text:
Classified in: Mining industry
Subjects: NEW PRODUCTS/SERVICES, MISCELLANEOUS
Centerra Gold Announces Highlights of New Life of Mine Plan for the Mount Milligan Mine, Including an Extension of Mine Life to 2033
This news release contains forward-looking information regarding Centerra's business and operations, see the Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-looking Information on pages 8 to 9. All figures are in United States dollars unless otherwise stated. All references in this document denoted with NG, indicate a "specified financial measure" within the meaning of National Instrument 52-112 Non-GAAP and Other Financial Measures Disclosure of the Canadian Securities Administrators. None of these specified measures is a standardized financial measure under International Financial Reporting Standards ("IFRS") and these measures might not be comparable to similar financial measures disclosed by other issuers. See "Non-GAAP and Other Financial Measures" on pages 37 to 38 in Centerra's Management's Discussion & Analysis for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 for a discussion of the specified financial measures used in this document.
TORONTO, Oct. 04, 2022 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Centerra Gold Inc. ("Centerra" or the "Company") (TSX: CG) (NYSE: CGAU) announces highlights from an updated life of mine ("LOM") for the Mount Milligan Mine.
Mount Milligan Mine LOM Highlights:
Increase in proven and probable gold mineral reserves from the 2021 year-end mineral reserve and resources summary by 1.1 million contained ounces (1.8 million to 2.9 million) and copper mineral reserves by 260 million contained pounds (736 million to 996 million). The Mount Milligan Mine deposit contains mineral reserves totaling 246.2 million tonnes at 0.37 g/t gold and 0.18% copper.
Mine life extended by over four years, extending open pit mining and milling operations to 2033.
Increase from the 2020 Mount Milligan Technical Report LOM in total payable gold ounces produced by more than 0.8 million ounces (1.1 million to 1.9 million) and payable copper pounds produced by 191 million pounds (560 million pounds to 751 million pounds) from 2022 onwards.
LOM payable gold production of 1.9 million ounces at a production cost of $502/ounce, an all-in sustaining cost on a by-product basisNG of $756/ounce and all-in cost on a by-product basisNG of $770/ounce.
Recent inflationary cost pressure will be taken into consideration when the Company updates and discloses the Mount Milligan Mine's 2023-2025 production and cost guidance in early 2023. The Company's 2022 guidance remains on track for year-end.
Net cash flow over the LOM is estimated at $640 million using a gold price of $1,500/ounce and copper price of $3.25/pound and over $1.0 billion at prices of $1,700/ounce of gold and $3.50/pound of copper.
Mount Milligan's after-tax net present value ("NPV") is estimated at $486 million at a 5% discount rate using a gold price of $1,500/ounce and copper price of $3.25/pound and an estimated $797 million at gold and copper prices of $1,700/ounce and $3.50/pound, respectively.
Significant exploration potential exists for new areas of mineralization.
Mount Milligan Mine Mineral Reserves and Resources
As at December 31, 2021, the Mount Milligan Mine copper-gold porphyry deposit contains combined proven and probable mineral reserves totaling 246.2 million tonnes ("Mt") at 0.37g/t gold and 0.18% copper, containing 2.9 million ounces of gold and 1.0 billion pounds of copper. The reserves have been classified as approximately 30% proven and 70% probable on a tonnage basis. The mineral reserve within the 2021 reserve pit shell was based on a net smelter return ("NSR") cut-off value of $7.40/t (C$9.62/t) and used $1,350 per ounce gold and $3.25 per pound copper as the price assumptions.
Table 1-1: Mineral Reserve Statement ? Effective Date December 31, 2021
Mineral Reserve Category Tonnes (kt) Gold
Grade (g/t) Copper
Grade (%) Contained
Gold (koz) Contained
Copper (Mlbs)
Proven 76,477 0.37 0.20 914 337
Probable 169,681 0.37 0.18 2,011 659
Total 246,158 0.37 0.18 2,925 996
1) CIM definitions were followed for the classification of Mineral Reserves.
2) Mineral Reserves are estimated at $7.40/t (C$9.62/t) NSR cut-off value using metal prices of $3.25 per pound copper and $1,350 per ounce gold, and an exchange rate of US$1.00/C$1.30.
3) Figures may not total exactly due to rounding.
4) As of June 30, 2022, Gold Contained and Copper Contained have been depleted from the above figures by approximately 82koz and 38Mlbs from the above December 31, 2021 reserve balances, respectively.
5) Production at Mount Milligan is subject to a streaming agreement with RGLD Gold AG and Royal Gold, Inc. (collectively, "Royal Gold") which entitles Royal Gold to 35% of gold produced and 18.75% of the copper production from the Mount Milligan Mine. Under the stream arrangement, Royal Gold will pay $435 per ounce of gold delivered and 15% of the spot price per metric tonne of copper delivered. Mineral reserves and resources for the Mount Milligan property are presented on a 100% basis.
At December 31, 2021, the Mount Milligan deposit also contains a combined measured and indicated mineral resource (exclusive of mineral reserves) of 189.3 Mt at 0.30g/t gold and 0.18% copper (1.8 million ounces of gold and 742 million pounds of copper) and an inferred mineral resource of 5 Mt at 0.47g/t gold and 0.07% copper. The mineral resource within the 2021 resource pit shell was based on a cut-off grade of 0.2% copper-equivalent ("CuEq") and used $1,550 per ounce gold and $3.50 per pound copper as the price assumptions.
Table 1-2: Mineral Resource Statement ? Effective Date December 31, 2021 (exclusive of Mineral Reserves)
Mineral Resource
Category Cut-off
CuEq (%) Tonnes
(kt) Gold Grade
(g/t) Copper
Measured (M) 0.2 36,529 0.26 0.21 305 169
Indicated (I) 0.2 152,796 0.31 0.17 1,523 573
Total M+I 0.2 189,325 0.30 0.18 1,828 742
Inferred 0.2 4,638 0.47 0.07 70 7
1) CIM definitions were followed for the classification of Mineral Resources.
2) Mineral Resources are reported at a 0.2% CuEq cut-off value using assumed metal prices of $3.50 per pound copper and $1,550 per ounce gold, and an exchange rate of US$1.00/C$1.30.
3) All figures have been rounded to reflect the relative accuracy of the estimates.
4) Mineral Resources that are not Mineral Reserves do not have a demonstrated economic viability. Mineral Resources reported exclusive of Mineral Reserves.
5) Inferred mineral resources have a great amount of uncertainty as to their existence and as to whether they can be mined economically. It cannot be assumed that all or part of the inferred mineral resources will ever be upgraded to a higher category.
6) Production at Mount Milligan is subject to a streaming agreement with Royal Gold which entitles Royal Gold to 35% of gold produced and 18.75% of the copper production from the Mount Milligan Mine. Under the stream arrangement, Royal Gold will pay $435 per ounce of gold delivered and 15% of the spot price per metric tonne of copper delivered. Mineral reserves and resources for the Mount Milligan property are presented on a 100% basis.
Table 1-3: Summary of 2022 Mount Milligan Mine Reserves
As at December 31, 2021
Life of Mine1 Sensitivity
Proven & Probable Reserves1 (Mt) 246.2 Mt at 0.37 g/t gold, 0.18% copper
Contained gold ounces1 (koz) 2,925
Contained copper pounds1 (Mlbs) 996
Mine life (years) 11
Annual mill throughput (Mt) 21.9
Average milling rate (tpd) 60,000
Gold recovery (%) 68.0
Copper recovery (%) 80.2
Average annual gold production (oz) 175,000
Average annual copper production (Mlbs) 68
Total ounces payable produced (koz) 1,927
Total pounds payable produced (Mlbs) 751
Gold price ($/oz) $1,500 $1,700
Copper price ($/lb) $3.25 $3.50
Production cost ($/oz) $502 $424
All-in sustaining costNG ($/oz) $756 $678
Sustaining capitalNG,2 ($M) $494 $494
Net Cash Flow3 ($M) $640 $1,035
NPV (5% discount) ($M) $486 $797
1) Mineral reserves calculated using a gold price of $1,350 per ounce and copper price of $3.25 per pound.
2) Sustaining capital excludes working capital investments.
3) Net Cash Flow is defined as cash provided by operating activities less cash used in investing activities and lease payments. Net Cash Flow includes cash flow estimates for the year of 2022 of $75 million (life of mine) and $117 million (sensitivity), calculated using the above commodity price assumptions for the full year. The 2022 cash flow estimates will differ from the actual results for the year due to differences in actual prices, costs, foreign exchange rates, and production metrics and estimates.
The open pit was optimized using long-term metal price estimates of $1,350 per ounce gold and $3.25 per pound copper, an exchange rate of US$1.00/C$1.30, and costs related to mining, processing and general and administrative expenses (including site services) and sustaining capital costs. Other factors considered to determine economic viability include metallurgical recoveries, concentrate grades, transportation costs, smelter treatment charges, royalties and streams.
The NSR cut-off was calculated to be $7.40/t (C$9.62/t) which was comprised of the costs for processing and general and administrative operating costs ("opex") and sustaining capital expendituresNG, taking into account the mine's expected cost structure. Mining opex and mining sustaining capital expendituresNG are excluded from the NSR cut off calculation. One-time processing or general and administrative sustaining capital expendituresNG items were also excluded from the NSR cut-off calculation.
The Company will continue to optimize the LOM plan. The updated LOM has both expanded the reserves pit shell and increased the gold and copper metal contained within the previous reserves pit shell, with a significant increase in the gold reserves through expanded areas of the pit limits to include gold zones with low copper grades. For the LOM optimization, the material movement and phasing strategies were optimized to smooth out the annual grades, strip ratio and equipment productivities. In addition, due to the geometry of the orebody, build-up of ore stockpile in periods is necessary in advance of lower grade periods as well as ore blending for maximum copper recovery and concentrate quality.
Operating and Capital Costs Summary
Total operating and capital costs over the Mount Milligan Mine's LOM, net of copper credits, are estimated at $3,502 million.
Table 2-1: Costs Summary - December 31, 2021 LOM
Costs Summary (Total LOM) $M
Mining (includes costs associated with the tailings storage facility ("TSF"))
Milling 1,212
Admin and Plant Services 492
Selling and Marketing 94
Treatment and Refining 180
Capital 366
Total 3,502
Capital Costs
The LOM capital costs for the Mount Milligan Mine are summarized in the following table:
Table 2-2: Capital Costs Summary - December 31, 2021 LOM
Capital Category $M
Mining Capital
Mine Equipment Replacement 81
Equipment Component Replacement 151
Sub Total Mining 232
Processing Capital
Process Plant Maintenance 25
Process Plant Operating 8
Water Management 44
Sub Total Processing 77
Long-Term Agreements requiring capitalization (IFRS 16)1 57
Total Capital Expenditures (excluding TSF capitalized costs) 366
TSF Capitalization 128
Total Capital Expenditures 494
1) Consists of the Mount Milligan Mine site major leases that are required to be classified as capital leases in accordance with IFRS 16.
The capital cost estimate assumes investment in and replacement of a portion of the heavy-duty mobile fleet, including investment comprising replacement/addition of eleven haul trucks, eight dozers, two graders, and one loader. The capital costs listed in Table 2-2, consists exclusively of sustaining capital expendituresNG. The cost of mine equipment and component replacement accounts for more than 60% of these LOM sustaining capital requirements (excluding the TSF capitalized costs).
Waste mined at the Mount Milligan Mine is used for routine TSF raises, the cost of which is capitalized as TSF stepout rather than classified as capitalized stripping.
The current mine plan does not contemplate any non-sustaining capital expendituresNG; however, the Company is currently assessing a number of growth projects and may allocate capital to such projects if the economic benefits warrant.
Operating costs were based on first principle models, which includes current and historical data, for mining, processing and administration for an eleven-year mine life. This includes detailed estimates of personnel for all required roles/functions. Total LOM operating costs are summarized below:
Table 2-3: Operating Costs Summary - December 31, 2021 LOM
LOM Cost ($'000) $/tonne1
Mining 990,177 $2.13
Milling 1,212,159 $4.99
Administration 491,775 $2.03
1) Unit mining costs per tonne are calculated based on tonnes mined and unit milling and administrative costs have been calculated per tonne processed.
The following tables depict economic sensitivities to gold price, copper price, change in cost estimates and currency fluctuations to the USD, respectively:
Table 3-1: Sensitivity of NPV to Gold Price Changes
NPV $ millions Sensitivity to Gold Price at 0%, 5%, and 8% Discount Rates
Discount Rate / Gold Price ($/oz) ($/ounce) 0% 5% 8%
-20% 277 200 168
$1,500 640 486 421
10% 822 630 547
20% 1004 773 674
Table 3-2: Sensitivity of NPV to Copper Price Changes
NPV $ millions Sensitivity to Copper Price at 0%, 5% and 8% Discount Rates
Discount Rate / Copper Price ($/lb) 0% 5% 8%
$3.25 640 486 421
Table 3-3: Sensitivity of NPV to the Impact of Change in Total Operating and Capital Cost Estimates
NPV $ millions Sensitivities to costs at $1,500/oz gold and 5% Discount Rate
Variable Operating Costs Capital Costs
-20% $926 $567
Base Case $486 $486
10% $267 $446
20% $47 $406
Table 3-4: Sensitivity of NPV to the Impact of Change in Exchange Rate
NPV $ millions Sensitivity to FX at 0%, 5% and 8% Discount Rates
Discount Rate / FX (USD/CAD) 0% 5% 8%
-20% ($60) ($66) ($66)
-10% $329 $241 $205
1.30 $640 $486 $421
10% $895 $687 $598
20% $1,107 $854 $745
The Company utilizes rolling three-year foreign exchange and diesel hedging programs in order to manage its exposure to adverse fluctuations in the Canadian dollar and diesel fuel prices. Impact from these programs are not factored into the above sensitivities.
Mount Milligan Exploration Potential
Significant exploration potential exists at the Mount Milligan Mine peripheral to the current open pit and within the wider tenement holdings. Ongoing resource expansion drilling on the west wall of the pit (DWBX and Goldmark zones) and below the current ultimate open pit boundary (MBX and WBX Deep zones) continues to be successful with the assays returned to date being of similar or higher grade to the current block model. Exploration drilling for both shallow (Great Eastern fault) and deep (Great Eastern stock) copper-gold mineralization immediately to the east of the current ultimate open pit boundary has returned a number of significant intersections. The shallow copper-gold intersections at Great Eastern fault support the potential for future resource growth. Exploration drilling is currently underway to further define the potential for economic resources in these areas with mineralization remaining open at depth below and adjacent to the current ultimate open-pit boundary. Exploration for both shallow structurally controlled, high gold-low copper style mineralization and for shallow gold and copper porphyry mineralization, is continuing to the north of the open pit (Oliver zone), west of the open pit (North Slope, Goldmark, Southern Star West zones) and to the south of the open pit (South Boundary, Rainbow Extension zones).
Outside of the immediate Mount Milligan deposit, greenfield exploration to identify new porphyry copper-gold deposits and low sulphidation epithermal gold-silver deposits within the Mount Milligan tenement package continues.
NI 43-101 Technical Report
This LOM will be included in a new technical report to be filed within 45 days following this news release (the "2022 Mount Milligan Technical Report"). The 2022 Mount Milligan Technical Report will include revisions to the resource model, metallurgical recoveries, capital and operating cost estimates, NSR cut-off value, and the LOM open pit design. The technical report will be prepared in accordance with National Instrument 43-101 Standards of Disclosure for Mineral Projects ("NI 43-101") and will be filed on SEDAR and EDGAR during the fourth quarter of 2022 with an effective date of December 31, 2021.
Qualified Persons & QA/QC
The technical information contained in this news release relating to mineral reserve estimates of the Mount Milligan Mine is based on, and fairly represents, information compiled by Gordon Zurowski, P.Eng who is a member of the Professional Engineers Ontario. Mr. Zurowski is independent within the meaning of Canadian Securities Administrator's NI-43-101, as a full-time employee of AGP Mining Consultants, Inc. and not Centerra. Mr. Zurowski has sufficient experience which is relevant to the style of mineralization and type of deposit under consideration and to the activity which he is undertaking to qualify as a "Qualified Person" under NI 43-101 Standards of Disclosure for Mineral Projects. Mr. Zurowski has consented to the inclusion in this news release of the mineral reserve estimates based on his compiled information in the form and context in which it appears in this news release.
The technical information contained in this news release relating to the Mount Milligan Mine's mineral resource estimates is based on, and fairly represents, information compiled by Brian Thomas, P.Eng who is a member of the Professional Geoscientists of Ontario. Mr. Thomas is independent within the meaning of NI 43-101, as a full-time employee of WSP Global Inc. and not Centerra. Mr. Thomas has sufficient experience which is relevant to the style of mineralization and type of deposit under consideration and to the activity which he is undertaking to qualify as a "Qualified Person" under NI 43-101 Standards of Disclosure for Mineral Projects. Mr. Thomas has consented to the inclusion in this news release of the mineral resource estimates based on his compiled information in the form and context in which it appears in this news release.
All mineral reserve and resources have been estimated in accordance with the standards of the Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum and NI 43-101.
Exploration information and related scientific and technical information in this document regarding the Mount Milligan Mine were prepared in accordance with the standards of NI 43-101 and were prepared, reviewed, verified, and compiled by Cheyenne Sica, Member of the Association of Professional Geoscientists Ontario, Exploration Manager at Centerra's Mount Milligan Mine, who is the qualified person for the purpose of NI 43-101. Sample preparation, analytical techniques, laboratories used, and quality assurance and quality control protocols used during the exploration drilling programs are done consistent with industry standards while independent certified assay labs are used. The Mount Milligan Mine's deposit is described in the 2021 AIF prepared in accordance with NI 43-101, which is available on SEDAR at www.sedar.com and EDGAR at www.sec.gov/edgar.
Caution Regarding Forward-Looking Information
Information contained in this news release which are not statements of historical facts, and the documents incorporated by reference herein, may be "forward-looking information" for the purposes of Canadian securities laws and within the meaning of the United States Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Such forward-looking information involves risks, uncertainties and other factors that could cause actual results, performance, prospects and opportunities to differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forward looking information. The words "believe", "assume", "expect", "contemplate", "plan", "potential", "continue", "estimate", "may", "will" and similar expressions identify forward-looking information. These forward-looking statements relate to, among other things, mineral reserve and mineral resource estimates; LOM estimates for the Mount Milligan Mine, including expected gold and copper production and the extension of the mine life, life of mine operating and capital costs,; LOM optimization; TSF raises; resource expansion or growth; assessment of growth projects and any allocation of capital to such projects; future exploration potential; timing and scope of future exploration (brownfields or greenfields); anticipated costs and expenditures and other information that is based on forecasts of future operational or financial results, estimates of amounts not yet determinable and assumptions of management; and management's expectations regarding completing the 2022 Mount Milligan Technical Report. Forward-looking information is necessarily based upon a number of estimates and assumptions that, while considered reasonable by Centerra, are inherently subject to significant political, business, economic and competitive uncertainties and contingencies. Known and unknown factors could cause actual results to differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking information. For a full list of the risk factors that can affect the Company, see its management's discussion and analysis for the year ended December 31, 2021 and its most recently filed annual information form available on SEDAR at www.sedar.com and EDGAR at www.sec.gov/edgar.
Market price fluctuations in gold, copper and other metals, as well as increased capital or production costs or reduced recovery rates may render ore reserves containing lower grades of mineralization uneconomic and may ultimately result in a restatement of mineral reserves. The extent to which mineral resources may ultimately be reclassified as proven or probable mineral reserves is dependent upon the demonstration of their profitable recovery. Economic and technological factors which may change over time always influence the evaluation of mineral reserves or mineral resources. Centerra has not adjusted mineral resource figures in consideration of these risks and, therefore, Centerra can give no assurances that any mineral resource estimate will ultimately be reclassified as proven and probable mineral reserves.
Mineral resources are not mineral reserves, and do not have demonstrated economic viability, but do have reasonable prospects for economic extraction. Measured and indicated mineral resources are sufficiently well defined to allow geological and grade continuity to be reasonably assumed and permit the application of technical and economic parameters in assessing the economic viability of the resource. Inferred mineral resources are estimated on limited information not sufficient to verify geological and grade continuity or to allow technical and economic parameters to be applied. Inferred mineral resources are too speculative geologically to have economic considerations applied to them to enable them to be categorized as mineral reserves. There is no certainty that mineral resources of any category can be upgraded to mineral reserves through continued exploration.
Centerra's mineral reserve and mineral resource figures are estimates and Centerra can provide no assurances that the indicated levels of gold or copper will be produced or that Centerra will receive the metal prices assumed in determining its mineral reserves. Such estimates are expressions of judgment based on knowledge, mining experience, analysis of drilling results and industry practices. Valid estimates made at a given time may significantly change when new information becomes available. While Centerra believes that these mineral reserve and mineral resource estimates are well established and the best estimates of Centerra's management, by their nature mineral reserve and mineral resource estimates are imprecise and depend, to a certain extent, upon analysis of drilling results and statistical inferences which may ultimately prove unreliable. If Centerra's mineral reserve or mineral reserve estimates for its properties are inaccurate or are reduced in the future, this could have an adverse impact on Centerra's future cash flows, earnings, results or operations and financial condition.
Centerra estimates the future mine life of its operations. Centerra can give no assurance that mine life estimates will be achieved. Failure to achieve these estimates could have an adverse impact on Centerra's future cash flows, earnings, results of operations and financial condition.
There can be no assurances that forward-looking information and statements will prove to be accurate, as many factors and future events, both known and unknown could cause actual results, performance or achievements to vary or differ materially, from the results, performance or achievements that are or may be expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements contained herein or incorporated by reference. Accordingly, all such factors should be considered carefully when making decisions with respect to Centerra, and prospective investors should not place undue reliance on forward looking information. Forward-looking information is as of October 4, 2022. Centerra assumes no obligation to update or revise forward looking information to reflect changes in assumptions, changes in circumstances or any other events affecting such forward-looking information, except as required by applicable law.
About Centerra Gold
Centerra Gold Inc. is a Canadian-based gold mining company focused on operating, developing, exploring and acquiring gold and copper properties in North America, Türkiye, and other markets worldwide. Centerra operates two mines: the Mount Milligan Mine in British Columbia, Canada, and the Öksüt Mine in Türkiye. Centerra also owns the Goldfield District Project in Nevada, United States, the Kemess Underground Project in British Columbia, Canada, and owns and operates the Molybdenum Business Unit in the United States and Canada. Centerra's shares trade on the Toronto Stock Exchange ("TSX") under the symbol CG and on the New York Stock Exchange ("NYSE") under the symbol CGAU. Centerra is based in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Toby Caron
Treasurer and Director, Investor Relations
toby.caron@centerragold.com
Shae Frosst
Manager, Investor Relations
shae.frosst@centerragold.com
Additional information on Centerra is available on the Company's website at www.centerragold.com, on SEDAR at www.sedar.com and on EDGAR at www.sec.gov/edgar.
A PDF accompanying this announcement is available at: http://ml.globenewswire.com/Resource/Download/70d90b52-6135-4081-bd95-0f96d3886866
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This Saturday in the Liberty Village Park between 11 and 2: Community BBQ put on by Liberty Grace Church. Come, grab a burger, and meet some new friends.
Join us for Christmas Caroling in Liberty Village Park at 7 PM. All welcome.
Free community BBQ to celebrate the rumoured arrival of Spring this Saturday from noon to 2, at Liberty Village Park underneath the gear statue. Burgers (meat and veggie). Sponsored by Liberty Grace Church.
Free community BBQ from noon to 2, at Liberty Village Park underneath the gear statue. Burgers (meat and veggie). Sponsored by Liberty Grace Church.
Join us for Christmas carols in the park at 7 PM underneath the gear sculpture in Liberty Village Park.


Fruitless Pursuits: First Look at Pop Vinyl Game of Thrones Series 2!
See! There's little Jon Snow ready to be balanced atop your highest wall! He's probably the most recognisable of this series and as such my favourite of the bunch. But who else appears in this wave? Can you guess the other five? I tried and failed miserably. Now I want to make you miserable as well.
Let's find out... after the jump!
Rich, sister-loving, sword-prick Jaime Lannister! Looking remarkably shiny here too - I guess I'm used to seeing him all roughed up. Jaime is a very fitting choice, but let's be honest - if it wasn't for that trademark armour you would probably have a hell of a time trying to figure out who he is.
It's lil' melon-headed, androgynous Arya Stark, complete with Needle. Considering she wanders around like a filthy nondescript urchin there's not a lot of elements to clue you in to who this is here. Without the tell-tale packaging you may have trouble identifying her cold. But context is everything, and if she's on the shelf with her other family members it should be pretty telling.
Evil/drunk/insane monster queen Cersei Lannister, played to perfection by the always brilliant Lena Heady. This one is a little bit of a disappointment to me because she looks too blank. I'd like to see a bit more wickedness or malice here. I could be fooled into thinking this one is Daenerys in a party dress.
Renly? For realz? I suppose he's an important character but... I don't know. Is he worthy of this treatment over The Joff? I guess Funko don't want to blow their load too early, but I think Renly is only for the serious completist. Not high on my list, that's for sure.
And finally... Who the hell is this?
Robb Stark? Who the hell is Robb Stark?! Oh... THAT guy. Considering Robb is the Stark's choice of king, poor old Robb continually fails to make an impact for me on the show. Here's a pro-tip: if you need to refill your drink or take a piss then do it when Robb's on. Buy this one and brace yourself for the fact that only three other people in the world are going to know who he is. Not the best.
I really thought we might get something a little supernatural thrown in seeing as how they made the visually striking White Walker in the first wave but I guess not. Still, there's still another 300 or so characters to mine and the series is only getting started.
I'm probably more excited about these than I am Game of Thrones! I love Underpants Skeleton!
All my favourites! Looks like I'm going to have to take up carpentry so I can build myself some bigger shelves!
I am going to buy the crap out of those Lannisters, yes sirree.
Though Jon looks like the best job. Odds are I'll end up with him too.


The Steve Carell drama sheds little light on the wealthy, eccentric Delaware millionaire or his motivations for the murder of Olympic gold medalist Dave Schultz.
Steve Carell in Foxcatcher. Credit: Foxcatcher.
Since its showing at the Cannes Film Festival, Foxcatcher (2014) has been acclaimed for its directing, cinematography, and acting; the buzz has been especially loud about Steve Carell's depiction of millionaire John E. du Pont.
My particular interest in the story stems from having read much about the murder of Olympic Wrestler Dave Schultz by du Pont in January 1996.
Subsequently, I fell into the trap of expecting that events I knew about would be depicted as such on the movie screen.
Good filmmaking can be terribly convincing. If you know the facts, their filmed account can rub roughly on your psyche. A week after seeing the film, I returned to my original source, No Holds Barred: The Strange Life of John E. du Pont (1996) by Carol A. Turkington, and compared the accounts.
What continued to bother me was the film's determination to reveal little about John du Pont; more, what little it did reveal was bland and unimaginative.
First, Foxcatcher (the name of DuPont's estate) shows du Pont throwing his money around to get both his way and a return on his investment. He builds a multimillion-dollar wrestling complex on his estate and then tries to recruit the best talent, including the Schultz brothers, gold-medal winners at the 1984 Summer Olympics.
Mark Schultz initially comes into the fold; Dave stays away because he doesn't want to move his wife and kids. Eventually, after Mark has a falling out with DuPont, Dave is induced to come to Foxcatcher, living in a house on the estate.
After Mark's departure, Dave and du Pont have a tenuous relationship. du Pont becomes increasingly jealous of Dave's popularity and apparently strong family ties. With little setup, du Pont drives to Dave's house one day and shoots Dave while he is working on his car. du Pont says little during the shooting and drives back to his mansion where he is captured by the police with little resistance.
End of film. We're given updates on Dave's wife, Mark, and du Pont, the latter dying in 2009 in a prison for the mentally ill.
I'm not worried about saving the world from a distorted view of this freakish episode. It bothered me that the already-long film did not offer more of a look at John E. du Pont's history and character, although 20 more minutes to show how "kooked" duPont really is might have been too much.
For one thing, he's already been established as "kooked": his fantasy about being a wrestling coach and important cog in the quest for Olympic Gold is manifest enough. du Pont indeed had great influence over the entire amateur sport, and thus everyone in authority overlooked his eccentricities, some of which were egregious.
In effect, du Pont's money extended his reach and made his family and colleagues codependent on his precarious mental state. Money he gave to amateur wrestlers from Villanova and elsewhere violated rules that no one in charge would enforce at the risk of alienating their major source of funding.
We also see how the wrestlers respond to him: grateful he's backing them with big donations, and slightly embarrassed over his antics (like buying a tank and shooting a gun toward the ceiling of his complex).
Foxcatcher tries to tie his problems to his mother, Jean (Vanessa Redgrave), an equestrian who sees wrestling as beneath the family. du Pont tries to displace the more than 30,000 equestrian rewards in her glass cases with Olympic and World championship medals; in one scene, Jean is wheeled into the complex, and expresses disdain for her son's efforts. Then she dies.
Her death both in reality and in the film is very consequential: John's mental state declines thereafter, and the film ties her death to his increasing isolation, which, in course, leads to his shooting of Dave Schultz.
Many of du Pont's acclaims are also somewhat muddled. He was an expert ornithologist whose books were largely ghostwritten; he went to the Olympics with the U.S. pentathlon team, but as a trainer, not a participant. He sponsored the U.S. Olympic Swimming program, but ended the program entirely when Jimmy Carter withdrew the United States from the 1980 Summer Olympic Games.
Several reviews have noted Foxcatcher's dramatic jump from 1989 to 1996. With nothing to inform the audience, the effect is dumbfounding. The 1992 Barcelona Olympic are skipped, as well as the four years Dave Schultz spent at Foxcatcher.
I didn't expect an explanation for du Pont's actions. Increasing paranoia, probably; his defense team asserted that du Pont was a paranoid schizophrenic who increasingly viewed Schultz as part of a larger threat against him. Behavioral quirks, such as calling himself the Dalai Lama and wanting people to address him as "Your Highness," inflated to embrace an increasing aversion to the color black, which caused du Pont to subsequently dismiss three African-American wrestlers.
But these are not even mentioned in the film. Nor is the three-day siege of du Pont's mansion after the murder. And virtually nothing is mentioned about the trial. At the time, he was the richest man ever to be indicted for murder. If you want an indictment against the super-wealthy, the chronicle of his trial provides ample material.
On the one hand, you can be outraged at how, for 30 years, John du Pont used his money to have his way until he could no longer have his way. Then there's the man who is mentally ill, protected by his family (as any family would). From his youth, du Pont was isolated emotionally from his parents, and had few friends. In a sense, as long as he didn't "hurt" anyone, all proceeded as if nothing was wrong.
Robert Castle is a Collingswood-based writer. Check out his latest book, Pope Sixtus the Fourth, at Amazon; six of his other works are available on Kindle.


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Entertainment Music News
Superstars Kirk Franklin and Le'Andria Johnson Join All-Star Lineup to Close Out 13th Annual McDonald's Inspiration Celebration Gospel Tour
The seven-city free tour ended on an even higher note with the addition of Franklin and Johnson at its final stop.
Photo courtesy of McDonald's
McDonald's USA, through its Black & Positively Golden movement, via its 13th Annual Inspiration Celebration Gospel Tour, has again left a lasting impact on communities across the country. The free seven-city concert series closed out in Houston on December 13 with a special holiday show infused with gospel music luminaries, including Kirk Franklin and Le'Andria Johnson, who joined an all-star lineup of gospel greats—Donald Lawrence, Tye Tribbett, Keke Wyatt, Kierra Sheard, Sir the Baptist, DJ Standout and host Lonnie Hunter—for the final show.
McDonald's reinforced its commitment to uplifting the community by expanding the tour's lineup to bring even more empowering music to its holiday show stage. Franklin performed fan-favorite and chart-topping hits, while Le'Andria Johnson joined Donald Lawrence & Company for an exciting, exclusive performance of the award-winning hit single "Deliver Me."
Continuing its longtime support of families served by Ronald McDonald House Charities (RMHC) and its network of local chapters, McDonald's Inspiration Celebration Gospel Tour raised nearly $100,000 in 2019 alone to aid in helping families with ill or injured children stay close to each other and the medical care they need to thrive. Since 2013, the tour has helped provide more than 13,000 overnight stays to families utilizing local Ronald McDonald House programs.
The concert series also has left a lasting positive impact on several communities throughout the year. In partnership with Thurgood Marshall College Fund, the company honored four of six Black & Positively Golden HBCU scholars for their commitment to serving their communities during the Washington D.C. and Tallahassee tour stops. The brand also hosted the first Golden Voice Talent Showcase and Master Class in Atlanta, in partnership with RCA Inspiration. The Golden Voice Talent Showcase winner took home $1,000 and performed during the concert, while select tour talent gave Master Class attendees an in-depth, inside look into the music industry.
Take a look at the stars as they performed:
Kirk Franklin/photo courtesy of McDonald's
Le'Andria Wyatt/photo courtesy of McDonald's
Keke Wyatt with Donald Lawrence/photo courtesy of McDonald's
Tye Tribbett/photo courtesy of McDonald's
Kierra Sheard/photo courtesy of McDonald's
Sir the Baptist/photo courtesy of McDonald's
DJ Standout/photo courtesy of McDonald's
Host Lonnie Hunter/photo courtesy of McDonald's
McDonald's Inspiration Celebration Gospel Tour is expected to return in 2020. It is part of the company's Black & Positively Golden campaign movement, which is designed to uplift communities and shine a brilliant light on Black excellence through empowerment, education and entrepreneurship.
Follow @WeAreGolden on Instagram for 2020 tour updates and join the conversation using #blackandpositivelygolden.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Bob Petersen - President
Paul Cavallaro - Vice President
Rich Micheau - Treasurer
Jim Yoder - Director
Larry Johnson - Secretary
Our Mission Statement:
To promote the safe and legal ownership and use of firearms as expressed in our inalienable rights under the Second Amendment to the Constitution of the United States of America so that those who are legally permitted to purchase and sell firearms may collect and use firearms for self defense, competitive events, other sporting uses in the community, and for preservation of our constitutional republic.
Also preserving and defending the right to keep and bear arms as guaranteed by the Bill of Rights and Article I, section 6 of Michigan's Constitution: "Every person has a right to keep and bear arms for the defense of himself and the state."Dedicated to the unequivocal defense of the 2nd Amendment, and America's extraordinary heritage of firearm ownership.
We believe the Constitution of the United States and the Bill of Rights are priceless documents, based on eternal truths and are as valid today as when drafted by our nation's Founders.
We believe the 2nd Amendment guarantees the 1 st Amendment and all those that follow.
We believe the 2nd Amendment has been under severe attack from many political fronts, as well as from
The Executive, Legislative and Judicial branches of government and thus must be vigorously defended.
We believe our efforts to defend and protect the 2 nd Amendment are opposed by those who are just as dedicated to abolishing it.
We believe therefore, the battle is primarily political and will either be won or lost by means of who is elected or defeated in the State Legislature.
We believe we will never be secure in our rights to own firearms until the anti-gunners are swept from office and soundly defeated.
We believe our victory can never be accomplished until gun owners – individually and collectively, recognize we are in a prolonged conflict, and must organize for a lengthy political battle.
We believe our opposition will focus on the emotional rather than the factual – and will unabashedly distort the truth to achieve their goal of disarming American citizens.
We believe that confrontation is necessary and crucial as we wage against our adversaries, yet personal integrity must remain a foundational ethic of DCGOA.
We believe it is unwise, both politically and morally, to compromise principles for short-term political gain. Worthy goals can never be permanently achieved by unworthy tactics.
We believe we can never build ourselves up by tearing other pro-gun organizations down; there are enough anti-gun advocates to oppose without wasting time nit-picking with those who stand with us most of the time. It is impossible to effectively fight others while battling amongst ourselves. A cord of many strands is far more difficult to break.
We believe that words alone won't triumph; time, manpower, money and prayer are needed as well.
We recognize that God rules, and without His guidance our efforts are all in vain.
Wells, Michigan 49894
deltacountygunowners@gmail.com
© 2023 Delta County Gun Owners Association


The White House is considering imposing a raft of tariffs and other punitive measures on China to punish the country for alleged intellectual property theft, long a source of tension between the two countries, which are key trade partners.
The Office of the US Trade Representative submitted a proposal to the White House calling for tariffs on a range of Chinese products, restrictions on investment by Chinese companies in the United States, and limits on visas for certain Chinese nationals, according to the Nikkei Asian Review newspaper, citing a source familiar with international trade.
The tariffs would not only target technology products that are often subject to intellectual property theft, but also goods such as clothing, according to the report.
Alleged intellectual property theft by China has long been a source of tension between Beijing and Washington. The United States also objects to Chinese investment rules that require US companies to transfer technology in order to do business in the country.
President Donald Trump frequently slammed China for unfair trade practices on the campaign trail. In August, the US Trade Representative Robert Lighthizer initiated an investigation under Section 301 of US trade law to determine whether or not Chinese practices related to technology transfers and intellectual property discriminate against the United States or restrict business.
Trump has sought to make good on his promise to pursue an America First trade policy, announcing controversial tariffs on aluminum and steel earlier in the month. On Monday, the president blocked Singapore-based Broadcom's bid to buy out the US chip maker Qualcomm, citing national security concerns.
Analysts viewed Trump's decision to kill what would have been the biggest tech deal in history as more about China than the Singapore-based company.
"The case that has been constructed is that, given Broadcom's business practices, the worry is that they will cut investment significantly, particularly in the 5G roadmap, weaken Qualcomm, as well as the U.S. position and allow Huawei, a Chinese company to take the lead," explained Stacy Rasgon, chip analyst at Bernstein.
Tech stocks listed on the S&P 500 fell 0.4 percent on Tuesday, while the tech-heavy Nasdaq composite dropped 0.4 percent after falling 1 percent earlier in the trading session.
"While most tech names including FANG stocks are relatively insulated from any China worries/headwinds, this is enough of a near term concern for tech investors to take some profits after a golden run over the last few weeks with many of these names making new highs," said Dan Ives, head of technology research at GBH Insights, in a note.


This entry was posted in All Blog Posts, News on October 13, 2018 by Ajisai Webmaster.
Ajisai Press will be present at the sixth edition of Fili Magici (Vinovo, near Turin, Italy) from 25th to 27th May 2018. Don't miss it!
This entry was posted in All Blog Posts, News and tagged event, exhibition, fair on May 6, 2018 by Ajisai Webmaster.
After a few weeks of technical difficulties due to server migration and maintenance, the website is finally back up and running.
We still have a lot of work to do but, as you may have noticed, we have added a new shopping cart and the digital delivery system now works correctly.
After purchasing the PDF files, they will be automatically sent by email with encrypted links.
These links will remain valid for 48 hours and, for security reasons, for a maximum of three downloads.
Each file will be personalized with the customer's info (name, address and email).
If you run into any issues, do not hesitate to contact us.
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CASTIGLIONE v. COUNTY OF SAN DIEGO
Albert E. CASTIGLIONE, Plaintiff and Appellant, v. COUNTY OF SAN DIEGO, Defendant and Respondent.
Graham K. Fleming, Escondido, for plaintiff and appellant. Bertram McLees, Jr., County Counsel and John McEvoy, Deputy County Counsel, for defendant and respondent.
Albert E. Castiglione (plaintiff) appeals from an adverse judgment in his action for declaratory relief by which he sought to have an ordinance of San Diego County (defendant) declared invalid.
From 1958 to 1967 plaintiff carried on the business of an auto wrecking yard on an 18-acre tract in the unincorporated area of San Diego County under a series of permits from the Board of Supervisors of San Diego County (Board). That was done pursuant to a county ordinance that had been in effect since 1951. The ordinance, with subsequent amendment and codification, provided in substance and still provides:
'PERMIT REQUIRED. No land within the unincorporated territory of the county shall be used for any of the following purposes unless a permit therefor has been granted by the Board of Supervisors pursuant to this division:
'(a) The storage of junk.
'(b) The storage of nonoperating motor vehicles.
'(c) A motor vehicle wrecking yard.
'(d) A metal salvage yard.'
The permit most recently issued to plaintiff was for a period of five years which expired on October 23, 1967.
Prior to that date plaintiff had applied for a renewal of the permit. A public hearing on the application was held by the Planning Commission of San Diego County which, on December 1, 1967, denied the application. Plaintiff appealed that decision to Board, which granted plaintiff, and held, a public hearing de novo on the application for permit and denied it.
The present action followed.
Plaintiff contends that by virtue of the adoption by the Legislature of chapter 4 of title 7 of the Government Code (ss 65800—65907, 'Zoning Regulations'), while a county may regulate otherwise the manner in which a business may be carried on, no use of land for any purpose may be regulated by general ordinance except as a zoning regulation adopted in the manner provided by chapter 4.
The trial court made its declaratory judgment holding that the State Planning Law does not prohibit the regulation of land use in the unzoned areas of County, but that County, under the general police powers and independent of any statutory grant of authority, has the power to regulate those uses of land such as a motor vehicle wrecking yard which are or may become nuisances.
Plaintiff argues that by Government Code chapter 4 of title 7, the Legislature has preempted the field of land use regulation, that there may not be any regulation of the use of land for any purpose except within the framework of a zoning ordinance adopted in conformity with chapter 4.
When the application for a permit was denied Government Code section 65800 declared:
'It is the purpose of this chapter to provide for the adoption and administration of zoning laws, ordinances, rules and regulations by counties and cities, as well as to implement such general plan as may be in effect in any such county or city. The Legislature declares that in enacting this chapter it is its intention to provide only a minimum of limitation in order that counties and cities may exercise the maximum degree of control over local zoning matters.'
Government Code section 65802 provides:
'No provisions of this code, other than the provisions of this chapter, and no provisions of any other code or statute shall restrict or limit the procedures provided in this chapter by which the legislative body of any county or city enacts, amends, administers, or provides for the administration of any zoning law, ordinance, rule or regulation.'
Neither the stated purpose of chapter 4 nor historical precedent supports plaintiff's contention.
Before the introduction of zoning as a means for the orderly and uniform planned development of urban areas, the governmental regulation of land use as to certain purposes generally had to do with business operations that were not per se illegal or nuisances but which, if carried on in certain locations, would be or would tend to become nuisances.
In 1913 the Supreme Court upheld the validity of an ordinance adopted in 1910 that excluded the operation of a brickyard in a certain area of the city of Los Angeles. The court said:
'It is immaterial to the particular point under discussion that the conduct of a brickyard is not a nuisance per se. 'The police power granted by the Constitution is not restricted to the suppression of nuisances. It includes the regulation of the conduct of business, or the use of property, to the end that the public health or morals may not be impaired or endangered.'' (Ex parte Hadacheck, 165 Cal. 416, 419, 132 P. 584, 585.)
With the inception of zoning it continued to be true that certain land uses possessed 'characteristics of such unique and special form as to make impracticable their being included automatically 'in a designated zone' * * * ' (Paramount Rock Co. v. County of San Diego, 180 Cal.App.2d 217, 222, 4 Cal.Rptr. 317, 320.)
It has been a feature of some zoning ordinances to leave certain areas unclassified as to the uses permitted, but to provide that certain uses within such areas could be carried on only under a permit. Thus in Cantrell v. Board of Supervisors, 87 Cal.App.2d 471, 197 P.2d 218, a permit had been given as provided by a zoning ordinance for operation of a hog ranch, which we may assume could not have been carried on without such permit.
In Livingston Rock & Gravel Co. v. County of L.A., 43 Cal.2d 121, 123—124, 272 P.2d 4, the area involved had been in 'an M—3 zone (unlimited), under ordinance No. 1494 (new series) of the county of Los Angeles, permitting any building structure or improvement to be erected, established or maintained thereon without restriction as to use or occupancy.'
In National Advertising Co. v. County of Monterey, 211 Cal.App.2d 375, 377, 382, 27 Cal.Rptr. 136, 137, 140, it was said of such an unclassified area:
'Section 12 establishes a 'U', or unclassified district, in which the only restrictions prohibit off-site signs and require a use permit for each of some 22 uses. The greater part of the county's unincorporated area is placed in the 'U' zone.
'* * *n 1
'(T)hese districts are designed as holding areas, whose rural character is to be maintained only until some definite trend toward particular uses begins to develop. The ordinance recognizes that these areas have not reached a point of development warranting more specific regulation.'
An apparent purpose of such a scheme is to forestall a future claim that such a use, if not carried out under a terminable permit, had become a non-conforming use under restrictive zoning that might later be established.
The claim made here by plaintiff is of that character, and has been anticipated by the requirement of a permit limited as to time.
The end result of plaintiff's argument is that since only by ordinance adopted as provided in Government Code sections 65853 and 65854 could use of land within the unincorporated area of the county be restricted from use for any purpose not inherently lawful, and since no such zoning ordinance has been adopted covering the area in which his property is located, he has by this time established a non-conforming use which would have to be taken into account in any zoning of that area that excluded such a business.
Thus by accepting the permits under which he operated and without which he might not have operated, plaintiff would have established himself in a position superior to that which existed when he first applied for a permit. In that respect he somewhat resembles the landowners in Edmonds v. County of Los Angeles, 40 Cal.2d 642, at page 653, 255 P.2d 772, at page 779, of whom the court said:
'Having taken the benefits of the exception, plaintiffs may not now attack their manner of acceptance. Civ.Code, Sec. 3521. That they made an oral acceptance cannot be questioned in the light of the undisputed evidence, and everyone present at the board meeting so understood. The fact that a written acceptance was never made cannot now be successfully advanced. For a period of three years plaintiffs made a use of their property to which they were not entitled under the law in the absence of the granting of the conditional exception. By their conduct they led everyone to believe that the exception had been accepted.'
The situation that existed when plaintiff first applied for and obtained a permit to operate his business is analogous to that which would have existed if all the unincorporated area had been divided into zones in none of which was the operation of a car wrecking yard provided for, if in that situation plaintiff had requested a conditional use permit.
Government Code section 65851 provides as follows:
'For such purposes the legislative body may divide a county, a city, or portions thereof, into zones of the number, shape and area it deems best suited to carry out the purpose of this chapter.'
It follows that the county government may elect to classify only certain portions of the county as zones subject to regulations which are variable as between different zones but uniform within a particular zone.
It also follows that those portions of the county not subjected to regulations specified to be applicable to a zone designated by a certain classification letter or number must remain subject to all regulations of a county-wide application derived from the following grant found in article XI, section 11 of the California Constitution.
'Any county * * * may make and enforce within its limits all such local, police, sanitary and other regulations as are not in conflict with general laws.'
It is clear that as to such businesses there might be regulations under the police power as distinguished from zoning.
'(T)he distinction between the power to prohibit nuisances and the power to zone is exceedingly important. The power over nuisances is more circumscribed in its objects; but once an undoubted menace to public health, safety, or morals is shown, the method of protection may be drastic.' (Jones v. City of Los Angeles, 211 Cal. 304, 316, 295 P. 14, 20.)
For that reason cases cited by plaintiff dealing with zoning ordinances, such as Silvera v. City of South Lake Tahoe, 3 Cal.App.3d 554, 83 Cal.Rptr. 698, and City of Sausalito v. County of Marin, 12 Cal.App.3d 550, 90 Cal.Rptr. 843, have no applicability.
The business of an automobile wrecking yard is a legitimate one. Yet, 18 acres of old car bodies in various stages of demolition is not something that when seen pleases, and, depending upon the circumstances, might be a nuisance.
We have not been made aware of the circumstances. Plaintiff in a separate action has sought review of the proceedings by which Board denied his application for a permit.
WHELAN, Associate Justice.
GERALD BROWN, P.J., and AULT, J., concurs.


text:
OpinionCase details
Life Insurance Co. v. Berwald
McNeil v. Chinn
— The court erred in not rendering judgment for the defendant, because the undisputed facts showed that the…
Edds v. Mitchell
In this state, as in most of the states, a third person for whose benefit a contract is made, whether he is a…
14 Citing Cases
Full title:WASHINGTON LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY v. ROSA BERWALD
Court:Supreme Court of Texas
Date published: Nov 5, 1903
97 Tex. 111 (Tex. 1903)
76 S.W. 442
Supreme Court of Texas
Decided November 5, 1903.
1. — Practice in Supreme Court.
Where a requested instruction was not correct in law the Supreme Court will sustain the appellate court in overruling an assignment of error based on its refusal, without reference to the correctness of their ruling that there was no evidence warranting the giving it. (P. 115.)
2. — Insurance — Interest in Beneficiary — Surrender by Insured.
The beneficiary named in a policy of insurance has an interest in the contract which precludes its termination by agreement between insurer and insued except upon conditions fixed by the policy. (Pp. 115, 116.)
3. — Same — Case Stated.
A policy of insurance on the life of a husband for the benefit of his wife, issued by a New York company and governed by the laws of that State which forbade forfeiture for nonpayment of premium except upon written notice, was not avoided, in the absence of such notice, by an understanding between insurer and insured, who was in default, without the concurrence of the beneficiary, that it was to be abandoned. (Pp. 113-117.)
Error to the Court of Civil Appeals for the Fifth District, in an appeal from Dallas County.
Rosa Berwald sued the insurance company and had judgment against it. Defendant appealed, and on affirmance obtained writ of error.
Etheridge Baker, for plaintiff in error. — The court erred in refusing to peremptorily instruct a verdict for plaintiff in error, in that the statute of the State of New York requiring life insurance companies, as a condition precedent to the right to forfeit a policy for nonpayment of premium, to give the notice therein prescribed, has no application to a policy issued upon the life of one who has no postoffice address in the State of New York. Burgess v. Hargrove, 64 Tex. 115; Sneed v. Falls County, 91 Tex. 170; Brandling v. Barrington, 6 Barn. C., 467, 475; Guthrie v. Fisk, 3 Barn. C., 178, 183; Black, Int. of Laws, 191; Suth. Stat. Const., sec. 238.
In the first place, it is respectfully submitted that the language, "shall be construed according to the law of the State of New York," is not sufficient as an adoption of the statute in question requiring notice, because that statute can not be said to constitute a law of construction.
In the second place, it is respectfully submitted and strenuously insisted that if the language last above quoted is sufficient to embrace in the contract the statute in question requiring notice, still it does not have the effect to broaden the scope of the statute. In other words, it is submitted that the adoption of the laws of the State of New York by reference thereto in the contract is the same, in so far as the legal effect is concerned, as if those laws attached ex propria vigore by reason of the execution and delivery of the contract within the territory within which those laws obtain, that is, within the State of New York.
The Court of Civil Appeals erred in amending the statute of New York so as to add to the requirements thereof an additional one to the effect that it was incumbent upon plaintiff in error to give notice to an assured who had no known postoffice address in the State of New York, and whose only postoffice address was Dallas, Texas.
Oral negotiations and agreements occurring before and at the time of the execution of written contracts are to be treated as merged into such written contracts, and it is not admissible to prove them in variance or contradiction of the terms of the writing. Insurance Co. v. Chowning, 8 Texas Civ. App. 455[ 8 Tex. Civ. App. 455].
Policies of life insurance are contracts to be kept in force from year to year, at the will of the insured. The right to keep a policy alive by the payment of the stipulated premiums is a privilege secured to the insured by his agreement with the insurer. He may exercise or abandon this privilege at his discretion; but if he does abandon it, those beneficially interested can not complain that the insurer refuses longer to be bound by a contract that has lost all the elements of mutuality. Insurance Co. v. Grigsby, 73 Ky. 310; Insurance Co. v. Brant, 47 Mo., 419; Association v. Parham, 80 Tex. 518; Insurance Co. v. Chowning, 8 Texas Civ. App. 455[ 8 Tex. Civ. App. 455]; Insurance Co. v. Myers, 59 S.W. Rep., 30.
W.P. Finley and Israel Dreeben, for defendant in error. — A contract by an insurance company of New York executed elsewhere may, by its terms, incorporate therein the statute of New York, which provides that there can be no forfeiture of a policy of life insurance during the period of one year from the date of a default in the payment of any premium, unless the notice required by the said statute was served upon the assured, and in addition thereto the said contract may make the provisions of the said statute controlling upon both the insured and the insurer. New York Life Ins. Co. v. English, 96 Tex. 268; New York Life Ins. Co. v. Orlopp, 25 Texas Civ. App. 284[ 25 Tex. Civ. App. 284]; Mullen v. Mutual Life Ins. Co., 89 Tex. 260; Mullen v. Mutual Life Ins. Co., 32 S.W. Rep., 912; Manhattan Life Ins. Co. v. Fields, 26 S.W. Rep., 280; Nall v. Provident Savings Life Assur. Soc., 54 S.W. Rep., 109; Mutual Life Ins. Co. v. Cohen, 45 Law Ed. U.S. Sup. Ct., 185; Insurance Co. v. Smith, 41 S.W. Rep., 680.
Where the New York laws are a part and parcel of the insurance contract, should there be an extension of credit for some specified time by the company in the payment of any premium, there can be no forfeiture of the life policy for the period of one year from the default in the payment of the premium, unless the company has served the insured with such a notice as is required by the statute at the expiration of the credit extended in the payment of such premium. New York Life Ins. Co. v. English, 96 Tex. 268; New York Life Ins. Co. v. Orlopp, 25 Texas Civ. App. 284[ 25 Tex. Civ. App. 284]; Insurance Co. v. Smith, 41 S.W. Rep., 680; Strauss v. Insurance Co. (Sup.), 67 N Y Supp., 509; Seiders v. Merchants Life Assn., 93 Tex. 194.
Where the wife of the insured is the beneficiary of the life policy, which is subject to the operation of the statute of New York, it is not within the power of the insured, by nonpayment of a premium or by waiver or abandonment, to relinquish or cancel the wife's right in the life policy, unless she should agree thereto. In this case there was no evidence of the wife's agreement as to the alleged abandonment by Berwald of the said policy. New York Life Ins. Co. v. Orlopp, 25 Texas Civ. App. 284[ 25 Tex. Civ. App. 284]; Mutual Life Ins. Co. v. Dingley, 49 Law. Rep., Ann., 132; Mutual Life Ins. Co. v. Hill, 49 Law. Rep. Ann., 127; Mutual Life Ins. Co. v. Hill, 44 Law Ed. U.S., 1097; Mutual Life Ins. Co. v. Sears, 44 Law Ed., U.S., 1096; Insurance Soc. v. Trimble, 83 Fed. Rep., 85; Assurance Soc. v. Nixon, 81 Fed. Rep., 796; New York Life Ins. Co. v. Ireland, 17 S.W. Rep., 617; Splawn v. Chew, 60 Tex. 534; Bank of Washington v. Hume, book 32 U.S. Sup. Ct., 370; Ricker v. Charter Oak Life Ins. Co., 38 Am. Rep., 290; Bliss on Life Ins., secs. 313, 317, 337, 339; May on Insurance, sec. 392.
BROWN, ASSOCIATE JUSTICE.
On the 21st day of November, 1898, the Washington Life Insurance Company issued and delivered to Louis Berwald a policy of insurance upon his life in the sum of $2000, payable to Rosa Berwald, his wife, conditioned upon the annual payment of $60.70 as premium thereon for twenty years, or until the death of the insured if it should occur before the expiration of twenty years. Among other provisions, the application for the policy, which was made a part of the contract, contained this provision: "That the policy now applied for shall be in the form in use by the company, and that the contract contained in such policy and in this application shall be construed according to the law of New York, the place of said contract being agreed to be the home office of the company." The statutes of the State of New York regulating insurance companies contain the following provision: "No life insurance company doing business in this State shall within one (1) year after default in the payment of any premium, installment or interest, declare forfeited or lapsed, any policy hereafter issued or renewed and not issued upon the payment of monthly or weekly premiums, or unless the same is a term insurance contract for one year or less, nor shall any such policy be forfeited or lapsed by reason of nonpayment when due of any premium, interest or installment, or any portion thereof required by the terms of the policy to be paid within one (1) year from the failure to pay such premium, interest, or installment, unless a written or printed notice, stating the amount of such premium, interest, or installment or portion thereof, due on such policy, the place where it shall be paid and the person to whom the same is payable, shall have been duly addressed and mailed to the person whose life is insured, or the assignee of the policy, if notice of the assignment has been given to the corporation, at his or her last known postoffice address in this State, postage paid by the corporation or by any officer thereof, or person appointed by it to collect such premium at least fifteen (15) and not more than forty-five (45) days prior to the day when the same is payable. The notice shall also state that unless such premium, interest or installment or portion thereof then due shall be paid to the corporation, or to the duly appointed agent or person authorized to collect such premium, by or before the day it falls due, the policy and all payments thereon will become forfeited and void, except as to the right to a surrender value or paid up policy as in this chapter provided. If the payment demanded by such notice shall be made within its time limited therefor, it shall be taken to be in full compliance with the requirements of the policy in respect to the time of such payment; and no such policy shall in any case be forfeited, or declared forfeited, or lapsed, until the expiration of thirty (30) days after the mailing of such notice. The affidavit of any clerk, officer or agent of the corporation, or of anyone authorized to mail such notice, that the notice required by this section has been duly addressed and mailed by the corporation issuing such policy shall be presumptive evidence that such notice has been duly given. No action shall be maintained to recover under a forfeited policy unless the same is instituted within one (1) year from the day upon which default was made in paying the premium, installment, interest or portion thereof, for which it is claimed that forfeiture issued." Louis Berwald paid the first premium when the policy was delivered, but he failed to pay the premium which fell due on the 21st day of November, 1899, about which time Reinhardt Son, the State agents of the insurance company in Texas, called upon Berwald for the premium, and it was agreed between them that the time for the payment should be extended for thirty days. The policy contained the following provision: "No person, except the president, vice-president or secretary is authorized to make, alter or discharge a contract, or to waive forfeitures." This provision was at the bottom of the policy below the signatures of the officers of the company and was not embraced in the conditions and benefits as indorsed upon said policy.
At the end of the thirty days for which payment had been extended by Reinhardt Son, Louis Berwald failed to pay the premium upon demand of him by the said Reinhardt Son, and soon thereafter died without having paid it. The notice required by the statute of New York was mailed to the address of Louis Berwald at Dallas according to the requirements of that law, but there was no notice mailed to the said Berwald as required by the statute concerning the payment which fell due at the end of the thirty days.
After the second premium fell due, Louis Berwald was negotiating with the Pacific Mutual Life Insurance Company for a policy on his life for the sum of $2000, payable to Rosa Berwald, his wife. There was evidence sufficient to establish the fact that Louis Berwald intended to abandon the policy issued to him by the plaintiff in error, and Harry Cerf, the agent of the Pacific Mutual Life Insurance Company, testified that Louis Berwald told him that he gave up the policy here sued upon. The Pacific Mutual Life Insurance Company issued to Louis Berwald a policy for $2000, payable to Rosa Berwald, which was in force at the death of Louis Berwald, and that policy was collected by the defendants in error. There is no evidence to show that Rosa Berwald knew that her husband intended to or attempted to surrender the policy sued upon when he took the policy from the Pacific Mutual.
There are no questions made upon the pleadings in this case, and it is unnecessary to set them out except that the defendant in error claims that the answer of the insurance company, which attempted to set up a surrender of the policy, is not sufficient to admit the evidence upon that subject. There is a conflict of evidence upon the fact, as claimed by the defendant in error, that the time for the payment had been extended by Reinhardt Son, also upon the authority of Reinhardt Son to make the extension of the payment; but the Court of Civil Appeals found upon both questions in favor of the defendant in error. The defendant in error also controverted the claim of the plaintiff in error, that Louis Berwald intended to or he attempted to surrender and abandon this policy, and denies that he had the power and authority to do so. There was a trial before a jury, which resulted in a verdict for the plaintiff for the amount of the policy, for damages, attorney's fees and interest, which was affirmed by the Court of Civil Appeals.
We find no error in the record of this case which requires a reversal of the judgment, and it will therefore be affirmed.
Plaintiff in error presented to the Court of Civil Appeals the following assignment of error: "The court erred in refusing defendant's requested charge number 3, which reads as follows: `If from the evidence you find that Louis Berwald took out a policy in the Pacific Mutual and that he did so with the intention of abandoning the policy herein sued upon, and that he did so abandon the policy as herein sued upon, then you will return a verdict for the defendant.'" The assignment was not passed upon by the Court of Civil Appeals, because that court held that there was no evidence before the jury to justify the submission of the issue of abandonment of the policy. We do not pass upon that question, as in our judgment, admitting that the testimony made the issue of abandonment, the charge was properly refused because it does not embody a correct proposition of law.
When Louis Berwald effected the insurance upon his life in favor of his wife, her rights became vested so that Berwald and the insurance company could not terminate the contract without the consent of the wife, except in the manner provided by the policy, or the law. Splawn v. Chew, 60 Tex. 534; Irwin v. Traveler's Insurance Co., 16 Texas Civ. App. 683[ 16 Tex. Civ. App. 683]. In the last case cited, the subject of litigation was an accident policy, but we can see no distinction between that and an ordinary life policy so far as it affects this question. In that case the honorable Court of Civil Appeals of the Fifth District, in a well prepared opinion by Chief Justice Finley, followed the case of Splawn v. Chew, above cited, and upon application for writ of error, there being but one point presented, this court refused the application, which involved the approval of the opinion. Upon a careful examination of the question, we find no reason to abandon our line of decision upon that question. It is well supported by the great weight of authority in this country. Glanz v. Gloeckler, 104 Ill. 573; Putnam v. New York Life Insurance Co., 7 So. Rep. (La.), 602; Packard v. Connecticut Mutual Life Insurance Co., 9 Mo. App., 469; Gosling v. Caldwell, 1 Lea (Tenn.), 454; Harley v. Heist, 86 Ind. 196; Griffith v. New York Life Insurance Co., 101 Cal. 627; Whitehead v. New York Life Insurance Co., 102 N.Y. 143; Stokell v. Kimball, 59 N.H. 13; Weisert v. Muehl, 81 Ky. 336; Connecticut Mutual Life Insurance Co. v. Baldwin, 15 R.I. 106; Ricker v. Charter Oak Life Insurance Co., 27 Minn. 193; Hooker v. Sugg, 102 N.C. 115; Central Bank v. Hume, 128 U.S. 195. The States of Massachusetts, Connecticut, New York, Missouri and New Hampshire each have statutes upon the subject of insurance in favor of the wife and children, which may have controlled the decisions of those States, and they are not regarded as authority in support of the proposition we have announced.
The wife has an insurable interest in her husband's life, which she may insure, taking a policy payable to herself or to her children, therefore it can not be said that the insurance procured by the husband for the wife is a mere gratuity; it is to protect an existing interest, as well as the performance of a duty to the wife. It is a contract about a matter of interest to the wife and she can pay the premiums herself in case her husband fails to do so, thereby protecting and preserving her right. Whitehead v. New York Life Insurance Co., before cited. If she has such interest in the contract that she might protect it against the wishes of her husband and the insurance company by making payments according to the terms of the contract, she is not a stranger to it, and surely her interest is of a character that she can not be deprived of it without her consent, except by her failure to see that the terms of the contract are complied with.
The contention of the plaintiff in error upon this question is supported by the following authorities: Clark v. Durand, 12 Wis. 223; Foster v. Gile, 50 Wis. 603; Estate of Breitung, 78 Wis. 33; Bickerton v. Jacques, 28 Hun, 119.
The opinion in the case of Clark v. Durand, before cited, was prepared by Chief Justice Dickson of the Supreme Court of Wisconsin, and is a very strong argument in support of his view of the question. He bases the decision upon the ground that the beneficiary in a life policy is not a party to the contract of insurance and that there is no legal obligation resting upon the insured to maintain the contract in favor of the beneficiary, from which he draws the conclusion, that until the death of the insured the contract is under his control and that he may, with the consent of the insurance company, change it so as to substitute another beneficiary, or he may surrender it entirely. This was qualified in Foster v. Gile, 50 Wis. 607, in which the court said that the doctrine of Clark v. Durand was an extreme view of the law, and announced its conclusions thus: "Notwithstanding what was said in Clark v. Durand, we think the taking of the policy by the insured, payable to another, is so far in the nature of an executed voluntary settlement that it vests in the person to whom the insurance money is made payable an actual subsisting interest in the policy, but not the absolute, unconditional ownership of it and of the moneys therein agreed to be paid. The interest of the beneficiary is subject to the right of the insured, who has paid the premiums, to revoke the same and retain it himself or vest it elsewhere." In the Estate of Breitung, before cited, Casseday, justice, filed a vigorous and strong dissenting opinion in which he reviewed the authorities and challenged the correctness of the line of decisions in that State upon this question. The majority of the court said: "Now it is said that this doctrine is opposed to the great weight of authority, and we are urged to change our decision on the subject so as to bring it in harmony with the decisions elsewhere. In answer to this suggestion, we observe that we are bound to adhere to the rule which has been so long established in this State. If that rule is found not to be salutary or wise it is within the power of the Legislature to change it, and it is much better that the change come that way than that this court depart from the rule which has so long been acted upon as settled." From this language it would seem that the majority were almost persuaded to give up their position, but felt themselves bound by the rule of stare decisis to adhere to the line of decisions theretofore established.
Undoubtedly there are strong reasons why the rule as it has been settled in the State of Wisconsin should prevail, yet upon the whole we believe that the stronger reason is in favor of that which has been adopted by the majority of the courts. One of the objections to holding that the policy vests an interest in the beneficiary is that it deprives the insured of the privilege of changing the provision so as to meet the changed conditions of his family; but this objection is well answered by the Supreme Court of Indiana in Harley v. Heist, before cited, in this manner: "It is said further, that to deny to the husband, who has paid the premium, the right to dispose of the policy to his own use, after the death of the wife, imposes upon him a hardship and wrong. A sufficient answer to this is, that if he wishes to retain to himself the control and ownership of the policy in such case, he may so provide in the policy." Affirmed.


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Home / COLLECTION / Patches / Plastisol / Sleeve patch of Nuclear-powered Submarine "Omsk"
Sleeve patch of Nuclear-powered Submarine "Omsk"
The sleeve insignia of the sailors who see duty on the nuclear submarine cruiser "Omsk".
K- 186 "Omsk" is the 11th in a row nuclear submarine of the Project 949A "Antey" (Oscar-II in NATO classification).
Basing site – the Pacific Fleet, Krasheninnikov bay.
SKU: 15040048. Categories: Patches, Plastisol. Tags: black, embossing, military, navy, nuclear, patch, stripe, submarine.
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A round black fabric patch with goldish edging. The central image of the patch is the coat of the city of Omsk with a superimposed stylized image of a nuclear submarine.
Over the coat of arms there is the waving flag of Russian Navy (St. Andrew's flag).
The inscription on the perimeter of the patch reads "Nuclear Submarine Cruiser".
On the white curly ribbon at the bottom of the patch is the ship's name – "Omsk".
At the core of the sleeve patch lies the coat of arms of the city of Omsk. Since the time of the development of Siberia, Omsk was a fortress city, so at the bottom of the emblem there is a red brick fortress wall. At the top of the coat of arms is the vintage emblem of the Infantry Regiment of Tobolsk Province – a golden rifle pyramid with regimental flags and drums.
To see military service on the eponymous submarine is considered a special honor and a honorable merit among the inhabitants of the city of Omsk.
The submarine was imbedded on July 13, 1989 at the Severodvinsk plant.
On April 13, 1993 the submarine was named "Omsk" in connection with the patronage performed by the Omsk city administration.
On May 10, 1993 the submarine joined the Northern Fleet.
On September 14, 1994 she was transferred to the Pacific Fleet.
The nuclear submarine cruiser "Omsk" is on constant alert.
It is not known how much time does the submarine spend in the waters of the Oceans, as it is a state secret. However, according to the tradition since the Soviet times, each time when the ship returns to the base, the crew is treated with a roasted pig, and the wives of the sailors present them a huge cake.
Characteristics of the submarine:
Surface speed: 15 knots;
Submerged speed: 33 knots;
Operating depth: 1,433 feet;
Maximum depth: 2,000 feet;
Number of crew: 107 people;
Maximum length: 513 feet;
Maximum body width: 60 feet;
Propulsion: 2 nuclear reactors with a capacity of 190 MW.
The submarine is armed with six torpedo launchers and anti-ship cruise missiles "Granit".
The history of the badge For the Long Campaign, vol.1
Udaloy: Soviet anti-submarine destroyers
Russian rite of entry of the Captain
The grandfather of the Russian Fleet
Soviet Navy small guard ships MO-4
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3.37 x 3.37 / 85.6 x 85.6
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Black beret – the uniform headgear of the Marines of the USSR and Russia Navy.
Nickname – "Black Death", the motto: "Where we are, there the victory is!"
Black is the official color of the Marines' uniform since 1963.
The beret is worn with the cockade of 32 faceted rays and the Admiralty anchor entwined with a rope, and the special hallmark of a red triangular flag with a small golden anchor.
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A metal buckle (thin brass) of the waist belt of the ranks, non-commissioned officers of the Soviet Navy and military students.*
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The sleeve insignia of the sailors who see duty on the strategic nuclear missile submarine "Verkhoturye".
K-51 "Verkhoturye" is a nuclear-powered submarine of the Project 667 "Delfin" (Dolphin) (Delta IV in NATO classification). Built in 1984 in Severodvinsk. She is the flagship of the series of this type submarines.
Basing-site – Northern Fleet, port Gadzhiyevo.
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24 mm caliber sensitive movement with a central second hand;
Scale: 12 hrs;
Date calendar of instant action;
Height 5/32 inch (4.14 mm);
17 ruby jewels;
Shock-resistant balance;
Totally wound movement run not less than 36 hrs.
The hands, clock-face, elements of decoration are covered with phosphor paint accumulating light (superluminova), allowing to see the watch in any conditions, including in the dark.
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"Shooner St. Anna" is a pin from the rare series "Russia Sets Sail".
The Schooner was initially used by British travelers, then by the Russian Polar Expedition of 1912 under Brusilov's command. The Expedition was organised with the mission to sail through the Northern Sea Route that had never ever been done by anyone before. The vessel was reported missing in 1914.
The text on the pin reads: "Schooner St. Anna", 1912".
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"Polnochny-Class Landing Ship" is a pin from the series "The Soviet Navy".
The pin represents a right-angled rhombus inside of which there is a blue field with the following elements: in the upper part – the naval flag of the USSR, in the center – the image of the war vessel with the indication of her class, in the lower part – a figured ribbon with the name of the ship put over an anchor.
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The dog tag is made of stainless steel with enamel.
It is a relief image of the the Great Seal of the United States of America under the weaving Stars and Stripes.
At the bottom of the medal there is the inscription: "US ARMY".
On the face of the seal there is the image of the bald eagle, which is the national symbol of the United States.
Dog tag Killer
It is an image of a skull in the center of the optical sight of a sniper rifle.
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National Science Foundation, Coupled Natural and Human Systems. $1,798,150. CHN-L: The potential for aquaculture in Lake Victoria and implications for wild fisheries and fish commodity markets. S. Glaser (PI), S. Hamilton (co-PI), L. Kaufman (co-PI), D. Rothman (co-PI), K. Wedig (co-PI).
DU Social Science Foundation Innovation Grant. $31,765. 2014–15. Expanding fisheries in the International Futures model at the Pardee Center. S. Glaser (PI), D. Rothman, B. Hughes (co-PIs).
Korbel Research Fund Award. $7,476. 2014. Expanding the fishery subsector of the International Futures model. S. Glaser (PI).
Reves Center for International Studies Grant. $18,000. 2012–2014. The William & Mary GIS Center at Lake Victoria: supporting student learning, faculty research and resource stewardship at the source of the Nile. S. Glaser (PI), C. Hendrix, S. Hamilton (co-PIs).
Women in Scientific Education (WISE) NSF-ADVANCE grant, William & Mary. $5000. 2012. Fisheries in the Lake Victoria Basin: Links between Fish Catch & Market Price. S. Glaser (PI).


Development of historically valuable rural setting, whether based on conservation, preservation or restoration viewpoint, relies on different variables, which are rooted in a profound understanding of the meaning of rural setting. Rural setting is the integration of building, behaviors and beliefs of human beings, but what makes rural setting as a unique phenomenon is its indigenous culture that is an important component to create the balance between development and conservation approaches. Human's interaction with nature and nature's response to human needs makes up the concept of vernacular, which holds within itself the culture that at least in its tectonic sense would signify 'the center-piece of Iranian architectural tradition.' Preservation of these values, in line with development, is necessary for the present generation, and justifies further research in this context.
The prevalent dependence of human on technology in rural areas has crossed over its traditional limits of basic needs for security and comfort and shifted toward higher levels of welfare, which in turn calls for new measures in development. However, the definite need for protection of historic architecture in line with development requires deeper understanding of factors that are both rooted in valuable historical heritage and is capable of embracing development. This paper examines the interaction of development and preservation of values bearing in mind vernacular culture. Furthermore, in conservation and restoration processes, especially in rural setting considering its context, this component is a very important developmental strategy from local scale to global scale. Conservation based upon this approach is emphasized on the process of life and human harmony with nature and their mutual interaction. In indigenous culture, the relationship between tradition and nature, the craftsmanship and bilateral influences of native people as they modify their surrounding natural conditions is of greatest authenticity. Accordingly, conservation, restoration and development based on indigenous culture, is emphasized on the process of life & human harmony with nature and the interaction between them. This attitude leads to minimum negative environmental impact that results in a responsive design culture empowering sense of place, designing with nature and utilizing natural forms and processes, respecting the objective aspects of nature while considering the people in the design process. Such design would be vernacularly pertinent to by benefitting from sustainable elements in revitalization to enrich their restored identity. These sustainable elements are the qualities and capabilities that rural space possesses due to history and rich cultural heritage and collective values of society that is crystallized in its physical and spatial forms to be transferred to the next generation. In other words, the ecological and vernacular milieus are relatively reliable systems for transferring cultural heritage of society and its values. In this manner, new actions such as adding new functions that are performed upon buildings with rural historical value should be respective to their identity and cultural values. This study raises issues such as the role of culture as an important development strategy in connection with tourism, vernacularism, and sustainability, in addition to the subject of place identity in the cycle of restoration of historic architecture all of which as guiding hypotheses towards the aim of the research. It also aims to evaluate the success of development plans for valuable rural settings with reference to vernacular culture. The argument draws on the views of various Iranian and foreign scholars and describes their experiences. The nature of the research question, along with its process and aims calls for a qualitative content analysis, description, and interpretation.