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Displaced Congolese civilians sent back to a widening war
Kalemie
William Clowes/IRIN
Congo: A decades-long cycle of war
William Clowes
Freelance journalist based in Kinshasa
Squatting outside a tiny hut of sticks and dried grass in Kaseke, where she and her five children have been living for nearly 10 months, Feza Mwange recounted how her family narrowly avoided death in a conflict the authorities insist, against all the evidence, has been brought to an end.
"We fled as the pygmies* arrived at our village to kill us," Mwange told IRIN. "Our chief was killed the day after we left."
Similar stories were easy to find at Kaseke and the other displacement camps located around the town of Kalemie, the capital of Tanganyika Province in southeastern Democratic Republic of Congo.
At nearby Kalunga, home to nearly 25,000 internally displaced people, Bulanda Sulemani Cyprien recalled how he escaped one night last November from Kitunda, his village 55 kilometres to the north.
"A group of pygmies came suddenly under the cover of darkness to attack us and burn the houses. There was nothing else for us to do but flee with our families." Those who stayed behind or reacted too slowly were murdered by militiamen armed with bows and arrows or machetes, he added.
Since May 2013, rival militias composed of Luba, a Bantu people, and Twa, a pygmy tribe indigenous to several Great Lakes' states, have been engaged in a deadly conflict in Tanganyika.
Bands of armed men have been invading each other's villages – typically equipped with only traditional weapons – in wave upon wave of reprisal attacks.
Widening war
From late 2014, troops from MONUSCO, the UN mission in Congo, supported by the Congolese armed forces, have tried to pacify the province.
In September 2015, the UN and the provincial authorities launched local councils known as baraza to address the causes of the violence, and it seemed for a time they might put an end to the clashes.
However, the Congolese military's bid last July to arrest a Twa warlord triggered fresh bouts of fighting that spread from the territory of Nyunzu to affect five of the province's six territories, while thousands of IDPs have fled to the sixth, Kongolo.
A peace forum in Kalemie in February, as well as continuing military activity by MONUSCO and the Congolese army, has succeeded in checking the violence in parts of the province, but attacks continue in others.
In recent months, a new front has opened up in the north of Tanganyika, where Twa militias have targeted the livestock-rearing Banyamulenge (Tutsi) community by slaughtering its cows.
The conflict, now in its fifth year, has caused a devastating humanitarian crisis in Tanganyika, the most visible symptom of which is hundreds of thousands of IDPs.
In late March, the UN's emergency aid coordination body, OCHA, revealed that 3.7 million people are displaced in Congo, the most in any African country. The majority are in either the Kasai region, where the government has been fighting a militia known as Kamwina Nsapu for almost a year, or the Kivus, where dozens of armed groups have wreaked havoc for two decades.
But Tanganyika this year has "recorded the strongest growth of IDPs, from 370,000 in December 2016 to 543,000 at the end of March 2017," according to OCHA. About 240,000 are currently living in camps and host communities in Kalemie territory.
"Tanganyika has become a humanitarian hotspot, but our current response capacities are being outstripped by the massive levels of critical needs," Mamadou Diallo, MONUSCO's coordinator of humanitarian affairs, has said.
Between July 2016 and January 2017, only 27 percent of the province's IDPs received help from UN agencies and NGOs, according to OCHA.
Uncountable fatalities
Nobody knows how many people have died as a result of the conflict, either directly or indirectly.
"It's really difficult to know the number of people who have been killed because neither the government nor anyone else can access all the places," said Benjamin Mulezi, a Twa adviser to the provincial interior minister. "The conflict continues and people continue to die."
The UN's Joint Human Rights Office documented the deaths of 91 civilians from January to May 2017, of which 31 were killed by government forces and 60 by armed groups, principally Luba militiamen. However, José Maria Aranaz, UNJHRO's spokesman, conceded that this figure was "very conservative" and admitted the real civilian death toll was likely much higher.
kalemie_feza_mwange.jpg
Feza Mwange and her family
UNJHRO also recorded more than 150 deaths, at least 200 injuries, and 50 rapes between July 2016 and late March 2017.
More than 1,000 people were killed in the conflict in the first eight months of 2014 alone, according to UN group of expert figures.
Roots of conflict
The Twa and other indigenous peoples make up less than one percent of the population of Congo, while the numerous Bantu tribes form a majority. Here, as in other central African countries, the pygmies have long been the victims of discrimination.
"For many Bantu, the pygmy is a slave, a thing," said David Ngoy Luhaka, a Kalemie-based priest and activist.
Beaute Kyungu Delos, a Twa leader who in 2014 fled his village in Nyunzu and sought refuge in Kalemie, explained the reality of Twa life further: "You, a Bantu, call a pygmy. He works in your field and you don't pay him. You make him work and then give him tobacco or a piece of manioc. He has a wife and children, so will a manioc root suffice? No. So he steals something and you catch him. Perhaps you kill him."
Mulezi, the provincial government's Twa adviser, noted: "There is no portion of the land which belongs to the indigenous people. Everything is for the Bantu."
Nonetheless, for a long time the Twa of Tanganyika endured second-class citizenship without taking up arms.
"They resigned themselves to being mistreated… to working in the fields without pay and being treated like slaves," said Mulezi. "They didn't want to rise up."
But over the past two decades, the Twa population has become less inclined to tolerate its exploitation and more willing to use lethal violence against those it considers oppressors.
Most notably, the important role the community played in Tanganyika's recent war-torn history has raised its expectations. The rebellion, which brought Laurent-Désiré Kabila to power in 1997, organised the Twa into paramilitary groups.
Kabila and his son Joseph, who assumed power when his father was assassinated in 2001, subsequently deployed these militias to assist the armed forces in the 1998-2003 civil war (during which Twa and Luba fought together), and more recently against the Kata Katanga, a predominantly Luba secessionist movement.
"There has been an emancipation due to these armed conflicts," explained Rogatien Kitenge, who campaigns for the rights of indigenous peoples in Congo. "The mask of the Bantus slipped. The pygmies understood that the Bantus were not all-powerful and they could resist them."
The state's use of Twa militias in its battles against Kata Katanga helped initiate the current conflict by fuelling Luba hostility towards the Twa population.
Premature returns
Although clashes continue, the government insists peace has been restored.
"There is total calm throughout the whole province," Ali Omari Bin Simukinje, Tanganyika's vice governor, told IRIN. "There is no longer this conflict between the Twa and Bantu… The province is secure."
With the financial support of the central government, the provincial authorities have started a programme to return all IDPs to their villages of origin and in mid-May dispatched a first train to transport the inhabitants of the Kaseke II camp from Kalemie.
kalemie_former_camp_location.jpg
Sent home to a war zone, Kambilo Mutu Abacoulou doubled back to find his IDP camp had been dismantled
Luhaka, the priest and activist, dismissed the move as a publicity stunt – "a trick to show a good image of the province."
According to an OCHA bulletin, the Congolese police "destroyed all the shelters" of the roughly 1,800 IDPs who departed on the train.
"A few months ago, authorities in North Kivu also embarked on a similar measure to force people to return home. There too we voiced our concern about such decisions that are against international norms," Yvon Edoumou, OCHA's spokesman, told IRIN.
Hundreds of those who left Kalemie on the convoy have since returned to Kaseke II. They choose to sleep outside in the open where their huts once stood, rather than risk returning to their villages.
"We got off as planned in Nyemba but unfortunately we found the war there," said Kambilo Mutu Abacoulou, one of the returnees. "They were carrying heads. They were carrying arms."
Desperate for peace
Simukinje told IRIN the provincial government was organising additional trains to send more IDPs home. He urged the UN and aid organisations to help people in their villages instead of in the displacement camps around Kalemie, but the humanitarian organisations are sceptical of the plans.
"They believe the province is safe and sound," said OCHA's Edoumou. "But our reading is not quite as emphatic, and the displaced Congolese are not convinced."
Mulezi, the provincial government's Twa adviser, was also apprehensive, in particular about the role of the military.
"Our hope for security was based on our armed forces, but the same soldiers are behaving like rebels and have started to shoot people," he said.
Delos, the Twa leader, whose nephew was recently shot dead by a member of the Congolese military, went further, saying: "To claim that the province is calm is a lie."
According to Simukinje, everyone at Kaseke II went home voluntarily. But an OCHA bulletin described the train as a "forced return convoy" and several IDPs told IRIN they were instructed to leave the camp.
"Displaced people should never be forced to return," said Edoumou.
IRIN spoke with IDPs in several dsiplacement camps. All deplored their current living conditions – the hunger, huts prone to catch fire, the lack of work – but all said it was not yet the time to return.
"If security in my village was guaranteed, I would leave today because I cannot bear it here," said Joseph Pende Manteke at Kaseke.
Most Twa, having fled attacks, opt to regroup in the countryside and avoid urban centres. There is, however, a small Twa contingent in each of the camps, fearing repercussions.
Kisombo Sulemani arrived at Kulungu last November with his wife and seven children from Mukwaka, a village 40 kilometres east.
"Our community believes we are traitors, that we are with the Bantus," he said. "There is too much misery here. But if we go back, there's a risk they will kill us."
(*Although the term "pygmy" is regarded as derogatory by some, the word is widely used in Congo, including by members of the Twa community)
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New era, new name
The Change We Want to See
Our partners and allies
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The Bishops' Reflection Group: a joint statement from LGCM and Changing Attitude
Statement from Changing Attitude and the Lesbian and Gay Christian Movement on the Bishops' Reflection Group on Human Sexuality.
Welcome with meekness the implanted word that has the power to save your souls. But be doers of the word, and not merely hearers who deceive themselves. For if any are hearers of the word and not doers, they are like those who look at themselves in a mirror; for they look at themselves and, on going away, immediately forget what they were like. But those who look into the perfect law, the law of liberty, and persevere, being not hearers who forget but doers who act—they will be blessed in their doing.
James 1.21-25
The Lesbian and Gay Christian Movement and Changing Attitude have welcomed the establishment of a Reflection Group under the leadership of Right Reverend Graham James, Bishop of Norwich. Whilst expressing disappointment that a group tasked with reflecting on issues of human sexuality does not appear to include any openly gay people, we recognise that this simply reflects the reality within the church's leadership - that LGBT people are invisible, our voices often silenced, and our experiences unheard. We welcome the opportunities which have arisen as part of the Shared Conversations to included the lived experience, deep conviction and prophetic witness of gay, lesbian and bisexual people, and we recognise the enormously costly nature of the contribution many people have made to that process.
The Reflection Group must now consider the Church's steps into the future. In doing so, they will be called to listen carefully to all they have heard during the Shared Conversations. We call upon them to lead the House of Bishops towards a future that celebrates the gifts of all God's people including the LGBTI members of the Church of England and embodies the radical equality to which we are called in Christ.
Our prayer is that, strengthened by the Spirit, the members of the group will be enabled to listen, reflect and discern, and that as they undertake their work they will be granted moral courage and prophetic vision. For we are all alike called to be not only hearers of the Word, but doers too; our actions must match our words in seeking God's justice, compassion and truth.
We continue to look forward to a future where LGBT people are no longer seen as a problem to be solved, but as gifted members of the Body of Christ, equal partners in prayer, service and mission. Anything less than that falls short of the Good News that God's abundant love is for all humankind and that although LGBT people may struggle to find their place inside the church at the moment, God will travel with them when they choose the path of life, wherever that takes them.
If you share our passion for love, justice and truth then now's the time for change – will you join us?
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OneBodyOneFaith © 2020

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A taste of independence
The first independent midwife I ever came into contact with was the lovely Annabel Bryant, we began chatting in early 2014 through a Facebook page and she sent me messages of support during my application process for university and my big move to London in 2014, not even always about midwifery, but always so supportive and genuinely caring. Fast forward a year later, 7 months into my course when I'd hit a bit of a rocky patch, I had that same lovely support and kindness from her and it was at this stage I thought how wonderful it would be to learn from her and to get a little taste of independence. I remember reading her blog on IMUK and thinking that I felt that her words and philosophy spoke so deeply to the midwife I want to become, it was almost like reading my own thoughts, just slightly more concisely then my overloaded 1st year student midwife brain could muster. So I contacted Annabel to ask if I could spend some time with her during my Easter break to help lift my spirits and she very kindly arranged this for me.
I know Annabel, along with the rest of the independent midwives, receive countless emails daily from people requesting work experience, so I am very lucky indeed. I completely acknowledge the fact that it's a big step to introduce someone new into the special intimate relationships that are built between a woman and her independent midwife, but she welcomed me, very much with open arms, because I think she knew it's what I needed.
We had a busy day, I was up at 6am and home at 10.30pm but it didn't feel like work, apart from climbing 9 flights of stairs at the start of the day as I missed that there was a lift up to where Annabel lives. I don't think she was quite expecting to open the door to a wheezing, out of breath, red faced mess of a person I'd become during those 9 flights of stairs, especially as she'd actually directed me to where the lift was, which I totally missed. My Gran has always said to me that Midwives are the angels of life and in that very moment, I'm pretty certain I saw the twinkle of a halo over her head as she handed me a cup of coffee, a croissant and a seat to let me find that breath I seemed to have left on the stairs. I must put 'start jogging again' on my list of revision procrastination possibilities… at the bottom… after the obvious more important things, like mastering the art of fort building and learning how to bake every cake Mary Berry has a recipe for… I digress!
"What I witnessed was very much about putting the woman in complete control and keeping her there and allowing her to make all the decisions about her body and her birth without bias or judgement"
Michala Marling
Once my heart rate was back to an acceptable level we set out to our day of appointments, transported in what I can only describe as a portable midwifery sleigh filled with goodies, kind of like Santa's sleigh except this one was much more awesome as it had a satnav instead of Rudolph and was driven by Annabel. It was filled to the brim with every delightful thing a midwife on the go could possibly need, from educational books and leaflets to the birthing pool and equipment to go with it. I don't think we had a moments silence in that car, or at any point in the day in fact, as there was just so much to talk about and so much I wanted to learn from the oracle of knowledge sat next to me.
I spent the day chatting to the lovely ladies (thank you to any of you reading this) who were kind enough to welcome me into their homes and I soaked up everything Annabel was teaching, whilst also learning from the women. Watching Annabel interact with her clients was inspiring; she is so down to earth and reassuring and her clients hang on her every word, as did I. Throughout the day she battled through all sorts of worries and anxieties with total ease, whether that be breastfeeding difficulties, problems with a constantly hard uterus or the fear of pregnancy being treated as if it were a pathological illness. The day was spent settling nerves, discussing detailed birth plans, providing reassurance with evidence based information and giving solutions and suggestions to help overcome any hurdles, amongst many many other things.
"What we want from our job is for women to feel empowered, in control, and able to make the best decisions for them so that every experience is positive and they can form a close and loving attachment with their babies."
Annabel Bryant
She spent the day clearing the minds of the expectant mums giving them a solidly positive foundation for the birth, so that the whole pregnancy experience is positive. This didn't stop at the women we met but also the women who were texting, calling and emailing her throughout the day and beyond when I went home. In between appointments Annabel was following up on referrals and advice she had previously given to make sure every one of her clients had everything they needed and were happy and confident, because as was very evident, the relationship with her clients isn't confined to the appointments, she's there for the long haul.
"It is really much more than a job, it is who we are."
I watched on as she tailored her care based on individual circumstances and needs whilst making sure each and every decision from each and every client was one that was well informed, making sure they were the ones in full control every step of the way, which is so important at a time when a woman can feel at her most vulnerable. I also noticed how she never forgot about looking after Dad, giving help and advice for them to help build their confidence and make sure they were very much involved.
I learnt a lot more about keeping pregnancy and birth a physiological and spiritual journey, as opposed to the pathological event we see it being portrayed as on our TV screens that so many women are frightened by. I watch programmes on TV and see birth portrayed as a pathological illness giving the impression that it is about medicalisation, clock watching and placing women on their backs leading to a conveyor belt of interventions, which couldn't be further from the reality of physiological birth or midwifery led care.
The clients we saw were advised on all sorts of evidence-based techniques, classes or even alternative therapies that can be introduced to help those who made the decision that they didn't want any part of their pregnancy or birth medicalised, from fighting off Group B Strep+, learning how to remain calm and positive about birth or coping mechanisms during labour. One of the lovely ladies was telling us about the rather amazing sounding hypnobirthing class that Annabel had recommended that I'd quite like to go to myself, but alas, I'm not pregnant! Through talking to the clients on the day I heard and saw the benefits of information and referrals that had been given by Annabel and also some which the women had found themselves. It really emphasised how important it is for me, even as a student midwife, to keep up to date with new and current research to help advise women in a balanced manner. Annabel taught me the epitome of informed choice by demonstrating how to give women the information from different view points to help them properly weigh up all the pro's and con's in an unhurried environment. She discussed looking at different sides to evidence without bias, leaving that information with them to digest it and coming back to them at a later date for a decision, knowing that that decision they have made is completely the right one for them and subsequently respecting those decisions, whatever they may be. What I witnessed was very much about putting the woman in complete control and keeping her there and allowing her to make all the decisions about her body and her birth without bias or judgement.
What draws me to Independent Midwifery is the connection that is built through continuity of care and the time that is able to be given to the women and their families, time in the comfort of their own homes totally relaxed and unhurried, with the frequency and length of each visit being based on a client's individual needs and wishes, and beyond this, a friendly voice at the end of the phone 24/7. The combination of all of these things enables the opportunity to build a really special and lasting bond, enabling women and their families to talk openly to someone they know and trust, someone that knows them, their background and their wishes. It's hardly surprising how many of the clients get recommended through word of mouth or return in their next pregnancy as this special connection was so evident throughout the day, not just from clients we saw that day that were turning to Annabel for guidance at their most vulnerable time, but also from the contact from previous clients who turned to Annabel for support well beyond the birth and postnatal period. The beautiful bonds that are built clearly remain with Annabel and the families long after the baby is born and this really is a testament not just to the type of midwife Annabel is, but to the compassion and care that is so clearly engrained in her and many other midwives out there.
The picture above is of me with the lovely Anne, whose booking appointment we did at the end of my day with Annabel. We both came to the conclusion that we are both very lucky indeed to have such wonderful support from Annabel, as a midwife to Anne and for me as an inspiration and someone to aspire to. I saw repeatedly how she instilled confidence and self-belief in her clients and this was actually the same effect the day with her had on me as a student midwife.
I know from the feeling in my heart at the end of the day as I stepped onto the train home, that midwifery is where I belong; it was partly a feeling of sadness that the day was over but also an overwhelming surge of appreciation for the position I'm in. As I went off home reflecting over the day, Annabel went home to continue her work well into the night and probably well past when I got home at 10.30pm, following up with emails to the clients she had seen or spoken to during the day with anything she had told them she would do, such as chasing up blood results, sending birth plan templates or looking for evidence based research on vaccines in pregnancy.
I finished the day feeling like I had got back to that excited positive student that I started at, she renewed my midwifery energy and made me feel so sure that I'm heading in the direction that is definitively meant for me. Midwifery truly speaks to my soul and connects with me in a way I could never imagine was possible from a career.
Watching the wonderful Annabel was very much an uplifting experience for me and reminded me just how lucky I am to be training in what is by far the most privileged career out there, along with some of the most inspirational midwives and families! I am so incredibly grateful for this opportunity.
Michala Marling is a first year student midwife and member of IMUK. All of our members accommodate work experience wherever they can but out of necessity we do prioritise student members so join us here!
Please keep in touch and 'like' our Facebook page here
The first independent midwife I ever came into contact with was the lovely Annabel Bryant, we began chatting in early 2014 through a Facebook page and she sent me messages of support during my application process for university and my big move to London in 2014, not even always about midwifery, but always so supportive […]
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Robert David Kendall director information. Free company director check.
MR Robert David Kendall works at ARDEN KENDALL LIMITED as Director and worked at HUCKLEBERRY'S THE BARBER SHOP LTD as Director.
Robert David Kendall works at ARDEN KENDALL LIMITED since 20 November 2003 currently as a Director (ACCOUNTANT).


text:
Tag: people
Equality in volunteering and open source
Volunteering favours the socially privileged
Volunteering is "in". Lots of companies – particularly tech companies, it seems – provide incentives to employees to volunteer for charities, NGOs abs other "not-for-profits". These incentives range from donations matching to paid volunteer days to matching hours worked for a charity with a cash donation.
Then there's other types of voluntary work: helping out at a local sports club, mowing a neighbour's lawn or fetching their groceries, and, of course, a open source, which we'll be looking at in some detail. There are almost countless thousands of projects which could benefit from your time.
Let's step back first and look at the benefits of volunteering. The most obvious, if course, is the direct benefit to the organisation, group or individual of your time and/or expertise. Then there's the benefits to the wider community. Having people volunteering their time to help out with various groups – particularly those with whom they would have little contact in other circumstances – helps social cohesion and encourages better understanding of differing points of view as you meet people, and not just opinions.
Then there's the benefit to you. Helping others feels great, looks good on your CV[1], can give you more skills, and make you friends – quite apart from the benefit I mentioned above about helping you to understand differing points of view. On the issue of open source, it's something that lots of companies – certainly the sorts of companies with which I'm generally involved – are interested in, or even expect to see on your CV. Your contributions to open source projects are visible – unlike whatever you've been doing in most other jobs – they can be looked over, they show a commitment and are also a way of gauging your enthusiasm, expertise and knowledge in particular areas. All this seems to make lots of sense, and until fairly recently, I was concerned when I was confronted with a CV which didn't have any open source contributions that I could check.
The inequality of volunteering
And then I did some reading by a feminist open sourcer (I'm afraid that I can't remember who it was[3]), and did a little more digging, and realised that it's far from that simple. Volunteering is an activity which favours the socially privileged – whether that's in terms of income, gender, language or any other number of indicator. That's particularly true for software and open source volunteering.
Let me explain. We'll start with the gender issue. On average, you're much less likely to have spare time to be involved in an open source project if you're a woman, because women, on average, have more responsibilities in the home, and less free time. They are also globally less likely to have access to computing resources with which to contribute. due to wage discrepancies. Even beyond that, they are less likely to be welcomed into communities and have their contributions valued, whilst being more likely to attract abuse.
If you are in a low income bracket, you are less likely to have time to volunteer, and again, to have access to the resources needed to contribute.
If your first language is not English, you are less likely to be able to find an accepting project, and more likely to receive abuse for not explaining what you are doing.
If your name reflects a particular ethnicity, you may not be made to feel welcome in some contexts online.
If you are not neurotypical (e.g. you have Aspergers or are on the autism spectrum, or if you are dyslexic), you may face problems in engaging in the social activities – online and offline – which are important to full participation in many projects.
The list goes on. There are, of course, many welcoming project and communities that attempt to address all of these issues, and we must encourage that. Some people who are disadvantaged in terms of some of the privilege-types that I've noted above may actually find that open source suits them very well, as their privilege can be hidden online in ways in which it could not be in other settings, and that some communities make a special effort to be welcoming and accepting.
However, if we just assume – that's unconscious bias, folks – that volunteering, and specifically open source volunteering, is a sine qua non for "serious" candidates for roles, or a foundational required expertise for someone we are looking to employ, then we set a dangerous precedent, and run a very real danger of reinforcing privilege, rather than reducing it.
First, we can make our open source projects more welcoming, and be aware of the problems that those from less privileged groups may face. Second, we must be aware, and make our colleagues aware, that when we are interviewing and hiring, lack evidence of volunteering is not evidence that the person is not talented, enthusiastic or skilled. Third, and always, we should look for more ways to help those who are less privileged than us to overcome the barriers to accessing not only jobs but also volunteering opportunities which will benefit not only them, but our communities as a whole.
1 – Curriculum vitae[2].
2 – Oh, you wanted the Americanism? It's "resume" or something similar, but with more accents on it.
3 – a friend reminded me that it might have been this: https://www.ashedryden.com/blog/the-ethics-of-unpaid-labor-and-the-oss-community
Author Mike BursellPosted on Feb 5, 2019 Feb 5, 2019 Categories peopleTags community, open source, people1 Comment on Equality in volunteering and open source
Cryptographers arise!
Cryptography is a strange field, in that it's both concerned with keeping secrets, but also has a long history of being kept secret, as well. There are famous names from the early days, from Caesar (Julius, that is) to Vigenère, to more recent names like Diffie, Hellman[1], Rivest, Shamir and Adleman. The trend even more recently has been away from naming cryptographic protocols after their creators, and more to snappy names like Blowfish or less snappy descriptions such as "ECC". Although I'm not generally a fan of glorifying individual talent over collective work, this feels like a bit of a pity in some ways.
In fact, over the past 80 years or so, more effort has been probably put into keeping the work of teams in cryptanalysis – the study of breaking cryptography – secret, though there are some famous names from the past like Al-Kindi, Phelippes (or "Phillips), Rejewski, Turing, Tiltman, Knox and Briggs[2].
Cryptography is difficult. Actually, let me rephrase that: cryptography is easy to do badly, and difficult to do well. "Anybody can design a cipher that they can't break", goes an old dictum, with the second half of the sentence, "and somebody else can easily break", being generally left unsaid. Creation of cryptographic primitives requires significant of knowledge of mathematics – some branches of which are well within the grasp of an average high-school student, and some of which are considerably more arcane. Putting those primitives together in ways that allow you to create interesting protocols for use in the real world doesn't necessarily require that you understand the full depth of the mathematics of the primitives that you're using[3], but does require a good grounding in how they should be used, and how they should not be used. Even then, a wise protocol designer, like a wise cryptographer[4], always gets colleagues and others to review his or her work. This is one of the reasons that it's so important that cryptography should be in the public domain, and preferably fully open source.
Why am I writing about this? Well, partly because I think that, on the whole, the work of cryptographers is undervalued. The work they do is not only very tricky, but also vital. We need cryptographers and cryptanalysts to be working in the public realm, designing new algorithms and breaking old (and, I suppose) new ones. We should be recognising and celebrating their work. Mathematics is not standing still, and, as I wrote recently, quantum computing is threatening to chip away at our privacy and secrecy. The other reasons that I'm writing about this is because I think we should be proud of our history and heritage, inspired to work on important problems, and to inspire those around us to work on them, too.
Oh, and if you're interested in the t-shirt, drop me a line or put something in the comments.
1 – I'm good at spelling, really I am, but I need to check the number of ells and ens in his name every single time.
2 – I know that is heavily Bletchley-centric: it's an area of history in which I'm particularly interested. Bletchley was also an important training ground for some very important women in security – something of which we have maybe lost sight.
3 – good thing, too, as I'm not a mathematician, but I have designed the odd protocol here and there.
4 – that is, any cryptographer who recognises the truth of the dictum I quote above.
Author Mike BursellPosted on Jan 22, 2019 Categories encryptionTags cryptography, encryption, open source, people1 Comment on Cryptographers arise!
On being acquired – a personal view
It's difficult to think of a better fit than IBM.
First off, today is one of those days when I need to point you at the standard disclaimer that the views expressed in this post are my own, and not necessarily those of my employers. That said, I think that many of them probably align, but better safe than sorry[1]. Another note: I believe that all of the information in this article is public knowledge.
The news came out two days ago (last Sunday, 2018-10-28) that Red Hat, my employer, is being acquired by IBM for $34bn. I didn't know about it the deal in advance (I'm not that exalted within the company hierarchy, which is probably a good thing, as all those involved needed to keep very tight-lipped about it, and that would have been hard), so the first intimation I got was when people started sharing stories from various news sites on internal chat discussions. They (IBM) are quite clear about the fact that they are acquiring us for the people, which means that each of us (including me!) is worth around $2.6m, based on our current headcount. Sadly, I don't think it works quite like this, and certainly nobody has (yet) offered to pay me that amount[2]. IBM have also said that they intend to keep Red Hat operating as a separate entity within IBM.
How do I feel? My initial emotion was shock. It's always a surprise when you get news that you weren't expecting, and the message that we'd carried for a long time was the Red Hat would attempt to keep ploughing its own furrow[3] for as long as possible. But I'd always known that, as a public company, we were available to be bought, if the money was good enough. It appears on this occasion that it was. And that emotion turned to interest as to what was going to happen next.
And do you know what? It's difficult to think of a better fit than IBM. I'm not going to enumerate the reasons that I feel that other possible acquirers would have been worse, but here are some of the reasons that IBM, at least in this arrangement, is good:
they "get" open source, and have a long history of encouraging its use;
they seem to understand that Red Hat has a very distinctive culture, and want to encourage that, post-acquisition;
they have a hybrid cloud strategy and products, Red Hat has a hybrid cloud strategy and products: they're fairly well-aligned;
we're complementary in a number of sectors and markets;
they're a much bigger player than us, and suddenly, we'll have access to more senior people in new and exciting companies.
What about the impact on me, though? Well, IBM takes security seriously. IBM has some fantastic research and academic connections. The group in which I work has some really bright and interesting people in it, and it's difficult to imagine IBM wanting to break it up. A number of the things I'm working on will continue to align with both Red Hat's direction and IBM's. The acquisition will take up to a year to complete – assuming no awkward regulatory hurdles along the way – and not much is going to change in the day-to-day. Except that I hope to get even better access to my soon-to-be-colleagues working in similar fields to me, but within IBM.
Will there be issues along the way? Yes. Will there be uncertainty? Yes. But do I trust that the leadership within Red Hat and IBM have an honest commitment to making things work in a way that will benefit Red Hatters? Yes.
And am I looking to jump ship? Oh, no. Far too much interesting stuff to be doing. We've got an interesting few months and years ahead of us. My future looked red, until Sunday night. Then maybe blue. But now I'm betting on something somewhere between the two: go Team Purple.
1 – because, well, lawyers, the SEC, etc., etc.
2 – if it does, then, well, could somebody please contact me?
3 – doing its own thing independently.
Author Mike BursellPosted on Oct 30, 2018 Oct 30, 2018 Categories peopleTags open source, people, workLeave a comment on On being acquired – a personal view
Knowing me, knowing you: on Russian spies and identity
Who are you, and who tells me so?
Who are you, and who tells me so? These are questions which are really important for almost any IT-related system in use today. I've previously discussed the difference between identification and authentication (and three other oft-confused terms) in Explained: five misused security words, and what I want to look at in this post is the shady hinterland between identification and authentication.
There has been a lot in the news recently about the poisoning in the UK of two Russian nationals and two British nationals, leading to the tragic death of Dawn Sturgess. I'm not going to talk about that, or even about the alleged perpetrators, but about the problem of identity – their identity – and how that relates to IT. The two men who travelled to Salisbury, and were named by British police as the perpetrators, travelled under Russian passports. These documents provided their identities, as far as the British authorities – including UK Border Control, who allowed them into the country – were aware, and led to their being allowed into the country.
When we set up a new user in an IT system or allow them physical access to a building, for instance, we often ask for "Government-issued ID" as the basis for authenticating the identity that they have presented, in preparation for deciding whether to authorise them to perform whatever action they have requested. There are two issues here – one obvious, and one less so. The first, obvious one, is that it's not always easy to tell whether a document has actually been issued by the authority by which it appears to be have been issued – document forgers have been making a prosperous living for hundreds, if not thousands of years. The problem, of course, is that the more tell-tale signs of authenticity you reveal to those whose job it is to check a document, the more clues you give to would-be forgers for how to improve the quality of the false versions that they create.
The second, and less obvious problem, is that just because a document has been issued by a government authority doesn't mean that it is real. Well, actually, it does, and there's the issue. Its issuance by the approved authority makes it real – that is to say "authentic" – but it doesn't mean that it is correct. Correctness is a different property to authenticity. Any authority may decide to issue identification documents that may be authentic, but do not truly represent the identity of the person carrying them. When we realise that a claim of identity is backed up by an authority which is issuing documents that we do not believe to be correct, that means that we should change our trust relationship with that authority. For most entities, IDs which have been authentically issued by a government authority are quite sufficient, but it is quite plausible, for instance, that the UK Border Force (and other equivalent entities around the world) may choose to view passports issued by certain government authorities as suspect in terms of their correctness.
What impact does this have on the wider IT security community? Well, there are times when we are accepting government-issued ID when we might want to check with relevant home nation authorities as to whether we should trust them[1]. More broadly than that, we must remember that every time that we authenticate a user, we are making a decision to trust the authority that represented that user's identity to us. The level of trust we place in that authority may safely be reduced as we grow to know that user, but it may not – either because our interactions are infrequent, or maybe because we need to consider that they are playing "the long game", and are acting as so-called "sleepers".
What does this continuous trust mean? What it means is that if we are relying on an external supplier to provide contractors for us, we need to keep remembering that this is a trust relationship, and one which can change. If one of those contractors turns out to have faked educational qualifications, then we need to doubt the authenticity of the educational qualifications of all of the other contractors – and possibly other aspects of the identity which the external supplier has presented to us. This is because we have placed transitive trust in the external supplier, which we must now re-evaluate. What other examples might there be? The problem is that the particular aspects of identity that we care about are so varied and differ between different roles that we perform. Sometimes, we might not care about education qualifications, but credit score, or criminal background, or blood type. In the film Gattaca[2], identity is tied to physical and mental ability to perform a particular task.
There are various techniques available to allow us to tie a particular individual to a set of pieces of information: DNA, iris scans and fingerprints are pretty good at telling us that the person in front of us now is the person who was in front of us a year ago. But tying that person to other information relies on trust relationships with external entities, and apart from a typically small set of inferences that we can draw from our direct experiences of this person, it's difficult to know exactly what is truly correct unless we can trust those external entities.
1 – That assumes, of course, that we trust our home nation authorities…
2 – I'm not going to put a spoiler in here, but it's a great film, and really makes you think about identity: go and watch it!
Author Mike BursellPosted on Sep 25, 2018 Categories peopleTags government, people, security, systemsLeave a comment on Knowing me, knowing you: on Russian spies and identity
On conversation and the benefits of boasting
On Monday and Tuesday this week I'm attending DevSecCon in Boston – a city which is much more pleasant when it's not raining or snowing, which it often seems to be doing while I'm here. There are a bunch of interesting talks[1] and workshops, and I was asked, at the last minute, to facilitate an "Open Space Discussion" at the end of the first day (as two people hadn't arrived as expected). Facilitating discussions is about not talking all the time, but encouraging other people to talk[2]: my approach to this is to tell a story, and then encourage them to share stories.
People enjoy listening to stories, and people enjoy telling stories, and there is a type of story that is particularly useful and important in the world of work: "war-stories". Within the IT industry, at least, this refers to stories about experiences – usually bad experiences – from our day-to-day working lives. They are often used to illustrate a point or lend experiential weight to an opinion being put forward. But they are also great learning experiences.
What I learned yesterday – or re-learned – is the immense value of conversation with our peers in a neutral setting, with no formal bounds or difference in "rank". We had at least one participant who was only two years out of college, participants with 25-30 years of experience, a CISO of a major healthcare provider, a CEO, DevOps engineers, customer-facing people, security people, non-security people, people with Humanities[4] degrees, people with Computer Science degrees. We were about twelve people, and everybody contributed, to greater or lesser degrees. I hope that we managed to maintain a conversation where age and numbers of years in the industry were unimportant, but the experiences shared were.
And I learned about other people's opinions, their viewpoints, their experiences, their tips for what works – and doesn't work – and made, I hope, some new friends. Certainly some new peers. What we talked about isn't vitally important to this article[5]: the important thing was the conversation, and the stories they told that brought their shared wisdom to the table. I felt, by the end of the session, that we had added something to the commonwealth of knowledge within the industry
I was looking for a way to close the session as we were moving to the end, and hit upon something which seemed to work: I encouraged everybody to spend 30 seconds or so to tell the group about an incident in their career that they are proud of. We got some great stories, and not only did we learn from them, but I think it's really important that we get the chance to express our pride in the things that we've done. We rarely get the chance to boast, or to let people outside our general circle know why we think we should be valued. There's nothing wrong with being proud of the things we've done, but we're often – usually – discouraged from doing so. It was great to have people share their various experiences of personal expertise, and to think about how they would use them to further their career. I didn't force everybody to speak – and was thanked by one of the silent participants later – and it's important to realise that not everybody will be happy doing so. But I think that the rapport that we'd built as a group meant that more people were happy to contribute something than would have considered it at the beginning of the session. I left with a respect for all of the participants, and a realisation of the importance of shared experience.
1 – I gave a talk based on my blog article Why I love technical debt. I found it interesting…
2 – based on this definition, it may surprise regular readers – and people who know me IRL[3] – that I'd even consider participating, let alone facilitating.
3 – does anybody use this term anymore?
4 – Liberal Arts/Social Sciences.
5 – but included:
the impact of different open source licences
how legal teams engage with open source questions
how to encourage more conversation between technical and legal folks
the importance of systems engineering
how to talk to customers and vendors
how to build teams through social participation[6]
the NIST 800 series and other models to consider security
risk: how to talk about it, measure it, discuss it with other functions within the organisation.
6 – the word "beer" came up. From somebody else, on this occasion.
Author Mike BursellPosted on Sep 11, 2018 Categories respectTags communication, community, education, open source, peopleLeave a comment on On conversation and the benefits of boasting


text:
Q: Getting Invalid maximum heap size while running java server Getting this error while trying to run Java server in my local environment:
--> Wrapper Started as Console
Java Service Wrapper Professional Edition 64-bit 3.5.29
  Copyright (C) 1999-2016 Tanuki Software, Ltd. All Rights Reserved.
    http://wrapper.tanukisoftware.com
  Licensed to SAP SE for hybris Platform

Launching a JVM...
Error: Could not create the Java Virtual Machine.
Error: A fatal exception has occurred. Program will exit.
Invalid maximum heap size: -Xmx${tomcat.maxSize}
JVM exited while loading the application.
Reloading Wrapper configuration...
Launching a JVM...
Error: Could not create the Java Virtual Machine.
Error: A fatal exception has occurred. Program will exit.
Invalid maximum heap size: -Xmx${tomcat.maxSize}
JVM exited while loading the application.
Reloading Wrapper configuration...
Launching a JVM...
Error: Could not create the Java Virtual Machine.
Error: A fatal exception has occurred. Program will exit.
Invalid maximum heap size: -Xmx${tomcat.maxSize}
JVM exited while loading the application.
Reloading Wrapper configuration...
Launching a JVM...
Error: Could not create the Java Virtual Machine.
Error: A fatal exception has occurred. Program will exit.
Invalid maximum heap size: -Xmx${tomcat.maxSize}
JVM exited while loading the application.
Reloading Wrapper configuration...
Launching a JVM...
Error: Could not create the Java Virtual Machine.
Error: A fatal exception has occurred. Program will exit.
Invalid maximum heap size: -Xmx${tomcat.maxSize}
JVM exited while loading the application.
There were 5 failed launches in a row, each lasting less than 300 seconds.  Giving up.
  There may be a configuration problem: please check the logs.
<-- Wrapper Stopped

And this is the bat file which is running the Java server:
@echo off

setlocal

SET MODE=%1

IF  "%MODE%" == "" (
    SET MODE=run
)

IF "%1"=="debug" (
    SET _YWRAPPER_CONF=%~dp0tomcat/conf/wrapper-debug.conf
    SET MODE=run
)

IF "%1"=="minimal" (
    SET _YWRAPPER_CONF=%~dp0tomcat/conf/wrapper-minimal.conf
    SET MODE=run
)

IF "%1"=="jprofiler" (
    SET _YWRAPPER_CONF=%~dp0tomcat/conf/wrapper-jprofiler.conf
    SET MODE=run
)

IF "%1"=="" (
   set _YWRAPPER_CONF=%~dp0tomcat/conf/wrapper.conf
)

IF "%1"=="-v" (
    call java -cp %~dps0tomcat\lib\catalina.jar org.apache.catalina.util.ServerInfo
    GOTO:EOF
)

call %~dps0tomcat\bin\catalina.bat %MODE%

endlocal

What could be the reason and how can I solve this issue ?
I tried to restart my machine, and it didn't fix it, also tried to run with -Xmx value and no success either.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


A crucial part of the wedding planning process is finding your dream dress. It's one of the best-known symbols of the ceremony and a piece that everyone's eyes gravitate toward. The color, design and fit of a dress is important in looking and feeling your absolute best— but when it comes to affordability, a specific dress you had in mind could quickly turn into one that is no longer an option due budget restrictions. Before booking an appointment to try on wedding gowns, it is important to consider alternative ways to save as much as you can, all while enjoying the process of finding the dress of your dreams. Here are some budget-savvy tips to inspire you!
Before stepping into a bridal shop, it is imperative to allocate a portion of your budget towards your dress. Having a defined budget in mind will ensure you are trying on gowns that you can actually afford. If you plan on splitting the cost with a family member or your spouse, designate a time to talk about your financials and the variety of ways you can save some extra cash. Limit the amount of spending on non-wedding items such as clothing, food and entertainment for the time being. If you and your partner are still paying off college debt, research the option of refinancing your student loans to unify the cost. If you're paying for unlimited data on your smartphones, evaluate your internet usage and consider a cheaper plan. After discussing your options, you'll go into dress shopping with the comfort of knowing how much you can spend.
Almost every bridal shop displays their available gowns within the windows and throughout the store on mannequins. In many cases, the sample dresses have been tried on or lightly worn, yet undamaged and in great condition. Retailers set these dresses at low prices due to an overwhelming amount of new dresses coming in that keep up with the seasonal trends. Purchasing a gown 'as-is' comes with a responsibility to fix any subtle imperfections or alterations, but ultimately, you'll be saving a great amount of money on something that was originally at a high price point.
If you aren't interested in spending a crazy amount of money on a wedding dress that you'll wear for one day, this is a great option for you! Renting a dress is a great way to try on both simple and designer options that meet your style requirements all while keeping your budget in mind. Even though you have to give the dress back, a great perk of that is not having to find storage space for it. When looking at rental dresses, it is possible that others will try to go after the same dress. Always follow up with the consultant to secure your interest and willingness to pay for it before it becomes the dress for another bride.
Another great option for saving money on your wedding dress is to buy separates. Buying a top and skirt individually gives you more choices to pick from and places to choose from, which makes it simple to budget accordingly. If you have trouble finding a separate top and skirt that you love, don't be afraid to buy a full dress that is on the cheaper side and have it altered to another top or bottom that you've found. You can get really creative with this, and it will almost feel like you're the designer!
Wedding dresses with intricate beading, gems or fabric are bound to be more expensive due to the time and attention to detail used to make it. When looking for inexpensive options, scout a simple, yet elegant gown to save money. A plain dress can really make a statement, especially if you pair it with an embellishment that stands out, like jewelry, shoes or a unique bouquet.


Project definition: semantic markup is data marked up, however lightly or heavily, in ways which reflect the semantic content of a text, rather than its structure.
The Fine Rolls are documents produced in medieval England detailing payments to the king; these payments were entered onto parchment rolls and kept as a central record. Thus the Fine Rolls provide an essential insight into the relationship between the monarch and his subjects, especially royal patronage, as well as fine-grained financial insight into medieval society. The long reign of Henry III (1216-1272) is a good opportunity to make a long sequence of the rolls available online for the first time, and is particularly valuable in the case of Henry III since previously there has not been a printed edition of the Fine Rolls for this monarch, the only edition being an inadequate collection of excerpts. Until this project the only recourse for researchers was to study the rolls in The National Archives in Kew, which raised both problems of access for researchers far from London, and preservation questions for the rolls.
The project has been funded by the Arts and Humanities Research Council (AHRC) in two phases. The project team consists of staff from King's College, London (History department and Centre for Computing in the Humanities), Canterbury Christ Church University and The National Archives.
Full translations of the Latin text of the rolls. These translations are being supplemented by further information included only in the Originalia Rolls (copies sent to the Exchequer) but not in the Fine Rolls themselves.
Index and search facilities for the Fine Rolls, between 1216 and 1248 in the first instance. These will list all people and places in the rolls, as well as giving a subject index. This will enable complex searches to be carried out. It is hoped that additional funding will allow the completion of the index for the rest of Henry's reign. In the meantime the translations will be searchable in the usual but basic way with a web browser's 'find in page' facility.
Print publication of the translations and indexes for 1216-1242. Again, it is hoped that additional funding for complete indexing will allow the print publication of translations of the rolls for the entire reign.
It is notable that the project outputs do not include a transcription of the Latin text, which would make the Latin lexically searchable. Other, similar projects have been able to include transcriptions as well as translations, for example the Early English Laws project (http://www.earlyenglishlaws.ac.uk/). However this step clearly adds another round of work, and it is significant that Earl English Laws has a different project model, involving a large element of crowd-sourcing and incremental publication as new editions of individual manuscripts are completed.
Additionally, the project has committed to publishing a 'Fine of the Month', in which an expert comments on a particular fine, illuminating its features and historical importance. This is part of the project's attempt to make a wider impact for material which is, in itself, somewhat arcane to the layman.
a suite of other technologies has grown up around XML, for instance the ability to interrogate and transform XML using the XSL family (for example XSLT, which can transform XML into other formats or restructured XML documents), as well as numerous XML editing tools – for example, the Fine Rolls project used Oxygen XML editor, a widely available and very full-featured editor popular in academic projects.
the widespread use of XML within digital humanities projects makes it very suitable for linking to other data, as well as to re-use; given the extent to which XML is used worldwide, its sustainability as a format looks assured for some decades.
The text of the translation has been marked up using the Text Encoding Initiative (TEI) guidelines (see http://www.tei-c.org/index.xml). The TEI has extensive markup specifically designed for complex manuscript work such as that involved in this project.
Naturally, other attributes can be added to meet the project's requirements.
The key attribute here is being used to link the descriptive text about Phillip Marc to his entry in the authority file of individuals, as is also being done with the placename authority file for Nottinghamshire. In this way TEI markup in XML is being used to generate the indexes for the project as well as allowing more comprehensive searching by including variants in the markup.
It allows this dataset to be linked to others, using the same ontology and, potentially, the same URIs. For example, if Phillip Marc who appears above, also appeared in another project to do with medieval Nottingham this second project could use the same URI (Uniform Resource Indicator) as that used by the Fine Rolls project, which would allow Phillip Marc to be returned in searches across both datasets.
It allows machine reasoning over the data, where relationships explicitly declared in the OWL ontology can be the basis for machines to infer further relationships. To take a very simple example, if there is a declaration that Phillip Marc has a wife called, let's say, Britney Marc, then it need not be declared that Britney Marc has a husband called Phillip Marc, because a reasoning engine can deduce this.
As noted above, despite being a very large undertaking, this project did not have the resources for a transcription of the Latin text. Nevertheless the Henry III Fine Rolls project is something of a gold standard in projects of this type, offering high-quality manuscript images, linked, TEI-encoded translations, and RDF-OWL encoding. There are numerous possible extensions of this methodology in ways which would build on the work that has already been done: other rolls series and documents for the same monarch, or the fine rolls for contiguous monarchs, for example; if these were encoded in the same way, with attention to cross-searching, then this valuable resource would become even more useful.
The Fine Rolls project is the outcome of a large grant from the AHRC and a multi-institution collaboration. It shows the possibilities of a high-end markup project. Nevertheless, leaving aside the unavoidable expense of professional manuscript photography, the rest of the project methodology can be employed on a much smaller scale and with little cost other than staff time. A committed researcher could produce a TEI- and RDF-OWL-encoded transcription of a smaller document, using the same editors (Oxygen and Protégé Owl) , with almost no outlay on equipment.


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text:
<?php

namespace PuphpetBundle\Controller;

use Symfony\Bundle\FrameworkBundle\Controller\Controller;

class VagrantfileSoftlayerController extends Controller
{
    public function indexAction(array $data)
    {
        return $this->render('PuphpetBundle:vagrantfile-softlayer:form.html.twig', [
            'data' => $data,
        ]);
    }

    public function machineAction()
    {
        return $this->render('PuphpetBundle:vagrantfile-softlayer/sections:machine.html.twig', [
            'machine'     => $this->getData()['empty_machine'],
            'datacenters' => $this->getData()['datacenters'],
            'cpus'        => $this->getData()['cpus'],
            'memories'    => $this->getData()['memory'],
        ]);
    }

    public function syncedFolderAction()
    {
        return $this->render('PuphpetBundle:vagrantfile-softlayer/sections:synced-folder.html.twig', [
            'synced_folder' => $this->getData()['empty_synced_folder'],
        ]);
    }

    /**
     * @return array
     */
    private function getData()
    {
        $manager = $this->get('puphpet.extension.manager');
        return $manager->getExtensionAvailableData('vagrantfile-softlayer');
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


That is Czech rowers playing ice hockey, the number two sport (after football/soccer) in this country. Perfect black ice, unfortunately covered by a thin layer of powder snow.
Global warming doesn't help, but when the canals and lakes freeze in The Netherlands, it is great. You can skate from village to village and spend the entire day on the ice, doing 50 to 100km. Locals set up food stalls on the ice.
Back to the Czech Republic. Of course I had skating fever, so I couldn't wait and we drove down to the lake immediately after breakfast.
Put on the skates and skated away … bliss. It's like rowing, you never unlearn it. Also the feeling is similar to rowing, you push and glide, push and glide, and you can get into a great rhythm.
Spent the first 30 minutes wiping a crude 400m oval clean of snow. Locals quickly discovered it and started circling with me. A bit annoying that about one third of the people skated the oval in clockwise direction!
Clockwise direction. That's very dangerous. You bump into people. It's like going down the highway in the wrong direction.
The oval was OK but there was an entire lake to explore. So I skated up to Rokle, then to Lodni Sporty, back to our rowing club. A few more loops on the oval, then to Lodni Sporty to greet some friends who were preparing a hockey field for a match at noon. Back to the club.
I wanted to take pictures but I left the camera in the car. It was snowing lightly and the light wasn't very beautiful.
After 20km I stopped. I was worried a little that this would be too light training. It felt so effortlessly. Walking up the hill to the car, I noticed that my legs were tired anyway.
Tomorrow again. Then temperatures will rise, so next weekend will probably not be safe to skate.


On this page you can download the audio track for the movie Dorian Gray russian lang. Russian dubbing audio track will allow you to fully enjoy movies Dorian Gray 2009 year. Download audio track Dorian Gray for movie for free and see the detailed characteristics of track can be below.


text:
Biografia
È figlio di Marcel Mbayo, ex calciatore della nazionale congolese.

Carriera
Cresciuto nel settore giovanile del , debutta in prima squadra il 10 marzo 2019 in occasione dell'incontro di Pro League perso 1-0 contro il . Dopo la retrocessione del club gioca i primi incontri della stagione successiva salvo trasferirsi al  gli ultimi giorni di mercato.

Rimane fra le fila dei Buffalo's per due stagioni collezionando 11 presenze e due reti; il 3 agosto 2021 passa a titolo definitivo al .

Statistiche
Statistiche aggiornate al 17 dicembre 2021.

Presenze e reti nei club

Note

Collegamenti esterni

Calciatori figli d'arte

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Nicholas J. Gross, MD, PhD, has disclosed no relevant financial relationships.
Serve(d) as a speaker or a member of a speakers bureau for: Boehringer-Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals; Genentech; Gilead Sciences, Inc.
Serve(d) as a speaker or a member of a speakers bureau for: Astellas Pharma, Inc.; Merck & Co.; Pfizer, Inc.


text:
Marco Tulio Villalobos, pintor colombiano nacido en 1910 en la ciudad de Cali (Colombia) y fallecido en la misma en 1990, fue reconocido además de su arte por haber militado en el equipo de fútbol América durante los años 1920s y 1930s siendo uno de los primeros arqueros del club escarlata en su historia, así como un destacado colaborador en la recuperación de las memorias de la escuadra vallecaucana en cuanto a sus orígenes.

Trayectoria como futbolista

Villalobos inició su carrera futbolística en un equipo denominado El Hispano. Llegó al América en 1929, en cierto modo por casualidad, pues un día cruzaba por la antigua cancha de Galilea, lugar donde entrenaban los jugadores escarlatas, y se detuvo a ver su práctica. Luis Carlos Cárdenas, presidente americano de aquel entonces, le preguntó si quería entrenar con ellos, y la respuesta fue 'vengo a entrenar, me ponen a prueba, y si les sirvo formó parte del equipo'.

A la par de su actividad deportiva trabajaba en un horno de alfarería, algo común en la época teniendo en cuenta que el fútbol profesional aún no existía por aquel tiempo. 'Villa', como lo llamaban sus compañeros, fue el arquero titular de la gira que emprendió el cuadro escarlata por Colombia en 1931, debida a una suspensión impuesta por la Federación de Fútbol tras protestar el arbitraje de un partido contra The Cali Football Club (el primer equipo administrativamente organizado en Colombia que apareció en 1912, y que no tiene relación alguna comprobada con el actual Deportivo Cali). Dicho juego terminó 1-0 a favor del Cali FC, pero los jugadores americanos reclamaron la anulación de dos goles al parecer legítimos.

En dicha gira, el América viajó a Bogotá donde enfrentó sendos equipos capitalinos. El club vallecaucano llegó a la final de la Copa Olaya Herrera, la cual, en palabras de 'Villa', "le fue arrebatada al América por gracia del señor árbitro, quien le dio el triunfo al Juventud". La correría americana también llegó a la Costa Atlántica, jugando en ciudades como Santa Marta y Barranquilla, así como Medellín.

Por su trabajo en el horno, Villalobos decidió retirarse del fútbol activo en 1934. Su último partido defendiendo la valla roja fue ante el Europa Germania, donde tapó el primer tiempo y para el segundo dijo adiós dejándole su lugar al juvenil Fernández.

'Villa' fue un deportista íntegro, leal y respetuoso. Una anécdota referida por uno de sus compañeros en el América, Luis Carlos 'Flaco' Rojas, cuenta que en 1936 el Hispania de Palmira enfrentó al América para definir el campeonato. Durante el encuentro, los palmiranos anotaron un gol que, debido a la escasa visibilidad del momento, dejó dudas en el árbitro para validarlo. Por tanto éste le preguntó a 'Villa' si el balón había ingresado en su marco, y en un enorme gesto de honestidad que prácticamente no se ve en el presente, el arquero americano respondió afirmativamente.

Los testimonios que dejó Villalobos han sido de vital importancia para establecer la historia de la escuadra escarlata desde sus inicios. Además, escribió un libro llamado Historia del equipo América, publicado en 1957 y que ha servido para precisar algunas controversias en cuanto al origen de 'la Mechita'. fue uno de los primeros en describir los pormenores de la gira nacional en 1931 y narrar la historia remota del América de Cali, con los Diablos Rojos ganó al menos 4 títulos correspondientes a 1931, 1932, 1933 y 1934

Carrera artística
De familia obrera empezó su carrera artística a los 53 años de edad (1963). En el año 1967 la Biblioteca Luis Ángel Arango, invitó a varios pintores primitivistas colombianos de gran trayectoria, donde el maestro Villalobos fue denominado como un gran exponente del estilo naif de la historia colombiana.

En la colección del Banco de la República de Colombia, se encuentran varias de las obras de este artista de la región azucarera de Colombia, el Valle del Cauca.

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 REVISTA DEL AMÉRICA EDICIÓN DIGITAL

 Listado de Obras en la Biblioteca Luis Ángel Arango II
 Museo Nacional de Colombia - Pieza del Mes
 Google News Archive - Periódico El Tiempo Oct 29, 1969

Pintores de Colombia del siglo XX
Personas de Cali
Futbolistas del América de Cali


text:
Prima Donna – The story of an opera
Prima Donna explores the rapid rise of the most mercurial talent of the modern music scene, an extraordinary singer and composer of some of the most sophisticated pop music and affecting lyrics of the last thirty years – a man who Elton John called the "best songwriter in the world". The film both tells Rufus's colourful story and follows his journey as he creates his very first opera, 'Prima Donna'; he is plunged into the very midst of the classical world.
Opera has always been a great love of Rufus's, but this documentary will reveal how Rufus arrived at this point. He talks candidly about his background; the family of musical luminaries (father: Loudon Wainwright; mother Kate McGarrigle; sister Martha Wainwright), his troubled personal history with drugs and also the tensions that have informed his music.
It is the creation of the opera that provides the spine of the film. From the first workshop through to the run up to opening night we have captured the highs and lows as Rufus embarks on the mammoth task of creating his first opera. We find out what it felt like being the outsider when all the more established opera colleagues ganged up against him and his co-librettist.
Filmed in London, in his childhood home in Montréal, performing at a solo show in Paris, in New York where he now lives, Berlin where we see him creating his first classical work with avant garde director Robert Wilson, and of course in Leeds and Manchester where the opera, Prima Donna took its bow.
This is a unique insight into an artist at the height of his powers, and a snapshot of a star taking a leap into the unknown.
As well as interviews and special performances or songs old and new with Rufus himself, the film includes interviews with Kate McGarrigle, Loudon Wainwright III, Anna McGarrigle, Martha Wainwright and celebrated soprano Renée Fleming.
Documentaries FilmsDec 20th, 20090 comments
Classic Albums Don McLean American Pie
Buddy Holly Rave On
Je T'Aime. The Story Of French Song With Petula Clark
The Everly Brothers Harmonies From Heaven
You've Got A Friend The Carole King Story / Carole King Natural Woman
Live Concerts
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text:
Q: nginx conditional pre-render pages for SEO(if + try_files) For SEO purpose, I have a rendering server that will serve fully rendered webpage to googlebot.
IF
  UA is googlebot THEN proxy pass to rendering server
ELSE
  serve page normally

Now the problem is, when I mix if and try_files together, it never works.
How can I change the following config to something that works as the above logic?
location ~ ^/web/(.*) {
    if ($http_user_agent ~* "googlebot|bingbot|yandex") {
        proxy_pass http://render.domain.com;
        break;
    }

    try_files $uri /project/$1 /project/dist/$1;
}

A: You have two regular expressions in that configuration. When nginx encounters a new regular expression, it will reset the numbered captures.
So, whereas you expect $1 to be the capture from the location statement, it is in fact an empty capture from the if statement.
You can use named captures instead. For example:
location ~ ^/web/(?<name>.*) {
    if (...) { ... }
    try_files $uri /project/$name /project/dist/$name;
}