text:
use core::char;
use core::slice;

pub mod tables;
use tables::Search;
pub use tables::{
    BidiClass,
    BidiPairedBracketType,
    DecompositionType,
    EastAsianWidth,
    GraphemeClusterBreak,
    HangulSyllableType,
    IndicPositionalCategory,
    IndicSyllabicCategory,
    JoiningGroup,
    JoiningType,
    LinebreakClass,
    NumericType,
    Script,
    SentenceBreak,
    Trilean,
    UnicodeBlock,
    UnicodeCategory,
    WordBreak
};

// for use with numeric_value
#[derive(Clone,Copy,Eq,PartialEq,Debug,Ord,PartialOrd)]
pub enum Number {
    Integer(i64),
    Rational(i32,u32)
}

fn cp_decode((c1,c2,c3): (u8,u8,u8)) -> char {
    let c = (c1 as u32)*65536 + (c2 as u32)*256 + (c3 as u32);
    unsafe { char::from_u32_unchecked(c) }
}

enum CharIterInternal {
    Iterator(slice::Iter<'static, (u8,u8,u8)>),
    Double(char, char),
    Single(char),
    Exhausted
}

pub struct CharIter(CharIterInternal);

impl CharIter {
    pub fn new(osl: Option<&'static [(u8,u8,u8)]>, cp: char) -> CharIter {
        CharIter(match osl {
            Some(sl) => CharIterInternal::Iterator(sl.iter()),
            None => CharIterInternal::Single(cp)
        })
    }

    pub fn hangul(a: char, b: char) -> CharIter {
        CharIter(CharIterInternal::Double(a, b))
    }
}

impl Iterator for CharIter {
    type Item = char;

    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<char> {
        match self.0 {
            CharIterInternal::Iterator(ref mut it) => it.next().map(|c| cp_decode(*c)),
            CharIterInternal::Double(a, b) => {
                self.0 = CharIterInternal::Single(b);
                Some(a)
            },
            CharIterInternal::Single(c) => {
                self.0 = CharIterInternal::Exhausted;
                Some(c)
            },
            CharIterInternal::Exhausted => None
        }
    }

    fn size_hint(&self) -> (usize, Option<usize>) {
        match self.0 {
            CharIterInternal::Iterator(ref it) => it.size_hint(),
            CharIterInternal::Double(_, _) => (2, Some(2)),
            CharIterInternal::Single(_) => (1, Some(1)),
            CharIterInternal::Exhausted => (0, Some(0))
        }
    }
}

pub trait Codepoint where Self: core::marker::Sized {
    // general
    fn age(self) -> Option<(u8,u8)>;
    fn block(self) -> Option<UnicodeBlock>;
    fn category(self) -> UnicodeCategory;
    fn codepoint(self) -> char;
    fn iso_comment(self) -> &'static str;

    // function and appearance
    fn is_alphabetic(self) -> bool;
    fn is_alphabetic_other(self) -> bool;
    fn is_dash(self) -> bool;
    fn is_default_ignorable(self) -> bool;
    fn is_default_ignorable_other(self) -> bool;
    fn is_deprecated(self) -> bool;
    fn is_diacritic(self) -> bool;
    fn is_extender(self) -> bool;
    fn is_hex_digit(self) -> bool;
    fn is_hex_digit_ascii(self) -> bool;
    fn is_hyphen(self) -> bool;
    fn is_logical_order_exception(self) -> bool;
    fn is_math(self) -> bool;
    fn is_math_other(self) -> bool;
    fn is_noncharacter(self) -> bool;
    fn is_preprended_concatenation_mark(self) -> bool;
    fn is_quotation_mark(self) -> bool;
    fn is_sentence_terminal(self) -> bool;
    fn is_soft_dotted(self) -> bool;
    fn is_terminal_punctuation(self) -> bool;
    fn is_variation_selector(self) -> bool;
    fn is_whitespace(self) -> bool;

    // numeric
    fn numeric_type(self) -> Option<NumericType>;
    fn numeric_value(self) -> Option<Number>;

    // identifiers and syntax
    fn is_id_continue(self) -> bool;
    fn is_id_continue_nfkc(self) -> bool;
    fn is_id_continue_other(self) -> bool;
    fn is_id_start(self) -> bool;
    fn is_id_start_nfkc(self) -> bool;
    fn is_id_start_other(self) -> bool;
    fn is_pattern_syntax(self) -> bool;
    fn is_pattern_whitespace(self) -> bool;

    // scripts
    fn east_asian_width(self) -> EastAsianWidth;
    fn hangul_syllable_type(self) -> Option<HangulSyllableType>;
    fn jamo_short_name(self) -> Option<&'static str>;
    fn indic_positional_category(self) -> Option<IndicPositionalCategory>;
    fn indic_syllabic_category(self) -> IndicSyllabicCategory;
    fn is_ideograph(self) -> bool;
    fn is_ideograph_description_sequence_binary_operator(self) -> bool;
    fn is_ideograph_description_sequence_radical(self) -> bool;
    fn is_ideograph_description_sequence_trinary_operator(self) -> bool;
    fn is_ideograph_unified(self) -> bool;
    fn join_control(self) -> bool;
    fn joining_group(self) -> JoiningGroup;
    fn joining_type(self) -> JoiningType;
    fn script(self) -> Option<Script>;
    fn script_extensions(self) -> Option<&'static [Script]>;

    // bidirectionality
    fn bidi_class(self) -> BidiClass;
    fn bidi_is_control(self) -> bool;
    fn bidi_is_mirrored(self) -> bool;
    fn bidi_mirror(self) -> Option<char>;
    fn bidi_paired_bracket(self) -> char;
    fn bidi_paired_bracket_type(self) -> Option<BidiPairedBracketType>;

    // case
    fn casefold(self) -> CharIter;
    fn casefold_nfkc(self) -> CharIter;
    fn casefold_nfkc_closure(self) -> CharIter;
    fn casefold_simple(self) -> char;
    fn changes_when_casefolded(self) -> bool;
    fn changes_when_casefolded_nfkc(self) -> bool;
    fn changes_when_casemapped(self) -> bool;
    fn changes_when_lowercased(self) -> bool;
    fn changes_when_titlecased(self) -> bool;
    fn changes_when_uppercased(self) -> bool;
    fn is_case_ignorable(self) -> bool;
    fn is_cased(self) -> bool;
    fn is_lowercase(self) -> bool;
    fn is_lowercase_other(self) -> bool;
    fn is_uppercase(self) -> bool;
    fn is_uppercase_other (self) -> bool;
    fn lowercase(self) -> CharIter;
    fn lowercase_simple(self) -> char;
    fn titlecase(self) -> CharIter;
    fn titlecase_simple(self) -> char;
    fn uppercase(self) -> CharIter;
    fn uppercase_simple(self) -> char;

    // normalisation
    fn canonical_combining_class(self) -> u8;
    fn decomposition_map(self) -> CharIter;
    fn decomposition_type(self) -> Option<DecompositionType>;
    fn excluded_from_composition(self) -> bool;
    fn excluded_from_composition_fully(self) -> bool;
    fn expands_on_nfc(self) -> bool;
    fn expands_on_nfd(self) -> bool;
    fn expands_on_nfkc(self) -> bool;
    fn expands_on_nfkd(self) -> bool;
    fn quick_check_nfc(self) -> Trilean;
    fn quick_check_nfd(self) -> bool;
    fn quick_check_nfkc(self) -> Trilean;
    fn quick_check_nfkd(self) -> bool;

    // segmentation
    fn grapheme_cluster_break(self) -> GraphemeClusterBreak;
    fn is_grapheme_base(self) -> bool;
    fn is_grapheme_extend(self) -> bool;
    fn is_grapheme_extend_other(self) -> bool;
    fn is_grapheme_link(self) -> bool;
    fn linebreak_class(self) -> Option<LinebreakClass>;
    fn sentence_break(self) -> SentenceBreak;
    fn word_break(self) -> WordBreak;

    // account for inbuilt char methods, which seem to be for unicode 8.0
    fn is_alpha(self) -> bool { Codepoint::is_alphabetic(self) }
    fn is_lower(self) -> bool { Codepoint::is_lowercase(self) }
    fn is_upper(self) -> bool { Codepoint::is_uppercase(self) }
    fn is_white(self) -> bool { Codepoint::is_whitespace(self) }
}

impl Codepoint for char {
    // general
    fn age(self) -> Option<(u8,u8)> {
        tables::UCD_AGE.search(self)
    }

    fn block(self) -> Option<UnicodeBlock> {
        tables::UCD_BLOCK.search(self)
    }

    fn category(self) -> UnicodeCategory {
        tables::UCD_CAT.search(self)
            .unwrap_or(UnicodeCategory::Unassigned)
    }

    fn codepoint(self) -> char {
        self
    }

    fn iso_comment(self) -> &'static str {
        ""
    }

    // function and appearance
    fn is_alphabetic(self) -> bool {
        tables::UCD_ALPHA.includes(self)
    }

    fn is_alphabetic_other(self) -> bool {
        tables::UCD_ALPHA_OTHER.includes(self)
    }

    fn is_dash(self) -> bool {
        tables::UCD_DASH.includes(self)
    }

    fn is_default_ignorable(self) -> bool {
        tables::UCD_DEFAULT_IGNORABLE.includes(self)
    }

    fn is_default_ignorable_other(self) -> bool {
        tables::UCD_DEFAULT_IGNORABLE_OTHER.includes(self)
    }

    fn is_deprecated(self) -> bool {
        match self as u32 {
            329 | 1651 | 3959 | 3961 | 6051 | 6052 |
                  8298...8303 | 9001 | 9002 | 917505 => true,
            _ => false
        }
    }
    fn is_diacritic(self) -> bool {
        tables::UCD_DIACRITIC.includes(self)
    }

    fn is_extender(self) -> bool {
        tables::UCD_EXTENDER.includes(self)
    }

    fn is_hex_digit(self) -> bool {
        tables::UCD_HEX_DIGIT.includes(self)
    }

    fn is_hex_digit_ascii(self) -> bool {
        tables::UCD_HEX_DIGIT_ASCII.includes(self)
    }

    fn is_hyphen(self) -> bool {
        tables::UCD_HYPHEN.includes(self)
    }

    fn is_logical_order_exception(self) -> bool {
        tables::UCD_LOGICAL_ORDER_EXCEPTION.includes(self)
    }

    fn is_math(self) -> bool {
        tables::UCD_MATH.includes(self)
    }

    fn is_math_other(self) -> bool {
        tables::UCD_MATH_OTHER.includes(self)
    }

    fn is_noncharacter(self) -> bool {
        let cp = self as u32;
        (cp >= 0xfdd0 && cp <= 0xfdef)
            || ((cp & 0xffff) >= 0xfffe)
    }

    fn is_preprended_concatenation_mark(self) -> bool {
        tables::UCD_PREPENDED_CONCATENATION_MARK.includes(self)
    }

    fn is_quotation_mark(self) -> bool {
        tables::UCD_QUOT.includes(self)
    }

    fn is_sentence_terminal(self) -> bool {
        tables::UCD_TERM_SENTENCE.includes(self)
    }

    fn is_soft_dotted(self) -> bool {
        tables::UCD_SOFT_DOTTED.includes(self)
    }

    fn is_terminal_punctuation(self) -> bool {
        tables::UCD_TERM_PUNC.includes(self)
    }

    fn is_variation_selector(self) -> bool {
        let cp = self as u32;
        (cp >= 917760 && cp <= 917999)
            || (cp >= 65024 && cp <= 65039)
            || (cp >= 6155 && cp <= 6157)
    }

    fn is_whitespace(self) -> bool {
        tables::UCD_WHITE.includes(self)
    }

    // numeric
    fn numeric_type(self) -> Option<NumericType> {
        tables::UCD_NUMTYPE.search(self)
    }

    fn numeric_value(self) -> Option<Number> {
        tables::UCD_NUMVAL.search(self).map(|i| {
            match tables::UCD_NUMS[i as usize] {
                (num, 1) => Number::Integer(num),
                (num, den) => Number::Rational(num as i32, den as u32)
            }
        })
    }

    // identifiers and syntax
    fn is_id_continue(self) -> bool {
        tables::UCD_ID_CONT.includes(self)
    }

    fn is_id_continue_nfkc(self) -> bool {
        tables::UCD_ID_CONT_NFKC.includes(self)
    }

    fn is_id_continue_other(self) -> bool {
         match self as u32 {
            183 | 903 | 4969...4977 | 6618 => true,
            _ => false
        }
    }

    fn is_id_start(self) -> bool {
        tables::UCD_ID_START.includes(self)
    }

    fn is_id_start_nfkc(self) -> bool {
        tables::UCD_ID_START_NFKC.includes(self)
    }

    fn is_id_start_other(self) -> bool {
        match self as u32 {
            6277 | 6278 | 8472 | 8494| 12443 | 12444 => true,
            _ => false
        }
    }

    fn is_pattern_syntax(self) -> bool {
        tables::UCD_PATT_SYNTAX.includes(self)
    }

    fn is_pattern_whitespace(self) -> bool {
        match self as u32 {
            9...13 | 32 | 133 | 8206
                   | 8207 | 8232 | 8233 => true,
            _ => false
        }
    }

    // scripts
    fn east_asian_width(self) -> EastAsianWidth {
        tables::UCD_EAWIDTH.search(self)
            .unwrap_or(EastAsianWidth::Neutral)
    }

    fn hangul_syllable_type(self) -> Option<HangulSyllableType> {
        let cp = self as u32;
        match cp {
            4352...4447 | 43360...43388 => Some(HangulSyllableType::LeadingJamo),
            4448...4519 | 55216...55238 => Some(HangulSyllableType::VowelJamo),
            4520...4607 | 55243...55291 => Some(HangulSyllableType::TrailingJamo),
            44032...55203 => Some({
                if cp % 28 == 16 { HangulSyllableType::LVSyllable }
                else { HangulSyllableType::LVTSyllable }
            }),
            _ => None
        }
    }

    fn jamo_short_name(self) -> Option<&'static str> {
        tables::UCD_JSN.search(self)
    }

    fn indic_positional_category(self) -> Option<IndicPositionalCategory> {
        tables::UCD_INPC.search(self)
    }

    fn indic_syllabic_category(self) -> IndicSyllabicCategory {
        tables::UCD_INSC.search(self)
            .unwrap_or(IndicSyllabicCategory::Other)
    }

    fn is_ideograph(self) -> bool {
        tables::UCD_IDEO.includes(self)
    }

    fn is_ideograph_description_sequence_binary_operator(self) -> bool {
        match self as u32 {
            12272 | 12273 | 12276...12283 => true,
            _ => false
        }
    }

    fn is_ideograph_description_sequence_radical(self) -> bool {
        match self as u32 {
            11904...11929 | 11931...12019 | 12032...12245 => true,
            _ => false
        }
    }

    fn is_ideograph_description_sequence_trinary_operator(self) -> bool {
        let cp = self as u32;
        cp == 12274 || cp == 12275
    }

    fn is_ideograph_unified(self) -> bool {
        tables::UCD_IDEO_UNIFIED.includes(self)
    }

    fn join_control(self) -> bool {
        let cp = self as u32;
        cp == 8204 || cp == 8205
    }

    fn joining_group(self) -> JoiningGroup {
        tables::UCD_JOINGRP.search(self)
            .unwrap_or(JoiningGroup::NoJoiningGroup)
    }

    fn joining_type(self) -> JoiningType {
        tables::UCD_JOINTYPE.search(self)
            .unwrap_or(JoiningType::NonJoining)
    }

    fn script(self) -> Option<Script> {
        tables::UCD_SCRIPT.search(self)
    }

    fn script_extensions(self) -> Option<&'static [Script]> {
        match tables::UCD_SCRIPTEXT.search(self) {
            None => self.script().map(
                |s| tables::UCD_SCRIPT_MAP[s as usize]),
            x => x
        }
    }

    // bidirectionality
    fn bidi_class(self) -> BidiClass {
        tables::UCD_BIDI_CLASS.search(self)
            .unwrap_or(BidiClass::LeftToRight)
    }

    fn bidi_is_control(self) -> bool {
        match self as u32 {
            1564 | 8206 | 8207 | 8234...8238 | 8294...8297 => true,
            _ => false
        }
    }

    fn bidi_is_mirrored(self) -> bool {
        tables::UCD_BIDI_MIRRORED.includes(self)
    }

    fn bidi_mirror(self) -> Option<char> {
        tables::UCD_BIDI_MIRROR.search(self)
    }

    fn bidi_paired_bracket(self) -> char {
        tables::UCD_BIDI_PAIRED.search(self)
            .unwrap_or(self)
    }

    fn bidi_paired_bracket_type(self) -> Option<BidiPairedBracketType> {
        tables::UCD_BIDI_BRATYPE.search(self)
    }

    // case
    fn casefold(self) -> CharIter {
        CharIter::new(tables::UCD_CASE_FD.search(self), self)
    }

    fn casefold_nfkc(self) -> CharIter {
        CharIter::new(tables::UCD_CASE_FD_NFKC.search(self), self)
    }

    fn casefold_nfkc_closure(self) -> CharIter {
        CharIter::new(tables::UCD_CASE_FD_CLOS.search(self), self)
    }

    fn casefold_simple(self) -> char {
        tables::UCD_CASE_SIMP_FD.search(self)
            .map(cp_decode)
            .unwrap_or(self.codepoint())
    }

    fn changes_when_casefolded(self) -> bool {
        tables::UCD_CASE_CHANGES_CASEFOLD.includes(self)
    }

    fn changes_when_casefolded_nfkc(self) -> bool {
        tables::UCD_CASE_CHANGES_CASEFOLD_NFKC.includes(self)
    }

    fn changes_when_casemapped(self) -> bool {
        tables::UCD_CASE_CHANGES_CASEMAP.includes(self)
    }

    fn changes_when_lowercased(self) -> bool {
        tables::UCD_CASE_CHANGES_LOWER.includes(self)
    }

    fn changes_when_titlecased(self) -> bool {
        tables::UCD_CASE_CHANGES_TITLE.includes(self)
    }

    fn changes_when_uppercased(self) -> bool {
        tables::UCD_CASE_CHANGES_UPPER.includes(self)
    }

    fn is_case_ignorable(self) -> bool {
        tables::UCD_CASE_IGNORABLE.includes(self)
    }

    fn is_cased(self) -> bool {
        tables::UCD_CASED.includes(self)
    }

    fn is_lowercase(self) -> bool {
        tables::UCD_CASE_IS_LOWER.includes(self)
    }

    fn is_lowercase_other(self) -> bool {
        tables::UCD_CASE_IS_LOWER_OTHER.includes(self)
    }

    fn is_uppercase(self) -> bool {
        tables::UCD_CASE_IS_UPPER.includes(self)
    }

    fn is_uppercase_other (self) -> bool {
        match self as u32 {
            8544...8559 | 9398...9423 | 127280...127305
                        | 127312...127337 | 127344...127369 => true,
            _ => false
        }
    }

    fn lowercase(self) -> CharIter {
        CharIter::new(tables::UCD_CASE_LW.search(self), self)
    }

    fn lowercase_simple(self) -> char {
        tables::UCD_CASE_SIMP_LW.search(self)
            .map(cp_decode)
            .unwrap_or(self.codepoint())
    }

    fn titlecase(self) -> CharIter {
        CharIter::new(tables::UCD_CASE_TI.search(self), self)
    }

    fn titlecase_simple(self) -> char {
        tables::UCD_CASE_SIMP_TI.search(self)
            .map(cp_decode)
            .unwrap_or(self.codepoint())
    }

    fn uppercase(self) -> CharIter {
        CharIter::new(tables::UCD_CASE_UP.search(self), self)
    }

    fn uppercase_simple(self) -> char {
        tables::UCD_CASE_SIMP_UP.search(self)
            .map(cp_decode)
            .unwrap_or(self.codepoint())
    }

    // normalisation
    fn canonical_combining_class(self) -> u8 {
        tables::UCD_COMBCLS.search(self)
            .unwrap_or(0)
    }

    fn decomposition_map(self) -> CharIter {
        // manually handle arithmetic decomposition mapping
        // for hangul syllables, cutting out 11172 entries
        // from the data table; implementation is directly
        // from the unicode standard, chapter 3.12
        const SBASE: u32 = 0xac00;
        const LBASE: u32 = 0x1100;
        const VBASE: u32 = 0x1161;
        const TBASE: u32 = 0x11a7;
        const VCOUNT: u32 = 21;
        const TCOUNT: u32 = 28;
        const NCOUNT: u32 = VCOUNT * TCOUNT;

        match self.hangul_syllable_type() {
            Some(HangulSyllableType::LVSyllable) => unsafe {
                let sindex = (self as u32) - SBASE;
                let lindex = sindex / NCOUNT;
                let vindex = (sindex % NCOUNT) / TCOUNT;
                CharIter::hangul(
                    char::from_u32_unchecked(LBASE + lindex),
                    char::from_u32_unchecked(VBASE + vindex))
            },
            Some(HangulSyllableType::LVTSyllable) => unsafe {
                let sindex = (self as u32) - SBASE;
                let tindex = sindex % TCOUNT;
                let lvindex = sindex - tindex;
                CharIter::hangul(
                    char::from_u32_unchecked(SBASE + lvindex),
                    char::from_u32_unchecked(TBASE + tindex))
            },
            _ =>
                CharIter::new(tables::UCD_DECOMP_MAP.search(self), self)
        }
    }

    fn decomposition_type(self) -> Option<DecompositionType> {
        tables::UCD_DECOMP_TYPE.search(self)
    }

    fn excluded_from_composition(self) -> bool {
        tables::UCD_COMP_EXCL.includes(self)
    }

    fn excluded_from_composition_fully(self) -> bool {
        tables::UCD_COMP_EXCL_FULL.includes(self)
    }

    fn expands_on_nfc(self) -> bool {
        tables::UCD_EXPANDING_NFC.includes(self)
    }

    fn expands_on_nfd(self) -> bool {
        tables::UCD_EXPANDING_NFD.includes(self)
    }

    fn expands_on_nfkc(self) -> bool {
        tables::UCD_EXPANDING_NFKC.includes(self)
    }

    fn expands_on_nfkd(self) -> bool {
        tables::UCD_EXPANDING_NFKD.includes(self)
    }

    fn quick_check_nfc(self) -> Trilean {
        tables::UCD_QNFC.search(self)
            .unwrap_or(Trilean::True)
    }

    fn quick_check_nfd(self) -> bool {
        !tables::UCD_QUICK_NFD.includes(self)
    }

    fn quick_check_nfkc(self) -> Trilean {
        match tables::UCD_QNFKC.includes(self) {
            true => Trilean::False,
            false => self.quick_check_nfc()
        }
    }

    fn quick_check_nfkd(self) -> bool {
        !tables::UCD_QUICK_NFKD.includes(self)
    }

    // segmentation
    fn grapheme_cluster_break(self) -> GraphemeClusterBreak {
        let cx = self.clone();
        match self.hangul_syllable_type() {
            Some(HangulSyllableType::LeadingJamo)  => GraphemeClusterBreak::LeadingJamo,
            Some(HangulSyllableType::VowelJamo)    => GraphemeClusterBreak::VowelJamo,
            Some(HangulSyllableType::TrailingJamo) => GraphemeClusterBreak::TrailingJamo,
            Some(HangulSyllableType::LVSyllable)   => GraphemeClusterBreak::LVHangulSyllable,
            Some(HangulSyllableType::LVTSyllable)  => GraphemeClusterBreak::LVTHangulSyllable,
            None => tables::UCD_GCB.search(cx)
                        .unwrap_or(GraphemeClusterBreak::Other)
        }
    }

    fn is_grapheme_base(self) -> bool {
        tables::UCD_GRAPH_BASE.includes(self)
    }

    fn is_grapheme_extend(self) -> bool {
        tables::UCD_GRAPH_EXT.includes(self)
    }

    fn is_grapheme_extend_other(self) -> bool {
        tables::UCD_GRAPH_EXT_OTHER.includes(self)
    }

    fn is_grapheme_link(self) -> bool {
        tables::UCD_GRAPH_LINK.includes(self)
    }

    fn linebreak_class(self) -> Option<LinebreakClass> {
        tables::UCD_LB.search(self)
    }

    fn sentence_break(self) -> SentenceBreak {
        tables::UCD_SBRK.search(self)
            .unwrap_or(SentenceBreak::Other)
    }

    fn word_break(self) -> WordBreak {
        tables::UCD_WBRK.search(self)
            .unwrap_or(WordBreak::Other)
    }
}


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The call for papers is open until May 2, 2015. That's only a few weeks away! You can submit your proposal through the website as well. There are a broad variety of categories for talks. Flock talks can be about technical, community building, user help… just about anything that touches Fedora. Be bold and creative!
Finally, Flock hotel registration is open until July 16. A block of rooms is available, but if you plan to attend, don't wait — reserve now. There's no cost to reserve the hotel, but the block fills up fast. So it's a good idea to do it early and get in on the group rate.
Thanks to frequent contributor and Flock planning coordinator Ruth Suehle for her community announcement earlier today!


^ "Voluntary Euthanasia". Voluntary Euthanasia (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy). Plato.stanford.edu. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. 2018. Retrieved 6 July 2017.
^ a b Draper, Heather (1998). "Euthanasia". In Chadwick, Ruth (ed.). Encyclopedia of Applied Ethics. 2. Academic Press.
^ Kohl, Marvin; Kurtz, Paul (1975). "A Plea for Beneficient Euthanasia". In Kohl, Marvin (ed.). Beneficient Euthanasia. Buffalo, New York: Prometheus Books. p. 94. , quoted in Beauchamp & Davidson (1979), p 295.
^ Brody, Baruch (1975). "Voluntary Euthanasia and the Law". In Kohl, Marvin (ed.). Beneficient Euthanasia. Buffalo, New York: Prometheus Books. p. 94. , quoted in Beauchamp & Davidson (1979), p 295.
^ Draper, Heather (1998). "Euthanasia". In Chadwick, Ruth (ed.). Encyclopedia of Applied Ethics. 2. Academic Press. p. 176.
^ "Assisted dying case 'stronger than ever' with majority of doctors now in support". 7 February 2018. Retrieved 3 August 2018.
Fry-Revere, Sigrid (2008). "Euthanasia". In Hamowy, Ronald (ed.). The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism. The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Cato Institute. pp. 156–58. doi:10.4135/9781412965811.n98. ISBN 978-1412965804. LCCN 2008009151. OCLC 750831024.
Aktion T4 (German, pronounced [akˈtsi̯oːn teː fiːɐ]) was a postwar name for mass murder through involuntary euthanasia in Nazi Germany. The name T4 is an abbreviation of Tiergartenstraße 4, a street address of the Chancellery department set up in the spring of 1940, in the Berlin borough of Tiergarten, which recruited and paid personnel associated with T4. Certain German physicians were authorized to select patients "deemed incurably sick, after most critical medical examination" and then administer to them a "mercy death" (Gnadentod). In October 1939, Adolf Hitler signed a "euthanasia note", backdated to 1 September 1939, which authorized his physician Karl Brandt and Reichsleiter Philipp Bouhler to implement the programme.
The killings took place from September 1939 until the end of the war in 1945; from 275,000 to 300,000 people were killed in psychiatric hospitals in Germany and Austria, occupied Poland and the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia (now the Czech Republic). The number of victims was originally recorded as 70,273 but this number has been increased by the discovery of victims listed in the archives of the former East Germany. About half of those killed were taken from church-run asylums, often with the approval of the Protestant or Catholic authorities of the institutions. The Holy See announced on 2 December 1940 that the policy was contrary to the natural and positive Divine law and that "the direct killing of an innocent person because of mental or physical defects is not allowed" but the declaration was not upheld by some Catholic authorities in Germany. In the summer of 1941, protests were led in Germany by the Bishop of Münster, Clemens von Galen, whose intervention led to "the strongest, most explicit and most widespread protest movement against any policy since the beginning of the Third Reich", according to Richard J. Evans.Several reasons have been suggested for the killings, including eugenics, compassion, reducing suffering, racial hygiene and saving money. Physicians in German and Austrian asylums continued many of the practices of Aktion T4 until the defeat of Germany in 1945, in spite of its official cessation in August 1941. The informal continuation of the policy led to 93,521 "beds emptied" by the end of 1941. Technology developed under Aktion T4 was taken over by the medical division of the Reich Interior Ministry, particularly the use of lethal gas to kill large numbers of people, along with the personnel of Aktion T4, who participated in Operation Reinhard. The programme was authorised by Hitler but the killings have since come to be viewed as murders in Germany. The number of people killed was about 200,000 in Germany and Austria, with about 100,000 victims in other European countries.
In many jurisdictions, helping a person die by suicide is a crime. People who support legalizing assisted suicide want the people who assist in a voluntary suicide to be exempt from criminal prosecution for manslaughter or similar crimes. Assisted suicide is legal in some countries, under certain circumstances, including Canada, Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, Colombia, Switzerland, and parts of the United States and Australia. In most of those countries, to qualify for legal assistance, people who want to use the assisted-suicide model to die must meet certain criteria, including having a terminal illness, proving they are of sound mind, voluntarily and repeatedly expressing their wish to die, and taking a specified, lethal dose of drugs themselves.
A coup de grâce (; French [ku də ɡʁɑs] for "blow of mercy") is a death blow to end the suffering of a severely wounded person or animal. It may be a mercy killing of civilians or soldiers, friends or enemies, with or without the sufferer's consent.
Examples of coup de grâce include shooting the heart or head (typically the back of the skull) of a wounded, but still living, person during an execution or by humanely killing a suffering, mortally wounded soldier, in war, for whom medical aid is not available. In pre-firearms eras the wounded were finished with edged or impact weapons to include cutting throats, blows to the head, and thrusts to the heart. Other examples include the officer leading a firing squad administering a coup de grâce to the condemned with a pistol if the first hail of gunfire fails to kill the prisoner or a beheading to quickly end a samurai's agony after seppuku.
The phrase may also refer to the final event that causes a figurative death: The business had been struggling for years. The sharp jump in oil prices was the coup de grâce.
The Euthanasia Coaster is an art concept for a steel roller coaster designed to kill its passengers. In 2010, it was designed and made into a scale model by Julijonas Urbonas, a PhD candidate at the Royal College of Art in London. Urbonas, who has worked at an amusement park, stated that the goal of his concept roller coaster is to take lives "with elegance and euphoria". As for practical applications of his design, Urbonas mentioned "euthanasia" or "execution". John Allen, who served as president of the Philadelphia Toboggan Company, inspired Urbonas with his description of the "ultimate" roller coaster as one that "sends out 24 people and they all come back dead".
A euthanasia device is a machine engineered to allow an individual to die quickly with minimal pain. The most common devices are those designed to help terminally ill people die by voluntary euthanasia or assisted suicide without prolonged pain. They may be operated by a second party, such as a physician, or by the person wishing to die. There is an ongoing debate on the ethics of euthanasia and the use of euthanasia devices.
Exit International is an international non-profit organisation advocating legalisation of voluntary euthanasia and assisted suicide. It was previously known as the Voluntary Euthanasia Research Foundation (VERF Inc.).
Exit International was founded by Dr Philip Nitschke in 1997 after the over-turning of the world's first Voluntary Euthanasia law—the Rights of the Terminally Ill (ROTI) Act enacted in the Northern Territory, Australia. During the ROTI Act, Nitschke became the first physician in the world to administer a legal, lethal, voluntary injection.The organisation had 3,500-members as of 2011. Their average age is 75.
Involuntary euthanasia occurs when euthanasia is performed on a person who would be able to provide informed consent, but does not, either because they do not want to die, or because they were not asked.Involuntary euthanasia is contrasted with voluntary euthanasia (euthanasia performed with the patient's consent) and non-voluntary euthanasia (when the patient is unable to give informed consent, for example when a patient is comatose or a child). Involuntary euthanasia is widely opposed and is regarded as a crime in all legal jurisdictions. Reference to it or fear of it is sometimes used as a reason for not changing laws relating to other forms of euthanasia.
Jack Kevorkian (Armenian: Հակոբ Գեվորգյան Hakob Gevorgyan; ; May 26, 1928 – June 3, 2011) was an American pathologist and euthanasia proponent. He is best known for publicly championing a terminal patient's right to die by physician-assisted suicide; he claimed to have assisted at least 130 patients to that end. He was often portrayed in the media with the name of "Dr. Death". There was support for his cause, and he helped set the platform for reform. He said, "Dying is not a crime".In 1999, Kevorkian was arrested and tried for his direct role in a case of voluntary euthanasia. He was convicted of second-degree murder and served 8 years of a 10-to-25-year prison sentence. He was released on parole on June 1, 2007, on condition he would not offer advice nor participate nor be present in the act of any type of suicide involving euthanasia to any other person; as well as neither promote nor talk about the procedure of assisted suicide.
Efforts to change government policies on euthanasia of humans in the 20th and 21st centuries have met limited success in Western countries. Human euthanasia policies have also been developed by a variety of NGOs, most notably medical associations and advocacy organizations. As of March 2018, active human euthanasia is legal in the Netherlands, Belgium, Colombia, Luxembourg, and Canada. Assisted suicide is legal in Switzerland, Germany, the Netherlands, and in the US states of Washington, Oregon, Colorado, Hawaii, Vermont, Montana, Washington, D.C., New Jersey (Starting August 1, 2019), and California. A law legalising euthanasia in the Australian state of Victoria will come into effect in mid-2019.
Eugenics research in Germany before and during the Nazi period was similar to that in the United States (particularly California), by which it had been partly inspired. However, its prominence rose sharply under Adolf Hitler's leadership when wealthy Nazi supporters started heavily investing in it. The programs were subsequently shaped to complement Nazi racial policies.Those humans targeted for destruction under Nazi eugenics policies were largely living in private and state-operated institutions, identified as "life unworthy of life" (German: Lebensunwertes Leben), including prisoners, "degenerates", dissidents, people with congenital cognitive and physical disabilities (including people who were "feeble-minded", epileptic, schizophrenic, manic-depressive, cerebral palsy, muscular dystrophy, deaf, blind) (German: erbkranken), homosexual, idle, insane, and the weak, for elimination from the chain of heredity. More than 400,000 people were sterilized against their will, while up to 300,000 were killed under Action T4, a euthanasia program. In June 1935, Hitler and his cabinet made a list of seven new decrees, number 5 was to speed up the investigations of sterilization.
The right to die is a concept based on the opinion that a human being is entitled to end their life or undergo voluntary euthanasia. Possession of this right is often understood that a person with a terminal illness, or without the will to continue living, should be allowed to end their own life, use assisted suicide, or to decline life-prolonging treatment. The question of whom, if anyone, should be empowered to make this decision is often central to the debate.
Some academics and philosophers, such as David Benatar, consider humans to be overly optimistic in their view of the quality of their lives, and their view of the balance between the positive and the negative aspects of living. This idea can be considered in terms of antinatalism and the lack of agency regarding one's birth and who should have authority over one's choice to live or die.
Proponents typically associate the right to die with the idea that one's body and one's life are one's own, to dispose of as one sees fit. However, a legitimate state interest in preventing irrational suicides is often up for debate. Pilpel and Amsel wrote: Contemporary proponents of "rational suicide" or the "right to die" usually demand by "rationality" that the decision to kill oneself be both the autonomous choice of the agent (i.e., not due to the physician or the family pressuring them to "do the right thing" and commit suicide) and a "best option under the circumstances" choice desired by the stoics or utilitarians, as well as other natural conditions such as the choice being stable, not an impulsive decision, not due to mental illness, achieved after due deliberation, etc.Hinduism accepts the right to die for those who are tormented by terminal diseases or those who have no desire, no ambition or no responsibilities remaining. Death, however, allowed by non-violent means such as fasting to the point of starvation (Prayopavesa). Jainism has a similar practice named Santhara. Other religious views on suicide vary in their tolerance and include denial of the right as well as condemnation of the act. In the Catholic faith, suicide is considered a grave sin.
Soylent Green is a 1973 American dystopian thriller film directed by Richard Fleischer and starring Charlton Heston and Leigh Taylor-Young. Edward G. Robinson appears in his final film. Loosely based on the 1966 science fiction novel Make Room! Make Room! by Harry Harrison, it combines both police procedural and science fiction genres; the investigation into the murder of a wealthy businessman and a dystopian future of dying oceans and year-round humidity due to the greenhouse effect, resulting in suffering from pollution, poverty, overpopulation, euthanasia and depleted resources.In 1973 it won the Nebula Award for Best Dramatic Presentation and the Saturn Award for Best Science Fiction Film.
Suicide tourism, or euthanasia tourism, is the practice of potential suicide candidates travelling to a jurisdiction to commit assisted suicide or suicide. In some jurisdictions, assisted suicide is legal.
The Voluntary Euthanasia Party is a minor political party in Australia, founded in early 2013 by Corey McCann to advocate for legislative change to allow voluntary euthanasia in Australia. The party's inception was strongly supported by Dr Philip Nitschke, director of Exit International and Richard Mills, then President of Dying with Dignity NSW.
The VEP applied to the Australian Electoral Commission (AEC) to be registered as a political party on 10 May 2013 and was registered on 1 June.
Voluntary euthanasia is the practice of ending a life in a painless manner. Voluntary euthanasia (VE) and physician-assisted suicide (PAS) have been the focus of great controversy in recent years.
Some forms of voluntary euthanasia are legal in Belgium, Colombia, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, and Canada.


This year we are introducing a unique, larger edition of the Annual Edition Ornament 2018 in stunning gold-tone crystal, exclusively for SCS members. 133% bigger than the standard Annual Edition, it comes with a golden satin ribbon and a specially designed metal tag in the shape of a snowflake, engraved with 'SCS' on one side and '2018' on the other. Only available in 2018, it would make a precious gift to celebrate the birth of a new baby, a wedding, anniversary, or any other special occasion this year. Display it on a tree, in a window, or on the Christmas Ornament Home Display, large. Decoration object. Not a toy. Not suitable for children under 15.


Even though this picture is a bit out of season (not to mention its lack of focus), it is still one of my favorites of the FD. I t was a weather-dreary day for a walk in the park, but she still had plenty of "Sunshine" to share (and no, that is not a fake backdrop scene despite it's appearance). Tiff was in town for holiday last week. It is always good to have her home. Photo taken at NYC's Prospect Park Boathouse on a misty, foggy, and chilly afternoon.


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Education: A City Struggle Turns a Corner | 2014 Power List | Style Weekly - Richmond, VA local news, arts, and events.
High school students walked out of class in April and marched to City Hall, where they protested for more education funding.
In March, there was a room in Thompson Middle School with a smell so disgusting it gave students headaches. There were two immediate culprits: buckets catching a mixture of tar and water that dripped from the ceiling and the Lysol teachers used to mask the stench.
But who really caused the smell? A School Board with a history of struggling to prioritize the district's needs? A City Council wary of forking over money? A mayor more intent on building a shiny new Huguenot High School next door?
Fingers were pointed, excuses were made. Failing test scores and other academic issues are difficult enough to solve. The smell seemed an incredible insult to pile onto the ongoing injury of a district whose struggles will continue to stunt the city's growth, making it a significant issue to Richmond residents whether or not they have children, much less if they send them to public schools.
But the ability to fix the district rests in parallel tracks of power rather than any one group or how much money can be spent.
"The reality is very few people are powerful enough to change even themselves," former School Board member Carol A.O. Wolf says. "To understand what needs to happen and what to fix is greater than the sum total of all the parts. There's no Oz."
That was especially true last year, when 24,000 students returned from summer vacation with an interim superintendent and a School Board that bounced between fighting amongst each other and searching for a permanent leader.
The board unified behind Dana Bedden in January, selecting him for his experience in the Washington schools and his perspective of education as an economic equalizer. His outsider status — having come most recently from Irving, Texas — was immediately obvious. At the grand opening of the new Martin Luther King Middle School later that month, his talk of sweeping changes came off more as a warning than a greeting.
It's a nearly impossible task for outsiders to amass power in Richmond. On the upside, a dire situation can offer an initial rallying cry behind the new guy. While he isn't Oz, Bedden knows what needs to be fixed. He moved quickly, shifting personnel and remapping the administrative office. That principal of the school with the buckets soon was out. So was the principal at Lucille Brown Middle School, who sued parents for complaining about academic and safety issues and a lack of toilet paper. Bedden brought in a former Fairfax County high-school principal to oversee secondary schools.
Emboldened by such moves, the School Board found a new voice. Unhappy with Mayor Dwight Jones' push to build a few new schools rather than fix the ones crumbling around students, the springtime leaks at Thompson and Fairfield Court elementary schools provided an opportunity to call for more funding. While building the new MLK cost $41 million, the School Board had only $1 million to fix existing buildings.
The scenes of crumbling buildings struck a nerve with students, prompting about 200 to walk out of class in April and picket City Hall. Jones, who invited them in, told the group to go to the School Board with their complaints. The students later castigated him before City Council, asking for the finger pointing to stop. It was a quick lesson in amassing grass-roots power while watching adults toss it around like a hot potato.
But the students created a focal point. "They have brought things to the surface," 2nd District School Board Representative Kim Gray says. "Richmond Public School students are willing to take risks to improve the system."
But it's the parents who are learning to link the parallel paths of power that control City Hall's purse strings and what lies on Bedden's wish list. Gray notes a recent air-conditioning failure at a summer Head Start program as evidence of increasing parent interest. The issue saw an unprecedented number of calls demanding action.
It looks as though there are leaders ready to listen. After City Council and Jones patted themselves on the back for adding an extra $7 million to the budget to fix school buildings, Bedden's new buildings supervisor issued a report in August that determined the district needs $35 million.
It's a promising start that Bedden is willing to issue that kind of challenge to Jones. In the next year, it will take more sustained interaction than one walkout to win a larger slice of the pie for schools, and so far he has the board's full-throated support. But it also will look to him for improved academic performance. Without at least modest gains in his first full year, that support could turn.
Gray says she's optimistic: "My money is on Dr. Bedden. We have to get behind him as our leader if we really want to see some positive changes."
Richmond School Superintendent Dana Bedden is sworn into office at City Hall on Jan. 13.
While the process of picking the next superintendent encountered a time crunch, so far it appears that the School Board chose well. The district's new chief will begin his first full academic year in September, having energized the district with unapologetic talk of removing ineffective staff and a continued push for more money. In his first few months on the job, he's managed to do both during the tug-of-war between the School Board and City Council.
Robertson has been a key ally in the mayor's plan to focus on building new schools and has pushed for more collaboration with the School Board. But where Robertson sees a new elementary school in her district and a chance to help steer policy, the board sees misplaced spending priorities and a turf battle. Robertson's team, however, controls the purse strings. That's enough leverage to keep the board in check. But Bedden's tenure is likely to illustrate that money isn't the only thing that will help the district succeed.
As one of the board's two members who has served more than one term, Gray has the fire of a rookie mixed with the savvy of a veteran. She's used both to advantage, not only hammering the Jones administration for misplaced priorities, but also riling enough public outrage to put a few extra million in the district's coffers. So far she's only metaphorically laid a dead rat at the doorstep of the city's football training facility, but there's always next year.
Coming to the board from her role advocating for the Patrick Henry Charter School, Larson has pushed for the district to confront issues that keep many parents away. What she lacks in Gray's candor she makes up for in quiet determination — and both have made an effective team in leading the board's buildings commission. She'll likely grow bolder as her tenure continues and that determination gets directed to problems beyond the bricks and mortar.
His turn at the head of the table so far has brought a divided School Board together. As the other veteran board member, he's remained largely aloof from the fractious battle over the closure of Clark Springs Elementary. With Bedden more firmly in place, Coleman's talk of attracting new teachers and more investment from the community is likely to lead to action.
After leaving the School Board in 2008, Wolf has chronicled damning evidence of the district's failures in transparency and fiscal management on her blog, saveourschools-getrealrichmond.blogspot.com. While it's heavy on the caps lock, both the facts and the results are clear. Misplaced money has been found, and number massaging has been exposed. She's behind the scenes and out front, too. And when officials talk about increasing transparency, Wolf often is the one prodding them along.
Jones' lawsuit against the Richmond Public Schools over the closure of Clark Springs Elementary probably won't end in the school reopening, but it shows the potential advocacy power that parents leave largely unused. While the trial may boil down to a grudge match between two School Board factions, seeing officials forced to defend their decisions could spur other parents to ask questions of their own.
Her father, former Gov. A. Linwood Holton, put her in the Richmond Public Schools as a political statement encouraging desegregation. As the state's new leader of education, the Open High School graduate — and wife of U.S. Sen. Tim Kaine — has the ability to publicly highlight her home district's needs. She meets regularly with Bedden, and as both settle into their roles we'll find out whether it pays to have friends in high places.
Increased parental involvement doesn't necessarily mean more confrontation. Through his Curious About Westover group, Lyle works to show that much of the success of the district will rely heavily on parents willing to invest in neighborhood schools. His work likely won't show up in budget victories or policy changes in the next few years, but his goal in winning parents over one-on-one could slowly bump enrollment numbers if more follow his lead and his template of support.
While schools continue to struggle with academic achievement, Frazier leads an after-school program that's offered middle-school children a chance to hone their skills. By focusing on middle school, the program is filling gaps at the district's weakest level and garnering more funding with each passing year. Its corporate partnerships and mentoring programs offer a model from which the district could learn.


Now you can edit the product short name for each of your products in the Email Auto-responder.
To edit the short name of your product you can simply edit your email auto responder and skip to the content part.
There you will find a blue button "Edit Product Short Names" which allows you to edit the short names for the products that are used in this email auto responder.


text:
Home Cryptocurrencies Bitcoin Elon Musk's Tesla has bought $1.5bn in bitcoin, sending the cryptocurrency to...
Other Cryptocurrencies
Elon Musk's Tesla has bought $1.5bn in bitcoin, sending the cryptocurrency to record levels
PayPal and SpaceX founder Elon Musk has revealed that his electric car company Tesla has bought $1.5bn worth of bitcoin, causing the value of the cryptocurrency to reach record heights.
The news comes about a week after Musk said that he believed that the cryptocurrency was on the verge of breaking into traditional finance and a month after he'd said he'd be open to the idea of getting paid in bitcoin, Forbes reported.
The news that Tesla has invested heavily in bitcoin saw the price of the cryptocurrency jump by 17% to a record $44,220 high, the BBC reported.
Tesla had previously stated in January that it would update its investment policy and that it now wished to invest in "reserve assets" such as digital currencies, gold and gold exchange-traded funds.
Musk himself has been on a bit of a cryptocurrency Twitter spree lately, tweeting and drumming up a buzz about bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies such as dogecoin, which jumped 50% after his endorsement.
Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies have reached record levels over the last year, encouraging celebrities such as Game of Thrones actor Maisie Williams to invest in the digital currency.
There are several reasons behind the growing popularity of bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies.
One is that its decentralised nature has given it a reputation of being an investment akin to gold – safe, valuable and rare – which people tend to invest in during times of turmoil.
However, an editorial in the Financial Times recently warned that bitcoin's reputation as a safe haven might be more illusion than fact, citing how the value of the digital currency has been on a roller-coaster for years.
Investors could have also been encouraged by respected payment giant PayPal announcing in October that its American customers can now trade cryptocurrencies like bitcoin directly on the app. Several other FinTech companies like challenger bank Revolut offer similar services.
Previous articleSentinelOne acquires Scalyr in $155m deal
Next articleInvestors "woefully unprepared" for the implementation of SFDR – experts warn
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Could 2022 be the year of the CBDC?
Binance suspends dogecoin withdrawals
AscendEX secures funding as it eyes international expansion
Bittrex Global launches fee free euro-to-crypto trading for one month
VC firms help digital assets, bitcoin futures business Bakkt to $182.5m...

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The pomegranate protects its kernels efficiently by a dense impermeable layer. Together with the inner skin the solid outer shell stabilizes the densly packed kernels in their structure and thus protects them against mechanical stress.
A good packaging is the main requirement for safe handling of hazardous materials. If powder particles are involved a »packaging« of each single core by adding a coating is not feasible. However, if these particles are compacted to granules and pellets they can easily be covered with a protective film. Thus, a sensitization of people handling allergen or irritating materials can be prevented. The forming of dust and the danger of dust explosion are reliably avoided by the compact structure which is stable against abrasion and the additional coating of the granules.
The wet granulation in the high shear mixer and the pelletizing in the extruder create compact mechanically stable granules and pellets. The forming of dust by abrasion in the process chain can thus be avoided. By applying an additional coating the surface is covered and the hazard when handling allergic and toxic products is minimized.


text:
EXO's Chen asks, "Are our EXO-Ls spending a nice summer?"
EXO's Chen
Perks of being an idol seems to mount them like receiving a lot of gifts from fans. However, EXO's Chen showed concerned through deciding not to accept any gifts from fans anymore.
Chen stated, "Are our EXO-Ls spending a nice summer? I'm well and I've been preparing for the concert with the EXO members. There are so many things I'm thankful for because EXO-Ls always cheer us on, lend us strength, and remember our birthdays and anniversaries; but, there is one thing that I'd like to say today."
The idol continued, "You might be disappointed but suddenly, I started to feel sorry about accepting presents from you guys. I want to show everyone that I'm making good use of all the gifts and that I kept them all but that turned out to be not an easy task. I believed that some fans might think that I like someone else's gifts and not like others' gifts so that's why I arrived at this conclusion. I decided this because I know clearly well that I should be thankful for every present you send me and that each gift holds special meaning."
Chen concluded, "I can feel EXO-Ls' hearts plenty while I'm on stage, and I can feel it through your voices when you cheer us on. So please don't feel dejected or hurt and please continue to be a lovable fan."
Park Sa-lim, Seoul
#ZoomInManila: South Korean Rapper, Jessi Live at SM Mall of Asia Arena
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MCND Unveils Comeback Scheduler on August 31!
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Watch KCON:TACT 2020 season 2 from October 16 to 25 on GigaFest.Smart!
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EXO, BTS, Red Velvet, and more are nominated at the 2020 MTV Video Music Awards
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Solved: Connecting tointernet from a laptop...HOW?
Discussion in 'Windows XP' started by Empire2500, Jul 27, 2006.
If someone knows how to do it and can provide step by step instruction it would be great!
Go to Start/Control Panel/Network Connections. Do you see a wireless adapter there? If so, then we can continue. If not, you will need to get a wireless ethernet card.
You have to connect to existing networks.
Do you have one at your home?
Are you trying to connect to your dad's?
Laptop wireless networking is not magic. It does not mean you can connect to the internet from anywhere. There has to be a network setup with wireless access.
All this assumes the laptop has a wireless network adapter already installed. If it doesn't, that would be the first step.
You can buy and install a wireless adapter for the laptop.


text:
module AgglomerativeClustering
  class SilhouetteCoefficient
    include EuclideanDistance
    attr_reader :main_cluster

    def initialize main_cluster
      @main_cluster = main_cluster
    end

    # Measures the silhouette coefficient of a cluster compared to all other clusters
    # Returns the average silhouette coefficient of a cluster
    def measure clusters
      silhouettes = []
      average_distances = []
        main_cluster.points.each do |point1|
          a1 = calculate_a1(point1)
          (clusters - [main_cluster]).each do |cluster|
            distances = []
            cluster.points.each do |point2|
              distances << euclidean_distance(point1, point2).round(2)
            end
            average_distances << distances.inject(:+)/distances.size
          end
          b1 = average_distances.min || 0
          s1 = (b1 - a1)/[a1,b1].max
          silhouettes << s1
        end
      (silhouettes.inject(:+) / silhouettes.size).round(2)
    end

    # Calculates the a1 value of a cluster
    def calculate_a1 point
      distances = []
      main_cluster.points.each do |point1|
        distances << euclidean_distance(point, point1).round(2)
      end
      return 0 if distances.size == 1
      (distances.inject(:+)/(distances.size - 1)).round(2)
    end

  end
end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


I am new to gardening. Please help me with my problems in gardening.
My husband and I have 3 small gardens. Garden 1 has tomatoes, peppers, butternut squash. Garden 2 has tomatoes, peppers. Garden 3 has corn, lettuce, beans, squash, peppers, kale, cucumbers.
Garden 1 and 2 have this problem. Garden 3 does not. On Wednesday i sprayed all gardens with sevin concentrate. mix 1.5 to gallon. All was done in the morning. Then we watered them. By the evening the looked like they were wilted (drooping). Then the next day we noticed the yellow on the leaves. Since then it has only gotten worse. There is a tree beside them that has some type of disease i think because it is dying. Can you please help me find out if this is my doing or some type of fungus or something else. I have take pictures of before and the plants as they look now. I will post them.
I am sorry, I don't have the answer to your question.
Someone from your neck of the woods may have an idea on what you are up against.
The tree looks like a Walnut and walnut roots puts out juglone, a toxin that affects other plants. How close is this tree?
The tree is next to the plants. It is a Fig i think. It does produce some fruit.
Hmmm, it looks like it may be a nitrogen deficiency or maybe too much of it.
Are you using any fertilizer?
Sorry, Figs don't have compound leaves. I believe it's a nut tree of some type.
ya thats def not fig i have figs all over and the leaves are real dif.
I don't think it is nitrogen deficiency. Overall, the leaves look a nice dark green. It looks like small amounts of roundup (glyphosate) weed killer to me.
Did you happen to spray roundup or another weed killer with the same bottle you used to spray the sevin with? Roundup residue will stay in the container even with rinsing well. Or, did you spray roundup in a surrounding area?
I did spray tractor supply weed grass killer in the sprayer prior to applying the sevin. question 1 is there any thing i can do to correct this.
Question 2 Beside rinsing out and running water through the sprayer how do i clean these things.
Garden 3 is not showing any signs of this. Should I be Prepared for this to happen there also.
1. Your plants will grow out of the roundup toxicity. Just do not spray them again with the same bottle you used for the grass killer. Since it is a low amount, it shouldn't kill the plants.
2. I don't know if you can ever truly get rid of the roundup from the bottle and sprayer. I would just buy separate bottles and write on there which one is what.
3. It may or may not happen on your third garden. The roundup may be gone now, but I would still use separate bottles so it doesn't happen again.
can i cut off bad/dead parts maybe save plant?
I'd just leave it alone. The tomato plants will be fine. I mean that only these few leaves will be affected, but the newer leaves should be fine. There is no need to cut them off since it won't spread.
It looks like the whole plant is dying.


Alex will be running the 2019 London Marathon for Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia (PCD) Family Support Group. Please check out and support his fundraising page on Just Giving. You can find the link here.
INFORMATION ABOUT THE DAY We hold a number of talks throughout the day from PCD experts to learn more about PCD and also have our formal AGM. There is plenty of opportunity to ask questions. We provide entertainment for the children. Refreshments served from 10:30 a.m. We will confirm the Agenda closer to the event.


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The Trinitarian Controversy in Early Modern England
Dr. Paul Lim, Associate Professor of the History of Christianity, Associate Professor of Religious Studies, and Affiliate Professor of History at Vanderbilt University, speaks about his
Mark Winder and Adam York introduce Proclaiming Christ, a newly reformatted program on preaching, exegesis, and biblical theology. Rev. Winder is pastor of Wolf River Presbyterian
Mobility through a Marketed Ministry
In his classic essay, "The D-Min-ization of the Ministry," David Wells describes the ministerial professionalization that occurred over the last several decades. Because of the
Help Spread Reformed Theology
I believe strongly in making theological discussion and content freely available, and I want as many people as possible to learn about the great truths
A Review of The Innkeeper
Jason Pickard	December 17, 2012
Each Advent season, John Piper writes an Advent poem as a gift to his congregation in Minneapolis. One such Advent poem is The Innkeeper. In
The Life and Ministry of B.B. Warfield
In this episode, Jim Cassidy and Mark Winder catch up with John Muether to talk about his forthcoming book on the life of B.B. Warfield,
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Reformed Media Review	December 10, 2012
Jonathan Brack reviews Kingdom through Covenant: A Biblical-Theological Understanding of the Covenants by Peter J. Gentry and Stephen J. Wellum. Jonathan has also written a review of the
Ministerial Fellowship
Christ the Center	December 7, 2012
On this episode, Rev. David Brack speaks about ministerial fellowship and a ministry of discipleship in the local church. Rev. Brack is pastor of Christ Covenant
Jesus, My Soul's Deepest Desire?
James J. Cassidy	December 5, 2012
Laura Story's newish song-hymn, "What a Savior," presents us with an interesting theological conundrum. It's a kind of brain-teaser not unlike the one introduced to
Are We Together? A Protestant Analyzes Roman Catholicism
Reformed Media Review	December 3, 2012
R. C. Sproul, Are We Together? A Protestant Analyzes Roman Catholicism published by Reformation Trust, 130 pages, hardcover. Publisher's Description: In recent years, some evangelical Protestant


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Collective robotics is young and promising research field, where many robots work as one team, group or swarm to achieve a common goal. Collective systems provide several essential advantages such as extended reliability, scalability, flexibility and reconfigurability, capabilities for emergent and self-organizing phenomena. Depending on size, complexity and underlying principles of interaction and information transfer, there are different small-, middle- and large-scale systems, denoted as cooperative, networked, swarm and nano-robotics. All these systems utilize different mechanisms of perception, coordination and learning. Lately, research on swarm, reconfigurable and evolutionary robotics leaded to an appearance of morphogenetic systems, so-called artificial organisms, with advanced homeostatic and adaptive functionality. Collective systems became attractive for different underwater, aerial and industrial applications as well as for new areas of nano- and biological (bacterial) robotics. This book describes basic principles underlying collective systems, discusses such issues as design of emergence, fault tolerance, self-properties, artificial evolution, appearance of robot cultures and indicates main application areas.
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text:
HomeCar CultureCommentaryLA Classic Auto Show draws vehicles from SoCal museums
LA Classic Auto Show draws vehicles from SoCal museums
LA Classic Car Show 2018
'The Porsche Effect' at the Petersen museum | Bob Golfen photo
At least three Southern California car museums will participate in the second Los Angeles Classic Car Show, scheduled for March 2-4 at the LA Convention Center, where as many as 1,000 vintage vehicles are to be on display.
The Petersen Automotive Museum will exhibit a peek of "The Porsche Effect," its major and current exhibition that celebrates the 70th anniversary and history of the German sports car maker.
The Mullin Automotive Museum will do a mini version of its major exhibition of Citroen vehicles.
Citroens at the Mullin | Larry Edsall photo
The Automobile Driving Museum will present "Women 'n Wheels," a special display of "female only classics," as well as panel discussions featuring women who work in the classic car industry or in motorsports.
Also, the famed lowrider "Gypsy Rose," which has been part of a major display at the Petersen, will be one of the cars in a special exhibit of "East Los Angeles" car culture at the show.
Also participating at the LA show is Autobooks Aerobooks with a full slate of book signings by authors on Saturday and Sunday.
Note to Midwestern car museums: You might get your turn at sharing parts of your collections later this year because the Classic Car Show organizers have announced a new event scheduled for September 8-9 in Chicago.
Shocking pink taxi joins Beaulieu exhibit
A scene from the BBC's 'The League of Gentlemen' | Beaulieu photo
The bright pink taxi seen on the BBC cult comedy The League of Gentlemen has joined the exhibit of television and film vehicles at the National Motor Museum, in Beaulieu, England.
According to the museum's news release, the vehicle, a 2005 Citroen Dispatch, "is the transportation choice of cab driver Barbara Tattsyrup (nee Dixon), the owner of Bab's Cabs in Royston Vasey… A favourite character with many viewers, transgender Barbara has only ever been seen in glimpses of her hands and legs as she drives."
Special events this weekend
It's the second and final "Hoods Up" weekend of the winter at the Newport Car Museum in Rhode Island.
On February 28, the Seal Cove Auto Museum and the Mount Desert Island Historical Society will host the "History Happy Hour: Two Truths & A Lie" presentations at the Side Street Cafe in Bar Harbor, Maine, from 5 p.m. to 7 p.m.
"Conversations on Brock Yates" is the topic Saturday at the International Motor Racing Research Center in Watkins Glen, New York, where the acclaimed automotive writer's widow, Pamela Yates, and daughter, Stacy Bradley, will present "Looking at the World Through a Windshield." The program begins at 1 p.m. Yates wrote 15 books, created the Cannonball Baker Sea-to-Shining-Sea Memorial Trophy Dash, wrote the screenplays for "The Cannonball Run I" and "Smokey and the Bandit II," and wrote for Car and Driver magazine for more than 40 years.
The Simeone Foundation Automotive Museum in Philadelphia stages one of its Demo Days displays Saturday. The theme is "The Great Rallys" with the museum's 1950 Talbot Lago Grand Sport, 1954 Austin Healey 100/4, 1938 Jaguar SS 100 and 1956 Mercedes-Benz 300 SL coupe all scheduled for exercising in the museum's parking lot. A last-minute addition to that list is a 1954 Ferrari 375MM Pinin Farina Spyder, one of only 12 produced.
The museum also has announced that after the Demo Day runs, author John Nikas will lead a discussion of the post-war British automotive industry and its role in rebuilding the nation.
The AACA Museum in Hershey, Pennsylvania, is closed from February 20-March 2 for maintenance work — for example, a mural and new lighting are being installed in the Train Room — but the museum is accepting through March 4 registrations for its one-day bus trip April 8 to the New York auto show.
"Art, Architecture and the Automobile," is the subject of a presentation by author David O. Lyon scheduled for 3 p.m. Sunday as part of the Gilmore Car Museum's winter lecture series in Hickory Corners, Michigan.
The "Drive the Blues Away" concert and gala is scheduled from 8 p.m. to 11 p.m. Saturday at LeMay – America's Car Museum in Tacoma, Washington.


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(New York, NY): Prepaid card issuers are preparing for unprecedented regulatory change – and bracing for new risks – in advance of the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau's long-awaited rules set for release this spring.
The regulation, which will apply federal consumer protection laws to prepaid cards for the first time, is expected to expand disclosure requirements, reclassify some accounts, and widen the prepaid umbrella to cover a vast and diverse product set. The final rules and related implementation will be at the forefront of the agenda at Auriemma's Prepaid Compliance Roundtable, which convenes Legal, Compliance, and Risk executives for leading prepaid issuers and other market participants. Proprietary benchmarking incorporating Auriemma's industry-standard performance, fraud, and risk management metrics will help members monitor ongoing operational impacts associated with the law.
A proposal issued by the regulator in November 2014 drew industry criticism for its broad-brush approach, and raised questions over how policymakers will account for significant differences in features and use cases among various prepaid card types.
As drafted, the proposed rules would significantly broaden the definition of "prepaid account" and the scope of the CFPB's jurisdiction in regulating such accounts. The rules cover increasingly popular general purpose reloadable (GPR) cards and several other account types, including payroll, government benefit, disaster relief, rebate, and certain campus and student financial aid cards. These products serve distinct purposes and vary in terms of how they function, how cardholders use them, and, for issuers, how their business models and customer relationships are structured.
Specifically, the proposal's failure to distinguish between reloadable and non-reloadable cards, its error resolution provisions, and its move to reclassify certain prepaid accounts as credit products are viewed as problematic from a compliance perspective. In the long term, industry stakeholders believe the extension of credit protections could result in the elimination of certain features and services, such as overdraft. Additionally, the rule would apply the same disclosure requirements to all account types, creating new pitfalls and cost burdens.
As the industry shifts its attention toward regulatory implementation, there is mounting concern that blanket regulations will add to an already substantial administrative burden and create new risks in the form of fraud and financial loss. To track these and other related impacts, Auriemma is establishing a comprehensive benchmark in connection with the Prepaid Compliance Roundtable, expanding a suite of fraud metrics that currently cover the credit card, debit card, and consumer banking lines of business.
The next meeting of Auriemma's Prepaid Compliance Roundtable is scheduled for May 25-26 in Chicago. For information on membership, contact Jeff Tennenbaum at (212) 323-7000.


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text:
Q: Should a DR & CR entry both be created or a single-entry accounting is fine A new project has an amount. It is always related to a client.
One client can have many projects. And he may pay in steps for a particular project.
In order to keep track of client payments, I've created a table namely client_ledger which contains information about date, time, amount, mode of payment & related project.
But then in one of the software screens, I have to reports pertaining to a client's debit & credit.
So there are 2 things that can be done :

*

*Either I can get the total amount of all projects of that client and his total payments & then can show how much balance is left to be paid.

*Or if I'd created an entry in the client_ledger table for DR, then as soon as a project is created, an entry is made in the table for DR and subsequent payments received
will be CRed into the data-base. In this case, if a project's amount is modified/edited later, then either the original DR entry has to be modified, or a new CR entry followed by the new project amount's DR entry should be made.
Which of these processes should be followed ?

A: Talk to the accountant.
Whether or not you create a DR when a project gets created depends on when the revenue is recognised. It's simple for sale of goods, when the title has been transferred, revenue is recognised. But with a project, it's not clear that the money received is revenue because no work has been done yet at the start of the project.
If the client pay before project start, then it becomes Prepayment (liability). If they pay after project finished, it becomes Receivable (asset).
It's not wrong to recognised project value as revenue at the start of project, but
if this is used as base for taxation, then they'll also be prepaying the tax, which is bad for cash flow. If the total project value is not recognised as revenue, then you might need to record the unrecognised part somewhere else, not in ledgers because they only record transaction that's already happened.
My guess is, if you go with number 2, then it should be recorded as Prepayment, which is a Liability not Income. Then as project milestones hit, the prepayment becomes revenue.

A: The answer depends entirely based on the purpose of the screen in question.

*

*If the screen is meant to show a client's current due balance, then displaying aggregate totals is appropriate.

*If the screen is meant to show a client's payment history, then including both credits and debits on the ledger and displaying all is appropriate.

If you do implement a the second option, I would encourage as clear accounting principle to
enter the a debits for project estimation with a date the estimate is given, and then append additional positive or negate debits latter on as the estimate increases, decreases, or becomes final.  (I would not, under ANY circumstance, change an accounting entry from what was a correctly entered figure for the time in question.)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Many parents and teachers came together to volunteer for FIESTAS 2018! It was a huge success and loads of fun!
Congratulations to our 8th grade students who graduated tonight! We know you will set the world on fire!
The 7th and 8th grade proved their case in a mock trial exercise! With great preparation, our students received high comments from Judge Sedillo!
Congratulations to our two Distinguished Disciples, Ms.DeLanoy and Sasha! Both are true examples of what it means to walk in Christ's light.
Each year, the Old Town community kicks off the holiday season with it's Holiday Stroll. As part of the community, the school makes over 3,000 homemade luminarias with sand and candles in a paper bag, and places them around the plaza and on the streets.
San Felipe de Neri School hosted it's largest fundraiser of the year, Turkey Bingo, on Nov. 18th. Families, parish members, and Old Town community members, joined us to play bingo, win a turkey, eat delicious food, and win prize baskets! All proceeds went to supporting our school.
On Friday, Nov. 3rd, students and families were served a delicious Thanksgiving dinner with all of the fixings. For dessert, a homemade pumpkin cake! After eating, families took fun pictures in our Thanksgiving booth! The meal was enjoyed by all.
Students, families, and the Old Town Community, enjoyed a festive night full of games, prizes, a cake walk, and the famous Haunted House! Frito pies were served by the teachers and a good time was had by all!
Our last game was held September 20th. The girls had a back-to-back games and came out victorious. Now, the girls prepare for tournaments. Go Lady Tigers!
Third grade students received a special treat when visited by the author , Dalia Chavez-Griego, who brought her book, The Little Rose with a Soul. Each student received their own copy of the book. The students had a live read and had their books autographed by the author. St. Rose of Lima's story will be passed down for generations to come through this treasured story.
Students enjoyed "watching" the eclipse through live streaming in the gym! All grades had fun eating popcorn, taking photos with the eclipse poster, and running sun-fun relays!
Students from first grade through middle school are enjoying their summer with interesting activities, while progressing their reading and math learning. We wish all our students a great summer as they learn through their experiences and through one another.
Families, friends, teachers, and staff had a blast selling funnel cakes and snow cones during the 2017 San Felipe de Neri Parish Fiestas. All shareholders volunteered to help the parish raise money and most importantly keep the deep rooted tradition strong for the Old Town community. Viva la Fiesta!
As a community, students joined together to play tug-o-war, balloon tennis, noodle beachball hockey, create a team name, poster, and cheer. 8th graders lead the way as team captains for our 7th-PreK students. A fun day was held by all. Thank you to our volunteers who helped make our day extra-special.
Congratulations to Ms. Romero, Mrs. Rafi, and the students as the recipients of the CenturyLink grant. This grant will be used to purchase new math software to support students in their everyday study and understanding of math. We are truly blessed.
SFdN is proud to announce our 2017 Distinguished Disciple Honoree, Patrick. He is a true example of what it means to be welcoming to all every day. Patrick is a quiet leader, who many look up to. His honesty, heart-felt smile, and sense of humor brighten our school each day. Congratulations, Patrick!
We were blessed to welcome Archbishop Wester to our school community. Archbishop enjoyed visiting the students, teachers, staff, parents,principal, and priest. He commented on the strength of the heart of our community and enjoyed sharing stories of his days teaching school. Thank you, Archbishop Wester, for spending time with us! Come back and see us soon!
Now enrolling for the 2017-2018 school year. Register by March 17th to receive your FREE spirit shirt. Make SFdN your family, today! Come by and visit us. All are welcome.
Sunday, Jan. 29th-Pancake breakfast and Open House (8:30-1:00) Monday, Jan. 30th- Parent Appreciation Day! Tuesday, Jan. 31st- Vocation Day! Wednesday, Feb. 1st-Teacher Appreciation Day! Thursday, Feb. 2nd- Alumni games. Friday, Feb. 3rd- Student Appreciation Day.