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Browsing by Subject "FEEDBACK"
A geometric approach to non-linear correlations with intrinsic scatter
Pihajoki, Pauli (2017)
We propose a new mathematical model for n - k-dimensional non-linear correlations with intrinsic scatter in n-dimensional data. The model is based on Riemannian geometry and is naturally symmetric with respect to the measured variables and invariant under coordinate transformations. We combine the model with a Bayesian approach for estimating the parameters of the correlation relation and the intrinsic scatter. A side benefit of the approach is that censored and truncated data sets and independent, arbitrary measurement errors can be incorporated. We also derive analytic likelihoods for the typical astrophysical use case of linear relations in n-dimensional Euclidean space. We pay particular attention to the case of linear regression in two dimensions and compare our results to existing methods. Finally, we apply our methodology to the well-known MBH-s correlation between the mass of a supermassive black hole in the centre of a galactic bulge and the corresponding bulge velocity dispersion. The main result of our analysis is that the most likely slope of this correlation is similar to 6 for the data sets used, rather than the values in the range of similar to 4-5 typically quoted in the literature for these data.
An energy balance perspective on regional CO2-induced temperature changes in CMIP5 models
Räisänen, Jouni (2017)
An energy balance decomposition of temperature changes is conducted for idealized transient CO2-only simulations in the fifth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project. The multimodel global mean warming is dominated by enhanced clear-sky greenhouse effect due to increased CO2 and water vapour, but other components of the energy balance substantially modify the geographical and seasonal patterns of the change. Changes in the net surface energy flux are important over the oceans, being especially crucial for the muted warming over the northern North Atlantic and for the seasonal cycle of warming over the Arctic Ocean. Changes in atmospheric energy flux convergence tend to smooth the gradients of temperature change and reduce its land-sea contrast, but they also amplify the seasonal cycle of warming in northern North America and Eurasia. The three most important terms for intermodel differences in warming are the changes in the clear-sky greenhouse effect, clouds, and the net surface energy flux, making the largest contribution to the standard deviation of annual mean temperature change in 34, 29 and 20 % of the world, respectively. Changes in atmospheric energy flux convergence mostly damp intermodel variations of temperature change especially over the oceans. However, the opposite is true for example in Greenland and Antarctica, where the warming appears to be substantially controlled by heat transport from the surrounding sea areas.
Association of arterial blood pressure and CPR quality in a child using three different compression techniques, a case report
Sainio, Marko; Sutton, Robert M.; Huhtala, Heini; Eilevstjonn, Joar; Tenhunen, Jyrki; Olkkola, Klaus T.; Nadkarni, Vinay M.; Hoppu, Sanna (2013)
A 2-year-old boy found in cardiac arrest secondary to drowning received standard CPR for 35 minutes and was transported to a tertiary hospital for rewarming from hypothermia. Chest compressions in hospital were started using two-thumb encircling hands technique. Subsequently two-thumbs direct sternal compression technique and after sternal force/depth sensor placement, chest compression with classic one-hand technique were done. By using CPR recording/feedback defibrillator, quantitative CPR quality data and invasive arterial pressures were available for analyses for 5 hours and 35 minutes. 316 compressions with the two-thumb encircling hands technique provided a mean (SD) systolic arterial pressure (SAP) of 24 (4) mmHg, mean arterial pressure (MAP) 18 (3) and diastolic arterial pressure (DAP) of 15 (3) mmHg. similar to 6000 compressions with the two thumbs direct compression technique created a mean SAP of 45 (7) mmHg, MAP 35 (4) mmHg and DAP of 30 (3) mmHg. similar to 20,000 compressions with the sternal accelerometer in place produced SAP 50 (10) mmHg, MAP 32 (5) mmHg and DAP 24 (4) mmHg. Restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) was achieved at the point when the child achieved normothermia by using peritoneal dialysis. Unfortunately, the child died ten hours after ROSC without any signs of neurological recovery. This case demonstrates improved hemodynamic parameters with classic one-handed technique with real-time quantitative quality of CPR feedback compared to either the two-thumbs encircling hands or two-thumbs direct sternal compression techniques. We speculate that the improved arterial pressures were related to improved chest compression depth when a real-time CPR recording/feedback device was deployed.
Cluster randomised controlled trial of a theory-based multiple behaviour change intervention aimed at healthcare professionals to improve their management of type 2 diabetes in primary care
Presseau, Justin; Mackintosh, Joan; Hawthorne, Gillian; Francis, Jill J.; Johnston, Marie; Grimshaw, Jeremy M.; Steen, Nick; Coulthard, Tom; Brown, Heather; Kaner, Eileen; Elovainio, Marko; Sniehotta, Falko F. (2018)
Background: National diabetes audits in the UK show room for improvement in the quality of care delivered to people with type 2 diabetes in primary care. Systematic reviews of quality improvement interventions show that such approaches can be effective but there is wide variability between trials and little understanding concerning what explains this variability. A national cohort study of primary care across 99 UK practices identified modifiable predictors of healthcare professionals' prescribing, advising and foot examination. Our objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of an implementation intervention to improve six guideline-recommended health professional behaviours in managing type 2 diabetes in primary care: prescribing for blood pressure and glycaemic control, providing physical activity and nutrition advice and providing updated diabetes education and foot examination. Methods: Two-armed cluster randomised trial involving 44 general practices. Primary outcomes (at 12 months follow-up): from electronic medical records, the proportion of patients receiving additional prescriptions for blood pressure and insulin initiation for glycaemic control and having a foot examination; and from a patient survey of a random sample of 100 patients per practice, reported receipt of updated diabetes education and physical activity and nutrition advice. Results: The implementation intervention did not lead to statistically significant improvement on any of the six clinical behaviours. 1,138,105 prescriptions were assessed. Intervention (29% to 37% patients) and control arms (31% to 35%) increased insulin initiation relative to baseline but were not statistically significantly different at follow-up (IRR 1.18, 95% CI 0.95-1.48). Intervention (45% to 53%) and control practices (45% to 50%) increased blood pressure prescription from baseline to follow-up but were not statistically significantly different at follow-up (IRR 1.05, 95% CI 0.96 to 1.16). Intervention (75 to 78%) and control practices (74 to 79%) increased foot examination relative to baseline; control practices increased statistically significantly more (OR 0.84, 95% CI 0.75-0.94). Fewer patients in intervention (33%) than control practices (40%) reported receiving updated diabetes education (OR = 0.74, 95% CI 0.57-0.97). No statistically significant differences were observed in patient reports of having had a discussion about nutrition (intervention = 73%; control = 72%; OR = 0.98, 95% CI 0.59-1.64) or physical activity (intervention = 57%; control = 62%; OR = 0.79, 95% CI 0. 56-1.11). Development and delivery of the intervention cost 1191 pound per practice. Conclusions: There was no measurable benefit to practices' participation in this intervention. Despite widespread use of outreach interventions worldwide, there is a need to better understand which techniques at which intensity are optimally suited to address the multiple clinical behaviours involved in improving care for type 2 diabetes.
Explicit positive assessments in personal training : Their design and sequential and embodied environment
Huhtamäki, Martina; Grahn, Inga-Lill (2022)
This paper examines explicit positive assessments (EPAs) in personal training, that is, the personal trainer's positive evaluations of the client's physical performance, including comments such as bra ('good'). The data consist of video-recorded training-sessions in Swedish from Finland and Sweden. The methodological framework is interactional linguistics, and the study explores the actions that EPAs perform as well as their linguistic design and embodied and sequential environment. The main actions performed by EPAs in personal training include transitioning between activities, encouraging the client, and making positive evaluations. The personal trainer (PT) may vary the lexical, syntactic, prosodic, and embodied features of the EPA to emphasize any of these actions or a combination of them. Overall, EPAs are a central resource for fulfilling the institutional goals of personal training by guiding the clients through the training-program and motivating them. In addition to their use as feedback on actions in the present moment, EPAs also include forward-focusing aspects aimed at guiding clients' future behavior. (c) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Fostering Students' Collaborative Learning Competencies and Professional Conduct in the Context of Two Gross Anatomy Courses in Veterinary Medicine
Laakkonen, Juha; Muukkonen, Hanni (2019)
Genome-wide association study of nocturnal blood pressure dipping in hypertensive patients
Rimpelä, Jenni M.; Pörsti, Ilkka H.; Jula, Antti; Lehtimäki, Terho; Niiranen, Teemu J.; Oikarinen, Lasse; Porthan, Kimmo; Tikkakoski, Antti; Virolainen, Juha; Kontula, Kimmo K.; Hiltunen, Timo P. (2018)
Background: Reduced nocturnal fall (non-dipping) of blood pressure (BP) is a predictor of cardiovascular target organ damage. No genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on BP dipping have been previously reported. Methods: To study genetic variation affecting BP dipping, we conducted a GWAS in Genetics of Drug Responsiveness in Essential Hypertension (GENRES) cohort (n = 204) using the mean night-to-day BP ratio from up to four ambulatory BP recordings conducted on placebo. Associations with P<1 x 10(-5) were further tested in two independent cohorts: Haemodynamics in Primary and Secondary Hypertension (DYNAMIC) (n = 183) and Dietary, Lifestyle and Genetic determinants of Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome (DILGOM) (n = 180). We also tested the genome-wide significant single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) for association with left ventricular hypertrophy in GENRES. Results: In GENRES GWAS, rs4905794 near BCL11B achieved genome-wide significance (beta = - 4.8%, P = 9.6 x 10(-9) for systolic and beta = - 4.3%, P = 2.2 x 10(-6) for diastolic night-to-day BP ratio). Seven additional SNPs in five loci had P values <1 x 10(-5). The association of rs4905794 did not significantly replicate, even though in DYNAMIC the effect was in the same direction (beta = - 0.8%, P = 0.4 for systolic and beta = - 1.6%, P = 0.13 for diastolic night-to-day BP ratio). In GENRES, the associations remained significant even during administration of four different antihypertensive drugs. In separate analysis in GENRES, rs4905794 was associated with echocardiographic left ventricular mass (beta = -7.6 g/m(2), P = 0.02). Conclusions: rs4905794 near BCL11B showed evidence for association with nocturnal BP dipping. It also associated with left ventricular mass in GENRES. Combined with earlier data, our results provide support to the idea that BCL11B could play a role in cardiovascular pathophysiology.
How student-centred teaching in quantum chemistry affects students' experiences of learning and motivation-a self-determination theory perspective
Partanen, Lauri (2020)
This paper represents the second contribution from an action research study on a bachelor-level quantum chemistry and spectroscopy course. In the proposed instructional model, active learning principles are extended outside lectures to form a student-centred course structure. The new model resulted in superior learning outcomes compared to a class where active learning elements were limited to course lectures, as demonstrated by previous research. In this article, I try to understand this improvement through an analysis of student motivation and experiences in the framework of self-determination theory. Based on my analysis of student feedback data and interviews, tasks that facilitated direct interaction with peers or course staff were seen as key factors in enhancing learning and motivation. In addition, the presence of various interconnected course components that supported students at different stages of the learning process was experienced as central to learning. Together, these two publications demonstrate that the incorporation of active learning principles outside lectures can substantially improve both learning and motivation.
Improvement of Teaching and Learning Experience by Online Course Diary Tool : Qualitative Exploration of Teachers' Perspective
Kivimäki, Ville; Romanoff, Jani; Remes, Heikki (EasyChair Publications, 2021)
EPiC Series in Computing
Due to the rapid shift to online learning, it has become increasingly difficult for teachers to monitor students' learning experiences. This paper analyzes teachers' experiences with an online tool for monitoring students' metacognitive states during the learning process. Through an open-ended questionnaire, we collected teachers' aims for starting to use the tool and experienced benefits. Our results show that teachers use this tool to understand the learning status of students in greater depth and to adjust their teaching according to feedback collected during the course. Moreover, teachers reported receiving better quality summative course feedback after starting to use the tool.
Influence of melt-pond depth and ice thickness on Arctic sea-ice albedo and light transmittance
Lu, Peng; Leppäranta, Matti; Cheng, Bin; Li, Zhijun (2016)
Solar radiation drives the melting of Arctic sea ice in summer, but its parameterization in thermodynamic modeling is difficult due to the large variability of the optical properties of sea ice in space and time. Here, a two-stream radiative transfer model was developed for the propagation of solar radiation in ponded sea ice to investigate the dependence of apparent optical properties (AOPs), particularly albedo and transmittance, on sky conditions, pond depth, ice thickness, and the inherent optical properties (IOPs) of ice and water. The results of numerical experiments revealed that decrease in melt-pond albedo during melting results not only from increase in pond depth but also from decrease in underlying ice thickness, and the latter is more important for thin ice with thickness less than 1.5 m. Hence, a parameterized pond albedo as a function of both pond depth and ice thickness is more suitable for thinning Arctic sea ice than the previously used exponential function of pond depth, which is valid for thicker ice. The increase in broadband transmittance during melting can be explained by the decrease in underlying ice thickness, because its dependence on ice thickness is nearly three times stronger than on pond depth. The spectral dependence of the pond albedo on depth is significant only in the 600-900-nm band, while it depends clearly on ice thickness in the 350-600-nm band. The uncertainty resulting from the absorption coefficient of ice is limited, while the effect of scattering in ice is more important, as determined by a sensitivity study on the influence of the IOPs on the AOPs of sea ice. The two-stream model provides a time-efficient parameterization of the AOPs for ponded sea ice, accounting for both absorption and scattering, and has potential for implementation into sea-ice thermodynamic models to explain the role of melt ponds in the summer decay of Arctic sea ice. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Perceptions of Finnish Upper Secondary School Students of the Assessment Practices of Their Teachers
Mäkipää, Toni; Ouakrim-Soivio, Najat (2020)
The paper addresses Finnish students' perceptions of assessment practices in upper secondary school. We study what experiences students have about assessment, and how they assess their ability to use and understand teachers' feedback. The data were gathered on a web-based questionnaire to 918 students in four upper secondary schools. The questionnaire contained both closed-ended and open-ended questions. According to students' responses, most students consider that they are able to use and understand their teachers' feedback, and that teachers are prone to apply traditional assessment methods. The results pave the way for enhancing versatility in assessment practices. At the end of this paper, we will discuss the important role of assessment in teaching and how teachers' assessment literacy could be enhanced and made more visible. We also ponder whether alongside teachers' assessment literacy we should also consider students' assessment literacy.
Plant-plant interactions and N fertilization shape soil bacterial and fungal communities
Guo, Qingxue; Yan, Lijuan; Korpelainen, Helena; Niinemets, Ülo; Li, Chunyang (2019)
The impact of conspecific and heterospecific neighboring plants on soil bacterial and fungal communities has never been explored in a forest ecosystem. In the present study, we first investigated soil microbial communities in three plantations: Larix kaempferi monoculture, L. olgensis monoculture and their mixture. Then, a two-year growth experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of intra- and inter-specific interactions of L. kaempferi and L. olgensis on rhizosphere microbial communities at two different nitrogen levels. The results demonstrated clear differences in the beta-diversity and composition of bacteria and fungi among the three plantations, which implied the presence of different effects of plant-plant interactions on soil microbial communities. The results of the pot experiment showed that L. kaempferi suffered from greater neighbor effects from its conspecific neighbor regardless of N fertilization, although the effect declined when L. kaempferi was grown with L. olgensis under N fertilization. Changes in intra- and inter-specific plant interactions significantly impacted the chemical and biological properties of soil under N fertilization, with lower concentrations of NH4+, and lower soil microbial biomass (C-Mic) and soil carbon nitrogen biomass (N-Mic) under intra-specific plant interactions of L. kaempferi (KK) compared to inter-specific interactions of L. kaempferi and L. olgensis (KO). N fertilization increased bacterial and fungal alpha diversities in the rhizosphere soil of KO. For the beta diversity, the PERMANOVA results demonstrated that there was a significant impact of intra- and inter-specific plant interactions on soil microbial communities, with KK significantly differing from intra-specific plant interactions of L. olgensis (OO) and KO. The two plant species and N fertilization showed specific effects on the soil microbial composition, particularly on the fungal community. Both L. olgensis and N fertilization increased the abundance of Ascomycota but reduced that of Basidiomycota, and even shifted the dominance from Basidiomycota to Ascomycota under KO combined with N fertilization.
Sensory expert assessor's learning practices at workplace : Competencies and contexts in sensory evaluation
Savela-Huovinen, Ulriikka; Muukkonen, Hanni; Toom, Auli (2018)
The aim of this study was to identify competencies and learning contexts that are central when a standardized sensory expert assessor conducts food sensory evaluations in an authentic professional context. The aim was to answer the following questions: first, according to accessors, what competencies does sensory evaluation require? Second, what contexts of sensory evaluation do assessors report on? Thirteen assessors from three Finnish food companies were interviewed using semi-structured thematic interviews to map competencies and development intentions and explain established practices. In the study, 42% of analysis units described individual evaluation contexts, 53% described collaborative interactional contexts, and 5% described collaborative knowledge creation contexts. The findings contribute to the explanation of how assessors learn extensively from each other in collaborative interactional and knowledge creation contexts. Assessors' learning practices and abilities to work collaboratively in interactional and knowledge creation contexts need to be ensured for the development of expertise. Practical applicationsOur findings suggest that an important aspect of enhancing learning and achieving consistent results in assessors' work is to increase collaborative and knowledge creating practices in sensory training, in addition to training individual skills. Such practices are embedded in daily practices, especially the cases when product defects were sought and discussed. Advanced practices included: learning, sharing, and reviewing both external and in-house consumer panel feedback, developing methods to moderate small-panel evaluations and developing a product vocabulary collectively between the assessors. These practices supported sensory expert assessors in developing their personal and collective expertise in the workplace.
Signatures of the Many Supermassive Black Hole Mergers in a Cosmologically Forming Massive Early-type Galaxy
Mannerkoski, Matias; Johansson, Peter H.; Rantala, Antti; Naab, Thorsten; Liao, Shihong; Rawlings, Alexander (2022)
We model here the merger histories of the supermassive black hole (SMBH) population in the late stages of a cosmological simulation of a similar to 2 x 10(13) M (circle dot) galaxy group. The gravitational dynamics around the several tens of SMBHs (M (center dot) > 7.5 x 10(7) M (circle dot)) hosted by the galaxies in the group is computed at high accuracy using regularized integration with the KETJU code. The 11 SMBHs that form binaries and a hierarchical triplet eventually merge after hardening through dynamical friction, stellar scattering, and gravitational wave (GW) emission. The binaries form at eccentricities of e similar to 0.3-0.9, with one system evolving to a very high eccentricity of e = 0.998, and merge on timescales of a few tens to several hundred megayears. During the simulation, the merger-induced GW recoil kicks eject one SMBH remnant from the central host galaxy. This temporarily drives the galaxy off the M (center dot)-sigma relation; however, the galaxy returns to the relation due to subsequent galaxy mergers, which bring in new SMBHs. This showcases a possible mechanism contributing to the observed scatter of the M (center dot)-sigma relation. Finally, we show that pulsar timing arrays and LISA would be able to detect parts of the GW signals from the SMBH mergers that occur during the similar to 4 Gyr time span simulated with KETJU.
SUPERNOVA DRIVING. III. SYNTHETIC MOLECULAR CLOUD OBSERVATIONS
Padoan, Paolo; Juvela, Mika; Pan, Liubin; Haugbolle, Troels; Nordlund, Åke (2016)
We present a comparison of molecular clouds (MCs) from a simulation of supernova (SN) driven interstellar medium (ISM) turbulence with real MCs from the Outer Galaxy Survey. The radiative transfer calculations to compute synthetic CO spectra are carried out assuming that the CO relative abundance depends only on gas density, according to four different models. Synthetic MCs are selected above a threshold brightness temperature value, T-B,T-min = 1.4 K, of the J = 1 - 0 (CO)-C-12 line, generating 16 synthetic catalogs (four different spatial resolutions and four CO abundance models), each containing up to several thousands MCs. The comparison with the observations focuses on the mass and size distributions and on the velocity-size and mass-size Larson relations. The mass and size distributions are found to be consistent with the observations, with no significant variations with spatial resolution or chemical model, except in the case of the unrealistic model with constant CO abundance. The velocity-size relation is slightly too steep for some of the models, while the mass-size relation is a bit too shallow for all models only at a spatial resolution dx approximate to 1 pc. The normalizations of the Larson relations show a clear dependence on spatial resolution, for both the synthetic and the real MCs. The comparison of the velocity-size normalization suggests that the SN rate in the Perseus arm is approximately 70% or less of the rate adopted in the simulation. Overall, the realistic properties of the synthetic clouds confirm that SN-driven turbulence can explain the origin and dynamics of MCs.
Technology enhanced assessment: Ottawa consensus statement and recommendations
Fuller, Richard; Goddard, Viktoria C. T.; Nadarajah, Vishna D.; Treasure-Jones, Tamsin; Yeates, Peter; Scott, Karen; Webb, Alexandra; Valter, Krisztina; Pyörälä, Eeva (2022)
INTRODUCTION In 2011, a consensus report was produced on technology-enhanced assessment (TEA), its good practices, and future perspectives. Since then, technological advances have enabled innovative practices and tools that have revolutionised how learners are assessed. In this updated consensus, we bring together the potential of technology and the ultimate goals of assessment on learner attainment, faculty development, and improved healthcare practices. METHODS As a material for the report, we used the scholarly publications on TEA in both HPE and general higher education, feedback from 2020 Ottawa Conference workshops, and scholarly publications on assessment technology practices during the Covid-19 pandemic. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION The group identified areas of consensus that remained to be resolved and issues that arose in the evolution of TEA. We adopted a three-stage approach (readiness to adopt technology, application of assessment technology, and evaluation/dissemination). The application stage adopted an assessment 'lifecycle' approach and targeted five key foci: (1) Advancing authenticity of assessment, (2) Engaging learners with assessment, (3) Enhancing design and scheduling, (4) Optimising assessment delivery and recording learner achievement, and (5) Tracking learner progress and faculty activity and thereby supporting longitudinal learning and continuous assessment.
The challenge of simulating the star cluster population of dwarf galaxies with resolved interstellar medium
Hislop, Jessica M.; Naab, Thorsten; Steinwandel, Ulrich P.; Lahén, Natalia; Irodotou, Dimitrios; Johansson, Peter; Walch, Stefanie (2022)
We present results on the star cluster properties from a series of high resolution smoothed particles hydrodynamics (SPH) simulations of isolated dwarf galaxies as part of the GRIFFIN project. The simulations at sub-parsec spatial resolution and a minimum particle mass of 4 M-circle dot incorporate non-equilibrium heating, cooling, and chemistry processes, and realize individual massive stars. The simulations follow feedback channels of massive stars that include the interstellar-radiation field variable in space and time, the radiation input by photo-ionization and supernova explosions. Varying the star formation efficiency per free-fall time in the range epsilon(ff) = 0.2-50 per cent neither changes the star formation rates nor the outflow rates. While the environmental densities at star formation change significantly with epsilon(ff), the ambient densities of supernovae are independent of epsilon(ff) indicating a decoupling of the two processes. At low epsilon(ff), gas is allowed to collapse more before star formation, resulting in more massive, and increasingly more bound star clusters are formed, which are typically not destroyed. With increasing epsilon(ff), there is a trend for shallower cluster mass functions and the cluster formation efficiency Gamma for young bound clusters decreases from 50 per cent to similar to 1 per cent showing evidence for cluster disruption. However, none of our simulations form low mass (
The core-cusp problem : a matter of perspective
Genina, Anna; Benitez-Llambay, Alejandro; Frenk, Carlos S.; Cole, Shaun; Fattahi, Azadeh; Navarro, Julio F.; Oman, Kyle A.; Sawala, Till; Theuns, Tom (2018)
The existence of two kinematically and chemically distinct stellar subpopulations in the Sculptor and Fornax dwarf galaxies offers the opportunity to constrain the density profile of their matter haloes by measuring the mass contained within the well-separated half-light radii of the two metallicity subpopulations. Walker and Penarrubia have used this approach to argue that data for these galaxies are consistent with constant-density 'cores' in their inner regions and rule out 'cuspy' Navarro-Frenk-White (NFW) profiles with high statistical significance, particularly in the case of Sculptor. We test the validity of these claims using dwarf galaxies in the APOSTLE (A Project Of Simulating The Local Environment) Lambda cold dark matter cosmological hydrodynamic simulations of analogues of the Local Group. These galaxies all have NFW dark matter density profiles and a subset of them develop two distinct metallicity subpopulations reminiscent of Sculptor and Fornax. We apply a method analogous to that of Walker and Penarrubia to a sample of 50 simulated dwarfs and find that this procedure often leads to a statistically significant detection of a core in the profile when in reality there is a cusp. Although multiple factors contribute to these failures, the main cause is a violation of the assumption of spherical symmetry upon which the mass estimators are based. The stellar populations of the simulated dwarfs tend to be significantly elongated and, in several cases, the two metallicity populations have different asphericity and are misaligned. As a result, a wide range of slopes of the density profile are inferred depending on the angle from which the galaxy is viewed.
The Formation of Low-metallicity Globular Clusters in Dwarf Galaxy Mergers
Lahen, Natalia; Naab, Thorsten; Johansson, Peter H.; Elmegreen, Bruce; Hu, Chia-Yu; Walch, Stefanie (2019)
We present a hydrodynamical simulation at sub-parsec and few-solar-mass resolution of a merger between two gas-rich dwarf galaxies. Our simulation includes a detailed model for the multi-phase interstellar medium and is able to follow the entire formation history of spatially resolved star clusters, including feedback from individual massive stars. Shortly after the merger we find a population of similar to 900 stellar clusters with masses above 10(2.5) M-circle dot and a cluster mass function (CMF), which is well fitted with a power law with a slope of alpha = -1.70 +/- 0.08. We describe here in detail the formation of the three most massive clusters (M-* greater than or similar to 10(5) M-circle dot), which populate the high-mass end of the CMF. The simulated clusters form rapidly on a timescale of 6-8 Myr in converging flows of dense gas. The embedded merger phase has extremely high star formation rate surface densities of Sigma(SFR) > 10 M-circle dot yr(-1) kpc(-2) and thermal gas pressures in excess of Pth similar to 10(7) K-B cm(-3))(-1). The formation process is terminated by rapid gas expulsion driven by the first generation of supernovae, after which the cluster centers relax and both their structure and kinematics become indistinguishable from observed local globular clusters (GCs). The simulation presented here provides a general model for the formation of metal-poor GCs in chemically unevolved starbursting environments of low-mass dwarf galaxies, which are common at high redshifts.
The impact of implementing patient-reported measures in routine maternity care : a systematic review
Chen, An; Väyrynen, Kirsi; Schmidt, Alexandra; Leskelä, Riikka-Leena; Torkki, Paulus; Heinonen, Seppo; Tekay, Aydin; Acharya, Ganesh (2022)
Introduction While there is growing interest in applying patient-reported measures (PRMs) in clinical routine, limited collective evidence of the impact of PRMs hinder their widespread use in specific contexts, such as maternity care. Our objective was to synthesize existing empirical evidence on the impact of implementing PRMs in routine maternity care. Material and methods We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines (version 2020). We electronically searched six databases for the literature on the implementation of PRMs in maternity care. A multi-level (woman, clinical, organizational, national and societal) analytic framework for analyzing and synthesizing empirically proven impacts of PRMs was developed. Quality was assessed using the Mixed Method Appraisal Tool. The GRADE-CERQual approach was used to assess the confidence in the review findings and arguments. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021234501). Results Overall, 4971 articles were screened. The empirical evidence, collected from 11 relevant studies, showed that the use of PRMs in routine maternity care could produce positive effects on clinical process (assessment and detection of health problems, clinical visit preparation, resource use, woman-professional communication, decision-making, woman-professional relationship, and care quality), and health behavior and outcomes (women's health and wellbeing, quality of life, health behavior, experiences and satisfaction with healthcare services), awareness, engagement and self-management of own health, and disclosure of health issues. The confidence in the review findings was low to moderate due to a limited number of studies, inadequate data and methodological limitations of included studies. Conclusions The limited empirical evidence available suggested that the use of PRMs may have positive effects at the individual health level and clinical process level. However, the evidence was not strong enough to provide policy recommendations on the use of PRMs in routine maternity care. This review revealed limitations of currently available research, such as lack of generalizability and narrow scopes in investigating impact. Efforts are needed to improve the quality of research on the use of PRMs in routine maternity care by widening the study population, including different types of PRMs, and considering the effects of PRMs at different levels and domains of healthcare.


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Irrfan Khan passes away| Angrezi Medium actor breathed his last in Mumbai Hospital
By Rohit Sindhu, Updated : Apr 29, 2020 12:39 IST
Bollywood actor Actor Irrfan Khan passes away at Kokilaben Hospital in Mumbai while battling a rare cancer. He was surrounded by his family as he breathed his last. Angrezi Medium actor was battling a rare Cancer and on Wednesday breathed his last in Mumbai based Hospital. As per official reports Bollywood actor Irfan Khan took his last breath on Wednesday. He passed away at an age of 54 years. He was suffering from colon infection and was admitted in Mumbai's Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital. Many actors have tweeted expressing their grief about Irfan Khan's sudden demise.
Irrfan Khan passes away
Actor Irrfan Khan passes away at Kokilaben Hospital in Mumbai while battling a rare cancer. He was surrounded by his family as he breathed his last. Actor Irrfan Khan has died at the age of 54, after being admitted to Mumbai's Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital on Tuesday, where was under observation for colon infection. The actor in 2018 had announced that he'd been diagnosed with a neuroendocrine tumour.
Bollywood actor Irrfan Khan has left this world, said Hospital doctors. On Tuesday, Irrfan Khan was admitted to a hospital in Mumbai due to colon infection. Meanwhile, there were various rumors about him. Although his team said that he is strong and fighting. According to reports received on Wednesday, Irrfan Khan has passed away. Filmmaker Shujit Sarkar has consoled his family by tweeting. Bollywood mourns over the actor's loss.
Actor Irrfan Khan passes away at Kokilaben Hospital in Mumbai while battling a rare cancer. He was surrounded by his family as he breathed his last: Statement pic.twitter.com/Ca4BcmE9KR
— ANI (@ANI) April 29, 2020
Initially at 12 passed 14 Filmmaker Soojit Sarkar, who worked with the actor in the film Piku (2015) took to Twitter to condole the actor's sudden demise.
In 2018 Irfan Khan was diagnosed with a neuroendocrine tumor. He was undergoing treatment in London. He then returned to India after his health improved. His mother had passed away recently. He could not attend her funeral due to the lockdown. For the past several months, he has been providing routine checkups and treatments related to his illness at Kokilaben Hospital. It is said that his health deteriorated even during the film 'Angrezi Medium'. In such a situation, the entire unit had to stop the shoot. When Irfan felt better, the shot was taken again.
In Indian Cinema, his most famous films include his debut, the Academy Award-nominated Salaam Bombay!, Maqbool (2004), Paan Singh Tomar (2011), The Lunchbox (2013), Haider (2014), Gunday (2014), Piku (2015) and Talvar (2015) and Hindi Medium (2017).
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Resolute Systems Neutral Reginald Holmes to Speak at California International Arbitration Week
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Judge Thomas Mulroy (Ret.) Highlights Chicago Bar Association 4-Part MCLE Series
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Resolute Systems Neutral Reginald Holmes Interviewed Regarding U.S. Arbitration Bill
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Judge Thomas Mulroy To Speak At The CBA'S February 3rd CLE Webcast On "There Is No Difference Between A Bench Trial And An Arbitration"
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Resolute Systems Mediator Patrick F. Lustig Inducted into Prestigious NADN
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Judge Thomas Mulroy to Moderate and Speak at the Chicago Bar Association's January 26th CLE Webcast on Arbitration
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Judge Joseph Spinola to Speak at the Transportation Lawyers Association 2022 Chicago Regional Seminar and Boot Camp
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Judge Thomas R. Mulroy (Ret.) Joins Resolute in Chicago
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Resolute Mediator Richard Sankovitz to Speak at The Milwaukee Bar Association Law & Technology Conference
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Resolute Voted #1 Overall ADR Provider in the New Jersey Law Journal Best of 2021 Survey
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Chicago Law Bulletin Article on Judge James Henry
Judge David Brodsky, ret. Joins Resolute Systems
Hon. James F. Henry, ret. in Memoriam
Judge John H. Rouse (Ret.) Joins Resolute in New York
Resolute Welcomes Former Federal U.S. Court of Appeals Judge Hon. Bernice B. Donald (Ret.) to its National Panel of Mediator/Arbitrators
Resolute Receives Diversity Award from DRI
Resolute Mediators Faustin Pipal and Jennifer Duncan-Brice to Speak at IDC Conference
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welcome to the guestbook of our international C64-Wiki project. To make an entry, just edit the page, add your text at the top, and press the "Submit" button, done! I hope you have lots of fun browsing through this wiki and maybe taking part in it.
PS: Please use this guestbook only for entries in English. For German visitors there is a German guestbook in the German project of the C64-Wiki. Thank you !
Awesome website, I use it for programming VICE. Much material in an easily readable and pleasing format. Thank you C64-Wiki!
This is lovely, it take me back to 1983 when I got my first 64. I got little time in our days.However I just got myself CBM. And I am currently looking for Good 64 !
Just want to say hello and I enjoy the wiki page you've set up. I look forward to creating an author account soon and writing a few articles on games here in the near future. I grew up with the C64 in the mid-1980s and first learned how to program in basic and pascal on this system. Also, as a result, I became a video game addict because of this damn computer and am still playing its games on emulators to this day. Ahh....64, the penultimate nostalgia for vg-addicts.
Hi jdinfinity, thank you! It would be great to have your help here.
A great start! I was looking for nice details on the various cart based drive replacements, and found this site. The German portal is very impressive, detailed information and current. One note, on the english pages, it should be VIC, not VC on all the names.
You can tell us your opinion of this project about the C64 and the C64-Wiki. The guestbook is opened.
This page has been accessed 363,581 times.


Deposition of titanium carbide (TiC) thin film on 304 stainless steel was investigated by the plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) method using a 5% C2H2 + 95% Ar gas mixture as a reactant gases and carbon source with titanium plate as a target. Physical and mechanical properties of the synthesized TiC thin film on 304 stainless steel were studied to determine its potential application as a protective layer for first wall of Tokamaks. X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed that the crystalline structures of TiC (111 and 220) for sample without annealing and TiC (111, 220 and 311) for sample with annealing at 1000 °C for 1 h, was formed. The XPS Ti 2p spectrum of sample shows two peaks related to the binding energies of 455.3 eV (the photoelectron peaks of Ti 2p 3/2) and 460.9 eV (the photoelectron peaks of Ti 2p 1/2). Also, the C 1s spectra with the binding energy of 281.3 eV was seen in XPS analysis. TiC film of about 10.9 μm thickness was observed on scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image. The morphological feature like statistical parameters, the motifs analysis and the watershed segmentation of the thin film 3D surface of TiC films were investigated by the AFM analysis and MountainsMap Premium 7.2 (64-bit version) and Gwyddion softwares. Also, the effect of annealing on Minkowski functionals of TiC samples were studied. At the end, we can conclude that TiC NPs synthesized in this work by PECVD method have uniformly deposition. All results of AFM analysis provide general insight of nanostructures and properties of these thin films and can be used to achieve to a new topography model of the thin film 3D surface.


Will my ex-partner be convicted of "false imprisonment"?
My (ex) boyfriend kept me against my will in my business premises alone for around six hours about two weeks ago. When I eventually escaped and got into my car to drive away, he followed me in his car and crashed into me 3 times eventually forcing me off the road. Two witnesses then stopped to help me and he drove off. The police are now dealing with the matter and have placed me at "high risk" of domestic violence but he has been bailed in the meantime and pleads not guilty to the charges of false imprisonment and dangerous driving. Do I stand any chance in court of him not getting away with this?
Will the two witnesses be able to speak for you in court? I would imagine, if so you have a much better chance. Did you speak to the lawyer that will be handling the case in court? I would think that person would be best at letting you know how strong the case is against him.
I wish you well and be safe.
Is there any previous police involvement? Does he have a criminal record?
The dangerous driving might get him some jail time because it does seem there was in intent to maim, if not kill. During your confinement, were there any weapons used? Did he harm you?
He sounds like a bad dude. I hope things work out in your favour.
Are you safe now? Are there people around that can protect you or give you safe shelter?
You should be talking to the district attorney if you're in the US. I'm sure your lawyer can direct you, and maybe get an appointment so you don't have to deal with it yourself. A conviction, or multiple convictions should be a slam dunk.
he has a lengthy previous record of assaults, gbh, burglary, theft, posession of drugs, affray, public disorder, criminal damage. He also had an alias I discovered when I was taken to the police station. I am in the UK so I dont think the jury are allowed to know this before hearing the trial. He had no weapons in the shop but when I tried to leave he dragged me back in causing me to fall. Luckily my witnesses to the driving are willing to go to court but I am woried he will just get done for dangerous driving and not false imprisonment which I think will just mean a driving ban. He has punched me in the face before and I foolishly took him back despite being warned that his violence would surface again. His defence is that the doors were not locked which is true but I was too scared to try and leave as he was shouting the whole time and like I said, when I did try to get out, he dragged me back in. I have a restraining order in place at the moment as part of his bail conditions.
I am in my house the whole time because one the one occassion I left and stayed overnight with my friend, the police called me to say my alrams had been activated which I assume means he had a key to my property (he has had access many times to my house keys during our relationship). I have since had all my locks changed.
My (ex) boyfriend kept me against my will in my business premises alone for around six hours about two weeks ago. When I eventually escaped and got into my car to drive away, he followed me in his car and crashed into me 3 times eventually forcing me off the road.
Both are very serious offences. And you say he got bail!
Egads, DorothyP, I'm sorry to hear this. Will be thinking of you. You might need to shore up the local talent - from getting acquainted with a good women's shelter and the people who run it, if only for present advice, and maybe they know some names of useful advisors, attorneys, useful police people, etc.
You might also look up some of JustBrooke's threads, she's wise about much of this kind of situation.
I am so sorry to hear that, Dorothy. I know you have a little girl and this must be frightening for her too.
made bail. False imprisonment, attempted murder would be enough to keep him in prison.
will pay for his crimes. Has he hurt you physicially in any other way?
he has a lengthy previous record of assaults, gbh, burglary, theft, posession of drugs, affray, public disorder, criminal damage. ... He has punched me in the face before and I foolishly took him back despite being warned that his violence would surface again.
Dorothy, Dorothy, Dorothy. What were you thinking???
Regarding his defence, it's irrelevant if you knew the doors were locked or not. The fact is, he intimidated you, and with his history and if you get a decent lawyer, he'll go to jail. I wouldn't think ramming your car was attempted murder, but it's violent and that's not going to look good for him.
Get a good lawyer and don't go out with people like him again, for Pete's sake!
Thanks for the replies everyone. His hearing to plead guilty or not came and went without any plea being reached due to some "loophole" and has now been put back until 15th August. I can't believe he got bail either. No, he had no weapons but he is very tall and very well built and strong and having had a punch in the face from him before, he would not need any weapon to hurt me badly.
After guilty plea he was given a 12 month driving ban with retest, 2 month curfew on electronic tag and anger management course.
Good to read that he got at least that.
Screw him. How are you?
Yeah screw him. I'm ok thanks for asking. Just glad it's over to be honest.
I can imagine. It's good to see you here and I'm glad that you're ok.
» Will my ex-partner be convicted of "false imprisonment"?


Paperback, 8.25 x 10.75 in. / 208 pgs / 500 color.
Initiated in 2015, the European Digital Art and Science Network is composed of renowned research institutions (ESA, CERN, ESO) that collaborate with the Ars Electronica Futurelab to provide residencies for artists. This book presents the seven artistic projects and residencies.
FORMAT: Pbk, 8.25 x 10.75 in. / 208 pgs / 500 color.


text:
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Climate Change New Jersey
Climate Basics
NJ Climate Data
Climate Mitigation for NJ
Appliance & Equipment Efficiency Standards
Clean Hydrogen in NJ
GWRA 80x50 Report
Natural & Working Lands Strategy
Natural Climate Solutions Grant
Climate Resilience for NJ
Resilience Action Plans
Climate Change Resilience Strategy
Workshop: Funding and Financing Resilience
Coastal Resilience Plan
Flood Resource Toolkit
Available Trainings
NJ CERAP
New Jersey Climate Data
Studies that focus on New Jersey and the Northeast region are vital to understanding the statewide impacts of climate change. This research will help to inform the state's policies to reduce greenhouse gases, improve resiliency and explore mitigation strategies. Click below to learn about the scientific indicators of Climate Change in New Jersey, statewide greenhouse gas emissions, and regional climate change research.
2020 New Jersey Scientific Report on Climate Change
DEP's first scientific report on climate change summarizes the current state of knowledge regarding the effects of climate change on New Jersey's environment to inform state and local decision-makers as they seek to understand and respond to the impacts of climate change. This report identifies and presents the best available science and existing data regarding the current and anticipated environmental effects of climate change globally, nationally, and regionally.
Scientific Report on Climate Change at-a-glance
Sea-level Rise
Resource and Ecosystem Impacts
Research and Data Gaps
Human Health Addendum
New Jersey produced a comprehensive report on the impacts of climate change on human health and communities by adding a human health addendum to its 2020 New Jersey Scientific Report on Climate Change. Understanding how these new environmental challenges will directly and indirectly affect New Jersey residents is essential to establishing strategies that can effectively and equitably protect and improve health outcomes throughout our State.
New Jersey-Specific Studies Show Rainfall Intensity to Increase
The NJDEP has released two studies by the Northeast Regional Climate Center, a National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) partner, confirming increases in precipitation across New Jersey over the last 20 years, and projecting further increases in precipitation intensity through the end of this century due to climate change.
The studies, links below, are fill in 20 years of climate data gaps and provide rainfall projections through mid and late century. These studies are authored by Dr. Arthur DeGaetano, director of the Northeast Regional Climate Center and professor of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences at Cornell University, and are peer-reviewed by DEP's Science Advisory Board.
To visual how New Jersey will be impacted by the increases in frequency and intensity of extreme precipitation events that are expected throughout the century, check out the New Jersey Extreme Precipitation Projection Tool. The tool allows users to zoom in to local areas and view a depiction of the likely precipitation depth that would occur with various storm scenarios. Users can view a range of rainfall depths, and select options for frequencies, emission scenarios, and time periods. The tool also allows users to compare this projection with the values currently published in the NOAA Atlas 14 reference report.
Projected Changes in Extreme Rainfall in New Jersey based on an Ensemble of Downscaled Climate Model Projections (2021)
Report | Fact Sheet | Supplemental Data Tables
Science Advisory Board Peer Review Comments
Changes in Hourly and Daily Extreme Rainfall Amounts in NJ since the Publication of NOAA Atlas 14 Volume (2021)
Report | Fact Sheet | Science Advisory Board Peer Review Comments
Press Release: New Jersey-Specific Studies Confirm Rainfall Is Intensifying Because of Climate Change
The New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection has released two studies by the Northeast Regional Climate Center, a National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) partner, confirming increases in precipitation across New Jersey over the last 20 years, and projecting further increases in precipitation intensity through the end of this century due to climate change, Environmental Protection Commissioner Shawn M. LaTourette announced today.
Press Release: During Earth Week, Murphy Administration Launches Extreme Precipitation Projection Tool to Help State Better Prepare for Climate Change
As part of its commitment to making the state more resilient to the impacts of climate change, the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection today launched an online tool that will help planners, local governments, developers and residents better understand that extreme precipitation events are increasing, as confirmed by recent studies by the Northeast Regional Climate Center. Improved understanding will help decision-makers and the public take informed actions necessary to adapt to a changing climate.
Indicators of Climate Change in New Jersey
What are Climate Change Indicators?
Indicators are observations or calculations used to track specific conditions and trends. Climate Indicators help us understand how our environmental conditions are changing so we can plan for climate impacts.
New Jersey's climate is changing. During the last century, New Jersey has experienced rising temperatures, increased rainfall, more frequent extreme weather events and rising sea levels. These changes are the result of increasing greenhouse gas emissions in the atmosphere due to human activities such as the burning of fossil fuels (coal, oil, and natural gas), agriculture, and land clearing. The indicators discussed below are those specific to New Jersey; and are not representative of all potential indicators of climate change. To learn more about climate change indicators, visit the U.S. Global Change Research Program.
How is New Jersey's Climate Changing?
Rising Temperature
Increased Rainfall
New Jersey is getting hotter!
New Jersey's average annual temperatures have increased by 3.5°F since 1895.
Since 1980 New Jersey has begun to experience more rapid warming, with five of the warmest years occurring after 1998.
2012 was the warmest year on record for New Jersey, with an average temperature that was 2.8°F above the 1981-2010 mean.
This figure shows the average statewide temperature over the last 120 years, dating back to 1895. It illustrates the upward trend in New Jersey's temperature. Source: Developed by the Office of the New Jersey State Climatologist with data from NOAA - National Centers for Environmental Information.
New Jersey is getting wetter!
Over the last 10 years, New Jersey has experienced a 7.9% increase in precipitation over the long-term average.
2018 was the wettest year on record in New Jersey, with approximately 18 inches more precipitation than normal.
Percent Change in Very Heavy Precipitation
This figure shows the average statewide precipitation dating back to 1895. It illustrates the upward trend in New Jersey's annual rainfall. Source: Developed by the Office of the New Jersey State Climatologist with data from NOAA - National Centers for Environmental Information.
Extreme weather events are happening more frequently in New Jersey!
New Jersey is experiencing more heavy rainfall events
Heavy precipitation events have increased significantly in the past two decades, occurring more than twice as often in recent years than during the past century
This map shows the percent change in very heavy precipitation across the United States. Percent increases in the amount of precipitation falling in very heavy events is defined as the top 1% of all daily events from 1958 to 2011 for each region. Source: Developed by the Office of the New Jersey State Climatologist with data from National Climate Assessment, 2014.
Frequency of Heavy Precipitation Events
in the Northeastern United States
This figure shows the dramatic increase in the frequency of Heavy Precipitation events over the last two decades. Source: Developed by the Office of the New Jersey State Climatologist with data from the NOAA National Climatic Data Center.
New Jersey is also experiencing increased intensity, frequency and duration of storm events.
Major floods (those that have caused extensive inundation of structures and roads; those that cause significant evacuations of people and/or transfer of property to higher elevations) that have occurred in New Jersey in recent years have occurred in 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2010, 2011 and 2016.
From 1980 — 2018 (April), New Jersey has sustained 42 extreme weather events with nationwide cumulative losses exceeding $1 billion (CPI Adjusted).
Hurricane Sandy (October 2012) was one of the most extreme meteorological events to affect New Jersey. The most destructive element of Sandy was the powerful storm surge. The storm surge was 9-10 feet above normal high tide levels in many areas along the New Jersey coast, and caused extensive damage and loss of life
The images above were captured after Hurricane Sandy (2012) and illustrate the magnitude of damage along the New Jersey Coast. The most destructive element of Sandy was the powerful storm surge. Copyright © 2012, Pictometry International Corp. All rights reserved.
Nationally, 2017 was a historic year of weather and climate disasters. In total, the U.S. was impacted by 16 separate billion-dollar disaster events, tying 2011 for the record number of billion-dollar disasters for an entire calendar year. 2017 ranks as the costliest year on record, with more than $300 billion in cumulative damages!
1980-2018* Billion-Dollar Weather and Climate Disasters (CPI-Adjusted)
*as of April 6, 2018
This map summarizes the number of times each state has been affected by weather and climate events over the past 30 years that have resulted in more than a billion dollars in damages. New Jersey has sustained 42 extreme weather events since 1980. Across the nation, 2017 ranks as the costliest year on record, with more than $300 billion in cumulative damages. Source: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) U.S. Billion-Dollar Weather and Climate Disasters 2018). https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/billions/.
Sea level has risen faster along the New Jersey shore than the global average!
In Atlantic City, the sea level has risen by an average rate of 1.5 inches per decade, which is approximately double the global rate of sea level rise. The greater rate of sea level rise along the NJ coast can be attributed to a combination of land subsidence (the gradual settling or sudden sinking of the Earth's surface owing to subsurface movement of earth materials) and rising water levels.
Atlantic City's Sea Level Rise
This figure shows the monthly mean sea level and the long term linear sea level trend, including its 95% confidence interval. Source: NOAA Sea Level Rise Trends, 2018. Atlantic City Sea Level records date back to 1911. Learn More
New Jersey will continue to experience Sea Level Rise. A 2019 study (pdf) led by Rutgers scientists has projected the following future rates of sea level rise:
By 2050 the sea level along New Jersey's coast is projected to rise from 0.9 – 2.1 ft.
By 2100, under a low emissions scenario the sea level along New Jersey's coast is project to rise from 1.7 – 3.9 ft.
By 2100, under a high emissions scenario the sea level along New Jersey coast is projected to rise from 2.3 - 6.3 ft.
By 2150, under a high emissions scenario the sea level along New Jersey coast is projected to rise from 3.8 - 10.3 ft.
According to the National Climate Assessment (2014) report, sea level rise of two feet, without any changes in storms, would more than triple the frequency of dangerous coastal flooding throughout most of the Northeast.
A sea level rise in line with median projections would threaten much of New Jersey's coastlines. These effects will be magnified during storm events, increasing the severity of storm-related flooding and associated erosion in coastal and bay areas. Atlantic City is predicted to experience floods as severe as those that today happen only once a century, to every year or two by the end of the century.
Total Estimated Sea Level Rise Projections
in 2050, 2100, and 2150, New Jersey
Note: All values with respect to a 1991-2009 baseline
This table summarizes the estimated sea level rise projections in 2050, 2100, and 2150 for New Jersey. For the central estimates in the table, there is a 50% probability that New Jersey sea level rise will meet or exceed the given values. For the estimates in the likely range, there is a 66% probability that sea level rise will be between the values given in each range. Source: (Kopp et al., 2019).
1 Kopp, R.E., C. Andrews, A. Broccoli, A. Garner, D. Kreeger, R. Leichenko, N. Lin, C. Little, J.A. Miller, J.K. Miller, K.G. Miller, R. Moss, P. Orton, A. Parris, D. Robinson, W. Sweet, J. Walker, C.P. Weaver, K. White, M. Campo, M. Kaplan, J. Herb, and L. Auermuller. New Jersey's Rising Seas and Changing Coastal Storms: Report of the 2019 Science and Technical Advisory Panel. Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey. Prepared for the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection. Trenton, New Jersey.
Table 1. Sea level rise projections for New Jersey. The baseline is year 2000 sea level. 1
Central Estimate
Likely Range
2050 1.4 ft. 0.9 – 2.1 ft.
Low emissions 2.8 ft. 1.7 – 3.9 ft.
High emissions 3.9 ft. 2.3 - 6.3 ft.
High emissions 6.2 ft 3.8 - 10.3 ft.
New Jersey and Northeast Climate Change Resources
New Jersey's Changing Climate (pdf)
Climate Change and Freshwater Fisheries (pdf)
Climate and Atmospheric Sciences - January 2016 (pdf)
Coastal Hazards of New Jersey: Now and with a Changing Climate
Confronting Climate Change in the U.S. Northeast (2007) (pdf)
Cyanobacterial Harmful Algal Blooms (CyanoHABs)
Helping your woodland adapt to a changing climate
Impacts of Climate Change on Marine Fish and Fisheries (pdf)
Mid-Atlantic Regional Association Coastal Ocean Observing System (MARACOOS)
Mid-Atlantic climate vulnerability assessment, uses FIA data and other sources (Northern Institute of Applied Climate Science
NJ Adapt
NJ Forest Adapt and NJ Adapt are Rutgers products with NJFS and USFS inputs
NJDEP - Climate Change Trends Report (2018) (pdf)
NJDEP - Trends - Dissolved Oxygen Levels in Estuarine & Near Shore Waters (pdf)
NJDEP - Trends - Endangered Plants of New Jersey (pdf)
NJDEP - Trends - Freshwater Ecological Health: Stream Biomonitoring- Ambient Macroinvertebrate Network (AMNET) and Fish Index of Biotic Integrity Network (FIBI) (pdf)
NJDEP Science Advisory Board for Ocean Acidification (pdf)
NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information - New Jersey Climate Summary
New Jersey Climate Report Card (2010)
New Jersey Drought Information: Current Conditions
New Jersey Precipitation Data
Northeast National Climate Assessment
Northern Forest Futures including "Future Forests of the United States" done with FIA data including NJ's part
Report of the Marine Dissolved Oxygen Work Group (pdf)
State of the Climate: 2013 New Jersey (2013)
Vulnerability of 70 Plant Species of Greatest Conservation Need to Climate Change in NJ (pdf)
National Climate Change Resources
Climate Science Special Report (pdf)
Climate Science Special Report (Website)
National Water Quality Monitoring Council›s Water Quality Monitoring Portal
Flood Hazards and Sea Level Rise Resources
Beaches, Dunes & Seaside Boardwalks
Building Ecological Solutions to Coastal Community Hazards – A Guide for New Jersey Coastal Communities (pdf)
NJ Coastal Atlas
NJ Stormwater Best Management Practices Manual
NJDEP - Coastal Vulnerability Index Mapping Tool
NOAA Sea Level Rise Viewer
Rutgers - NJ Flood Mapper
Sand Resources for Shore Protection Projects in New Jersey (pdf)
Shoreline Change
The Marsh Migration Index (MMI)
US Climate Resilience Toolkit
USGS - Potential for Shoreline Changes Due to Sea-Level Rise Along the U.S. Mid-Atlantic Region (2007) (pdf)
Vulnerability of New Jersey's Coastal Habitats to Sea Level Rise (pdf)
EPA Climate Report (2016). What Climate Changes Means for New Jersey (pdf)
NJDEP Trends Report (2018). Climate Change in New Jersey: Temperature, Precipitation, Extreme Events and Sea Level (pdf). NJDEP, Division of Science, Research, and Environmental Health.
Rutgers Climate Institute (2013). State of the Climate: New Jersey. Broccoli, A., Kaplan, M., Loikith, P., and Robinson, D.
New Jersey State Climate Summary (2017). NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Runkle, J., K. Kunkel, S. Champion, R. Frankson, B. Stewart, and W. Sweet. NOAA Technical Report NESDIS 149-NJ, 4 pp.
Office of the New Jersey State Climatologist and the Rutgers NJ Weather Network presentation [PowerPoint slides] (2018). Robinson, David.
NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (2018) U.S. Billion-Dollar Weather and Climate Disasters.
Miller, Kenneth G., Robert E. Kopp, Benjamin P. Horton, James V. Browning, and Andrew C. Kemp, 2013. A Geological Perspective on Sea-Level Rise and its Impacts along the U.S. MidAtlantic Coast. AGU Earth's Future, doi:10.1002/2013EF00013 5. A geological perspective on sea‐level rise and its impacts along the U.S. mid‐Atlantic coast.
United States Geologic Survey (USGA), 2016. New Jersey Flooding Events. Last Modified February 5, 2016.
New Jersey Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory
Regional Climate Change Research
What is the scientific community saying about climate change?
World climate scientists agree, the earth's climate is changing due to human influences. The science linking human activities to climate change is analogous to the science linking smoking to lung and cardiovascular diseases. Over 97% of climate scientists understand that humans are causing climate change. Below is a sampling of US and International scientific experts confirming this consensus, and the need for action to mitigate and adapt to the coming impacts. This is not an exhaustive list, and those with an interest for more information are encouraged to visit the sites provided.
American Scientific Societies
"The scientific evidence is clear: Global Climate Change caused by human activities is occurring now, and it is a growing threat to society." AAAS Board Statement on Climate Change (2006) (pdf)
American Association of Geographers
"Global climate change will not reverse itself without serious, sustained leadership from every nation in the world community. Its impacts on human health, world hunger, international conflicts, and macroeconomics will steadily grow unless meaningful action is taken to lessen its profound effects. The United States is a major contributor to worldwide carbon dioxide emissions and today's announcement is a significant blow to efforts to stem the tide of climate change." AAG Statement on U.S. Withdrawal from the Paris Agreement (2017)
American Geophysical Union
"Human-induced climate change requires urgent action. Humanity is the major influence on the global climate change observed over the past 50 years. Rapid societal responses can significantly lessen negative outcomes". Human-Induced Climate Change Requires Urgent Action (2013) (pdf)
"It is clear from extensive scientific evidence that the dominant cause of the rapid change in climate of the past half century is human-induced increases in the amount of atmospheric greenhouse gases, including carbon dioxide (CO2), chlorofluorocarbons, methane, and nitrous oxide." Climate Change: An Information Statement of the American Meteorological Society (2012)
U.S. National Academy of Sciences
"The scientific understanding of climate change is now sufficiently clear to justify taking steps to reduce the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere." Understanding and Responding to Climate Change (2005)
Intergovernmental Organizations
"Warming of the climate system is unequivocal, and since the 1950s, many of the observed changes are unprecedented over decades to millennia. The atmosphere and ocean have warmed, the amounts of snow and ice have diminished, and sea level has risen. IPCC Fifth Assessment Report, Summary for Policymakers (2014) (pdf)
U.S. Interagency Climate Change Research
The U.S. Global Change Research Program is comprised of 14 federal agencies working together to conduct research on global change and the impact posed on society "[t]o build a knowledge base that informs human responses to climate and global change through coordinated and integrated Federal programs of research, education, communication, and decision support." Global Change Vision, Mission, & Strategic Plan
U.S. Global Change Research Program (USGCRP)
"The global warming of the past 50 years is due primarily to human-induced increases in heat-trapping gases. Human 'fingerprints' also have been identified in many other aspects of the climate system, including changes in ocean heat content, precipitation, atmospheric moisture, and Arctic sea ice." Global Climate Change Impacts in the United States (2009) (pdf)
U.S. Global Change Research Program High Impact Reports
Climate Change Impacts in the United States (2014)
"Climate change is one of a number of global changes affecting society, the environment, and the economy; others include population growth, land use change, air and water pollution, and rising consumption of resources by growing and wealthier global population"
"Because environmental, cultural, and socioeconomic systems are tightly coupled, climate change impacts can either be amplified or reduced by cultural and socioeconomic decisions."
"While some climate changes will occur slowly, and relatively gradually, others could be rapid and dramatic, leading to unexpected breaking point in natural and social systems."
"In the Northeast, communities are affected by heat waves, more extreme precipitation events, and coastal flooding due to sea level rise and storm surge."
"Coastal Lifelines, such as water supply infrastructure and evacuation routes are increasingly vulnerable to higher sea levels and storm surges, inland flooding and other climate-related changes."
"The oceans are currently absorbing about a quarter of human-caused carbon dioxide emissions to the atmosphere and over 90% of the heat associated with global warming, leading to ocean acidification and the alteration of marine ecosystem."
Northeast Regional Water, Energy, and Land Use, with Projected Climate Change Impacts.
Source: Melillo, Jerry M., Terese (T.C.) Richmond, and Gary W. Yohe, Eds., 2014: Climate Change Impacts in the United States: The Third National Climate Assessment. U.S. Global Change Research Program, 841 pp. doi:10.7930/J0Z31WJ2.
Full Report (pdf)
Climate Change Global Food Security and the U.S. Food System (2015)
"The Potential of climate change to affect global food security is important for food producers and consumers in the United States."
"Climate change risks extend beyond agricultural production to other elements of global food systems that are critical for food security including the processing, storage, transportation, and consumption of food."
Executive Summary (pdf)
The Impacts of Climate Change on Human Health in the United States (2016)
"Climate change is a significant threat to the health of the American people. Rising greenhouse has concentrations result in increases in temperature, changes in precipitation, increases in the frequency and intensity of some extreme weather events, and rising sea levels. These climate change impacts endanger our health by affecting our food and water sources, the air we breathe, the weather we experience, and our interactions with the built and natural environments. As climate continues to change, the risks to human health continue to grow."
"Conceptual diagram illustrating the exposure pathways by which climate change affects human health. Here, the center boxes list some selected examples of the kinds of changes in climate drivers, exposure, and health outcomes explored in this report. Exposure pathways exist within the context of other factors that positively or negatively influence health outcomes (gray side boxes). Some of the key factors that influence vulnerability for individuals are shown in the right box, and include social determinants of health and behavioral choices. Some key factors that influence vulnerability at larger scales, such as natural and built environments, governance and management, and institutions, are shown in the left box. All of these influencing factors can affect an individual's or a community's vulnerability through changes in exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity and may also be affected by climate change."
"The diagram shows specific examples of how climate change can affect human health, now and in the future. These effects could occur at local, regional, or national scales. The examples listed in the first column are those described in each underlying chapter's exposure pathway diagram. Moving from left to right along one health impact row, the three middle columns show how climate drivers affect an individual's or a community's exposure to a health threat and the resulting change in health outcome. The overall climate impact is summarized in the final gray column. For a more comprehensive look at how climate change affects health, and to see the environmental, institutional, social, and behavioral factors that play an interactive role in determining health outcomes, see the exposure pathway diagrams in chapters 2-8 in the full report."
"Vector-borne diseases are illnesses that are transmitted by vectors, which include mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. These vectors can carry infective pathogens such as viruses, bacteria, and protozoa, which can be transferred from one host to another. The seasonality, distribution are influenced significantly by climate factors, primarily high and low temperature extremes and precipitation patterns. Climate change is likely to have both short and long-term effects on vector borne disease transmission and infection patterns."
"Maps show the reported cases of Lyme disease in 2001 and 2014 for the areas of the country where Lyme disease is most common (the Northeast and Upper Midwest). Both the distribution and the numbers of cases have increased (see Ch. 5: Vector Borne Diseases). (Figure source: adapted from CDC 2015)"
Climate Change Research In New Jersey
Mid-Atlantic Coastal Acidification Network
The Mid-Atlantic Coastal Acidification Network (MACAN) seeks to answer basic questions about the intensity, frequency, and location of acidification events.
https://midacan.org/
Montclair State University Clean Energy and Sustainability Analytics Center
"The Clean Energy and Sustainability Analytics Center is a public research and technical assistance center for the State of New Jersey to identify, quantify, and interpret the ramifications for the state of clean energy development and to facilitate energy planning. The Center provides support for clean energy policies, technology, and practices through research and education programs. The Center seeks to develop an approach for clean energy analysis and provide long-term environmental and economic solutions for New Jersey, in order to build a sustainable energy economy."
https://www.montclair.edu/clean-energy-sustainability-analytics/
Monmouth University Urban Coastal Institute
"UCI and the New Jersey Sea Grant Consortium jointly employ a community resilience and climate change adaptation specialist who assists coastal communities in assessing their vulnerability to climate change, learning how sea level rise may impact their waterfront areas, and seeking access to technical expertise, grant funding and more."
https://www.monmouth.edu/uci/
Princeton University Cooperative Institute for Climate Science
"The Cooperative Institute for Climate Science (CICS) is a collaboration between Princeton University and the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) to carry out basic research in the climate sciences."
https://www.princeton.edu/cics/
Princeton University Andlinger Center for Energy and the Environment
"The mission of the Andlinger Center for Energy and the Environment is to develop solutions to ensure our energy and environmental future. To this end, the center supports a vibrant and expanding program of research and teaching in the areas of sustainable energy-technology development, energy efficiency, and environmental protection and remediation. A chief goal of the center is to translate fundamental knowledge into practical solutions that enable sustainable energy production and the protection of the environment and global climate from energy-related anthropogenic change."
https://acee.princeton.edu/about/
Princeton University Carbon Mitigation Institute
"The mission of the Carbon Mitigation Initiative (CMI) is to lead the way to a compelling and sustainable solution of the carbon and climate change problem."
https://cmi.princeton.edu/
Office of the New Jersey State Climatologist Rutgers University
The Office of the New Jersey State Climatologist gathers and archives data on climate conditions in New Jersey, conducts and fosters research concerning the climate of New Jersey and educates and informs the citizens of New Jersey on matters related to climate." Examples of basic research range from developing a thunderstorm climatology to investigating past and potential future climate change across New Jersey."
https://climate.rutgers.edu/stateclim/
Rutgers Climate Institute
"The Rutgers Climate Institute is a University-wide effort to address one of the most important issues of our time through research, education and outreach. The Institute draws upon strengths in many departments at Rutgers by facilitating collaboration across a broad range of disciplines in the natural, social and policy sciences."
https://climatechange.rutgers.edu/
Rutgers New Jersey Climate Adaptation Alliance
"The New Jersey Climate Adaptation Alliance was formed in response to a diverse group of stakeholders who came together on November 29, 2011 at Rutgers University to participate in the conference "Preparing New Jersey for Climate Change: A Workshop for Decision-Makers."
"A changing climate and rising sea levels will have a devastating impact on New Jersey's economy, the health of our residents, the State's natural resources, and the extensive infrastructure system that delivers transportation services, energy and clean water to millions of New Jerseyans."
The New Jersey Climate Adaptation Alliance website provides a directory of resources focused on climate impacts in New Jersey and the Northeast Region.
https://njadapt.rutgers.edu/
Rutgers Coastal Climate Risk and Resilience
"C2R2 focuses on four grand challenges that link together physical, ecological, socio-economic and engineered coastal systems:
Past & Present Dynamics of Coastal Hazards, Vulnerabilities and Risk
Future Changes to Coastal Hazards, Vulnerability, and Risks:
Strategies for Resilient Coastal Systems:
Knowledge to Increase Coastal Resilience: " (Abbreviated)
https://c2r2.rutgers.edu/
Center for Remote Sensing and Spatial Analysis
Coastal & Marine Projects
https://crssa.rutgers.edu/coastal_marine.html
Stockton University Coastal Research Center
"Stockton University Coastal Research Center (CRC) originated in 1981 to assist local municipalities with coastal environmental issues related to recurring storm damage and shoreline retreat. Since then the CRC has been working on shoreline monitoring and assessment programs with the State of New Jersey and several municipalities in New Jersey. The CRC has also been a resource for geotechnical data working on numerous projects with Federal, State and municipal governments. With over 20 years of experience the CRC has grown into an exemplary organization known for coastal zone management. The CRC's continuing mission is to monitor and assess New Jersey's coastal zone resources."
Projects: New Jersey Beach Profile Network, Municipal Coastal Management, Delaware Bay Restoration, Environmental Monitoring, GIS Wetland Analysis, Habitat Mapping and several other.
https://stockton.edu/coastal-research-center/index.html
Cook, et al, "Consensus on consensus: a synthesis of consensus estimates on human-caused global warming," Environmental Research Letters Vol. 11 No. 4, (13 April 2016); DOI:10.1088/1748-9326/11/4/048002
Climate Change Impacts – Weather, Climate, Storms, Sea Level Rise (pdf)
Freshwater Monitoring and Climate Change in New Jersey
Climate Change Adaptation Resource Center (ARC-X)
EPA – Regional Monitoring Networks to Detect Changing Baselines in Freshwater Wadeable Streams: Fact Sheet (pdf)
Fact Sheet About the ARC-X (pdf)
NOAA Office of Coastal Management
US Climate Alliance
New Jersey and Northeast
EPA - Adapting to Climate Change Northeast (2016) (pdf)
EPA - New Jersey Climate Change Summary (2016)
Fourth National Climate Assessment Report Northeast Impacts (2018)
Headwaters Index of Biotic Integrity (HIBI) program has established sentinel sites in the above watersheds, to periodically collect fish and amphibian data. Parameters in development include continuous flow data and collection of daily site photos using wildlife cameras.
Local Options/Local Actions: Resilience Strategies Case Studies (pdf) by New Jersey Future
NJADAPT Directory of Climate Research
NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information - New Jersey Climate Summary (2017)
New Jersey Climate Adaptation Alliance
New Jersey Water Supply Plan 2017-2022 (pdf) - Chapter 4: Planning for Drought and an Uncertain Future
Northeast Climate Assessment (2014)
Northeast Region Quarterly Climate Impacts and Outlook (December 2018) (pdf)
Regional Monitoring Network (RMN) (pdf) – In 2014, Bureau of Freshwater & Biological Monitoring began collecting data with EPA Region II staff at three sites in NJ as part the RMN. RMN data provide decision makers with information that can be used to understand the current conditions of freshwater wadeable streams, as well as information to respond to the effects of a changing climate in the future. Data that has and is currently being collected at the three NJ sites (Dunnfield Creek in Warren Co., Primrose Brook in Morris Co., and Mossmans Brook in Passaic Co.) are Continuous air and water temperature, benthic macroinvertebrate samples twice annually, habitat assessment and photo documentation and quarterly physical/chemical sampling
Rutgers Flood Mapper Viewer
Rutgers Municipal Flooding Hazard Map Products
Rutgers NJADAPT Coastal Hazard Profile Viewer
USDA Northeast Regional Vulnerability Assessment Summary (2015)
Union of Concerned Scientists Confronting Climate Change in the US Northeast (2007) (pdf)
Rutgers - New Jersey Flood Mapper
USGS - Potential for Shoreline Changes Due to Sea-Level Rise Along the U.S. Mid-Atlantic Region (2007)
Vulnerability of New Jersey's Coastal Habitats to Sea Level Rise
United Nations - Climate Change Resources
United Nations - Paris Agreement
Forest Carbon Calculator
Knowing Your Individual or Business Carbon Footprint
USEPA Carbon Calculator
Commissioner Shawn M. LaTourette
DEP Home
About DEP
Programs/Units
DEP Online


Tuesday, July 8 - New York, New York!
South Street Seaport has a great view of the artist-built waterfalls flowing over the Brooklyn Bridge. Reminds me of Christo and Jeanne-Claude's environmental installation work like the future project Over The River (6.7 miles of reflective, translucent fabric panels to be set over the Arkansas River on steel cables anchored into the river's banks). Grand art for a grand city.
Joel Derfner is gay. Really gay. You might say that's his art, but more likely it's composing music theater. Andy participates by writing a kART Across America showtune with the Harvard linguistics major and author of Swish: My Quest To Become The Gayest Person Ever and Gay Haiku. Jeremy participates by writing Straight Haiku.
Hey, man, what is that?
I don't know, but it looks neat.
Hold on, I'll shoot it.


Mathhop is a puzzle game about math. There are 36 levels. The green tiles represent even Numbers, and the orange tiles represent odd Numbers. Use the same color tiles to drag and drop. For each tile, the new number is given by the A+B/2=C formula. You can drag all the remaining tiles into the black tile. Have fun.
Use the mouse to play. Tap And Drag, mobile friendly. Self-explanatory in the tutorial with minimal text/language used.
Een pad tekenen over de getallen en voeg deze toe tot het aangegeven doel. No related posts.


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub