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Chris Brown Wins Big at the 2020 "Soul Train Awards" Hosted by Tisha Campbell and Tichina Arnold
Posted by southernlaced on November 29, 2020 December 29, 2020
Young Thug and H.E.R. Also Bring Home Top Honors
The Award Show Featured Performances by Lady of Soul Honoree Monica, Brandy, Ella Mai, Jazmine Sullivan, Snoh Aalegra and CeeLo Green With Duets by Charlie Wilson & Smokey Robinson and Lucky Daye & Babyface
NEW YORK–(BUSINESS WIRE)–The 2020 "Soul Train Awards" celebrated the best in soul, R&B and hip hop by highlighting both living legends and breakout stars with unrivaled musical moments and show-stopping performances. The awards show, which aired this evening, November 29, 2020 at 8 PM EST on BET, BET Her, VH1 and MTV2 was hosted by the iconic best friend duo Tisha Campbell and Tichina Arnold, who also brought their chemistry to the stage as the show's opening musical acts.
LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA – NOVEMBER 29: LOS ANGELES, CA – NOVEMBER 29: In this image released on November 29th, Tichina Arnold attends the 2020 Soul Train Awards presented by BET. (Photo by Leon Bennett/STA 2020/Getty Images for BET)
LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA – NOVEMBER 29: LOS ANGELES, CA – NOVEMBER 29: In this image released on November 29th, Tisha Campbell and Tichina Arnold attend the 2020 Soul Train Awards presented by BET. (Photo by Leon Bennett/STA 2020/Getty Images for BET)
LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA – NOVEMBER 29: LOS ANGELES, CA – NOVEMBER 29: In this image released on November 29th, Tisha Campbell attends the 2020 Soul Train Awards presented by BET. (Photo by Leon Bennett/STA 2020/Getty Images for BET)
LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA – NOVEMBER 29: LOS ANGELES, CA – NOVEMBER 29: In this image released on November 29th, Nicco Annan and Brandee Evans attend the 2020 Soul Train Awards presented by BET. (Photo by Leon Bennett/STA 2020/Getty Images for BET)
LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA – NOVEMBER 29: LOS ANGELES, CA – NOVEMBER 29: In this image released on November 29th, Nicco Annan attends the 2020 Soul Train Awards presented by BET. (Photo by Leon Bennett/STA 2020/Getty Images for BET)
LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA – NOVEMBER 29: LOS ANGELES, CA – NOVEMBER 29: In this image released on November 29th, Brandee Evans attends the 2020 Soul Train Awards presented by BET. (Photo by Leon Bennett/STA 2020/Getty Images for BET)
LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA – NOVEMBER 29: LOS ANGELES, CA – NOVEMBER 29: In this image released on November 29th, Brandy attends the 2020 Soul Train Awards presented by BET. (Photo by Leon Bennett/STA 2020/Getty Images for BET)
LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA – NOVEMBER 29: LOS ANGELES, CA – NOVEMBER 29: In this image released on November 29th, Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis attend the 2020 Soul Train Awards presented by BET. (Photo by Leon Bennett/STA 2020/Getty Images for BET)
LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA – NOVEMBER 29: LOS ANGELES, CA – NOVEMBER 29: In this image released on November 29th, Babyface attends the 2020 Soul Train Awards presented by BET. (Photo by Leon Bennett/STA 2020/Getty Images for BET)
LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA – NOVEMBER 29: LOS ANGELES, CA – NOVEMBER 29: In this image released on November 29th, Andra Day attends the 2020 Soul Train Awards presented by BET. (Photo by Leon Bennett/STA 2020/Getty Images for BET)
LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA – NOVEMBER 29: LOS ANGELES, CA – NOVEMBER 29: In this image released on November 29th, Moses Sumney attends the 2020 Soul Train Awards presented by BET. (Photo by Leon Bennett/STA 2020/Getty Images for BET)
LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA – NOVEMBER 29: LOS ANGELES, CA – NOVEMBER 29: In this image released on November 29th, Ella Nicole attends the 2020 Soul Train Awards presented by BET. (Photo by Leon Bennett/STA 2020/Getty Images for BET)
LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA – NOVEMBER 29: LOS ANGELES, CA – NOVEMBER 29: In this image released on November 29th, Charlie Wilson attends the 2020 Soul Train Awards presented by BET. (Photo by Leon Bennett/STA 2020/Getty Images for BET)
LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA – NOVEMBER 29: LOS ANGELES, CA – NOVEMBER 29: In this image released on November 29th, Smokey Robinson attends the 2020 Soul Train Awards presented by BET. (Photo by Leon Bennett/STA 2020/Getty Images for BET)
LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA – NOVEMBER 29: LOS ANGELES, CA – NOVEMBER 29: In this image released on November 29th, CeeLo Green attends the 2020 Soul Train Awards presented by BET. (Photo by Leon Bennett/STA 2020/Getty Images for BET)
LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA – NOVEMBER 29: LOS ANGELES, CA – NOVEMBER 29: In this image released on November 29th, Shanice attends the 2020 Soul Train Awards presented by BET. (Photo by Leon Bennett/STA 2020/Getty Images for BET)
LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA – NOVEMBER 29: LOS ANGELES, CA – NOVEMBER 29: In this image released on November 29th, Chanté Moore attends the 2020 Soul Train Awards presented by BET. (Photo by Leon Bennett/STA 2020/Getty Images for BET)
LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA – NOVEMBER 29: LOS ANGELES, CA – NOVEMBER 29: In this image released on November 29th, Stokley Williams attends the 2020 Soul Train Awards presented by BET. (Photo by Leon Bennett/STA 2020/Getty Images for BET)
LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA – NOVEMBER 29: LOS ANGELES, CA – NOVEMBER 29: In this image released on November 29th, (L-R) Chanté Moore, Stokley Williams and Shanice attends the 2020 Soul Train Awards presented by BET. (Photo by Leon Bennett/STA 2020/Getty Images for BET)
Chris Brown led the pack as the evening's most awarded artist, dominating in four categories including Best R&B/Soul Male Artist and the shared honors of Song of the Year, Best Dance Performance and Best Collaboration with Young Thug for their hit "Go Crazy." H.E.R. followed closely with two awards: Best R&B/Soul Female Artist and The Ashford & Simpson Songwriter's Award for "I Can't Breathe.
Honoring artists across 12 categories, the 2020 "SOUL TRAIN AWARDS" also recognized Summer Walker (Album of the Year), Megan Thee Stallion (Rhythm & Beats Award), Brandy (Soul Train Certified), Beyoncé, Blue Ivy, Saint Jhn & Wizkid (Video of the Year), Snoh Aalegra (Best New Artist) and Kirk Franklin (Best Gospel/Inspirational Award) for their special contributions to the genre.
LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA – NOVEMBER 29: LOS ANGELES, CA – NOVEMBER 29: In this image released on November 29th, Tichina Arnold and Tisha Campbell perform during the 2020 Soul Train Awards presented by BET. (Photo by Leon Bennett/STA 2020/Getty Images for BET)
LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA – NOVEMBER 29: LOS ANGELES, CA – NOVEMBER 29: In this image released on November 29th, Tichina Arnold, Saniya Antoinette Lane and Tisha Campbell attend the 2020 Soul Train Awards presented by BET. (Photo by Leon Bennett/STA 2020/Getty Images for BET)
LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA – NOVEMBER 29: LOS ANGELES, CA – NOVEMBER 29: In this image released on November 29th, Tisha Campbell performs during the 2020 Soul Train Awards presented by BET. (Photo by Leon Bennett/STA 2020/Getty Images for BET)
LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA – NOVEMBER 29: LOS ANGELES, CA – NOVEMBER 29: In this image released on November 29th, Tichina Arnold and Tisha Campbell attend the 2020 Soul Train Awards presented by BET. (Photo by Leon Bennett/STA 2020/Getty Images for BET)
LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA – NOVEMBER 29: LOS ANGELES, CA – NOVEMBER 29: In this image released on November 29th, Tichina Arnold performs during the 2020 Soul Train Awards presented by BET. (Photo by Leon Bennett/STA 2020/Getty Images for BET)
LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA – NOVEMBER 29: LOS ANGELES, CA – NOVEMBER 29: In this image released on November 29th, Tichina Arnold and Tisha Campbell speak during the 2020 Soul Train Awards presented by BET. (Photo by Leon Bennett/STA 2020/Getty Images for BET)
LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA – NOVEMBER 29: LOS ANGELES, CA – NOVEMBER 29: In this image released on November 29th, Brandee Evans and Nicco Annan speaks during the 2020 Soul Train Awards presented by BET. (Photo by Leon Bennett/STA 2020/Getty Images for BET)
LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA – NOVEMBER 29: LOS ANGELES, CA – NOVEMBER 29: In this image released on November 29th, Brandy speaks during the 2020 Soul Train Awards presented by BET. (Photo by Leon Bennett/STA 2020/Getty Images for BET)
LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA – NOVEMBER 29: LOS ANGELES, CA – NOVEMBER 29: In this image released on November 29th, Tisha Campbell and Tichina Arnold speak during the 2020 Soul Train Awards presented by BET. (Photo by Leon Bennett/STA 2020/Getty Images for BET)
LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA – NOVEMBER 29: LOS ANGELES, CA – NOVEMBER 29: In this image released on November 29th, Ella Mai attends the 2020 Soul Train Awards presented by BET. (Photo by Leon Bennett/STA 2020/Getty Images for BET)
LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA – NOVEMBER 29: LOS ANGELES, CA – NOVEMBER 29: In this image released on November 29th, Brandy performs during the 2020 Soul Train Awards presented by BET. (Photo by Leon Bennett/STA 2020/Getty Images for BET)
LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA – NOVEMBER 29: LOS ANGELES, CA – NOVEMBER 29: In this image released on November 29th, Tisha Campbell and Tichina Arnold perform during the 2020 Soul Train Awards presented by BET. (Photo by Leon Bennett/STA 2020/Getty Images for BET)
LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA – NOVEMBER 29: LOS ANGELES, CA – NOVEMBER 29: EDITORIAL USE ONLY. In this screengrab released on November 29th, Jazmine Sullivan performs during the 2020 Soul Train Awards presented by BET. (Photo by 2020 Soul Train Awards/via Getty Images)
LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA – NOVEMBER 29: LOS ANGELES, CA – NOVEMBER 29: EDITORIAL USE ONLY. In this screengrab released on November 29th, Tessa Thompson and Nnamdi Asomugha speak at the 2020 Soul Train Awards presented by BET. (Photo by 2020 Soul Train Awards/via Getty Images)
LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA – NOVEMBER 29: LOS ANGELES, CA – NOVEMBER 29: EDITORIAL USE ONLY. In this screengrab released on November 29th, Kirk Franklin attends the 2020 Soul Train Awards presented by BET. (Photo by 2020 Soul Train Awards/via Getty Images)
LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA – NOVEMBER 29: LOS ANGELES, CA – NOVEMBER 29: In this image released on November 29th, Andra Day speaks during the 2020 Soul Train Awards presented by BET. (Photo by Leon Bennett/STA 2020/Getty Images for BET)
LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA – NOVEMBER 29: LOS ANGELES, CA – NOVEMBER 29: In this image released on November 29th, Moses Sumney performs at the 2020 Soul Train Awards presented by BET. (Photo by Leon Bennett/STA 2020/Getty Images for BET)
LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA – NOVEMBER 29: LOS ANGELES, CA – NOVEMBER 29: In this image released on November 29th, DJ Cassidy attends the 2020 Soul Train Awards presented by BET. (Photo by Leon Bennett/STA 2020/Getty Images for BET)
LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA – NOVEMBER 29: LOS ANGELES, CA – NOVEMBER 29: In this image released on November 29th, Deon Cole speaks during the 2020 Soul Train Awards presented by BET. (Photo by Leon Bennett/STA 2020/Getty Images for BET)
LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA – NOVEMBER 29: LOS ANGELES, CA – NOVEMBER 29: In this image released on November 29th, Shanice performs during the 2020 Soul Train Awards presented by BET. (Photo by Leon Bennett/STA 2020/Getty Images for BET)
LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA – NOVEMBER 29: LOS ANGELES, CA – NOVEMBER 29: In this image released on November 29th, Stokley Williams performs during the 2020 Soul Train Awards presented by BET. (Photo by Leon Bennett/STA 2020/Getty Images for BET)
LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA – NOVEMBER 29: LOS ANGELES, CA – NOVEMBER 29: In this image released on November 29th, Chanté Moore, PJ Morton, Stokley Williams and Shanice perform during the 2020 Soul Train Awards presented by BET. (Photo by Leon Bennett/STA 2020/Getty Images for BET)
LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA – NOVEMBER 29: LOS ANGELES, CA – NOVEMBER 29: In this image released on November 29th, Chanté Moore, PJ Morton, Stokley Williams and Shanice attend the 2020 Soul Train Awards presented by BET. (Photo by Leon Bennett/STA 2020/Getty Images for BET)
LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA – NOVEMBER 29: LOS ANGELES, CA – NOVEMBER 29: In this image released on November 29th, PJ Morton performs at the 2020 Soul Train Awards presented by BET. (Photo by Leon Bennett/STA 2020/Getty Images for BET)
LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA – NOVEMBER 29: LOS ANGELES, CA – NOVEMBER 29: In this image released on November 29th, Chanté Moore performs during the 2020 Soul Train Awards presented by BET. (Photo by Leon Bennett/STA 2020/Getty Images for BET)
LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA – NOVEMBER 29: LOS ANGELES, CA – NOVEMBER 29: In this image released on November 29th, Terry Lewis and Jimmy Jam attend the 2020 Soul Train Awards presented by BET. (Photo by Leon Bennett/STA 2020/Getty Images for BET)
LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA – NOVEMBER 29: LOS ANGELES, CA – NOVEMBER 29: In this image released on November 29th, Lucky Daye and Babyface perform during the 2020 Soul Train Awards presented by BET. (Photo by Leon Bennett/STA 2020/Getty Images for BET)
LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA – NOVEMBER 29: LOS ANGELES, CA – NOVEMBER 29: In this image released on November 29th, Lucky Daye performs during the 2020 Soul Train Awards presented by BET. (Photo by Leon Bennett/STA 2020/Getty Images for BET)
LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA – NOVEMBER 29: LOS ANGELES, CA – NOVEMBER 29: In this image released on November 29th, Babyface performs during the 2020 Soul Train Awards presented by BET. (Photo by Leon Bennett/STA 2020/Getty Images for BET)
LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA – NOVEMBER 29: LOS ANGELES, CA – NOVEMBER 29: In this image released on November 29th, Babyface and Lucky Daye perform during the 2020 Soul Train Awards presented by BET. (Photo by Leon Bennett/STA 2020/Getty Images for BET)
The hosts kicked things off with an electrifying song and dance tribute to the power of Black women. Brandy performed a medley of her recent hits "Say Something" and "Boderline." Ella Mai sang her latest single "Not Another Love Song." Lucky Daye shut the stage down with Babyface for a performance of their new collaboration "Shoulda." Charlie Wilsonperformed a duet with Smokey Robinson before honoring the memory of gospel legend Rance Allen with a rousing tribute. Additional performers included Jazmine Sullivan, Snoh Aalegra and CeeLo Green. After accepting the Lady of Soul Award, Monicabrought down the house with a jam-packed performance of her chart-topping hits.
In addition to electrifying performances, this year's highly anticipated Soul Cypher featured R&B stars PJ Morton, Chanté Moore, Shanice and Stokely. Ella Nicole and Moses Sumney took the BET Amplified Music Stage, a platform for emerging artists. Presenters included Andra Day, Tessa Thompson, Nnamdi Asomugha, Deon Cole, Nicco Annan, Dallas Austin, Jermaine Dupri and Brandee Evans.
The full winners list for 2020 "SOUL TRAIN AWARDS" is below:
2020 "SOUL TRAIN AWARDS" WINNERS
Best New Artist – Snoh Aalegra
Soul Train Certified Award –Brandy
Best R&B/Soul Male Artist – Chris Brown
Best R&B/Soul Female Artist – H.E.R.
Video of the Year – Beyoncé, Blue Ivy, Saint Jhn & Wizkid "Brown Skin Girl"
Best Gospel/Inspirational Award – Kirk Franklin
Album of the Year – Summer Walker "Over It"
Rhythm & Bars Award – Megan Thee Stallion "Savage"
Song of the Year – Chris Brown & Young Thug "Go Crazy"
The Ashford & Simpson Songwriter's Award – "I Can't Breathe," Written by H.E.R.
Best Dance Performance – Chris Brown & Young Thug "Go Crazy"
Best Collaboration Performance – Chris Brown & Young Thug "Go Crazy"
Connie Orlando, EVP Specials, Music Programming & Music Strategy at BET, along with Jesse Collins, CEO of Jesse Collins Entertainment (JCE), and JCE's Jeannae Rouzan–Clay and Dionne Harmon will Executive Produce the 2020 "SOUL TRAIN AWARDS."
For show information, please visit BET.com/SoulTrain, the official site for 2020 "SOUL TRAIN AWARDS."
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What are the requirements & common terms and conditions by top pharma companies for franchise distributors?
Herbal Products For PCD Franchise Distribution and Marketing at Monopoly Rights !
What is Pharma Franchise? Procedure to become Franchise. How does Pharma Franchise/pcd business works?
Which one is Better between Own Marketing Company and Franchise Marketing?


Bring flowers to Thanksgiving dinner. Flowers For The Four Seasons has traditional Thanksgiving centerpieces or modern arrangements for a fun surprise. Flowers For The Four Seasons can deliver locally to King George, VA or nationwide!!


Ok, so how did I arrive at this conclusion? String theory predicts 10 or 11 dimensions, while thought theory explains that there must be 12 dimensions. So what's going on?
First of all, let me explain what a dimension is: a dimension is a fundamental property of matter. Each bit of matter in the universe has a length, width, depth, and [footprint in] time. These 4 dimensions, commonly known as SpaceTime, are the most basic physical properties of matter. Instead of calling them properties, we call them 'dimensions' – it makes them sound more important.
It turns out that matter also has other important properties. For example, all bits of matter vibrate in SpaceTime. Therefore, every single bit of matter in the physical universe has a height, width, length, time, AND it vibrates. However, physicists do not refer to their vibrating properties as dimensions.
To reveal a 12-dimensional space, that I call mindspace, I have to dimensionalize the 4 properties of vibrating matter: period, amplitude, wavelength, and frequency.
These 4 distinct properties of vibration, are crucial in calculating probabilistic events in both classical and quantum mechanics (especially regarding the wave-particle duality).
Together, the physical and wave properties of matter account for 8 mindspace dimensions.
Now, to explain the last 4 properties of matter.
In quantum theory, everything is describable by a wavefunction.
However, a wavefunction does not actually exist.
It is a completely abstract device to explain matter in a quantum mechanical way. There isn't a way to verify its existence – it just works. It is only an equation, assembled using an assortment of letters, numbers, shapes, and meanings that precisely equals the expected behaviour of quanta (bits of matter).
Because the wavefunction contains letters, numbers, shapes, and meanings, the properties of matter must also include letters, numbers, shapes and meanings! Right?!
I'll also explain it differently: every object around us is an arrangement of matter. Each arrangement can only be understood as a series of words, numbers, and other meaningful patterns.
We can count how many chairs are in a room. We can associate a chair with a price. We can write the word chair with 5 letters, and we can describe a chair as something that is sat on. These are the intelligence dimensions of matter at work.
I believe that our brains did not create the concepts of letters, numbers, shapes, and meanings – these are unavoidable dimensions of the universe.
Everything in the Universe is always framed by the 12 dimensions of mindspace.
…and once matter is described in 12 dimensions, we're no longer referring to matter, but instead we're referring to symbols.
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Expanding your business to Asia-Pacific markets can be a bit more work but profitable! There's high demand in China for foreign goods yet the obstacles of getting there might cause some merchants to think twice -- but no more. Right now is the perfect time to look at Hong Kong fulfillment to get your foot (and products) through the door to China. Here are 5 reasons why you shouldn't miss out.


Clients must be 16 years or older to attend class. If under 18 you must have a release form signed by a parent or guardian.
Wear fitted comfortable clothes that allows your body to move and it's the easiest way for our instructors to focus on your form.
For Cycle and Combo classes, please make sure to bring your own Spin shoes with SPD cleat, or Sneakers. You will also want to bring a towel and water bottle. We have complimentary Flowater.
No cell phones during class, please be considerate of others.
Class times and instructors are subject to change without notice.
Please understand that if you are on a waitlist, your name could be added to the class at anytime. If you can no longer make this class please call us 714-307-9761 and leave a voicemail. Otherwise, if you do not show up you will be marked as a no show and incur a fee & lose a session.
Classes can be cancelled free of charge if they are cancelled 10 or more hours before the scheduled class time.
If you cancel within 10 hours of the scheduled class time, a Late Cancel fee of $10.00 will be charged.
A No Show Fee of $15 will be charged per class, if no notice is given.


Brik pastry is a paper-thin north African pastry similar to filo. Find it in Waitrose, Ocado and Middle Eastern shops. It's easier for kids to work with, but if you can't find it, use filo pastry. You'll need to help the kids work fast as filo becomes brittle quickly. Keep sheets that aren't being used under a damp cloth to stop them drying out.
Heat oven to 200C/180C fan/gas 6. Before you get the kids cooking, put the noodles, vegetables, prawns and chicken in individual bowls for everyone to help themselves. Wash hands, put aprons on, sit the kids down and give them their own mixing bowl and spoon. Let them choose which ingredients they want (noodles are essential) in their rolls and if they want to graze as they choose, that's fine – all the ingredients are cooked or can be eaten raw. Add a bit of garlic and ginger, a tiny dash of soy and sprinkling of five-spice to each bowl and let them mix everything together.
Push the bowl aside and lay a sheet of pastry in front of each child. Ask them to spoon the filling down one side of each sheet then give them the beaten egg and a brush so they can brush around the edges. Then help them to roll them up neatly by folding both sides over the filling, then rolling them up.
Lift the spring rolls onto a baking tray, seam side down, brush with a little more egg and sprinkle with sesame seeds, if you want. Try to remember which child made which roll to save any arguments at the end! Bake the rolls for 20-25 mins or until golden.
While the rolls are in the oven, make the dipping sauce. Get the kids to mix all the ingredients together until the sugar has dissolved. When the spring rolls are golden and crisp, remove from the oven. Leave until cool enough to handle, cut into pieces for smaller kids, then let them eat, dipping the rolls into the sauce.


text:
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Council Set to Vote Down Mayor in Battle Over Shaw Junior High Site
Shaw residents want a new middle school, but Banneker High needs a new facility. It has become the latest fight over race and gentrification.
by Hamil R. Harris May 14th, 2019 August 28th, 2020
Credit: Darrow Montgomery
Despite an intense lobbying effort by students and teachers from Benjamin Banneker Academic High School, the Council is poised to vote against Mayor Muriel Bowser's proposal to build a new building for Banneker on the site that used be Shaw Junior High School.
The fight over the old Shaw Junior High site is intense. On the one side, Banneker families and teachers want a new, expanded facility for their high-performing, majority-black and Latino school. On the other side, Shaw residents want to see that same site rebuilt and reopened as a middle school so that their children can attend a neighborhood school.
The land that both sides want, at 10th Street and Rhode Island Avenue NW, has its own history. The now-vacant Shaw Junior High was, for decades, an extraordinary black school in the heart of Chocolate City. Its longtime principal, Dr. Percy Ellis, was able to keep drugs and violence out so that his students had the chance to flourish. Its marching band was locally famous and nationally known.
The debate over the Shaw school site is the latest battle in the war for the cultural soul of the Shaw community that pits a proud African American middle class against new white residents who have moved into the community in the last decade, and social media is filled with racially charged views on the issue.
In recent weeks, the corridors of the Wilson building have become a civics lab as students and teachers from Banneker visited members of the Council, a majority of whom are planning to vote Tuesday against the Mayor's plan to move Banneker from its 800 Euclid St. NW location to the Shaw site, which would include the building of a new and expanded campus for Banneker. This clears the way for Shaw residents to instead get a new middle school at the old Shaw Junior High site, which has stood vacant for a decade.
On May 1, Ward 2 Councilmember Jack Evans tweeted a copy of a letter to the Mayor that he and six other councilmembers signed to kill the Mayor's proposal. The letter urged Bowser to modernized Banneker at its current location at 800 Euclid St. NW and to rebuild Shaw as a middle school at its current location. The lawmakers included Charles Allen (Ward 6), Brianne Nadeau (Ward 1), Elissa Silverman (At-Large), Mary Cheh (Ward 3), Trayon White (Ward 8), and Vince Gray (Ward 7).
On May 2, the Council's Committee on Education held a mark up of the 2020 schools budget, and Allen introduced an amendment to the school budget funding bill that would have stopped the construction of Banneker at the Shaw site. Allen said that money had already been allocated to modernize Banneker at its current location, and that Bowser, "by changing the address," of Banneker to the Shaw site, made a move that pitted one community against another.
Allen said that the Council could craft a "win-win" proposal that includes the possibility that Banneker and Shaw could both be located at the Rhode Island Avenue NW site, where the vacant Shaw Junior High stands now.
Councilmember Trayon White said, "I do support Banneker, but if we don't move the school to Rhode Island we can build a facility on the current site." And councilmember Anita Bonds, who lives in the Shaw community, said her neighborhood has changed a lot since she first moved there. "I see moms with baby carriages and strollers."
Bonds says that while she doesn't want to delay Banneker's modernization, she too wants to explore all options.
Committee Chair David Grosso opposed Allen's amendment, which ultimately failed 3-2. "The Shaw community has had broken promises for years. If this project goes forward it will [mean] the demolition of Shaw Middle School," Allen told Grosso.
While councilmembers insist that both parties could be winners in this fight, Banneker advocates point out that the amount of money allotted to modernize Banneker at the Euclid Street NW site has been decreased from $132 million to $88 million. During the May 2 hearing, Grosso pointed out that this was one of the reasons why the Shaw site was more attractive to Bowser's camp. He discussed the possibility of additional costs and regulations associated with renovating the historic Banneker building on Euclid.
Since then, both sides have continued fortifying their positions.
Bowser sent a blistering letter to the Council on May 10: "After weeks of protests in Shaw against gentrification and displacement, I'm shocked that seven councilmembers have signed onto a letter telling students, families, and staff at Banneker High School … that they need to stay put at their current location," the letter read.
Early Monday, a group of students from Banneker met with Councilmember Trayon White to urge him to support the Mayor's plans. They rallied outside the Mayor's office, and Bowser told them, "I am going to do all that I can do to work with members of the Council so that they will agree not to pause the construction of your school again."
"We can't wait any longer, we need a new high school building now," said Banneker Junior Toi Francis, who was one of the students who paid a visit to the offices of Councilmember Trayon White.
Pauline Green Williams, 16, a Banneker junior who is on the swim team, says, "At Banneker, academics is what we do, but we need facilities. I am on the swim team and we don't have a pool. We don't have a gym. We have really talented students, but from an academic perspective we don't have enough."
According to John Settles, President of the Banneker Parent Teacher Organization, "Any delay in the construction of a new Banneker is a denial."
Natalie Hopkinson, a professor at Howard University who has a 9th grader at Banneker, says White and Gray, "should be ashamed of themselves for supporting Allen's plans" because many of the students at Banneker come from Wards 7 and 8.
But many of the parents with small children who live in the Shaw community oppose the city's plan. They, along with Advisory Neighborhood Commissioners in the area, support the building of a new middle school building at the old Shaw Junior High School site.
Alex Padro, Advisory Neighborhood Commissioner for 6E01, says, "Mayor Bowser told us in 2017 that she had mixed use development plans for the Shaw site that included a new middle school. The Euclid site had been fully funded for modernization. "
"In our community, the middle school children are scattered to the four winds," he says. "Race is a smoke screen in this issue. Why doesn't the Mayor want to modernize the Euclid site? This is a Game of Thrones in which Queen Muriel has pitted House Banneker against House Shaw."
On Monday, Council Chair Phil Mendelson announced that he would support the plan to modernize Banneker at its current location and build a middle school at the Shaw Junior High site.
The vote is set for today.
This post has been updated with additional information on the renovation budget for Banneker.
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text:
Cimarrones de Sonora Fútbol Club – meksykański klub piłkarski z siedzibą w mieście Hermosillo, stolicy stanu Sonora. Obecnie występuje na drugim szczeblu rozgrywek – Ascenso MX. Swoje domowe mecze rozgrywa na obiekcie Estadio Héroe de Nacozari.

Historia
Początki klubu miały miejsce w pierwszej połowie 2013 roku, kiedy to grupa lokalnych przedsiębiorców z Edmundo Ruizem Gómezem na czele kupiła od fundacji López Caballero drużynę Poblado Miguel Alemán FC – zwycięzcę czwartej ligi meksykańskiej. Zespół występujący na kameralnym, liczącym 4000 miejsc stadionie w niewielkiej miejscowości Comisaría Miguel Alemán nie spełnił jednak wymogów licencyjnych na grę w trzeciej lidze, zarówno ze względu na nieprzystosowany obiekt, jak i brak odpowiedniego zaplecza organizacyjnego. Wobec zaistniałej sytuacji zdecydowano się przenieść klub do oddalonego o 65 kilometrów miasta Hermosillo, stolicy stanu Sonora oraz zmieniono nazwę na Cimarrones de Sonora. Drużyna po otrzymaniu licencji przystąpiła do gry w trzeciej lidze meksykańskiej – Segunda División.

W trzeciej lidze klub zadebiutował 10 sierpnia 2013 zremisowanym 0:0 wyjazdowym spotkaniem z Águilas Reales. Pierwszego gola w historii klubu strzelił Alfredo Vázquez Ramírez, sześć dni później w zremisowanym 1:1 meczu z Dorados UACH. Swoje pierwsze domowe mecze drużyna rozgrywała na bejsbolowym obiekcie Estadio Sonora, aby po kilku tygodniach przenieść się na Estadio Héctor Espino.  Podczas dwóch pierwszych sezonów Cimarrones zajmowali siedemnaste miejsce w lidze, aby później dołączyć do grona czołowych drużyn rozgrywek; pod kierownictwem trenera Ángela Monaresa dotarli do finału Segunda División, przegrywając w nim z Potros UAEM (1:0, 0:2). Ogółem w trzeciej lidze meksykańskiej zespół występował przez dwa lata.

W maju 2015 ogłoszono, że zespół Cimarrones przystąpi do rozgrywek drugiej ligi meksykańskiej – Ascenso MX, w ramach powiększenia jej do szesnastu zespołów. Wraz z dołączeniem do zaplecza najwyższej klasy rozgrywkowej klub przeniósł się na największy obiekt w Hermosillo – mogący pomieścić 21 000 widzów Estadio Héroe de Nacozari. W drugiej lidze Cimarrones zadebiutowali 25 lipca 2015 w przegranym 0:1 wyjazdowym meczu z Alebrijes.

Aktualny skład
Stan na 1 września 2016.

Trenerzy

Stan na 1 lipca 2018.Kursywą wyróżniono trenerów tymczasowych.W nawiasie podano, który raz trener prowadził klub.

Rekordy piłkarzy

Najwięcej występów

Stan na 1 lipca 2018.Pogrubioną czcionką zaznaczono piłkarzy, którzy aktualnie występują w klubie.

Najwięcej goli

Stan na 1 lipca 2018.Pogrubioną czcionką zaznaczono piłkarzy, którzy aktualnie występują w klubie.

Inne
 Najmłodszy piłkarz:  Ramón Romero – 17 lat i 311 dni – (8 listopada 2013, Correcaminos UAT B 0–2 Cimarrones, Segunda División)
 Najstarszy piłkarz:  Armando Navarrete – 35 lat i 146 dni – (16 kwietnia 2016, Atlético San Luis 1–1 Cimarrones, Ascenso MX)
 Najmłodszy strzelec gola:  José Gabriel Rodríguez – 19 lat i 173 dni – (2 maja 2015, Loros UdeC 1–2 Cimarrones, Segunda División)
 Najstarszy strzelec gola:  Aldo Polo – 33 lata i 198 dni – (17 marca 2017, Cimarrones 1–0 Alebrijes, Ascenso MX)

Przypisy

Bibliografia
 Ascenso MX

Meksykańskie kluby piłkarskie
Kluby piłkarskie założone w 2013

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


For the price this is a great thermometer.
Compact, long cord, low profile.
Works well to me, I believe it to be accurate. As mine is still knew I am unsure of longevity of product.
This coralife digital thermometer is so easy to setup and well worth the money.


text:
Trump issues Thanksgiving threat to close the US border with Mexico
US President Donald Trump speaks to members of the military via teleconference from his Mar-a-Lago resort in Palm Beach, Florida, on Thanksgiving Day on Nov 22. (AFP)
PALM BEACH, Fla, Nov 22, (Agencies): President Donald Trump is threatening to close the US border with Mexico for an undisclosed period of time if his administration determines that its southern ally has lost "control" on its side.
Trump is citing the situation involving migrants camped in Tijuana, Mexico, after traveling in a caravan to reach the United States. Trump calls it "a really bad situation" there and says that "if we find that it's incontrollable," then "we will close entry into the country for period of time until we can get it under control. The whole border." The president also says he's given American troops at the border the "OK" to use lethal force against migrants "if they have to." Trump tells reporters: "I hope they don't have to," but he says, "I have no choice" because "you're dealing with rough people."
Trump also warned on Thursday there could be a government shutdown next month over security on the border with Mexico, suggesting he could hold up negotiations if no more money is provided for a wall between the two countries. "Could there be a shut down? There certainly could and it will be about border security, of which the wall is a part," Trump told reporters in Palm Beach, Florida.
Ahead of US congressional elections earlier this month, Trump denounced the approach of a caravan of migrants as an "invasion" that threatened American national security, and he sent thousands of US troops to the border to help secure it. US Defense Secretary Jim Mattis said on Wednesday that he had been granted authority to allow troops on the Mexican border greater powers to help protect border officials, and would await direction from the Department of Homeland Security.
Previous Strip convicted terrorists of citizenship – Australia
Next Kuwait offers logistics for Yemen talks
Nine Americans killed in Mexican ambush
Trump threatens to close US-Mexico border
Mexico finds Flayed god temple; priests wore skins of dead
Dems own House, Senate for Trump
'End birthright citizenship' – US sending 5,200 troops to border
'American credibility has been diminished'
Supreme Court upholds Trump travel ban
Ex-NATO chief Solana denied US entry WASHINGTON, June 26, (Agencies): The Supreme Court on Tuesday …


text:
// Copyright (c) Microsoft.  All Rights Reserved.  Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0.  See License.txt in the project root for license information.

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Collections.Immutable;
using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Microsoft.CodeAnalysis;
using Microsoft.CodeAnalysis.Host;
using Roslyn.Utilities;

namespace Microsoft.VisualStudio.LanguageServices.Implementation.ProjectSystem
{
    internal sealed partial class VisualStudioMetadataReferenceManager
    {
        private class RecoverableMetadataValueSource : ValueSource<AssemblyMetadata>
        {
            private readonly WeakReference<AssemblyMetadata> _weakValue;
            private readonly List<ITemporaryStreamStorage> _storages;
            private readonly ConditionalWeakTable<Metadata, object> _lifetimeMap;

            public RecoverableMetadataValueSource(AssemblyMetadata value, List<ITemporaryStreamStorage> storages, ConditionalWeakTable<Metadata, object> lifetimeMap)
            {
                Contract.ThrowIfFalse(storages.Count > 0);

                _weakValue = new WeakReference<AssemblyMetadata>(value);
                _storages = storages;
                _lifetimeMap = lifetimeMap;
            }

            public override AssemblyMetadata GetValue(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
            {
                AssemblyMetadata value;
                if (_weakValue.TryGetTarget(out value))
                {
                    return value;
                }

                return RecoverMetadata();
            }

            private AssemblyMetadata RecoverMetadata()
            {
                var moduleBuilder = ImmutableArray.CreateBuilder<ModuleMetadata>(_storages.Count);

                foreach (var storage in _storages)
                {
                    moduleBuilder.Add(GetModuleMetadata(storage));
                }

                var metadata = AssemblyMetadata.Create(moduleBuilder.ToImmutable());
                _weakValue.SetTarget(metadata);

                return metadata;
            }

            private ModuleMetadata GetModuleMetadata(ITemporaryStreamStorage storage)
            {
                var stream = storage.ReadStream(CancellationToken.None);

                // under VS host, direct access should be supported
                var directAccess = (ISupportDirectMemoryAccess)stream;
                var pImage = directAccess.GetPointer();

                var metadata = ModuleMetadata.CreateFromMetadata(pImage, (int)stream.Length);

                // memory management.
                _lifetimeMap.Add(metadata, stream);
                return metadata;
            }

            public override bool TryGetValue(out AssemblyMetadata value)
            {
                if (_weakValue.TryGetTarget(out value))
                {
                    return true;
                }

                value = default(AssemblyMetadata);
                return false;
            }

            public override Task<AssemblyMetadata> GetValueAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
            {
                return Task.FromResult(this.GetValue(cancellationToken));
            }
        }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Vitamin E is an antioxidant important in protecting body tissue from damage caused by unstable substances called free radicals, which are produced by cigarette smoke, sunlight, pollution and chemical reactions in the body. Vitamin E is also important in the formation of red blood cells, keeping the immune system healthy and helps the body to use vitamin K.
How do we get vitamin E?
Vitamin E is a fat-soluble vitamin that must be obtained through our diet as the body is unable to make it. Good sources of vitamin E include vegetable oils, eggs, nuts, seeds, whole grains and green leafy vegetables. Vitamin E supplements are available.
In the UK, vitamin E deficiencies are rare and are not usually because of a poor diet. Because vitamin E is a fat-soluble vitamin, a vitamin E deficiency is more likely to occur in those with digestive system problems where nutrients are poorly absorbed including pancreatic disease, gallbladder disease, celiac disease and liver disease.
Symptoms of a deficiency in vitamin E include muscle weakness, deterioration of muscle mass, vision problems and anaemia.
A test for vitamins and minerals including B vitamins, vitamin D, zinc, magnesium and iron stores (ferritin).


text:
Apprentice confusion still an issue
New FSB research carried out in the Greater Manchester & Cheshire region has shown many small businesses remain confused by apprenticeships and would need to seek external advice and help to recruit one.
The study sought to ascertain employer awareness around the current apprenticeship system, identify common barriers to recruitment, and gauge attitudes towards apprentices and the value small firms place on them.
The research showed 63% of small firms in this region would need outside help before employing an apprentice. Nearly a quarter (23%) admitted they were 'clueless', and 40% said while they had some idea, would still require help. In addition, 64% of survey respondents admitted they were unclear around apprentice funding – which was also cited as the biggest barrier to recruiting an apprentice (56%).
Finding a training provider was the second most common obstacle (43%) to taking on an apprentice, while finding and recruiting suitable candidates (39%) was third. Other common barriers were around knowing how much to pay, and finding a suitable course appropriate to the job.
Almost a third (31%) all of the latter were issues they'd need help with. FSB Regional Chairman for Manchester & North Cheshire, Simon Edmondson, said: "There's still far too much confusion among small firms when it comes to apprenticeships – and that's a massive fail.
Two thirds of firms admit they'd need help before recruiting an apprentice, and Catch 22 is most of them have little idea of where to access that help. "Until businesses can be confident they aren't getting it wrong, then successful apprentice training will be stuck in the slow lane.
This will hopefully be something Andy Burnham as the new Metro Mayor for Greater Manchester will tackle going forward." On a more positive note, the survey showed 52% of businesses said they'd 'definitely' employ an apprentice if they had a suitable vacancy, and a further 42% said they'd 'consider' it.
Only six per cent said they wouldn't consider it. Also, just 11% of respondents agreed with the statement: 'apprenticeships are for those not bright enough for university'.
View all North West articles
Five reasons hiring an apprentice can benefit your business
Small businesses call on government to fix the nation's roads on Pothole Day
High Street Fund welcome, but let's not get carried away


ERA-GAS launched a co-funded call for transnational research projects in Europe and New Zealand on 4 March 2016. The call for full proposals closed on 19 December 2016. The submitted full proposals underwent a final formal check and subsequent evaluation by an international peer review panel, the International Evaluation Committee (IEC). The IEC evaluated the full proposals based on excellence, impact and quality and efficiency of the implementation and management. Each proposal was reviewed by at least three independent experts. The ranking of full proposals was conducted according to the evaluation results, and the selection of full proposals strictly followed the ranking list of evaluators.
The funding partners are from 13 European countries and New Zealand.The indicative total budget amounted to 13,9 M €, subject to the successful negotiation of the ERA-GAS ERA-NET Cofund with the European Commission.
In May 2017, 10 projects were selected to receive funding in the frame of the ERA-GAS ERA-NET.
Neither the ERA-GAS consortium nor Forschungszentrum Jülich will accept any liability for the content of this announcement, or for the consequences of any actions taken on the basis of the information provided.


Abstract: The objective of this paper is to examine the degree of persistence in final energy demand in Portugal. Our results suggest that when structural breaks are accounted for aggregate energy demand and all of its components are stationary. Accordingly, the response to shocks is not permanent. We find, however, strong levels of persistence. Demand for electricity is the most persistent component of aggregate demand while the levels of persistence for petroleum and gas are similar and close to the aggregate level. In turn, demand for coal and biomass are also similar and the least persistent. These results have important implications for the design of macroeconomic policies. Indeed, high persistent levels mean that temporary energy shocks translate into persistent changes in energy demand and thereby in less transient shocks to the overall economy. These results are also important for the design of environmental policies. The fact that energy demand is highly persistent means that the effects of environmental policies will tend to be long lasting. Also, the relatively high persistence of electricity, gas and petroleum and the fact that their levels of persistence are similar suggests that fuel switching policies involving these fuels will be relatively easy to implement.


You should be getting curious now. Because you'll be wondering why a hotel in Salzburger Land is called "Tiroler Buam" and how the Tyroleans came to Salzburg in the first place, why they stayed here and above all, what makes these Tiroler Buam and Madln – the Tyrolean boys and girls – so special? Well then, you need to take a moment to understand this. Because we need to give you more details than just dry keywords. After all, guests at the Tiroler Buam deserve a lot of attention. Also on the Internet.
Let's get spoilt with a regional breakfast buffet for € 15,00 per Person.
FINE CUISINE GOES TO SCHOOL.
The opportunities for mountain bikers and bicycle enthusiasts here in Glemmtal valley are just as special as the Tiroler Buam.
A word of caution before reading on here. You may well find that you get an insatiable desire for a good meal and a great evening with a fine bottle of wine. Don't say we didn't warn you! But on the other hand – if you don't now go to the page about our restaurant, you really will be missing something special.
Good taste goes to school with us. And so not only can you relax with us when you feel the need, but you can also learn something. If you want to know more about the delicious and wholesome subject matter of our cooking school, you can find out more about the school here.


Jessica is a recovered fashion major and urbanite who now spends all of her time living, working and playing in the mountains. Jessica originally hails from Toronto, Canada and now calls Mammoth Lakes California home. She is an avid skier, rock climber, backpacker, gardener and mountain biker. She has lived and worked all over North America pursuing her outdoor passions and work as an outdoor educator and guide. Jessica has recently completed her Masters Degree in Adventure Education from Prescott College in Arizona.


text:
Q: Passing data from one page to another in razor webpage I have a select form which refresh itself after slection 'category' to dispaly 'sub category' I did put validation in subcategory so that user goes to next page only after sub category
I have a code in page 1 like this
if (IsPost && Validation.IsValid())
{
    parent = Request.Form["parent"];
    Response.Redirect("~/Members/cb/Page2");
}

and in page 2
 @Html.Hidden("parent", Request.Form["parent"])

however , I cannot get hidden value in page2 that was passed from page 1, pls help

A: Try pass parent in url to second page:
Response.Redirect("~/Members/cb/Page2?parent=" + Request.Form["parent"]);

If you do redirect hidden filds will not be available on redirected page. Hidden fields as any other input are only posted back to server on form submit.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
European Banking Union
Markus Demary Expertise 23. April 2014 European Banking Union
Status of Implementation and the Need for Improvement
Markus Demary Expertise 23. April 2014
Gutachten für die Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung
Markus Demary
The crisis in the euro area revealed points of weakness in the architecture of the Monetary Union. It appeared that the common monetary policy also required a common system of banking supervision. Ultimately, this resulted in banking crises and bailouts at the taxpayers' expense. In addition to weaknesses in national financial supervision, legal resolution options for banks in precarious situations are also lacking. This, along with a lack of capital requirements for government bonds meant that a shared risk was generated by the states and banks in the eurozone whereby sovereign debt crises and banking crises mutually reinforced each other. A banking union therefore seems necessary as a long-term framework for the completion of the European Monetary Union.
This report summarises the current proposals and decisions regarding the Banking Union and evaluates the Banking Union's three pillars – banking supervision, bank resolution and common standards for deposit guarantees – from a regulatory economic perspective. Particular emphasis is placed on the proposed design of the resolution mechanism and coordination of national deposit guarantee systems and their consequences for Germany's banking system. The consequences for private institutional guarantee systems are also analysed. The planned exemption provisions for creditor involvement are also discussed critically, as is the European Commission's proposed right of last decision for cases of bank resolution and the lack of capital requirements for European government bonds.
Burden-sharing in bank resolution is also a point of contention. The European Commission favoured a common European Resolution Fund, while Germany instead preferred a network of national resolution funds. Both variants are contrasted with an alternative proposal by the Cologne Institute for Economic Research. This model avoids the situation automatically resulting in the pooling of costs and losses. The ministers of finance in the EU have agreed to a similar model. Under this plan, a network of national funds will gradually be transferred to a European fund.
The implementation of the Banking Union is discussed against the backdrop of still existing legacy liabilities in the bank balance sheets. To that end, the Cologne Institute for Economic Research proposes an alternative timetable for the implementation of the three pillars that would prevent excessive demands being placed on the Banking Union from legacy liabilities in the bank balance sheets. This proposal provides for a quarantine period for banks that do not qualify for the Banking Union under the audit. According to the proposal, they will be placed under special supervision by the European Central Bank (ECB) during this time and will be required to submit detailed restructuring plans. If the ECB does not approve these plans or if the restructuring objectives are not met, the Cologne Institute's proposal stipulates resolution for the banks in question.
This report recommends further improvements on the previous plan for the Banking Union. In the process, reliable creditor involvement should be confirmed for bank resolutions as early as 2014. Furthermore, the Banking Union will be accompanied by risk-based capital requirements for government bonds. Through better risk provisions, banks, including their owners and creditors, must be robust enough to ensure that in the case of future banking crises, a burden on the taxpayer can be avoided as much as possible.
Markus Demary: European Banking Union – Status of Implementation and the Need for Improvement
Markus Demary: Europäische Bankenunion – Stand der Umsetzung und Nachbesserungsbedarf
Dr. Markus Demary
Senior Economist for Monetary Policy and the Economics of Financial Markets
Tel: +49 221 4981-732 Mail: demary@iwkoeln.de @DemaryMarkus
Adriana Neligan Event 6. October 2021
Sustainable Finance: How to finance and achieve global decarbonisation
As governments across the world continue to face the challenge of tackling Covid-19, the current crisis also presents an unprecedented opportunity to reboot global economies in a manner that builds more sustainable, inclusive, and resilient societies, in line ...
Adriana Neligan IW
Peter Friedrich / Finn Wendland IW-Policy Paper No. 14 23. July 2021
Ecologically sustainable or not?: The introduction of the EU Taxonomy for Sustainable Activities
The EU Taxonomy for Sustainable Activities (EU Taxonomy) is the lead instrument to integrate and promote sustainability in capital markets across the EU.
Peter Friedrich / Finn Wendland IW


Home > Welcome to Grade A Pest Specialists of Westfield!
Welcome to Grade A Pest Specialists of Westfield!
You've reached the website of Grade A Pest Specialists of Westfield! We provide pest control services to Westfield, Indiana and the surrounding area. Our goal is to keep home owners safe from annoying and dangerous pests. Protecting your home, family and pets is not something that we take lightly. We're certain that we can provide you with the best Westfield pest control services.
If you're having any kind of pest issue, be it rodents, bees, or spiders, then get in touch with Grade A Pest Specialists of Westfield today! You will find our staff honest, easy to work with, and professional. Furthermore, have a look at any ranking of the best pest control companies in Westfield and you will see us high on the list.
We have a variety of pest control experts who concentrate on residential Westfield pest control treatments. Recently, our pest control professionals have been working on many rodent, spider and bed bug problems. However, that is not a thorough list of what we can help with. Our specialists are extremely versatile, which enables them to handle just about any pest problem you might be having. Grade A Pest Specialists of Westfield offers high-quality, reasonably priced services. All of our pest control technicians are professionally trained and certified.
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We'd be more than pleased to answer any questions you have about any one of our solutions.Whether you choose us, or another company, make sure that the Westfield pest control company has professionally-trained experts and is prepared to answer all of your questions. Call us right now to find out how we can solve your current problem or assist you to avoid future problems.


On Tuesday, Julius Heinrich Otto "Henry" Pieper, his identity recovered, was laid to rest beside his twin brother in Normandy, 74 years after the two Navy men died together when their ship shattered while trying to reach the blood-soaked D-Day beaches.
Six Navy officers in crisp white uniforms carried the flag-draped metal coffin bearing the remains of Julius to its final resting place, at the side of Ludwig Julius Wilhelm "Louie" Pieper at the Normandy American Cemetery and Memorial.
While Louie's body was soon found, identified and laid to rest, his brother's remains were only recovered in 1961 by French salvage divers and not identified until 2017.
The cemetery, an immaculate field of crosses and Stars of David, overlooks the English Channel and Omaha Beach, the bloodiest of the Normandy landing beaches of Operation Overlord, the first step in breaching Hitler's stranglehold on France and Europe.
"They are finally together again, side by side, where they should be," said their niece, Susan Lawrence, 56, of Sacramento, California.
The story of how the twins died and were being reunited reflects the daily courage of troops on a mission to save the world from the Nazis and the tenacity of today's military to ensure that no soldier goes unaccounted for.
Louie's body was laid to rest in what now is the Normandy American Cemetery. But the remains of Julius were only recovered in 1961 by French divers who found them in the vessel's radio room. He was interred as an "Unknown" at the Ardennes American Cemetery in Neuville, Belgium, also devoted to the fallen of World War II, in the region that saw the bloody Battle of the Bulge.
Julius' remains might have stayed among those of 13 other troops from the doomed LST-523 still resting unidentified at the Ardennes cemetery. But in 2017, a U.S. agency that tracks missing combatants using witness accounts and DNA testing identified him.
"My grandparents received that letter after they got word that they (their sons) had passed away," she said.
The Pieper family asked that Louie's grave in Normandy be relocated to make room for his twin brother at his side.


My apology - there was an issue with the notification system. It's being fixed, and this should have stopped by now.
Generally I receive a single 'auction end notice' but this morning I was treated to 62 auction end notices for the same auction delivered over a couple of minutes.
It's not a problem, I just wanted to alert folks that there may have been an issue that resulted in the bonus messages.


text:
\section{Introduction}

The second LIGO--Virgo Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalog (GWTC-2) was announced on October 28, 2020~\citep{2020arXiv201014527A}.
In a companion paper~\citep{2020arXiv201014533T},
population properties of compact object binaries observed during the first half of the third observing run (O3a)
have been discussed, especially by focusing on the primary mass and spin distributions for BBHs (Binary Black Holes).
Specifically, they analysed the merger rate density distribution as a function of primary mass $M_1$, and showed that the power law + peak model is the most likely one.
Figure~\ref{M1dist} plots the power law + peak model with BH mass distribution of Population (Pop) I/II BH \citep{Belczynski2020} and Pop III BH \citep{Kinugawa2020}.
The power law + peak model looks like consistent with the power law mass distribution of Pop I/II BHs \citep{Belczynski2020} and the mass distribution of Pop III BHs with the peak at $\sim 30$--$40{M}_{\odot}$ \citep{Kinugawa2020}.
Since Figure~\ref{M1dist} is shown as a function of the primary mass $M_1$, it is also important to study the merger rate as functions of secondary mass $M_2$, total mass $M_{\rm total}$ and chirp mass $M_{\rm chirp}$ in order to check whether the Pop III BH model is consistent with  the peak of massive BBHs or not, varying IMF (Initial Mass Function) and SFR (Star Formation Rate).

\begin{figure}
    \centering
    \includegraphics[width=0.47\textwidth]{LIGOdist.pdf}
    \caption{BBH merger rate density as a function of primary mass ($M_1$). The blue line and the light blue region are the population distribution and 90\% credible interval of the power low + peak model by GWTC-2, respectively~\citep{2020arXiv201014533T}. The green dashed line is the Pop I/II BBH merger rate density of the 30B model in~\citet{Belczynski2020}. The red dotted line shows the Pop III BBH merger rate density of the M100 model in~\citet{Kinugawa2020} which is the same as the flat model in this paper.}
    \label{M1dist}
\end{figure}

In this Letter, firstly, we focus on the chirp mass distribution
of BBHs
because the chirp mass is the most sensitive parameter
in GW observation of compact object binaries where
the chirp mass ($M_{\rm chirp}$) is defined by
$M_{\rm chirp} = (M_1 M_2)^{3/5}/(M_1+M_2)^{1/5}$.
 Secondly, we omit binaries
which include a compact object with mass $< 3{M}_{\odot}$, i.e.,
GW190425 ($M_1=2{M}_{\odot}$, $M_2=1.4{M}_{\odot}$),
GW190426\_152155 ($M_1=5.7{M}_{\odot}$, $M_2=1.5{M}_{\odot}$)
and GW190814 ($M_1=23.2{M}_{\odot}$, $M_2=2.59{M}_{\odot}$)
in the 39 GW events in GWTC-2 O3a
so that we consider  36 GW events only. Thirdly, we do not treat spins of BBHs
although there are interesting results on the spin precession
in~\cite{2020arXiv201111948G},
and on the spin distributions in~\cite{2021arXiv210201689T}.
This is because there are still large uncertainties
in the estimation of BH spins.

After the announcement of GWTC-2,
various interesting papers have been presented such as
the merger rate and mass
distributions of the merging BBHs formed dynamically in globular clusters~\citep{2020PhRvD.102l3016A},
constraints on a primordial BH scenario with accretion~\citep{2020arXiv201101865W},
a mixture model of the isolated field formation and dynamical formation in clusters~\citep{2020arXiv201103564W,2020arXiv201110057Z,2021arXiv210212495B},
the chirp mass and spin distributions in a hierarchical merger scenario in Active Galactic Nuclei disks~\citep{2020arXiv201104502T},
the dynamical formation in globular clusters
including hierarchical formation channels~\citep{2020arXiv201105332K} based on \cite{2020ApJ...900..177K},
a search for hierarchical triple mergers including spin effects~\citep{2020arXiv201106591V},
dynamical interactions in young massive star clusters
and open star clusters~\citep{2020arXiv201107000B}
based on N-body evolutionary models of star clusters~\citep{2020MNRAS.500.3002B},
distribution of recoil kicks of BBH merger remnants and their retention probability
in various astrophysical environments
for maximum progenitor spins~\citep{2021MNRAS.tmp..279F},
the LIGO/Virgo GW observation of spin-orbit misalignment
and BBH formation via common envelope in field binaries~\citep{2020arXiv201109570C},
combination of populations of astrophysical BHs
and primordial BHs~\citep{2020arXiv201202786H,2021arXiv210203809D}
(see also \cite{Hall:2020daa} for GWTC-1),
the mass distribution evolving with redshift~\citep{2021arXiv210107699F}.
the redshift-dependent merger rate explained by a purely dynamical origin in globular clusters~\citep{2021arXiv210107793R},
a possible mass distribution of primordial black holes by assuming that all LIGO/Virgo BBHs have a primordial origin~\citep{2021arXiv210111098D}.

We believe that we can add one more interesting paper
on the O3a events.

\section{Analysis}

\subsection{Data from LIGO/Virgo GWTC-2 O3a}

Using the median values and 90\% credible intervals
of parameters estimated by~\cite{2020arXiv201014527A},
we prepare a simple probability number distribution function
of various mass `$m$'
to introduce the parameter estimation errors as
\begin{align}
g(m) = &
(2\pi\sigma_-^2)^{-1/2} \exp\left\{-\frac{(m-m_0)^2}{2\sigma_-^2}\right\} \Theta(m_0-m)
\cr &
+
(2\pi\sigma_+^2)^{-1/2}  \exp\left\{-\frac{(m-m_0)^2}{2\sigma_+^2}\right\} \Theta(m-m_0) \,,
\label{eq:dist}
\end{align}
where each side of $m=m_0$
has 50\% probability, i.e., $m_0$ is the median, and $\sigma_{-}$ and $\sigma_+$
are determined from the 90\% credible interval.

\begin{figure}
    \centering
    \includegraphics[width=0.47\textwidth]{M_g.pdf}
    \caption{Probability number distributions of primary ($M_1$ in (a)), secondary ($M_2$ in (a)),
    total ($M_{\rm total}$ in (b)),
    and chirp ($M_{\rm chirp}$ in (b))
    masses of the observed 36 BBHs by using the GWTC-2 data~\citep{2020arXiv201014527A}.
    The lines correspond to the probability number of stars in the mass interval of $5{M}_{\odot}$.
    Note that the horizontal axis for the total mass is $M_{\rm total}/2$.
    }
    \label{fig:mass_distributions}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}
    \centering
    \includegraphics[width=0.47\textwidth]{Mc_Mv3.pdf}
    \caption{Distribution of median values of
    various masses; $M_1$ vs. $M_{\rm chirp}$, $M_2$ vs. $M_{\rm chirp}$,
    and $M_{\rm total}$ vs. $M_{\rm chirp}$ in (a), and $M_2$ vs. $M_1$ in (b).
    The circles and filled circles show BBHs
    with chirp mass
    lower or higher than $20{M}_{\odot}$, respectively.
    Each straight line shows the best fitting one for $M_{\rm chirp} > 20{M}_{\odot}$.}
    \label{fig:Mc_masses}
\end{figure}

The probability number distributions of primary ($M_1$), secondary ($M_2$), total ($M_{\rm total}$),
and chirp ($M_{\rm chirp}$) masses for the 36 BBHs
are shown in Figure~\ref{fig:mass_distributions} (a) and (b) where
the horizontal axis is shown in unit of ${M}_{\odot}$
while the lines correspond to the probability number of stars in the mass interval of $5{M}_{\odot}$. Note that we  use $M_{\rm total}/2$ for the total mass in Figure~\ref{fig:mass_distributions}  (b).
In all distributions, we can identify double peaks
of probability number of stars.
We confirmed that they exist even for
the case with the mass interval of $2.5{M}_{\odot}$.
The higher peaks of various mass are at $\sim 46{M}_{\odot}$,
$\sim 32{M}_{\odot}$, $\sim 77{M}_{\odot}$ and $\sim 32{M}_{\odot}$
for $M_1$, $M_2$, $M_{\rm total}$ and $M_{\rm chirp}$, respectively,
while the lower peaks  are at $\sim 18{M}_{\odot}$,
$\sim 10{M}_{\odot}$, $\sim 28{M}_{\odot}$ and $\sim 11{M}_{\odot}$
for $M_1$, $M_2$, $M_{\rm total}$ and $M_{\rm chirp}$, respectively.

In Figure~\ref{fig:Mc_masses} (a),
taking the median value of $M_{\rm chirp}$
as the horizontal axis, we plot the median value of $M_1$, $M_2$ and $M_{\rm total}$ for each event, respectively.
Here, the 10 circles and 26 filled circles show BBHs
with $M_{\rm chirp}$ lower and higher than $20{M}_{\odot}$, respectively.
We also show the median values of $M_2$ vs. $M_1$ in Figure~\ref{fig:Mc_masses} (b)
where we use the value of $M_{\rm chirp}$ but not the value of
$M_1$ and $M_2$ to determine if a certain point in the figure is a circle or a filled circle.
From Figure~\ref{fig:Mc_masses} (a) and Figure~\ref{fig:mass_distributions} (a) and (b), we can identify two groups of BBHs in the distributions of $M_1$, $M_2$ and $M_{\rm total}$ as a function of $M_{\rm chirp}$.
The boundary of two groups is at $M_{\rm chirp} \sim 20{M}_{\odot}$.
The lines in Figure~\ref{fig:Mc_masses}
(a) and (b) are the best linear fitting ones for $M_{\rm chirp} > 20{M}_{\odot}$. They are $M_1=1.42M_{\rm chirp}$, $M_2=0.967M_{\rm chirp}$,
$M_{\rm total} =2.38M_{\rm chirp}$ and $M_2=0.673M_1$, respectively.
The correlation coefficients for each distribution are $0.957$, $0.978$, $0.996$ and $0.875$, respectively.
Since these are good correlations,
there should be some physical explanations for them.

We assume first that the correlation
between $M_1$ and $M_2$ is given as $M_2=0.673 M_1$ from Figure~\ref{fig:Mc_masses} (b).
For $M_{\rm chirp}$, we find that
a more simple formula than $M_{\rm chirp} = (M_1 M_2)^{3/5}/(M_1+M_2)^{1/5}$ exists for the mass region of 26 O3a events with $M_{\rm chirp} > 20{M}_{\odot}$,
which is given by $M_{\rm chirp}=0.322M_1+0.575M_2$.
From this equation and $M_2=0.673 M_1$,
we have $M_1=1.41M_{\rm chirp}$, $M_2=0.949M_{\rm chirp}$ and $M_{\rm total}=2.36M_{\rm chirp}$
which agree quite well with $M_1=1.42M_{\rm chirp}$, $M_2=0.967M_{\rm chirp}$,
$M_{\rm total} =2.38M_{\rm chirp}$ obtained from Figure~\ref{fig:Mc_masses} (a), respectively. This means that the relation of $M_2=0.673 M_1$ is the most important one,
and thus other three relations are obtained from this $M_2=0.673 M_1$ relation.

What is the physical origin of the relation of
$M_2=0.673 M_1$?
We first notice that the smallest mass ratio $q~(=M_2/M_1)$
of 36 BBHs observed in O3a
is $\gtrsim 0.3$~\citep{2020arXiv201014533T} while
in population synthesis models of Pop III stars such as in~\cite{Kinugawa2014},
the initial mass ratio $q$ of binaries ranges from $10{M}_{\odot}/M_1$ to $1$. Therefore, binaries
with small mass ratio of $q < 0.3$ exist
when the binaries are first formed.
However, the binaries with such small mass ratio tend to have large mass ratio due to mass transfer so that the fraction of merging Pop III BBH with $q \lesssim 0.5$ is much smaller than that of $q > 0.5$~\citep{Kinugawa2016c}.
In reality, most of the binary events in GWTC-2 satisfy
$0.6 < q < 0.8$ from Figure~\ref{fig:Mc_masses} (b).
Therefore, the relation of $M_2=0.673 M_1$ is consistent with Pop III star origin.

In Figure~\ref{fig:PopIII_m1m2}, the median values of secondary mass for each primary mass of Pop III BBHs which merge within the Hubble time are shown for various models.
Although details of various population synthesis simulation models of Pop III BBHs  are described in the next section, one can identify $M_2\cong 0.7M_1$ relation similar to Figure~\ref{fig:Mc_masses} (b) for various models up to $M_1\sim 50{M}_{\odot}$.

\begin{figure}
    \centering
    \includegraphics[width=\hsize,height=0.65\hsize,bb=90 5 630 422]{M1_medM2.pdf}
    \caption{$M_2$ vs. $M_1$ of the BBHs which merge within the Hubble time, for various population synthesis simulation models of Pop III origin BBHs with IMF such as flat, $M^{-0.5}, M^{-1}, M^{-1.5}, M^{-2}$ and $M^{-2.35}$ (Salpeter), respectively. The mean values of median value of secondary mass $M_2$ for each primary mass $M_1$ are plotted. $M_2\cong 0.7M_1$ relation can be seen for all models up to $M_1\sim 50{M}_{\odot}$ similar to Figure~\ref{fig:Mc_masses} (b). For details of the simulations, see Section 2.2.}
    \label{fig:PopIII_m1m2}
\end{figure}

\subsection{Results from population synthesis of Pop III binaries}

To calculate the number of events from the population synthesis simulations, we need the observable distance for each binary.
Here, we treat only nonspinning equal mass binaries
to calculate the maximum observable redshift
$z_{\rm max}$ for the LIGO O3a-Livingston (O3a-L)
by using the inspiral--merger--ringdown waveform shown
in~\cite{Nakamura:2016hna,2021arXiv210106402N} (see also \cite{Kinugawa2021massgap} for the O3a-L sensitivity curve).
Although SNR (Signal-to-Noise Ratio) also depends on
the mass ratio,
we confirm for the O3a-L sensitivity that
the difference is at most $\sim 20\%$
for binaries with $M_{\rm chirp}=5$--$70{M}_{\odot}$ located at $z \leq 0.8$
in the case of $1/3 \leq q \leq 1$.
For a BBH with fixed chirp mass and redshift, the SNR difference
is related to the difference in the luminosity distance directly.
This difference is much smaller than errors ($\sim 300\%$)
in the LIGO/Virgo estimation of luminosity distances~\citep{2020arXiv201014527A}.
The maximum observable redshift $z_{\rm max}$
for BBHs with various $M_{\rm chirp}$ by setting
the average SNR $=8$ for O3a-L can be expressed by
a fitting function as
\begin{align}
z_{\rm max} =& 0.01319\,\frac{M_{\rm chirp}}{{M}_{\odot}}
-7.453 \times 10^{-6}\,\left(\frac{M_{\rm chirp}}{{M}_{\odot}}\right)^2
\cr &
-4.332 \times 10^{-7}\,\left(\frac{M_{\rm chirp}}{{M}_{\odot}}\right)^3 \,.
\label{eq:z_max}
\end{align}

We simulate $10^6$ Pop III binary evolutions using the binary population synthesis code~\citep{Kinugawa2014,Kinugawa2020}.
In this Letter, $10$--$100{M}_{\odot}$ Pop III stellar evolutions
are discussed because of the following two reasons.
First, the typical mass of Pop III stars is considered
to be several tens solar
mass~\citep[e.g.][]{Hosokawa_2011,Hirano_2014,Susa_2014,Tarumi2020}.
Second, the observed BH masses with mass $\lesssim 80{M}_{\odot}$, can be explained by Pop III stars with initial mass
$<100{M}_{\odot}$~\citep{Kinugawa2020}.

We treat 6 IMF models: flat, $M^{-0.5}$, $M^{-1}$, $M^{-1.5}$, $M^{-2}$, and Salpeter ($M^{-2.35}$) IMFs.
The flat model in this Letter is the same as M100 model
in~\cite{Kinugawa2020}.
In other models, we use the same initial distribution functions and binary parameters as those of the flat model except for IMF.
As for SFR as a function of the redshift $z$, we use that of~\cite{DeSouza_2011} with a factor of three smaller rate to be consistent with the restriction from CMB data
by Planck~\citep{Visbal_2015,Inayoshi_2016}.

Let us first define $R_{a,m}(t)$ as the merger rate density for individual mass `$m$' of the binary per co-moving volume at the cosmological time $t$ for a certain model `$a$' such as Pop III BBHs. Using Eq.~(90) in~\cite{Kinugawa2014},
$R_{a,m}(t)$ is given by
\begin{equation}
    R_{a,m}(t)=\int_0^t f_b\frac{{\rm SFR}(t')}
    {\langle M \rangle}\frac{N_{a,m}(t-t')}{N_{\rm tot}}dt'
    \,,
\label{eq:Ram}
\end{equation}
where $f_b$, ${\rm SFR}(t)$, $\langle M \rangle$, $N_{a,m}(t)\,dt$ and $N_{\rm tot}$ are the fraction of the total number of binaries to that of stars,
SFR per co-moving volume per cosmic time,
mean mass of the stars,
number of binary merger events for individual mass `$m$' at time interval $dt$ in a certain model `$a$' such as Pop III,
and the total number of merger events in the population synthesis simulation, respectively.
The physical meaning of the above equation is as follows.
First, because $f_b$={\rm (the number of binary stars)/(the number of stars)}, the maximum value of $f_b$ is $1/2$
while the fiducial value is $1/3$,
which means that $1/3$ of stars is a single star while $2/3$ is a binary.
Second, $\rm{SFR}(t')/\langle M \rangle$ is the formation  rate of the star in number.
We use the total mass density of Pop III stars is $\rho_{*,III}=6\times10^5~{M}_{\odot}\rm~Mpc^{-3}$~\citep{Inayoshi_2016}.
We assume that the redshift dependence of Pop III SFR is the  same as the Pop III SFR of~\cite{DeSouza_2011}.
Finally, $N_{a,m}(t)/N_{\rm tot}$ gives the fraction
of the binary merger at $t$ for individual mass `$m$'
in model `$a$'.

Using Eq.~(94) in~\cite{Kinugawa2014},
we obtain the expected number of events
up to the redshift $z$ for individual mass '$m$' by
\begin{equation}
N_{a,m}(z) = 4\pi \int_0^z R_{a,m}(z') [r(z')]^2
\frac{1}{1+z}
\frac{dr(z')}{dz'} dz' \,,
\label{eq:Nam}
\end{equation}
where $R_{a,m}(z)$ is given by using not '$t$' but '$z$'
as an independent variable, and $r(z)$ is the co-moving distance given by
$r(z) = (c/H_0) \int_0^z dz'
[\Omega_{\rm m}(1+z')^3+\Omega_{\rm \Lambda}]^{-1/2}$
where we use $H_0=67.74\, {\rm km\,s^{-1}\,Mpc^{-1}}$,
$\Omega_{\rm m}=0.3089$ and $\Omega_{\rm \Lambda}=1-\Omega_{\rm m}$ from~\cite{Planck_2015}.
The relation between the luminosity and co-moving distance
is given by $D_L(z) = (1+z)\,r(z)$.

\begin{figure*}
\begin{tabular}{cc}

      \begin{minipage}[t]{0.48\hsize}
        \centering
\includegraphics[width=\hsize,height=0.65\hsize,bb=90 5 630 422]{M1event.pdf}
\label{fig:ER_M1_PopIII}
\end{minipage}
      \begin{minipage}[t]{0.48\hsize}
        \centering
\includegraphics[width=\hsize,height=0.65\hsize,bb=90 5 630 422]{M2event.pdf}\\
\label{fig:ER_M2_PopIII}
\end{minipage} \\
      \begin{minipage}[t]{0.48\hsize}
        \centering
\includegraphics[width=\hsize,height=0.65\hsize,bb=90 5 630 422]{Mtotalevent.pdf}
\label{fig:ER_Mt_PopIII}
\end{minipage}
      \begin{minipage}[t]{0.48\hsize}
        \centering
\includegraphics[width=\hsize,height=0.65\hsize,bb=90 5 630 422]{Mchevent.pdf}
\end{minipage} \\

    \end{tabular}
    \caption{ Four kinds of mass, ($M_1$, $M_2$, $M_{\rm total}$ and $M_{\rm chirp}$),  distribution of the number of events during the O3a observation time by the population synthesis simulations of Pop III BBHs using Eq.~\eqref{eq:Nam} for various theoretical models of IMF. The purple, green, blue, magenta, yellow and navy lines show the estimation for the flat, $M^{-0.5}$, $M^{-1}$, $M^{-1.5}$, $M^{-2}$ and Salpeter ($M^{-2.35}$) IMFs, respectively.
    The black lines denote the O3a observation shown in Figure~\ref{fig:mass_distributions}.}
\label{fig:ER_Mc_PopIII}
\end{figure*}

\begin{table*}
\caption{Estimation of the minimum $\delta$ calculated
by using Eq.~\eqref{eq:est_delta} for $M_{\rm chirp}, M_1, M_2$ and $M_{\rm total}$
and the best fit value of the constant $\lambda$ shown in the parenthesis, respectively. We treat only the range of chirp mass of
$20\,{M}_{\odot} \leq M_{\rm chirp} \leq 100\,{M}_{\odot}$
and related ranges derived from the fitting functions shown in Figure~\ref{fig:Mc_masses} for the other masses. $\lambda \leq 1.0$ since we assume $f_b=1/3$.
The boldface number shows the minimum value of $\delta$ for  $M_{\rm chirp}$, $M_1$, $M_2$ and $M_{\rm total}$, respectively.
}
\label{tab:comparison}
\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{lcccccc}
\hline
 Value of $\delta~(\lambda)$ & flat & $M^{-0.5}$ & $M^{-1}$ & $M^{-1.5}$ & $M^{-2}$ & Salpeter ($M^{-2.35}$) \\
\hline
$M_{\rm chirp}$ & 13.7 (0.518)& 14.72 (0.568) & {\bf 12.5} (0.734) & 13.8 (0.950) & 24.9 (1.00) & 35.8 (1.00) \\
$M_1$ & 6.54 (0.402) & 8.02 (0.465)& 4.38 (0.611) & {\bf 3.22} (0.821) & 5.45 (1.00) & 14.7 (1.00) \\
$M_2$ & 27.5 (0.463) & 23.0 (0.533) & {\bf 20.3} (0.678) & 20.7 (0.875) & 23.3 (1.00) & 33.9 (1.00) \\
$M_{\rm total}$ & {\bf 7.59} (0.654) & 10.9 ( 0.710) & 9.59 (0.919) & 12.1 (1.00) & 26.3 (1.00) & 42.0 (1.00) \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
\end{table*}

Figure~\ref{fig:ER_Mc_PopIII} shows four kinds of mass ($M_1$, $M_2$, $M_{\rm total}$ and $M_{\rm chirp}$) distribution of the number of events  during the O3a observation time by the population synthesis simulations of Pop III BBHs using Eq.~\eqref{eq:Nam} for various theoretical models of IMF. The purple, green, blue, magenta, yellow and navy lines show the estimation for the flat, $M^{-0.5}$, $M^{-1}$, $M^{-1.5}$, $M^{-2}$ and Salpeter ($M^{-2.35}$) IMFs, respectively.
To determine which model is the best to explain the mass distributions of O3a data,
we compare the value of $\delta$ defined by
\begin{equation}
\label{eq:est_delta}
\delta = \sum_{i} (\lambda n_i^{\rm model}
-n_i^{\rm O3a})^2 \,,
\end{equation}
where $i$ is the number of each mass bin while
$n_i^{\rm O3a}$ and $n_i^{\rm model}$ are presented
in Figures~\ref{fig:mass_distributions}
and~\ref{fig:ER_Mc_PopIII}, respectively.
Using Eq.~\eqref{eq:est_delta},
we minimize $\delta$ as a function of $\lambda$.

In Eq.~\eqref{eq:est_delta},
we have introduced a variable $\lambda$
to fix SFR $\times f_b$ of the model.
Here, assuming the fiducial value $f_b=1/3$, we restrict $\lambda \leq 1.0$.
In Table~\ref{tab:comparison}, we show estimation of the minimum $\delta$ calculated
by using Eq.~\eqref{eq:est_delta} for $M_{\rm chirp}$, $M_1$, $M_2$ and $M_{\rm total}$
and the best fit value of the constant $\lambda$ shown in the parenthesis, respectively. Here, $\lambda =0.734$,
for example, means the model with 73.4\% of star formation rate compared with the fiducial one. We treat only the range of chirp mass of
$20\,{M}_{\odot} \leq M_{\rm chirp} \leq 100\,{M}_{\odot}$
and related ranges derived from the fitting functions shown in Figure~\ref{fig:Mc_masses} for the other mass.
The boldface number shows the minimum value of $\delta$ for  $M_{\rm chirp}$, $M_1$, $M_2$ and $M_{\rm total}$, respectively.
Since the best IMF is not the same for $M_{\rm chirp}$, $M_1$, $M_2$ and $M_{\rm total}$, we can only state that $0\leq \alpha \leq 1.5$ is preferred from the O3a data. We need more data  than those of O3a in order to say which IMF is the best.

In conclusion, our population synthesis simulations of Pop III stars show that for $M_{\rm chirp} > 20{M}_{\odot}$, four kinds of BH masses, i.e., $M_1$, $M_2$, $M_{\rm total}$ and $M_{\rm chirp}$, distributions of O3a data are consistent with a moderately decreasing IMF in the form of $f(M) \propto M^{-\alpha}$ with $0\leq \alpha \leq 1.5$. The distribution of $M_1$ and $M_2$ of simulation data agrees with $M_2\cong 0.7M_1$ relation from O3a.

\section*{Acknowledgment}

T. K. acknowledges support from the University of Tokyo Young Excellent Researcher program.
H. N. acknowledges support from
JSPS KAKENHI Grant Nos. JP16K05347 and JP17H06358.

\section*{Data Availability}

Results will be shared on reasonable request to corresponding author.

\bibliographystyle{mnras}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


We exist to make credit more equitable for everyone. We believe that context improves credit decisions. When a customer doesn't meet the criteria of a traditional credit bureau, we offer a second chance, by inviting customers to tell us about themselves.
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Aire partners with a range of lenders including Toyota Financial Services, Zopa and N Brown Group to name just a few. We're backed by venture capital funding.
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We're exploring a new commercial reseller opportunity with a Partner and this will require additional resource to ensure the opportunity is supported and made the success it promises to be. There are aspects of account management to the position, however the main focus will be enabling the Partner to be able to seamlessly resell and evangelise Aire to their customers. It's a new position for us, so will probably change and develop over time, depending on success and demand of this Partner, and others. It's Pre Sales in the sense that you will be working closely with the Partner, helping finesse and package-up the proposition.
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Agenda for the Planning Committee meeting on Tuesday 9th August 2016.
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text:
Fake heiress who dazzled New York elite sentenced to four to 12 years for fraud
By Euronews with REUTERS WORLD (EN) •et; last updated: 10/05/2019
A German woman who posed as a wealthy heiress to scam New York hotels, fashionable friends and banks with a blizzard of forged documents was sentenced to four to 12 years in prison on Thursday after a jury convicted her of fraud last month.
Anna Sorokin, 28, was better known to her Manhattan friends as Anna Delvey, a would-be socialite decked out in expensive clothes whose credit cards came back declined with unnerving frequency despite her talk of having a trust fund.
Before giving nearly the maximum possible sentence, Judge Diane Kiesel, of New York state Supreme Court, rebuked Sorokin as "blinded by the glitter and glamour of New York City."
"She wanted everything that big money could buy, except that Ms. Sorokin didn't have big money," Kiesel said in court, decrying Sorokin's taste for Sancerre wine and private jets. "All she had was a big scam."
Prosecutors say Sorokin stole $275,000 from others while pretending she had a fortune of 60 million euros ($67 million) through multiple acts of glamorous grifting in 2016 and 2017.
Sorokin has already spent more than 500 days in jail. She appeared in court in handcuffs wearing a black dress, black shoes and glasses with thick black frames.
Prosecutors pointed to her use of a stylist to pick out outfits for her trial as evidence that Sorokin lacked remorse.
"The only time she showed emotions was when she was crying because she was upset about the clothing she had received from the Department of Corrections," Catherine McCaw, a prosecutor with the Manhattan district attorney's office, told the court.
Sorokin, who was born in Russia before moving with her family to Germany as a teenager, spoke only to say she wanted "to apologise for the mistakes I made."
Moments later, the judge waved a letter of support from three of Sorokin's relatives, saying she did not know for sure if that document, too, was a forgery.
"This has consequences"
Prosecutors say Sorokin used forged bank statements to seek a loan of $22 million from a bank to fund a private arts club she wanted to open in Manhattan. She managed to get a $100,000 loan, which prosecutors said she never repaid. Sorokin used about $30,000 of that to cover her overdue bills at the fashionable 11 Howard hotel, where she was living.
Prosecutors said Sorokin also deposited bad checks amounting to $15,000 in an account with Signature Bank, managing to withdraw $8,200 in cash before the checks bounced, and used fake wire transfer receipts to trick victims.
A jury found her guilty on four counts of grand larceny and four counts of theft of services last month.
Sorokin's daily looks became the subject of a dedicated Instagram account with thousands of followers, which the judge nodded to in her sentencing remarks.
"I know she is a trendsetter and an influencer," Kiesel said, "so I think the message should be to the defendant and many of her fans out there that this has consequences."
U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement said in a statement that Sorokin was a German citizen who had illegally overstayed in the United States. The agency said it will seek to send her back to Germany once her sentence is served. Sorokin will be able to seek parole after she has served four years.
The writers Shonda Rhimes and Lena Dunham are separately working on adapting the Anna Delvey story for the screen, according to news reports.
This, too, did Sorokin no favours with the judge, who said that Sorokin, in jailhouse interviews, did not express remorse but instead "worried about who would play her in the Netflix series."
Watch: Rock star's welcome for goats arriving to eat their way through NYC park
Manning ordered to appear before new U.S. grand jury as she is freed from jail
Donald Trump falsely claims, again, that his father was born in Germany


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