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Concordia News
Home Concordia News
News articles Tamara has written for the Concordia Neighborhood Association, a community-based newsletter in Portland, Oregon.
Click on the photo to go to the complete article.
Pandemic suspends Cully market
When Ted Snider first moved to Portland by way of Portland, Maine, farmers markets served the communities of Beaverton, Gresham and Hillsboro. It was 1975, and there were none within Portland city limits.
Ted got a few friends together to start Portland Farmers Market, and he managed that downtown event for its first five years..
Videos target nutrition, activity for children
Just because local children were schooling at home until last month – and continue to be isolated from normal routines this summer – that's no reason to drop good health and wellness habits. Fuel Up to Play 60 (FUTP60) is the largest in-school health and wellness program
Neighbors exercise, get connected
Sam Balto knows you can social distance without losing social connections. Beginning March 16, he's led his Concordia neighbors – children and adults alike – in workouts five afternoons a week. The physical education teacher at Cesar Chavez School in Portsmouth Neighborhood has been teaching for more than 10 years at schools in Boston and Washington, D.C. – in addition to serving as a Playworks coach.
Part-time Concordian writes
Peter Chilson wanted to be a writer ever since junior high school. He can't recall wanting to be anything else. When he was 14, he read a column in the local weekly newspaper in Aspen, Colorado, that painted an unflattering portrait of teenage youths in town. Peter, being one of those teenage youths, wrote a response in the form of a letter to the editor.
There's no absence of titles in this new shop
Travel down a whimsical dirt path surrounded by lush greenery and you will arrive at Melville books, a charming new addition to Alberta Street. Mitchell Melville is the owner, and he has never owned a bookstore before; however, "I have been scouting books for about 10 years and selling online as well," he said.
There's no slowing this tortoise
When Rita and Ross Davis first met Bump, Bump was sick, blowing bubbles out of his nose and lying all by himself in a cold and wet backyard. He was an African spurred tortoise in need of rescue. Bump only weighed 3.5 pounds and was still a baby. Rita had to spoon feed Bump medicine mixed with small tortoise food (small kibbles) for two weeks.
Ready, Set, Grow offers services to families
Ready Set Grow (RSG) is a new movement, art, education and wellness studio dedicated to families. Classes are offered for new parents, ones well past postpartum, for parents who didn't give birth to their children and for kids, including those with sensory and learning differences. Opened in February, RSG is the creative brainchild of Daniele Strawmyre, a professional dancer, choreographer, yoga instructor and installation artist.
Concordian doctors pets, both on and off the job
The fear is that the day may come when only the wealthy can afford pets. With the rising cost of pet deposits and rents, as well as veterinary care, that time might not be far off. Enter Portland Animal Welfare (PAW) Team. PAW Team provides free veterinary care to the animals of people experiencing homelessness and extreme poverty. PAW Team offer vaccinations, some surgeries as well as spay and neuter services, and has been a part of the Portland community for the past 10 years.
They're bringing joy to children
Dean Johnston, retired Portland firefighter, once played a helicopter-delivered Santa. It was during the 2012 holiday season. The event, held in Washington County, was put on by Tualatin Fire & Rescue with Portland Fire & Rescue (PF&R). "When you are dressed as Santa Claus, it's amazing how many people wave at you," Dean said. Although less dramatic but more impactful than playing Santa is his work with PF&R's Toy & Joy Makers. Dean has been with the group headquartered next door in Cully Neighborhood since 1969, and he became director in 1984.
Biking evolves from passion to vocation
When bike enthusiast Dave Stoops moved to Portland from Connecticut in 2002, he was 18 and ready to get out on his own. Dave's two sisters had already moved here and, when visiting them, Dave had the opportunity to experience the Pacific Northwest. He'd fallen in love with the wilderness outside the city — the Wallowas' meteor showers, the high desert, the beautiful coast line and the forests. Discovering cycling as a young adult showed Dave he could live a healthier life by changing his mode of transportation. He began making a living as a bike courier.
It's all in a day's work for lobbyist
A lobbyist's day at work can be long, and it can be varied, accord ing to Courtney Westling, Portland Public Schools government relations director. In just one day, she: Worked on the logistics of an upcoming visit to the school district by the Oregon Joint Legislative Committee on Student Success; Met with city officials to talk about ways to strengthen the district's relationship with the Portland Parks & Recreation; Conferred with a colleague from another school district to discuss ways to collaborate during the upcoming legislative session
Bike polo is popular Alberta Park sport
"Beer is very important," Maria said. "If you're not drinking, you're cheating," Pete added with one of the rules from the early days of the game. And so began the Friday night Bike Polo Happy Hour rounds in Alberta Park. Maria sat on the bench. She is officially retired after playing 1½ times in 1½ years. She was indoctrinated when she started hanging out at a community cycling center.
Writing eases stress, builds community
Barbara Kelso describes herself as a sleep-deprived mom, writer and amateur paparazzo of her neurodiverse autism spectrum disorder family. She started her blog, Kelso Kids, 7 1/2 years ago as a journal for her daughter Leonora, now 7, in case something happened during Barbara's pregnancy with the girl. Barbara had gestational diabetes, and the medical professionals were scaring her about being pregnant. At only 34 years old, they labeled her pregnancy geriatric. If anything happened, she wanted Leonora to know who she was, and what her hopes and dreams were.
PCC workforce center due redevelopment
There's about to be a lot more activity at the corner of Killingsworth Street and 42nd Avenue. Thanks to the ongoing support of Portland voters, a $185 million bond measure was passed last year to provide Portland Community College (PCC) the opportunity to demolish the Metro Workforce Center's two outdated buildings on that three-acre site and combine the programs into one multi-story facility. PCC is currently staffing up its Planning and Capital Construction Office and beginning the initial planning and coordination meetings with the team at Metro Center.
Filmmaker prefers Concordia, new career
Shannon Guirl lights up the world. And it all started with inspiration from Alberta Street. Shannon grew up in Chicago and traveled through Europe prior to landing in Brooklyn to work on film and television documentaries like "Bowling for Columbine" and "Shut Up and Sing" about The Dixie Chicks, plus reality TV shows like "American Pickers" and "Cash Cab." She worked primarily as an editor, but also assisted with filming on documentaries and documentary-based TV shows. After 12 years in the film & TV industry, Shannon found she had hit a wall. She needed something different. In 2009, she took a ceramics class in Brooklyn and learned the basics of slip casting and mold making.
Concordian enjoys cats, people at OHS
What do you do if you have spare time and love animals? You volunteer at the Oregon Humane Society (OHS). Concordian Diane Hogan has been volunteering at the OHS cattery for the past 23 years. Her love of animals started when she was four with a dog, a cat and a chicken. It was also when Diane was four that her father got her mother a Siamese cat. It was the late 1940s and Siamese cats were extremely rare. He was a pure bred named Woo Yang of Jericho. Currently, Diane's cats – whom she adopted from OHS – have less outrageous names. Both Isaac and Aurora are participants in OHS' Friends Forever Program. "In return for a bequest from the pet parent's estate, OHS will receive, provide all necessary care and find appropriate homes for the pets," Gary Kish, explained development vice president of development.
Intentional community nears completion
Organic. Non-GMO. Humane pet food. And now intentional communities are the wave of a green future. One is in next door neighborhood Cully. An intentional community is a cluster of private homes, with shared interior and exterior spaces, designed to benefit groups of people of all ages. This makes it easy to form clubs, organize child and elder care, and to carpool. Cohousing facilitates interaction among neighbors and thereby provides social, practical, economic, and environmental benefits. Members share common amenities such as garden plots, open outdoor areas, tools, a common house for large gatherings, guest rooms and more. They work together to enhance and beautify the landscape. That also creates a sense of being part of something larger than themselves – while they also enjoy private homes to retreat to with family and friends. Cully Grove is the most recent, full-scale intentional community built by Eli Spevak, the owner of development company Orange Splot LLC, a company named after a favorite children's book.
Daruma doll inspires Daruma sushi fare
Daruma (duh-roo-muh): a hollow, round traditional Japanese doll. Daruma dolls are seen as symbols of perseverance and good luck. When acquired, the figure's eyes are both blank/ white. An owner will then select a goal or wish and paint in one of the figure's two eyes to "keep an eye on it." Once the desired goal is achieved the second eye is filled in. Daruma is also the name of a local sushi restaurant. It moved recently from 42nd Avenue and Fremont Street to 1640 N.E. Killingsworth St. Owner Andy Diaz, originally a broadcast engineer at NYU Law School, had no food background when he opened it.
Lighthouse is 100 miles from open sea
Richard Roberts sure loves his brother Jerry. Sadly, Jerry passed away in summer 2016. The only thing Richard loves more than the memory of his brother is the legacy Jerry left behind: a 38-foot-tall lighthouse in Richard's backyard at 4334 N.E. Holman St. Jerry, who suffered from alcoholism most of his life, moved in with Richard five years ago. Richard wanted his kitchen remodeled, and Jerry offered to construct it. Richard agreed – but only if Jerry stopped drinking. Jerry did. The job included rebuilding the cabinets and installing new tile. Jerry shared his basement apartment with his collection of about 100 mini lighthouses. He mused to Richard he would like to build one. A big one. A life-size one. Richard knew he could not say "no" to his brother. "If you want to build one, build one," Richard told him. Jerry set about to build himself a lighthouse.
Concordian changes job, not his purpose
The problem is concrete. Paved surfaces contribute to storm-water pollution, whereby rainwater carries toxic urban pollutants to local streams and rivers, greatly degrading water quality and riparian habitats. Pavement also disconnects us from our natural world. The solution is clear. The removal of impervious pavements will reduce storm-water pollution and increase the amount of land available for habitat restoration, urban farming, trees, native vegetation, and beauty, thus providing us with greater connections to the natural world. – Depave.org Eric Rosewall traded hats recently, leaving Depave and joining PP&R. But his job continues to concentrate on greenspaces. Eric Rosewall grew up in southwest Michigan and moved to Oregon in 2003 after visiting Seattle and falling in love with the lush botanic wonders of the Pacific Northwest. He earned a University of Oregon degree in landscape architecture.
Ladybug walks are part of ponds' charm
The small crew of two year olds and five year olds embarked on their journey around Whitaker Ponds. Part of Ladybug Nature Walks, they set out to discover what moss feels like, what a beaver chew is, how to touch thistle so it won't poke you. Rain or no rain. Wind or no wind. They strapped on their tiny, borrowed ladybug backpacks, and off they went. Each backpack contained the tools needed for this all-important mission: plastic magnifying glass, thick paintbrush, plastic cup and beaded multi-colored bracelet to be used as a color wheel. These four ecologists and their parents and grandparents left the Whitaker Ponds gazebo at 10 a.m. on a Thursday. Their red ladybug backpacks bobbing in the wind, they were not to be distracted.
Finn still missing, wanted at home
"He's my baby. He'll come back." Nic's positive. Nic is the parent of Finn, the cat who hangs out at New Seasons on 33rd Avenue and Killingsworth Street. Finn is so well-known he even has his own Facebook page. Finn made himself the local ambassador at the store. He would stand at the front doors greeting all who wanted to shop. People started leaving food out for him which store employees would discourage, because that would attract rodents. Ever the adventurer, Finn loved to jump into cars. New Seasons employee Keith said Finn had been holding court there for about three months before he disappeared.
Writer hangs his hat in Concordia
Winston Ross travels the world writing for Newsweek and, when his assignment end s, he comes home to Concordia. He's lived in a charming home next to Fernhill Park for the past 1½ years. He knows he is lucky. Once the original deal for the house fell through for another buyer, he was able to snap it up. Winston first began writing in junior high in Berkeley, California, when he joined the student newspaper. The faculty adviser gave Winston a lot of leeway. He was able to write opinion pieces, and felt like he had a voice – very rare for a 13-year-old kid. Winston felt he mattered.
Find repairs, resources at Fix-It Fair
"The Fix-It Fairs are a great resource for neighbors who want to learn how to save money, keep their families healthy and improve their homes," Arianne Sperry reported. She should know. Arianne is a city employee and nearby neighbor – just four blocks into Woodlawn neighborhood – who has volunteered for more than five years at the events. You may see her at the Saturday, Feb. 24, fair between 9:30 a.m. and 2:30 p.m. at Madison High School. "There are exhibitors who can answer questions and point you in the right direction on a number of topics from pesticide-free gardening, to recycling, to how to get around by bike," she said. "You can even pick up free helpful tools like a faucet aerator or a lead paint test kit."
Online furniture goes brick and mortar
You are sure you hear Frank Sinatra croon "My Way" as you enter furniture store A Life Designed (ALD). Owner and curator Randy Sloan created ALD 4.5 years ago while living in Scottsdale, Arizona. His style leans toward "sophisticated man cave," Randy explained. "Martinis, the Rat Pack, low lighting, leather." But, when he makes purchases for ALD, Randy does not speculate. He buys only what he loves, what speaks to him. And, as this is the case, many clients find more than one piece to purchase. They all work together.
OFB coordinator is passionate about food
When her brother took his wedding vows in the Willamette Valley in July, Allison Bansen took the opportunity to move back from Washington, D.C., to her beloved Oregon. Two weeks later, she started work at the Oregon Food Bank (OFB). "It was the perfect transition time," she said. Allison is one of five volunteer coordinators working full time on the OFB team. Coordinating volunteers isn't new to her. She'd been at it for five years in Washington before moving to Concordia. "I live right off Alberta. It's less than a two-mile, six-minute commute." Her passion is food and food access, which makes sense as Allison's favorite part of her job is the food repack. Produce arrives at the warehouse in 48-by-48- inch bins. Volunteers then repack the food down into family-sized portions.
I've learned so much and become a better author working with Tamara. We met years ago because of our love for companion animals. During one conversation, I mentioned that I'd been working on a historical science fiction series with four novels and an anthology already written. One of the steps I needed before publishing was the services of an editor. I wasn't sure what to expect, so I had Tamara edit a few short stories from my anthology. If she was reasonable to work with and gave helpful editing and counseling, I would have her work on my first full length novel. As it turned out, her encouragement, sage suggestions and challenges have me appreciative and eager to continue working with Tamara. We've gone through my first novel and are into the next, a few chapters at a time.
~ Alan Smith, author, The Spark Legends
Ask me about my children's books and other writings here
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© Tamara Anne Fowler 2019 -


NOTE: See "Additional Information" below for all compatible PC models.
The HP SFF Wall Mount from RackSolutions allows HP Small Form Factor PC models including ProDesk and Compaq models, to be mounted to a wall with a monitor for a compact all-in-one workstation. The wall mount attaches to the PC to the wall then allows a PC monitor to be mounted to the other side using 75mm and 100mm VESA hole patterns, creating a space efficient work environment. A perforated rear cover prevents essential cables from being removed or knocked out of the PC. The rear cover is easily removed for maintenance with a thumbscrew. The HP SFF Wall Mount is compatible with the, HP ProDesk 600 G2 SFF, HP ProDesk 400 G1 SFF, HP Compaq 6300 Pro SFF, HP ProDesk 600 G1 SFF, and the HP Compaq Elite 8300 SFF. For an adjustable monitor, an optional tilt bracket is available as an upgrade to position the monitor at a more comfortable viewing angle. All mounting hardware is included.


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WMHT Fri 7:30pm, Sat 12am, Sun 12am
WNET Sat 11am
WLIW Sun 11am
WXXI Sun 6:30pm
WNED Sun 9:30am
WSKG Sun 5:30pm
WPBS Sun 6:30am
Mountain Lake PBS Fri 8:30pm, Sat 7:30pm, Sun 10:30am
WCNY Fri 9pm
Dream Act passes the Assembly, but future is uncertain
wmht web editor
• Published on February 7, 2018 • Last modified on October 9, 2019
In the midst of a national debate on immigration, the New York State Assembly this week passed a bill to give children of undocumented immigrants access to financial aid for college.
The measure, which is separate from federal legislation and would apply only to New York state, would allow undocumented students to be eligible for funds from the state's Tuition Assistance Program if they attended high school in New York state or received a general equivalency diploma and have applied to a college or university within the state.
Assembly Speaker Carl Heastie said it's only fair.
"Many of these children grow up in our communities and are educated in our public schools," said Heastie, who added that once they graduate from high school, they are no longer eligible for aid that other students receive.
"This is discriminatory and it must end," he said.
The bill sponsor, Assemblywoman Carmen De La Rosa, immigrated to the United States with her family from the Dominican Republic. She said she was fortunate to obtain a college education, and she said the undocumented students deserve it, too.
"It is not lost on me that without my education, I would not be standing here as a New York state legislator," De La Rosa said.
Yatziri Tovar is an undocumented immigrant who came with her family from Mexico when she was 2 years old. She said she obtained her degree by working her way through college, and she now advocates for others as a co-founder of the City College of NY Dream Team.
She said heightened tensions in Washington over undocumented immigrants in the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals or DACA, program makes it more important than ever that the state legislation, first proposed eight years ago, finally become law in New York.
"This bill is even more important this year when Dreamers and their families are facing attacks from Washington," Tovar said. "New York must take a bold step in fighting against Trump's racism."
The measure passed 88-38 in the Assembly, where Democrats outnumber Republicans by a 2-1 ratio. Republicans who voted no, including Assemblyman Dean Murray, who represents parts of Long Island, said they believe the measure is unfair. Murray said it does not offer equivalent college aid to students and their families who immigrated to the country legally and who also contribute to the state's economy.
"That also describes that third-generation family from Ronkonkoma," Murray said. "I'm calling them the forgotten legal middle class."
The measure is stalled in the state Senate. The GOP leads that chamber, with the help of some breakaway Democrats.
Gov. Andrew Cuomo has included the New York State Dream Act in his budget proposal in an attempt to put pressure on the Senate. The budget needs to be finalized by the end of March.
Mayor de Blasio Comes to Albany
by matt ryan
Analysis: Percoco trial revelations
4 Global View
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LeBron is now tied to Magic. And so, however loosely, he's tied to us.
There is a sizable (albeit aging) faction of Lansing's population that have been true and proud Lakers fans for nearly four decades — ever since a beloved hometown kid made Los Angeles his NBA home.
For them, watching Earvin "Magic" Johnson secure LeBron James for the Lakers must be a thrill. Their Lakers once again have the NBA's marquee star. And Magic is running the show. It's fun for the rest of us, too.
LeBron agreed to a four-year, $154-million contract with the Lakers on Sunday. And Magic, the Lakers' general manager, delivered quickly on his promise to reshape the roster over the next two summers by signing one of the few players who can capture the attention of a city and league like he once did — a player and person like him in several ways.
Magic is to Lansing and mid-Michigan as LeBron is to Akron and Northeast Ohio.
Even for those of us who saw Magic as the villain in clashes with the Detroit Pistons of the "Bad Boys" era, that he is from Lansing and still embraces Lansing is a source of pride. We see Magic as one of us. He calls Lansing "Little LA." I love that.
Magic has likely never run into a player so much like himself as LeBron. James doesn't quite have Magic's charisma or flair, but he's got enough of it and everything else — the all-around game, the size, the ability to pull a team with him, the interests outside of basketball and the connection to his roots.
I forgave Magic for breaking my heart as a 8-year-old in the 1988 NBA finals (though I still haven't forgiven the official who called the phantom foul on Bill Laimbeer at the end of Game 6), just as Cleveland Cavaliers fans will — this time — forgive LeBron for leaving the Cavs. LeBron came home to give them a title and he kept his promise. And he's not leaving for good, just like Magic didn't, even if they both keep their primary residences in Los Angeles for the rest of their lives.
Magic's parents still live here. He is invested in this place, cares for it. You see it with his continued presence with Lansing schools and Michigan State basketball. LeBron, I sense, will be the same way, for life, for Akron.
I'd bet LeBron admires and relates to Magic these days in ways he doesn't and can't any other athlete. LeBron reportedly invited Magic to his Brentwood home as NBA free agency opened Saturday night. I'd love to have been a fly on those walls. Or just hear a recording of the conversation.
Much like with Magic, my appreciation for LeBron has grown over the years — how he turned a super team in Miami into his team, how he won with his back against the wall in 2012 in Game 6 in Boston, how he made amends for "The Decision" of 2010. How he's continued to dominate the game into his 30s. How he carries himself. How he takes care of himself. His mental edge. His ridiculous athletic gifts.
I've found myself rooting for LeBron at every turn since he came back to Cleveland. I'm pretty sure I'll be rooting for him with the Lakers. Some of that undoubtedly is simply admiration for a player and athlete unlike any other in my lifetime. Some of it, though, I'm sure will be LeBron's affiliation to an old player that shares some of his game and priorities. One of those priorities being his hometown.


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Pashtun and Modernity: Historical Context of Pashtun Modernity before Islam
Posted by: The Pashtun Times in Columns, Pashtun & Pashtunwali November 15, 2015	8 Comments
Pashtuns and modernity as a subject offers immediate pitfalls. It is profuse with cultural distinctiveness and idiosyncrasies, and may prove quite difficult at times for any learned foreign observer to grasp. On the other hand, from a Pashtun point of view, the outer world sometimes seems needlessly complex and tangled, irrationally busy, and while abundant in riches, psychologically as horrible as Kafka and Beckett could have it depicted, a mathematically rational construct on entirely baseless foundations.
Pashtuns are the world's largest segmentary society, the largest living Eastern Iranian people, and speak the largest living Eastern Iranian language – Pashto. The original religion of Pashtuns was Zoroastrian, in itself Eastern Iranian in origin.
Studies on Pashtun cultural resilience, particularly in the most extreme conditions, such as war-times, have wondered all foreign scholars. They have found this resilience quite enough explanation for how Pashtuns were able to survive to this day, notwithstanding laying across the passage of uncounted invasions, even as standing against the huge imperial powers of history that pressed upon them, while the Mughals, their one time strongest rivals, disappeared. Despite the Central Asian segmentary character of the Pashtuns, one similar with such as Pierre Clastres would call a stateless society or more precisely 'society-against-state', it is interesting that modern Pashtun state was established in 1747, much earlier than most of the modern Western states.
Before the Arab invasion of Afghanistan, Pashtun land remained an integral and natural satrapy of the Iranian Empire for continuously eleven centuries – from Achaemenian to Parthian and Sassanian empires. Until the end of the fourth century A.D., all the post-Achaemenian invasions of the Pashtun satrapy, with the only exception of Greek invasion, were from immediate Eastern Iranian nomadic people. They include Parthians, Scythians, Kushans and Bactrians. The latter though with a Hellenic veneer. What is more, for the most part all these nomadic empires were nearly co-religionists of the Pashtun people, except that the Scythian religious believes were more archaic than the Zoroastrian reforms of the earlier centuries, yet the highest deity of the Scythian tribes was still Atar, the pantheon of fire.
From the further north, towards the end of the fourth century A.D, the first non-Iranian outsiders invaded Eastern Iran, including the Pashtun satrapy. They were called Haytal by Iranians and Arabs, White Huns by Indians, and Ephthalites by Romans. The Chinese sources make distinction between White Huns and the Huns proper, mentioning that White Huns neither spoke Turkish nor Mongolian. Modern research however is of the opinion that Ephthalites were, even at the time of invasion, somehow Iranized people of the Turkic stock, and spoke a Turko-Iranian language. This is much similar like Mughals, who were Iranized people of the Turkic stock, and spoke Dari (Afghan Persian). Until 11th century A.D, Ephthalites, who had by now completely iranized, gradually disappeared in the local population.
The Sassanid emperor Khusrau Anushirvan decisively defeated Ephthalites in A.D. 568 and restored the Pashtun satrapy to the Iranian empire. However, the changes that Ephthalites brought in its wake to the Pashtun satrapy remained more profound, but, although I will come to that in the next article, for the time being suffice it to say that before the Arab invasion Kushan and Ephthalite remnants of power in Afghanistan had adopted Budhism and had also in the final phases come under the influence of Hinduism. There is now evidence that suggests that the greatest of the Budhist Kushan ruler, King Kanishka, had also come at some later stage under the influence of Hinduism. The Chinese traveler Hiuen-Tsang, who visited Peshawar and Kabul in A.D. 644, two years after the last Sassanid emperor Yazdegerd III was decisively defeated by Arab armies at Nihawand, reports that Budhism was fast losing ground here and people as well as rulers were reverting to the cult of Brahmanism.
The Arabian invasion of Iran was for the most part a story of success for the Arabs, except that its Pashtun satrapy proved to be a dismal failure for the Arab forces. Arab armies made some half-successful raids on Zabul, Kabul, and as far as Peshawar and once even Bannu, but on the whole Arab troops could neither become able to hold possessions east of Herat nor south of Balkh. Arab took firm control of Herat, Merv and Balkh, but never held the possession of Kabul. By way of Sistan, Arabs also took the possession of Helmand, Bust, and Arghandab, but failed to take Zabul, Ghor and Ghazni. Furthermore, after the death of Caliph Abdul Malik, the Arab troops also lost the firmness of their hold on Sistan.
Contrary to what is commonly believed, there was no mass conversion of Pashtuns into Islam during the Arab rule of Eastern Iran. The evidence suggests that during the whole period of Arab rule, and even long after that, Pashtuns certainly didn't have a common Muslim faith; rather they had by now become a multi-religious society with many tribes still adopting, and some having already adopted, Hinduism through the influence of Kushan and Ephthalite remnants, some retained Budhism, others retained Zoroastrianism, and quite a few coming to the new faith of Islam.
And yet the Arabian invasion of Iran was a turning point in the history of Iranian people and also, by extension, South Asia. Henceforth Pashtuns would begin, religiously, to become what they presently are – Muslims. But this will be an Islam Pashtuns would not receive from Arab troops, rather the Islam they would receive, would first pass through the Iranian prism. The conversion of Pashtuns to Islam would be the subject I would undertake in the next article of a series of articles on Pashtun and Modernity.
Writer: Wakeel Khan
Editor: THE PASHTUN TIMES
The writer is a student of Pakistan Studies at Quaid-i-Azam University. He can be reached at
wakeel.peshawar@gmail.com
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED WITH THE PASHTUN TIMES


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Q: unable to deploy Android APK on a blackberry device I have been trying to figure this out for a couple of days now,
I created some apps, I followed the steps to get a signed APK (https://www.udacity.com/wiki/ud853/course_resources/creating-a-signed-apk) .
The APK installs fine on android devices, but when I try to deploy on BB device, I get a "unable to install" message. An APK (downloaded from google play to my PC, then saved to the BB device) installs fine on the BB device, but non of my apps can be installed.
I think I am missing something I should do before or after creating the signed APK. Is there a way to diagnose or find the reason the installation is failing??
Here is my manifest file:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package="com.example.asamater.myapplication" >

<application
    android:allowBackup="true"
    android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
    android:label="@string/app_name"
    android:theme="@style/AppTheme" >
    <activity
        android:name=".MainActivity"
        android:label="@string/app_name" >
        <intent-filter>
            <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />

            <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
        </intent-filter>
    </activity>
</application>

</manifest>

A: Solved:
minimum supported API must be 18 or under.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Hendrik II van Savoye-Nemours (Parijs, 7 november 1625 - aldaar, 14 januari 1659) was van 1651 tot 1657 aartsbisschop van Aartsbisdom Reims en van 1652 tot aan zijn dood hertog van Genève, hertog van Nemours en hertog van Aumale. Hij behoorde tot het huis Savoye.

Levensloop
Hendrik II was de derde en jongste zoon van hertog Hendrik I van Savoye-Nemours en hertogin Anna van Aumale.

Hij was voorbestemd voor een kerkelijke loopbaan en in 1651 werd Hendrik verkozen tot aartsbisschop van Reims.

Na het overlijden van zijn oudere broer Karel Amadeus werd Hendrik II in 1652 hertog van Genève, Nemours en Aumale. Omdat hij voor mannelijke erfgenamen moest zorgen, nam hij in 1657 ontslag als aartsbisschop en beëindigde hij zijn kerkelijke loopbaan.

Op 22 mei 1657 huwde hij met Maria van Orléans-Longueville (1625-1707), vorstin van Neuchâtel en dochter van hertog Hendrik II van Longueville. Het huwelijk bleef kinderloos.

In januari 1659 stierf Hendrik op 33-jarige leeftijd. Terwijl het hertogdom Nemours als kroondomein naar koning Lodewijk XIV van Frankrijk ging, volgde zijn nicht Maria Johanna hem op als hertogin van Genève en Aumale.

Hertog van Nemours
Hertog van Genève
Hertog van Aumale
Savoye, H
Huis Savoye

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


At Anvil we have gained a reputation as a wire brush specialist, supplying quality wire brushes backed up with technical expertise. We offer probably the most comprehensive wire brush range available from an online store, with most available from stock for fast delivery.
Should the item you are looking for not be listed, please contact us. We have a huge portfolio of products available and can also offer a custom made service, with brushes manufactured to customers own specifications and requirements.


The Department of Mathematics at the University of California, Davis is soliciting applications for one or more Arthur J. Krener Assistant Professor positions starting July 1, 2018.
The Department seeks applicants with excellent research potential in areas of faculty interest and effective teaching skills. Applicants are required to have completed their Ph.D. by the time of their appointment, but no earlier than July 1, 2014. The annual salary is $64,000. The teaching load is 3 to 4 quarter-long courses. Krener appointments are renewable for a total of up to three years, upon demonstration of satisfactory performance in research and teaching.
Applications will be accepted until the position is filled. To guarantee full consideration, the application should be received by November 30, 2017. To apply: submit the AMS Cover Sheet and supporting documentation electronically through http://www.mathjobs.org/.


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भारतीय सांस्कृतिक सम्बंध परिषद Indian Council for Cultural Relations
Emergency Contact Number : +91-7303289317
Grievance Email : grievance[at]iccr[dot]com
Registration Certificate
ICCR Recruitment Rules
Member of General Assembly
Member of Governing Body
Former Director Generals
Incoming Cultural Delegations
Outgoing Cultural Delegations
List of Empanelled Artist
List of Distinguished Visitors Programme
List of Academic Visitors Programme
Online Form for Chairs
Fellowship Application Form
A2A Scholarship
Summer/Winter Application Form
Empanelment Artist/Group
Engagement of ICCR
Online Form for Director/Consultant
Online Form for Teachers
Conference Seminar
Topic/Concepts Notes
Proceeding of Previous Conference's
Gagananchal
GOSHA-E-AZAD
ICCR Awards
Home ❯ Cultural ❯ Outgoing Cultural Delegations
The primary mandate of the Council is to create international understanding through culture. To meet this objective, the Council showcases quality performing artiste/groups in countries across the world so that the people get to see and understand the diversity and the vibrancy of India's performing art forms like classical, folk, theater, modern dance and music etc. These groups are sent within the ambit of India's Cultural Exchange Programme with different countries as well as outside it. Artists have traveled abroad from every corner of India during the past six decades. The ICCR has sent thousands of cultural troupes across the globe, apart from organizing Cultural Weeks and Festivals dedicated to a specific country or region. On average, more than 160 groups have been traveling abroad in the last few years. The Council prides in having sent great masters, living legends as well as young and promising artists. This is a great way to showcase India's enduring and vibrant culture and its incredible diversity.
Major Festivals : Participation of ICCR
Cervantino Festival :
The ICCR has been sending Cultural groups for participation in the Cervantino International Festival (hyperlink of photographs) held annually in Mexico. The organizers of the Cervantino Festival had invited India to be the Guest of Honor country. The ICCR had sent 10 cultural groups from various genres for participation in the Festival from 10-28 October 2018. DG, ICCR, Smt. Riva Ganguly Das represented ICCR, Government of India at the inaugural ceremony. India's participation was a resounding success. Photographs of the performances can be seen on hyper link, which will open on separate page.
Janadriyah – the annual National Heritage and Cultural Festival :
India was the Guest of Honour country at the Janadriya Festival. President, ICCR, Dr. Vinay Sahasrabuddhe represented ICCR, Government of India at the inauguration of the National Heritage & Cultural Festival – Janadriya (hyperlink of photographs) organized in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia from 7-28 February 2018. ICCR sponsored 11 cultural groups to the Festival representing various regions of India. Photographs of the performances can be seen on hyper link, which will open on separate page.
Bhutan :
To celebrate the Golden Jubilee of Indo-Bhutan Diplomatic Relations (hyperlink of photographs), the ICCR has sent 06 groups so far from January – December 2018 for the celebrations.
The ICCR will also be sending a cultural component to participate in the closing ceremony to be held during December 2018.
Photographs of the performances can be seen on hyper link, which will open on separate page.
Nepal :
One of the major presentations was performed by Tabla Maestro Ustad Zakir Hussain with his accompanying artists on 27 November 2018 on the occasion of "70 Years of India-Nepal Diplomatic Ties" (hyperlink of photographs) in Kathmandu, Nepal.
Photographs of the performances can be seen on hyper link, which will open on a separate page.
Forthcoming Events :
ICCR proposes to sponsor many cultural groups in the coming months for participation in some important events like "Glimpses of India Festival" (Egypt), "SEA Festival" (Cambodia), "Tiranga Festival" (Senegal) on the occasion of Republic Day & Holi Utsav celebrations.
Outgoing Cultural Delegations & Festivals
Since the inception of the ICCR, the work of sending Indian cultural troupes abroad has been the mainstay of it's work. These cultural troupes are sent both within the ambit of India's Cultural Exchange Programmes with different countries and outside it. Artists have traveled abroad from every corner of India to show India's classical, folk. village and modern dances and music. Great masters have traveled as have young and promising artists. They have seen the world and have shown India to the world.
CULTURAL TROUPES FROM INDIA
A primary mandate of the Council is to create international understanding through culture. Towards meeting this objective, the Council showcases quality performances by Indian cultural troupes in countries across the world so that the people get to see and understand the diversity and the energy of India's performing arts.
Artists have traveled abroad from every corner of India to show India's classical, folk. village and modern dances and music. Great masters have traveled as have young and promising artists. They have seen the world and have shown India to the world.
During the past six decades, the ICCR has sent out thousands of cultural troupes across the globe, apart from organizing cultural weeks and Festivals dedicated to a specific country or region.
Update:-
These photographs are related to the "Cervantino International Festival" held in Mexico from 10 to 28th October, 2018. India has been participating regularly in this Festival since last many years by sponsoring renowned groups to this Festival. This year India had participated in this Festival as guest of honour country and sponsored 10 cultural groups from various fields.
These photographs are related to the "Celebrations of 50th year of establishment of Diplomatic relations India & Bhutan" held in Bhutan from January to December 2018.
These photographs are related to the "Janadriyah – the annual National Heritage and Cultural Festival" held in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia from 7 – 28 February 2018. 11 cultural groups from various fields have been participated during the above festival.
Website Content Managed by Indian Council for Cultural Relations Designed, Developed and Hosted by National Informatics Centre( NIC ) Last Updated: 17 Dec 2019


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Utricularia macrorhiza
Utricularia macrorhiza Leconte
Utricularia vulgaris L. p.p.
Utricularia vulgaris L. var. americana A. Gray
Utricularia vulgaris L. ssp. macrorhiza (Leconte) R.T. Clausen
Common Bladderwort, Bladderwort
Order Lamiales Aromatic herbs and shrubs, including lavender, lilac, olive, jasmine, ash, teak, snapdragon, sesame, psyllium, garden sage, mint, basil, and rosemary
Family Lentibulariaceae A family of carnivorous plants containing three genera: Genlisea, the corkscrew plants; Pinguicula, the butterworts; and Utricularia, the bladderworts
Genus Utricularia From the Latin utriculus, "a small bag or bladder," the common name of which is bladderwort
Species macrorhiza With large roots or root stocks
Bladderwort is a native of the Northern Hemisphere, including most of North America and parts of temperate eastern Asia. Except for occasional racemes of yellow flowers, bladderwort remains submersed in lakes, ponds, wet marshes, and rivers and streams up to about 6' (1.8 m) deep. An underwater rootlike structure contains numerous "bladders"—small pouches that help keep the plant near the surface during flowering, then sink it during dormancy periods. But the bladders have another purpose. Common bladderwort is actually carniverous, and the bladders are spring-loaded traps that suck in water and small organisms, and digest them with enzymes and bacteria. They snap shut in about ⅟460th of a second!
Plants: Plants are not anchored and float freely, close to the surface. Rootlike structures are leaves. Underwater stems sometimes produce turions—overwintering, vegetative buds—up to about 1" (2.5 cm) around. (In many of the photos, the water surface is covered with numerous green dots. These are duckweed, not bladderwort.)
Leaves: Leaves are alternate, ¾-2" (1.9-5 cm) long, on a zig-zagged stalk with one or two main divisions from the base, these in turn forked into threadlike sections. They look more like a cloud of algae than a system of leaves. Bladders start out greenish and transparent, becoming dark red or brown to black. They are more than ¹/₁₆" (2 mm) in size.
Flowers: A stalk up to about 10" (25 cm) in height contains a raceme of 6-20 yellow flowers, each resembling snapdragons and about ½-¾" (1.3-1.9 cm) in size. They appear from late May to September.
Fruits: Round capsules less than ¼" (6.3 mm) around.
Utricularia macrorhiza at Minnesota Wildflowers
Utricularia macrorhiza on Wildflowers, Ferns & Trees of Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona, and Utah
Utricularia macrorhiza at the U.S. Forest Service Celebrating Wildflowers site
Utricularia macrorhiza on the Carnivorous Plant FAQ, courtesy of the International Carnivorous Plant Society
Utricularia macrorhiza on wisflora.herbarium.wisc.edu
Utricularia macrorhiza on the Connecticut Botanical Society's Connecticut wildflowers site
Utricularia macrorhiza on SEINet—the Southwest Environmental Information Network
Utricularia macrorhiza from the Jepson Manual
8/22/2012 · Squannacook River Wildlife Area, Townsend, MA
The bladderwort is submersed. The blue flowers are pickerelweed. · 7/5/2012 · Groton Place and Sabine Woods, Groton, MA
7/9/2012 · Nashua River Rail Trail, Groton, MA
Utricularia macrorhiza description by Thomas H. Kent, last updated 18 Aug 2019.
≈ 2½ × 1¾" (6.4 × 4.7 cm)
≈ 3½ × 5" (9.1 × 12 cm)
≈ 3 × 2½' (94 × 78 cm)
≈ 4½ × 4½" (12 × 11 cm)


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Books, Pop Culture, Television
Author Donald Jansiewicz Guests On The Mike Wagner Show On iHeart Radio
Don Jansiewicz started near the bottom (his first home was a converted chicken coop on his grandfather's farm). From these more-than-humble beginnings he eventually became one of the first Honors College graduates from Western Michigan University. He earned an MA in Political Science from the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee before teaching Political Science at two different Maryland colleges. He was selected as Faculty Member of the Year, and later chosen for a National Master Teachers Conference, as well as a highly-selective summer Curriculum Development Workshop at the John F. Kennedy Presidential Library.
Jansiewicz has been writing about politics for decades. He co-authored the Coalitions in the Civil Rights Movement chapter for The Study of Coalition Behavior and Black Americans and the Political System. He then published The New Alexandria Simulation. After that, he wrote The Urban Oriented President as well The Human Side of Federalism for the Kennedy Library collection. He then published The Game of Politics. Most recently, he has published The Politics of Shared Ownership. In addition to his writing, he has also been on several service projects with Global Volunteers to teach English conversation in southern Europe and South America. His latest book is "Our Disunited States of America: The Struggle Between Conservatives and Liberals."
Mike Wagner is a 30+ year broadcasting veteran interviewing the most interesting guests from celebrities, actors, singers, writers to the most interesting people today! Mike is currently a weekend host on KFYR radio in Bismarck, North Dakota playing the greatest songs of all time every Saturday from 6-10a and Sundays from 2-6p Central time. Tune in to KFYR AM 550, KFYR.com, 99.7 FM, and iHeart Radio. You can also listen to the Mike Wagner Show on Soundcloud, Spreaker, Anchor FM and Spotify.
Listen to Donald Jansiewicz on The Mike Wagner Show here:
iHeart Radio: https://www.iheart.com/podcast/966-the-mike-wagner-show-30182319/episode/author-donald-jansiewicz-talks-about-his-68863208/
Spreaker: https://www.spreaker.com/user/themikewagnershow/author-donald-jansiewicz-5-20-2020
Anchor FM: https://anchor.fm/themikewagnershow/episodes/Author-Donald-Jansiewicz-talks-about-his-new-book-from-Beacon-Publishing-Our-Disunited-States-of-America-on-The-Mike-Wagner-Show-egspao
Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/episode/02BF4FRvFfnxX41JuOllkx
The official website for The Mike Wagner Show may be found at http://www.TheMikeWagnerShow.com
More information on Don Jansiewicz may be found at https://www.beaconpublishinggroup.com/donjansiewicz
Broadway Box Office Slips As Wintertime Ticket Prices Drop
Little Free Library to Launch an Indigenous Library Program
Michael Peña Wishes Jeremy Renner Well After Heroic Snowplow Accident
Tags: anchor fm, Don Jansiewicz, iheart radio, spotify, spreaker, the disunited states of america, the Mike Wagner show


We hope everyone is well, keep praying for each other. Easter will be here soon, plan to join with us 10AM.
WOW , Warm weather is here , and the fellowship is filtering back in.
I ask everyone to be in prayer for the ministry as we start a new summer. God is good and the excitement builds to what God is going to do this year.
Always share that anybody can be a part of the services in the park , you don't haft to be staying in the park to come join us. service time is 10:00 am each Sunday morning.
As we trust Christ in his leadership I am reminded of a couple verses .
Good morning fellowship , Im ready from some warm weather , my prayer is that everyone is doing ok , Be much in prayer for the upcoming Easter Service , make plans to come , service time 10:00 am , we would love for you to be a part of the service.
It has been one more January here , the cold Temp's and snow about every other day. We have had many prayer requests this month and let me say thank you for your prayers for them. But as well we have had praise reports to.
Brother Skip is home from surgery and doing very well , David Troutt is doing well and Gearld Hines. Brother Mike Biggs is mother not doing well , and Judy mills mother is not doing well.
There are more I'm sure that could me mentioned . we are planning a Easter service so we would love for any one to be a part of it .
Question , do you ever feel unwanted , or that you are not good enough , or you will never meet the standers that people expect you to be?
If you are a child of God don't change a thing . Do you recall how Jesus must have felt when he was faced with all the hatred and persecuted for doing the right thing and still showed and give unconditional love.
This is what we should do , is hard as it may be at times , we must not stoop down to someone else's level , but be a example of God's unwavering love.
My family and I want to wish everyone a Happy New Year . If I had any words of encouragement , it would be make a vow to have a stronger prayer life , and to read and understand the Bible , and let God be more real in your life then ever before. And that God would give us a great burden for lost souls , and a love for people that would be unspeakable.
MERRY CHRISTMAS TO ALL THE FELLOWSHIP AT PRIDE MINISTRY. AND TO EACH PERSON THAT HAS BEEN A PART OF ANY SERVICE.
MY FAMILY AND I WISH YOU THE BEST CHRISTMAS AND HAPPY NEW YEAR.
PRAY FOR US AND NEVER DOUBT WE ARE PRAYING FOR YOU.
I would like to take a moment to say I hope everyone is doing well. I have already heard from many folks , and thank you for your phone calls.My family and I want to wish each person a Merry Christmas .
Please pray for each other , and never doubt I am praying for each of you . Pray for those that are sick , from all I know those that have had surgery are doing well , take care and GodBless from my family and I.
Already that time of year again , wow , I want to take this moment to wish each person the best this Thanksgiving.
We have so much to be thankful for , all the family and friends , and the fellowship here at Pride Ministry.
We have had a great season , and how the Ministry has grown . GIVE GOD ALL THE GLORY.
O give thanks unto the Lord , for he is good , because his mercy endureth for ever.
God Bless , look to see you at the Christmas service on December 8th @ 10:00 am.
Much to say , but what a season we have had , the cool mornings come , telling us we have folks going back home for the winter .
But I will be in touch with the fellowship as we go through the winter months.
We are planning a Christmas service December 8th @ 10:00 am so write it on your planner and come on out .As always everyone is welcome .
God Bless to all , stay on that firing line , because God will put some one in your path to tell about Jesus .


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La Purísima (actualmente Tenencia Lázaro Cárdenas) es una localidad del municipio de Álvaro Obregón, en el estado de Michoacán, México.

Datos básicos
A pesar de ser un pueblo con gran cantidad de población migrante, cuenta con una economía muy estable. Tiene una población aproximada de 2.500 habitantes.

Contexto geográfico
Su localización geográfica ofrece un clima excelente para vacacionar en cualquier fecha del año. Cuenta con una gran diversidad de especies animales y una extensa variedad de flora.

Arqueología
Ofrece a sus visitantes un antiguo casco hacendario del s. XIX, y vestigios de poblaciones ancestrales, como lo son cerámicas, hornamentaciones y objetos de obsidiana que eran empleados cotidianamente por los antiguos pobladores.

Referencias

Localidades del estado de Michoacán


A consultant is an person who provides professional or expert advice in a particular field of science or business to either an organisation or individual. As there is no legal protection given to the job title 'consultant', in theory, anyone can on a day wake up and decide to adopt the consultant title. Despite the broad definition that can be subsumed under the term consultant, there are in essence three characteristics that distinguish a consultant from other professions.
Firstly, a consultant provides expertise that a client lacks or support that a client is unable to fulfill. In return for their professional services, the consultant charges a fee. Secondly, a consultant operates independently from the client, implying that, from the respective consultant, there is no conflict of interests between the client's issue and the services. Thirdly, a consultant operates in a professional manner, which ranges from having the right qualifications to ensuring high quality service delivery and a solid internal operation.


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BJD agitates against Nalco disinvestment in Odisha
Members of the Biju Janata Dal (BJD) staged an agitation against the disinvestment of Nalco in Odisha, and warned the Central Government about their plans to intensify their stir, if the decision was not withdrawn. The BJD has been trying to create public opinion against the government's decision to sell 12.5 percent stake of Nalco, bringing down its share to 75 percent. Protesters said that Nalco was the pride of their state and the central government's decision against the withdrawal of capital was not a wise one. "No, this is particularly against withdrawal of capital, which is particularly concerning about the central government decision t withdraw 12.5 percent capital from Nalco and since the beginning, this Biju Janata Dal has been trying to strengthen this Nalco," Baishnav Parida, a lawmaker of the BJD. "It is the pride of our state and it is a profitable organisation, it is the hand of the central government. So, its profits are utilised for the interest of the nation and we want that withdrawal should stop and private capital should not be allowed to enter into the Nalco," Parida added. Another BJD lawmaker Ashok Panda said that it was an irony that the government had called for disinvestment, as the company was giving rich dividends to both the central and state governments. "Protest is about the government of India 's decision to withdraw 12.5 percent of share from the profit public sector Nalco. Nalco is one of the companies, which has been giving good dividends to government of India over the years. It is an irony that Nalco with its huge bauxite deposit and with other activities has contributed to the government of India exchequer as well as the state government. But unfortunately, what is the rationale behind the decision for the disinvestment?" he said. Recently, the shares of National Aluminium Co Ltd surged as much as 5.5 percent, following media reports that the cabinet was considering selling some of the government stake in five companies. Several newspapers reported the other four companies in which the government was looking to sell stakes besides Nalco were Hindustan Copper, Oil India , Neyveli Lignite and MMTC, citing an unnamed government official privy to the developments.


Each year billions of dollars in profits from illegal wildlife trade is moved through the international banking system, but what's being done to prevent it?
In summer 2015 dozens of volunteers participated in a seabird census on the Isles of Scilly. Ed Marshall reports on the efforts of the Seabird Recovery Project to eradicate brown rats and encourage Manx shearwater to breed again. So what did this crucial survey reveal?
The January 2016 selection of stunning wildlife photographs, submitted for the 'Best Shots' section of Wild Planet Photo Magazine by our talented readers.


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Ian Arthur Bremmer (born November 12, 1969) is an American political scientist, author, and entrepreneur who focuses on global political risk. He is the founder and president of Eurasia Group, a political risk research and consulting firm. He is also a founder of GZERO Media, a digital media firm.

Early life and education
Bremmer is of Armenian (from his maternal grandmother), Italian, and German descent, the son of Maria J. (née Scrivano) and Arthur Bremmer. His father served in the Korean War and died at the age of 46 when Bremmer was four. He grew up in housing projects in Chelsea, Massachusetts, near Boston.  Bremmer went to St. Dominic Savio High School in East Boston. He later earned a BA in international relations, magna cum laude, from Tulane University in 1989 and a PhD in political science from Stanford University in 1994, writing "The politics of ethnicity: Russians in the Ukraine".

Career

Eurasia Group
Bremmer founded the political risk research and consulting firm Eurasia Group in 1998 in the offices of the World Policy Institute in New York City. The firm opened a London office in 2000; a Washington, DC office (2005); a Tokyo office (2015); San Francisco and São Paulo offices (2016}; and Brasilia and Singapore offices {2017}. Initially focused on emerging markets, Eurasia Group expanded to include frontier and developed economies and established practices focused on geo-technology and energy issues. Bremmer has co-authored Eurasia Group's annual Top Risks report, a forecast of 10 geopolitical risks for the year ahead.

Writing
Bremmer has published 11 books on global affairs. In addition, he is the foreign-affairs columnist and editor-at-large for Time and a contributor for the Financial Times A-List.

Appointments
Bremmer has held positions at New York University, Columbia University, the EastWest Institute, the World Policy Institute, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, and the Asia Society Policy Institute, where he has served as the Harold J. Newman Distinguished Fellow in Geopolitics.

In 2013, he was named Global Research Professor at New York University. and in 2019, Columbia University's School of International and Public Affairs announced that Bremmer would teach an Applied Geopolitics course at the school.

Key concepts
Bremmer's research fields include: international political economy, geoeconomics and geopolitics, states in transition and global emerging markets, and US foreign policy.

J-Curve

Bremmer's book, The J Curve, outlines the link between a country's openness and its stability. While many countries are stable because they are open (the United States, France, Japan), others are stable because they are closed (North Korea, Cuba, Iraq under Saddam Hussein). States can travel both forward (right) and backward (left) along this J curve, so stability and openness are never secure. The J is steeper on the left-hand side, as it is easier for a leader in a failed state to create stability by closing the country than to build a civil society and establish accountable institutions; the curve is higher on the far right because states that prevail in opening their societies (Eastern Europe, for example) ultimately become more stable than authoritarian regimes. The book was listed as a top 10 pick by The Economist in 2006.

State capitalism
Bremmer describes state capitalism as a system in which the state dominates markets primarily for political gain. In his 2010 book The End of the Free Market: Who Wins the War Between States and Corporations, Bremmer describes China as the primary driver for the rise of state capitalism as a challenge to the free market economies of the developed world, particularly in the aftermath of the financial crisis.

G-Zero
The term G-Zero world refers to a breakdown in global leadership brought about by a decline of Western influence and the inability of other nations to fill the void. It is a reference to a perceived shift away from the pre-eminence of the ["G7"] ("Group of Seven") industrialized countries and the expanded Group of Twenty, which includes major emerging powers like China, India, Brazil, Turkey, and others. In his book, Every Nation for Itself: Winners and Losers in a G-Zero World (New York: Portfolio, 2012), Bremmer explains that, in the G-Zero, no country or group of countries has the political and economic leverage to drive an international agenda or provide global public goods.

Weaponization of finance
The term weaponization of finance refers to the foreign policy strategy of using incentives (access to capital markets) and penalties (varied types of sanctions) as tools of coercive diplomacy. In his Eurasia Group Top Risks 2015 report.

Bremmer coins the term weaponization of finance to describe the ways in which the United States is using its influence to affect global outcomes. Rather than rely on traditional elements of America's security advantage – including US-led alliances such as NATO and multilateral institutions such as the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund – Bremmer argues that the US is now "weaponizing finance" by limiting access to the American marketplace and to US banks as an instrument of its foreign and security policy.

Pivot state
Bremmer uses pivot state to describe a nation that is able to build profitable relationships with multiple other major powers without becoming overly reliant on any one of them. This ability to hedge allows a pivot state to avoid capture—in terms of security or economy—at the hands of a single country. At the opposite end of the spectrum are shadow states, frozen within the influence of a single power. Canada is an example of a pivot state: with significant trade ties with both the United States and Asia, and formal security ties with NATO, it is hedged against conflict with any single major power. Mexico, on the other hand, is a shadow state due to its overwhelming reliance on the US economy.  In Every Nation for Itself, Bremmer says that in a volatile G-Zero world, the ability to pivot will take on increased importance.

Geopolitical recession
Bremmer coined the term "geopolitical recession" to describe the current geopolitical environment, one defined by an unwinding of the former US-led global order. Unlike economic recessions, linked to frequent boom and bust cycles, Bremmer sees geopolitical recessions as much longer cycles that are less likely to be recognized.  He sees the present geopolitical recession as defined by deteriorating relations between the US and its traditional allies—particularly the Europeans—as China is rising and creating an alternative international political and economic architecture. Bremmer argues that the overall result is a more fragmented approach to global governance, an increase in geopolitical tail risks, and a reduced ability to respond effectively to major international crises.

World Data Organization
Bremmer proposed creating a "World Data Organization" to forestall a division in technology ecosystems due to conflict between the United States and China. He described it as a digital version of the World Trade Organization, arguing that the United States, Europe, Japan, and other "governments that believe in online openness and transparency" should collaborate to set standards for artificial intelligence, data, privacy, citizens' rights, and intellectual property. 2020 Democratic party presidential nominee candidate Andrew Yang expressed his support for such an organization during his campaign.

Technopolarity
Bremmer originated the term "technopolarity" in his 2021 Foreign Affairs article "The Technopolar Moment."  Drawing on the swift response by tech companies in the aftermath of the 2021 United States Capitol insurrection, Bremmer says that tech giants like Amazon, Apple, Facebook, Google, and Alibaba have accumulated more power than any large corporations of the past. He says these nonstate actors are now shaping geopolitics and exercise a form of sovereignty over a rapidly expanding realm that is out of reach from national governments: the digital space.

Other organizations

Eurasia Group Foundation
In 2016, Bremmer founded the Eurasia Group Foundation (EGF), a 501(c)3 public charity. Bremmer currently serves as the Eurasia Group Foundation's board president.

GZERO Media
In 2017, Bremmer and Eurasia Group launched digital media company GZERO Media, and a US national public television show called GZERO World with Ian Bremmer on PBS. The company's name refers to the term coined by Bremmer in Every Nation for Itself to describe a world where no country or group of countries has the political and economic leverage to drive an international agenda or provide global public goods. As a part of the company's public outreach concept, they have a recurring segment, Puppet Regime, which makes use of street interviews and short narrative sketch formats using puppets.

Controversies
In March 2016, Bremmer sent a weekly note to clients where he unintentionally came up with the "America First" slogan used by Donald Trump. The note described then-candidate Trump's foreign policy not as isolationism but as a policy of "America First," a transactional, unilateralist perspective that was more a Chinese than American framework for foreign policy. Bremmer used the term to help explain Trump's foreign policy views and not as a campaign slogan. A few weeks later, New York Times reporters David Sanger and Maggie Haberman, both of whom receive Bremmer's weekly note, conducted Trump's first foreign policy interview and asked him if he would describe himself as an isolationist. He said no. They then asked Trump if he considered himself an adherent of America First. Trump said yes and liked the term so much he started using it himself. Haberman later credited Bremmer with coming up with "America First" to describe Trump's foreign policy.

In July 2017, Bremmer broke news of a second, previously undisclosed meeting between Presidents Trump and Putin during the G20 heads of state dinner in Hamburg. He wrote about the meeting in his weekly client note and later appeared on Charlie Rose to discuss the meeting's implications. Other major media outlets quickly picked up the news. Newsweek profiled Bremmer in an article titled "Who is Eurasia Group's Ian Bremmer, the risk consultant who exposed the second Trump-Putin meeting?" Trump initially denied that his second meeting with Putin had taken place and called Bremmer's report "fake news." However, then-White House Press Secretary Sarah Huckabee Sanders later held a press conference and admitted the second meeting had occurred.

In 2019, Donald Trump issued a Tweet that appeared to praise North Korean leader Kim Jong Un for criticizing rival Joe Biden: "I have confidence that Chairman Kim will keep his promise to me, & also smiled when he called Swampman Joe Biden a low IQ individual, & worse." In reaction, Bremmer Tweeted: "President Trump in Tokyo: 'Kim Jong Un is smarter and would make a better President than Sleepy Joe Biden.'" After he was criticized on Twitter for appearing to quote Trump falsely, Bremmer acknowledged that President Trump had not spoken as Bremmer had quoted him and suggested that the statement was facetious, calling it "objectively a completely ludicrous quote." President Trump used the incident to call for stronger libel laws.

In October 2022, Elon Musk tweeted, "Nobody should trust Bremmer" in reply to a tweet by Bremmer saying, "elon musk told me he had spoken with putin and the kremlin directly about ukraine. he also told me what the kremlin's red lines were."

Bibliography

Books
 Soviet Nationalities Problems. (edited with Norman Naimark), (Stanford: Stanford Center for Russian and East European Studies: 1990).
 Nations and Politics in the Soviet Successor States. (edited with Raymond Taras), (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993).
  New States, New Politics: Building the Post-Soviet Nations. (edited with Raymond Taras), (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997).
 The J Curve: A New Way to Understand Why Nations Rise and Fall. (Simon & Schuster, 2006; revised paperback, 2007).
 Managing Strategic Surprise: Lessons from Risk Management & Risk Assessment. (edited with Paul Bracken and David Gordon), (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008).
 The Fat Tail: The Power of Political Knowledge for Strategic Investing. (with Preston Keat), (New York: Oxford University Press, 2009; revised paperback, 2010).
 The End of the Free Market: Who Wins the War Between States and Corporations. (New York: Portfolio, 2010; revised paperback 2011).
 Every Nation for Itself: Winners and Losers in a G-Zero World. (New York: Portfolio, May 2012; revised paperback 2013).
 Superpower: Three Choices for America's Role in the World. (New York: Portfolio, May 2015).
 Us vs Them: The Failure of Globalism. (New York: Portfolio, April 2018).
 The Power of Crisis: How Three Threats--And Our Response--Will Change The World. (New York: Simon and Schuster, May 2022).

Articles

———————
Notes

References

External links

 Official website
 Profile at Eurasia Group
 A Second Look... by Ian Bremmer
 Ted Talk: What the War in Ukraine Means for the Global Order
 The End of the American International Order: What Comes Next? by Ian Bremmer

1969 births
Living people
American political scientists
Columbia University faculty
Stanford University alumni
International relations scholars
Tulane University alumni
Writers about globalization
People from Chelsea, Massachusetts
American people of Armenian descent
American people of German descent
American people of Italian descent
Carnegie Council for Ethics in International Affairs
Time (magazine) people


About FCM - Friends of Children of Mississippi, Inc.Friends of Children of Mississippi, Inc.
Friends of Children of Mississippi (FCM), Inc. is a highly efficient, team-based, 501C-3 tax-exempt, private non-profit human service organization.
Providing a comprehensive child development program which enhances social competence.
Assisting families to become self-sufficient and serving as advocates for children and families.
We increase families' capacity to support and nurture their children by developing a compassionate partnership between staff and families, which recognizes parents as the primary educators of their children.
In support of this partnership, FCM, Inc. provides opportunities for continuous staff development and growth and creates an environment that promotes job satisfaction and community service.
In October 1966, FCM was created to plan and coordinate support for over 60 volunteer centers. This was an effort to convince the Office of Economic Opportunity (OEO) to reverse its decision not to continue funding for the Child Development Group of Mississippi (CDGM).
After it was determined that CDGM would be funded once more, the CDGM Board of Directors was notified that the new program could only consist of 14 counties. This decision meant that counties which were and desired to be an integral part of CDGM were excluded from the new grant: Clarke, Humphreys, Greene, Wayne, Neshoba and Leflore counties.
The excluded counties sustained operation with no federal or state funding for 18 months, until becoming a delegate agency with Tougaloo College, serving as the grantee in late 1967. In 1968, FCM petitioned for and was granted an incorporation charter through the State of Mississippi, thus becoming FCM, Inc.
Since 1980, FCM, Inc. has operated as an independent grantee with a service area of 15 counties and 28 Head Start and Early Head Start Centers.
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The Meteoric Rise and Collapse of FTX
FTX stock crashing. Photo: Shutterstock
By Prabhat Patnaik — Nov 28, 2022
Cryptocurrency is only an external appendage to the capitalist system; hence its collapse won't jolt the system like the fall of Lehman Brothers.
The large cryptocurrency exchange FTX went out of business on November 11. Many have likened this phenomenon to the collapse of the investment banking firm, Lehman Brothers, during the financial crisis of 2008, believing the FTX collapse to be as important an event in the cryptocurrency world as the collapse of Lehman Brothers in the official financial system.
In fact, even before the collapse of FTX, cryptocurrency values had slumped greatly. The total value of all cryptocurrencies, which had been estimated at $2 trillion by the end of 2021, had slumped to half that figure by the end of September 2022. The FTX collapse will certainly deal a further blow to this entire system.
FTX was set up by Sam Bankman-Fried, a student at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 2019, as a cryptocurrency exchange that exchanged one cryptocurrency for another, or a cryptocurrency for fiat money, and vice versa.
In addition, it also issued its own cryptocurrency called FTT, exchanged spot fiat money or cryptocurrency for futures, and sold derivatives and options. Thus, it functioned in many ways as a bank, accepting dollars, euros, or cryptocurrency today against the promise to pay larger amounts tomorrow or the day after. It had such a phenomenal rate of growth that within a mere three years, it had grown to become the fifth-largest cryptocurrency exchange by trade volume and the second-largest by holdings.
This meteoric rise was facilitated by the extraordinarily high profile that FTX acquired through a number of measures it adopted: its political donation to the Democratic Party was the highest among all donors, if we leave aside George Soros. It sponsored sporting events and had a generally close association with several prominent athletes, like Shaquille O'Neal, the former basketball star, and Naomi Osaka, the current tennis star. And it prominently supported the Ukraine government through the launch of an "Aid for Ukraine" program that accepted cryptocurrency donations with the promise that they would be converted into fiat money deposits with the National Bank of Kiev.
FTX's collapse, however, has been as sudden and dramatic as its emergence. A substantial amount of its own digital currency, the FTT, was held by a firm called Alameda, which was also owned by Sam Bankman-Fried, the head of FTX. When Alameda's balance sheet became public, there was widespread concern that a drop in the price of FTT would result in a major collapse.A rival cryptocurrency platform, Binance, started selling off its FTT holdings because of this panic, and that started a real collapse exactly in the same manner as a bank run does.
In fact, the scenario exactly resembled a bank collapse, and the reason, too, was exactly the same, namely, the absence of adequate reserves or readily saleable assets with which a sudden run could be countered. In effect, Sam Bankman-Fried was running a Ponzi scheme, siphoning off funds in a clandestine manner.
Binance, for a while, thought of buying up FTX but finally decided against it. There was, of course, no question of appealing to the government to bail out FTX, despite its closeness to the Democratic Party and President Joe Biden, since the whole idea of a cryptocurrency is to shun government scrutiny. As a result, there was no alternative to a declaration of bankruptcy, which Sam Bankman-Fried did on November 11.
This is where FTX's parallel with Lehman Brothers ends, notwithstanding the importance of the collapse of each in its own respective sphere.
The collapse of Lehman Brothers was the outcome of the collapse of the "housing bubble" that had been built up because of euphoric expectations about its longevity on the one hand and the development of institutional arrangements that systematically camouflaged risks on the other. The fact that many investment banks held toxic assets was not just because of greed or carelessness on their part, but above all because under the institutional arrangements that had developed, it had become difficult to know what was a toxic asset or to distinguish between a toxic and a non-toxic asset.
To call the asset price bubble a flaw of the system, as many liberal economists were to do subsequently, is not just to be wise after the event but to miss the central point that this so-called flaw is exactly the mechanism through which neo-liberal capitalism had managed to generate a boom. In other words, the collapse of Lehman Brothers was part of the very modus operandi of neo-liberal capitalism.
Cryptocurrency, Central Banking and Capitalism
The development of cryptocurrency, however, is not part of the modus operandi of the system. It is an external appendage to the system itself, whose elimination would still leave the system intact. In short, the failure of FTX would not jolt capitalism in the same way that the failure of Lehman Brothers did.Cryptocurrency is like a commodity, or more appropriately, a security, that is generated and held outside of any government supervision. In fact, therein lies its attractiveness to those who hold it, for in the shadowy world where it functions, no questions are asked about its operation.
It is not surprising that the balance sheet of Alameda, the firm also owned by Sam Bankman-Fried, and even its ownership were unknown for a long time to the holders of FTX's cryptocurrency, the FTT. And it is also not surprising that the accounts of FTX had scarcely been properly audited, for otherwise the shenanigans of Sam Bankman-Fried would not have gone unnoticed.
Cryptocurrency belongs to a shadowy system that has developed alongside the capitalist system, from which the operators of the latter system derive great personal benefits, such as deploying funds that are not officially accounted for, but this shadowy system is not organic to the latter's functioning. The functioning of capitalism is punctuated by fraudulent practices, but it will be a serious mistake, as Marx was at pains to point out, to treat the system merely as a fraudulent system.
It is not surprising that there has been no attempt on the part of the US government to bail out FTX, as there had been to bail out the rest of the American financial system after the collapse of Lehman Brothers, for which the Obama administration had pledged $13 trillion at that time.
A system that deliberately shuns government supervision can scarcely ask for government assistance when faced with a crisis, and no government will be brazen enough to assist it when it is faced with a crisis just because its leading personnel get substantial donations from it.
If Lehman Brothers' collapse was linked to the modus operandi of capitalism, FTX's collapse arises because of the fraudulent practices that can, and typically do, characterize this entire world of cryptocurrencies, practices whose prevalence is precisely what constitutes the attraction of this world for those who inhabit it.
Again, it is not surprising that questions are being raised about how much of the "Aid for Ukraine" fund was actually sent to Ukraine and to whom, and how much of it was actually used for its proclaimed purposes. When this entire program has been characterized by zero accountability and transparency, and when information about it has to be pieced together from disjointed comments appearing from time to time on the web page, such questions are bound to be raised. And it speaks volumes about the Ukrainian government and its Western backers that they allowed such shady outfits as FTX to raise millions of dollars in the name of helping Ukraine.
The collapse of FTX raises important questions about the future of the cryptocurrency system itself. Though many would have incurred losses because of the collapse of FTX, it is unlikely that the system would spontaneously wither away. The real question is: what kind of government policy would result from this collapse?
China to Test Its Own Cryptocurrency by the End of December
The Chinese government has banned cryptocurrency for quite some time now. The Indian government had also announced in 2021 that it would bring a bill before Parliament to ban cryptocurrency, but it has not yet done so. Given this government's softness toward fraudsters, of which the forgiving attitude toward private filching of bank funds is an obvious example, it is doubtful if such a bill will ever be tabled, but that would be extremely unfortunate.
(News Click)
Tags: banking cryptocurrencies FTX George Soros
Arnold August: Dems Seek Political Gain by Pretending Opposition To Right-wing Fascism (Interview)
Canadian Authorities Offer Unrequested Euthanasia to Former Paralympian Requesting a Stairlift


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South Carolina State achieved statehood on May 23, 1788.
South Carolina State Nickname: Palmetto State.
South Carolina State Motto: Dum Spiro Spero (While I Breathe, I Hope).
The only commercial tea plantation in the contiguous 48 states is on Wadmalaw Island, near Charleston, South Carolina.
In 2000, the Confederate flag was removed from the dome on top of the State House and placed on the grounds near the Confederate Soldier Monument in response to an NAACP boycott of the state and protests over its legacy. More than 10 years later, the flag's location continues to be the subject of ongoing controversy.
The palmetto tree has been an important icon of South Carolina since the American Revolutionary War. When the British attacked a fort on Sullivan's Island, near Charleston, the cannonballs bounced off the spongy palmetto logs used to build the exterior wall.
On November 2, 1954, former governor Strom Thurmond became the first person to be elected to the U.S. Senate as a write-in candidate, winning 63 percent of the vote. Thurmond served the state of South Carolina as senator for 47 years, five months and eight days.


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New Zealand vs Pakistan 2nd test; tourists well beaten
Posted byayyazmalik January 6, 2021 Posted inblack lives matter,, Cricket, Cricket World Cup, Mental health, no to racism,, Sport, sports, The Sports Buff,, UncategorizedTags:Cricket, Kane Williamson, New Zealand, Pakistan, test championship, Test cricket
New Zealand, kept their World Test Championship campaign, with a resounding 2-0 test series win against former world number one side Pakistan. The kiwi's who were brilliant in the first test, were just as good in the second.
On reflection of the game, some might argue that tourists Pakistan were poor more than The Black Caps, being good. Kane Williamson (238), Henry Nicholls (157) and a maiden ton from all-rounder Daryl Mitchell (102), really put the tourists' attack to the sword, but to rub salt in the wounds, Pakistan dropped Williamson three times and Mitchell too.
Those errors proved costly. Opener Shaan Masood, capped off a very poor game, with a pair and three dropped catches in the New Zealand innings, which will naturally put pressure on the left-hander come the upcoming South Africa series which starts at the end of the month.
The easy thing to do, would be to carry out the post mortem , straight after the game and have a knee jerk reaction. But, these two defeats for Pakistan have been more damaging, especially with the poor performances with the bat.
Fawad Alam, did make an emotional century in the second innings of the first test, and Faheem Ashraf made 91 in the first innings, but there hasn't been too much to shout about. Azhar Ali in the first innings of this test made 93, but there's not been a sizeable contribution from any Pakistan batsmen.
This maybe a tad harsh, especially since Williamson, wouldn't have gone to make the scores he did, if the Pakistani's would have taken their chances. Credit, must be given to New Zealand who are lead brilliantly by Kane Williamson, who in this test became just the third person to reach 7,000 test runs for New Zealand.
For Pakistan, it's evident they have some soul searching to do in preparation for their upcoming series against South Africa. New Zealand on the other hand, they now look forward to a series of limited over and T20 games against arch-rivals Australia.
Asda pizza an unsung hero
City give United winter blues


A good state of mind — that is, your happiness — affects your genes, scientists say. In the first study of its kind, researchers from UCLA's Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology and the University of North Carolina examined how positive psychology impacts human gene expression.
"What this study tells us is that doing good and feeling good have very different effects on the human genome, even though they generate similar levels of positive emotion," he said. "Apparently, the human genome is much more sensitive to different ways of achieving happiness than are conscious minds."
Other authors on the study included Jesusa M.G. Arevalo and Jeffrey Ma, both of UCLA, and Karen M. Grewen, Kimberly A. Coffey, Sara B. Algoe and Ann M. Firestine of the University of North Carolina.


Amber & Ashton, high school sweethearts, live in the DFW area with their adorable toddler Jace. They're both from Tyler, TX so they are getting married in their home town at the Tyler Rose Gardens on August 20th!
Here they are looking cool as a cucumber….
I'm originally from the DFW area and most of my family lives there, so I immediately thought of the Dallas Arboretum but then I was warned about how much more humid it is in the gardens. 😫 Wilted clients are just not cute (or happy). After talking it over with some other photographers Amber and I decided on the Fort Worth water gardens, thinking that it "might" be cooler if we happen to have a breeze. WHEW we lucked out and although it was hot as….well you know those sayings…. we did manage to occasionally catch a breeze.
Safety is a big concern at the water gardens especially with a toddler in tow for the shoot. There are some deep (but beautiful) fountains with motors that have a lot of suction. There is no swimming signs posted everywhere. Jace however was the most well behaved toddler that I have every seen in a public place. I was sorely tempted to see if Amber & Ashton wanted to trade a toddler for a teenager!
I loved how Jace's outfit coordinated with mom and dad. Bringing in elements of both of their wardrobes brought the whole look together without looking too "matchy".
Their wedding is THIS Sunday (and the temps are supposed to be in the 90s 😬) So stay tuned for what is sure to be some beautiful wedding portraits at the Rose Gardens!
My Philosophy : Pictures are our way of capturing a sliver of time, a moment, so that we can tell it back to ourselves later. It's my job to capture that moment for you in all its intensity and beauty so that you can hold onto it through times both bad and good. My passion is storytelling, I just use a camera instead of a words.
Criss can be found floating around on her Website, Facebook, Instagram, or Twitter accounts when she's not running around the house in her cape or digging in the dirt in East Texas.


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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Llywelyn ap Madog  was  Dean of St Asaph until 1357 ; and then Bishop of St Asaph from then until  his death in 1375.

References

14th-century Welsh people
Deans of St Asaph
1375 deaths
Bishops of St Asaph


An example of abstract art or my puke, depending on the viewer.
Abstract art is an artistic movement started by bitter mathematicians that grew jealous of artists because the latter have been more popular with women throughout history. The works themselves are made of shape and colour based codes that can be decrypted using mathematics, usually translating to awkward jokes about impressionism and who Michelangelo slept with.
4 Should you own abstract art?
The Meaning of Five Minus Two (Study No. 3), Polack Pollock, 1960.
At first glance abstract art might lack any kind of logical pattern or recognisable form, but after a closer inspection conducted by someone with knowledge of the mathematics it is even more confusing. The code that is used in the making process is made of twenty-four different stages and several yet unknown trade secrets that have been passed on for generations. All forms of abstract works have to be placed under precise lighting. This can take days or weeks as the instructions are written in a trigonometric variation of regular binary and have to be read backwards. Afterwards you will find you have to go to your local Starbucks to get yet another code, that only clerks there can read, deciphered.
Although it cannot be clearly determined when exactly the movement begun, the earliest known practitioner has been said to be Muhammad, a former religious artifacts merchant and a self-pronounced prophet of Juda-Islam, also one of the best friends of Allah. Muhammad himself was not a very good mathematician or painter which made him a ridiculed outcast in both the artistic and scientific communities. He quickly abandoned his former passion and moved to Jabal Old-nun to pursue his new career as a quicksand gardener.
Trophy Room of the Castrating Female, Glacie Meltwater, 1968.
For the first millennium the abstract movement remained mostly in the east following the Pope's declaration of abstract to be the works of the Devil, who upon being interviewed on the subject claimed to have dyscalculia and no fingers to hold a paintbrush. After the fall of the Roman Empire, following the destruction of Death Star, the abstract movement fallout started to catch wind in the western mathematics, no longer blocked by the roman wind god. One of the most well-known pioneers of the 13th century, Fibonacci, himself stated he had been inspired by the well-known Greek mathematician Aristillus, specifically his painting Borg-cannon which has also been adapted into a film named El Topo.
Several changes have been made to the process of creating abstract art for the last two centuries, like the invention of fractals that caused many old paintings to collapse due to mathematical impossibilities often causing damage to the surroundings and making the air smell purple and rectangular for weeks. Similar and unfortunate accidents briefly outlawed abstract art. The issue was resolved after the royal math division of England developed an art-resistant metal casing for the remaining old paintings.
Since abstract art has been successful in the recent decades it is unknown wether it will continue to be a mathematicians-only movement or evolve into a shared art form, possibly shifting the jokes to be about athletes and Vaseline. One of the current rockstars in abstract, Stephen Hawking, recently published a book accompanied by a series of interviews about the future of the movement, stating that deep space will be the only option after the infamous Red Cross scam failed. This viewpoint is slowly gaining acceptance, but has not yet found the full support of the artistic community. There have been rumours about Muhammad making a comeback, but ever since his run-in with the Persian Gardening Committee in 1856 he has been missing and presumed dead, making the rumours difficult to confirm.
The Persistance of Einstein, Dolly Salvador, 1958.
The Abstract Movement has been widely criticised for having double standards, since mocking artists through the medium of art itself contains irony which makes no sense, much like algebra. This comment made most mathematicians angry, leading them to claim that algebra is actually quite simple and easy to explain - unlike modern performance arts. Some critics also claim abstract art is about tax evasion, but rarely go into more detail for legal reasons.
Should you own abstract art?
Here Come the Kilroys, Lick X Steen, 1963.
Displaying abstract art in the home is subject to certain difficulties, not the least of which is determining the orientation of the painting. There are four basic possibilities, and it is suggested you consult a catalogue. The more avant-garde works might require a non-perpendicular orientation if you are to keep with the artist's intent. Also, some paintings were made to be hung face-to-the-wall as an expression of the painter's contempt for conventional forms of display. Some paintings are "living art" and are meant to be covered in feces and rotting fruit and left in the sun. Some are intended to be burned in public (performance art), but be careful that the artist did not intend it to be destroyed in complete secrecy.
New laws will likely be passed to ban all other art that art teachers find to be inferior. If this law is passed, then great works of art(which would be pieces of crap then) would, by law have to be destoyed and launched into space.
If you purchased an abstract painting as an investment, it may be best to disregard the artist's intentions entirely. The best thing is to mount it on black velvet in a cheap frame and tell people you bought it in Tijuana.