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La malattia di Pierce (in inglese: Pierce's disease, a volte abbreviata in PD) è una patologia vegetale che colpisce la vite con effetti esiziali. È causata dal batterio Gram negativo Xylella fastidiosa, originario dell'America settentrionale, nella quale è assai diffuso.

Manifestatasi inizialmente in California, fu descritta per la prima volta nel 1892 dallo studioso Newton B. Pierce sui vigneti della California, vicino ad Anaheim.

Agente causale

L'agente causale è il batterio Xylella fastidiosa, un gamma proteobatterio della famiglia delle Xanthomonadaceae. Il batterio, usando come vettori svariate cicaline Homalodisca, ha dimostrato di avere un intenso impatto agronomico, essendo all'origine, o in associazione, oltre che della malattia di Pierce, di varie altre fitopatologie che colpiscono altre specie vegetali, tra le quali pianta del caffè, olivo, pesco, pero, oleandro, banano. Le specie colpite sono circa 150.

Sintomi

Quando una pianta di vite è infettata, il batterio si moltiplica nello xilema formando delle masse batteriche che si ricoprono di esopolisaccaridi e lipopolisaccaridi che impediscono la circolazione della linfa verso i tessuti della pianta. Gli effetti sulle foglie sono macchie necrotiche contornate da aloni necrotici. Le foglie virano dapprima al giallo e al marrone, e infine cadono precocemente dalla vite. I germogli muoiono e i grappoli colpiti si disidratano, con frutti che risultano piccoli e duri. Anche i rami muoiono e l'intera pianta perisce in un lasso di tempo che va da 1 a 5 anni.

Sulla pianta colpita si è scoperta una grande quantità di traspirazione e fotosintesi, alta concentrazione di acido abscissico, glucosio, calcio, e magnesio.

La prossimità tra vigneti e agrumeti accentua la minaccia, perché gli agrumi non sono soltanto un ospite per le uova dell'Homalodisca vitripennis, ma anche un rifugio di svernamento importante per l'insetto.

Allo stesso modo, l'oleandro (Nerium oleander), pianta molto comune del paesaggio californiano, è anch'essa un serbatoio per il batterio Xylella.

Diffusione

La malattia di Pierce si trasmette utilizzando come vettore le cicaline Homalodisca spp., insetto omottero (taxon che raccoglie insetti pungitori succhiatori di linfa, spesso vettori di malattie delle piante). negli anni 1880 la malattia aveva infestato e devastato oltre 40 000 acri (160 km²) di vigne intorno ad Anaheim, in California.

La malattia è endemica nel nord della California, dove è veicolata da Graphocephala atropunctata (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadellidae), che propaga la malattia solo a viti che sono nelle adiacenze di habitat rivieraschi. Grazie a questo, nel corso degli anni, i produttori californiani avevano imparato ad adattarsi e a convivere con la malattia. Tuttavia, la diffusione della malattia di Pierce è notevolmente aumentata dalla seconda metà degli anni novanta del Novecento, diventando una vera e propria minaccia per l'intero settore dell'industria vinicola californiana, quando lHomalodisca vitripennis, una piccola cicala originaria del sud est degli Stati Uniti, ha fatto la sua comparsa nel 1996 nella valle di Temecula in California.

Questo insetto si nutre della linfa grezza trasportata nello xilema delle piante e quindi può diffondere il batterio molto più estesamente rispetto a quanto fanno altri vettori.

La malattia di Pierce, al 2015, è circoscritta al sud degli Stati Uniti e al Messico. Inoltre, è stato segnalata da Luis G. Jiménez-Arias in Costa Rica e Venezuela, e forse in altre parti del Centro e Sud America. Esistono hotspot isolati della malattia presso i corsi d'acqua nell'area di Napa e Sonoma, nella California settentrionale.

Etimologia

La malattia deve il suo nome a Newton B. Pierce, primo fitopatologo della California, che fu il primo a descriverla nel 1892. In precedenza, la malattia, già conosciuta per i danni ai vigneti californiani negli anni 1880, era chiamata «Anaheim disease» (malattia di Anaheim), o «mysterious vine disease» (malattia misteriosa della vite).

Rimedi

Contro questa malattia non vi sono trattamenti chimici di lotta ma solo preventivi.

Studi e ricerche sulla malattia

L'escalation della malattia dovuta all'impatto di Homalodisca vitripennis ha innescato uno sforzo unico da parte di coltivatori, amministratori, politici, ricercatori, a collaborare per trovare una soluzione per questa immensa minaccia. Nessuna cura è stata ancora trovata al 2015, ma la comprensione della biologia di Xylella fastidiosa e Homalodisca vitripennis è molto aumentata dal 2000, quando il California Department of Food and Agriculture, in collaborazione con diverse università, come l'Università della California a Davis, l'Università della California a Berkeley, l'Università della California a Riverside, e l'Università di Houston–Downtown, hanno cominciato a focalizzare la loro ricerca su questo parassita. Tale ricerca esplora i diversi aspetti della propagazione della malattia dal vettore verso la pianta ospite e all'interno della pianta ospite, per l'impatto della malattia sull'economia della California.

Tutti i ricercatori che lavorano sulla malattia di Pierce si incontrano ogni anno a San Diego a metà dicembre per discutere i progressi nel loro campo. Gli atti di questo convegno sono disponibili sul sito Internet della malattia di Pierce, sviluppati e gestiti dalla Public Intellectual Property Resource for Agriculture (Pipra). Non ci sono vitigni resistenti, e lo chardonnay e il pinot nero sono particolarmente sensibili, anche se le uve moscato hanno una resistenza naturale.

Presso l'Università della California a Davis è in corso una ricerca per selezionare e allevare varietà di vite resistenti alla malattia di Pierce. La prima generazione era per il 50% geni di Vitis vinifera di alta qualità, il successivo 75%, 87% il terzo, il quarto 94%. Nella primavera del 2007 sono state messe a dimora piantine che sono il 94% vinifera. Le foglie sulle viti con la malattia di Pierce virano dapprima al giallo e al marrone, e infine cadono precocemente dalla vite; i germogli muoiono, mentre i frutti risultano piccoli e duri. Dopo 1-5 anni, la pianta stessa perisce.

Note

Voci correlate
 Xylella fastidiosa
 Coltivazione della vite
 Complesso del disseccamento rapido dell'ulivo

Avversità della vite
Patologie vegetali


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Q: Syntax error binding to a static resource in Silverlight I am having a problem with accessing Application Resources from a UserControl in my Silverlight application.  Here is my UserControl:
<UserControl x:Class="MyApp.MainControl"
    xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
    xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
    xmlns:basics="clr-namespace:System.Windows.Controls;assembly=System.Windows.Controls" >
    <basics:TabControl TabStripPlacement="Left">
        <basics:TabItem Name="tabHome" Header="Home"></basics:TabItem>
        <basics:TabItem Name="tabPatients" Header="{StaticResource My_Patients}"></basics:TabItem>
        <basics:TabItem Name="tabOrganization" Header="My Organization"></basics:TabItem>
    </basics:TabControl>
</UserControl>

I am getting an error on the line where I set the Header property of the tabPatients tab to the static resource My_Patients.
Here is my Application file:
<Application xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
             xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
             xmlns:System="clr-namespace:System;assembly=mscorlib"
             x:Class="MyApp.App">
    <Application.Resources>
        <System:String x:Key="My_Patients">All My Patients</System:String>
    </Application.Resources>
</Application>

Can anyone tell me what is wrong?

A: From what I recall, this is a bug that's been around for some time--you can specify a string StaticResource for a string property, but not for a content control's content (i.e. the TabItem's Header).
I may be wrong, but I think the following workaround may help:
Header="{Binding Source={StaticResource My_Patients}}"

At any rate, if your goal is to make your application localizable, I'd recommend reading Tim Heuer's blog post on the subject.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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IFC Sustainability Framework - Effective January 1, 2012
ESG Resources for Companies
Sustainable Agribusiness
E&S Performance Standards
EHS Guidelines
ESRP Manual
e57fa175-b024-4da1-bb1f-ce940831422f_div
84 pages | © January 2012 IFC | Complimentary
IFC's Sustainability Framework articulates the Corporation's strategic commitment to sustainable development, and is an integral part of IFC's approach to risk management. The Sustainability Framework comprises IFC's Policy and Performance Standards on Environmental and Social Sustainability, and IFC's Access to Information Policy.
The Policy on Environmental and Social Sustainability describes IFC's commitments, roles, and responsibilities related to environmental and social sustainability.
IFC's Access to Information Policy reflects IFC's commitment to transparency and good governance on its operations, and outlines the Corporation's institutional disclosure obligations regarding its investment and advisory services.
The Performance Standards are directed towards clients, providing guidance on how to identify risks and impacts, and are designed to help avoid, mitigate, and manage risks and impacts as a way of doing business in a sustainable way, including stakeholder engagement and disclosure obligations of the client in relation to project-level activities.
IFC uses the Sustainability Framework along with other strategies, policies, and initiatives to direct the business activities of the Corporation in order to achieve its overall development objectives.
View document in new window | Download full publication [PDF]
IFC's Sustainability Framework

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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DER SPIEGEL International
Economic and Financial Crisis
'It Is Incomprehensible': Merkel Attacks Banker Bonuses
'It Is Incomprehensible' Merkel Attacks Banker Bonuses
Chancellor Angela Merkel and other political leaders in Germany are piling criticism on banking executives for paying out large bonuses despite receiving billions of euros in state support in the financial crisis.
The skyline of Frankfurt, Germany's financial capital.
Chancellor Angela Merkel has not minced her words in criticizing banking executives: "It is incomprehensible that banks helped out by the state in many cases pay out huge sums in bonuses," she told SPIEGEL in the latest issue published on Monday. The subject will be addressed at the G-20 summit of leading economies in London in early April, she said. "Overall the bonus system must be linked to the truly sustainable success of the banks in an internationally more transparent way," Merkel said.
Deputy Chancellor Frank-Walter Steinmeier of the Social Democrats has been no less vocal. "I keep being shocked by the loss of any sense of reality and the cynicism of some leading executives," he said.
Other politicians have joined in the attacks on banking executives over the promised payment of €400 million ($515.92 million) in bonuses to the investment bankers of Dresdner Kleinwort Benson.
The money was pledged last summer by insurance group Allianz, which was the parent company of Dresdner at the time. Commerzbank has since taken over the bank and has questioned the payments. As part of a bailout partially aimed at keeping the acquisition of Dresdner from collapsing, the German government has taken a 25 percent stake in Commerzbank and has invested a total of €18.2 billion in the bank.
"Greedy Bankers Sue to Get Millions in Bonuses," tabloid Bild newspaper wrote last week following the news that the bankers were considering taking legal action to protect their bonus payments. The article was accompanied by the photo of a smiling former head of Dresdner Kleinwort, Stefan Jentzsch.
Since then, however, Jentzsch has decided to forgo his bonus for 2008, a Dresdner spokesman told SPIEGEL ONLINE on Friday. The former CEO of Dresdner, Herbert Walter, has also forgone his bonus entitlement for 2008.
Some executives have also attacked the rules on bonus payments and the people who drafted them. "There clearly were excesses," Nikolaus von Bomhard, CEO of reinsurance giant Munich Re, told SPIEGEL. The high, short-term bonuses had helped fan the flames of the crisis, he added.
But given the dimensions of the credit crunch, one should also consider criticizing the supervisory board members and investors who set up the bonus system, said Bomhard.
He said the public criticism about the bonuses was "totally legitimate" and that he could understand why the government was considering putting caps on them.
Bomhard also said that in addition to the bonus system, the failures of risk management and a lack of personal responsibility by senior executives were further fundamental problems at the root of the crisis.
Separately, a government spokesman said on Monday that Merkel would prefer to avoid nationalizing troubled mortgage lender Hypo Real Estate, which has so far received €102 ($131 billion) in state aid, to help shore up financial markets.
Berlin is determined to prevent HRE from collapsing and would prefer to take a majority stake in the company rather than nationalizing it outright, government spokesman Ulrich Wilhelm told reporters.
Wilhelm said nationalizing the bank by expropriating its shareholders should be seen as a last resort if all other attempts to rescue the bank fail. The government is determined to shore up HRE because it is mindful of the chaos in the financial system caused by the collapse of Lehman Brothers last year.
Nationalization could damage Germany's image as a business location, analysts warned.
Editor's note: SPIEGEL ONLINE International will publish the current SPIEGEL cover story, "The Shameless: Billions in Bonuses for Bankers," as well as an interview with reinsurer Munich Re CEO Nikolaus von Bomhard, later this week.
cro -- with wire reports
Aftermath of Part-Nationalization: Berlin Wants Commerzbank to Kick-Start Stalled Lending


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Star Wars: Battlefront II — компьютерная игра в жанре шутер от первого лица с возможностью переключаться на вид от третьего лица, по вселенной «Звёздных войн», четвёртая игра серии Star Wars Battlefront, являющаяся продолжением предыдущей части. Игра была разработана шведской компанией EA DICE в сотрудничестве с Criterion Games и Motive Studios и изданная Electronic Arts для платформ Windows, PlayStation 4 и Xbox One.

Мультиплеер
Star Wars Battlefront II содержит 11 режимов и включает большое разнообразие техники и оружия, а также возможность играть за персонажей, бойцов и на планетах всех трёх эпох вселенной.

Режимы игры
 Полное превосходство. В режиме «Полное превосходство» двум командам по 20 игроков надо захватывать командные посты, их 5 на всей карте. Если какая-либо команда захватила 3 или более командных постов, она копит подкрепления. Когда какая-то из команд накапливает 100 единиц подкрепления, она высаживается на корабль противника и пытается уничтожить его изнутри. Цель игры — уничтожить корабль противника.
 Превосходство. В режиме «Превосходство» размер отряда ограничен 8 игроками и для победы потребуется выполнить боевые задачи.
 Схватка. Режим «Схватка» представляет собой активные бои на маленьких картах. Побеждает команда, устранившая 100 бойцов противника первая.
 Битва звёздных истребителей. Две команды сражаются в космосе на звёздных истребителях, выполняя разные боевые задачи.
 Герои против злодеев. Командный бой 4 на 4 между героями и злодеями всех трёх эпох вселенной «Звёздных Войн». Побеждает команда устранившая 35 героев противника первой.
 Аркада. Режим «Аркада» — бой в одиночку или с напарником против бойцов под управлением искусственного интеллекта.
 Галактическая битва. Масштабные командные сражения на знаменитых полях боя вселенной «Звёздных войн».
 Столкновение героев. Две пары героев сражаются друг против друга в трёх раундах. Побеждает команда победившая в трёх раундах первой.
 Звёздные истребители героев. Две команды по 4 игрока сражаются на Звёздных истребителях героев на протяжении трёх раундов по 5 минут. Цель каждого раунда уничтожить все звёздные истребители героев противника. Подбитые истребители героев заменяют обычные истребители разных армий из «Звёздных войн». Побеждает команда, победившая первой в трёх раундах.
 Охота эвоков. В бою участвуют 20 игроков. Поле боя — Эндор. В начале боя выбирается первый эвок, который должен убивать штурмовиков Империи. Каждый убитый штурмовик заменяется на эвока. Цель штурмовиков — остаться в живых и высадиться на имперский шаттл во время утренней эвакуации. Цель эвоков — убить всех штурмовиков.
 Эвакуация. В бою участвуют две команды по 8 игроков — Империя и Альянс повстанцев. Поле боя — рудники коаксия на Кесселе. Альянс повстанцев везёт груз от первой контрольной точки до последней. Всего есть 4 контрольные точки. Груз передвигается только если его сопровождает хотя бы один игрок из Альянса повстанцев. На передвижение груза от одной контрольной точки до другой отводится определённое время, при достижении контрольных точек даётся дополнительное время. Альянс повстанцев побеждает если груз достигнет последней контрольной точки за отведённое время, Империя побеждает если груз не достигнет контрольной точки за отведённое время.

Изменения в геймплее
В отличие от предыдущей части, в игру были добавлены 4 игровых класса: Обычный солдат, Тяжёлый боец, Офицер и Специалист. Каждый класс имеет свои уникальные способности и преимущества. Каждый класс имеет свой вид оружия. Для солдата это бластерные винтовки, для тяжёлого бойца — пулемёт, у офицера это бластерный пистолет, а у специалиста снайперские винтовки. Оружие можно улучшить, поставив на него разные модификации (автоохлаждение, ионные выстрелы и т.д). Была изменена система звёздных карт, теперь карточки могут улучшить способности героев, транспорта, истребителей, солдат и подкреплений. У карт появились уровни (их всего 4). Улучшать карты можно за очки опыта, получаемые при получении нового уровня бойца. Оружие можно получить, убив определённое количество врагов, а убивая врагов определённым оружием можно получать модификации. Скины и эмоции можно купить за кредиты, получаемые после матчей. В самом начале игры все герои свободны, и платить за разблокировки не надо. Также в игре появилась система очков. За заработанные очки можно призвать подкрепления и героев (при вызове подкрепления или героя очки расходуются).

Одиночная кампания
После отсутствия в предыдущей части, в игру вернулась одиночная кампания. Кампания начинается во время событий Битвы при Эндоре и за 30 лет до событий фильма «Звёздные войны: Пробуждение силы». Сюжет повествует о судьбе Иден Версио — командира элитного имперского отряда «Инферно», оставшейся верной Империи после гибели Императора. Цель отряда — исполнить последний приказ лорда ситхов, а именно начать операцию «Зола», которая должна положить конец Альянсу Повстанцев. Участвуя во всех крупномасштабных сражениях после битвы при Эндоре и встречая почти всех главных героев той эпохи, Иден Версио постепенно начинает терять веру в Империю, тем временем наблюдая восход Первого Ордена.

Разработка
10 мая 2016 года финансовый директор ЕА Блейк Йоргенсен на совещании с инвесторами подтвердил, что игра Star Wars: Battlefront II находится в разработке, а также он заявил, что игра будет основываться на контенте «из новых фильмов». Позднее было подтверждено, что разработкой игры займётся студия EA DICE в сотрудничестве с Motive Studios, и что в игре будет одиночная кампания.

Мэттью Уэбстер, исполнительный продюсер, 15 апреля 2017 года официально анонсировал Star Wars Battlefront II на конференции Star Wars Celebration, заявив, что игра выйдет во всём мире 17 ноября 2017 года. Бета-тестирование Battlefront II началось 4 октября, и было доступно для всех игроков, которые предварительно заказали игру. 6 октября бета-тестирование стало открытым, и продолжилось до 11 октября. 10-часовая пробная версия стала доступной для подписчиков EA Access и Origin Access с 9 ноября.

25 июля 2017 года была выпущена сопутствующая новеллизация игры, Star Wars Battlefront II: Inferno Squad, за авторством Кристи Голден. Книга является приквелом к событиям игры, и описывает одноимённый отряд штурмовиков Империи, который занимается ликвидацией остатков повстанческой ячейки Со Герреры после событий кинофильма «Изгой-один».

10 ноября 2017 года была анонсирована серия бесплатного загружаемого контента, в которую входят планеты Д'Кар и Крэйт, и играбельные героические персонажи Финн и Капитан Фазма. Данная серия загружаемого контента связана с декабрьским фильмом «Звёздные войны: Последние джедаи».

26 марта 2019 года был выпущен набор бесплатного загружаемого контента, в который входит планета Джеонозис, новый игровой режим «Полное Превосходство», и играбельные персонажи Оби-Ван Кеноби, генерал Гривус, граф Дуку и Энакин Скайуокер.

26 июня 2019 года вышло обновление, добавившее дройдек, облик генерала-джедая для Энакина Скайуокера, республиканский танк TX-130, несколько новых обликов для клонов и карты планет Набу, Кашиик, Камино и Фелуции для Полного превосходства.

17 декабря 2019 года был выпущен набор бесплатного загружаемого контента, в который входит планета Ажан Клосс, бойцы подкрепления, и новые облики для героев. С 17 декабря 2019 года стало доступно для покупки Праздничное Издание в которое входит около 350 обликов для бойцов и героев, эмоции и победные стойки. Данная серия загружаемого контента связана с декабрьским фильмом «Звёздные войны: Скайуокер. Восход»

3 февраля 2020 года было выпущено обновление добавляющее двух дроидов — BB-8 за светлую сторону, и BB-9 за тёмную сторону.

Монетизация
Во время предварительного бета-тестирования издатель игры, Electronic Arts, подвергся критике игроков и игровой прессы за ввод схемы монетизации в виде лутбоксов, которая даёт игрокам существенные преимущества в игровом процессе путём приобретения предметов за реальные деньги. Несмотря на то, что такие предметы также можно приобрести и за игровую валюту, игроки в среднем должны «гриндить» в течение примерно 40 часов, чтобы разблокировать хотя бы одного персонажа, такого как Дарт Вейдер. В ответ на критику разработчики скорректировали количество внутриигровых предметов, которые игрок получает за игру. Однако, после того как часть игроков и игровых журналистов получила пре-релизную версию игры, они сообщили о различных спорных особенностях геймплея, таких как награды, не связанные с производительностью игрока в игре. Один игрок сообщил на «Реддите» о том, что несмотря на то, что он купил делюкс-издание игры, Дарт Вейдер остался заблокирован за 40 часами игры. В ответ на негативную реакцию команда сообщества EA попыталась защитить противоречивые изменения, сказав, что 40-часовое игровое время, необходимое для разблокировки персонажей, или «гринд», должно было дать пользователям чувство «гордости и достижения», и не является стимуляцией игроков покупать персонажей за настоящие деньги. Комментарий получил очень негативную реакцию и стал самым отрицательно оценённым комментарием за всю историю «Реддита». В ответ на возмущение сообщества, EA снизила стоимость персонажей в кредитах на 75 %.

Видя явно выраженное недовольство игровой общественности ещё невышедшей игрой, правообладатель франшизы по «Звёздным войнам» компания Disney также выразила неудовольствие применением технологии лутбоксов. Из-за этого скандала, дорогостоящий проект в преддверии выхода восьмого эпизода Звёздных войн грозил стать репутационным провалом для всей франшизы. Вдобавок к этому, на фоне скандала, вызванного возможной связью игры с азартными играми, правительство Бельгии решило запретить лутбоксы на территории стран Евросоюза За несколько часов до выхода игры EA приняло решение временно отключить систему лутбоксов.

На фоне низких продаж игры акции ЕА в течение ноября 2017 года упали на 8,5 %, акционерная стоимость компании снизилась на 3,1 миллиарда долларов.

Критика

Согласно Metacritic, Star Wars Battlefront II получила в основном сдержанные и смешанные отзывы среди игровой прессы — средний балл для платформы Windows составил 67 %. Разгромными оказались пользовательские оценки — 0,8 из 10, вызванные недовольством пользователей скандалом вокруг монетизации внутриигровых предметов.

Критик GamesRadar, присудив игре оценку 4/5, похвалил её за мультиплеер, но раскритиковал скучную однопользовательскую кампанию. Это же подтверждает обозреватель GameRevolution с оценкой 2,5/5, заявив, что кампания хорошо начинается, но интерес к ней с прогрессом игры неумолимо падает. Также обозреватель не обошёл стороной спорную политику микротранзакций и лутбоксов, используемой игрой.

Игра была номинирована на категории «Лучший шутер», «Лучшая графика» и «Лучшая многопользовательская игра» 2017 года по версии IGN, а также антипремию «Самая разочаровывающая игра» 2017 года по версии Giant Bomb. Battlefront II получила награду «Лучшая многопользовательская игра» от Game Critics Awards на E3 2017.

В ноябре 2017 года Star Wars: Battlefront II заняла второе место по числу продаж в США, уступив первое место своему конкуренту Call of Duty: WWII. В январе 2018 года EA сообщила, что игра не смогла достичь целевых показателей по продажам из-за скандала с лутбоксами. За период октябрь-декабрь 2017 года игра была распродана тиражом в 9 млн экземпляров, что на 1 млн меньше от запланированного числа.

Примечания

Ссылки

 Официальный сайт

Компьютерные игры, разработанные DICE
Компьютерные игры, изданные Electronic Arts
Шутеры от первого лица
Продолжения компьютерных игр
Компьютерные игры, перезапускающие истории сначала
Игры для PlayStation 4
Игры для Xbox One
Игры для Windows
Battlefront
Научно-фантастические компьютерные игры
Шутеры от третьего лица
Компьютерные игры 2017 года
Компьютерные игры, разработанные в Швеции
Компьютерные игры, разработанные в Великобритании
Компьютерные игры, разработанные в Канаде
Игры на движке Frostbite

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Want to join a two team game?
We have some free nations on LT44. Those nations have been taken care for and they are not those crappy ones you may seeafter the orginal owner has been idle for weeks.
LT44 is a two team game and the idlers have been delegated to the rest of the players playing the game. The game is still in the early stage and it's now T28. Tech trading is enabled between team members.
You need a longturn.org account and a native 2.5.x client. Reply here or send me a private message and we can talk about what position you might want to take.


30/03/2018 - SaferAfrica mentioned within the EU Guide "Safer Roads for All"
On 20 February 2018, the European Commission has published the "Safer roads for all: the EU good practices Guide".
The Guide has been realized by the DG Mobility and Transport and it contains a foreword edited by the EU Transport Commissioner Violeta Bulc. The Guide represents an attempt to review all the European activities in the field of Road Safety.
This Guide mentions SaferAfrica as one of the most important EU-funded projects in the field of Road Safety: "The European Commission is ready to work with all countries inside or outside the EU to share knowledge and present our latest policy developments. Road safety related activities launched under the research programme Horizon 2020 have increased information exchange and fostered partnerships with the EU's eastern and southern neighbours. And the EU also reaches out to Africa in the SaferAfrica project, which aims to create a dialogue platform between our continents focused on road safety and traffic management issues".
Thus, SaferAfrica is an excellent example of a successfull project, able to foster the exchange of information about Road Safety beyond the European Union.


The popular holiday attraction draws thousands each year.
In 2015, more than 10,000 cars drove down Thoroughbred and Jennet Streets. And, unfortunately, not everyone ended up on the Nice List after some residents of surrounding neighborhoods complained about traffic, parking issues, trash and noise.
It's not a city-sponsored event, so the city can't stop residents from putting out the lights, unless they become a public nuisance, but they've gotten involved to help manage the popularity of the event.
In 2017, the city of Rancho Cucamonga, which has been paying for police and other services to keep things manageable in the neighborhood since 2013, decided that, during the most popular visiting days and hours, visitors had to stay in their cars, turning the light show into something of a holiday safari.
When you get off the 210 Freeway at Carnelian Street, police will direct you south on Carnelian, west on 19th Street, and north on Sapphire Street before letting you in to see the lights in the Thoroughbred and Jennet neighborhoods.
This year, parts of Thoroughbred and Jennet Streets and Turquoise Avenue will be drive-only from 5 to 11 p.m. Dec. 7-9 and Dec. 14-24. But many residents keep their lights – and sound, and animations – going until the new year.
In 2013, the state's Cottage Food Law went into effect, which allows only certain limited foods to be prepared and sold – with a permit – from home, but Rancho Cucamonga is restricting these sales to before 8 p.m. during the Thoroughbred, Jennet and Turquoise neighborhoods during the holiday season.
If Junior downs a Big Gulp while you're waiting to get in – some people waited 45 minutes to get in by car last year – you might be very uncomfortable. Where once some residents rented portable toilets for visitors, during peak hours, there's no stopping the car if you're not a resident or a guest whom Rancho Cucamonga police are expecting.


Yes, it is that Xanadu, the stage adaptation of the 1980 Olivia Newton-John movie of the same name, complete with the original Electric Light Orchestra (ELO) songs, a whole lot of leg-warmers and, of course, roller skates.
But while we'll have to wait until June 2012 for the headbands and spandex to hit the Granville Island Stage, the Arts Club will present a season of 16 shows on three stages, that can only be described as eclectic.
Along with classics like Cole Porter's High Society and Oscar Wilde's The Importance of Being Earnest , the Arts Club welcomes back two seasonal favourites: The Patron Saint of Stanley Park and White Christmas: The Musical.
Continuing its relationship with the PuSh International Performing Arts Festival, the Arts Club will co-present Do You Want What I Have Got? A Craigslist Cantata from locals Bill Richardson and Veda Hille in what is being described as "your personal ads set to music".
"There is so much in next season's lineup that will grab you," said Artistic Managing Director Bill Millerd.
And with seven Canadian works, three premieres, recent plays from Margaret Atwood and Morris Panych, plus Calendar Girls and the award-winning musical Blood Brothers all on tap for next season, even the toughest theatre fan would find it hard to argue otherwise.
For more information and subscriptions visit the Arts Club online or call the box office at 604.687.1644.


Since the time of modernization, radio has been entertaining us in different ways. There are hardly any nation who does not have radio services. As time passed by radio to have evolved itself into a new form. Now we can access to FM on our mobile, car, setup box etc. Mainly FM is been used by the car travelers as it helps them to get the traffic updates from different FM channels and also it gives many news updates regarding day to day life.
But the main attraction of FM is their songs shows which are played in almost all nation radio channels. Not only that, during any emergency it is FM which helps to send messages in different parts of the nations when means of communication doesn't work. There are millions of users who are using this platform daily to entertain and to keep themselves updated. So today we will be discussing about the best Bluetooth FM transmitter for car (iOS and Android) platforms. These transmitters are best in the class and come loaded with different types of features. Using those transmitter is very easy. So without doing any delay let's start the discussion.
Listed below are the best Bluetooth FM transmitter for a car for both iPhone and Android. These transmitters are easily available in different online shopping sites at an affordable price point.
The earlier version of Nulaxy wireless transmitter was a big hit. And recently they have come back with an updated version which has different types of features like volume control, channel, different mode option, call receive and end option, stop, play button etc. This transmitter can get bought in two variants of colors golden and black. The device can support many options like USB, AUX, Bluetooth and TF card slot. Not only that this device can play your desired songs as it supports MP3 and WMA format.
The most highlight part about this device it you can easily connect it with your Android or iOS device. The device has a smart charging option too which helps the device get fully charged in a less period of time. For better function ability, the device has a 1.44 inch LED screen which displays all the information's like which song you are playing, which mode you are using, who called you etc. The device comes loaded with a very good sound technology which helps in noise cancellation. Even pairing with this device is very fast and easy as compared to other devices. This device is exclusively available at Amazon with a very attractive price.
Yet another great transmitter for a car with a whole lot of features loaded into it. Just like the previous transmitter, this to get all the features like stop/play button, volume control button, followed by dual USB option and a beautiful LED screen which provides with all kinds of information.
The most attractive part about this device is it comes loaded with a mic which helps you to control the device over your voice. This device supports both iOS and Android platform and connecting with those devices are very easy than that of any other normal device. Charging with this device is very easy as it comes with a fast charge option. Buying this device is very easy as it is easily available at Amazon.
This is the most attractive looking transmitter you would have come across, the design of the transmitter is just awesome. The device has five-star rating at Amazon which makes it the most loved device. The device comes with three USB port and two of the ports can be used for charging.
The device has a fast charging option which helps the user to charge the device quickly. It also has a 1.4-inch screen which provides with all the informations. The device has a stop/play button, Mode button, card slot, AUX etc. The device supports both the platform like the IOS and Android and gets connected easily with both. The device is easily available at Amazon.
Though the device is small in size but look very good and comes loaded with all kinds of features. The device has a stop/play button which comes along with a call receiver and end button with 2 USB points. The most attractive part about this device is you can control it over your voice.
Pairing the transmitter with your phone is very easy as it supports both IOS and Android operating system. The display of this Bluetooth transmitter is a bit small as compares to that of the other transmitter devices. The range of this device is more as compared to that of the other transmitters. But unfortunately the device lack in AUX port. The device is exclusively available at Amazon.
This Bluetooth transmitter looks very attractive and advance but the device lacks in many important features. Here in this device, you will get a 1.44 inch display which provides you with all kinds of information like call, songs modes etc.
It also has a play/stop button accompanied by Mode option and a call receive and end option which make our task easy. This Bluetooth transmitter has a noise cancellation option which is a great feature in it. The most attractive part is you can control it over your voice. Just like other device this device is also available on Amazon.
So these were the top Bluetooth FM transmitter available in the market. So if you want to enjoy with a great FM then please take a look on these amazing device as they are packed with all kinds of features which makes your radio experience easier as compared to that of other devices.


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"WE TALK REAL FUNNY DOWN HERE"
Randy Newman's "Birmingham" as Ironic Southern Anthem
I have an aunt who lives in Birmingham, and though I don't think she'd care for Randy Newman's other work—certainly not his recent salvo, "I'm Dreaming of a White President"—she does like "Birmingham," a pleasant tune from his 1974 album Good Old Boys. It's not hard to see its appeal. There is nothing in the song itself to alert the casual listener that it's a critique. The chorus offers some bland hometown pride—"Birmingham, Birmingham / The greatest city in Alabam'." The verses are full of working-class humility: "And I work all day in the factory / That's alright with me." On the face of it, the song seems harmless.
Randy Newman. Photo: Robb Bradley.
"Rednecks," the song that precedes it on the album, is more provocative. "We're rednecks, rednecks / And we don't know our ass from a hole in the ground / We're rednecks, we're rednecks / And we're keeping the niggers down." Newman spares us none of the slur's menace in that resounding last line. Race is the chief concern on Good Old Boys. It lies beneath the mild surface of "Birmingham," and would be there even without the context of the album. There may be nothing overtly political about a factory worker living in Birmingham, Alabama, but it is fair to assume that in the early '70s a song titled "Birmingham" would still carry associations of the bus boycotts and church bombings that had taken place there a decade earlier.
The subtext of race is present on another song about the same state, Lynyrd Skynyrd's "Sweet Home Alabama." The song also appeared in 1974, and seems a companion to "Birmingham," only without the irony. The lyrics are an unsubtle response to Neil Young's critique of the South in his songs "Alabama" and "Southern Man," and pay tribute to the place Young supposedly maligns. The band's argument seems to be that Young's criticism—or any outside criticism—has no meaning for Southerners: "Well I heard Neil Young sing about her / Well, I heard old Neil put her down / Well, I hope Neil Young will remember / A Southern man don't need him around, anyhow."
It's fair to say that Young was singing about race. "Sweet Home Alabama" doesn't ignore racial politics, and the lyrics are not uncritical of the South in that regard. Still, the criticism is couched in a separationist way of thinking. Of Governor George Wallace, who opposed the Civil Rights movement, the band sings, "In Birmingham they love the governor—fool fool fool—now we all did what we could do / No Watergate does not bother me / Does your conscience bother you…?" The argument is simple: Yes, we have problems, but so does the rest of the country—who are you to judge?
"Sweet Home Alabama" has become an anthem not just for the state, but also for the South in general. When I was growing up in Atlanta, the song was played at every party and every high school dance. Last year, the band's rendition at my cousin's wedding reception in Birmingham was one of the bigger moments of the evening. Of course, it's the chorus that counts on these occasions: "Sweet Home Alabama / Where the skies are so blue"; the immediate context from which the song emerged goes unsaid. Still, the message contained in the verses is not insignificant. Here is an expression of Southern pride that relies on Southerners' strong mistrust of outsiders.
It is precisely this attitude of mistrust that Newman captures, both on "Birmingham" in particular and on Good Old Boys in general. The album consists of a series of grotesque portraits of men in the South. Each of these men is monstrous in his own right, and each plays up his flaws in a way that is calculated. Throughout Good Old Boys, the characters' goal in criticizing themselves is both self-defense and self-sufficiency—they render the outside critic unnecessary; they can do his job better than he can himself.
Understanding this strategy reveals the menace in the outwardly tame verses of "Birmingham." The narrator of "Birmingham" describes his simple life, his wife and family, his "three room house / with a pepper tree." This is not modesty; this man is proud of his image of himself as self-reliant. This is clear in the last stanza, when he boasts outright, "Got a big black dog / And his name is Dan / Who lives in my backyard in Birmingham / He is the meanest dog in Alabam' / Get 'em, Dan." His message is clear: Keep out!
Marshall Yarbrough
MARSHALL YARBROUGH has written for the Rail, Cinespect, and the Rumpus. He lives in Brooklyn.


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Home > Women > Sarah Mhlanga
Sarah Mhlanga - 'Meghan Markle' lookalike
Like the Duchess of Sussex, Sarah is an actress and also very keen on staying fit. She teaches a Zumba class for young Mums in Manchester as well as a Performing Arts school for young children aged 5-10. Sarah runs this on a voluntary basis for the charity Redeeming Our Communities, as she is passionate about helping young people improve in their confidence.
Sarah is in great demand as a 'Meghan' lookalike and has appeared on This Morning TV, Loose Women and on TOWIE in a Royal scene as well as photoshoots for Closer and Bella Magazine, Fabulous and many Nationals including The Mirror, The Sun on Sunday and The People. Sarah is one of the favourites with Alison Jackson, the Royal Lookalike photographer for her spoof photoshoots.
As well as press, Sarah has been invited to make public appearances as 'Meghan' at the Chester and Aintree Races and meet and greet promotions for Barnados, The Perfume Shop. The American Channel, Inside Edition took her and a Harry lookalike on a walk about past both Kensington and Buckingham Palace filming reactions from the crowds that gathered.


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Ronald K. "Ron" Brown, 91
Ronald K. "Ron" Brown, 91
BLOOMINGTON — Ronald ("Ron") K. Brown, age 91, died shortly before dawn on May 7, 2021 at home with his wife, Georgean ("Jeanie") by his side. Ron was born to Kenneth R. (1906-1933) and Esther E. Brown (Conard) (1907-1996) in August, 1929 shortly before the Great Depression. He was their only child.
Growing up in Bloomington, Ron attended Elm Heights Elementary School and Bloomington High School (Class of 1947) where he played JV basketball and club baseball. By all accounts, Ron had an enjoyable childhood in Bloomington and was known for engaging in a bit of harmless mischief in his youth. He enlisted in the U.S. Navy in 1948 at age 19, and served aboard the USS Francis M. Robinson, a destroyer escort stationed in Key West, FL during the Korean War, testing new anti-submarine radar technology, until his honorable discharge from military service in July of 1952.
After leaving the Navy, Ron attended Indiana University under the GI Bill, where he earned a B.A. in Business. His first job was with Elgin Watch Company (Elgin, IL) where he met his wife, Jeanie. They married in June, 1957 and spent the next few years in Bloomington, IL during which time Ron worked for State Farm Insurance Company. Upon being offered the opportunity to return to Bloomington, IN, Ron moved back to his hometown with his wife and young children in 1960 and began working with his mother and step-father in the family business, Paul G. Conard Insurance Agency, of which he later became the sole proprietor, running the agency with his wife.
Among Ron's hobbies and interests, his favorite included morel mushroom hunting, coin collecting, backyard bird watching, movies, learning and sharing IU sports and historical trivia and doing cross-word puzzles — so much that he was solving crossword puzzles up to a few weeks before his death. His favorite pastime, however, was watching athletic events. Ron was an avid IU sports fan and held season football tickets for many years. Most of all though, he enjoyed watching his children and grandchildren in their activities and events — which included swimming, volleyball, basketball, baseball, football, soccer, golf, cross-country track, bicycle racing (Little 500), theatre/plays, piano recitals, and dance.
Community and country were important to Ron and he served civically in a number of ways. In addition to being a local small business owner, Ron was a proud member of the Benevolent and Protective Order of the Elks (Lodge #446, Bloomington), the American Legion Post 18 of Bloomington and the local VFW (Veterans of Foreign Wars) Post 604. He was an active member of St. Thomas Lutheran Church, serving as treasurer for several years. Ron staffed local voter election sites over the years and was active in his children's sports and activities by volunteering as a sports coach, team director, statistician and referee/umpire.
Ron is survived by his wife of 63 years, Jeanie, and their three children — Julie (Jeffrey Moulden — Bloomington), Kenneth (Bloomington) and Michael (Columbia, MD). He leaves behind nine grandchildren — David (Minneapolis, MN), Ashton (David Shafer, Chicago, IL), Liz (Garrett Kelly, Durham, NC), Andy (Washington, DC), Erin (Chicago, IL), Jack (Chicago, IL), Tom (Arlington, VA), Anna (Bloomington, IN) and Joe (Columbia, MD) and three great-grandchildren — Jackson, Beckett and Karis. He is also survived by his sister-in-law Karen Cline (Bloomington, IN) and extended family, with special fondness for Lily and Ziggy.
The entire Brown Family extends their profound gratitude to the IU Health Bloomington Hospice nursing and home care staff for the tender ministrations given to Ron during his final year of life in the comfort and privacy of his home. Special thanks to Jim Kirkham, his primary nurse and Lewis Campbell, his personal health aide, who took such good care of Ron. Their respect for his dignity and autonomy was so very much appreciated, not only by the family but also by Ron.
Cremation rites have been accorded. A memorial service commemorating Ron's life will be held at 1:00 p.m. on Sunday, June 6th, 2021 at St. Thomas Lutheran Church for family and close friends, the size being limited due to Covid-19 restrictions; however the service will be streamed through the church website for those who may wish to attend remotely.
The family requests that any memorials in Ron's honor be offered to the IU Health Bloomington Hospice Program, P.O. Box 1149, Bloomington, IN 47402, to St. Thomas Lutheran Church, 3800 E. 3rd Street, Bloomington, IN 47401 or by taking a few quiet moments to remember Ron and his life.
"They were glad to go home, but it was with a touch of sadness, when they passed around the bend in the creek, that they said "Good-by" to their "Castle on Brandywine."
~ The Bears of Blue River" by Charles Major. The Library of Indiana Classics.
Posted online on May 13, 2021


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Q: Unexpected FileTraceListener Behavior with AppDomains and Threads I have the following environment:

*

*Windows 7, 64-bit Ultimate EN with latest SPs

*Visual Studio 2013 with latest SPs

*.NET Framework 3.5 with latest SPs

*my Console application

Goal
Two AppDomains each with its own thread write Trace.WriteLine() messages to two local file Trace listeners
Implementation

*

*My console application has two system.diagnostics trace listerns "ListenerA" and "ListenerB" defined in the App.config file. These listeners log to local text files called A.log and B.log

*My console application creates an AppDomain for each trace listener.

*Each AppDomain creates one thread.

*The thread worker function logs 5 messages using Trace.WriteLine() that look like: "ListenerA, 16:48:49, 6" (AppDomain.FriendlyName, Time, ManagedThreadID)

*The file trace listener inherits the abstract System.Diagnostics.TraceListener class.

Resources:
App.config
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<configuration>
  <startup>
    <supportedRuntime version="v2.0.50727"/>
  </startup>

  <system.diagnostics>
    <trace autoflush="true" indentsize="0">
      <listeners>
        <remove name="Default"/>
        <add name="ListenerA" type="TraceListeners.Listener, TraceListenersConsole" initializeData="A.log"/>
        <add name="ListenerB" type="TraceListeners.Listener, TraceListenersConsole" initializeData="B.log"/>
      </listeners>
    </trace>
  </system.diagnostics>

</configuration>

TraceListener
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.IO;

namespace TraceListeners
{
    public class Listener : TraceListener
    {
        private FileStream theFileStream;

        private string _initializeData;

        public Listener(string initializeData)
        {
            this._initializeData = initializeData;

            this.theFileStream = GetStreamWriter(Path.Combine(@"C:\temp\TraceLog", initializeData));
        }

        public override void Write(string message)
        {
            this.WriteToFile(message);
        }

        public override void Flush()
        {
            this.theFileStream.Flush();
        }

        public override void WriteLine(string message)
        {
            this.Write(message + "\r\n");
        }

        public override bool IsThreadSafe
        {
            get
            {
                return false;
            }
        }

        private void WriteToFile(string message)
        {
            byte[] buffer = System.Text.Encoding.Default.GetBytes(message);
            this.theFileStream.Write(buffer, 0, buffer.Length);
        }

        private FileStream GetStreamWriter(string path)
        {
            return new FileStream(path, FileMode.Append, FileAccess.Write, FileShare.ReadWrite);
        }
    }
}

static void Main
using System;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Threading;

namespace TraceListenersConsole
{
    class Program
    {
        private static AppDomain _domainA;
        private static AppDomain _domainB;

        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            AppDomainSetup domainSetupA = new AppDomainSetup
            {
                ApplicationBase = AppDomain.CurrentDomain.SetupInformation.ApplicationBase,
                ConfigurationFile = AppDomain.CurrentDomain.SetupInformation.ConfigurationFile
            };

            AppDomainSetup domainSetupB = new AppDomainSetup
            {
                ApplicationBase = AppDomain.CurrentDomain.SetupInformation.ApplicationBase,
                ConfigurationFile = AppDomain.CurrentDomain.SetupInformation.ConfigurationFile
            };

            _domainA = AppDomain.CreateDomain("ListenerA", AppDomain.CurrentDomain.Evidence, domainSetupA);
            _domainA.DoCallBack(new CrossAppDomainDelegate(AppDomainCallback));

            _domainB = AppDomain.CreateDomain("ListenerB", AppDomain.CurrentDomain.Evidence, domainSetupB);
            _domainB.DoCallBack(new CrossAppDomainDelegate(AppDomainCallback));

            //AppDomainCallback();
            //AppDomainCallback();

            Console.ReadKey();
        }

        static private void AppDomainCallback()
        {
            ThreadPool.QueueUserWorkItem(ThreadWorker);
        }

        static private void ThreadWorker(object obj)
        {
            for (int i = 0; i < 5; ++i)
            {
                int threadID = Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId;

                Trace.WriteLine(String.Format("{0}, {1}, {2}", AppDomain.CurrentDomain.FriendlyName, DateTime.Now.ToLongTimeString(), threadID));
                Trace.Flush();
                Console.WriteLine(threadID);

                Thread.Sleep(1000);
            }
        }
    }
}

Expected behavior:
The log files A.log and B.log each should contain ten log entries like below:
ListenerA, 16:48:49, 6
ListenerA, 16:48:50, 6
ListenerA, 16:48:51, 6
ListenerA, 16:48:52, 6
ListenerA, 16:48:53, 6
ListenerB, 16:48:49, 7
ListenerB, 16:48:50, 7
ListenerB, 16:48:51, 7
ListenerB, 16:48:52, 7
ListenerB, 16:48:53, 7

Actual behavior:
A.log contains:
ListenerB, 17:06:40, 12
ListenerB, 17:06:41, 12
ListenerA, 17:06:42, 11
ListenerB, 17:06:43, 12
ListenerB, 17:06:44, 12

B.log contains:
ListenerB, 17:06:40, 12
ListenerB, 17:06:41, 12
ListenerA, 17:06:42, 11
ListenerB, 17:06:43, 12
ListenerB, 17:06:44, 12

Notes:

*

*If I omit the AppDomain creation and call the AppDomainCallback
function directly then everything works as expected.

*I am analysing a production problem where the AppDomain, thread and TraceLitener are used in this way.
Why do the log files contain only 5 entries? why not as expected 10 entries?


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text:
Home13 Reasons Why: New Study Confirms Teen Suicide Spike After The Show...
13 Reasons Why: New Study Confirms Teen Suicide Spike After The Show Release
By Shubhashish Saha
When the popular Netflix series "13 Reasons Why" premiered in 2017, experts believed that it might increase the suicide rate. The show's graphic depiction of suicide was the main reason for concern as it might make some vulnerable viewers inclined to suicidal thinking.
A new study suggests that the experts were correct. Reports say that 195 additional suicides occurred in the nine months after Netflix released the first season of 13 Reasons Why. Moreover, Researchers found that there was an increase in suicide rates among U.S. boys age 10-17 in April 2017.
The study was published in the Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry on this Monday. It also mentioned that April 2017 had the highest number of suicides when compared to any April of the past nine years.
The story revolves around the teen Hannah Baker, who committed suicide and left 13 cassette tapes explaining her decision. It premiered on Netflix in April 2017. The show was praised for its realistic portrayal of sensitive topics like suicide and sexual harassment. At the time of its release, it was one of the most watched shows on Netflix. Despite, it was discredited for the slight glorification of suicide.
Although, the new study does not reveal the exact relationship between watching the show and increased the suicide rate. But, it does conclude that the show is somehow connected with the increase in teen suicide.
The Nation Association of School Psychologists cautions children and adolescents by issuing a warning statement:
"We do not recommend that vulnerable youth watch this series."
Netflix in defence released a statement on Tuesday saying, "We have worked hard to ensure that we handle this sensitive issue responsibly." They are looking into the matter.
"13 Reasons Why" is currently streaming on Netflix. It has two seasons with 13 episodes each. The third season is expected to release on Netflix later this year.
Shubhashish Saha
Shubhashish Saha is an undergraduate student, currently studying civil engineering from National Institute of Technology, Rourkela. Apart from being a freelance writer, Shubhashish loves watching movies. He also likes playing football and is a huge FC Barcelona fan. Follow him on LinkedIn and Facebook.


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text:
The Bob Willis Trophy gets off…
James Chance/Getty Images Sport
The Bob Willis Trophy gets off to a flying start with some amazing games
Dan Clubbe
@dan_clubbe
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After a four-month delay for cricket this summer, the newly formed Bob Willis Trophy has arrived with a bang.
In place of regular County Championship action, four-day cricket got back underway this week with counties, split into respective South, Central, and North groups playing behind closed doors matches.
Here's how things went.
Central Group
In nine games, there was only one drawn match, between Warwickshire and Northamptonshire in the central group with final day centuries from Northants batsmen Luke Proctor and Adam Rossington the pick of the performances.
Worcestershire are the early Central Group leaders after picking up 22 points from their win over Gloucestershire at Bristol. Brett D'Oliveira's first innings 91 proving the pivotal knock, backed up by wickets from Joe Leach and Charlie Morris.
Somerset somewhat steamrolled Glamorgan in their 289 run victory. The Overton brothers did the bulk of the damage as they took 14 of the 20 Glamorgan wickets to fall in the match with Jamie taking 5-48 in the Glamorgan second innings for match figures of 7-64. Glamorgan captain Chris Cooke was one of the very few positives for the Welsh county with his 82.
South Group
Sussex wrapped up their first match with a day to spare as they beat Hampshire by 94 runs. England hopeful Ollie Robinson was the star of the show as his pace wreaked havoc amongst the Hampshire batting lineup, the Sussex bowler finishing with eight wickets in the match.
Middlesex are top of the South Group on 22 points after the first round of fixtures, despite leaving it late to beat Surrey by 190 runs at The Oval. The hosts' Surrey looked to be holding on for a draw at 119-5, however, they lost their last five wickets for just four runs in the space of 44 balls, with nobody in their bottom five reaching double figures. A sublime first innings 192 from Middlesex's Nick Gubbins set his side up for the win.
Essex sit second on 21 points, winning their nail-biting affair with Kent by two wickets. Kent batsman Heino Kuhn made 140 in the first innings, however, it was Sir Alastair Cook's 66 on the final day which helped see his side over the line.
North Group
Leicestershire scored at almost 10 an over for the final two hours of their match with Lancashire to get home with just eight balls left in the day. Experienced batsman Steven Croft's unbeaten 52 held up the Foxes earlier in the day, but Lancs were dismissed for 236, leaving Leicestershire a T20-style victory target of 150 in 17 overs. It was Foxes' captain Colin Ackermann who fired his side to victory with a showstopping 73 off just 41 balls. Ackermann's 94 in the Leicester first innings was also a big part of the win.
Derbyshire moved just a point behind Leicestershire in second after recording their biggest ever run chase to beat Nottinghamshire. 24-year-old Fynn Hudson-Prentice finished the day on 91 not out, as Derby ended the day on 365-7 to win by three wickets after captain Billy Godleman's earlier 86. Derby won the game in the lastest possible fashion with the winning runs coming from the final ball of the game.
Yorkshire survived an early rain delay to complete their final day 19-point victory over Durham, winning by six wickets. Needing just 68 to win, it took only 10.4 overs to reach the total for the loss of only Dawid Malan. Harry Brook's 66 not out, including four sixes, saw the White Rose county home.
The next round of fixtures begins on Saturday with Essex vs Surrey at Chelmsford perhaps the pick of the matches.
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The Heathrow Academy (the building used to be the Heathrow Visitor Centre) opened in January 2007 (after refurbishment from its previous use as the visitor centre). It houses conference and training facilities.
Its entrance is on the Northern Perimeter road which runs parallel with the airport runway area. A few minutes drive from the terminals and adjacent to the Renaissance Heathrow Hotel. Accessible using the free bus service around the airport. The parking area itself has been popular with airplane spotters as it offered good views of the runway and central areas.
A section of the building was used as the 'Heathrow Airport exhibition centre' but this closed on 1st March 2010.
The Visitor centre was located outside of the main terminal areas but closed in Autumn 2006.
The centre opened in May 1995 and provided something a bit different for all the family with time on their hands at the airport. An interactive exhibition of the history of Heathrow Airport in photographs and words, with displays, computer displays, artefacts and models. On the first floor was a cafe along with an area that has views of the airport grounds.
When it existed pre 2007 on the first floor was a scale model of the airport alongside a model of the new terminal 5. The first part of the floor at the top of the stairs had exhibits detailing the steps taken by the airport towards combating noise. The ground floor included seats taken from actual aircraft and an interactive exhibit that included a flight deck simulation inside an actual aircraft nose cone. The individual display cabinets included exhibits detailing, 'The Dawn of Commercial Airlines', 'A History of BAA and Heathrow Airport Ltd' and 'Heathrow, How It All Began'. A further section was dedicated to 'HM Customs and Excise' and also included items that been confiscated from passengers trying to take them on flights illegally. The ground floor included a stand giving information on runway lighting and had examples of lights used past and present.
Who made the first direct flight across the Atlantic on 14th-15th June 1919.
the main central area before its location outside the visitor centre.


text:
Time Inc. Shipping Techies — and Their Dogs — to Sunset Park's Industry City
Jun 25, 2015 • 11:32am
by Jeff Scherer
Time Inc. is moving to Brooklyn! Well, some of them are. And their dogs.
According to an internal memo that Keith Kelly of The New York Post got his hands on, Time Inc. CEO Joe Ripp plans to send the company's technology, production and engineering (TP&E) department to spacious new offices in Industry City, the so-called "SoHo of Sunset Park." Also heading there will be a new "editorial innovation" team under former Entertainment Weekly Editor-in-Chief Matt Bean.
The rest of the company — which publishes over 90 magazines including Sports Illustrated, Fortune, Entertainment Weekly, and InStyle — will be headed to Time Inc.'s new headquarters at 225 Liberty Street in downtown Manhattan.
The memo includes pictures of the unfinished Industry City space, with 55,000 square feet spread over two floors, along with designs of an open office structure including indoor slides and pinball machines.
The memo also announced that dogs would be welcome in the office, not a common sight in most major media offices. (Time was very careful, however, to designate "dog-free" zones for those who have allergies.) Catered lunches will give employees more choices than they will be able to find at the Industry City food court.
Rendering of Industry City's future, via its website
It's tempting to speculate that this is the beginning of a trend. Maybe Time is recognizing that Brooklyn is, as Marty Markowitz recently said, the literary capital of the world. Maybe Time Inc. is looking for a little bit of that VICE Media Williamsburg hipster cachet.
Or, more likely, they ran out of space.
Time Inc. is a pretty conservative company, slow to make changes. When you hear them talking about pinball machines and dogs, it's most likely not because of some deep desire to change the office culture, but because they don't want the people who don't fit at HQ to feel as if they'd been banished to the kids' table. Instead, they get their own clubhouse. With their own slide!
It actually might be pretty nice for the techies and the new media creatives to have their own sanctuary away from the suits (who would probably never have visited their floor even if they were in the same building).
And Sunset Park and Industry City, while somewhat inconvenient even for many Brooklynites, is not Siberia. If Industry City gets that ferry it's been wanting, downtown Manhattan will be only a boat ride away.
The dogs, however, will have to stay in Brooklyn.


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Telefonica achieved organic year-on-year growth in revenues of aproximately 3% in the second quarter of 2010 to 15.12 billion euros, as the Madrid-based group's mobile base rose almost 10% in the year to the end of June to 211 million connections. Mobile broadband connections were up almost 85% year-on-year to 17 million.
Telefonica said its Spanish business saw a 3.4% decrease in revenues, in comparable terms, in the first half of the year, while its Latin American business registered organic growth of 6.2% and Telefónica Europe's year-on-year revenue growth was 6.5% in organic terms and excluding regulatory effects, with "healthy growth in the UK and German markets."


1. We had another successful show at Tockington Village Hall in April with a good range of models for us and the public to enjoy. Sam Medworth had a Midland Single Loco and some Meccanographs. Hugh Barr came with his Boring Machine, a Drop Stump Forging Machine, a Meccano Ball Roller and a Block Setter. Pete Evans showed us his Burrell Crane Engine along with various steam engines and some desirable collectables such as Car and Aeroplane constructor sets. Neil Bedford had his Aveling & Porter Road Roller and Living Van together with a Simple Foliet & Verge Clock and a Radio Controlled Truck. Ralph Clark's contribution was a Avonside GWR 0-4-0 tank locomotive. Richard Smith had a Bugatti Car, a Block Setter and a Dump Truck. However, his most significant model was his City of London locomotive which, not surprisingly, walked off with the Ben Johnson Cup for best model on show, voted for by the public and club members. We welcomed back some members whom we had not seen for a while. Paul Montacute brought his Fairground Ride. Janet Royston exhibited her MM Model of the Month Tower Crane from 1957 along with modern models of a Sopwith Camel and Hawk Trainer. Michael Edwards entertained us with his Dennis Dart Bus. Good to see you all again! I contributed a 1939 No.9 Dutch Windmill, No.10 Combine Harvester and a display of French Meccano Outfits.. There were just three contributions to the "models to run on O gauge track" challenge, a Pannier Tank Loco, a Truck and the intriguing "Essence of Marriage"! This year's Scrapheap Challenge was won by Steve Briancourt with his beautifully engineered, second-perfect entry.
Many thanks to everyone, and especially the Smith family, for making the show so successful.
2. Our next meeting will be at my place, 11 Willow Close, Long Ashton, on Thursday, July 11th at 8pm (see map below).3. I have again accepted an invited on the club's behalf to contribute to the Bristol Engineering and Hobbies Exhibition in Thornbury on August 16th, 17th and 18th. I will be attending throughout the show. I would appreciate an indication of who else can contribute, either by supplying models or manning the display or both. Do please contact me as soon as possible if you can help.


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text:
BADass SINema Unearthed - Blu-ray Review
Billy the Kid vs. Dracula (1966) - Blu-ray Review
on Wednesday, 21 August 2019 15:00
by Loron Hays
Grab the wolfsbane! Get the garlic!
Cult filmmaker William Beaudine takes aim and squeezes the B-movie trigger again! From The Ape Man to Voodoo Man, the director constantly drums up a lot of B-movie mayhem. Here, he takes on the mythos of the Old West and adds a bit of Transylvania to the genre mix. The results are, as you can imagine, as hilarious and as cringeworthy as they sound. Billy the Kid vs. Dracula is as outrageous and as goofy as it sounds.
"The results are, as you can imagine, as hilarious and as cringeworthy as they sound"
The fastest gun in the west has just met his match because when James Underhill (John Carradine) flies into town, well, out flies all the law and order. It is up to Billy the Kid (Chuck Courtney) to save the town, the Native Americans, and his fiancée from the curse of this bow-tied Dracula. With really bad acting and some seriously strong stage lighting leading the way, this B-movie might just become (if it isn't already) one of your favorites.
The opening scene in Billy the Kid vs. Dracula explains it all. There is a wagon and there are settlers laying on the ground. It is night on the plains. Suddenly, a vampire bat is circling above the wagon. You might want to think it is a vulture, but not here. Not in Billy the Kid vs. Dracula. {googleads}
Wickedly intriguing, the opening few moments here are equally hilarious and strange. The film comes across as a television production, especially when you see the western costumes, but BOOM when Dracula makes his appearance, all bets are off. Especially in a Dracula movie because, on the plains of the Old West, there is indeed a vampire on the loose and, as the bat swoops behind the wagon, out steps our Dracula in this movie, complete with a top hat. And, soon enough, he is stooping over a beautiful woman on the ground. Except a cross falls from out of her clutched hand and he recoils in terror.
Only the immigrants seem to know what is happening here. They have all the stories and while everyone tries to dismiss their superstitions as just talk, the townspeople know something is amiss. There are stagecoaches attacked; women killed; and strange bite marks are at their throats. Something is going wrong in this one horse town.
Yeehaw! Get yer Betty away from Dracula! Call up Billy the Kid! And hurray, hurry! Billy the Kid vs. Dracula is now available on blu-ray thanks to Kino Lorber Studio Classics.
Blu-ray Details:
English SDH, French, Spanish (less)
English SDH, French, Spanish, Portuguese, German SDH (less)
English, English SDH (less)
English SDH, Spanish (less)
Home Video Distributor: Kino Lorber
Available on Blu-ray - August 20, 2019
Screen Formats: 1.66:1
Subtitles: English SDH
Audio: English: DTS HD MA Mono
Discs: Blu-ray Disc; single disc
Region Encoding: Locked to Region A
Kino Lorber Studio Classics presents Billy the Kid vs. Dracula on blu-ray with a splendid transfer. Bright and colorful, the 1080p transfer here is crisp and crackling with fine details. Presented with an aspect ratio of 1.66.1, it is the punched-up color you will notice first. The reds are delicious and the greens are fertile. The blues go deep, too. The old west vibe is strong with this one and the town surrounding the landscape is bright and speckled with good detail. The transfer has the film loaded with details and fresh-looking life. The sound is presented in a choice between DTS HD MA Mono track.
Supplements:
There is one audio commentary by Film Historians Lee Gambin and John Harrison that genre fans are going to want to check out.
Only trailers fill in the blank space here.
Blu-ray Rating:
Overall Blu-ray Experience
MPAA Rating: Unrated.
Director: William Beaudine
Writer: Carl K. Hittleman
Cast: John Carradine, Chuck Courtney, Melinda Casey
Tagline: The Newest in Terror-tainment! SHOCKORAMA.
Memorable Movie Quote: "My Lisa is dead. The marks of a vampire are on her throat."
Theatrical Distributor: Embassy Pictures
DVD/Blu-ray Release Date: August 20, 2019
Synopsis: Traveling by stagecoach, Dracula (the great John Carradine) plots to convert Billy the Kid's (famed stuntman Chuck Courtney) fiancée, Betty Bentley (Melinda Casey), into his vampire bride. When the sinister bloodsucker kidnaps Betty and takes her to an abandoned silver mine, Billy must confront the Count, but soon realizes his six-shooters' bullets are no match for the undead—and an all-out battle of good vs. evil ensues.
Shock Waves (1977) - Blu-ray Review
The Howling: The Collector's Edition (1981) - Blu-ray Review
Invisible Ghost (1941) - Blu-ray Review
The Park is Mine (1985) - Blu-ray Review
Voodoo Man (1944) - Blu-ray Review
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text:
Review: Pedro Almodóvar's Vibrant Pain and Glory Makes the Heart Pump Harder
Pedro Almodovar, Penelope Cruz and Antonio Banderas during the 72nd annual Cannes Film Festival on May 18, 2019.
Samir Hussein—WireImage
Updated: October 4, 2019 12:43 PM ET | Originally published: May 20, 2019
Pedro Almodóvar's world is and always has been a world of color. He'll ask his actors to perform the most delicately complex scenes in front of wildly patterned wallpaper. The furnishings in his characters' apartments—hanging lamps in tangerine and turquoise, vases of flowers in tones beamed via radio signal from some far-off planet, couches that look as if they'd been upholstered using the pictures from a tiki-bar menu as inspiration—inspire awe in amateur interior decorators everywhere. He can orchestrate the outdoors, too, by making judicious use of a mosaic wall, a brightly painted door, trees that have been saving up all their chlorophyll just for him.
I've always loved the colors in Almodóvar's movies. But it's only after seeing his latest, the achingly beautiful Pain and Glory, that I think I finally understand the way he uses them. Antonio Banderas plays Salvador Mallo, a famous and successful filmmaker in his 60s living in Madrid (and clearly a fictional stand-in for Almodóvar himself). Salvador suffers from a list of aches, pains and ailments as long as those reams of tiny print on the folded-up paper that comes with an aspirin bottle: Digestive issues, migraines, anxiety and, worst of all, debilitating back pain. He has plenty of money, but he hasn't made a film in ages and may never make one again. He runs into an aging actress he's worked with in the past, who asks him what he'll do if he stops making movies. "Live, I guess," is his response, but if the words sound positive enough as they slip through his mouth, his eyes tell the real story: They're weary, like a crumpled tissue—the light inside them has dimmed.
The Assistant Is a Movie for the #MeToo Era–But It Also Captures the Insults of Workplace Exploitation
Salvador goes about his business, if not in the moneymaking sense: When he learns a repertory cinema is about to screen a restored version of one of his early films, he goes around to see its lead actor, Alberto (Asier Etxeandia)—the two had a falling out after completing the film and haven't been in touch in some 30 years. Alberto welcomes him warily; the two talk in circles around each other. Then Alberto, a longtime heroin addict careful about monitoring his dosage, tells Salvador he's about to "chase the dragon." Salvador asks to join him—though he's led a life anyone would consider wild, he's trying heroin for the first time—and Alberto obliges.
Salvador is taking so many painkillers that, presumably, the heroin provides a new kind of relief. But his reconnection with Alberto also leads to a reunion of another kind: Federico (Leonardo Sbaraglia), a man he loved deeply, back when the two were practically kids, re-emerges as if from the ether. Salvador, in the midst of all his physical suffering, is also mounting a steep hill of emotional readjustment: In addition to reconnecting with these people from his past, he's also recollecting bits of his precocious childhood in a small Spanish village, focusing particularly on memories of his mother (Penelope Cruz, radiant and looking barely any older than she did in Almodóvar's 1999 All About My Mother) and a teenage construction worker (César Vicente), who used to come round the family's house—and who ignites the first spark of erotic desire in young Salvador (played by Asier Flores, an actor with the eyes and the gentle but sprightly demeanor of a fawn).
Not all of Pain and Glory is strictly autobiographical. But Banderas' performance—although he's nearly always terrific, this is quite possibly his finest—is so fine-grained in its attentiveness to every nuance of physical and psychic suffering that you can't help thinking Almodóvar is speaking through him. Some of us grew up with Almodóvar: In the 1980s, movies like Women on the Verge of a Nervous Breakdown and Matador were like nothing we'd ever seen—nutso, glorious, melodramatic visions that were funny and way, way out-there, but that also rang with generosity. Almodóvar has always been a deeply sensitive filmmaker, attuned to women's experience, certainly, but also to drag queens and all manner of people who might have reason to feel like misfits. He was reckoning with trans identity long before mainstream conversation began to address it. Almodóvar made a place for everyone.
So to see Almodóvar-as-Salvador suffering in this way, and unable to do the very work that he's lived for, is acutely painful. We are, all of us, getting older, and with that comes reckoning. Pain and Glory is much more restrained than the films Almodóvar made in his glory days. But it's hardly joyless. In the movie's most beautiful scenes, Salvador spends time with his aged mother (played by Julieta Serrano), teasing her gently even after she's spoken to him somewhat critically. He adores her and, in her final days, wants to do everything for her. She sits in a chair in the bedroom he's prepared for her in his Madrid house. She's frail but still peppery, and there she is, on her cushioned throne, which is covered in bright-purple African wax print. She's going through a box of keepsakes, and comes across an old-fashioned wooden darning egg. Salvador's face lights up—from his childhood, he remembers her using it—and when she hands it to him, his hand curls around it like the treasure it is.
There's color all around them in the room, and in their life together. Almodóvar's colors—as brought to life here by his production designer Antxón Gómez and art director Maria Clara Notari, and as captured by his frequent cinematographer José Luis Alcaine—aren't just a stimulant but an energy source, like sugar: They get the eyes busy and keep them working, in turn heating up the brain's furnace. And before long, the heart starts pumping harder as well. Everything about Pain and Glory is awake and alive, and Almodóvar's nerve endings become ours, too.
Correction, Oct. 4
The original version of this story misstated Maria Clara Notari's role in the production of Pain and Glory. Notari was the art director, not the production designer. Antxón Gómez was the production designer.


How do you merge a database so i can add my users from my other forum?
I'm sorry I don't get it, can you install it to my ftp?
It's simple, upload the merge folder to your root of your forum and then go to site.com/merge.
You can find out the correct host by contacting your hosting or check your config.php file for the correct host.
Did you check the config.php file and I just remembered this, did you try your sites IP?
I found out your host.
It's "gator1235.hostgator.com" without the quotations.
I don't know if it is safe or not to post the host so if you need it removed just let me know.


Brilliant even , well signed and well marshalled .
All SportiveHQ events are run with Military precision however you are welcomed with a friendly smile. The signage is always on point and clear and after every turn there is always another sign confirming you've got it right. All the files for Garmins and other computers are send out as well. It really is a well drilled events team. All this at an affordable price as well. Other event organisers should take note.
Really good course - a couple of towns it would have been better to avoid with traffic but I guess very difficult to completely avoid on a route this long. Very helpful friendly staff. Excellent signage and support. Will absolutely do this again.
Fantastic all round. This just gets bigger and better every year. Superbly organised, great support and friendly. Hats off to Matt and the team for a professional, safe and enjoyable event!
Very good Sportive, really enjoyed the ride. Signage was excellent.
A fabulous, fairly priced sportive. Really well organised with friendly volunteers. This was my first SportiveHQ event but it was not be my last. The days of me paying £40 for a ride with substandard facilities and poor feed stations are over. Well done Matt and the rest of the SportiveHQ team, keep up the great work.
At 52 years old this was first ever Sportive, and longest distance at 100 miles. The event was brilliant, very well organised & every one of the crew had a happy smiling face. Will definitely do more of these.
Now completed three times, without a doubt the best sportive I've done, well organised and friendly. The route is extremely well thought out, food stops are excellent but, the main thing, the cost, absolute bargain!
Excellent sportive and great atmosphere (even in the rain).
My only issue would be with regards to the timing of the feed station at 40 miles. We nearly missed it as we were trying to get to the cut off by the deadline. We had to stop but weren't sure if we would be allowed to do the full distance if we were a little late. Ideally I would suggest the feed stop is the natural cut off point despite the routes running together for another 8 miles.


You can't keep the Lord closed up, locked up, buried, or hidden. Jesus goes where he wants, when he wants, to whom he wants. His presence proclaims and reminds us of God's undying love for each of us. Be prepared to be surprised: the Lord walks among us.
This entry was posted in John and tagged art, Catholic, Christ, Christian, Easter, Gospel of John, Jesus, Lectio Divina, Mary Magdalene, meditation, scripture on April 21, 2019 by Mary Ann.
I sometimes feel caught — by circumstances, others' demands, chronic pain, or mental, emotional, physical, or spiritual distress. The sense of being trapped and in the control of unknown, antagonistic forces terrifies me.
In tiny moments of sanity, I remember to come before the Lord to ask for help and guidance. Gradually — and sometimes quickly — God's mercy reveals the way to freedom.
This entry was posted in John and tagged art, Catholic, Christ, Christian, Gospel of John, Jesus, Lectio Divina, meditation, mercy, scripture on April 7, 2019 by Mary Ann.


One of the first steps any photo organizer will tell you to take when you want to organize your pictures is to gather your photos all together in one place. Even I have said that a time or two. This step, however, may be still very overwhelming for you. To help get you started on this quest to find all of your printed pictures and your digital photos, I've brainstormed a couple of lists to help you get started.
Organizing basics are simple, easy to follow ideas that give you a good foundation for decluttering and simplifying your daily life. We've talked about 9 of them before. Here are 12 more for you.
What are pictures? Sure, they are images printed on paper or bits and bytes on your computer, but when all is said and done they are the stories of your life. They capture all the moments of your life - the first moments of your daughter's life, your grandmother's college friends, the pride on your husband's face as he accepts a well-deserved award, what you had for lunch.
Becoming more organized doesn't have to be complicated especially when you know some organizing basics. These are simple, easy to follow ideas that give you a good foundation for decluttering and simplifying your daily life.
Even the most organized person can fall victim to a variety of organizing pitfalls. These are often mindsets that keep us from reaching our goals and making our lives a little easier. Here are three organizing pitfalls that I see a lot.
Browsing through home decorating and organizing magazine pictures or scrolling around Pinterest can give you inspiration or it can give you an inferiority complex. I mean, really, how many people really keep their closet so perfectly color coded or their pantry stocked with all matching containers? I'm sure there are some people who live this way but for most of us, we are lucky if our clothes get hung up and the groceries disappear behind the pantry door.


Markers of inflammation or markers of obesity?
The low-grade inflammation seen with aging is noted particularly in subjects with the metabolic syndrome of aging. Insulin resistance, obesity/abdominal obesity, and risks for many age-related diseases characterize this common syndrome. It is becoming clear that this increased adipose tissue is not simply a reservoir for excess nutrients, but rather an active and dynamic organ capable of expressing several cytokines and other fat-derived peptides (FDP). Some, but not all, FDP may have a role in development of the metabolic syndrome but there is no evidence that these FDP are causing inflammation directly. We suggest that high levels of inflammatory peptides are markers for obesity/abdominal obesity seen with aging, but some may not necessarily have a causative role in the development of inflammation.
Because bone marrow and adipocytes are derived from the same stem cells, it is not surprising to find so many inflammatory peptides expressed in fat tissue. Many of these are classical inflammatory peptides derived from components of the adipose tissue and all are known also as fat derived peptides (FDP). With aging, there is a linear accumulation of adipose cells and percent of body fat increases. This increased body fat is characterized by increased visceral adiposity  and occurs despite the decreased subcutaneous fat and progressive sarcopenia typical of aging . Visceral adiposity has been associated with greater risks for age-related diseases . In addition, fat infiltration typical of aging occurs in many organs including liver and bone marrow. As adipose tissue accumulates throughout the body and in other organs, it is possible that this hyperplastic adipose tissue over expresses FDP.
The metabolic syndrome is a common disorder consisting of a cluster of abnormalities including insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and hypercoagulability and is associated with increased risk for cancer, Alzheimer's disease, type-II diabetes and atherosclerosis . It is also associated with increased fat mass and increased inflammatory peptides. The obesity epidemic of the rapidly growing aging population makes understanding underlying relationship between adiposity, chronic inflammation and the metabolic syndrome essential.
Increased inflammatory peptides are being studied as possible modifiable markers of the increased risk predictors of disease and possibly the underlying link between obesity and the poor clinical outcomes seen with the metabolic syndrome. More specifically, C-reactive protein (CRP) is the most well established inflammatory cytokine in the clinical setting but there are other inflammatory cytokines including IL-6, leptin, TNF-α, and other (non-cytokine) FDP, such as PAI-1, adiponectin and resistin, which may play a role in the pathogenesis, and/or serve as markers of risk in the metabolic syndrome. The fact that many of these peptides are derived from adipose tissue leads us to the question of whether adipose tissue itself is the underlying pathophysiological link between obesity and the poor clinical outcomes associated with the metabolic syndrome. We will provide a brief overview of some of the peptides associated with the metabolic syndrome.
TNFα, leptin, and IL-6 are examples for cytokines that may have a role in the metabolic syndrome. TNFα, previously known as lymphotoxin and cachetin, is believed to be involved in the wasting that occurs during acute and chronic illness and malignancy. In the basal state TNFα is directly proportional to fat mass and has been shown to be involved in the development of insulin resistance . In-vitro studies have demonstrated that TNFα decreases the insulin receptor tyrosine phosphorylation, and down regulates several steps in the insulin signaling pathway [6–9] while neutralizing agents for TNFα have been shown to improve insulin resistance.  Thus, TNFα is not only a classical cytokine but may be causal in the insulin resistance of the metabolic syndrome of aging.
Leptin is a peptide derived from adipose tissue and like other cytokines acts through a cytokine receptor. It is expressed and secreted in direct proportion to fat mass. Leptin exerts is effect predominantly through receptors in the hypothalamus but it may also have peripheral actions . Leptin serves as a marker of energy sufficiency by rapidly decreasing during starvation and weight loss.  With obesity, leptin levels are increased in proportion to fat mass, but its activity to decrease appetite seems reduced. Leptin appears to have an important role in energy regulation but no apparent role in development of inflammation.
IL-6 is another cytokine derived from adipose tissue. Its expression and circulating levels correlate directly with obesity, and weight loss will lower circulating levels. Elevation of circulating IL6 is a predictor of the development of cardiovascular disease and diabetes . Infusion of IL6 results in hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia and insulin resistance in experimental models.  Additionally, IL6 decreases the expression adiponectin, an 'anti-diabetic' cytokine. IL-6 plays a role in the development of insulin resistance and may directly cause induction of CRP.
Other inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1, IL-8, IL18, Serum Amyloid A, have been shown to be increased with obesity and may have a yet undetermined role in the syndrome. These cytokines are other examples of inflammatory markers which do not have a clear role in the causation of systemic inflammation.
Adiponectin is highly expressed in adipose tissue, and is the one non-cytokine FDP that is protective from inflammation. Unlike most FDP, circulating levels are inversely proportional to obesity and therefore tend to be low in obesity. Adiponectin levels increase with weight loss and with use of insulin sensitizing drugs.  Adiponectin administration has been shown to improve insulin sensitivity.  Low levels of adiponectin have been linked to inflammatory arthrosclerosis in humans. Animal models have shown that low adiponectin levels increase smooth muscle proliferation in response to injury, increase free fatty acids levels and cause insulin resistance. The pro-diabetic and pro-atherogenic effects of low adiponectin levels seen in the metabolic syndrome provide a link between inflammation and obesity.
Plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1) is the primary inhibitor of fibrinolysis and is highly expressed in adipose tissue. Levels of PAI-1 are elevated in acute conditions such as deep venous thrombosis, and chronic conditions such as obesity, the metabolic syndrome of aging and diabetes. PAI-1 levels are correlated with adiposity and significantly overexpressed in the adipose tissue of obese compared to lean animals.  Levels are decreased by weight loss and drugs that improve insulin sensitivity . The relationship of PAI-1 to obesity provides a potential link between the metabolic syndrome and hypercoagulabilty.
Angiotesinogen (AGT) is a peptide that is produced in the liver and in adipose tissue. The strong correlation between obesity and hypertension implies that adipose tissue may play a role in blood pressure regulation and in fact there is a correlation between circulating AGT levels and obesity/hypertension . Animal studies have shown that overexpression of AGT results in hypertension while under expression of AGT results in decreased blood pressures .
Resistin is a peptide which is elevated in obesity and appears to play a role in glucose homeostasis in rodents. In experimental models, resistin induces hepatic insulin resistance while anti-resistin antibodies have the opposite effect . In humans, the role of resistin is less clear and it is not known what role it has glucose homeostasis or whether it directly relates to adipose tissue mass. The role of resistin in pathogenesis of inflammation is also unclear.
Low grade inflammation is a predominant feature in the metabolic syndrome of aging and seems to be linked to the development of diabetes and poor vascular outcomes. We have briefly named several cytokines and other FDP that are generally increased with fat mass. Although many of these FDP have a role in metabolic homeostasis, many seem to lack distinct role in inflammatory pathogenesis. While many FDP have roles in vivo metabolism, we suggest that some levels of cytokines are increased because of the hyperplastic characteristic of adipose tissue, and their levels are better serve as marker of adipose tissue hypertrophy, rather than having a causal role in aging. Thus, whether aging is inflammatory state or whether it is a state associated with increased inflammatory marker is subject for further studies.


Located in the thriving market town of Louth, this fantastic Grade II listed building dates back to 1818. It is the perfect place to stay and relax or enjoy a special meal. The property has a restaurant serving tasty dinners through the week and an award-winning relaxed tasting experience Thursday-Saturday.
We strive to provide guests with the warmest of welcomes, attentive service and an excellent food and drink experience, inspired by seasonal Lincolnshire produce.
Staffed by an enthusiastic, friendly team and offering 9 individually styled bedrooms, historically interactive spaces and unique private dining areas, it is the perfect place to stay. Relax or join us at one of our live music or comedy nights and talk to us about our bespoke wedding service for your special day.
Only a minutes walk from town, a 9-minute walk from Louth Museum, this elegant 19th Century Hotel is also a mile from Louth Golf Club and 6 miles from the Lincolnshire Wolds Railway Museum.
The Priory Hotel, 149 Eastgate, Louth, Lincolnshire, LN11 9AJ.