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The EnvironmentStatements By Members
Bill Siksay NDP Burnaby—Douglas, BC
Mr. Speaker, tonight the House will have the opportunity to vote on a straightforward confidence motion sponsored by New Democrats. It expresses our deep frustration that, despite the urgent need to effectively address the climate change crisis, the Conservative government refuses to bring the clean air and climate change act to a vote.
The Conservatives' original clean air act did not have the support of the House, environmentalists or Canadians. That was when New Democrats succeeded in convincing all parties that the bill should be completely rewritten in a process whereby all parties could have input and influence.
It was rewritten. Now the new clean air and climate change act contains ideas championed by all parties and is supported by the environmental community.
Still the government refuses to bring it to a vote. Given the climate change crisis, this Parliament must act. By passing the clean air and climate change act, this Parliament can take action that will make a difference.
Canadians want action from this Parliament on climate change. The Conservatives have not taken their responsibility for climate change seriously. They do not have the confidence of Canadians when it comes to dealing with this crisis. They should not command the confidence of this House.
Medal of BraveryStatements By Members
Bruce Stanton Conservative Simcoe North, ON
Mr. Speaker, on February 29, I had the great honour of attending a commemoration at Rideau Hall that recognized a number of outstanding Canadians, including a constituent of mine from the village of Lafontaine, Ontario: Randy Smith, the Fire Chief of the Township of Tiny.
Fire Chief Smith and 10 others were awarded the Medal of Bravery for the courage and determination they displayed on August 27, 2004. On that date, a massive mudslide near Terrace, B.C., trapped two men in a river of mud and debris. Even with the threat of further mudslides and against heavy rain and thick mud, Randy and his colleagues risked their lives to rescue the two men.
Randy's wife, Donna, and their three children, Christine, Jason and Mark, are tremendously proud of Randy. I join with them in commending Randy and the 40 other true Canadian heroes who received Medals of Bravery last month and I invite all members of the House to also do so.
While I have the attention of the House, I might also congratulate the member for Cambridge, who happens to be celebrating his 50th birthday today.
Mohamed KohailStatements By Members
Bernard Patry Liberal Pierrefonds—Dollard, QC
Mr. Speaker, the Government of Canada has to be vigilant in cases where Canadian citizens are being detained abroad, especially in countries that still have the death penalty.
This is not a matter of interfering in another country's business, but of ensuring that all the rights of each Canadian citizen are respected and, more importantly, that each gets a fair trial.
In the case of Mohamed Kohail, who is being held in Saudi Arabia and is sentenced to death, his lawyer was present just once in the nine phases of the trial and the witnesses in his client's defence were disallowed.
In light of the very short deadline before Mohamed Kohail's execution, it is imperative that the Government of Canada act swiftly to have his rights and defence respected and heard.
Canadian Coast Guard AuxiliaryStatements By Members
Gerald Keddy Conservative South Shore—St. Margaret's, NS
Mr. Speaker, I rise today to pay tribute to the men and women of the Canadian Coast Guard Auxiliary, maritime region. The auxiliary's 16 directors, under the able chairmanship of Frank McLaughlin, just completed its annual meeting in Halifax. This volunteer organization, which is staffed primarily by fishing captains and their crews, successfully participate in over 200 search and rescue missions annually.
Under the direction of the Joint Rescue Coordination Centre Halifax, the Coast Guard Auxiliary Maritimes was tasked to go to sea in over 5,200 missions since it was formed in 1978. These 732 skilled mariners are constantly upgrading their search and rescue skills and risk their lives to ensure that those in peril on the sea are brought back to land safely.
I wish to pay tribute to and give thanks for the brave service and high level of technical capability these courageous volunteers provide for all Canadians and indeed all international mariners who travel the waters off our east coast.
Maison au DiapasonStatements By Members
Christian Ouellet Bloc Brome—Missisquoi, QC
Mr. Speaker, it is my pleasure to acknowledge in this House the excellent work of a group of citizens from my riding who are dedicated to the well-being of those nearing the end of life.
These are citizens from Brome—Missisquoi and Haute-Yamaska who initiated the project for a regional palliative care centre: the Maison au Diapason. In addition to palliative care for the terminally ill, the centre will provide specialized technical and psychological support to the afflicted families.
The centre, which will be located in Bromont, is an eight-room house with living rooms and space for the families. The public is contributing to this project through numerous fundraising activities. A few months ago, a group successfully climbed Mount Kilimanjaro and, these days, volunteers are selling bricks, symbolizing the construction of the house, for just a few dollars.
I wish the best of luck to the support team at the Maison au Diapason.
InfrastructureStatements By Members
Wajid Khan Conservative Mississauga—Streetsville, ON
Mr. Speaker, last year the government set aside $83 million for public transit infrastructure in Mississauga. I am delighted that the contribution agreements were recently signed. this money is now flowing to the municipality for this long overdue project.
Mississauga has been waiting for 12 longs years for this funding. That is because for 10 years the previous Liberal successive governments ignored the needs of Mississauga.
I thank the Prime Minister, as well as the Minister of Finance, and the Minister of Transport, Infrastructure and Communities for helping the people of Mississauga.
This government continues to address the infrastructure deficit left by the successive Liberal governments. We are investing in the future with our building Canada plan, which will deliver $33 billion to municipalities over seven years. In budget 2008 we are making the gas tax fund permanent so municipalities can better plan and finance their infrastructure.
As we can see, the Conservative government is investing in the infrastructure that Canada needs.
TibetStatements By Members
Larry Bagnell Liberal Yukon, YT
Mr. Speaker, today marks the 49th anniversary of the uprising of the Tibetan people, that fateful day in 1959 when Tibetans took to the streets of Tibet's capital, Lhasa, to protest China's invasion and illegal occupation of Tibet.
Like thousands of people around the world, we in the Canadian Parliament remember those who have stood up for what they believe in. Like those courageous people 49 years ago and those who still struggle valiantly inside Tibet, we are standing up for what we believe in and demanding a peaceful resolution of the Tibetan issue.
As a member of the Parliamentary Friends of Tibet, I had the privilege of meeting His Holiness the Dalai Lama during his recent visit to Canada, and talking about Yukon and Burma. In his presence, one is overwhelmed by the grace and peace that has sustained for a lifetime his epic struggle for his people in Tibet and the autonomy that is rightfully theirs and will return to them one day.
National Community Development TrustStatements By Members
Daniel Petit Conservative Charlesbourg—Haute-Saint-Charles, QC
Mr. Speaker, last week, in the presence of a minister representing the Quebec government, our Minister of Transport, Infrastructure and Communities announced that the Government of Canada will be allocating $216.9 million over three years to the Government of Quebec as part of the new national community development trust to help vulnerable communities and workers.
The trust builds on other initiatives brought in by our government to shelter the country's economy from instability in international markets and to make Canada stronger and more prosperous in the long term.
Once again, the Conservative members have fought for Quebec workers while the Bloc, always empty-handed, has done nothing more than concoct ideas about Quebec separation.
The Bloc Québécois can provide no real results, nor can it provide any money. All it can do is talk and talk, condemned to eternity on the opposition benches.
The BudgetStatements By Members
Charlie Angus NDP Timmins—James Bay, ON
Mr. Speaker, the Conservative-Liberal budget has done nothing for the working families of northern Ontario. At a time when oil is peaking at above $100 a barrel, there is no plan to stop the gouging at the pumps, which is affecting consumers across the north.
Even worse is the fact that there no plan in place to help rural people who are stuck with increasingly high fuel bills. I know senior citizens who are paying over $900 a month just to stay warm. The problem is if people have an oil boiler in northern Ontario, it is difficult to convert to other alternative technologies.
That is why we need a plan to move to a greener technology for rural people. I would suggest wood pellets because the pellets can be created out of any kind of wood waste. It is a much greener technology.
The fact is the government has to stop protecting its buddies in the oil patch and start recognizing that rural people in northern Ontario deserve a government with a vision for a sustainable future.
Jutra AwardsStatements By Members
Marcel Proulx Liberal Hull—Aylmer, QC
Mr. Speaker, last night, Quebec's best film actors, directors, producers and creators were honoured at the Jutra awards ceremony.
Hosted by the lively Normand Brathwaite, the 10th Jutra awards celebrated outstanding performances, with awards won by Roy Dupuis for Shake Hands with the Devil, and Guylaine Tremblay for Contre toute espérance, subtitled Summit Circle in English, and also highlighted outstanding direction, with an award won by Stéphane Lafleur for Continental, a film without guns.
The evening also showed us that our film industry is alive and well, and that it is able to reach a large audience and touch many people across the province and throughout the world.
I ask all of my colleagues to join me in congratulating all the Jutra award winners and participants.
Monique Guay Bloc Rivière-du-Nord, QC
Mr. Speaker, last night, the 10th annual Jutra awards gala was held. The gala first toured several cinemas in Quebec from February 25 to 28, presenting the four films in the best film category. To commemorate the 10th anniversary of the awards, a retrospective of Quebec's best films from the past ten years was presented. This year's best film was Continental, a film without guns.
The Jutra for best actor went to Roy Dupuis for his portrayal of General Dallaire in the movie Shake Hands with the Devil. Guylaine Tremblay won the Jutra in the best actress category for her role in the film Contre toute espérance (Summit Cirlcle). The Jutra-Hommage tribute award went to an important director who is considered a key witness of our times and our history, Jean-Claude Labrecque. The quality of the films and documentaries made by this man, who views cinema as a means of presenting history, is remarkable.
Congratulations to all the winners and everyone who was nominated.
Visitor VisasStatements By Members
Borys Wrzesnewskyj Liberal Etobicoke Centre, ON
Mr. Speaker, I am proud to report that after three years of hard work, informing, petitioning, cajoling, my Motion No. 19 and its previous incarnation, Motion No. 238, calling on the government to lift visitor visa requirements for the new EU member states of the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland and Slovakia, was finally implemented in its entirety.
Nineteen years ago the Iron Curtain came down and, finally, a week ago Canada's visa curtain came down as well. It is immensely gratifying that this Easter will be the first that families and friends from Poland, Hungary, the Baltic states, Slovakia and the Czech Republic will be able to visit their loved ones in Canada, and all it will take is the purchase of a plane ticket.
It is rare for the contents of an opposition private member's motion to be adopted in its entirety by the government. I am humbled by the support I received in the thousands of communications and petitions from individuals in diaspora organizations throughout Canada.
Together we were many and we made it happen.
Child CareStatements By Members
Chris Warkentin Conservative Peace River, AB
Mr. Speaker, the Liberals continue to demonstrate their distrust in the ability of parents to take care of their own children.
The member for Beaches—East York has said that parents are only capable of providing child minding, not child care.
Just last week the Liberal MP for Scarborough—Guildwood called the universal child care benefit "a cheesy program". What an insult to the over 1.4 million families that benefit from this program.
Our plan helps parents pay for the type of care that is best for their families, and it has lifted approximately 55,000 children out of low income status.
The previous Liberal government promised a so-called national child care program in every election since 1993. Sheila Copps said it right when she said, "The Liberal plan is a cash cow for government while families are cash poor".
As our Prime Minister has said:
Children aren't raised in academic faculties or government offices or the boardrooms of social activists. Children are raised in families, so that's where the money flows.
Access to CBC/Radio-CanadaStatements By Members
Louise Thibault Independent Rimouski-Neigette—Témiscouata—Les Basques, QC
Mr. Speaker, the transmission of solid and credible information is vital to the life of a community. For this reason, all taxpayers annually fund the CBC/Radio-Canada, a public network that broadcasts information and promotes culture.
Given that all Canadians contribute to its funding, the network should reflect the reality of citizens living in the communities it serves. Since 1990, the Téléjournal de l'Est du Québec has been produced in Quebec City. What would Torontonians say if their news broadcasts were produced in Montreal?
Even worse. CBC/Radio-Canada does not intend to replace its analog signal east of Rimouski. That means that for CBC/Radio-Canada there are two classes of citizens: they pay the same price but do not receive the same service.
People in eastern Quebec deserve to be included in the CBC/Radio-Canada network and do not accept the withdrawal of service.
EthicsOral Questions
Saint-Laurent—Cartierville Québec
Stéphane Dion LiberalLeader of the Opposition
Mr. Speaker, I would like something clarified for Canadians. Is it true that the first time the Prime Minister learned of a financial offer to Mr. Cadman was during his meeting with Mrs. Cadman on September 9, 2005?
James Moore ConservativeParliamentary Secretary to the Minister of Public Works and Government Services and for the Pacific Gateway and the Vancouver-Whistler Olympics
Mr. Speaker, the Liberal approach and story on this seems to be shifting quite dramatically as well, as is usually the case with the Liberals.
The only meeting that happened, as I have said time and again, was on May 19. We have been very clear about that and consistent on that fact.
Mr. Speaker, I do not think the member understood the question. I will repeat it.
When did the Prime Minister first hear about the financial offer made to Mr. Cadman? Was it on September 9 during his meeting with Mrs. Cadman, yes or no? The question is clear. Will the member answer it?
Mr. Speaker, the problem with the question is that there was no financial offer. There was no offer.
Mr. Speaker, so why, on the tape, does the Prime Minister speak about a financial offer? Why, on the tape, does he speak about financial insecurity, financial issues and financial considerations?
If the Prime Minister was speaking the truth on the tape, why is the member opposite trying to mislead this House?
The Prime Minister said on tape that there was a financial offer made to Mr. Cadman, but he tried to say to his operatives "do not press Mr. Cadman". This is the truth.
No, Mr. Speaker, it is not the truth no matter how many times the Leader of the Opposition might have to tell himself to try to convince himself of that.
The Liberals have already made up their minds on this issue. They have decided that the Prime Minister was aware and complicit in a crime. They are false on that issue and they are going to have to--
James Moore Conservative Port Moody—Westwood—Port Coquitlam, BC
They cheer now, but they will not be cheering in the very near future.
Michael Ignatieff Liberal Etobicoke—Lakeshore, ON
Mr. Speaker, the Prime Minister himself is on tape confirming that an offer to Mr. Cadman dealt with financial considerations. Canadians have still not been told what were those considerations.
Mr. Cadman and his family had legitimate financial concerns about what would happen after his death. It just seems obvious that the Conservatives made an offer to address those concerns.
So again, and we will keep on until we get an answer, what specific financial offer was made to address the concerns of Mr. Cadman and his family?
Mr. Speaker, the specific offer given to Chuck Cadman, the specific offer of May 19 had three components: first, to rejoin the Conservative caucus; second, we would help him secure the Conservative Party nomination; and third, we would support him in his re-election in whatever financial help he might need getting re-elected as a Conservative candidate. Those are the three elements he received.
Mr. Speaker, he did not need a Conservative nomination. He was not going to run. He did not need their help.
How long will they keep repeating these stories? No one believes them.
So I ask the member again, what financial considerations were offered to Mr. Cadman and his family?


There are a total of 34 premises in this area.
A street corner pub overlooking the harbour and lighthouse. The bar has a tiled floor and wood panelled bar with marble foot rest and hosts a Rayburn cooker. The back lounge is long and narrow and open sectioned with wood and tile flooring. It leads to the large beer garden at the rear. Food available. Friendly staff.
A small street corner pub. To one side is the public bar with tiled floor and wood fronted bar and pine panelled rear. It has a dartboard and pictures of local sporting heroes and comfortable seating. A door leads out to the back beer garden and the outside men's toilets which includes the original wall urinal but now refurbished. The other side leads to a comfortable and well laid out lounge bar (internal ladies toilet) with good décor.
Old fashioned small and narrow bar with concrete floor and wood panel bar. Original narrow bar shelving on a plain wall. Original lounge still using serving hatch. Lacquered painting over fireplace done by local artist. Windows still have the bullet proof metal shields. A funeral director business and the pub itself are run by the mother. Open 7-11. Trad Irish music most Sat evenings.
Believed to be older than 1771, the pub has a traditional, small front room with an open fire and very small sidde lounge with old fashioned grate fire. The back lounge (with a roaring fire to be aware of) extends into a bistro style lounge and an upstairs restaurant with a fine vaulted, tongue in groove ceiling. The new owners have a right to be proud of the fine cask ales sold to compliment superb food and a great selection of teas and coffees. Annual well attended beer festivals. Friendly staff. Now doing live music of the classical type. Still running the Beerfest in August.
Dating from 1758 as a coaching inn, with timbers from a 16th century church, this family pub is renown for the cuisine of Derek Patterson, a chef of remarkable talents and a world wide catering education. A multi level pub, the front lounge is beamed and covered with brasses and memorabilia. There is a modernised upstairs bistro and a back restaurant - Simply Seafood". "BarRetro" is at the back in the car park area. They also run a gourmet club.
CAMRA "Pub of the Year" award winner.


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SOTEU 2022: The 2023 European Year of Skills must be geared towards learning
News - 14th September 2022
On 14 September, the President of the European Commission, Ursula von der Leyen, addressed the European Parliament during their Plenary Session for the customary, annual, State of the European Union (SOTEU) Address. SOTEU 2022 emerges in the context of the ongoing conflict in Ukraine. In the presence of Ukraine's First Lady, Olena Zelenska, Ursula von der Leyen reiterated the support and solidarity that the EU will show towards Ukraine in these historical challenges that threaten Europe's democratic values. In this context, SOTEU 2022 recognised the importance of Ukrainian young learners in times where they were deprived from their education.
The European Commission is also preparing a Communication to propose changes to the EU fiscal rules. Some of it might go in the same direction as LLLP's current campaign on Public Investment in Quality Education and Training. It remains to be seen if these are ready to make public investment in education and training more flexible.
Education and training was further referenced in SOTEU 2022 which addressed how the pandemic recovery, the digitalization process, the climate crisis response and the fight against attacks on European values require education and training. In this context, Ursula von der Leyen has announced 2023 as the European Year of Skills. The attention placed on the validation and recognition of prior qualifications is laudable, as well as on the support provided to European learners to adapt to the current crisis. However, SOTEU 2022 reveals a danger of conflating learning, and the adaptation to fight any challenge of our current times, to labour market participation. The European Year of Skills was announced on the backdrop of the recognition that EU unfilled job vacancies are at a record high and of the requirement for learners to adapt to labour market needs. This misguided approach to learning is inconsistent to President von der Leyen's pleas in SOTEU 2022 for changing the paradigm when thinking about the climate crisis, the promotion of democracy, the crisis recovery and the realisation of the social market. The meaningful engagement of education and training stakeholders in the European Year of Skills is the only way forward and LLLP looks forward to actively participating in the process, as this can ensure that any initiative will be learner-centred and attuned to the needs of the learners rather than those of the labour market.
LLLP looks forward to work in the framework of the European Year of Skills given how crucial skills development is, but will continue promoting a lifelong and life-wide learning approach that goes beyond the labour market and aims to holistically develop learners, supporting them in reaching self-fulfilment and becoming active participants in society, especially as learning must be based on the needs of the learners.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Il Castello del Louvre, era un castello fatto costruire da Filippo II di Francia per rinforzare la difesa delle mura che egli aveva fatto costruire attorno alla capitale, Parigi. Venne successivamente demolito in diversi stadi per fare spazio all'attuale Palazzo del Louvre. Era posto sulla riva destra della Senna.

La fortezza

Prima della sua partenza per la terza crociata nel 1190, Filippo II volle proteggere Parigi, la capitale del suo regno, da future invasioni. In particolare, egli intendeva difendere Parigi dai soldati inglesi che ancora stazionavano in Normandia. Filippo II era inoltre alla ricerca di un luogo ove custodire al sicuro i suoi tesori e i suoi archivi. Questi archivi erano già andati perduti nella battaglia di Fréteval del 1194 contro Riccardo Cuor di Leone e il sovrano li aveva pazientemente ricostruiti, motivo per cui non intendeva perderli nuovamente.

Egli ordinò la costruzione di un sistema di mura che portano il suo nome attorno a Parigi tra il 1190 ed il 1209 sulla riva destra della Senna e tra il 1200 ed il 1215 sulla riva sinistra, meno esposta. Il castello del Louvre si trovava ad ovest, ed i soldati inglesi che occupavano la Normandia a meno di 100 chilometri di distanza. Uno dei motivi per difendere la capitale era la passata invasione vichinga dell'845 che fu quasi sul punto di distruggere la città.

Il castello era composto da una fortezza quadrata di 78 m x 72 m, circondata da un fossato largo dieci metri alimentato dall'acqua della Senna. Le mura sul lato ovest, di guardia alla campagna, erano più spesse e senza porte se comparate alle altre mura perché dovevano difendere un'area più esposta. Il perimetro era rinforzato da dieci torri difensive e altre si trovavano agli angoli del castello. Lo stato tra le torri non poteva mai essere superiore a 25 metri, ovvero la distanza effettiva corrispondente ad una freccia scoccata da un arco all'epoca. Queste erano costellate di balestriere per difendere i bastioni. Il castello aveva due entrate, con la principale verso il fronte della Senna e la secondaria, più piccola, ad est, verso la città. I portali erano protetti da ponti levatoi con torri. Due altre strutture ospitavano la guarnigione e l'arsenale.

Una prigione chiamata Grosse Tour (Grande Torre in francese) venne costruita nel 1200 al centro del cortile. Essa era una torre circolare del diametro di 15,6 metri e dell'altezza di 30 metri con uno spessore di muri alla base di 4,25 metri. Il tutto era circondato da un fossato di 9 metri di lunghezza e 6 di profondità. Questo fossato non era ripieno d'acqua, ma era pavimentato con pietre di forma irregolare. I tetti erano corredati da piombatoie. Il castello era dotato anche di un pozzo e di una cappella, il tutto per sopperire a lunghi periodi di assedio.

Filippo Augusto scelse di costruire il castello in forma circolare anziché squadrata per ragioni militari, dal momento che i pionieri nemici avrebbero potuto scalare meno facilmente una torre cilintrica.

La fortezza aveva inizialmente la funzione di rifugio militare per il re. Ad ogni modo, essa accoglieva fondamentalmente il tesoro reale e gli archivi e tale rimase sino a Filippo il Bello. Fu utilizzata anche come prigione sino al XIV secolo. Tra i prigionieri di rilievo che qui vennero incarcerati si ricorda Ferdinando del Portogallo, conte di Fiandra, sconfitto e catturato nella battaglia di Bouvines del 1214, che qui rimase per tredici anni.

Il castello era un tipico esempio di architettura filippiana.

Residenza reale

Per ordine di Luigi IX di Francia, il castello venne ingrandito e vennero aggiunte nuove stanze senza più propositi difensivi tra cui la Salle Saint-Louis nel 1230–1240.

Durante il regno di Carlo V di Francia (r. 1364-1380), Parigi si estese oltre le mura di Filippo II. Il sovrano costruì una nuova cinta muraria per includere queste nuove aree, tra le quali figurava anche il castello. Re Carlo decise di sacrificare il ruolo di alcune strutture militari per rendere il castello più facilmente abitabile e sicuro, rendendolo così una vera e propria residenza reale. Il re era particolarmente preoccupato per la sicurezza sua e della sua famiglia dopo la rivolta del 22 febbraio 1358, guidata da Étienne Marcel, il capo della gilda dei mercanti, che minacciò il re nel Palais de la Cité. Questo graduale cambiamento portò il castello a perdere gran parte dei propri propositi originali in campo militare.

L'architetto del re, Raymond du Temple, vi aggiunse delle torri, delle statue e nuove superfici abitabili, oltre a nuove aperture seppur strette. Carlo V di Francia convertì la torre nord, nota come Torre della Falconeria, in Biblioteca Reale, con 900 manoscritti antichi.

La miniatura Très Riches Heures du Duc de Berry mostra il castello del Louvre all'epoca, dando un'idea generale dell'aspetto della fortezza, pur mutata con abbellimenti e decorazioni che erano stati aggiunti proprio a partire dal Trecento.

Durante la Guerra dei Cent'anni, i soldati inglesi comandati da Enrico V d'Inghilterra, alleato dei borgognoni che controllavano Parigi, entrarono in città. Nel dicembre del 1420, gli inglesi occuparono il castello del Louvre senza colpo ferire. Rimasero a Parigi sino al 1436.

La progressiva demolizione del complesso e la Cour Carrée

Nel 1525, Francesco I di Francia venne sconfitto a Pavia e fatto prigioniero. Durante la sua prigionia, la corte interferì con le decisioni del re utilizzando il proprio droit de remontrance ("diritto alla rimostranza"). Il re dovette emettere un lit de justice il 24, 26 e 27 luglio del 1526 per ribadire la propria autorità e decise per questo di tornare in patria e fare del castello del Louvre la propria residenza principale, per meglio controllare Parigi. Come simbolo della propria ritrovata autorità, ordinò la demolizione delle antiche carceri nel 1528 per costruirvi un palazzo in stile rinascimentale italiano. Nel 1546, incaricò l'architetto Pierre Lescot di costruire un palazzo moderno nello spirito dell'architettura rinascimentale, con un grande hôtel particulier e stanze cerimoniali. Dopo la morte di Francesco I nel 1547, suo figlio Enrico II di Francia continuò il lavoro di Pierre Lescot. Tra il dicembre del 1546 ed il marzo del 1549, fece abbattere le mura ad ovest per costruirvi una sala da ballo e la parte sud per accogliere il padiglione reale (1553–1556), il quale ospitò gli appartamenti reali ed una piccola galleria.

Dopo la morte di Enrico II, la sua vedova Caterina de' Medici continuò lo sviluppo dell'ala sud degli appartamenti. Dal 1564 in poi, diede ad ogni modo priorità alla costruzione del Palazzo delle Tuileries e del suo giardino.

Sotto Enrico III di Francia, il Louvre divenne uno spazio per la corte, un luogo di intrattenimento ed anche sede di una serie di importanti eventi storici come ad esempio il matrimonio tra Enrico IV di Francia e Margherita di Valois che portò poi alla notte di San Bartolomeo nel 1572.

Durante il suo regno, Enrico IV diede l'ordine di distruggere gli ultimi elementi medievali presenti nell'ala sud, incluso il fossato, per costruire la Grande Galerie per connettere il Louvre alle Tuileries. Questa venne completata nel 1610. Egli iniziò inoltre la costruzione della Cour Carrée sulla base della già esistente ala Lescot. La superficie era quattro volte più grande rispetto all'originale corte medievale. Vennero distrutte anche altre costruzioni accessorie nel piazzale. Questo progetto, chiamato le Grand Dessein ("il Gran Disegno"), aveva anche la funzione militare di stabilire un passaggio coperto tra il Louvre e le Tuileries al di fuori delle mura della città. Enrico IV creò questo lungo percorso che poteva essere corso anche a cavallo in caso di rivolta.

Per recuperare appieno il proprio potere, il 24 aprile 1617, il giovane Luigi XIII di Francia fece uccidere Concino Concini, il favorito di sua madre Maria de' Medici, proprio sull'entrata del castello.

Luigi XIII fece demolire la parte nord di mura del castello per estendervi l'ala Lescot e dare simmetria al complesso. La parte est venne demolita da Luigi XIV per permettere la costruzione del colonnato del Louvre.

I resti

Nel corso del XIX secolo, vennero ritrovate le prigioni, assieme a due dei quattro muri che non vennero mai completamente demoliti, oltre alle pietre usate per riempire il fossato in preparazione della costruzione del palazzo del Louvre.

Durante la costruzione del Museo de Louvre, le parti ritrovate del castello medievale vennero ripulite e un'ulteriore campagna di scavi trovò anche una serie di oggetti di vita comune. Tali aree sono oggi accessibili al pubblico con un percorso dedicato nel museo chiamato Louvre Medieval.

Note

Bibliografia
 Jean-Pierre Babelon, D'un fossé à l'autre. Vingt ans de recherches sur le Louvre, dans Revue de l'Art, 1987, tome 78, n°1, p. 5-25 (lire en ligne)
 Mary Whiteley, Le Louvre de Charles V : dispositions et fonctions d'une résidence royale, dans Revue de l'Art, 1992, tome 97, n°1, p. 60-71 (lire en ligne)
 Monique Chatenet, Le logis de François Ier au Louvre, dans Revue de l'Art, 1992, tome 97, n°1, p. 72-75 (lire en ligne)
 Denis Hayot, Une nouvelle vision du rapport entre le Louvre et l'enceinte de Philippe Auguste à Paris, dans Bulletin monumental, 2013, tome 171, n°1, p.|3-10 (lire en ligne)

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

Louvre
Louvre

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Cincinnati Reds Call Up Outfielder
Michael DeRosa September 21, 2022 Cincinnati Reds
The Cincinnati Reds have called up Michael Siani to their major league roster.
To earn this promotion, Siani needed to get his contract selected to the Reds' 40-man roster, and he did just that. Now, the 22-year-old outfielder is set to make his major league debut, and that is amazing news for the Pennsylvania native.
With Nick Senzel out for the rest of the year, it opened the door to Siani being called up. With the Reds being completely out of the playoff picture, they can take a chance on the youngster and see what he's capable of doing. If he impresses, perhaps we will see him in the majors in 2023, too.
In 129 games this season split between Double-A and Triple-A, Siani has 14 home runs, 55 RBIs, and a .252 batting average. Overall, those are pretty decent numbers, but we will need to see if they can translate over to the majors from here.
Photo Credit: © Kareem Elgazzar via Imagn Content Services, LLC


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And so shall we investigate an amazing number of threshold concepts of which will obviously really encourage people.


text:
Q: Entity Framework Migration Inheritance without creating the parent table I have database objects that all inherit from a parent class with some base properties.
Base Entity
public abstract class Entity : IAuditable
{
    public int Id { get; set; }
    public string CreatedBy { get; set; }
    public int? CreatedDate { get; set; }
    public string UpdateBy { get; set; }
    public int? UpdatedDate { get; set; }
}

Base Entity Configuration file
public EntityConfiguration()
{
    HasKey(e => e.Id);

    Property(e => e.Id)
        .HasDatabaseGeneratedOption(DatabaseGeneratedOption.Identity);

    Property(e => e.CreatedBy)
        .IsUnicode(false)
        .HasMaxLength(255);

    Property(e => e.UpdatedBy)
        .IsUnicode(false)
        .HasMaxLength(255);
}

I subclass entity on all the child classes to inherit the common properties
public class User : Entity
{
    public string FirstName { get; set; }
    public string LastName { get; set; }
}

DbContext
public class SomeContext : DbContext
{
    public SomeContext() : base("name=DefaultConnection")
    {
    }

    public static SomeContext Create()
    {
        return new SomeContext();
    }

    public DbSet<Collaboration> Users { get; set; }

    protected override void OnModelCreating(DbModelBuilder modelBuilder)
    {
        modelBuilder.Configurations.Add(new EntityConfiguration());
        modelBuilder.Configurations.Add(new UserConfiguration());
    }
}

When I create the migrations It will create all the inherited properties correctly but it still creates the parent class (Entity) even though I don't have a DbSet. If I remove the line that adds the configuration settings in the OnModelCreating method I don't get the max lengths and Unicode settings.
Is there a way to use the configuration properties without actually creating the parent table and without adding the configurations to all the subclass configuration files.

A: This approach of inheritance with EF Code first is the Table per Concrete Type TPC Hierarchy
In the link you can find all the logic with examples on how to implement it. I know I shouldn't provide links but check the link, it has everything :)
Examples, Code explanation, graphs and images. I think it is exactly what you need to understand the TPC.

A: First remove your Base EntityConfiguration class as  you don't want to generate database table for it
Solution-1: Using Data Annotation
Your Base Entity class should be as follows:
public abstract class Entity
{
        [Key]
        [DatabaseGenerated(DatabaseGeneratedOption.Identity)]
        public int Id { get; set; }

        [MaxLength(255)]
        [Column(TypeName = "Varchar")]
        public string CreatedBy { get; set; }

        public DateTime? CreatedDate { get; set; }

        [MaxLength(255)]
        [Column(TypeName = "Varchar")]
        public string UpdateBy { get; set; }

        public DateTime? UpdatedDate { get; set; }
 }

and then your DbContext should be as follows:
public class SomeContext : DbContext
{
    public SomeContext() : base("name=DefaultConnection")
    {
    }

    public static SomeContext Create()
    {
        return new SomeContext();
    }

    public DbSet<User> Users { get; set; }

    protected override void OnModelCreating(DbModelBuilder modelBuilder)
    {
        modelBuilder.Configurations.Add(new UserConfiguration());
    }

}

Solution-2: Using Fluent API
Your Base Entity configuration in the DbContext should be as follows:
public class SomeContext : DbContext
{
    public SomeContext() : base("name=DefaultConnection")
    {
    }

    public static SomeContext Create()
    {
        return new SomeContext();
    }

    public DbSet<Collaboration> Users { get; set; }

    protected override void OnModelCreating(DbModelBuilder modelBuilder)
    {
       modelBuilder.Types<Entity>().Configure(c =>
        {
            c.HasKey(e => e.Id);

            c.Property(e => e.Id).HasDatabaseGeneratedOption(DatabaseGeneratedOption.Identity);

            c.Property(e => e.CreatedBy)
                .IsUnicode(false)
                .HasMaxLength(255);

            c.Property(e => e.UpdateBy)
                .IsUnicode(false)
                .HasMaxLength(255);
        });
        modelBuilder.Configurations.Add(new UserConfiguration());
    }
}

On both cases Migration will generate Users Table as follows:
public override void Up()
{
            CreateTable(
                "dbo.Users",
                c => new
                    {
                        Id = c.Int(nullable: false, identity: true),
                        FirstName = c.String(),
                        LastName = c.String(),
                        CreatedBy = c.String(maxLength: 255, unicode: false),
                        CreatedDate = c.DateTime(),
                        UpdateBy = c.String(maxLength: 255, unicode: false),
                        UpdatedDate = c.DateTime(),
                    })
                .PrimaryKey(t => t.Id);

  }

Hope your problem will be solved!

A: If anyone is interested here are the two solutions that I came up with. I opted for the second one as it seems to be the more accurate solution.
Solution 1
Use the Types configuration to the base class and anything inheriting the base class will also inherit the configuration.
protected override void OnModelCreating(DbModelBuilder modelBuilder)
{
    modelBuilder.Types<Entity>().Configure(c =>
    {
        c.HasKey(e => e.Id);

        c.Property(e => e.Id)
            .HasDatabaseGeneratedOption(DatabaseGeneratedOption.Identity);

        c.Property(e => e.CreatedBy)
            .IsUnicode(false)
            .HasMaxLength(255);

        c.Property(e => e.UpdatedBy)
            .IsUnicode(false)
            .HasMaxLength(255);
    });

    modelBuilder.Configurations.Add(new UserConfiguration());
}

Solution 2
Use a combination of Generics, Interfaces and Inheritance to create a base EntityTypeConfiguration class. Then have other entity type configurations classes inherit from it.
public interface IEntity
{
    int Id { get; set; }
}

public interface IAuditable
{
    string CreatedBy { get; set; }
    DateTime? CreatedDate { get; set; }
    string UpdatedBy { get; set; }
    DateTime? UpdatedDate { get; set; }
}

public class EntityConfiguration<T> : EntityTypeConfiguration<T> where T : class, IEntity, IAuditable
{
    public EntityConfiguration()
    {
        HasKey(e => e.Id);

        Property(e => e.Id)
            .HasDatabaseGeneratedOption(DatabaseGeneratedOption.Identity);

        Property(e => e.CreatedBy)
            .IsUnicode(false)
            .HasMaxLength(255);

        Property(e => e.UpdatedBy)
            .IsUnicode(false)
            .HasMaxLength(255);
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


them. Clearly the leaders of the movement were feeling their way to different solutions of the practical problem, but there was a strong tendency in the early days to regard water baptism as inessential to a Gospel Church. On this issue we must hear Captain Jenkin Jones, the Jenkin Jones already mentioned as visiting Llanigon to administer communion, Jenkin Jones of Llanddeti (Llanthetty), Breconshire, zealous preacher, vigorous troop officer in the Parliamentary forces, persistent political activist, a kind of Puritan Owain Glyndwr who, after being finally crushed, seems to have disappeared mysteriously from the haunts of men, surely one of the outstanding personalities of Welsh Puritanism and the head and shield of the Llanigon church in the furious decade that ended in crisis in 1650. Born at Ty Mawr in Llanddeti parish in 1623, educated at Jesus College, Oxford, from 1639, he became conspicuous as preacher and soldier in the Civil War. His second wife was Barbara, daughter of Sir Anthony Mansel, of Briton Ferry and niece of the Bussy Mansel who led the Parlia- mentary troops in Glamorgan. When civil strife broke out afresh in 1648 he could be seen leading his cavalry through Gloucester, the troops who had been clothed by his neighbour at Llanddeti and kinsman by marriage, the captain-tailor John Morgan; while in all his undertakings he was aided by his faithful friend Roger Games of Tre-gaer, Llanfrynach, descendant of Dafydd Gam, Glyndwr's old enemy, and ancestor of Dr. Thomas Coke, another fighter with other weapons in another age.25 We can well imagine Jenkin Jones' concern when John Miles' doctrine of baptism came to bring division to the Llanigon fellowship. He, like Richard Powell,26 who came to minister at Llanigon in 1644, and who helped him and the Watkinses to make that place so strong a centre, came to believe in adult baptism by immersion; but he opposed Miles' polity in 1650, administering communion but refusing to baptize because he doubted whether Jesus practised baptism among his followers: 'It was a question to him whether it was an Ordinance of Xt. or noe and that Xt. never used it among his disciples although he did use all other ordinances with them'.27 And he urged that no action should be taken without consulting Walter Cradoc and Vavasor Powell and their congre- gations. The evidence seems decisive that before 1650 the Llanigon church did not impose any baptismal rite on its members and that varying views were held by them on the matter, many of them being prepared to dispense with the external sacrament altogether. What else may be said about the ministry and organization of this Church of the Comers ? For the earliest phase we have the testimony of 28 This account is based on Dr. Richards' in Y Bywgraffiadur. See also Idris Davies, op. cit., pp. 21, 54. 26 Davies, op. cit., p. 22. 87 Ibid., pp. 17-18, 53.


3PL Solutions and Alien Technology have announced early deployment of an RFID and sensor-enabled system for cold chain management after successful field testing with Sysco Corp.
The 3PL Solutions Distribution Access exception (DAX) system was developed and tested to address the need for verification and documentation of product quality, shipment integrity, and security for food products in transit. The system includes 3PL-developed applications software built on Alien's Battery Assisted Passive (BAP) RFID technology, multi-point sensors, as well as options for IrDA communications, GPS, and integrated RFID data capture. The DAX pilot program field testing was conducted by Alien, 3PL, and Sysco in the Sysco Frozen Foods and Produce supply chains and addressed dedicated, LTL, and intermodal shipments.
The RFID and sensor-enabled system provides cost-effective "chain of evidence" documentation for food shipments, addressing anticipated regulatory requirements for better documentation of quality and safety control in food shipments, as well as improving methods to avoid waste and spoilage.


text:
Q: Filter concat:out:v0 has a unconnected output | Concatenating with php-ffmpeg I'm incorporating PHP-FFMpeg to my symfony3 project which is working perfectly. However recently I've been needing to concatenate two videos into one, and it would appear it's not supported. So I created a ConcatVideoFilter class that I'm using based off of this
    public function apply(Video $video, VideoInterface $format)
    {
        $params = [];
        $count = count($this->files) + 1;
        foreach ($this->files as $i => $file) {
            $params[] = '-i';
            $params[] = $file;
        }
        $params[] = '-filter_complex';
        $params[] = 'concat=n='.$count.':v=1:a=1 [v]';
        $params[] = '-map';
        $params[] = '[v]';
        return $params;
    }

I'm getting an encoding failed error in my symfony profiler

I then copy pasted the actual ffmpeg command line to see what error it would give:

Which is giving me this error

Filter concat:out:v0 has a unconnected output

What does this error mean, and what can I do to get rid of it?

A: You need
    $params[] = '-filter_complex';
    $params[] = 'concat=n='.$count.':v=1:a=1 [v][a]';
    $params[] = '-map';
    $params[] = '[v]';
    $params[] = '-map';
    $params[] = '[a]';

Your concat filter exports an audio output but you didn't assign it an output pad and then map it.


Whisk your guests away to an exotic land of bold colors, Mediterranean flavors, and arabesque design.
What, no palace courtyard? Start by looking for a simple space to use as a blank canvas, then dazzle your guests with many layers of intense color—midnight-blue and luminous-green silk tablecloths, vibrant china and napkins, and candles in brilliant ruby, blue, and olive hues. Tablecloths and napkins, Nancy Angel for Angel Threads, angelthreadsnyc.com. Chairs, candelabrum, and all flowers, TFS, tfsstudio.com. All fabrics, B&J Fabrics, bandjfabrics.com.
Deep-magenta table cards are offset by bright-yellow poppies and sapphire tumblers in a bazaar of color, all overlooked by a curvy candelabra tall enough to allow guests to easily talk to one another. Candelabra, TFS, tfsstudio.com.
Terra-cotta dishes are an unexpectedly casual touch in such a rich tableau, with a texture that complements the stone of a courtyard setting. Dinner plates, by Rosenthal, rosenthalchina.com. Chargers, by Annie Glass, annieglass.com. Flatware, by Yamazaki Tableware, yamazakitableware.com. Braided napkin tie, by Vaban Ribbons, vabanusa.com.
The buffet is as colorful as the table—golden pears, green grapes, and orange kumquats mix in a romantic riot next to glimmering glass decanters. Decanters, by Union Street Glass, unionstreetglass.com. Pitcher, at Barneys, barneys.com. Candles, by Susan Schadt Designs, 800-459-4595.
Light candles everywhere! They're an inexpensive way to enhance the brilliant palette.
Spice is nice! A fragrant dish of fennel seeds previews a Mediterranean feast of kebobs, couscous, and flatbreads. Cordial glasses in gemlike tones add bold color. Cordials, by Union Street Glass, unionstreetglass.com.
Alternating forks in different designs create a glamorous look atop synthetic fabrics—as bright as silk, but not as budget-busting. Dessert forks, Cache (silver-plate), and Byzantine (gold-accented), by Yamazaki Tableware, yamazakitableware.com. Linens, by Nancy Angel for Angel Threads, angelthreadsnyc.com.
Gilded grapes and swirls climb a buttercream confection: Forks in different designs form a stylish border. Cake, by Diane Jacobs for Cakeworks, eatcake.ca.


text:
package eu.neoteric.starter.mvc;

import com.google.common.base.CaseFormat;
import eu.neoteric.starter.utils.PrefixResolver;
import lombok.Setter;
import org.springframework.core.annotation.AnnotatedElementUtils;
import org.springframework.util.ClassUtils;
import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.condition.RequestCondition;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.RequestMappingInfo;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerMapping;

import java.lang.reflect.AnnotatedElement;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.util.regex.Matcher;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;

@Setter
public class ClassNameAwareRequestMappingHandlerMapping extends RequestMappingHandlerMapping {

    private StarterMvcProperties.ApiProperties apiProps;

    public ClassNameAwareRequestMappingHandlerMapping(StarterMvcProperties.ApiProperties apiProps) {
        this.apiProps = apiProps;
    }

    @Override
    protected RequestMappingInfo getMappingForMethod(Method method, Class<?> handlerType) {
        RequestMappingInfo info = createRequestMappingInfo(method);
        if (info != null) {
            RequestMappingInfo typeInfo = createRequestMappingInfo(handlerType);
            if (typeInfo != null) {
                info = typeInfo.combine(info);
            }

            if (shouldAddClassNameContext(handlerType)) {
                RequestMappingInfo prefixMappingInfo = prefixMappingInfo(handlerType);
                info = prefixMappingInfo.combine(info);
            }
        }
        return info;
    }

    private boolean shouldAddClassNameContext(Class<?> handlerType) {
        return handlerType.isAnnotationPresent(ApiController.class);
    }

    private RequestMappingInfo prefixMappingInfo(Class<?> handlerType) {
        StringBuilder completePrefix = new StringBuilder();

        String apiPath = apiProps.getPath();
        if (StringUtils.hasLength(apiPath)) {
            completePrefix.append(apiPath);
        }
        String prefix = PrefixResolver.resolve(retrievePrefix(handlerType));

        if (StringUtils.hasLength(prefix)) {
            completePrefix.append(prefix);
        }
        completePrefix.append("/");
        completePrefix.append(resolveClassName(ClassUtils.getShortName(handlerType)));

        return RequestMappingInfo
                .paths(completePrefix.toString())
                .build();
    }

    private String retrievePrefix(Class<?> handlerType) {
        ApiController annotation = handlerType.getAnnotation(ApiController.class);
        return StringUtils.isEmpty(annotation.prefix()) ? apiProps.getResources().getDefaultPrefix() : annotation.prefix();
    }

    private String resolveClassName(String className) {
        String resolvedClassName = className.substring(className.lastIndexOf('.') + 1); // tackles inner static classes
        String classNamePattern = apiProps.getResources().getClassNamePattern();
        if (classNamePattern != null) {
            String[] split = classNamePattern.split("\\?", 2);
            if (split.length > 1) {
            Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile("^" + split[0] + "([a-zA-Z0-9].*)" + split[1] + "$");
                Matcher matcher = pattern.matcher(resolvedClassName);
                if (matcher.find()) {
                    resolvedClassName = matcher.group(1);
                }
            }
        }

        return CaseFormat.UPPER_CAMEL.to(apiProps.getResources().getCaseFormat(), resolvedClassName);
    }

    private RequestMappingInfo createRequestMappingInfo(AnnotatedElement element) {
        RequestMapping requestMapping = AnnotatedElementUtils.findMergedAnnotation(element, RequestMapping.class);
        RequestCondition<?> condition = element instanceof Class<?> ?
                getCustomTypeCondition((Class<?>) element) : getCustomMethodCondition((Method) element);
        return requestMapping != null ? createRequestMappingInfo(requestMapping, condition) : null;
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Xavier master the art of three-dimensional models that blend architecture with philosophy. For Veilhan each work is unique, the contemporary sculptures are placed in a dialogue with the building's architecture.
A sixty-foot bust of Le Corbusier was set atop the architect's Cité Radieuse in Marseille, for example. Through faceted, distorted shapes, Veilhan's structures capture energy by revealing the movement surrounding them.
Veilhan's work was displayed in the Palace of Versailles and its surrounding gardens, juxtaposing traditional architecture against minimalist, futurist-inspired sculpture, with the ultimate goal of enhancing the former.
A bright blue sculpture of an ice skater by the French artist. Veilhan creatively uses very simple tools: blue slabs, in order to create an optical illusion for us all to enjoy.
The Bear an eight-foot-tall bright red modern sculpture, invites the viewer to regard the lawn in a different manner. Here he creates a narrative of the meeting between the urban city and nature, or perhaps even the relationship between public space and statuary portraiture.


text:
Q: How to read a XML file using getResourceAsStream I am trying to read an xml configuration in the below class.It is Working when Running It .But When i Export it into a Runnable Jar.The file is not being read ..??
 public KeyTranslator() {
                DocumentBuilderFactory factory = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
                String sPath = "res/config.xml";

     //InputStream is = (InputStream) Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader().getResourceAsStream(sPath);
    //InputStream is = this.getClass().getResourceAsStream((sPath);

                try {
                        DocumentBuilder builder = factory.newDocumentBuilder();
                        if (AppFrame.jar == null) {
                                this.myDoc = builder.parse( new File((AppFrame.basePath+sPath).replace('\\', '/')) );//ensure seperator is '/' as linux is picky
                        } else {
                                this.myDoc = builder.parse(AppFrame.jar.getInputStream(AppFrame.jar.getJarEntry(sPath)));
                        }
            }

I googled & found the getResourceAsStream method.But it seems to throw FileNotFoundException.& i Don't know how to add InputSream in my Code ???
So Help me in the Right Direction :)
Thanks for your Help ...
Note
The Method i Tried has been Commented

A:
But it seems to throw FileNotFoundException

The most likely reason is that the pathname to the file is incorrect.
You seem to be using "res/config.xml" as your pathname.  That is a relative pathname, and relative pathnames are resolved relative the current directory; e.g. the directory where you were when you tried to launch the JAR.
(Note that it doesn't actually matter if you use "/" or "\" as the path separator.  Java's built-in classes for opening files can cope with either form, irrespective of the runtime platform ...)

A: Read it from classpath - makes it very flexible in terms of configuring path. Here is how: How to really read text file from classpath in Java.
BTW to avoid replacing backslashes and slashes to run on Win and Unix use File.separator. For instance: "res" + File.separator + "config.xml". You can also use new File("res", "config.xml").

A: Atlast Found how to use getResourceAsStream.The Below line does the Magic
this.myDoc = builder.parse((getClass().getResourceAsStream("/xml/config.xml")));

Thankz for all the Answers .....