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Redemption: Vader, Peter…you? John 21:1-19 and Acts 9:1-20
April 10, 2016 caitlin121608
Pastor Caitlin Trussell with Augustana Lutheran Church on April 10, 2016
[sermon begins after two chunky Bible stories from John and Acts]
John 21:1-19 After these things Jesus showed himself again to the disciples by the Sea of Tiberias; and he showed himself in this way. 2 Gathered there together were Simon Peter, Thomas called the Twin, Nathanael of Cana in Galilee, the sons of Zebedee, and two others of his disciples. 3 Simon Peter said to them, "I am going fishing." They said to him, "We will go with you." They went out and got into the boat, but that night they caught nothing. 4 Just after daybreak, Jesus stood on the beach; but the disciples did not know that it was Jesus. 5 Jesus said to them, "Children, you have no fish, have you?" They answered him, "No." 6 He said to them, "Cast the net to the right side of the boat, and you will find some." So they cast it, and now they were not able to haul it in because there were so many fish. 7 That disciple whom Jesus loved said to Peter, "It is the Lord!" When Simon Peter heard that it was the Lord, he put on some clothes, for he was naked, and jumped into the sea. 8 But the other disciples came in the boat, dragging the net full of fish, for they were not far from the land, only about a hundred yards off. 9 When they had gone ashore, they saw a charcoal fire there, with fish on it, and bread. 10 Jesus said to them, "Bring some of the fish that you have just caught." 11 So Simon Peter went aboard and hauled the net ashore, full of large fish, a hundred fifty-three of them; and though there were so many, the net was not torn. 12 Jesus said to them, "Come and have breakfast." Now none of the disciples dared to ask him, "Who are you?" because they knew it was the Lord. 13 Jesus came and took the bread and gave it to them, and did the same with the fish. 14 This was now the third time that Jesus appeared to the disciples after he was raised from the dead. 15 When they had finished breakfast, Jesus said to Simon Peter, "Simon son of John, do you love me more than these?" He said to him, "Yes, Lord; you know that I love you." Jesus said to him, "Feed my lambs." 16 A second time he said to him, "Simon son of John, do you love me?" He said to him, "Yes, Lord; you know that I love you." Jesus said to him, "Tend my sheep." 17 He said to him the third time, "Simon son of John, do you love me?" Peter felt hurt because he said to him the third time, "Do you love me?" And he said to him, "Lord, you know everything; you know that I love you." Jesus said to him, "Feed my sheep. 18 Very truly, I tell you, when you were younger, you used to fasten your own belt and to go wherever you wished. But when you grow old, you will stretch out your hands, and someone else will fasten a belt around you and take you where you do not wish to go." 19 (He said this to indicate the kind of death by which he would glorify God.) After this he said to him, "Follow me."
Acts 9:1-20 Meanwhile Saul, still breathing threats and murder against the disciples of the Lord, went to the high priest 2 and asked him for letters to the synagogues at Damascus, so that if he found any who belonged to the Way, men or women, he might bring them bound to Jerusalem. 3 Now as he was going along and approaching Damascus, suddenly a light from heaven flashed around him. 4 He fell to the ground and heard a voice saying to him, "Saul, Saul, why do you persecute me?" 5 He asked, "Who are you, Lord?" The reply came, "I am Jesus, whom you are persecuting. 6 But get up and enter the city, and you will be told what you are to do."
7 The men who were traveling with him stood speechless because they heard the voice but saw no one. 8 Saul got up from the ground, and though his eyes were open, he could see nothing; so they led him by the hand and brought him into Damascus. 9 For three days he was without sight, and neither ate nor drank. 10 Now there was a disciple in Damascus named Ananias. The Lord said to him in a vision, "Ananias." He answered, "Here I am, Lord." 11 The Lord said to him, "Get up and go to the street called Straight, and at the house of Judas look for a man of Tarsus named Saul. At this moment he is praying, 12 and he has seen in a vision a man named Ananias come in and lay his hands on him so that he might regain his sight." 13 But Ananias answered, "Lord, I have heard from many about this man, how much evil he has done to your saints in Jerusalem; 14 and here he has authority from the chief priests to bind all who invoke your name." 15 But the Lord said to him, "Go, for he is an instrument whom I have chosen to bring my name before Gentiles and kings and before the people of Israel; 16 I myself will show him how much he must suffer for the sake of my name." 17 So Ananias went and entered the house. He laid his hands on Saul and said, "Brother Saul, the Lord Jesus, who appeared to you on your way here, has sent me so that you may regain your sight and be filled with the Holy Spirit." 18 And immediately something like scales fell from his eyes, and his sight was restored. Then he got up and was baptized, 19 and after taking some food, he regained his strength. For several days he was with the disciples in Damascus, 20 and immediately he began to proclaim Jesus in the synagogues, saying, "He is the Son of God."
Picture a dinner table. My husband Rob and my almost 17-year-old daughter Taryn are eating and chatting. I get to talking about how I've been thinking about redemption lately. (I'm pretty fun at a dinner table, let me tell you.) I talk a little about wondering what redemption means today and what redemption stories make sense to people across groups. And then I say, "So I've been thinking about Darth Vader."[1] Without even a pause to blink, Taryn turns to her dad and says, "I thought she was going to say something about Jesus." Much hilarity ensues.
But she wasn't far off in her assumption. I'd been pondering the upcoming Bible verses that we heard read in worship today. I've known they've been coming for a few weeks. Deciding what to preach on Good Friday from Jesus' Passion came from looking ahead to see when this story about Peter and Jesus would be told.[2] There it was, scheduled for today.
The Good Friday sermon just before Easter Sunday emphasized the part of the Passion story when Peter denies knowing Jesus three times.[3] Peter is one of the original twelve disciples. He knows Jesus very well. Peter's pledge of allegiance to the death was still warm when he started telling people he didn't know Jesus.[4] Peter's denials happen in the dark of night, over a charcoal fire, during Jesus' crucifixion trial. He chooses camouflage over courage and saying the easy thing over the right thing. His denials of Jesus are an epic fail. And Peter knows it.
In the Bible verses today, there's Jesus standing on the beach just after daybreak. Having apparently worked up quite the appetite after his resurrection, he cooks breakfast over a charcoal fire. He passes around loaves and fish. Everyone eats. Then Jesus and Peter have their moment that includes questions, love, and ways to make amends.
Three denials from Peter before the crucifixion. Three pledges of love following the resurrection. And Jesus in between those denials and pledges. Jesus opens up a moment of redemption for Peter. Interesting that Peter didn't instigate this moment. He didn't launch into explanation or confession or ask for forgiveness. Interesting that he's hurt when Jesus keeps asking about the love. Although Jesus would have at least three reasons to doubt what a profession of love from Peter means on the ground. And, still, redemption comes whether or not Peter instigates it or understands it.
Saul's story from the Acts reading is also one of redemption. This man known as Saul zealously guards the faith of his ancestors to the point of attending the stoning of Jesus followers. He watches the coats of the witnesses during the stoning and approves of the killing.[5] He was hunting "anyone who belong to the Way, men or women," so that "he might bring them bound to Jerusalem." Saul is frightening and poses real threat to people who don't agree with him. He is blinded on his way to do terrible things and Ananias is sent to him to heal him.
Ananias has no interest in being with the man who very recently was part of butchering Jesus followers. Who can blame him? But Ananias goes and does what is asked of him. Saul immediately became a preacher. Saul is "also known as Paul."[6] He ends up starting churches of Jesus followers and encouraging them with his visits and the letters we now read as part of the New Testament. He is, in short, a man redeemed.
What is it about redemption? People doing horrible things and seeming beyond all help. Something happens. And they are on a new course. Relating differently to the people around them. I wasn't kidding when I said that I'd been thinking about Darth Vader. The story of Star Wars is a long arc to Vader's redemption. (I'm not addressing the 7th film in this statement). Audiences cheer it. Fans argue about it. There's something about redemption that captures our imagination.
For Peter and Paul, and one could argue Vader, there are people involved in these redemption stories. For Peter, there is Jesus in his resurrected body. For Paul, there is Ananias who is fearful and faithful. For Vader, there is Luke. Bottom line: There are other people involved in the redemption.
As part of my work at the women's prison, I met a woman we'll call Jane. During the Bible Study before Friday evening worship, the group of women and I were discussing the Ten Commandments found in the book of Exodus.[7] Jane eventually raised her hand and said that she had broken every one of the commandments. She looked at the Bible verses again, nodded, and said, "Yup, every one." She talked about Jesus' love and the church in which she heard about it, not believing it could be for her. Until, one day, she did.
I attended a parole hearing for Jane who was to serve a life sentence for murdering her lover's wife. The family of the woman who was murdered was outraged that the hearing was even happening. Jane did not receive parole at that time. She did eventually. Jane's story is not an easy one. There is carnage in her history. Her redemption is messy, fragile, and uncomfortable – for her victim's family and, therefore, for her. You can't pretty it up with a bow or a Hollywood movie or a sermon.
What about those of us who may not have as big of a story as Jane, Peter, or Paul? What about redemption stories that simmer quietly and are still in their "before" moment? Some of us know what I'm talking about. Whether it's quiet addictions that are slowly breaking relationships – a favored chemical or porn or incessant gaming. Or behind-the-scenes behavior that can be masked in public – rage and abuse that is verbal or violent or sexual. Or public behavior that is deemed acceptable but destroys people – jonesing after power by way of gossip or ridicule or racism.
Redemption doesn't erase the reality or consequence of what we've done. Redemption allows for a different way of living moving forward – consequences and all. After Jane's parole was denied, her reaction was disappointment and also some clarity that ministry does and will continue to happen in the prison. Her conversion did not negate the reality of the murder she committed. The woman she murdered is still dead and missed by her family. Neither did Saul's conversion negate what he did. Thomas, the Jesus follower, was still dead by stoning.
How do you suppose Peter took the news that Jesus came back? Given his denial of Jesus during the trial, Peter's initial thoughts about resurrection likely included some fear. But there was Jesus. Offering redemption and a way to make amends.
Amends are often insufficient and suspect, especially for the people who are hurt by our behavior. But there's Jesus, giving Peter something to do in the face of what he has done. Jesus said to Simon Peter, "Simon son of John, do you love me more than these?" He said to him, "Yes, Lord; you know that I love you." Jesus said to him, "Feed my lambs." 16A second time he said to him, "Simon son of John, do you love me?" He said to him, "Yes, Lord; you know that I love you." Jesus said to him, "Tend my sheep." 17He said to him the third time, "Simon son of John, do you love me?" Peter felt hurt because he said to him the third time, "Do you love me?" And he said to him, "Lord, you know everything; you know that I love you." Jesus said to him, "Feed my sheep."
Jesus' offer is on the table for you. Even though you haven't asked for it and maybe aren't ready for it. Do you think because you screwed up that you don't deserve a second chance?[8] Forgiveness is the "gracious irritant" that leads to redemption.[9] Notice again that redemption isn't self-made and it doesn't happen in the dark. Other people are involved. It happens in the light of day. There is honesty. There are consequences. There is also freedom.
Amen and alleluia.
[1] George Lucas. Star Wars I-VI. http://lucasfilm.com/star-wars
[2] ELCA Lutherans, as a general rule, follow the Revised Common Lectionary that schedules scripture readings over a three year cycle. Read about the RCL at http://www.elca.org/Lectionary
[3] John 18:15-27
[4] John 13:37 Peter said to [Jesus], "Lord, why can I not follow you now? I will lay down my life for you."
[5] Acts 7: 558 and 8:1 "Then they dragged [Thomas] out of the city and began to stone him; and the witnesses laid their coats at the feet of a young man named Saul…And Saul approved of their killing him."
[6] Acts 13:9
[7] Exodus 20:1-17
[8] Diablo Cody. Ricki and the Flash. (Clinica Estetico, LStar Capital, and TriStar Pictures, 2015). http://www.imdb.com/title/tt3623726/companycredits?ref_=tt_ql_dt_5
[9] L. Gregory Jones. Embodying Forgiveness. (Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co, 1995), xvi.
Acts 9:1-20charcoal fireConversationDarth VaderfeedJesusJohn 21:1-19lovemaking amendsPaulPeterredemptionSaulsheepStar Wars
For Berniece, A Celebration of Life at Her Funeral – 1 Corinthians 13 and John 14:1-4
April 5, 2016 caitlin121608
Pastor Caitlin Trussell with Augustana Lutheran Church on April 5, 2016
[sermon begins after two Bible readings]
1 Corinthians 13 1 If I speak in the tongues of mortals and of angels, but do not have love, I am a noisy gong or a clanging cymbal. 2 And if I have prophetic powers, and understand all mysteries and all knowledge, and if I have all faith, so as to remove mountains, but do not have love, I am nothing. 3 If I give away all my possessions, and if I hand over my body so that I may boast, but do not have love, I gain nothing. 4 Love is patient; love is kind; love is not envious or boastful or arrogant 5 or rude. It does not insist on its own way; it is not irritable or resentful; 6 it does not rejoice in wrongdoing, but rejoices in the truth. 7 It bears all things, believes all things, hopes all things, endures all things. 8 Love never ends. But as for prophecies, they will come to an end; as for tongues, they will cease; as for knowledge, it will come to an end. 9 For we know only in part, and we prophesy only in part; 10 but when the complete comes, the partial will come to an end. 11 When I was a child, I spoke like a child, I thought like a child, I reasoned like a child; when I became an adult, I put an end to childish ways. 12 For now we see in a mirror, dimly, but then we will see face to face. Now I know only in part; then I will know fully, even as I have been fully known. 13 And now faith, hope, and love abide, these three; and the greatest of these is love.
John 14:1-4 "Do not let your hearts be troubled. Believe in God, believe also in me. 2 In my Father's house there are many dwelling places. If it were not so, would I have told you that I go to prepare a place for you? 3 And if I go and prepare a place for you, I will come again and will take you to myself, so that where I am, there you may be also. 4 And you know the way to the place where I am going."
The morning after Berniece died, Arvid and two of their four children – Karen and Eric – sat at the kitchen table covered in papers of all kinds. Some of those papers included Bible verses and hymns that Berniece and Arvid had discussed and written down in preparation for the days when their funerals would come. There was a readiness to finish the planning that would become part of the celebration of her life even in the shock of Berniece's death less than 18 hours before. Her death was, and is, a shock. She'd been feeling a little more tired than usual but not sick. After 90 years of life and 63 ½ years of marriage, the loss catches us off guard.
Around that kitchen table, in their home of 45 years, there were also stories to tell. Stories of Berniece in her single years deciding where to go next as she enjoyed her friends while teaching short-hand and bookkeeping in Bottineau. Stories of meeting Arvid over a pair of shoes sold and a first date that came at the not-so-subtle encouragement of his brother. Stories of football and popcorn leading to a full decade of marriage and children arriving in the '50s with the big move to Denver that followed the four births. Story after story that unfolds Berniece's life and the love shared with family and friends.
While her death is a shock, her scripture choices come as no surprise. A woman who loved out of her strength would know the cost of love described by the Apostle Paul in his letter to the Corinthian church. This is a deep and abiding love. As Karen put it, the kids knew that their mother "loved us no matter what stupid thing we did." Karen's description of Berniece is a sermon-in-a-sentence of First Corinthians 13 in which Paul writes, "Love is patient; love is kind…it bears all things, believes all things, hopes all things, endures all things…love never ends." Berniece "loved us no matter what stupid thing we did." Such a love.
Such a love comes out of not only strength but also the clarity of imperfection, the clarity of humility, the clarity of grace. You see, clarity about one's own imperfection opens up the possibility of grace for someone else's imperfection. Out of the clarity of imperfection, one might say out of the clarity of our own sin, comes a bit of awareness of how much God must love us. The kind of love we share pales in comparison to so great a love. As Paul puts it, "now we see through a mirror dimly but then we will see face-to-face." Paul not only describes love between individuals. Paul describes the behavior of love expected in the church. The behavior of love that serves as a bridge across differences. The behavior of love that comes in person. The behavior of love that is asked of us but, first and foremost, in the in-person love of Jesus on a cross.
To describe looking through the dim side of a mirror, Christians will often refer to living on "this side of the cross." The resurrection-side of the cross is simply too much to fathom in a world in which we can so clearly see real problems. In this way, the truth of the cross is closer to home than the resurrection. It's a truth we get deep in our gut. The truth that being human involves real suffering and pain. The truth of God's self-sacrificing love. The truth that God would rather die than raise a hand in violence against the world that God so loves. The truth that forgiveness comes from the cross as Jesus says, "Father, forgive them, for they know not what they do." The truth about the unflinching love of God in the face of our failures. Those are hard truths but we can get at them from our own experiences of love, forgiveness, self-sacrifice, pain, suffering, and death. We can get at them from this side of the cross.
Jesus' words from the Gospel of John that Berniece chose are also from this side of the cross. [Jesus says to the people with him,] "And if I go and prepare a place for you, I will come again and will take you to myself, so that where I am, there you may be also."[1] These words are a promise that we can understand only through a mirror dimly. But these words are the promise today for Berniece who now knows God's promise fully even as she is fully known by God. She is taken fully into God and is at rest. This is God's promise for Berniece and this is God's promise for you.
Amen and thanks be to God for new life.
[1] John 14:3
1 Corinthians 13churchcrossdeathGodJesusJohn 14lovepromiseresurrection


text:
Alojz Lorenc (* 21. červen 1939 Trenčín) je bývalý československý policista slovenské národnosti. V období 1985–1989 působil jako první náměstek federálního ministra vnitra Československé socialistické republiky, pověřený řízením centrálních kontrarozvědných správ Státní bezpečnosti. Prakticky celou svoji kariéru působil v bezpečnostních složkách.

Kariéra v bezpečnostních složkách
Po absolutoriu Vojenské akademie Antonína Zápotockého v Brně nastoupil v roce 1970 na ministerstvo vnitra ČSSR v Praze, kde pracoval ve zvláštním odboru federálního ministerstva vnitra . Alojz Lorenc se věnoval kryptografii. Řídil vývoj šifrovacího automatu, jehož byl autorem. Svými nadřízenými byl opakovaně výborně hodnocen a rychle postupoval vzhůru po kariérním žebříčku. V roce 1977 se stal náčelníkem zvláštní správy SNB, což byl ústřední orgán šifrové služby ČSSR. Od 1. května 1980 velel správě SNB hl. města Bratislavy a Západoslovenského kraje.

Nejvyššího postu dosáhl generál Lorenc v roce 1985, kdy se stal prvním náměstkem ministra vnitra Vajnara. Zpočátku (do roku 1988) generál Lorenc řídil Správu ekonomické kontrarozvědky a Správu vnitřní kontrarozvědky, též ale Vysokou školu SNB a Technickou správu FMV, Správu vývoje automatizace, Zvláštní správu (Ústřední orgán šifrové služby státu) a Technickou správu (vývoj zpravodajské techniky). Řídil Státní komisi pro ochranu státního tajemství, byl členem Vládního výboru pro obranný průmysl a členem Vládní havarijní komise. V čase mimořádných bezpečnostních opatření byl pověřován řízením celostátního operačního štábu na FMV. Od reorganizace FMV v roce 1988 mu byly podřízeny Hlavní správa kontrarozvědky, Hlavní správa vojenské kontrarozvědky a Správa kontrarozvědky v Bratislavě. Řídil a komplexně kontroloval protišpionážní, ekonomickou, vojenskou i politickou kontrarozvědnou práci v celém Československu.

V průběhu sametové revoluce vydal generál Lorenc rozkaz, podle kterého nemají složky StB nijak zasahovat do situace. Tento rozkaz později odůvodnil tím, že nechtěl více pobouřit občany. Později nařídil skartaci mnoha dokumentů z archivu StB.

Po roce 1989
Po revoluci byla StB zrušena a generál Lorenc z řad bezpečnostních složek propuštěn. Za své činy z doby socialismu byl v říjnu 1993 Vyšším vojenským soudem v Táboře (předseda senátu Jiří Bernát) odsouzen ke čtyřletému nepodmíněnému trestu. Trest si však nikdy neodpykal a odjel na Slovensko, jehož orgány v roce 2000 trestní stíhání zastavily. Teprve v roce 2002 byl Lorenc odsouzen k patnácti měsícům odnětí svobody podmíněně. Lorenc odmítl, že by překročil své pravomoci.

Po roce 1990 se Alojz Lorenc zabýval komerční poradenskou činností v oboru IT bezpečnosti. Později několik let pracoval jako ředitel firemních rizik pro investiční skupinu Penta. Alojz Lorenc o úloze a akcích MV a StB vydal knihu Ministerstvo strachu? Neskartované vzpomínky generála Lorence (Bratislava, 1992). V roce 2000 vydal společně se spisovatelem Pavolem Janíkem další knihu "Dešifrovaný svět".

Václav Bartuška, bývalý člen parlamentní komise pro dohled na vyšetřování událostí 17. listopadu, charakterizoval Lorence takto: "Za největšího protivníka – který byl často nad moje síly – jsem považoval generála Lorence. [..] Mluvil jsem s ním na jaře 1990 desítky hodin. Inteligentní, velmi dobře informovaný, nebezpečný."

Kontroverze vzbudilo Lorencovo vystoupení v rámci debaty pořádané FSV UK v listopadu 2018.

Dílo
 1992 – Ministerstvo strachu?: neskartované spomienky generála Lorenca – Tatrapress, Bratislava,
 1992 – Ministerstvo strachu?: neskartované vzpomínky generála Lorence – Tatrapress, Bratislava,
 2000 – Dešifrovaný svet (rozhovory s Alojzem Lorencem vedl Pavol Janík) – Forza, Banská Bystrica,
 2018 – Je štátny prevrat, na víkend domov neprídem (rozhovor s Alojzem Lorencem vedl Karol Lovaš) – VSSS, Bratislava,

Odkazy

Reference

Externí odkazy
 https://radiozurnal.rozhlas.cz/posledni-sef-stb-alojz-lorenc-v-srpnu-1989-jsme-pusobili-i-na-vaclava-havla-6283418
 https://denikn.cz/208482/svedomi-posledniho-sefa-stb-netrapi-lituji-spis-toho-co-jsem-neudelal-rika-alojz-lorenc/

Slovenští generálové
Představitelé Státní bezpečnosti
Členové KSČ
Českoslovenští politici slovenské národnosti
Osobnosti sametové revoluce
Narození v roce 1939
Narození 21. června
Narození v Trenčíně
Žijící lidé
Muži

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


One year ago this past weekend we packed up all our belongings including the bakery into a U-haul trailer and started driving Northeast from the little town at Mono Lake on the Eastside of the Sierra Nevada to the beautiful green and bursting with spring colors of Bozeman. It was a day full of hope, sadness, excitement, tears, reflection, fear and a lot of unknowns. We were moving to a town 800 miles away that we had only visited once and knew very little about. It was a gut feeling that this was going to be the right move.
Now, reflecting on that decision one year later we are so glad we took that scary plunge into the unknown. What a year it has been!! Many of you reading this today have been part of my bread shares from day one! Others might have just found me. I love baking bread for you every week and I am looking forward to many more years of it! Thank you for being part of my baking adventures and making our first year here so incredible!
the details yet. I will send out an email in the next couple weeks with more information. There is one more bread day next week before we take a little vacation.
No matter what the bread shares will look like you will be able to find me at the Tuesday and Saturday Markets right next to Living Nutrition with her delicious Kraut, sharing with all of you the fermented foods we love to make. I am looking forward to seeing you all there starting June 7th at Bogert Park!
Ingredients: Montana grown organic wheat flour, water, freshly milled organic KAMUT wheat flour, organic KAMUT wheat berries, sourdough culture, sea salt.
Ingredients: Montana grown organic wheat flour, water, organic yellow corn, organic pumpkin seeds, sourdough culture, sea salt.
Ingredients: Montana grown organic wheat flour, water, freshly milled organic rye flour, sourdough starter, raw honey, sea salt, organic coriander, organic fennel seeds.


All childen are welcome to join in! Our young children (pre-school through elementary) leave the service after the sermon hymm and return at Holy Communion. We are currently using the David Cook curriculum. We have a ton of fun stuff going on here. We get to learn about the life of Jesus and the Bible, while often digging into some games and arts & crafts.
Men's Ministry, Anglican Church Men (ACM) is a ministry dedicated to the fellowship of men. We meet monthly and focus on Fellowship, maintenance of the Church and planning fun events for the parishioners. Fellowship focuses on improving our relationship with God and each other. We perform minor repairs, as our individual talents allow, that cover both inside and outside projects. We host several Fun events throughout the year, eg. a night out at a Drury Lane show, a bratwurst/hot dog lunch following a service in the spring, a chili cook-off contest lunch following a service in the fall, a Pancake breakfast during Lent following a service, and the annual Church picnic in August. Last, we contribute to outreach efforts with both funding and sweat equity, outreach encompasses both those efforts within the Church and outside organizations supporting the local community and our deployed men and women of the Armed Services.
Anglican Church Women (ACW) shall, through acts of Christian charity, help to support the mission of the church in this parish in such ways as shall be determined by the rector and the membership of the ACW. The Women's Ministry (ACW) meets on the second Sunday of each month after Mass. We dedicate time at the end of each meeting to share prayer requests and praise. The ACW provides hospitality and refreshments on special occasions including the Annual Meeting and our All Saints Day celebration. We organize monthly fellowship luncheons and encourage all women and men of the parish to attend the luncheons. We welcome all women of the parish to attend our meetings. Please plan to reap the benefits of Christian fellowship provided by our monthly meetings and luncheons. We'd love to have you join us!
The Youth Group is dedicated to partnering with the choir to help teens develop into more devoted and mature disciples of Christ, through an intentional focus on inclusion in all aspects of church service.
The purpose of the All Saints Anglican Church Library is to provide books and materials to support the mission of the Church; to undergird its teaching and preaching; and to inspire and encourage its members in their Christian walk. The library is located in the narthex of the church.
The Youth Group is dedicated to partnering with parents to help teens develop into more devoted and mature disciples of Christ, through an intentional focus on building developmental assets and relationship building. The Province has an event this year, check out our events section for more details.
Youth activities such as Kane County baseball game, miniature golf, bowling and fishing are just a few of the events we do locally.
The Altar Guild consists of women dedicated to the Ministry of serving the rector in assisting preparation for Mass. We have the responsibility of maintaining all of the vessels used in the administration of Holy Communion, including all the linens and elements. We maintain the altar area and coordinate altar hangings with respect to the Ordo calendar. Twice a year we get together as a group to do polishing and deep cleaning of the altar. We welcome those that wish to do the Lord's work in this rewarding ministry.
The Flower Guild is a group of volunteers who seek to enhance the altar with flower arrangements most Sundays throughout the liturgical year (except for Advent and Lent). Many times the flowers are contributed through a monetary donation by parishioners as a memorial or thanksgiving, or to honor a birthday or anniversary. The high holy days of Christmas and Easter are celebrated with additional adornment of the sanctuary.
Starting up again in the Spring of 2019, in morning prayer, folks are invited to glorify God through a time of communal prayer and worship. The ACM leads our Saturday morning prayer group. It is a time that creates a place for folks to grow spiritually through Biblical learning and caring relationships.


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The Portland Man Who Crossed Antarctica Solo Is About to Embark on Another "Impossible" Expedition
Colin O'Brady will attempt to row across one of the world's most dangerous waterways—despite the fact that he's "never rowed a boat anywhere" in his life.
(Henry Cromett)
By Elise Herron
November 18, 2019 at 11:13 am PST
Portland's adrenaline-addicted darling is making waves again—literally.
Colin O'Brady broke a world record last December after crossing Antarctica solo, without the aid of any mechanical propulsion or resupplies. On Friday, O'Brady went on The Tonight Show with Jimmy Fallon to announce his next "impossible" endeavor: an attempt to become the first person in history to cross the Drake Passage by boat.
The waterway, which is between the southern tip of South America and Antarctica, is one of the most dangerous crossings in the world.
"We're calling it 'The Impossible Row,'" O'Brady told Fallon. "Get this, I've never rowed a boat anywhere in my life."
O'Brady and a team of five others will depart for the adventure in two weeks. The trek will be documented by The Discovery Channel. Like his expedition across Antarctica—and to the ire of every competing influencer—O'Brady will stream the passage on his social media accounts for viral holiday entertainment.
Related: Portlander Colin O'Brady Made History Crossing Antarctica Solo. A New Profile Examines the Feat as a Triumph in Marketing.
"When you're at home with your families over the holidays," O'Brady told Fallon, "you can tune in and see me in a little rowboat bouncing around 30-40 foot swells."

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Currently, I'm working on the fourth Aston West in-the-series novel, tentatively entitled Resurrection. But life wouldn't be all that exciting if I didn't have my hand in a dozen other projects at the same time. So, I'm also working on several new short stories to put into my next Aston West Triple-Shot. And on top of that, I've been working toward completion of another Aston West novella, Fallen. Outside of my series work, I've been teaming up with Lyndon Perry toward the completion of two more books in a series of novellas featuring orphan Max McCannor (with the first, Escape, just published). And I've been toying around with the idea of some other non-sci-fi titles. Busy busy!
I often hear from folks who tell me they don't ordinarily enjoy science fiction, but they love my stories. I imagine that has to do with the focus on characters and not on the science. Additionally, I think my lead character Aston is not what your first choice for a hero would be. He doesn't fit the stereotype of the (as my favorite label from the "Firefly" series indicates) "big d*** hero" like most in the genre do. He's the everyman who just happens to get into more than his fair share of tricky situations, and I think that resonates with more than a few readers who like to think that they, too, could be in the same boat.
It varies, depending on what I'm working on. For longer works like novellas and novels, I usually develop a plot outline first (at least with my Aston West series, since most of my major characters have already been developed...for stuff outside of the series, I have to put together some character sheets beforehand). Sometimes I start directly with the plot outline. Other times, I start with index cards. Either way, I come up with a multitude of scenes I need to have happen in the story, and in a rough sequence. That's not to say that the process won't diverge from the plan along the way, but I always like to have a good idea of where I'm going so that I don't get lost in the jungle that is the writing process. Once I have the game plan, I just start writing, referencing back to my plot outline as needed.
For my short stories, I usually come up with the same type of scene list/plot outline, but it usually only takes up a single sheet of notebook paper. Then, the writing begins.
After the first draft is done, I wait a while and then get right back into editing over and over until I pull the trigger on publication.
And now it's time to tag someone else, so my co-author in the Max McCannor series Lyndon Perry, you're up!


Steve and Eydie were an American husband-and-wife singing duo, Steve Lawrence (birth name Sidney Leibowitz) and Eydie Gorme (birth name Edith Garmezano). They were particularly active during the 50s music and the 60s music era. Steve and Eydie first met on The Tonight Show, where it was then hosted by Steve Allen; they married in 1957. Together the married pair embarked on a professional singing career, their biggest achievement ever being winners of the 1960 Grammy for Best Performance by a Vocal Group for We Got Us album. They have also performed on TV shows. Eydie Gorme has officially retired from touring in 2009 for health reasons, making her husband embark on a solo tour. Gorme died in 2013.
Who were Steve and Eydie?
The American pop vocal duet Steve and Eydie was formed in 1957 comprising of Steve Lawrence and Eydie Gorme. Lawrence was born Sidney Leibowitz on July 8, 1935 in Brooklyn, New York while Gorme was born Edith Gormezano (or Garmezano) on August 16, 1928 in The Bronx, New York. Aside from being partners in making music, they were also a couple in real life.
In the midst of their popularity, the two got married in Las Vegas in December 1957. Their marriage helped to boost their careers, they even had their television show which entitled The Steve Lawrence-Eydie Gorme Show. In the early 1960's, the pair's momentum slowed down due to Lawrence's calling for military service as well as Gorme's focus on motherhood. However, their first duo album, We Got Us earned a Grammy Award.
After the Beatlemania craze struck the U.S., Eydie and Gorme returned into recording in 1967 and released the album Together on Broadway. They came up with the album after co-starring in Golden Rainbow, a Broadway musical. In 1972, they had their last visit on the chart with "We Can Make it Together" which was written and performed along with The Osmonds. It peaked at #7 on the U.S. adult contemporary chart. Recorded under the alias Parker and Penny, they released their last record "Hallelujah" which charted on adult contemporary chart at #49.
In late 2000's, Lawrence had to go on a tour alone for the first time, without his wife Eydie. It was confirmed on their official website in 2010 that Eydie would be retiring due to health reasons. On August 10, 2013, Eydie Gorme died after years of battling her sickness.


What would a man be without an Occupation? Retired! Well I hope so! Occupation Socks for Men are fun for him to wear on the job. They also make great presents for the whole crew or the junior team of lawyers you just hired. These run from Mr Fix It, Handyman Styles to Eye Charts for anyone dealing with EYES! Lawyers and Medical Personnel are covered here too. We also have Construction Socks and Emergency Vehicle Socks that cover a wide spread of Occupations. Sock companies are coming up with new ones all the time, but if you want your Occupation on a Sock let me know.


Listhub: Real Estate of the Summit distributes your listing to over 75 online search engines through an online platform called ListHub. Many of these websites have extended networks allowing us to market to extremely high numbers of privatized web searches. As of now, ListHub is the #1 network for online website distribution. Some of the websites you may be familiar with are realtor.com, homes.com, homefinder.com, etc.
Zillow & Trulia: Zillow owns Trulia and is the leading online real estate search engine. Listing your property on these two websites is extremely beneficial and necessary to market your property to potential buyers.
Reports are distributed by our office every week. Some of these reports take a week or two before they begin to populate information from the property listing. If you do not receive all of the reports this upcoming week, do not worry, you will the following week!
Listhub: Our account allows us to generate reports that provide online traffic data, as well as traffic comparisons to other similar properties on the market.
Zillow & Trulia: Zillow owns Trulia and is the leading online real estate search engine. We have found that reports sent directly from Zillow are very beneficial because of the amount of traffic both these website gain.
Showing Time: ShowingTime is currently the top showing management software on the market. All showing appointments are documented within the system and realtors can provide ratings and feedback on the property within this system. An important aspect of ShowingTime is that it allows us to observe the total number of showings. If a unit is always occupied upon showing requests, we can monitor this through cancelled appointments and resolve any issues moving forward. Once the comments are all published from the previous week, a feedback report can be forwarded to you for personal review!
Virtuance: One last report function used by Real Estate of the Summit comes from virtual tour traffic on the Virtuance website. As you already know from the photos, Virtuance is a top quality real estate photography company. We provide direct photography tour links on the MLS website for brokers and clients to access. Photo and tour views are populated by their website and we can easily pass this information along to you each week!


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SIGNA Group
Investment fund - Investor / Retail promoter
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Last update February 3, 2021 | Report an error
René Benko
Founder - Chairman of the SIGNA Holding Advisory Board
Dieter Berninghaus
Chairman of the Executive Board
Robert Leingruber
Head of Communications
Karin Mayrhofer
Christoph Stadlhuber
Spokesman of the SIGNA Group Executive Board - Chief Executive Officer of SIGNA Real Estate Austria
Juergen Fenk joins the Primonial Group
Immobel Executive Chairman Marnix Galle appointed as ULI Europe Chairman
Commerz Real acquires 20% stake in 10 German Kaufhof stores
Austria's Immofinanz, S Immo abandon long-held plans to merge
RFR, Signa jointly acquire Frankfurt, Rotterdam portfolio from Allianz
To accelerate its international development, the Primonial Group's real estate division has just welcomed Juergen Fenk. He will report to Laurent Fléchet, Deputy Managing Director (...)
Marnix Galle, executive chairman of Belgian developer, Immobel, has been appointed as ULI Europe Chairman. Succeeding Juergen Fenk, member of the executive board, SIGNA (...)
Commerz Real, part of Germany's Commerzbank, has taken a 20% stake in 10 Kaufhof department stores, intending to develop them and boost value together (...)
Two Austrian listed real estate firms which nearly four years ago announced they would merge activities, and bought each other's equity in preparation, have called (...)
Two of Europe's most powerful private real estate groups, Austria's Signa and New York-based RFR are jointly acquiring a top-end office/retail portfolio from Allianz (...)
Austria's CA Immo sells 4m Immofinanz shares for €111m
Austria's CA Immobilien has disposed of just over 4m shares in Austrian peer Immofinanz, around 4.0% of the latter's equity, worth an aggregate value (...)
Pecik, Ketterer buy 10% in Vienna's S IMMO, amid merger talks with Immofinanz
Two Austrian and Swiss investors Ronny Pecik and Norbert Ketterer have acquired a 10% shareholding in S IMMO amid the Vienna firm's merger talks with peer Immofinanz. S IMMO (...)
Austria's Signa raises €1.2bn in fresh equity, eyeing acquisitions
Austria's privately-held Signa group is executing two capital increases, of €700m and €500m, earmarking proceeds for acquisitions and boosting liquidity reserves over €1bn. The first (...)
Madison takes 5% in Austrian Signa's €12.5bn holding in German Kaufhof stores
US-based Madison International has taken a 5% stake in Austrian Signa group's €12.5bn vehicle holding the German Kaufhof stores, plus another 27 trophy assets (...)
Spain's Azora, CBRE said launching €250m last-mile logistics firm
Azora, the Madrid property manager which developed and then sold one of Spain' largest REITs, has launched a firm with CBRE to invest €250m (...)
Germany's Karstadt, slated to merge with Kaufhof, plans inner-city logistics
German store chain Karstadt, likely to be merged soon with its peer Kaufhof, has launched a joint venture with the Fiege group to in-source (...)
Austrian Signa, Canada's Hudson's Bay unite Kaufhof, Karstadt in new retail group
Austria's Signa group has confirmed that German department stores Kaufhof and Karstadt are to be merged in a giant new retail company with Canada's (...)
German Kaufhof, Karstadt merger said going ahead
The merger of Germany's two store chains Kaufhof and Karstadt is reportedly going ahead after the cartel office and creditor banks separately agreed that (...)
Vienna's S Immo hits record first half FFO at €34m, but net slides
Despite extensive sales in recent years and a cut in rental income in first half 2018, Vienna-based S Immo said it substantially increased FFO1 (...)
Canada's Hudson's Bay confirms talks with Austrian Signa over Kaufhof
Canadian department store group Hudson's Bay Company has confirmed that it is in talks with Austria's private Signa Holding over possible collaboration on its German Kaufhof chain. In a (...)
Canadian Hudson's Bay said re-starting talks to sell German Kaufhof to Signa
Canadian department store group Hudson's Bay Company, after rejecting an approach in February, is reported to have re-started talks to sell its German Kaufhof chain to the (...)
Austrian S Immo CEO says Immofinanz 29% buy is step in right direction
Ernst Vejdovszky, CEO of Austrian S Immo in which a 29.14% stake changed hands on Wednesday, acquired by Vienna listed peer Immofinanz, said he (...)
Austria's Immofinanz buys Benko, Pecik's 29% S Immo stake for €20 shr
Austrian listed Immofinanz, on the day that a public offer for 5% of its shares opens from US opportunity fund Starwood Capital, said Wednesday it has (...)
US Starwood Capital says bids for Austrian CA, Immofinanz will boost growth
US-based Starwood Capital Group said its partial bids for Austrian listed companies CA Immo and Immofinanz, which open for acceptances today, will accelerate their growth by providing a long-term-oriented, (...)
Benko raises S Immo stake to 29%, boosting Austrian Champion speculation
Austrian property tycoon René Benko nows controls 29.14% in Vienna listed S Immo after his private trust on Monday acquired 7.28% from the Vienna Insurance Group. (...)
Vienna's Immofinanz returns to €181m net profit in 2017, excluding Russian operations
Austrian property group Immofinanz last year turned into profit, excluding discontinued operations, with net earnings of €181m reversing a pro-forma €147m loss for 2016. Including these (...)
Austria's Immofinanz rejects unsolicited US Starwood offer at €2.10 shr
Austria's listed property group Immofinanz has rejected an unsolicited partial offer for a 5% stake made by the US-based Starwood Capital group in parallel to a bid for (...)
Karstadt purchase not aimed at creating downtown malls, says Signa's Benko
René Benko, Austria's biggest real estate entrepreneur and owner of the Signa group, says he did not acquire German store chain Karstadt to convert all of them into (...)
Vienna's Signa withdraws €3bn Kaufhof offer after Canadian Hudsons Bay rejection
Just two days after appointing a new CEO, Canadian retailer Hudsons Bay this week announced its rejection of an unsolicited offer for German store (...)
German 2017 CRE investment hits record €57bn, 2018 to depend on rates, bonds - JLL
Investment in German commercial property last year hit €56.8 bn, shattering the prior record set in 2015 by €1.7 bn, and up 7% from (...)
Austria's Erste sells strategic S Immo stake to shareholder Pecik, supported by Benko
In a last-minute action in 2017, Austria's Erste Group Bank sold its long-held 10% strategic stake in listed Vienna-based S Immo to existing shareholder (...)
Kaufhof/Karstadt would be major test of Signa's entrepreneurial ability
Austria's private Signa group is well on its way to wiping out memories of the past troubles of its youthful founder René Benko. If (...)


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Liar's Dice, Perudo & Dudo
Home > Dice, Dice Trays & Dice Games > Liar's Dice, Perudo & Dudo
Originating in South America, Dudo or Perudo both belong to the family of games known as Liar's Dice. It's a simple dice game full of bluffing and chance - and it's lots of fun! Easy to learn and with no complicated set-up involved, it's a great game for the whole family to enjoy. It's also a fine choice for an enjoyable travel game.
Dudo Dices (Liar's Dice)
Ref: 00KH3W
£13.33 (Ex.VAT)
A colourful version of Dudo - or Liar's Dice
Includes 6 colourful dice shakes and colourful dice
For 2 - 6 players
A great family game that is also great for travel
Language of Rules/Instructions: German, Spanish, English, Italian, Portuguese
Number of players: 2 - 6
Average game time: 30 minutes
Dudo (meaning "I doubt" in Spanish) is a popular dice game, originating in South America that is steadily becoming a family favourite around the world. As with Perudo, it is just a variant of the old game of Liar's Dice'. The game essentially consists of guessing how many dice, played under cups, there are in play showing a specific number. The player who loses the round loses a dice, with the winner being the last player to retain a die (or dice).
This is a bright and colourful version of the game for up to 6 players. 6 dice shakers - all in a different colour - with 5 dice in each colour are included.
Dudo Dice is a simple game that's great fun for the whole family. Full of bluffing and excitement, it's also a great travel game as there are minimal components and no complicated rules or set-up involved.
Each game lasts approximately 30 minutes and is recommended for ages 7+
Click picture for a large version
Apologies - we cannot source this product at present so it is suspended. It is hoped that we will find another source in the long term but we cannot guarantee it.
Ref: 002W02
Excellent Dice game originating in South America
Similar to Liar's Dice
Can be played by two or more players
Lots of fun for all ages
Involves skill and lots of luck
Said to have been passed down by the ancient Incas, Liar's dice is a classic game of bluffing and chance. Each player attempts to outbid, out bluff and outlast their opponent by issuing bids or challenges. The game can be seen in various guises - in recent times, Perudo has become the most popular variant. All forms are terrific fun for families, groups of friends or parties.
Perudo is a popular dice game played in Latin / South American countries. The origins of the game can be traced back to Peru in the 1500s during the time of the conquistadors.
It belongs to the family of games known as Liar's Dice which has many forms and variants.
This game consists of guessing how many dice, placed under cups, there are on the table showing a specific number. It can be played by 2 or more players and involves luck, judgement and lots of fun! The losing player for each round loses one of their dice. The last player to still keep a die (or dice) is the winner.
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Top of page - Liar's Dice, Perudo & Dudo


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Lift Every Voice – Native American/Indigenous People Heritage Month
The U.S. celebrates National Native American Heritage Month during November, while Canada commemorates National Indigenous History Month every June. At Gannett Fleming, we celebrate all North American Indigenous and First Nation peoples' rich, varied cultures and histories as we honor their many accomplishments and contributions to our society.
1. Why do you think it's important to know the history of Indigenous people from the native perspective?
Stasys Fidleris, Civil Designer, Transit and Rail: Progress comes from understanding and empathy, and the only way to achieve this is to learn an unbiased history from those who have been oppressed. History is colored by those who write it, but as our society matures, we're realizing how incomplete the history that we've learned truly is; Indigenous history didn't start when the white man showed up. As a native friend of mine once described it, there is an incredibly complex and rich history of numerous and varied peoples built over thousands of years of interaction, kind of like how we treat European history today. Understanding this context helps us move forward with solutions that don't boil down complex dynamics into single issues. The way forward is not straightforward, but the first step is to admit gaps and learn by listening.
Tim Morda, Corporate Recruiter: Their history is important because it establishes a sense of identity and belonging. It's about broadening the human system and ensuring that all cultures are recognized equally.
2. Why are diversity, equity, and inclusion initiatives important to you as a Gannett Fleming employee?
Stasys Fidleris, Civil Designer, Transit and Rail: I don't have nearly enough time to answer this question thoroughly enough, but it's something that influences every aspect of human interaction. To relate to my previous point, if we want to live in a society that aims to minimize suffering and maximize happiness and empathy, then understanding those different from yourself is going to be the foundation. Plus, people's experiences shape how they think. To find the best solution to a problem, you need to come up with and evaluate a varied set of solutions. And of course, this is only possible with a diverse set of people who have empathy for each other.
Tim Morda, Corporate Recruiter: To put it simply, it's important because people deserve better. It promotes respect, acceptance, teamwork, and innovation despite the differences that we may have. When different minds are able to collaborate to achieve a common goal, everybody wins. By also providing a more well-rounded, more inclusive culture, this is an essential first step in improving overall employee engagement.
3. Which iconic Indigenous person do you most admire for their contributions to the arts, sciences, or society as a whole and why?
Stasys Fidleris, Civil Designer, Transit and Rail: I'm a big fan of music. I'm really into it, and a big influence for me has been a band that used to be called A Tribe Called Red, and they now go by The Halluci Nation. Not only are they incredible artists whose songs I jam out to all the time, but their concerts showcase more than just Indigenous music — they're incredible. They've got dancing and lots of other cultural elements all integrated into the show. They've been such a strong, important voice for Canadian Indigenous peoples, and they played a huge role in bringing Indigenous culture and issues to the mainstream.
Tim Morda, Corporate Recruiter: Jim Thorpe. Growing up in central Pennsylvania and being involved with sports, the Thorpe name was always talked about out here. He attended Carlisle Indian Industrial School, which is also known as the U.S. Army War College and Carlisle Barracks, where he was a two-time All-American under Pop Warner.
After leaving Carlisle, he went to the Olympics, and he ended up being the first Native American to win a gold medal for the U.S. in the 1912 Olympics. Even more remarkable about that story is that right beforehand, somebody stole his shoes before he was due to compete. And he actually went out, found a pair of mismatched replacements (pulled one right out of a trash can), and at the end of the day, it didn't matter; he still won the gold. He accomplished these athletic feats during a time of severe inequality in the U.S. It's often been suggested that his Olympic medals were stripped by athletic officials because of his ethnicity. At the time when Thorpe won his gold medals, not all Native Americans were recognized as U.S. citizens.
And also, in a poll that was published around 2000, they wanted to know who the greatest athlete was in the 20th century. You had names on there like Jordan, Gretzky, Ali, Ruth, and Jesse Owens, and Jim Thorpe was voted the greatest athlete of the 20th century.
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Music Student Performs in Kent State Concert
Voice student Chrystle Mactal performed on December 6 in the World Music Asian Concert at Kent State University in Ohio.
University Chorale Ushers in the Holidays on December 3
The University Chorale, under the direction of Dr. Randy Haldeman, will perform a holiday concert on Monday, December 3.
Music Professor Publishes Article in Jazz Perspectives
Dr. Kelsey Klotz's article addresses the politics of "respectability" in jazz.
Dr. Kelsey Klotz, lecturer in the Department of Music, has published an article in the journal Jazz Perspectives. "On Musical Value: John Lewis, Structural Listening, and the Politics of Respectability" appears in Volume 11 2018 of the journal, published in October.
Concerts To Commemorate 100th Anniversary of Armistice Day
The Department of Music will present two concerts that recognize the 100th anniversary of the end of World War I.
Voice Professor to Sing in Opera Carolina's Daughter of the Regiment
Assistant Professor of Voice Carl DuPont will sing the role of Hortensius in the upcoming Opera Carolina production of The Daughter of the Regiment.
DC Opera "In Series" Features UNC Charlotte Voice Professor
Dr. Brian Arreola, associate professor of voice, in completing a two-week run in Viva Verdi - The Promised End in Washington, D.C.
Voice Professor Releases Album of Songs by Black Composers
Voice professor Carl DuPont has recorded a new album of songs by Black composers, released by Albany Records.
Director of Bands Leads Concert and Symposium in Portugal
Director of Bands Shawn Smith led a conducting seminar and concert in Tomar, Portugal, in August.
Faculty & Friends Series Opens with Tribute to Nina Simone
The Department of Music Faculty & Friends Concert Series will open August 28 with "Revolution & Revival," a tribute to Nina Simone that features A Sign of the Times jazz band and the Madison Park String Quartet.
Robinson Hall Hosts Piano Sale
The lobby of Robinson Hall for the Performing Arts will be host to a piano sale August 2-5.


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Modernising the paper-based CITES permit system
Electronic PermitsPeter Lanius2019-10-11T08:34:06+11:00
CITES ePermits Project
Nearly all 183 parties to CITES still use the original 1970s paper-based permit system, even if those permits may be issued via a computer or the Internet. The problem with the CITES permit system is that it is completely stand-alone: it does not integrate with customs systems and it does not have a central repository of permits that would allow real-time verification.
The result is that the system is not only open to corruption, but also to fraud. Permits can be easily forged, copied, altered or reused and such fraud is hard to detect given the lack of security inherent in the system. This lack of security is used by rampant illegal wildlife trade and it is impossible to successfully tackle the illegal trade without modernising the CITES permit and legal trade system to ensure it is secure, trustworthy to eliminate loopholes currently in place..
A solution exists – a fully electronic permitting system that integrates with customs which can provide tractability and traceability from source to destination countries. It has been discussed within CITES, for nearly a decade, without progress. The reason it has not been implemented is down to cost and under CITES rules every country is responsible for its own national implementation. Wildlife trade or wildlife crime are not a priority for most governments, including in rich countries.
While the estimated cost to roll out the system, throughout all 183 signatory parties, is estimated to be US$30 million (remembering the value of the legal trade in endangered species is worth over US$320 billion annually) there has only been minimal progress. So the world's precious endangered species are traded using a 1970s paper-based system that anyone under the age of 70 can't possibly imagine.
CITES – The Trade System that Doesn't Know What It Doesn't Know
CITES was conceived in 1973, long before personal computers and smartphones. Consequently, the permit system developed to manage exports and imports under CITES was paper based and quite simple. This 1970s paper-based system is still in use today.
Whereas individuals and businesses have mostly gone fully digital, CITES permits are still mostly paper based, often still written on typewriters or filled in by hand. It goes without saying that this a huge problem, as it enables traffickers to forge permits, reuse them or alter them with minimal effort. There is currently no central repository of CITES permits against which a custom official could check if the permit presented to them is valid.
In addition, the permits contain very limited information. For example, the default quantity is 'units', which is completely open to interpretation. CITES has guidelines for how quantities should be stated, but they are often not followed. Even if they are followed, they can be ambiguous. Take the example of the ongoing issue of labelling lion bones, exported from South Africa. CITES allows the terms 'bone', 'skeleton' and 'body'. This leads to inconsistencies in labelling, which in turn lead to poor data quality in the CITES trade database.
Beyond the generally poor quality of the data submitted to the CITES trade database, the data is only submitted once a year and usually late. By the time the data appears in the database, it is 12-24 months old. In most years, some parties fail to submit data altogether. Yet it is this trade database that is used to decide if, for example, a species should be uplisted from Appendix II to Appendix I.
As a result, researchers often turn to customs data to try to validate the data in the CITES trade database. Because there is no integration between the CITES permits and customs records, it is not possible to reconcile shipments. CITES permits only state the maximum quantity that can be exported, not the actual quantity. Whilst permits contain a section at the bottom for customs reconciliation and entry of a waybill number, this section is not always filled out (as in the example shown).
The current system also does not provide for traceability, despite tracing specimens being a critical aspect of CITES enforcement. CITES listings may prohibit the trade in a species from one particular population but allow trade in a nearby population. If specimens cannot be tracked, how does anyone know if a shipment contains specimens from the prohibited population?
To summarise, the current CITES permit system is hopelessly out of date, open to fraud and abuse and generates poor quality data for decision making. It is also not integrated with customs systems, making verification impossible and thereby creating further loopholes exploited by the illegal wildlife trade
Just one recent example – Operation Blizzard:
In early 2019, Operation Blizzard, covering 22 countries netted 2,703 turtles and tortoises, 1,059 snakes, 512 lizards and geckos and 20 crocodiles and alligators, many of which were intended for use in the fashion industry for accessories including wallets, watchstraps and handbags.
Arrests were made in countries including Australia, Italy and Spain. As Europol website stated: "THOUSANDS OF ANIMALS SAVED FROM BECOMING WALLETS"
Help Us Lobby For CITES Modernisation
Given our country is a signatory to CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora), which is supposed to ensure that the international trade in animals and plants does not threaten their survival, I was shocked to hear that CITES has not been modernised since it entered in to force in 1975.
CITES still uses the 1970s paper-based system to facilitate and monitor the legal trade in endangered species. It is astonishing that this is still the case in the 21st century, particularly given the legal trade is valued at over US$320 Billion annually. There can be NO excuse for any country to maintain this obsolete system.
The transition to an electronic permit system, which is fully integrated with customs to ensure traceability from source to destination, is long overdue, particularly since this archaic system means that is easy to launder of illegal items into the legal marketplace. In addition, it is critically important that any electronic permit system is secure and trustworthy. So, I was delighted to hear that the eCITES BaseSolution was developed jointly between CITES, UNCTAD, with the support of the Swiss and Sri Lankan Governments.
To-date, Sri Lanka is the only CITES signatory country to implement this system and this needs to change. Rolling out the eCITES BaseSolution over all 183 signatory parties will cost in the region of US$30 Million in total, with the first 20 signatories costing US$3 Million. For a legal trade worth over US$320 Billion annually, these roll-out costs are minimal.
Whilst wealthy countries should cover the cost themselves, donations should be made for developing countries to implement the eCITES BaseSolution; such donations can be made available via the World Bank's Global Wildlife Program.
As my local MP, I request that you seek support from our government and the responsible department to implement the eCITES BaseSolution not only in our own country, but across all CITES signatory parties by the next CITES Conference of the Parties, held in Costa Rica in 2022.
As part of this support, and to ensure that implementation occurs with the urgency needed – given an electronic permit system has been discussed for nearly a decade without any progress – any signatory party that refuses to implement the eCITES BaseSolution or wants to implement an electronic permit system of their own design, which is not considered to be as secure, and so is less trustworthy, must have trade restrictions imposed, this may take the form of reduced export and/or import quotas.
In not modernising this CITES permit and trade monitoring system in over 44 years, we as a signatory, have let down the world's precious wildlife and the natural world more broadly. This needs to change, urgently, by closing the loopholes that this obsolete permit system provides to traffickers.
I look forward to a response addressing the precise points raised above. Please note I am not interested in a response consisting of banal statements about the government's current commitment to tackling the illegal wildlife trade.
Please join us in this campaign by downloading the attached letter/email and sending it to your local MP. Please also feel free to download any of the images to embed in your letter. You might also want to download a copy of the ASYCUDA eCITES BaseSolution document, which is linked below, to send with your email/letter.
We are often asked by people "What is something I can do to help endangered species?". People feel overwhelmed by the scale and the complexity of the situation facing the natural world. Writing this email/letter to your local MP is something that can be done and can make a real difference. Urge your family and friends to send their own email/letter to their MPs. Many thanks


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Limited Liability Company Charging Orders Part II Charging Order Protections: Exclusivity, Foreclosure and Single Member LLCs
By msbabusiness Published April 2, 2015 Uncategorized
Limited Liability Company Charging Orders Part II
Charging Order Protections:
Exclusivity, Foreclosure and Single Member LLCs
Meredith Cipriano
With input from Clerkship Fellows
Under the auspices of John Orrick, Jr., Carmen Fonda and Marshall Paul
Charging orders have deep roots in English law and early American partnership laws. Despite the long established presence of charging orders in partnership law, such provisions have recently generated significant discussion in the context of the Limited Liability Company (LLC) framework. With the rise of the LLC in the 1990's, states passed LLC Acts that incorporated the charging order into these statutes. While state LLC laws are uniform in providing this creditor remedy, this is where much of the similarity ends. The most significant and noteworthy variances between states are provisions regarding the exclusivity of a charging order as the creditor's sole remedy, the ability of a creditor to foreclose on the charging order, and the application of charging order law to single-member LLCs. This article provides a survey of state LLC laws and the varying treatment of these three provisions of charging order protections.
Charging Order Purpose and Statutory Mechanism
Reflective of its roots in partnership law, the charging order is a statutory mechanism for judgment-creditors to reach the judgment-debtor's membership interest in an LLC. Charging orders allow the judgment-creditor to receive the judgment-debtor's distributions from the LLC until the judgment is satisfied. However, charging orders only convey the economic interest of the judgment-debtor to the judgment-creditor. The judgment-creditor has no management rights to the LLC and cannot force the LLC to make any distributions. Therefore, charging orders balance the competing interests of the judgment-creditor to collect on a judgment and the non-debtor members to choose with whom they will co-manage the business.
Generally, charging order statutes in most states provide that: 1) a court of competent jurisdiction, on application, may charge the debtor's transferable interest; 2) the court may appoint a receiver of the distributions due; 3) the creditor retains only the economic rights of the debtor's interest in the LLC, and not managerial rights;[1] and 4) the charging order does not accelerate any distributions or otherwise interfere with the management of the entity.[2] Although statutory language varies from state-to-state, these elements generally provide for the operation of this creditor remedy. Beyond these commonalities, state statutes vary in the rights of a creditor to foreclose on a charging order and whether the charging order serves as the exclusive remedy for the creditor. Whether or not and if so, the way these two elements are memorialized in the various statutes greatly impacts the judgment-creditor's ability to access any distributions to satisfy the judgment, and the judgment-debtor's ability to retain his economic interest in the LLC. Significantly, however, the treatment of these provisions as applied to Single Member LLCs (SMLLCs) are ambiguous as to their impact in light of recent court decisions.
Variances in State Statutes
Exclusivity or Sole Remedy
Thirty-six states explicitly declare the charging order to be the exclusive remedy of a judgment-creditor.[3] Fourteen states do not incorporate exclusivity language.[4] As case law has indicated, however, the silence of these fourteen states does not necessarily mean that the charging order is a non-exclusive remedy. This silence may create uncertainty, particularly in light of the relatively sparse case law on charging orders. Furthermore, some courts have determined that a charging order is not the exclusive remedy when applied against a debtor's interest in a SMLLC, as the policy rationale of charging orders is lost in the SMLLC context.[5] Absent statutory language regarding the exclusivity of the remedy, judgment-creditors may be entitled to foreclosure on the order or utilize other equitable remedies generally available to creditors under other provisions of law, such as fraudulent transfer and reverse veil piercing.
The ability to foreclose on a charging order provides an enhanced remedy for the judgment-creditor. If the LLC fails to make any distributions, then the charging order attached to the judgment-debtor's interest in the LLC is essentially worthless. Thus, some states explicitly allow a judgment-creditor to foreclose on a charging order if the judgment is unlikely to be satisfied. For example, California's LLC Act provides that "[u]pon a showing that distributions under a charging order will not pay the judgment debt within a reasonable time, [the court may] foreclose the lien and order the sale of the transferable interest.[6] Select states permit foreclosure of a charging order, but give members the ability to prohibit foreclosure through the operating agreement (as Maryland does.)[7] In contrast, some states affirmatively preclude the right of a judgment-creditor to foreclose on a charging order. Many of these states (including Delaware) reject the foreclosure remedy because they are attempting to be more "business friendly" or aligned with Delaware law.[8]
State LLC laws are quite varied regarding the foreclosure of a charging order lien. Fifteen states explicitly authorize the foreclosure of a charging order.[9] Alaska, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Maine, Michigan, New Hampshire, New Jersey, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming explicitly preclude foreclosure.[10] Twenty-one state LLC laws are silent as to the right of foreclosure.[11] However, out of these states the statutory silence in the laws of Virginia, and Nevada are distinguishable as each state recently amended its LLC statutes by deleting the right to foreclosure, whereas the other silent states never addressed the right to foreclosure in their LLC acts.
State legislatures are actively reviewing and reforming charging order protections under their LLC Acts. The status of laws in Minnesota and Alabama are changing over the next few years. Effective in 2018, Minnesota's LLC act will explicitly permit the right of a judgment-creditor to foreclose on a charging order, whereas in 2018, Alabama's law will expressly preclude this remedy.[12] In addition, Washington's legislature recently repealed proposed changes to their statute which would have allowed for foreclosure and made the charging order the exclusive remedy.[13]
Single-Member LLC
Charging orders developed in the context of the general partnerships, which require at least two partners. The policy rationale of charging orders was to protect both the partnership as an entity and the individual partners from interference by another partner's personal judgment-creditor. The SMLLC, however, creates significant challenges to the underlying rationale for the charging order because there is no potential that the charging order would affect the managing or economic interests of another member. Recently, courts have neglected to support the exclusivity of the charging order provisions in favor of allowing a judgment creditor to reach the partnership assets (including membership interests) of a SMLLC.
For example, the U.S. District Court in Kansas examined the scope of a charging order against a single-member LLC in Meyer v. Christie.[14] While the Kansas LLC Act provides that a charging order against a member's interest is the creditor's exclusive remedy,[15] the court found that, in the case of a SMLLC, the creditor could assert management rights and take control of the LLC. The court looked beyond the charging order statute and instead referenced a section of the Kansas LLC Act dealing with the assignments of LLC interests. From this section, the court held that "the assignee/creditor shall have the right to participate in the management of the business and affairs of the LLC as a member."[16] Consequently, the holder of a charging order against a sole member has managerial rights, enabling the holder to take over the LLC, make distributions to itself, or even liquidate the LLC.
Likewise, in Olmstead v. FTC, the Florida Supreme Court had to decide whether a charging order would be the sole remedy available to the creditor of a member of a Florida LLC.[17] At the time of the case, Florida LLC law governing charging orders was silent as to whether the charging order was the exclusive remedy of a judgment creditor.[18] After comparing Florida's limited liability company statute with the state's partnership act and limited partnership act, the Florida Supreme Court decided that the charging order was not the creditor's sole remedy.[19] That decision opened the door for the creditor to take possession of the member's LLC interest in his single-member LLC, and the possibility of a similar outcome in the context of multi-member LLCs.[20]
Currently, only Alaska, Delaware, Wyoming, Nevada, and South Dakota LLC laws specifically acknowledge the similar treatment of multiple-member LLCs and SMLLCs under their charging order provisions.[21] Florida and New Hampshire have statutes that enhance the right of creditors solely when holding an order against a SMLLC debtor's interest. In these states, while foreclosure is not a right available to the judgment-creditor of a debtor's interest in a multiple-member LLC, foreclosure is an affirmative remedy afforded to the judgment-creditors of debtor's interest in a SMLLC.[22] The silence of all other jurisdictions may present an ambiguous question as to whether the courts will favor of judgment-creditors attempting to reach a SMLLC, even when the charging order provisions include an exclusivity provision.
Maryland Law
The Maryland LLC Act was revised in 2011-2012 adding to the law that charging orders and foreclosure rights constitute the exclusive remedies by which a creditor can satisfy the debt of a debtor-member through the debtor-member's interest LLC.[23] It is important to note that though the recent amendments to the Maryland LLC Act afford creditors a right to foreclose on a charging order, Maryland law also permits members of an LLC to prohibit foreclosure by explicitly disallowing it in the LLC's operating agreement.[24] The Maryland statute does not address whether the charging order provisions apply uniformly to multiple-member LLCs and SMLLCs.
Although charging order protections have been a feature of American partnership law since the 1900's, there remains sparse authority on the application of charging orders in the LLC context. As examined, state statutes vary considerably in the extent of protection a charging order may provide to an LLC, a judgment-debtor, and a judgment-creditor. Moreover, they vary as well in whether the state treats the creditors of debtor member of a SMLLC the same as a debtor member of a multiple member LLCs. The varying statutory language combined with the sparse case law in this area creates many ambiguities of law. Most significantly, the application of charging order protections in the SMLCC context presents an area of uncertainty that state legislators and the judiciaries are just now beginning to interpret.
[1] Some state laws explicitly allow the purchaser of a charging order at a foreclosure sale to obtain the full membership interest rights, not just the economic interest, when the charging order is against a debtor who is the sole member of an LLC. E.g., Fla. Stat. Ann. § 608.426(6)(a)–(c) (West 2015); Utah Code Ann. § 48-2C-1103(2)(d) (West 2015).
[2] See generally Bishop, Carter G., Fifty State Series: LLC Charging Order Statute Table, Suffolk Univ. Law Sch., Research Paper No. 10-03 (Aug. 2014), available at http://ssrn.com/abstract=1542244.
[3] The thirty-six states that explicitly declare that charging orders are the exclusive remedies are as follows: Ala. Code § 10-A-5-6.05(a) (West 2015); Alaska Stat. § 10.50.380(c) (West 2015); Ariz. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 29-655(c) (West 2015); Cal. Corp. Code § 17705.03(f) (West 2015); Del. Code Ann. tit. 6, § 18-703(d) (West 2015); D.C. Code Ann. § 29-805.03(h) (West 2015); Fla. Stat. Ann. § 608.433(c)(5) (West 2015); Haw. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 428-504(e) (West 2015); Idaho Code Ann. § 30-6-503(7) (West 2015); 805 Ill. Comp. Stat. Ann. § 180/30-20(e) (West 2015); Iowa Code Ann. § 489.503(7) (West 2015); Kan. Stat. Ann. § 17-76, 113 (West 2015); Ky. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 275.260(1) (West 2015); Me. Rev. Stat. Ann. tit. 31 § 1573(7) (West 2015); Md. Code Ann., Corps. & Ass'ns § 4A-607(f) (West 2015); Mich. Comp. Laws § 450.4507(6) (West 2015); Minn. Stat. Ann. § 322B.32 (West 2015); Miss. Code Ann. § 79-29-705(3) (West 2015); Mont. Code Ann. § 35-8-705(5) (West 2015); Neb. Rev. Stat. § 21-142(g) (West 2015); Nev. Rev. Stat Ann. § 86.401(2)(a) (West 2015); N.H. Rev. Stat. § 304-C : 126(IV) (West 2015); N.J.S.A. 42:2B-45 (West 2014); N.C. Gen. Stat. § 57D-5-03(d) (West 2015); N.D. Cent. Code § 10-32-34(3) (West 2015); Ohio Rev. Code Ann. § 1705.19(B) (West 2015); Okla. Stat. tit. 18 § 2034 (West 2015); S.C. Code Ann. § 33-44-504(e) (West 2015); S.D. Codified Laws § 47-34A-504(e) (West 2015); T.C.A. § 48-249-509 (West 2015); Texas Bus. Orgs. Code Ann. § 101.112(d) (West 2015); Utah Code Ann. § 48-2c-1103(2)(5) (West 2015); Vt. Stat. Ann. tit, 11 § 3074(e) (West 2015); Va. Code Ann. § 13.1-1041.1(d) (West 2015); W. Va. Code Ann. § 31-B-5-504(e) (West 2015); Wyo. Stat. Ann. § 17-29-503(g) (West 2015).
[4] Ark. Code Ann. § 4-32-705 (West 2015); Colo. Rev. Stat. § 7-80-703 (West 2015); Conn. Gen. Stat. Ann. § 34-171 (West 2015); Ga. Code Ann. § 14-11-504 (West 2015) ; Ind. Code Ann. § 23-18-6-7 (West 2015); La. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 12:1331 (West 2015); Mass. Gen. Laws Ann. ch. 156C, § 40 (West 2015); Mo. Ann. Stat. § 347.119 (West 2015); N.M. Stat. § 53-19-35 (West 2015); N.Y. Ltd. Liab. Co. Law § 607 (West 2015); Or. Rev. Stat. § 63.259 (West 2015); R.I. Gen. Laws § 7-16-37 (West 2015); Wash. Rev. Code Ann. § 25.15.255 (West 2015); Wis. Stat. Ann. § 183.0705 (West 2015).
[5] In re Albright, 291 B.R. 538, 541 (Bankr. D. Colo. 2003).
However, the charging order, as set forth in Section 703 of the Colorado Limited
Liability Company Act, exists to protect other members of an LLC from having
involuntarily to share governance responsibilities with someone they did not choose,
or from having to accept a creditor of another member as a co-manager. A charging
order protects the autonomy of the original members, and their ability to manage their
own enterprise. In a single-member entity, there are no non-debtor members to protect.
The charging order limitation serves no purpose in a single member limited liability
company, because there are no other parties' interests affected."
[6] Cal. Corp. Code § 17705.03.
[7] See Md. Code Ann., Corps. & Ass'ns § 4A-607(c)(3)(i) ("Unless otherwise agreed, on a showing that the distributions under a charging order will not pay the amount owed to the creditor within a reasonable time, the court may order foreclosure of the economic interest subject to the charging order and order the sale of the economic interest of the debtor.").
[8] "The intent is to update Nevada's charging order protection laws that affect corporations, limited liabilities, and limited partnerships to make our laws as good as other states' laws including South Dakota, Wyoming, and Delaware . . . ." Minutes of the Meeting of the Assembly Committee on the Judiciary May 12, 2011, 76th Session, available at http://www.leg.state.nv.us/Session/76th2011/Minutes/Assembly/JUD/Final/1189.pdf.
[9] Cal. Corp. Code § 17705.03(b)(3); Colo. Rev. Stat. § 7-80-703; D.C. Code Ann. § 29-805.03(b)(c); Haw. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 428-504(b); Idaho Code Ann. § 30-6-503(3); 805 Ill. Comp. Stat. Ann § 180/30-20(b); Iowa Code Ann. § 489.503(3); Ky. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 275.260(4); Md. Code Ann., Corps. & Ass'ns § 4A-607(a)(3)(i)); Mont. Code Ann. § 35-8-705(3) ; Neb. Rev. Stat. § 21-142(c);S.C. Code Ann. § 33-44-504(b); Utah Code Ann. § 48-2c-1103(2)(b); Vt. Stat. Ann. tit, 11 § 3074(b); W. Va. Code Ann. § 31-B-5-504(b).
[10] Alaska Stat. § 10.50.380(c); Del. Code Ann. tit. 6, § 18-703(d); Fla. Stat. Ann. § 608.433(c)(8); Ga. Code Ann. § 14-11-504(b); Me. Rev. Stat. Ann. tit. 31 § 1573(3); Mich. Comp. Laws § 450.4507(5); N.H. Rev. Stat. § 304-C : 126(v)(a); N.J.S.A. 42:2B-45;Okla. Stat. tit. 18 § 2034; S.D. Codified Laws § 47-34A-504(e); Texas Bus. Orgs. Code Ann. § 101.112(c); Wyo. Stat. Ann. § 17-29-503 (2014).
[11] Ala. Code § 10-A-5-6.05; Ariz. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 29-655; Ark. Code Ann. § 4-32-705; Conn. Gen. Stat. Ann. § 34-171; Ind. Code Ann. § 23-18-6-7; Kan. Stat. Ann. § 17-76, 113; La. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 12:1331; Mass. Gen. Laws Ann. ch. 156C, § 40; Minn. Stat. Ann. § 322B.32; Mo. Ann. Stat. § 347.119; N.M. Stat. § 53-19-35; N.Y. Ltd. Liab. Co. Law § 607; N.C. Gen. Stat. § 57D-5-03; Ohio Rev. Code Ann. § 1705.19; R.I. Gen. Laws § 7-16-37;T.C.A. § 48-249-509; Wash. Rev. Code Ann. § 25.15.255; Miss. Code Ann. § 79-29-705; N.D. Cent. Code § 10-32-34; Or. Rev. Stat. § 63.259; Wis. Stat. Ann. § 183.0705.
[12] H.F. 977, 88th Leg., (MN 2014); HB 2, Act No. 2014-144 (Ala. 2014).
[13] 2015 Washington Senate Bill No. 5030.
[14] Meyer v. Christie, No. 07-2230-CM, 2011 WL 4857905 (D. Kan. Oct. 13, 2011).,
[15] "The KRLLCA makes clear that the charging order is the only remedy by which a judgment creditor of a member can reach the member's interest in the LLC." Id. at 3.
[17] Olmstead v. FTC, 44 So. 3d 76 (2010).
[18] Id. at 82.
[19] "The Legislature has shown—in both the partnership statute and the limited partnership statute—that it knows how to make clear that a charging order remedy is an exclusive remedy. The existence of the express exclusive-remedy provisions in the partnership and limited partnership statutes therefore decisively undermines the appellants' argument that the charging order provision of the LLC Act—which does not contain such an exclusive remedy provision—should be read to displace the remedy available under section 56.061." Id.
[20] The dissent strongly criticized the majority for unnecessarily re-writing the LLC charging order statute and consequently creating a hostile environment for LLCs in Florida.
An adequate remedy is available without the extreme step taken by the majority
in rewriting the plain and unambiguous language of a statute. This is extremely important
and has far-reaching impact because the principles used to ignore the LLC statutory language
under the current factual circumstances apply with equal force to multimember LLC entities
and, in essence, today's decision crushes a very important element for all LLCs in Florida.
If the remedies available under the LLC Act do not apply here because the phrase "exclusive
remedy" is not present, the same theories apply to multimember LLCs and render the assets
of all LLCs vulnerable.
Id. at 84 (Lewis, J., dissenting).
[21] Alaska Stat. § 10.50.380 (West 2015); Del. Code Ann. tit. 6, § 18-703 (West 2015); Nev. Rev. Stat. § 86.401(2)(a) (West 2015); S.D. Codified Laws § 47-34A-504 (West 2015); Wyo. Stat. Ann. § 17-29-503(g) (West 2015).
[22] Fla. Stat. Ann. § 608.433(5)–(6) (West 2015); N.H. Rev. Stat. Ann § 304-C : 126(IV)–(VI)(a) (West 2015).
[23] Md. Code Ann., Corps. & Ass'ns § 4A-607 (West 2015)
[24] § 4A-607(c)(3).
Limited Liability Company Charging Orders Part I: Implications of Recent Maryland Amendments and Policy Ramifications
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Q: Google Cloud compute VM Linux - which characteristics for 20 students with remote desktop I have 20 students and instead of installing Linux on each computer in the school, I would like to use Google Cloud (Linux compute engine) with xrdp and remote desktop (each student connect to Linux from a Windows computer thanks to remote desktop).
The problem is that I don't know which parameters I should select in the Google Cloud calculator (https://cloud.google.com/products/calculator/) for 20 students working at the same time.
Anyone ever tried to do the same thing?

A: Regarding this that option is not considered in the calculator since you don't be charged on the amount of users allowed. The VM instance is charged on a basis of how much resources in regards to CPU, Mem and Storage will be used with the VM instance [1].
In windows VM instances by default the limit is 2 unless you acquire CAL license to increase the number of concurrent connections. However if you going to use linux VM instances that limit is not set by default or to be more properly will be the limit is determined by the sshd_config file, where you can change it too. I would like to mention that the limit in linux could be affected by the resources, I mean depending on the amount of users, you have to increase the resources of the VM instance (vCPUs and Mem for example), thus this will directly affect the cost of the desired VM instance deployed in GCP.
Most likely, if there is someone else who has tried or is currently using it. In my personal, I did already try to do similar situation with 15 concurrent users and all were working fine. You can try starting looking carefully on what are going to need (the students) to decide the machine type or to test with the lowest configuration possible and scale up depending on the behavior shown.
[1] https://cloud.google.com/compute/vm-instance-pricing

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Trechterspinnen (Agelenidae) zijn een familie van spinnen die wereldwijd worden vertegenwoordigd door 514 soorten in 42 geslachten. In Nederland en België komen 14 soorten voor.

De naam slaat op de vorm van het web, althans van een aantal soorten. In het Duits heten ze 'Trichterspinnen'; in het Engels wordt met 'funnel-web spiders' een geheel andere groep van Mygalomorpha bedoeld en worden de Agelenidae vaak 'cob-web spiders' genoemd of 'Araneomorph funnel-web spider'.

De bekende grote harige huisspin (Tegenaria atrica, vermoedelijk de hier afgebeelde soort) die weleens in de badkuip zit hoort tot deze familie. Zij kruipt overigens niet uit de afvoer, maar valt er in en kan er dan niet meer uitklimmen.

Soorten
Voor een overzicht van alle trechterspinnen zie de lijst van trechterspinnen.

Kenmerken
Deze spinnen hebben een slank achterlijf met donkere banden, chevronstrepen en stippen. Ze hebben lange, harige poten en 8 ogen. Het lichaam bevat kleine, geveerde haartjes. De lichaamslengte varieert van 0,6 tot 2 cm.

Leefwijze
Ze maken een horizontaal, slordig geweven web, dat aan een der zijden een buisvormige vluchtweg bevat. Om hun jongen te voeden, braken de vrouwtjes voedsel op. Bij sommige soorten betekent de dood van de moeder voedsel voor de kleine spinnetjes.

Verspreiding en leefgebied
Deze familie komt wereldwijd voor in hooilanden, tuinen, struikgewas, huizen, op steenhopen en muren.

Taxonomie
De familie kent de volgende geslachten:
 Acutipetala Dankittipakul & Zhang, 2008
 Agelena Walckenaer, 1805
 Agelenella Lehtinen, 1967
 Agelenopsis Giebel, 1869
 Ageleradix Xu & Li, 2007
 Agelescape Levy, 1996
 Ahua Forster & Wilton, 1973
 Allagelena Zhang, Zhu & Song, 2006
 Azerithonica Guseinov, Marusik & Koponen, 2005
 Barronopsis Chamberlin & Ivie, 1941
 Benoitia Lehtinen, 1967
 Calilena Chamberlin & Ivie, 1941
 Hadites Keyserling, 1862
 Histopona Thorell, 1869
 Hololena Chamberlin & Gertsch, 1929
 Huangyuania Song & Li, 1990
 Huka Forster & Wilton, 1973
 Kidugua Lehtinen, 1967
 Lycosoides Lucas, 1846
 Mahura Forster & Wilton, 1973
 Maimuna Lehtinen, 1967
 Malthonica Simon, 1898
 Melpomene O. P-Cambridge, 1898
 Mistaria Lehtinen, 1967
 Neoramia Forster & Wilton, 1973
 Neorepukia Forster & Wilton, 1973
 Neotegenaria Roth, 1967
 Novalena Chamberlin & Ivie, 1942
 Olorunia Lehtinen, 1967
 Oramia Forster, 1964
 Oramiella Forster & Wilton, 1973
 Orepukia Forster & Wilton, 1973
 Paramyro Forster & Wilton, 1973
 Porotaka Forster & Wilton, 1973
 Pseudotegenaria Caporiacco, 1934
 Rualena Chamberlin & Ivie, 1942
 Tararua Forster & Wilton, 1973
 Tegenaria Latreille, 1804
 Textrix Sundevall, 1833
 Tikaderia Lehtinen, 1967
 Tortolena Chamberlin & Ivie, 1941
 Tuapoka Forster & Wilton, 1973

Soorten die voorkomen in Nederland
De volgende trechterspinsoorten zijn inheems/exoot in Nederland en België:

 Agelena labyrinthica (Gewone doolhofspin)
 Allagelena gracilens (Kleine doolhofspin)
 Histopona torpida (Slanke bostrechterspin)
 Tegenaria agrestis (Veldtrechterspin)
 Tegenaria atrica (Gewone huisspin)
 Tegenaria domestica (Grijze huisspin)
 Tegenaria ferruginea (Bonte trechterspin)
 Tegenaria pagana (Zuidelijke huisspin)
 Tegenaria parietina (Grote huisspin)
 Tegenaria picta (Spiraaltrechterspin)
 Tegenaria saeva (Blackwalls huisspin)
 Tegenaria silvestris (Steentrechterspin)
 Textrix caudata (Zwarte Staartspin) (alleen in België)
 Textrix denticulata (Gewone staartspin)


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New PSNI chief constable does not have to be a UK citizen: DoJ
Colin Cramphorn moved from England to become the first of many non-Northern Irish heads of the PSNI - but could a new chief be from outside the UK altogether?
Published: 07:00 Thursday 31 January 2019
The Department of Justice (DoJ) has confirmed that whoever takes over from George Hamilton as chief of the PSNI does not have to be a UK citizen.
It also confirmed that they could have served their entire career outside the PSNI – opening the possibility that the job could be taken by law enforcement officers not just from An Garda Siochana but from anywhere in the world.
The DoJ has told the News Letter that whilst UK citizenship is not a requirement, "in line with the legislation in respect of qualification for appointment if not an EU citizen, they should have leave to enter or remain in the UK".
Mr Hamilton retires at the end of June.
Since the PSNI was brought into being in 2001, three of the six people to have held its top leadership position were from outside Northern Ireland, but none were from outside the UK.
The first was Englishman Colin Cramphorn, who briefly acted as Sir Ronnie Flanagan's replacement for several months in 2002. Then fellow English officers Hugh Orde and Matt Baggott held the reins from 2002-2009, and 2014-2019 respectively.
Asked specifically about the idea of the new chief constable coming from a Garda Siochana background by the News Letter this week, Joanne Bunting (DUP MLA for East Belfast), a newly appointed member of the Policing Board she said: "What I'm interested in is getting the right fit for Northern Ireland.
"Somebody who can take forward George's work and build on that. So where that person comes from is somewhat immaterial. The issue is that they will be entirely focused on what's good and right and the best for policing in Northern Ireland...
"Where that person is from is kind of secondary. The issue here is who is the right fit for Northern Ireland."
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As the Greater Houston area's ethnic makeup changes, so have residents' attitudes toward diversity and the relationships between different groups. The 2017 Kinder Houston Area Survey, produced by Rice University's Kinder Institute of Urban Research, found that as the Anglo population declined nationwide, growth in Houston since the 1980s came not from Anglos but from influxes of African Americans and Latinos.
Using a random sample of 1,629 respondents from Harris, Fort Bend and Montgomery counties, the 36-year survey asked questions regarding residents' races, opinions on immigration, their educational attainment, their preference for walkable communities and fear of crime.
Klineberg presented the results Thursday in what he said continues to be the most diverse county in America: Fort Bend County. It is the closest county on record to having an equal number of the four major ethnic groups, he said.
"Fort Bend County today is 20 percent Asian, 24 percent Latino, 21 percent African American, 34 percent Anglo," he said.
Results from the survey indicated that perceptions of immigration and interracial relationships changed as residents aged. Although 65 percent of people in Harris County from 2016-2017 felt that immigration strengthens American culture rather than hurts it, between 2011 and 2017, 67 percent of Harris County millennials — aged 25-35 — felt this way compared to 45 percent of baby boomers — aged 53-71.
After more than three decades of sharing the survey's results, Klineberg said he hopes they can be a catalyst for informed decision-making in the Greater Houston area. He said more needs to be done academically to prepare a growing workforce.
For the formal 2017 survey results, go to the Kinder Institute For Urban Research's website.