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Fabrication of naturally derived wood products by thermal flow molding of wood powder with sucrose and citric acid
Kajikawa, S., Horikoshi, M., Kuboki, T., Tanaka, S., Umemura, K., and Kanayama, K. (2020). "Fabrication of naturally derived wood products by thermal flow molding of wood powder with sucrose and citric acid," BioRes. 15(1), 1702-1715.
Thermal flow molding of wood powder was carried out with a natural binder consisting of sucrose and citric acid (SC binder) for fabricating wood products without synthetic resins. The testing of thermal flow and molding of the wood powder with SC binder was done to analyze the effect of added SC binder, as well as to optimize the molding conditions, such as temperature, binder content, and mixture ratio of the sucrose and citric acid. The wood powder with SC binder flowed successfully at an optimum temperature of 180 °C in the thermal flow test. In addition, it was possible to form a composite wood plate by molding with thermal flow, and the moldability was improved by increasing the sucrose ratio in the SC binder. Density, bending strength, and thickness swelling after water immersion of the plate molded under the optimum molding conditions were 1.4 g/cm3 to 1.5 g/cm3, 28 MPa to 37 MPa, and 7% to 10%, respectively. These results indicated a possibility
Shohei Kajikawa,a,* Masaya Horikoshi,a Takashi Kuboki,a Soichi Tanaka,b Kenji Umemura,b and Kozo Kanayama b
Thermal flow molding of wood powder was carried out with a natural binder consisting of sucrose and citric acid (SC binder) for fabricating wood products without synthetic resins. The testing of thermal flow and molding of the wood powder with SC binder was done to analyze the effect of added SC binder, as well as to optimize the molding conditions, such as temperature, binder content, and mixture ratio of the sucrose and citric acid. The wood powder with SC binder flowed successfully at an optimum temperature of 180 °C in the thermal flow test. In addition, it was possible to form a composite wood plate by molding with thermal flow, and the moldability was improved by increasing the sucrose ratio in the SC binder. Density, bending strength, and thickness swelling after water immersion of the plate molded under the optimum molding conditions were 1.4 g/cm3 to 1.5 g/cm3, 28 MPa to 37 MPa, and 7% to 10%, respectively. These results indicated a possibility of effective production of wood products with a natural binder.
Keywords: Molding; Thermal flow; Wood; Powder; Composite; Cedar; Natural binder; Sucrose; Citric acid
Contact information: a: Department of Mechanical and Intelligent Systems Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications, 1-5-1 Chofu Gaoka, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan; b: Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan;
* Corresponding author: s.kajikawa@uec.ac.jp
Mass disposal of petroleum-derived plastic, such as disposable bags, plates, and drinking straws, has become a serious environmental problem, causing ocean pollution and depletion of fossil resources. A new technology1715 is needed to increase the use of environmentally friendly resources. Wood is an environmentally friendly resource because of its biodegradable and carbon-neutral nature. In addition, it is possible to sustain wood production by appropriate tree planting and trimming. Therefore, it is effective to use wood as an alternative material to petroleum-derived plastic for environmental protection.
An effective wood processing method that makes products with various shapes is needed for the use of wood as an alternative material to petroleum-derived plastic. Wood products are mainly manufactured by cutting processes, as the deformability of the wood is poor. However, the productivity of wood products by cutting processes is low compared to that of conventional plastic products, which are produced by press molding, extrusion, and injection molding. This low productivity increases the production cost.
It is possible to use wood as a feedstock for wood–plastic composites (WPCs), which are used in automotive components, architectural materials, and household electronics (Eder and Carus 2013). The WPC is produced by processing a mixture of wood powder and a thermoplastic binder, such as polypropylene (Wolcott 2001), and the processing method for WPC is the same as that for conventional plastics. Therefore, various shapes can be produced effectively. In particular, the productivity of injection molding is very high because it allows continuous production. Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of injection molding using WPC. In this method, the binder between the wood particles plasticizes by heating, and then the material, which is composed of the binder and particles, flows into the mold by pressure. When the material is cooled in the mold, the wood particles are bonded by solidification of the binder.
Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of conventional injection molding of wood powder
Unfortunately, the binder content in WPC is about 40% to 50% at minimum (Stark et al. 2004; Nagaya 2014) because the thermal fluidity of the material decreases when the binder content decreases. If the thermal fluidity of the material is low, the material cannot flow smoothly into the mold. Therefore, the problem of high plastic content, which drives the disposal of petroleum-derived plastic, remains, and the synthetic binder content in WPC needs to be decreased. The use of bioplastic, such as polylactic acid (PLA), as the binder was proposed (Csikós et al. 2015), but a large amount of energy is needed for producing PLA from bioresources. Miki et al. (2004) developed a technology for fabricating products composed solely of wood powder by injection molding. In this process, the wood powder flows with water under high temperature and pressure and becomes self-bonded when the powder is cooled. This is because the binder consists of low-molecular-weight sugars, which are generated by hydrolysis of wood components under high temperature and pressure with water (Kajikawa and Iizuka 2015). However, molding defects occur easily when wood powder is injection molded without plastic because the thermal fluidity of the wood powder is lower compared to that of the wood powder with plastic.
It can be effective to add sugar as a wood powder binder to improve its thermal fluidity. Kajikawa et al. (2017) carried out a fundamental investigation on the injection moldability of wood powder with the sugar sucrose, and they confirmed that adding sucrose improves the moldability and thermal fluidity. Further enhancement of the thermal fluidity is needed for stable production without molding defects. In addition, favorable product properties, such as strength and water resistance, are needed for practical use, such as for disposable tableware.
This paper proposes the use of a mixture of sucrose and citric acid (SC) as a binder for wood powder injection molding to enhance its thermal fluidity and the product properties. When a wood powder with SC binder is heated, the sucrose is hydrolyzed by the citric acid to low-molecular-weight components (Bailey and Bailey 1989), and then the fluidity improves compared with the case of using only sucrose as the binder. The fluidized powder is self-bonded in the product by cooling, which should give the product good strength and water resistance, because ester linkages form between the citric acid and the wood and/or the sucrose (Umemura et al. 2015). On this basis, adding SC binder to wood powder for injection molding is considered to be effective, but the effect of adding SC binder on the moldability has not been investigated previously.
In this study, a fundamental exploration of the injection molding of wood powder with a SC binder was carried out to clarify the effect of the binder, as well as to optimize molding conditions such as the temperature T, binder content ratio B, and sucrose and citric acid mixture ratio S:C for fabricating products with good appearance and properties. First, thermal flow testing of the wood powder with SC binder was carried out to investigate the optimum T for good thermal flow of the powder. The results of the thermal flow tests were used to fabricate plates by thermal flow molding under various conditions of B and S:C. Finally, the density, strength, and water resistance of the produced plates were evaluated.
Wood Powder and Natural Binder
Wood powder was obtained by milling Japanese cedar chips, passing them through a 500-μm sieve, and dehydrating the powder in a drying oven at 80 °C for 24 h before the experiment. A mixture of sucrose and citric acid (anhydrous), both of which were obtained from Nacalai Tesque, Inc. (Kyoto, Japan), was used as natural binder. Five types of binder with various mixture ratios of sucrose to citric acid, S:C, were prepared. The S:C value was set at 100:0 (sucrose only), 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 (SC binder), and 0:100 (citric acid only) by weight. The wood powder was combined with the binder by stirring it into an aqueous binder solution. A dried mixture of wood powder and binder, called WB (wood:binder) powder in this paper, was obtained by dehydration in a drying oven at 80 °C for 48 h. The concentrations of the binder aqueous solution were 3.8, 5.7, 7.4, and 9.1 wt% to set the binder content B, which is the binder weight ratio in WB powder, to 20, 30, 40, and 50 wt%.
Thermal Flow Test
Figure 2 and Table 1 show a schematic diagram and the conditions for the thermal flow test. In this test, WB powder flowed out from a nozzle by pressing. The fluidity of the WB powder was evaluated by measuring the pressing force during the test. The test procedure was as follows. The dried WB powder was pre-heated at a temperature T for a time th in the container. The punch was moved downward at a constant velocity vp. The WB powder was compressed by the punch to force the powder into and out from the nozzle. The punch press was stopped when the punch position z, which is the distance between the punch and the nozzle, was 5 mm, or the punch surface pressure P reached 200 MPa.
In the case that WB powder flowed, a thermal flow curve, such as that shown in Fig. 2(c), was obtained from the measurement of the pressing force. The punch surface pressure P initially increased with compression of the WB powder prior to flow, and then decreased when the WB powder began to flow out. P was approximately constant during WB powder flow. When the punch approached the nozzle surface, P increased again because the punch met the "dead zone," where the WB powder does not flow into the nozzle. Flow point pressure Pf, which is the pressure at the beginning of flow, and apparent viscosity η were used as indicators of the fluidity of the WB powder. η was calculated from the following equation according to Newton's law of viscosity,
where η is apparent viscosity (kPas) and τ and γ are the apparent shear stress (kPa) and apparent shear velocity (/s), respectively, at the nozzle wall. τ and γ are calculated from the following equations,
where P is the punch surface pressure (MPa), dn is the nozzle diameter (mm), ln is the nozzle length (mm), vp is the punch press velocity (mm/s), and dc is the container inner diameter (mm). The values of dn, ln, vp, and dc were constant, as shown in Table 1. η was calculated from P in the range in which WB powder stably flowed, as shown in Fig. 2(c).
In this test, the effects of the temperature T and the sucrose and citric acid mixture ratio S:C on the flow point pressure Pf and the apparent viscosity η of the WB powder were investigated, while the binder content B was kept constant at 50 wt%. The test was carried out three times for each condition.
Fig. 2. Schematic diagram of thermal flow test: (a) Setup, (b) pressing, and (c) typical thermal flow curve
Table 1. Thermal Flow Test Conditions
Molding of Plate with Thermal Flow
A molding test was carried out using a simple injection molding device to investigate the effect of molding parameters in a simple way, as shown in Fig. 3. The WB powder flowed into a rectangular cavity with dimensions of lc×wc×hc (mm) from the container via the nozzle by pressing WB powder in the container, as shown in Figs. 3(a) and 3(b). Successful filling of the cavity produced a plate with dimensions of lc×wc×hc (mm). The molding procedure was almost the same as that of the thermal flow test.
The dried WB powder was pre-heated, and then the punch was moved downward at a constant velocity of vp to inject the WB powder into the cavity. The punch press was stopped when the punch surface pressure P reached 200 MPa. The molded plate, which was composed of WB powder, was cooled in the cavity until the temperature T fell below 80 °C.
Table 2 shows the molding conditions. In this experiment, the effects of the sucrose and citric acid mixture ratio S:C and the binder content B on the moldability of WB powder was investigated, while the temperature T was kept constant at 180 °C. The molding was carried out two times for each condition.
Evaluation of Moldability and Plate Properties
Moldability and the molded plate properties, such as strength, density, and water resistance, were evaluated. Moldability was evaluated by observation of the plate, and a scanning electron microscope (SEM S-4300), which was developed by Hitachi High-Technologies Corp., was used as needed. A bending test was carried out for evaluation of strength according to Japanese Industrial Standard JIS K 7171 (2016). The specimen with dimensions of 80×10×4 mm for the bending test was obtained by cutting the plate as shown in Fig. 3(c). The span of the support points was 64 mm, and the test speed was 10 mm/min. Six specimens with dimensions of 10×10×4 mm were cut from each plate for measurement of ρ, as shown in Fig. 3(c), and the effect of the distance from the nozzle on ρ was investigated. The thickness swelling TS was measured after water immersion for 24 h for evaluation of the water resistance of the plate. The specimen for the measurement of TS was the same as that used to measure ρ, and the TS measurement was carried out after ρ measurement.
Fig. 3. Schematic diagrams of molding test and specimen for evaluation: (a) Setup, (b) pressing, and (c) dimensions of specimen
Table 2. Molding Conditions
Thermal Fluidity of the Wood Powder with Sucrose and Citric Acid
Figure 4 shows variations in the punch surface pressure P and appearance of the material during the thermal flow test under conditions in which the mixture ratio S:C and binder content B were 50:50 and 50 wt%, respectively. The WB powder did not flow out from the nozzle at a temperature T of 100 °C; instead, it was merely compressed between the punch and the nozzle, as shown in Fig. 4(b). In this case, P increased with compression of the WB powder, up to the maximum test pressure of 200 MPa, as shown in Fig. 4(a). The WB powder flowed when T was over 120 °C. Figure 4(c) shows the appearance of the material that flowed out from the nozzle. During WB powder flow, P decreased with increasing T and reached a minimum at T = 180 °C. However, during WB powder flow at T = 200 °C, P increased a little, and it severely fluctuated, because too much gas was generated within the container by thermal decomposition of the binder and wood powder. A large amount of gas inside the container is a hazard in the molding process. Therefore, the optimum temperature was kept at 180 °C for the thermal flow of WB powder.
Fig. 4. Effect of temperature T on thermal flow behavior (S:C=50:50, B=50 wt%): (a) Thermal flow curve, (b) material compressed in container, and (c) material extruded from nozzle
Fig. 5. Effect of temperature T and mixture ratio S:C on (a) flow point pressure Pf and (b) apparent viscosity η (B=50 wt%)
Figure 5 shows the effect of the temperature T and the mixture ratio S:C on the flow point pressure Pf and apparent viscosity η when the binder content B was 50 wt%. Pf showed the same tendency as η. In the case of using sucrose (S:C=100:0) as the binder, the WB powder did not flow out from the nozzle at T=140 °C and 160 °C, and the WB powder flowed at T=180 °C because the sucrose melted around a temperature of 185 °C to 192 °C (Roos 1993). The WB powder flowed at T=140 °C to 180 °C, and Pf and η became low by using SC binder (S:C = 75:25, 50:50, and 25:75) or citric acid (S:C = 0:100), compared with only sucrose. The melting temperature of citric acid is 153 °C, which is lower than that of sucrose. In addition, sucrose is hydrolyzed to low-molecular-weight components, such as fructose and glucose, with an acid (Bailey and Bailey 1989), and the melting temperatures of fructose and glucose are 103 °C and 146 °C, respectively. Therefore, Pf and η of the WB powder with SC binder was lower than those of the WB powder with only citric acid at T = 140 °C. The effect of S:C was small when SC binder was used. The result shows that adding SC binder to wood powder is effective for improving the thermal fluidity.
Thermal Flow Moldability of the Wood Powder with Sucrose and Citric Acid
A molding test was carried out at T = 180 °C, which was the optimum temperature for activating the fluidity of WB powder in the thermal flow test. Table 3 shows the appearance of the molded plates under the conditions of various binder contents B and mixture ratios S:C. The moldability was improved by increasing B in each S:C mixture. In the case of S:C = 50:50, plates with a uniform dark brown color were molded successfully when B was 40 wt% or 50 wt%. However, when B was 30 wt%, a crack appeared on the surface of the plate, and the color of the plate was different between the center and the edge. When B was 20 wt%, the WB powder did not flow into the cavity, although the WB powder was pressed at maximum pressure of 200 MPa in the container. Figure 6 shows micrographs of the surfaces of the plate molded using WB powder of S:C = 50:50. The plate surface was not smooth, and large voids appeared in the light brown portion of the surface, as shown in Fig. 6(a). The surface was smooth in the dark brown area, as shown in Fig. 6(b). That is to say, the color of the plate indicates the degree of WB powder filling, and WB powder filling was incomplete near the edges, as indicated by light brown coloration. Under the condition of a low B value, the plasticized portion is small and the solid portion is large in WB powder. Therefore, the fluidity became poor by reducing the B value. WB powder, which has a low B value, cannot flow into the cavity, or it cannot reach the cavity edges due to the poor fluidity.
The moldability was also improved by increasing the sucrose ratio in the SC binder, as shown in Table 3. The effect of the mixture ratio S:C on the moldability was small under a high binder content B, such as 40 wt% or 50 wt%, but S:C affected the moldability when B was under 30 wt%. In particular, it was possible to fabricate the plate under the condition of B = 20 wt% when S:C = 75:25 because the WB powder with S:C=75:25 had better fluidity than powder with other S:C values. Apparently, the amount of sucrose, which generates low-molecular-weight sugars, such as fructose and glucose, by hydrolysis with acid, in the SC binder was important, because low-molecular-weight sugars have better thermal fluidity. However, in the case that the binder was sucrose without citric acid, the fluidity became low, as shown in Fig. 5, because sucrose hydrolysis was not promoted and an insufficient amount of low-molecular-weight sugars was generated. Therefore, the optimum S:C for WB powder filling was 75:25 in this experiment.
Table 3. Appearance of Molded Plates (T = 180 °C)
Fig. 6. Scanning electron micrograph of the surface of molded plates (S:C = 50:50): (a) B = 30 wt% and (b) B = 50 wt%
Properties of Molded Plate
Figure 7 shows the average value and the distribution of the density ρ of molded plates. The value of ρ tended to increase with an increase in B, and it rose to 1.4 g/cm3 to 1.5 g/cm3 under the condition of the binder content B = 40 wt% or 50 wt% for each mixture ratio S:C, as shown in Fig. 7(a). This is because the increased B content improved the fluidity of the WB powder, and it completely filled the cavity during molding, as shown in Table 3. This density value of 1.4 g/cm3 to 1.5 g/cm3 is very high compared with that of the original Japanese cedar wood, which is 0.33 g/cm3 (Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute 2004). In addition, the true density of the plate was calculated to be about 1.53 g/cm3 to 1.57 g/cm3, as determined from the densities of the wood cell wall (1.5 g/cm3), sucrose (1.59 g/cm3), and citric acid (1.67 g/cm3). Therefore, the density was almost the same as the true density in the case of the molded plate. That is to say, the plate fabricated under the optimum condition had few voids.
Figure 7(b) shows the density ρ distribution of the plate when the mixture ratio S:C was 75:25. The density was almost uniform when the binder content B was 40 wt% or 50 wt%, but the density decreased with the distance from the nozzle when B was 30 wt%. The decreased density is thought to be caused by an increase in the number or the size of voids inside the molded plate, which is shown in Fig. 6. In the case of B = 30 wt%, the WB powder could not reach the cavity edges completely due to the poor fluidity of WB powder, and then voids remained at the edges of the molded plate, as shown in Fig. 6.
Fig. 7. Density ρ of molded plates (T = 180 °C): (a) Effect of binder content B and mixture ratio S:C on average ρ and (b) ρ distribution in molded plates under condition of S:C = 75:25
Figure 8 shows the effect of the binder content B and the mixture ratio S:C on the bending strength σb of the molded plates, and the relationship between σb and density ρ. As shown in Fig. 8(a), strength σb tended to increase with increasing B from 30 wt% to 40 wt% because the moldability of the plate improved with increasing ρ. As shown in Fig. 8(b), σb showed a linear dependence on ρ. In particular, when ρ was large, σb was large, and its error was small. Therefore, to improve the strength, it is important to increase ρ by more completely filling the mold with WB powder.
The bending strength σb of the plate was 28 MPa to 37 MPa when the binder content B was 40 wt% to 50 wt%. According to JIS A 5741 (2016), a bending strength of 20 MPa or more is required for the use of WPC as an exterior or interior architectural material. The bending strength of conventional plastic, such as polypropylene, is approximately 31 MPa (Karmaker and Youngquist 1996). Therefore, the plate fabricated from wood powder and SC binder has good mechanical properties, comparable to those for conventional WPC or plastic. This is attributed to the formation of ester linkages between the components (Umemura et al. 2015). The citric acid reacts with the components with a hydroxyl group, such as sucrose and the wood components, and then this reaction forms ester linkages between the components.
Figure 9 shows the effects of the binder content B and the mixture ratio S:C on the thickness swelling TS (%) after the molded plates were immersed in water. The TS was 8% to 10%, and the effect of B or S:C was small. According to JIS A 5905 (2014) for fiberboard, a TS of 10% to 17% or less is required for various architectural materials. Therefore, it is considered that the plate fabricated from wood powder and SC binder has the required water resistance for practical use.
Fig. 8. Bending strength σb of molded plates (T = 180 °C): (a) Effect of binder content B and mixture ratio S:C and (b) relationship between density ρ and bending strength σb
Fig. 9. Effects of binder content B and mixture ratio S:C on thickness swelling TS after water immersion of molded plates (T = 180 °C)
Table 4 summarizes the thermal flow moldability and plate properties of strength and water resistance under the various molding conditions of the binder content B and the mixture ratio S:C. Moldability was most important for fabricating a plate with good properties by this method, because the moldability correlates with the plate properties. In the case that the moldability was good, the density became high and uniform in the plate, as shown in Fig. 7, and then high strength and water resistance were achieved. For improving the moldability, the fluidity of WB powder should be improved. The fluidity improved by increasing the B value and sucrose ratio in the SC binder, while the B value should be decreased for producing good wood-based products. Therefore, the optimum S:C was 75:25 because it produces plates with good properties over a wide range of B values in this study.
However, variations in the plate properties, which are shown in Figs. 8 and 9, exist under the optimum molding conditions in this experiment. This variation could be attributed partially to the variation of SC binder in the plate. Therefore, the method for combining the wood powder and SC binder before molding should be evaluated in the future.
Table 4. Moldability and Plate Properties under Various Conditions
This paper described a study of the molding of wood-based products by the thermal flow of wood powder mixed with a natural binder composed of sucrose and citric acid, which is referred to as an SC binder in this paper, for fabricating wood products without synthetic resins. Optimum molding conditions for temperature, binder content, and mixture ratio of sucrose and citric acid were clarified for fabricating products with high strength and water resistance for practical use. The results indicated a possibility for effective production of naturally derived products with various shapes by injection molding.
In thermal flow tests of the wood powder with SC binder, the powder flowed at over 120 °C. It flowed with the lowest pressure and viscosity at 180 °C under the various sucrose and citric acid mixture ratios. In addition, the pressure and temperature for the thermal flow of wood powder with SC binder were remarkably low compared with the case that the binder was only sucrose.
In molding tests, the powder filling of the mold became more complete when the binder content was increased. The binder content range for obtaining a plate was enlarged by increasing the sucrose ratio in the SC binder, and the minimum binder content ratio used was 20 wt% when the mixture ratio of the sucrose and citric acid was 75:25 in this experiment. The appropriate binder content was over 40 wt% for obtaining a plate with a uniform density of 1.4 g/cm3 to 1.5 g/cm3. Bending strength and thickness swelling after water immersion of the plate molded under the appropriate conditions were 28 MPa to 37 MPa and 7% to 10%, respectively.
This work was supported by a KAKENHI grant (No. 16K18265) from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science and by Grants-in-Aid for Humanosphere Mission Research in 2016 (No. 11) from the Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere at Kyoto University.
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Article submitted: October 11, 2019; Peer review completed: December 15, 2019; Revised version received and accepted: January 21, 2020; Published: January 22, 2020.


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On This Day: Jack Kirby Died
By SF Gateway
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Psst! Hey you! Yeah, you. You like comic books? Yeah? Then you should be sayin' a big 'thank you' to the King.
Twenty-one years ago today, the man who was arguably the single greatest creative influence on modern comics (with apologies and a nod to Stan the Man), passed away in Thousand Oaks, California, at the age of 76.
Jacob Kurtzberg – known to the comics world as Jack Kirby – was responsible for the creation of most of the bedrock characters of the Marvel universe. With Stan Lee he created The Fantastic Four (and adversaries Doctor Doom and Galactus), The Incredible Hulk, The Mighty Thor, The Avengers, Iron Man, the X-Men, the Silver Surfer and many more; with Joe Simon he created the moral lodestone of the Marvel Universe, Captain America.
Later, after a contractual dispute led to his leaving Marvel, he crossed New York to the DC offices, where he created such fan favourites as the Forever People and the New Gods – including DC's ultimate Big Bad, Darkseid. He had already created the Guardian and the Newsboy Legion, with Joe Simon, for the company, which was known at that time as National Comics. After some five years at DC, Kirby returned to Marvel where, among other projects, he worked on Marvel's adaptation (and expansion) of 2001: A Space Odyssey.
Jack Kirby was known to the comics community as 'The King', and if there was a list of contemporary comics creators who count him as a formative influence, then it would be longer than the collected back issues of The Avengers. He was that good and he was that important. The clue is in the nickname.
Jack Kirby (1917-1994). Long live the King.
Happy Birthday, Walter Koenig!
When I'm 64: The Hugo Awards
Happy Birthday to Brian Aldiss!
Happy Birthday to Rachel Pollack!
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Sydney University Baseball Club is planning to field a team in the HKIBO 2018 tournament; currently scheduled for 13th - 18th December 2018.
The competition level is approximately 1st/2nd Grade standard, and last year included the Hong Kong National team and club teams from Hong Kong, Philippines and China.
Ideally, we'd like to send a squad of approximately 15 players, plus coaches and officials. Selection priority will be given to incumbents and current Sydney Uni players.
Completing this form and clicking Submit below is just a indication that you'd like to participate and represent Sydney University at the HKIBO.
If our team is sanctioned and officially invited into the tournament, we will send further details and ask for deposits in the coming weeks, to lock in your participation.
We'll be in touch in the coming weeks.


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The barely distinguishable personalities who explain the meaning of every event are growing ever chattier—about wars and mobs. Their rhetorical sleights, which tactically defer arguments made by the powerless, unmoneyed, or truly dead, are hallmarks of the media-size filter bubble we call, in Baffler no. 53, the Consensusphere.
In the opening essay, James Pogue finds in the unfortunate Harper's letter the same strategy of "mob" containment used by the propertied class in advance of the American Revolution. And Thomas Geoghegan, in "Abolish the Senate," likewise looks back at American history to show how the Constitution and the U.S. Senate obstruct the representative power of the people. They should now be done away with, he argues, in a series of considered steps.
Maybe it's all this confusion about American foundations that led us to build and tolerate Confederate monuments while forgetting our literature. Terrance Hayes, on that note, has thankfully corrected literary history, or what's left of it, with a selection of writings and drawings recovering black poets. Delving into another corner of foolishly overlooked writing, Michael Hofmann muses on his "discrete and, on the face of it, unlikely interest in the work of the old, or very old." Elsewhere in the culture spheroid, our film critic A.S. Hamrah registers his untimely selection of the best films from the year 2000, while Stephen Kearse looks at how ratings systems, a relic of 1920s and 30s movie studio censorship, now permeate streaming media.
On another surprisingly placid front of the culture war, Andrew Marzoni dives into Sarah Milov's history of the cigarette and posits that "on both sides of the aisle, the twenty-first-century smoker cuts a transgressive figure, as was the case prior to World War I, when cigarettes became a mechanism of American expansion, a slicker instrument of chemical warfare than mustard gas." Smoke 'em if you've got 'em, but remember that you've already been relegated to the dregs of history.
With their penchant for broad strokes of child scrawl, members of the Consensusphere prefer to crowd out historical nuance or committed research. In "The House That Queer Theory Built," Matt Brim takes a hard look at what he calls the discipline's class problem, and suggests that queer scholars have "the chance to recognize class warfare in the university as a largely unspoken but field-defining trouble of its own." Elsewhere in the academy, Bruce Robbins finds in Fredric Jameson's Allegory and Ideology a continuation of the critic's pursuit of a politics rooted in "a single great collective story."
In Maia Hibbett's "Who Keeps Us Safe?" a retributive streak crops up in recent #MeToo activism, which retains mainstream feminism's historical preference for the harsh penalties of the punitive state. Perhaps this is why, as Tracy O'Neill writes in "Outside the Man Box," research on the rehabilitation of domestic violence offenders is disturbingly underfunded and unheeded.
This violent American program, ranging from the systemic to the intimate, continues to play out all over the world without much effective dissent among our top dogs and talking heads. In her dispatch on a year of violence and calamity In Iran, journalist Habibe Jafarian writes,
I am a forty-four-year-old woman who has lived forty-one years of her life under varying degrees of economic sanctions. I grew up with the sanctions; I went to school with them; I learned to read and write with them hovering over my head; I fell in love, and began my career as a journalist, and have stayed alive, all under sanctions from the United States of America. Sanctions have been a part of my life like the weather. Like the bombs for those children. They are the air that I breathe and the food that I eat.
Angling to pilot this same destructive foreign policy juggernaut is the weatherproof corpse of Joe Biden, perpetually if haltingly animated by browbeaten Democratic consensus. Is there any light outside of this tunnel-vision?


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Paul knew that the outward man or woman was perishing, day by day, and as he said "was wasting away" but the most important work was being done inwardly by the Spirit of God and this was the renewal that each believer in Christ is undergoing, day by day. God's Spirit works to convict us of sin, He works to make us more like Christ, and our sanctification is a lifelong process and even though we might be falling apart outwardly, what is eternal is what is inside and that's the only thing that counts. We are new creations in Christ (2 Cor 5:17) even though the outward appearance is decaying, so that's why Paul didn't want us to lose heart. Christian Wall Art
Lovely Gospel Songs for a Wedding The Very Best Gospel Songs Ever Written Beautiful Songs for Gospel Choirs The Greatest Gospel Rappers The Greatest Southern Gospel Artists Perfect Gospel Songs for a Funeral The Best Female Gospel Singers The Best Gospel Albums of All Time The Greatest Gospel Choirs Ever The Best Urban Contemporary Gospel Artists Gospel Songs for Men to Sing The Best Songs for Christmas The Very Best Country Gospel Songs The Best Gospel Songs for Women Great Gospel Songs for Children Beautiful Southern Gospel Songs Top Country Gospel Artists & Bands Gospel Rap Songs You Need to Hear '90s Southern Gospel Christian Images
50 years ago today, The Beatles shot the famous photo for cover of their Abbey Road album in the crosswalk outside Abbey Road studios. Tourists now pose and snap photos by the thousands every day. And, in fact, in 2011, Abbey Road Studios installed a 24-hour live streaming web camera focused on the historic pedestrian crossing to show how everyone tries recreate the iconic Beatles lineup. (1969) Christian Wall Art
Our mission is simple: Art and Christianity no longer resonate as an inherent, magnificent pairing. Actually it is a feeling that goes both ways: most Christians no longer see Art as being important or even as a relevant way of promoting the faith; and non believers don't value Christianity as having been at the forefront of the arts throughout the centuries, responsible for creating some of the most magnificent artworks out there. Our offering is simple: one newsletter a day where we simply send you the Gospel reading of the day, alongside a work of art that we believe is poignant, reflective and appropriate to that reading. We offer a short reflection on the artwork and the reading. We simply give you the tools for you to meditate on the daily Gospel alongside a work of art. We are an apostolate within the Roman Catholic Church, based in London. Christian Images
Sadly, many people will look at us and judge us by appearances and as we've already read, they can miss-read us because they don't see what's on the inside which is what is of ultimate importance. Jesus said "You judge by human standards; I pass judgment on no one" (John 8:15). Every time that someone looks at us and they judge us by appearances, they are judging us by human standards and very likely miss-judging us. What they can't see is what is most important anyway. The religious leaders of Jesus' day were only concerned with what people saw them doing but God knew their hearts and saw that they were inwardly full of sin. Christian Images
The Bible is full of encouraging scriptures that are such a blessing to read and memorize. Here are ten of my favorite scripture quotes for encouragement. Feel free to share these with others as these encouraging Bible verses will brighten anyone's day. The Scriptures used are filled with hope, comfort and inspiration. These famous Bible quotes are from the Old and New Testament. Scripture Images
Long ago, at many times and in many ways, God spoke to our fathers by the prophets, but in these last days he has spoken to us by his Son, whom he appointed the heir of all things, through whom also he created the world. He is the radiance of the glory of God and the exact imprint of his nature, and he upholds the universe by the word of his power. After making purification for sins, he sat down at the right hand of the Majesty on high, having become as much superior to angels as the name he has inherited is more excellent than theirs. For to which of the angels did God ever say, "You are my Son, today I have begotten you"? Or again, "I will be to him a father, and he shall be to me a son"? ... Christian Wall Art
While many white musicians gravitated toward country, folk, and old-timey music to express their spirituality outside of traditional Christian hymns, Black Gospel music drew heavily upon the traditional spirituals that had been passed down from the days of slavery, picking up its more driving rhythmic emphasis from blues and early jazz. Composer and singer Thomas A. Dorsey crystallized the style in 1932 with his epochal "Take My Hand, Precious Lord," and went on to compose a great many songs that later became standards. When performed in the churches, the music was traditionally sung by a choir, with individual soloists sometimes taking the spotlight; this often happened in a form known as "call and response," in which either the choir or the soloist would repeat and/or answer the lyric which had just been sung by the other, with the soloist improvising embellishments of the melody for greater emphasis. As the music developed, these soloists became more and more virtuosic, performing with wild emotion (and, in the South, physicality) in order to properly express the spiritual ecstasy the music was meant to evoke. The music was quite egalitarian in terms of gender, as both male and female performers -- Brother Joe May, Rev. James Cleveland, Mahalia Jackson, the Clara Ward Singers, etc. -- gained wide renown among both black and white audiences. The small-group format was also prevalent, with major figures including the Five Blind Boys of Mississippi, the Soul Stirrers, the Swan Silvertones, and the Dixie Hummingbirds; in general, these groups placed a greater premium on smooth vocal harmonies, although some performances could approach the raucous energy (if not quite the huge sound) of a choir-with-soloist group. As the years progressed, black gospel and black popular music influenced and borrowed from one another, reflecting the gradual change of emphasis toward R&B; black gospel also had an enormous impact on the development of soul music, which directed gospel's spiritual intensity into more secular concerns, and included a great many performers whose musical skills were developed in the church. As a recognizable style unto itself, black gospel music largely ceased to develop around the 1970s; progressing racial attitudes had helped black popular music reach wider audiences (and become more lucrative) than ever before, and tastes had turned towards the earthy hedonism of funk and the highly arranged, sophisticated Philly soul sound. The former wasn't quite appropriate for worship, and it wasn't all that practical to duplicate the latter in church services. However, the traditional black gospel sound survived intact and was eventually augmented by contemporary gospel (an '80s/'90s variation strongly influenced by latter-day urban R&B); plus, singers like Whitney Houston continued to develop within its ranks. Christian Images
50 years ago today, The Beatles shot the famous photo for cover of their Abbey Road album in the crosswalk outside Abbey Road studios. Tourists now pose and snap photos by the thousands every day. And, in fact, in 2011, Abbey Road Studios installed a 24-hour live streaming web camera focused on the historic pedestrian crossing to show how everyone tries recreate the iconic Beatles lineup. (1969)
But that is not the way you learned Christ!— assuming that you have heard about him and were taught in him, as the truth is in Jesus, to put off your old self, which belongs to your former manner of life and is corrupt through deceitful desires, and to be renewed in the spirit of your minds, and to put on the new self, created after the likeness of God in true righteousness and holiness.
This is a list of Christian worship music artists or bands. This list includes notable artists or bands that have recorded or been known to perform contemporary worship music at some point in their careers. This includes worship leaders, Christian songwriters, and contemporary Christian music artists. It is not a list of contemporary Christian music artists alone. Scripture Images
God has made us exactly the way that it pleased Him and we all must remember that God has chosen the weak and the base of the world (1 Cor 1:27) and what the world considers despised and lowly (1 Cor 1:28) is important to God and that's all that matters, isn't it? He looks at the inward parts of the human heart, not the outward appearance, so don't worry about what the body looks like, be concerned with the things that God sees because in the end, that's all that's important and that's all that really matters. What others think is nothing…what God knows is everything. Biblical Verses Image
Jesus knew the heart and since He is God, He knows the thoughts and motives of every human heart for He is also the Creator. God looked at the religious leaders and knew that they were hypocrites because they taught one thing but did another as Jesus said "on the outside you appear to people as righteous but on the inside you are full of hypocrisy and wickedness" (Matt 23:28). They liked to be seen and wanted others to think highly of them but Jesus knew that inwardly they were as dead as could be and were full of all sorts of evil and uncleanliness. It is never what others think about us that's important; it is only what God knows about us that counts. We might be able to fool others but we can never fool God because "Lord, you know everyone's heart" (Acts 1:24) "for the LORD is a God who knows, and by him deeds are weighed" (1 Sam 2:3). Biblical Verses Image
Long ago, at many times and in many ways, God spoke to our fathers by the prophets, but in these last days he has spoken to us by his Son, whom he appointed the heir of all things, through whom also he created the world. He is the radiance of the glory of God and the exact imprint of his nature, and he upholds the universe by the word of his power. After making purification for sins, he sat down at the right hand of the Majesty on high, having become as much superior to angels as the name he has inherited is more excellent than theirs. For to which of the angels did God ever say, "You are my Son, today I have begotten you"? Or again, "I will be to him a father, and he shall be to me a son"? ...
This is a list of Christian worship music artists or bands. This list includes notable artists or bands that have recorded or been known to perform contemporary worship music at some point in their careers. This includes worship leaders, Christian songwriters, and contemporary Christian music artists. It is not a list of contemporary Christian music artists alone. Christian Images
Lovely Gospel Songs for a Wedding The Very Best Gospel Songs Ever Written Beautiful Songs for Gospel Choirs The Greatest Gospel Rappers The Greatest Southern Gospel Artists Perfect Gospel Songs for a Funeral The Best Female Gospel Singers The Best Gospel Albums of All Time The Greatest Gospel Choirs Ever The Best Urban Contemporary Gospel Artists Gospel Songs for Men to Sing The Best Songs for Christmas The Very Best Country Gospel Songs The Best Gospel Songs for Women Great Gospel Songs for Children Beautiful Southern Gospel Songs Top Country Gospel Artists & Bands Gospel Rap Songs You Need to Hear '90s Southern Gospel
I think many of us struggle with the way we look. If we only understood that God made us the way we are we might think that other's expectations and our own isn't important. The way that God sees us is the most important thing of all because God doesn't look at the outward appearance the way that we or others tend to do. Many people judge us from our outward appearance and not by what is inside. What is inside is what really counts in God's eyes and in God's eyes it's the only thing that's important. The outward man or woman is not of eternal importance…it is what is inside as Jesus once said "it is not what goes into the mouth that defiles a person, but what comes out of the mouth; this defiles a person" (Matt 15:11) so we must keep our focus on what really defiles a person and it's not what's outside that does it but what comes out of the person's mouth for that reveals what's in our hearts. Christian Images
This is a list of Christian worship music artists or bands. This list includes notable artists or bands that have recorded or been known to perform contemporary worship music at some point in their careers. This includes worship leaders, Christian songwriters, and contemporary Christian music artists. It is not a list of contemporary Christian music artists alone.
This is a list of Christian worship music artists or bands. This list includes notable artists or bands that have recorded or been known to perform contemporary worship music at some point in their careers. This includes worship leaders, Christian songwriters, and contemporary Christian music artists. It is not a list of contemporary Christian music artists alone. Christian Wall Art
With a five-octave vocal range, Earnest Pugh is a powerhouse singer. He's appeared on networks like the Trinity Broadcasting Network (TBN) and Black Entertainment Television (BET) as well as on stage, acting in major plays such as "Love the One You're With," "Secret Lover" (Michael Matthews), "Crazy Love" (D'Atra Hicks) and "Real Men Pray" (Angela Barrow and Lizzie Berry). Scripture Images
Jack Wellman is a father and grandfather and a Christian author, freelance writer, and Prison Minister. Graduate work at Moody Bible Institute. His books are inexpensive paperbacks that are theological in nature: "Teaching Children The Gospel/How to Raise Godly Children," "Do Babies Go To Heaven?/Why Does God Allow Suffering?," "The Great Omission; Reaching the Lost for Christ," and "Blind Chance or Intelligent Design?, Empirical Methodologies & the Bible." Biblical Verses Image
That said, it's up to you to determine who are the best gospel singers. If you notice that a gospel singer is missing, feel free to add them. This list answers the questions "who are the best gospel music bands of all time?" and "who is the greatest gospel musician ever?" If you know enough about the genre, please vote based on the quality of the band's music instead of just voting for the most popular gospel music bands that you might've heard of.  Christian Images
That said, it's up to you to determine who are the best gospel singers. If you notice that a gospel singer is missing, feel free to add them. This list answers the questions "who are the best gospel music bands of all time?" and "who is the greatest gospel musician ever?" If you know enough about the genre, please vote based on the quality of the band's music instead of just voting for the most popular gospel music bands that you might've heard of. Christian Images
See what kind of love the Father has given to us, that we should be called children of God; and so we are. The reason why the world does not know us is that it did not know him. Beloved, we are God's children now, and what we will be has not yet appeared; but we know that when he appears we shall be like him, because we shall see him as he is. And everyone who thus hopes in him purifies himself as he is pure. Christian Wall Art
Then God said, "Let us make man in our image, after our likeness. And let them have dominion over the fish of the sea and over the birds of the heavens and over the livestock and over all the earth and over every creeping thing that creeps on the earth." So God created man in his own image, in the image of God he created him; male and female he created them. Scripture Images
Country music is a wildly popular genre, but there are other sub-genres that could exist beneath it, such as Christian country music (CCM). CCM, sometimes called country gospel or inspirational country, blends the style of country with biblical lyrics. Like country music itself, it is an expansive genre, and no two CCM artists will sound exactly alike. Scripture Images
Yes, to this day whenever Moses is read a veil lies over their hearts. But when one turns to the Lord, the veil is removed. Now the Lord is the Spirit, and where the Spirit of the Lord is, there is freedom. And we all, with unveiled face, beholding the glory of the Lord, are being transformed into the same image from one degree of glory to another. For this comes from the Lord who is the Spirit. Scripture Images
And have put on the new self, which is being renewed in knowledge after the image of its creator. Here there is not Greek and Jew, circumcised and uncircumcised, barbarian, Scythian, slave, free; but Christ is all, and in all. Put on then, as God's chosen ones, holy and beloved, compassionate hearts, kindness, humility, meekness, and patience, bearing with one another and, if one has a complaint against another, forgiving each other; as the Lord has forgiven you, so you also must forgive. And above all these put on love, which binds everything together in perfect harmony. ... Scripture Images
Being Cleansed From SinSittingLikenessExpiationGod Made Visible In ChristGod's Glory RevealedPerfection, DivineGospel, Historical Foundation OfAdoration, Of ChristGod Is TranscendentLight, SpiritualExaltation Of ChristChrist's NatureAccuracyRevelation, In NtHoliness, Believers' Growth InGlory, Revelation OfGlory Of GodDivinity Of ChristEarth, God SustainingSelf ImageImage Of God Biblical Verses Image
This is a list of Christian worship music artists or bands. This list includes notable artists or bands that have recorded or been known to perform contemporary worship music at some point in their careers. This includes worship leaders, Christian songwriters, and contemporary Christian music artists. It is not a list of contemporary Christian music artists alone. Biblical Verses Image
I think many of us struggle with the way we look. If we only understood that God made us the way we are we might think that other's expectations and our own isn't important. The way that God sees us is the most important thing of all because God doesn't look at the outward appearance the way that we or others tend to do. Many people judge us from our outward appearance and not by what is inside. What is inside is what really counts in God's eyes and in God's eyes it's the only thing that's important. The outward man or woman is not of eternal importance…it is what is inside as Jesus once said "it is not what goes into the mouth that defiles a person, but what comes out of the mouth; this defiles a person" (Matt 15:11) so we must keep our focus on what really defiles a person and it's not what's outside that does it but what comes out of the person's mouth for that reveals what's in our hearts.
Jesus knew the heart and since He is God, He knows the thoughts and motives of every human heart for He is also the Creator. God looked at the religious leaders and knew that they were hypocrites because they taught one thing but did another as Jesus said "on the outside you appear to people as righteous but on the inside you are full of hypocrisy and wickedness" (Matt 23:28). They liked to be seen and wanted others to think highly of them but Jesus knew that inwardly they were as dead as could be and were full of all sorts of evil and uncleanliness. It is never what others think about us that's important; it is only what God knows about us that counts. We might be able to fool others but we can never fool God because "Lord, you know everyone's heart" (Acts 1:24) "for the LORD is a God who knows, and by him deeds are weighed" (1 Sam 2:3). Christian Images
GoodNews, the [email protected] Church is a mission of the Episcopal Church Women (ECW) at Christ Church. We proudly feature books, cards, candles, lotions, jewelry, handbags, decorative pillows, baby and children gifts, tabletop accessories, men's accessories, crosses, paper products, linens, food items, and kitchen accessories. We offer free gift wrapping too! Please think of us first when you shop for gifts for all occasions. Biblical Verses Image
Just as we have borne the image of the man of dust, we shall also bear the image of the man of heaven. I tell you this, brothers: flesh and blood cannot inherit the kingdom of God, nor does the perishable inherit the imperishable. Behold! I tell you a mystery. We shall not all sleep, but we shall all be changed, in a moment, in the twinkling of an eye, at the last trumpet. For the trumpet will sound, and the dead will be raised imperishable, and we shall be changed. For this perishable body must put on the imperishable, and this mortal body must put on immortality.


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Q&A: Daniel Norris, Blue Jays Pitching Prospect
by David Laurila
Daniel Norris seemed intrigued when I suggested he might be the next Drake Britton. It is an apples-to-orange comparison — the latter underwent Tommy John surgery and Norris's worst malady has been a forearm strain — but the southpaws share notable things in common. For one, they saw their professional careers get off to slow starts.
Norris, one of the top prospects in the Toronto Blue Jays system, has gone 3-11, 6.19 since being taken in the second round of the 2011 draft. Two years ago, in high-A, Britton went 1-13, 6.91. He is now in the big leagues with the Red Sox.
The 20-year-old Norris is showing indications he may be ready to turn a similar corner. In his last two starts for the low-A Lansing Lugnuts, he has thrown nine scoreless innings with 13 strikeouts. More importantly, he has begun pitching with more poise and confidence. Norris talked about his development — including what he has learned from his struggles — late last week.
Norris on dealing with adversity: "To be completely honest, I try not to think about it. I say 'try,' because it's almost inevitable that you do. But I just try to go pitch-by-pitch, game-by-game. That's a cliché, but it's the way you have to approach it. You need to have a short memory.
"I've definitely had my ups-and-downs, starting last season in Bluefield, I'd never experienced that kind of failure. I'm actually thankful for last year, and the beginning of this year, because I've learned how to deal with adversity. Now, the next day, I'm ready to go back out there and get better. It's been a blessing in disguise for me to have some bad games."
On the reasons behind his struggles: "I think a lot of it has been lack of command. I have to stay focused. My pitching coach this year, Vince Horsman, told me, 'It doesn't matter how hard you throw; if you're up in the zone, you're going to get hit.' For me, it's a matter of focusing down in the zone and getting ahead of guys, attacking guys.
"It's not that I'm figuring out the hitters, it's more a matter of figuring out myself. If I can get ahead of hitters, I know I can put them away with my off-speed. It's a matter of getting ahead and staying ahead.
"A lot of the [poor outings] have been due to bad innings, especially early in the year. I'd have a good game, and then an inning would implode. It would be like, 'Oh man, I ruined a good outing.' It's a matter of keeping my focus."
On his repertoire and velocity: "I throw a four-seam fastball, a two-seam fastball, a changeup, a slider, and a curveball. I came to pro ball with all of those pitches. The slider was new to me. I developed it my senior year of high school and now it's one of my put-away pitches. I've worked hard on refining it.
"I was [preparing for pro ball in high school]. My senior year, I focused a lot on my changeup, knowing I had to show one — show I had a feel for a changeup. It's a modified circle. It's kind of deep in my hand — I kind of choke it — and my pitching coach calls it a screwball because of the movement. I get arm-side run, and sink, with it. When I throw it right — when I get on top of it and throw it with conviction and arm speed — I get a lot of depth. It's been a good pitch for me this year.
"There is about an 8-10 mph difference from my fastball. My changeup has been as hard as 88 this year, but it's usually anywhere from 83-86. My fastball, before I went on the DL [with forearm soreness] was 93-95, and I've been up 96-97. Since then, I've mostly been 92-95.
"I think velocity is important to my game. I'm a fastball pitcher. I pitch off my fastball and velocity helps you get ahead of guys. And not that you want to pitch up in the zone, but sometimes you can get away with a few more mistakes when you throw harder.
"You can [selectively pitch up]. In fact, I've been doing that a little bit lately. I'll work low in the zone, get 0-2, 1-2, and then expand up with my fastball. If they chase, great. If not, then they're set up for a curveball. A fastball up, followed by a curveball down, changes a hitter's eye level and can get him to chase.
"I'd say I'm about 60 percent four-seam and 40 percent two seam. I like to throw my two-seam, it's just a matter of the feel I have for it that day. Sometimes the sink is more than I'm used to, and sometimes it's less. I usually get pretty good movement on it. I like to throw it with two strikes and when I'm ahead in the count.
"My slider has been pretty consistent this year. I've been very pleased with the break on it. I've been able to back-foot, or back-door, a righty with it. My curveball is something I've thrown all my life. It's usually around 72-76, so it's a bit of a change of pace. I can drop it in for strikes pretty consistently. The velocity isn't hard, but it's a hard breaker, so I can get some good swings-and-misses with it.
"Some pitching coaches like my slider more, and some like my curveball more. They all seem to like that I have both, because it gives me that other option. Hitters have another pitch to think about."
On mechanical changes and muscle memory: "Last year was a big… it was almost a whole revamp of my mechanics. I was inconsistent with my delivery. I knew that. Dane Johnson, our pitching coordinator, and I worked really hard in spring training, and extended spring training, to refine it. It's paying off. My delivery has been a lot more consistent, and I'm able to get on top of the ball more. Hard work pays off, getting that muscle memory into your mechanics.
"When I'm thinking about [my mechanics] is when I'm doing my side work. I'm getting the muscle memory there. Once I'm out on the mound, it's just all about competing.
"Delivery-wise, it was primarily that when I'd fall off, I'd get a lot of separation from my arm and my head. I'd land on my heel and spin off a little bit, and end up on the third base side. I've come to realize it's all right to fall off a little bit. Guys are going to fall off to their glove side, but it's a matter of staying through the ball when you're releasing it, and not getting on the side of it and cutting it. Being able to repeat that is big."
On continuing his development: "Going out there and pitching, more and more, is the main thing. It's a learning experience. The more innings I'm getting, the more comfortable I'm getting. I'm not foolish. I know there are going to be more bad outings. It's a matter of building confidence each time I'm out there, and feeling the ball come out of my hand.
"Has there been any doubting of myself? I don't think so. There have been times where it has been, 'Man, why is this happening to me?,' but things happen for a reason. You just have to overcome them. When I'm struggling, something inside me burns even harder to get through it.
"I'm glad I didn't come into pro ball and just coast. If you get too comfortable, too complacent, you often stop working hard. This has made me work harder than I ever have in my life, and if you want to be successful — if you want to achieve that dream of the big leagues — you have to work. For me, it's not about the money; it's about playing the game I love for the rest of my life. That what drives me. I know I was born to play baseball."
Dan Szymborski FanGraphs Chat – 8/12/13
The Unsung Heroes of the Dodgers Crazy Run
David Laurila grew up in Michigan's Upper Peninsula and now writes about baseball from his home in Cambridge, Mass. He authored the Prospectus Q&A series at Baseball Prospectus from December 2006-May 2011 before being claimed off waivers by FanGraphs. He can be followed on Twitter @DavidLaurilaQA.
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Vince Horseman is a great name. I read this article, and that is all I've been able to retain, so great is that name.
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Detroit Michael
It's probably "Horsman" instead of "Horseman" however:
http://www.baseball-reference.com/players/h/horsmvi01.shtml
siggian
It is indeed Horsman (without the e) and the article has it correctly spelt.
Then the blog post was edited. It initially was spelled "Horseman" in the blog post.
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Tom Wood Cares
Mr. Wood's background in the automotive industry started while he was attending Western Michigan University in Kalamazoo. He was a new car salesperson for a Mercury-Edsel dealer. After college he continued to sell full time until he had the opportunity to buy a small Hillman Sunbeam dealership in Kalamazoo. Within two years the manufacturer went out of business and Mr. Wood was forced to change his operation into a wholesale-retail used car lot with a complete body shop making up the major part of the total volume. He continued that operation until moving to Indianapolis in 1967 and purchasing Hedges Pontiac, which was located at 3125 E. Washington Street.
Since that initial franchise acquisition, Tom Wood, Inc. has grown to eighteen franchises and a full scale leasing operation, with locations throughout the Midwest - including Indianapolis and the surrounding area in Indiana, Lexington, Kentucky, Nashville, Tennessee, Fort Collins, Colorado, Richfield, Minnesota, and Wichita, Kansas. The current franchises include: Toyota/Scion, Nissan, Volkswagen, Subaru, Jaguar, Volvo, Acura, Mitsubishi, Land Rover, Porsche, Audi, Ford, Lexus and Honda. In addition to these franchises, there is Tom Wood Rental, Tom Wood Collision, Tom Wood Aviation, Tom Wood Powersports, Tom Wood Outdoor, Wood Group Insurance, Quality Leasing, and Premier Acceptance.
Although Mr. Wood lost a long, hard fought battle with cancer in February of 2010, his inspiring legacy in the Indianapolis community will long be remembered. Mr. Wood's philosophy is Success is not measured by the number of franchises or locations an organization has; it is measured by the people associated with it. All of the employees of Tom Wood Automotive strive every day to live up to Mr. Wood's philosophy by making every guest a loyal and satisfied guest for life. More than 1100 employees make up the Tom Wood family. Such individuals are few and far between, but we've succeeded in assembling the highest quality team.
tomwood.com


Book travel by sea online today!
Sea travel has never been easier than with Condor Ferries, offering the opportunity to take your own car and avoid any luggage restrictions. This is an ideal option if you are travelling with children or opting for a self-catering summer holiday to the Channel Islands!
All prices are per person based on 2 adults travelling by sea; including breakfast and taking your car on the fast ferry from Poole.
Valid for Thursday or Friday departures only, subject to availability. Terms and conditions apply.


Puducherry Chief Minister V Narayanasamy Thursday paid homage to Dr B R Ambedkar on his 62nd death anniversary here.
Ministers, legislators and leaders belonging to different political parties and various outfits championing the cause of the downtrodden garlanded a statue of the leader opposite the Assembly premises.
Former chief minister and Opposition Leader N Rangasamy paid tributes to a portrait of Ambedkar at the All India (NR) Congress party office here.


text:
Odisha to develop Chandrabhaga & Talasari beaches ...
Reshuffle in Odisha IAS cadre
New Development Commissioner Pradip Jena assumes charge...
By IW News Service | Jan 10, 2021 | Cinema |
New Delhi: The 51st Edition of Asia's oldest and India's biggest festival, The International Film Festival of India (IFFI) which is to be held in Goa from 16th January to 24th January 2021, has announced a line-up of programmes that will be showcased on the OTT platform during the festival.
Taking into account the ongoing Pandemic, International Film Festival of India is holding its first ever 'hybrid' Film festival. This year IFFI will organize a few of its events on the OTT platform for its audience.
Retrospective films
a. Pedro Almodóvar
Live Flesh | Bad Education | Volver
b. Ruben Östlund
The Square | Force Majeure
Mr. Shekhar Kapur, Mr. Priyadarshan, Mr. Perry Lang, Mr. Subhash Ghai, Tanvir Mokammel
In-conversation sessions
Mr. Ricky Kej, Mr. Rahul Rawail, Mr. Madhur Bhandarkar, Mr. Pablo Cesar, Mr. Abu Bakr Shawky, Mr. Prasoon Joshi, Mr. John Mathew Matthan, Ms. Anjali Menon, Mr. Aditya Dhar, Mr. Prasanna Vithanage, Mr Hariharan, Mr. Vikram Ghosh, Ms. Anupama Chopra, Mr. Sunil Doshi, Mr. Dominic Sangma, Mr. Sunit Tandon
Few world panorama films on the OTT platform
Opening and closing ceremony live telecast
Film appreciation sessions
FTII by Prof. Mazhar Kamran, Prof. Madhu Apsara, Prof.Pankaj Saxena
Mid fest film – World premiere
Mehrunisa
IFFI Website: https://iffigoa.org/
IFFI social media handles:
● Instagram – https://instagram.com/iffigoa?igshid=1t51o4714uzle
● Twitter – https://twitter.com/iffigoa?s=21
● Facebook – https://www.facebook.com/IFFIGoa/
About IFFI:
The International Film Festival of India (IFFI), founded in 1952, is one of the most significant film festivals in Asia. Held annually, currently in the state of Goa, the festival aims at providing a common platform for the cinemas of the world to project the excellence of the film art; contributing to the understanding and appreciation of film cultures of different nations in the context of their social and cultural ethos; and promoting friendship and cooperation among people of the world. The festival is conducted jointly by the Directorate of Film Festivals (under Ministry of Information and Broadcasting) and the state Government of Goa.
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text:
Canucks Prospects
Canucks Sign Lind to Entry Level Contract
By Matt Lawson March 2nd, 2018
The Vancouver Canucks finally inked Kelowna Rockets forward Kole Lind to a three-year entry level contract. The 19-year-old has been shredding the WHL with the Rockets and has certainly earned his shot with the Canucks.
#Canucks ink Kole Lind to three-year entry level contract; @klind13 has 85 points in 51 games with the @Kelowna_Rockets this season. https://t.co/j1B2gaz2pm
— Vancouver Canucks (@Canucks) March 1, 2018
Despite being held back by injury and illness, Lind has still manged to impress the hell out of Canucks' general manager, Jim Benning.
"We've been impressed not only with his high-end offensive skill but also in the way he battles, sees the ice and makes plays in the defensive end."- Benning said in a release.
Lind and the Rockets
Last season, with the Rockets, Lind chalked up 30 goals and assisted on an additional 57 in just 70 games. This season, in only 51 games, Lind has already found twine 35 times and recorded 50 apples.
Kole Lind of the Kelowna Rockets (Marissa Baecker/www.shootthebreeze.ca)
With his stellar output this season, it's no surprise that the Canucks sent a contract Lind's way. On top of his offensive game, Lind also plays a tough two-way game that puts smiles on coach's faces. He's not afraid to bang bodies and get in the dirty areas and throw his weight around.
"He's a playmaker who can also find the back of the net and isn't shy about playing physical either." – Jeff Marek, Sportsnet
His prowess this season earned a spot in the Canada/Russia Series and he dominated out there. Unfortunately, he was not utilized by Team Canada in the 2018 World Junior Championship in a very questionable decision.
Despite the WJC snub, injury and illness, Lind has impressively managed to put all of that in his rear-view and keep pressing on, growing and developing as he does. His development has earned him top-six NHL projections and that's exactly where the Canucks hope to see him land.
Lind and the Canucks
A puck-moving, tough and skilled winger is exactly what Lind is and he's exactly what the Canucks need moving forward. The back-nine of this 2017-18 season will be a good time to evaluate the Canucks' upcoming talent and we are likely to see Lind getting a solid amount of looks.
Kole Lind, right, didn't look out of place with the Vancouver Canucks prospects at the 2017 Young Stars Classic in Penticton, seen here alongside Evan Polei of the Edmonton Oilers prospects. (Marissa Baecker/Shootthebreeze.ca)
The fact that Lind contributes offensively and also plays with a physical edge makes him a very versatile forward that can either bolster a team's bottom-six or add some additional grit and skill to a top-six unit. I'd expect Lind to get some time playing with recently acquired Tyler Motte and either Sam Gagner or Brandon Sutter down the middle — so, a third-line look to start.
Travis Green may also choose to toss Lind into the man-advantage rotation, likely on the second unit. He plays well on his off-wing and has a great shot coming off the wall. He's also been known to float high-slot for re-directions and/or one-timers.
The Insurance Goal of the game in Tuesday night's 5-2 win over Medicine Hat was scored by #16 Kole Lind. For a full list of this year's insurance goals click here: https://t.co/3OOBREz1AR #InsuranceGoals ?? pic.twitter.com/WXwfGnpL0o
— Kelowna Rockets (@Kelowna_Rockets) January 31, 2018
The Canucks may, understandably, throw him into a bottom-six role but it's important to note that Lind is no stranger to playing with elite talent. On the Rockets, Lind plays alongside Dillon Dube, who is largely regarded as one of the best players in the WHL. He also played with talent like Cody Glass and Michael Rasmussen in the Canada/Russia series, jelling quite nicely with the two top-10 NHL draft picks.
"The chemistry was there. Cody and Michael both went top-10 (in this year's NHL draft) so they're easy guys to play with. We definitely knew where each other were for most of the game." – Lind told the Regina Leader Post
His play-making abilities give him that ability to slot in with prominent talent and, who knows, Green might just decide to toss him in with some notable talent. Also, depending on how the Northeastern Huskies fare in the NCAA Frozen Four, Adam Gaudette could see some NHL action late in the season and he could be a good fit with Lind — a two way presence spiced up with some serious offensive game.
Are you excited about Kole Lind? Where do you think he will fit in with the Canucks? Let me know down below!
Kole Lind


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This entry was posted in General, Household Sewing - bags, napkins, pillows and tagged fabric buckets, handmade, tutorial. Bookmark the permalink.
I love this. I wanted a little bucket to make a container for my dog's medication that I can leave on the container so I don't forget to give them to her. These are the perfect size. Thank you!
I have some old jeans that I think would be perfect for this project. It will just need some vibrant cotton for the lining.
Do you think I'll still need interfacing with denim?
Can you tell me how big the circle is for the mini? I click on it but it doesn't come up. Thanks.


text:
The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge, aka Prince William and Kate Middleton, have delayed their honeymoon
The royal newlyweds – who married at London's Westminster Abbey on Friday – are currently enjoying a short break at an undisclosed UK location but have postponed jetting off on holiday because Prince William is returning to work on Tuesday.
A royal spokesperson confirmed: "The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge have chosen not to depart for a honeymoon immediately. Instead, after spending the weekend privately in the United Kingdom, the Duke will return to work as a search-and-rescue pilot next week.
"The locations of both their private weekend before the Duke returns to work and their future honeymoon, which will be overseas, will not be disclosed in advance."
Meanwhile, further details of the couple's wedding reception have emerged, including the revelation that William and Kate had their first dance to a live rendition of Sir Elton John's classic hit 'Your Song', which was performed for them by Ellie Goulding.
A source said: "It was a clear yet subtle nod to William's mother Princess Diana because she loved that song and William knew that.
"Elton is also very important to William because of his role at Diana's funeral.
"Ellie's performance was spectacular and even Prince Charles and his wife Camilla ended up slow-dancing on the floor before they bailed out and left it to the young ones."
It has also been claimed that Prince Harry, William's brother, wore a fez hat when giving his best man's speech, in which he poked fun at the groom's receding hair line and referred to the newlyweds as the "dude and duchess".
An insider told the News of the World newspaper: "Harry's speech was so funny. He kept calling William a 'dude'. He had us all in stitches.
"Harry ended up saying William was actually an all-right guy but not as good-looking as he was – apart from his red hair."
However, the address was not without emotional moments and Harry left both William and Kate near tears when he spoke about his late mother.
The source added: "Harry said how much his mum would have been proud of the, both. It was a great speech and the fez just made it. It was so Harry – he down-to-earth larking about the brothers are known for."
Kate's father Michael Middleton also made guests laugh with his speech, in which he poked fun at an April 2008 incident which saw William criticised for using an army helicopter to visit his then-girlfriend.
Michael said: "I knew things were getting serious when I found a helicopter in my garden. I thought, 'Gosh, he must like my daughter.'
"I did wonder how he was going to top this."


text:
Organic pollution of rivers: Combined threats of urbanization, livestock farming and global climate change
Yingrong Wen*, Gerrit Schoups, Nick Van De Giesen
Organic pollution of rivers by wastewater discharge from human activities negatively impacts people and ecosystems. Without treatment, pollution control relies on a combination of natural degradation and dilution by natural runoff to reduce downstream effects. We quantify here for the first time the global sanitation crisis through its impact on organic river pollution from the threats of (1) increasing wastewater discharge due to urbanization and intensification of livestock farming, and (2) reductions in river dilution capacity due to climate change and water extractions. Using in-stream Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) as an overall indicator of organic river pollution, we calculate historical (2000) and future (2050) BOD concentrations in global river networks. Despite significant self-cleaning capacities of rivers, the number of people affected by organic pollution (BOD >5 mg/l) is projected to increase from 1.1 billion in 2000 to 2.5 billion in 2050. With developing countries disproportionately affected, our results point to a growing need for affordable wastewater solutions.
10.1038/srep43289
srep43289Final published version, 1.53 MBLicence: CC BY
http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:9d418409-8c17-4491-a906-406dead5542c
Dive into the research topics of 'Organic pollution of rivers: Combined threats of urbanization, livestock farming and global climate change'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Climate Change Medicine & Life Sciences 100%
Urbanization Medicine & Life Sciences 92%
Rivers Medicine & Life Sciences 88%
Livestock Medicine & Life Sciences 87%
Agriculture Medicine & Life Sciences 83%
Waste Water Medicine & Life Sciences 46%
Sanitation Medicine & Life Sciences 14%
Supporting data and code for the publication: Organic pollution of rivers: Combined threats of urbanization, livestock farming and global climate change.
Wen, Y. (Creator), Schoups, G. H. W. (Creator) & van de Giesen, N. C. (Creator), TU Delft - 4TU.ResearchData, 2020
DOI: 10.4121/UUID:93F522D5-6A62-4D97-ACEF-963EB0C509C0
Dataset/Software: Dataset
Wen, Y., Schoups, G., & Van De Giesen, N. (2017). Organic pollution of rivers: Combined threats of urbanization, livestock farming and global climate change. Scientific Reports, 7, [43289]. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep43289
Wen, Yingrong ; Schoups, Gerrit ; Van De Giesen, Nick. / Organic pollution of rivers : Combined threats of urbanization, livestock farming and global climate change. In: Scientific Reports. 2017 ; Vol. 7.
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title = "Organic pollution of rivers: Combined threats of urbanization, livestock farming and global climate change",
abstract = "Organic pollution of rivers by wastewater discharge from human activities negatively impacts people and ecosystems. Without treatment, pollution control relies on a combination of natural degradation and dilution by natural runoff to reduce downstream effects. We quantify here for the first time the global sanitation crisis through its impact on organic river pollution from the threats of (1) increasing wastewater discharge due to urbanization and intensification of livestock farming, and (2) reductions in river dilution capacity due to climate change and water extractions. Using in-stream Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) as an overall indicator of organic river pollution, we calculate historical (2000) and future (2050) BOD concentrations in global river networks. Despite significant self-cleaning capacities of rivers, the number of people affected by organic pollution (BOD >5 mg/l) is projected to increase from 1.1 billion in 2000 to 2.5 billion in 2050. With developing countries disproportionately affected, our results point to a growing need for affordable wastewater solutions.",
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Organic pollution of rivers : Combined threats of urbanization, livestock farming and global climate change. / Wen, Yingrong; Schoups, Gerrit; Van De Giesen, Nick.
In: Scientific Reports, Vol. 7, 43289, 23.02.2017.
T1 - Organic pollution of rivers
T2 - Combined threats of urbanization, livestock farming and global climate change
AU - Wen, Yingrong
AU - Schoups, Gerrit
AU - Van De Giesen, Nick
N2 - Organic pollution of rivers by wastewater discharge from human activities negatively impacts people and ecosystems. Without treatment, pollution control relies on a combination of natural degradation and dilution by natural runoff to reduce downstream effects. We quantify here for the first time the global sanitation crisis through its impact on organic river pollution from the threats of (1) increasing wastewater discharge due to urbanization and intensification of livestock farming, and (2) reductions in river dilution capacity due to climate change and water extractions. Using in-stream Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) as an overall indicator of organic river pollution, we calculate historical (2000) and future (2050) BOD concentrations in global river networks. Despite significant self-cleaning capacities of rivers, the number of people affected by organic pollution (BOD >5 mg/l) is projected to increase from 1.1 billion in 2000 to 2.5 billion in 2050. With developing countries disproportionately affected, our results point to a growing need for affordable wastewater solutions.
AB - Organic pollution of rivers by wastewater discharge from human activities negatively impacts people and ecosystems. Without treatment, pollution control relies on a combination of natural degradation and dilution by natural runoff to reduce downstream effects. We quantify here for the first time the global sanitation crisis through its impact on organic river pollution from the threats of (1) increasing wastewater discharge due to urbanization and intensification of livestock farming, and (2) reductions in river dilution capacity due to climate change and water extractions. Using in-stream Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) as an overall indicator of organic river pollution, we calculate historical (2000) and future (2050) BOD concentrations in global river networks. Despite significant self-cleaning capacities of rivers, the number of people affected by organic pollution (BOD >5 mg/l) is projected to increase from 1.1 billion in 2000 to 2.5 billion in 2050. With developing countries disproportionately affected, our results point to a growing need for affordable wastewater solutions.
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JO - Scientific Reports
JF - Scientific Reports
Wen Y, Schoups G, Van De Giesen N. Organic pollution of rivers: Combined threats of urbanization, livestock farming and global climate change. Scientific Reports. 2017 Feb 23;7. 43289. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep43289


Looking into possibly doing a 3 night cruise next March and found some options on the Dream. I have a few questions for anyone who's been on or knows people who have been on.
Since we've never cruised before and have no idea if we will like it or have any sea issues, it would be a simple 3 night Bahamian cruise out of Port Canaveral.
1. For 2 adults who like quiet, especially at night, what decks would be best? My limited research suggests 9. We don't want to be too near a lot of activity areas, !ik e pools, lounges, etc.
2. Is there less ship movement felt in the mid section rooms versus either end?
4. Is there any particular benefit to being on one side of the ship versus the other? I'm guessing since it's an out and back trip you'll eventually see both sides of the ocean. But that's just a guess.
Welcome any feedback and advice!
I like Deck 6 personally. We were Deck 8 forward (directly under the bridge) on our last cruise and the noise from above drove me nuts. I can say for sure that the 9 forward area gets a lot of foot traffic coming and going from the bridge. Being towards midship or aft might not be as bad.
Mid section, and lower on the ship, is generally believed to have the least movement. There are different kinds of movement to consider. I don't have issues with the motion of the ocean, but I do have a big problem with the subtle vibration from the engines. I tend to stay away from the aft of the ship because of that. On the other hand, Becks swears by her room that's 6 aft looking off the rear of the ship because of the huge balcony.
If you can verandah - do verandah. So worth it.
Yes! When you pull into Castaway Cay, the Starboard side (right side when looking forward) of the ship has better views of the island. Especially if you are in the midship or aft area.
Well I did it! I booked a cruise on the Dream for Joe's 40th birthday. He does not know yet.
March 1-4. Cabin 7624. I took as much of your advice as possible within the short booking notice. I think we did ok.
Now to figure out just what the heck I did. And how/when I tell Joe!
Oh how exciting!!!! I can't wait to hear about the reveal! I am still trying to figure out how to fit one in this year.
You guys are going to have a great time, and I am way jelly. You'll have to send some of that Carbibean sunshine my way.
Wow, this came up fast! We set sail in 6 days. Super excited.
I told Joe a few weeks ago (I went with 2 scrolls that I stuck in empty bottles - ha!) and he seems pretty excited.
No excursion booked or planned - will play it by ear and see what he wants to do. I had reserved snorkel gear but after researching the weather and water temps I'm pretty sure Joe will not want to go in the water much, if at all..I will go on for sure though.
I think we will at least get off the boat at Nassau and explore the Festival Place and maybe the immediate area. I noted the state department has a Level 2 advisory to exercise increase caution. So we won't go far.....I'm not that adventurous on a first visit.
We'll do the Castaway Cay 5k on Sunday morning then enjoy the beach, maybe rent bikes. And just have a great time.
I asked for a private table for the rotational dining - will be curious to see if they accommodate. I had to promise to not specifically call out his birthday at dinner (but I might see if they can do a Happy 40th Birthday to Joe announcement of some sort on his birthday).
I plan to sneak my pirate Mickey ears into the suitcase for pirate night on Saturday!!
It's about 2 and a half hours from our house to Port Canaveral, and we are boarding the dogs at a place about 15 minutes beyond Disney but right on the way to the port. I'm allowing 3 hours minimum, but probably will leave 3 1/2 hours before our port arrival window of 12:15-12:30.
And I took off this Thursday so just 3 days of work!!!!
Sounds wonderful!!!! Playing by ear is a great first time idea.
Nassau - Be prepared to be bombarded. We stay on board at this point. You can't walk 2 feet without someone trying to sell you something or go on a tour. Be prepared for that. Just keep walking!!
They normally are pretty responsive to the tables for 2, I've even seen them move people to a different table. You can check when you board to make sure and if they didn't, ask again.
Pirate Night is great, we see people dressed up and some who don't do a thing. They do leave bandanas in your room for it too!
Port is great and really easy to navigate.We always park there, just so much easier Gotta pay to park no matter where you do, we spend a little extra to be there and in our own car as soon as we are back.
I think you will love it! Can't wait to hear your thought ans see a pic or 2!!
Whoo hoo! I'm so jelly.
We were at Castaway Cay last year at this time and the water was just lovely to be in. Don't count it out.
I stay on the ship in Nassau as well. I took a shore excursion once and the place just isn't for me.
Have an awesome time! We just got back from our 1st Disney cruise earlier this month and I'm already plotting how to get back.