie...
Regardless, it's nice to have Good Charlotte back. Let's just hope that next time it sounds a bit more like "Girls and Boys"
Watch the glitchy for Waka Flocka Flame's "Game On" featuring Good Charlotte below and let us know your thoughts please :)
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I arrived in Miami Beach this past Sunday feeling wildly uncomfortable in my pale, loose skin, and didn't recover any sort of internal equilibrium until I joined a group of fellow New Yorkers at the Aventura Mall, a massive shopping complex at a safe distance from the beach. Outside, it was all sunshine and hard bodies visible through see-through clothing, but inside the mall, there was a Zara, and a Blue Bottle coffee shop, and women wearing jeans and long-sleeves.
I was at the mall for the opening of Carsten Höller's Aventura Slide Tower, a 9-story site-specific installation that looks as if it had been lifted from the 1964 World's Fair site in Flushing Meadows Park, Queens. Looming in the sky just at the edge of the mall's recent expansion, it joins an impressive collection of contemporary artworks commissioned or purchased by the mall's management company, including Gorillas In the Mist by the Haas Brothers, a series of water fountains shaped like gigantic cartoonish apes; Moonrise, East by Ugo Rondinone, a series of three grimacing busts installed between the Zara and the Topshop; and Eye Benches by Louise Bourgeois, two benches shaped like eyes upon which children, unaware they were in the presence of the liminal, lounged casually.
Gorillas in the Mist by the Haas Brothers.
Installing art in the mall is a way for culture to reach the masses — it's also a draw for the sorts of high-end consumers that populate Art Basel, a classy event in a town that also hosted, this past weekend, rapper Gucci Mane's birthday party.
On the day I visited the mall, the artwork had drawn some bona fide celebrities, including Chloë Sevigny, Karolína Kurková, and Harmony Korine, the director of Spring Breakers. Like me, they were there to attend the event celebrating the unveiling of recently commissioned artworks, including Höller's slide.
I can't speak for them, because introductions did not foment conversations, but I assume that the event was like no other art opening they had ever been to. It was certainly not like any I have attended, mostly because it was so much fun. There were roaming magicians performing card tricks, and flash dancers who performed with unfettered joy, and mimes soaking themselves in the Haas Brothers' fountains. The music that blasted from the loud speakers included all of the top pop hits from the last decade, and in the time I wasn't talking to someone, I enjoyed sitting on a bench, and bopping my head along to the beat. The vibe was something between a toddler's birthday party and an episode of My Crazy Ex-Girlfriend.
I assured him that I could, and giggled nervously. The truth was that Höller looked even more awkward in the context than I felt — based in Stockholm, he has a serious, intellectual European look about him — and I so desperately wanted him to like me. Chloë Sevigny was at the event because she is a close personal friend of Höller's. Beyond his obvious coolness, there is something really sweet and goofy about the artist, who professed to me that he keeps songbirds in his home in Stockholm to keep the darkness of winter at bay. "I trick them into singing a few months early," he told me.
A view of the slide from below.
The installation is Höller's first permanent slide tower in the United States, but far from the first slide he's built — they have existed around the world, in locations such as Miuccia Prada's offices in Milan, and in the Turbine Hall at the Tate Modern in London. When I professed that I screamed on my trip down the one in Miami, which looms 93 feet in the air, and brings passengers up to speeds of 15 MPH, he smiled, and said that this was appropriate. "My last name is Höller, after all," he joked.
On the day of the opening, just as many adults ascended the swirling staircase of the installation as did children. Chloë Sevigny, clad in a bubblegum pink dress, went up three times. As if aware the structure might be dangerous, a flock of turkey vultures circled air above the site, waiting for an accident to deliver them a meal.
Chloë Sevigny after a run.
When I asked Höller if he had done the math for the engineering of the structure, which consists of 2 opposing chutes that bring passengers down to the ground in clockwise and counterclockwise directions, he laughed. "If I was able to do that, I would be very proud of myself," he said.
In school, he noted, he studied plant pathology. He could tell me all about plant diseases and pests, but engineering was not his forte. He is, after all, an artist. The idea, not the execution, is where he thrives.
Höller's Aventura Slide Tower is open to the public on Monday through Saturday from 10am-5pm, and Sunday from 12pm-5pm. For more information, visit the mall's website.


text:
EVANGELIUM VITAE JUAN PABLO II PDF
La enseñanza del Papa Juan Pablo II sobre la enfermedad y la muerte no sólo surgió de sus .. i Evangelium Vitae (El Evangelio de la Vida), , no. 7. ii. Carta encíclica Evangelium vitae [PAPA JUAN PABLO II] on *FREE * shipping on qualifying offers. Esta nueva encíclica de Juan Pablo II. Evangelium vitae [Juan Pablo II] on *FREE* shipping on qualifying offers. Madrid. 20 cm. p. Encuadernación en tapa blanda de editorial.
Author: Melkis Gabei
Genre: Technology
Uploader: Julkis
This "new heart" will make it possible to appreciate and achieve the deepest and most authentic meaning of life: Today too, by looking upon the one who was pierced, every person whose life is threatened encounters the sure hope of finding freedom and redemption.
The Gospel of Life: Evangelium Vitae by John Paul II | LibraryThing
Death is swallowed up in victory'. All who commit themselves to following Christ are given the vtae of life: Afterwards, the Roman soldier "pierced his uuan with a spear, and at once there came out blood and water" Jn Yet from the beginning, faced with the many and often tragic cases which occur in the life of individuals and society, Christian reflection has sought a fuller and deeper understanding of what God's commandment prohibits and prescribes.
The Gospel of Life: The Prophets point an accusing finger at those who show contempt for life and violate people's rights: According to these theologians, these four teachings are not examples of papal infallibilitybut are examples of the infallibility of the ordinary and universal Magisterium. These attacks go directly against respect for life and they represent a direct threat to the entire culture of human rights.
The history of Israel shows how difficult it is to remain faithful to the Law of life which God has inscribed in human hearts and which he gave on Sinai to the people of the Covenant.
Various considerations usually contribute to such a decision, all of which converge in the same terrible outcome. Esto es simple y llanamente falso.
JAMES PENTON APOCALYPSE DELAYED PDF
We cannot but think of today's tendency for people to refuse to accept responsibility for their brothers and sisters. Especially in the events of the Exodus, the centre of the Old Testament faith experience, Israel discovered the preciousness of its life in the eyes of God. The Gospel of life is something concrete and personal, for it consists in the proclamation of the very person of Jesus.
Thus Israel does not see in the history of peoples and in the destiny of individuals the outcome of mere chance or of blind fate, but rather the results of a loving plan by which God brings together all the possibilities of life and opposes the powers of death arising from sin: Then the Lord said to Cain,? We see this attested in the many biblical passages which respectfully and lovingly speak of conception, of the forming of life in the mother's womb, of giving birth and of the intimate connection between the initial moment of life and the action of God the Creator.
Thus, in relation to life at birth or at death, man is no longer capable of posing the question of the truest meaning of his own existence, nor can he assimilate with genuine freedom these crucial moments of his own history.
El Papa Juan Pablo II: La Muerte con Dignidad
He thus gave him a distinctive sign, not to condemn him to the bitae of others, but to protect and defend him from those wishing to kill him, even out of a desire to avenge Abel's death.
Cain tries to cover up his crime with a lie. Faced with the contradictions of life, faith is challenged to respond.
In this way, any reference to common values and to a truth absolutely binding on everyone is lost, and social life ventures on to the shifting evangelikm of complete relativism.
It is precisely this blood that is the most powerful source of hope, indeed it is the foundation of the absolute certitude that in God's plan life will be victorious.
KLEINES LEHRBUCH DER ASTRONOMIE UND ASTROPHYSIK PDF
How did such a situation come about? Nothing helps us so much to face positively the conflict between death and life vitaw which we are engaged as faith in the Son of God who became man and dwelt among men so "that they may have life, vitqe have it abundantly" Jn Contraception, sterilization and abortion are certainly part of the reason why in some cases there is a sharp decline in the birthrate.
Life is entrusted to man as a treasure which must not be squandered, as a talent which must be used well. He admonishes him, reminding him of his freedom in the face of evil: Male and female he created them, and he blessed them and called them man when they were ebangelium.
Through it, Israel comes to learn that whenever its existence is threatened it need only turn to God with renewed trust in order to find in him effective help: Pope John Paul II. How can we fail to appreciate the universal anguish of man when we meditate on the Book of Job? When, in accordance with their principles, such movements act resolutely, but without resorting to violence, they promote a wider and more profound consciousness of the value of vtiae, and evoke and bring about a more determined commitment to its defence.
In this way democracy, contradicting its own principles, effectively moves towards a form of totalitarianism. With Jesus these positive requirements assume new force and urgency, and are revealed in all their breadth and depth: If you do well, will you not be accepted? From the beginning, the living Tradition of the Church-as shown by the Didache, the most ancient non-biblical Christian writing-categorically repeated the commandment "You shall not kill":
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text:
Why and How To Create a Marketing Plan: A Step By Step Guide
by David Lorenzo | Oct 18, 2021 | Marketing Plan
Why and How To Create a Marketing Plan: A Step By Step Guide Audio Podcast Why and How To Create a Marketing Plan: A Step By Step Guide by Dave Lorenzo...