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Section 8 Company Registration can be obtained under the Companies Act, 2013. A section 8 Company can be registered to promote Art, Science, Commerce, Technology, Sports, Education, Social Welfare, and Protection of the Environment, etc. It can work anywhere in India after the successful completion of the registration process.
Help you with documentation
Drafting & filing of application form
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How to Start a Section 8 Company Registration
An Overview of Section 8 Company Registration
In India, a Section 8 Company is a specific type of Company which is registered for the promotion of science, education, charity, social welfare, art, environment etc. It aims to apply all its income profits or other earnings in promoting this objection, and it pays no dividend or income to its members. Section 8 Companies are limited companies which are incorporated under the Companies Act and they may have been registered either as Public Limited or Private Limited Companies. In comparison to Society & Trust, Section 8 Company has more benefits and this type of Company has more credibility among Government Departments, donors & other stakeholders.
Important Points Regarding Section 8 Company in India
A Section 8 Company is bound to fulfil the provisions of the Companies Act, 2013. In view of this, these companies are mandated to direct the books of account, file returns with ROCs;
This Company is similar to the Section 25 Company under the erstwhile Companies Act, 1956. According to the prevailing company Act, Section 15 is now acknowledged as Section 8;
An NGO can be incorporated under the Registrar of Societies or a Non-Profit entity under the Section 8 company of the Companies Act, 2013;
Such companies have no authority to change the charter documents such as MOA & AO without consent from the Government. Moreover, they must also comply with the IT Act & GST Laws.
Benefits of Section 8 Company Registration in India
Following are some primary benefits of Section 8 Company Registration in India:
1. Distinct Legal Identity: Section 8 Company in India has a separate legal entity that is different from its members. Its legal standing is also different from its members. The Company has its existence till perpetuity along with having all organised operations and greater flexibility.
2. Zero Stamp Duty: A Section 8 Company is exempted from the requirement of paying stamp duty on the Memorandum of Association and Articles of Association of the private or public limited companies. Such a requirement is applicable for the registration of all other kinds of company structures.
3. No Minimum Capital Requirement: No minimum capital limit has been previously mentioned for a Section 8 Company in India. The capital structure of any company may be altered at any stage as per the growth requirements of the day to day business of the Company. This also implies that a company can be formed without any kind of share capital. The funds necessary for carrying out the business operations can be brought, later on, in the form of donations and/or certain subscriptions from the members and general public at large.
4. Exemption to the donors: The people donating to a Section 8 Company are always eligible for certain tax exemptions under Section 12A and 80G of the Income Tax Act of India.
5. Membership: Any registered partnership firm can also become a member in its individual capacity and obtain Directorship of a Section 8 Company in India.
6. Name: Section 8 Company is not required to suffix the words Limited or Private Limited next to its registered legal name. It can be registered with certain names that have words like Club, Association, Society, Council, Charities, Foundation, Institute, Academy, Organisation, and Federation.
7. Tax Benefit: For a Section 8 Company in India, there are many tax benefits that are granted to them.
8. Credibility: Section 8 Companies generally are more reliable than all other forms of charitable organisations working in India. They are governed by the Companies Act, 2013, and are regulated very strictly. Such as the essential requirement of a mandatory annual audit, or the Memorandum of Association and Articles of Association cannot be altered at any stage or in any kind of situation. The rules on managing the day to day profits and losses of the Company make such companies more trustworthy.
Eligibility Criteria for Section 8 Company Registration in India
A person, HUF (Hindu Undivided Family) is eligible to commence a Section 8 Company in India;
For the incorporation of Section 8 Company in India, there must be at least 1 director who should be an Indian Resident in this Company;
Directors, Founders, Members Directors of the Company cannot draw any remuneration in any form of cash or kind;
2 or more individuals who will act as Directors or Shareholders should fulfil all the compliances & requirements of the Section 8 Company Registration under the Act;
The Company's objective must be one or more of the these, such as the promotion of social welfare, science, art, sports, education & financial help to lower-income groups;
No profit should be distributed to the directors & members of the Company directly or indirectly.
Basic Pre-Requirements for the Incorporation of Section 8 Company
Following are some basic requirements needed before Section 8 Company Registration:
Directors and Members: If the Section 8 Company is to be registered as a Private Limited Company, at least 2 directors are required and if the Section 8 Company is to be registered as a Public Limited Company, a minimum of 3 directors are required. The maximum number of members is 200 are required in a Private Limited Company, whereas for a Public Limited, there is no such limit.
Capital Requirement: There is no capital requirement for the Section 8 Company Registration.
Name of the Company: NGOs are established as a Section 8 Company in India no need to use the words "Limited" or "Private Limited" in their name.
Management: This Company is managed by the BoDs (Board of Directors) as per the AoA (Articles of Association) & MoA (Memorandum of Association) of the Company, unlike other trusts that the Trustees manage as per the Trust Deed.
Company's Objectives: Entities with non-profit objectives are eligible to apply for Section 8 Company Registration. Any profit generated by this Company is used to serve its underlying objectives such as charitable purposes or reinvested in the Company, and the profit of such entities is not for its members in any form.
Different Forms Required for Section Company Registration
SPICe+
Application for Incorporation
INC 12
Application for License
MoA (Memorandum of Association)
Declaration from a Practising CA
Declaration from each person making the application
License to register or incorporate as a Section 8 Company
The situation of registered office
DIR 2
Consent to Directors
Application to Registrar of Company to get DIN (Director Identification Number)
DIR 12
Appointment of Directors
Documents Required for Section 8 Company Registration
Following are some vital documents required for incorporation of Section 8 Company:
Office address proof;
Digital Signature Certificate (DSC);
Identity & resident proof of nominees & subscribers;
Articles of Association (AoA) & Memorandum of Association (MoA);
Copy of latest utility bills such as mobile bills, gas bills, electricity bills, or water bills;
Consent of Nominee (INC-3);
Identity proof & residential proof of the applicant;
Copy of Certificate of Incorporation of an overseas body corporate (if any);
A resolution was passed by the promoter company;
Declaration by the 1st director and subscriber (Affidavit not required);
Declaration of unregistered companies.
Proof of business place;
Evidence of appointment regarding the Authorised Signatory for GSTIN;
Managing Committee as well as Acceptance Letter;
Specimen Signature of Authorised Signatory for EPFO;
Authorisation Letter or Resolution copy passed by Board of Directors;
Identity proof related to Authorised Signatory for the opening of an account in a designated bank.
Procedure for the Incorporation of Section 8 Company
Step 1: Obtain DSC: First, the applicant needs to obtain a DSC; it serves as a digital tool for signing various online forms and scanned copies of documents. It is used by the authorised signatory of the Company, such as the Partners Directors, Managing Directors etc. Swarit Advisors will help you in obtaining DSC.
Step 2: File SPICe+ Form: The next vital step is to go to the MCA website and create an account. Then, the applicant is required to select SPICe+ Form and this would lead the applicant to a brief e-form which entails two parts, A & B.
Part A is for the applicant to register the Company's name and Part B of this form provides some important services such as – Company Incorporation, GSTIN Allotment, DIN Allotment, TAN & PAN Allotment, EPFO Allotment, ESIC Allotment, the opening of bank account for the Company, Professional Tax Registration (only for Maharashtra).
Step 3: Upload Vital Documents: After that, you need to upload all the vital documents mentioned above and pay the prescribed fees.
Step 4: Issuance of Certificate: If the Registrar of Company is satisfied with the forms submitted, they will issue a Certificate of Incorporation along with a Unique CIN (Company Identification Number).
Annual Compliances of Section 8 Company
Mandatory audit report;
ITR filing;
Conduct at least 2 board meetings in a year;
An annual return has to be filed every year with other e-filing forms like MGT-7;
Filing of financial statement in Form AOC-4;
Additional compliances to fulfil the registration like 80G, 12AA, etc.;
Preparation of financial statements;
Maintenance of Books of Accounts.
The Government will cancel the Section 8 Company Registration if it fails to obey the legal provisions of the Act. If the Company's objectives are conducted falsely or in violation of the objectives for which it is established, the license can be cancelled. If a company or entity defaults in complying with the provisions, the Company shall be punishable with a fine of Rs. 10 lakh and may extend to Rs. 1 crore. The Officers & Directors of the Company in default of the provisions shall be punishable with a fine not less than Rs. 25000/- which may extend to Rs. 25 lakh or both.
FAQs on Section 8 Company
Is GST applicable to a Section 8 Company?
Yes, GST is applicable to a section 8 company.
Is Section 8 Company a Public or a Private Company?
A person can incorporate a section 8 company as a public or private limited company.
Can a Section 8 Company pay Remuneration to its Director?
Yes, a section 8 company can pay remuneration to its director.
How do I convert my company to Section 8 Company?
The steps involved are Apply for Name; Application under Form RD 1; Notice in Newspaper; and Issuance of License.
How can I check if a Section 8 Company is registered or not?
One can check the status by visiting the official MCA portal.
Is there a need to appoint an Independent Director in a Section 8 Company?
No, there is no need to appoint an Independent Director.
How many directors can I appoint in my section 8 company?
There is no minimum and maximum limit prescribed for the number of directors.
Can a Section 8 Company issue Bonus Shares to its Member?
No, a Section 8 company cannot issue Bonus Shares its member.
Can I appoint a Woman Director in my section 8 company?
Yes, a section 8 company can appoint a Woman Director.
Is the requirement of Corporate Social Responsibility applicable to Section 8 Company?
Yes, section 135 of the Companies Act, i.e., CSR, is applicable to a section 8 company.
Is Secretarial Audit applicable to a Section 8 Company?
Yes, a section 8 company needs to comply with the provisions of Secretarial Audit.
Can an OPC be converted into a Section 8 Company?
No, an OPC cannot convert itself into a Section 8 Company.
Can a Partnership Firm be converted into a Section 8 Company?
Yes, a Partnership Firm can get itself converted into a Section 8 company.
Can a section 8 company maintain its books of account on a Cash basis?
No, a section 8 company cannot maintain its books of account on a Cash basis.
Is it necessary to obtain FCRA Registration to accept Foreign Contribution?
Yes, it is necessary for section 8 company to obtain FCRA Registration to accept Foreign Contribution.
Can a Section 8 company hold another company?
Yes, a section 8 company can hold another company.
Who is eligible to become a Member of section 8 company?
All types of business format except OPC can become a member in a section 8 company.
Is it mandatory to use "Private Limited" or "Limited" as a suffix in a section 8 company?
No, there is no need to use "Private Limited" or "Limited" as a suffix in a section 8 company.
Can a Section 8 company carry out Advisory and Consulting Services?
Yes, a Section 8 company can carry out Advisory and Consulting Services.
Is it allowed to undergo a Merger with a Section 8 Company?
No, one can only amalgamate with a Section 8 Company.
Can a Section 8 Company issue Redeemable Preference Shares?
No, a Section 8 Company cannot issue Redeemable Preference Shares.
Are the Provisions of Cost Audit applicable to a Section 8 Company?
Yes, the Provisions of Cost Audit are applicable to a Section 8 Company.
Are the Provisions of Internal Audit applicable to a Section 8 Company?
Yes, the Provisions of Internal Audit are applicable to a Section 8 Company.
Can a Section 8 Company extend its Objective beyond India?
Yes, a Section 8 Company can extend its Objective beyond India.
Can a Section 8 Company issue Bonus Shares to Employees?
Yes, a Section 8 company can issue Bonus Shares to Employees.


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By CBSNews.com staff CBSNews.com staff CBS June 25, 1999, 3:27 PM
A Visit To Aviano Air Base
It may sound corny, but a trip to Aviano Air Base would make any American feel proud. This is the latest weekly column for CBS.com by CBS News Sunday Morning Correspondent Rita Braver. An archive of The Braver Line is available. She can be reached by email at rbc@cbsnews.com.
It was one of those situations that made me wish I was anything but a television reporter...a bank teller perhaps, something with nice regular hours.
My crew and I arrived in Brussels, Belgium to meet up with Secretary of Defense William Cohen and his entourage as they made their first visit to U.S. forces in the Adriatic, Macedonia, and Kosovo since the end of the war.
The Cohen group was to fly in from Helsinki, where the secretary was negotiating with his Russian counterpart over how Russian troops would be integrated into the NATO peacekeeping force in Kosovo.
One big problem however: the negotiations were dragging on and on. I had come all the way across the ocean, bringing a cameraman and a sound woman with me, and if the secretary never got to Brussels there were no commercial flights that could get me anywhere to catch up with him for the rest of this trip.
My stomach started break dancing. I started calling the Pentagon and the Cohen staff in Helsinki. "He's definitely going to Brussels," everyone kept assuring me. "All the defense ministers from the NATO nations are waiting to be briefed."
The day dragged on. I stayed in my hotel room watching every channel that was broadcasting from Helsinki, no matter what language it broadcast in. I felt like a fool, too, the woman in that cartoon who says "Nuclear war! There goes my career!"
Here the secretary was trying to avert a confrontation with Russia that could take us back to the Cold War, and I was worrying about how I would explain to my executive producer that there was no "Sunday Morning Cover Story" for this week, but there were three round trip tickets to Belgium.
Finally, at 8 p.m., the inevitable word came down. "Yes, you were right after all. The secretary is not coming to Brussels." Normally I am thrilled to be right about anything, but not this time.
The good news from the point of view of my Pentagon contacts was that the U.S. and Russia had finally come to an agreement about the deployment of Russian forces. Unfortunately, there were stills "i"s to be dotted and "t"s to be crossed. Everyone would be working late, but victory was at hand.
I was very happy for the secretary. Honest. However it was all I could do to stop myself from screaming out "But What About Me?!" I stifled myself, instead asking meekly, "Is there any way we can connect with you guys?"
Not to worry. Commander Jim Fallin and Admiral Grog Johnson were on the case. Before you could say Supreme Allied Commander in Europe, they hitced us a ride on the SACEUR's plane from Belgium to Aviano Air Base. We were to be carried as excess baggage by General Wesley Clark.
This is a long and admittedly egocentric way of telling you that I was mightily impressed by the straightforward efficiency of the U.S. Military that I saw all along the way. There didn't seem to be much bureaucracy or bull. People knew what needed to be done, and just did it.
On his plane, General Clark was friendly and justifiably proud about what the forces under his command had accomplished. He was also openly worried about the dangers ahead. At Camp Monteith, the brand new outpost of the 26th Marine Expeditionary Unit, a new tent city had been erected in a sea of mud. But the Marines were so clean they sparkled in the Balkan sun, and so gung ho their very demeanor sent out "don't mess with us" vibes. They liked the idea that they were trying to make the world safe for democracy. At Camp Able Sentry in Skopje, Macedonia I struck up a conversation with a table full of nurses. Were they nervous? No, just happy to be there.
Secretary Cohen had a few security guys traveling with him, but they didn't shove people out of the way or block the SECDEF, as they call him, from soldiers, sailors or marines who wanted to come up and chat. A lot of them did. Most just talked about the missions they'd been on or where they were from, but a few complained openly about their pay. Cohen told them he was working on it.
Aboard the USS Theodore Roosevelt, we listened in as Rear Admiral Winston "Mad Dog" Copland, with a wonderful command of military lexicon, briefed the secretary on missions that had been flown from the air craft carrier.
"The weather spanked us good," he said, but went on to brag about how his pilots had "shacked" their targets. "The challenge was that we had never done this before, never done close air support from 24 and 25,000 feet," he explained. But the old F-14 "as it turned out was the most effective close air support fac."
Cohen beamed: "Job well done."
I felt kind of proud myself.
Later the secretary talked with me about his concern that except in times of crisis, most Americans don't appreciate all that our fighting men and women do: "We're in a different time and era now, where the American people don't see a Soviet Union, they don't see a visible threat on the horizon, even though it's a very, very dangerous world. Technology that is spreading so rapidly...the lack of a central control over weapons of mass destruction, proliferation of these weapons, all of that I think is not on the minds of most Americans day in and day out. "
Cohen said he'd made this trip to call attention to "what extraordinary men and women are serving us...how professional, patriotic and committed and dedicated they are and the pressures that they have to operate on."
Indeed, a few days after we returned from osovo, when Serbs opened fire at a check point, it did not surprise me that in a few seconds the Marines, taking no casualties themselves, had completely dominated the situation, killing one of the attackers.
Of course it won't always turn out this well for our side. But if discipline and preparation have anything to do with it, the American armed forces are going to prevail. It may sound like a corny line from a World War II movie, but there is something about that "Can Do Attitude" that makes a grateful civilian like me stand up and salute.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


You can play as an anonymous guest or sign up or log into facebook to play a real player.
There are so many "Guest" playing, you wont find it hard to find someone.
Use the mouse to click on the stick, aim and then set the power (on the bottom on the screen). When everything is - ok - pull back on the stick to shoot.


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Approved Characters (Moderators: ecksdeeeXD, FunkyMonkey, jjb2158, Rush, Xarias Fury, Vision, Moth) »
Johannah Mary Salem
Author Topic: Johannah Mary Salem (Read 907 times)
Frankenstein Joe
Name: Johannah Mary Salem
Species and Gender: Cow Faunus Female
Occupation: Third Year Bacon Student
Appearance: Johannah has the appearance of a small girl at 5'7 with a disproportionately large hammer. Having a short haircut,her fringe has been left to grow to such an extent that it covers her mixed eyes, with her right being blue and left, gold. The heterochromia in question being due to mosaicism. Otherwise, she prefers to wear white combat dresses styled after wedding dresses, this is both in and out of combat. She also has a pair of stylised earphones designed to look like tesla coils, used to muffle the sound of her gun when being fired. Lastly, while in combat she tends to wear a pair of plate bracers so that she can protect her forearms from cutting weaponry.
History: Born to Claude Desdemona And Maria Salem, she was born a bastard and abandoned with her mother. Not having a father figure in her life because of this, she was raised by her single mother with a minimal material wealth, often going to the degree of sowing up her clothing if it broke instead of buying a replacement.
This life continued on until she was Ten. On her way back from school, she arrived home to find it covered in police tape and a blood covered construction digger trying to play hide and seek in her front room without going through the door, deciding the wall was fine too. With this accident, Hannah became a ward of the state. Sent to live with her father, Claude, she quickly came to hold a disdain for him and her new brother, Vermillion. This was due to the luxury of the household, especially so when compared to her mother.
Spiteful of both the fact that her alleged birth father hadn't done more to help her mother, as well as clearly favoring her true-born brother to the point of barely considering her his daughter, she quickly grew to hate them, to the point of enrolling in the same Hunter's academy as her half-brother both to learn how to fight and help the poor like her mother, but also so she could bully him, regularly fighting him whenever she could get the chance. Of course, as soon as she'd get home the tables would turn and she'd get punished, but it didn't stop her feeling better about herself from causing him pain.
Over the years until her test to get into Beacon, Johannah had mellowed to the point of only periodically going overboard during training at Signal, while also defending him if someone else tried bullying him with the excuse "Because it made her look weak". When the entrance exams came up, she decided to take them. Not just so she could prove to everyone that she was the better child, but so that she could see the look on her father's face when she passed the entrance exams and he didn't.
Unfortunately, not only was he successful in passing the exams, same as her, but he was placed on her team with her. This caused the old hatreds to flare back up, to the point of doing rather creepy practices such as watching him sleep to contemplate how she could kill him and how to get away with it and nearly exclusively choosing him as a sparring partner just so she can try and hurt him more and more, now that their father isn't there to save him.
Personality: Due to her treatment by her father, she's resistant to being given orders. If it didn't fit with what she wanted, she politely declines. If that fails, she tells them more bluntly to get lost. She's also rather aggressive when it comes to someone pitying her, taking it as an offense if they even state it as a good match if she lost. Otherwise, she is perfectly happy to speak to someone until they press one of the two buttons, shutting them down like a fed hero.
Aura and Semblance:
Her semblance is the ability to use her aura as a barrier. Forming in the shape of concentric octagons. Much stronger than the standard aura shielding all humans and faunus have, it is capable of blocking weapon strikes or ranged fire. It is also capable of being used offensively to push, pull or otherwise assault them. However, there is a maximum range of five meters for the semblance, and the octagon can only be at most one meter large. She is also consigned to being able to make 10 of these barriers at the same time, each being 30cm large, and 10cm deep, with it being capable of using dust from a foci to augment the effects. For example one using fire dust would have both increased resistance to fire, and augment the shields blunt force usage to cause flames as well.
Combat Behavior:
As expected from someone who wields a hammer larger than them coupled with an autocannon, Hannah relies on shock and awe and is a natural opponent to slow or armored individuals. However, that is not to say she's a slow attacker. Her speed with her weapon belies its weight, capable of deflecting attacks from polearms due to all the training she did with her sibling. However, much closer weaponry such as knives are more difficult to defend against, having to block them with her bracers, something which normally ends with a lot of cuts around the edges of said armour.
Name: Death's Dance
Primary Form: Sledgehammer. Looking like a standard warhammer. It is designed to look sci-fi in nature down the pommel and hilt. Weighing in at 2kg, it is 6ft long and capable of ruining most peoples days.
Secondary Form: The weapon's ranged form is that of a M61 Vulcan. The barrel being between the two hammerheads and the trigger popping out from the handle at the bottom of the sledgehammer. For added stability if needed, a tripod also extends from the head of the hammer to allow for prone usage, and the ammunition is stored inside an open-able compartment by the handle.
Tertiary Form: None.
Dust Functions: Using kinetic Dust. A field generator, which is located in the head, emits a kinetic pulse with a 5m radius on its head. This is used to do shock wave damage to both the enemy and the environment.
Electricity Dust. This electrifies both the hammer and the shaft of the weapon, for added defense and offense capabilities. The electricity can also be shot off from the face of either side of the hammer head in a 5m distance beam.
Lastly, Death's Dance is capable of using wind dust. This is used mainly in conjunction with its ranged form to stop the hammer flying out of her hands when the trigger is pulled. Other than that, it has no other purposes.
Designed while at Signal to use her mixture of strength and proficiency at using everyday tools, she slowly expanded on it by adding in things such as the dust as she became more and more used to it, to the point of it being less of "Death's Dance" to "Death's Dance version 20".
http://rwby-rpg.rwbyfanon.com/index.php/topic,428.0.html - Johannah Mary Salem
http://rwby-rpg.rwbyfanon.com/index.php/topic,945.msg11277/boardseen.html#new - Abigail
Aoife 'Fire Kitty' Ridire - Team ALGA
Xarias Fury
TWo MilKmen go comedy
Re: Johannah Mary Salem
Transfer moved.
Wisteria Lockheart - 1st Year student at Beacon. "Don't make me throw a book at you"
Shiroe Pendragon - 1st Year Student at beacon - "This is my monochrome reality" - Team MARS
Lavender du Lac - 1st Year Student at Haven - "The harder I try the further things drift away." Team RWND
Ayaka Miyamoto - 1st Year student at Beacon. "Tsubame Gaeshi!" - Team ALIA
Vermilion Desdemona - 3rd Year Student at Beacon - "Only time you'd be above me is when your head rests on my pike"
Talen de L'eglantine - 3rd Year Student at Beacon
Kei Almas - 4th Year Student at Beacon - "Everything is ripe for the taking!"
Aurum LeBlanc - 3rd Year Student at Atlas - "Lay back, take it easy, and watch the comedy unfold"
Professor William Nox - "To contain the world in a grain of dust *EXPOROSION*


Our client is one of the multinational computer software company focused on Multimedia & Creativity. They currently have need for a Technical Cloud Project Manager to work from their San Jose, CA office.
We can't wait to see your resume! Please apply below with your most current resume and anything else you'd like us to know about you – commute preferences, desired work environments, etc. You should also feel free to email Bhavana Mathur (bhavana.m@maxonic.com) or call 408-400-2297.


Vodafone Rs 35 Plan : Everything You Need to Know!
Indian telecom industry titans Vodafone and Airtel have recently decided to tone down the number of customers who use minimal recharge packs monthly to just enjoy incoming calls without using the sim for outgoing calls. Because of this, almost 200 million 2G sim cards across India are going to get disconnected soon. Vodafone has taken such drastic measures to get rid of users who recharge with less than Rs 35 per month.
Vodafone proclaimed that they had to endure losses due to inactive customers, so they decided to get rid of those customers and they also announced that their new decision would not dent their economy. Vodafone customers across India have been receiving messages about the newly revised policy of company which states that the user has to recharge with minimum amount plan (in this case RS 35 plan) or with any of the unlimited plan recharge in order to continue using Vodafone services.
Vodafone anyways introduced new Rs 35 recharge plan which is the minimum pack which offers 28 days validity. The pack offers Rs 26 talk time, 100 MB 2G/3G data valid for 28 days. Current users who wish to continue using Vodafone services even for incoming calls have to recharge with any of the recharge packs available (Rs 35 pack is the lowest value pack available on Vodafone right now) failing which the Vodafone services will be discontinued.


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Anita Miron: Navigating Life as a Mom of Kids with Special Needs
Interviewee: Anita Miron | Published on July 16, 2020 | 8 Minute Read
Meghana Repaka, one of our founders, had the pleasure of interviewing Anita Miron, a social media influencer, a business owner, and a mother of two children with special needs. Read the article below to learn more about her journey and experiences!
Interviewee: Anta Miron
Interviewed by: Meghana Repaka
Editor: Meghana Repaka
1.Tell me a little bit about your family and your children?
So I am 34 years old; when I got pregnant in 2012, I was 24. I have an eight-year-old daughter and a three-year-old son who is adopted. Both of my kids have special needs, but are beyond incredible. I also own and run a multi-million dollar business from my house with my husband. The both of us raise our kids and are partners in my business as well.
2.So what made you decide to specifically pursue adopting a special needs kid or was that not a conscious decision?
It was a conscious decision. In 2016 I became pregnant with my son Jack and we found out at 20 weeks that he had Down syndrome. At first we were devastated and it's embarrassing to say but we were.We were very sad, desperate and quite honestly ignorant to what Down syndrome even meant for us or what that was like. So I spent my entire pregnancy in 2016 interviewing other parents who had kids with Down Syndrome so that I could get an understanding of what I was getting myself into. I met with lots of kids with Down Syndrome. I volunteered at a few special needs schools just to get around kids with Down syndrome and I quickly learned in that six-month period how incredible kids with Down Syndrome are. They have such incredible hearts, they were so happy and so loving. So when we went through that Journey we became excited about Jack and about being able to guide him through life. Unfortunately, at 32 weeks I could not feel him kicking and he had passed away. After that loss, I went on to lose another son at 20 weeks who did not have special needs. After that second loss I decided that I wanted to adopt.
We'd already wanted to adopt for a very long time, but we didn't know if we were cut out for special needs until we had mentally pushed ourselves as parents of a child with special needs. Initially during the adoption journey we did not want to move forward with the special needs situation, but as the adoption journey unfolded for us, we started to see how flawed the adoption system can be, especially with private domestic adoption. You are spending a lot of money just to be connected with the child. There's probably 30 to 40 applications per infant and I didn't feel like we were being called to adopt somebody who really needed it and so we switched our file and got approved for special needs adoption. A week from that approval we found out about Warren. Warren was in the NICU at Levine Children's Hospital in North Carolina and had been there for a month and they were having trouble finding a family that was special needs approved that would be willing to take on such a drastic case. We were notified about him, but didn't ask questions. We were like, okay, we're getting in the car and we just drove from Michigan to North Carolina and decided right then and there that we were going to adopt him. At that time he was diagnosed with ACC which is the genesis of the corpus callosum, which is a very rare brain disorder. It is not something you are going to hear about a lot at least I never did. So we got a very big file about Warren's special needs and we kind of just ignored it and we just kind of went with the flow of really just understanding him and getting to know him .He turned out to be just the most amazing kid. All while this was happening we were also learning that my now eight year old has ADHD. That was a huge turning point for us in regards to adopting another child with special needs. Now that we had already established ourselves as parents of a child with special needs, we felt strong going forward with another situation.So three years later we are doing really well and he's doing amazing.
3.What would you say is the most challenging aspect of raising kids with special needs ?
With my kids we didn't start to see the special needs until later on in life. Scarlett, who's 8, has ADHD. We didn't start to really notice that it was ADHD until she was being asked to be removed from preschools. We were first-time parents with her and therefore had no idea that her behavior was different from any other toddler. She was quite unorganized,very emotional, very hyperactive and couldn't really follow through with tasks without being handheld. It was when we put her into a preschool, professionals were reaching out to us saying that they thought that she needs to be examined for ADHD. At first we were really hesitant and scared. We didn't want to go through the process of putting her on medications. My husband actually was diagnosed as a child, but he hasn't really dealt with it much as an adult. So what was challenging for us was accepting what other professionals were saying about our child and accepting to give ourselves grace as parents and not taking it too hard. I think at first we were very hard on ourselves. We thought that the issues that she was having with ADHD in those first few years was a product of our parenting. We learned that we had to be more educated about ADHD, we learned that it was definitely a brain disorder or a chemical brain dysfunction, it wasn't anything that we could have done and so it was more about forgiving ourselves as parents. So what we dealt with Scarlet, we were starting to see that with Warren. What we see is a lot of emotional outbursts speaking before thinking, hitting, slapping, pushing, basically a lot of violent behavior and constantly needing to be walked through every single task. That is very challenging, especially when we both have a business that we run from home. Fortunately, we make our own schedule. I think the major thing is grace towards each other as parents. The kids behaviors are not learned; it's not something that they picked up from school from our parenting or television. It's because they are not fully developed in certain areas. Typical children are developed. So we have to stay understanding and patient and that's really hard when you have a full-time business and two kids, but we've been making it work.
4.What about the most rewarding aspect?
Well, I mean being a mom is the best job in the world. I love being a mom and I am speaking about the challenges, but I don't view my day-to-day as hard. I don't view it as a challenge. I'm not sitting here complaining or saying. "Oh my gosh, this is so hard." It's just my reality and it's what I've accepted to be my reality. I love my children so much that I wouldn't want it any other way. I want them exactly how they are and I just want to be there to help them navigate life and to develop into well functioning adults. The most rewarding is that both of my kids are very loving, they are very emotional and very sensitive. I also get to see some of the things that they do that are just amazing. My daughter is brilliant. She has tested way off the charts in math and spatial awareness and learning. She is just brilliant with art and engineering and projects and things like that. She can play a million hours of video games and crush every level and just be simply amazing at it, but she can't tie her shoes. So it's just that she is so good at one thing, but might not do well on something else. Regardless it is really rewarding to watch her sore and do what she is good at.
5.You run a full time business. So how do you find the balance between personal and family time and then running a full time business and doing YouTube as well?
It's really hard. I am a time management holic. I have every part of my day blocked off. Every single minute of my day is organized. Now fortunately my husband does pick up the slack with house duties and we only do one YouTube video a week so it doesn't take a ton of our time. My husband has a film degree from Full Sail University so he edits all of our videos for my Beachbody business. Fortunately I've only ever had to work part-time hours with my business so we do kind of work in pockets and time around naptime and then when they go to bed at 8 o'clock at night, I'm back to working so I'm either working or parenting.
6.So what made you want to start a YouTube channel and document your life on this platform?
Well it started originally, eight years ago when I started my Beachbody business and I wanted to use YouTube as a way to educate my team. So I was building a team and I was originally just talking on YouTube about what was working for me and I ended up building a pretty big following within our community and as time progressed I saw YouTube as a way for my followers and my team to get to know me personally because everything I do is virtual. Since everything about my business is online it is really hard to personally connect with somebody and understand who they are so YouTube has given me that platform to be myself and for people to understand me. It has also given me a platform to talk about mental health issues and special needs.
7.Do you have any advice that you would like to share with parents who are thinking of adopting or adopting kids with special needs or just in general for parents who have special needs kids?
Advice for parents with special needs kids first. I'll say that give yourself grace. It is okay to make mistakes. It is okay to fumble as a parent. I have come into so many situations where I throw my hands in the air and said I give up. I've cried on my knees praying that things would get better. I've gone through so many emotional ups and downs and I had a whole chapter where I blamed myself for what was happening to my children, but there really isn't anything you can do to change what's happening with your child. As far as the disorder you can't make it go away unless of course you use medication and things like that, but I've had to accept what has happened with my child and to recognize the strengths and recognize where we need to work in regards to challenges. For example, my daughter almost failed kindergarten and first grade. I blamed myself that I wasn't good enough of a mom. I was doing my best,I was doing everything that I could, but once I started to forgive myself and just lean in and listen to my doctors and do research I was able to kind of go about it with a more clear mind. Now if you are looking to adopt a child with special needs. My advice would be to research the heck out of the disorder and interview other children and families who deal with that specific challenge. A lot of people adopt a special needs child because they feel like they have some sort of purpose. Purpose to fulfill and that can be dangerous because it is a huge thing you are taking on. Almost like a lifelong passion project. You have to be willing to decide that this is for life and you have to be willing to make sacrifices. Be ready to have your entire world flipped upside down completely because it will change everything. I will say that since I adopted Warren as an infant, I was exposed to his needs gradually which was definitely helpful.
8. My nonprofit works with special-needs kids and our motto is to have interactive and hands-on activities because we feel like that's going to spark an interest within them. So how important is that in your day-to-day life and are the things that you do with your kids very interactive.
Yes. So my daughter is eight. She does go to school full-time right now, but of course with Covid and everything she is not in school. We do a ton of sensory projects. She plays with kinetics and she builds with Kinetic dirt. We make slime a lot and she can play with slime for hours on end. She loves to paint, she has an easel in a room and we're always doing paint projects. I know this may sound for a lot of parents counterintuitive and counterproductive. But as a family we believe that video games have been a really big help to her socially. She's made a lot of friends her age from her video games and she's able to use so many parts of her brain that she doesn't otherwise use. She has trouble with problem solving and a lot of consequences with life like for example sitting down and doing math homework. There are no consequences initially to not doing your math homework, but with something like Animal Jam or Roblox there's immediate consequences. So for a child with ADHD, they need that immediate consequence because they have no foresight in the future. For example, if you don't do your math homework, you're not going to college is a consequence of that action, but she doesn't see that far in advance like we do but with video games she's able to pour her intellect into something and have immediate consequences. Warren at the moment he just does a lot of normal toddler stuff. He has one major interest above everything and doesn't look to anything else and that is monster trucks. He plays with monster trucks 24/7 and knows every Monster Jam monster truck. We've watched all the Monster Jam videos on YouTube. He is obsessed with cars and trucks. We even bought a Ford F-150 just because he loves trucks so much. So we're always talking to him about the trucks and their specific names.
9. I heard that it's really common to have a therapist when you have a special needs kids. Is that the case for you?
Yes, so we were assigned one for Warren. It's called early on I'm not sure if it's the same thing elsewhere. But with early on he was given a representative at birth and so every few months they come in and kind of assess where Warren is in his needs. Just recently he was approved for special education. He does have a lot of challenges in regards to balance and things like that and the biting and the hitting so we do have a therapist that comes for speech and spatial awareness and for just basic walking and climbing the stairs. Scarlet has what's called an IEP, which is just a basic special plan at her school. She sees a speech therapist and a reading specialist every day while she's at school. She actually has been told at one point she had a high school level math understanding, however she is so far behind in reading that she's reading at a kindergarten level as she was going into third grade. So that's the thing with autism or ADHD. You will see them do well in one thing because they're passionate about it but not really pay as much attention to things that they're not passionate about. So for reading and writing she has somebody that helps her with that every day.
10. How important is it to you to spread awareness and find Common Ground within the special needs Community?
I use my Instagram as my face to talk a lot about social awareness and social issues in regards to mental health and being a female in today's society and then also with parenting special needs children. It's important to me to share that journey because I know I felt very alone in the beginning. There's this thing called mom guilt that a lot of us moms get and I carried a lot of that with me for a while and it kind of drove me into depression. I felt really bad for my daughter, especially when she was four or five because that's when it all started to unfold. She came out of that toddler phase and remained a toddler at 4 or 5 years old. I had depression and anxiety around that because I felt like I had let her down. My goal as a mom and as a social-media influencer is to raise awareness around how common these issues are. Also for parents to realize that with ADHD, yes, there are behavioral therapies and things that you can do to help guide a child through a typical life, but what they're dealing with is cognitive, genetic or brain-based that's not something that you can blame yourself for. So it's important as a mom to understand that it's no one's fault. In fact ADHD can be a blessing. You are now able to help them remain active and guide the child to do something that they're passionate about.
Anita Miron
Anita Miron is a social media influencer, business owner, and the mother of two kids with special needs. In her interview with Embracing Special Needs she talks about her adoption journey, balance between work and personal time, and how important it is for her to raise awareness. She also touches upon the challenges and rewarding aspects of being a mother to a daughter with ADHD and a son with ACC. Read the interview above to learn more about her and her family.


We've daydreamed about the day wandering the beach and discovering a bottle washed ashore with a message stuffed inside. It's a romantic and historic dream of many who live near or have access to beaches. Now you can actually make that dream come true with this amazing Message In A Bottle USB Drive. Think about that for a moment. With the technology of today, it couldn't be easier to stick a message inside of a glass container than this unique item.
This bottle is not your ordinary bottle. It is empty and has a cork top. But built into that cork top is a 8GB USB drive. See if you follow us here: you download some data onto the cork thumb drive and store it in the bottle. Now you have a message in a bottle. It couldn't be any easier and what a great way to bring the idea of a washed up bottle with a message in it to life. You'll want to get one of these for yourself and for a friend for sure.
Call it unique and interesting if you will but we find it to be a great spin on the classic tale. In other words, thanks to the new technology we use daily, we can now put a contemporary spin on the romantic idea of a message stuffed inside of a bottle. This stunning-looking bottle will sit tall on your desk or on a shelf quietly reminding you that there is a message or two living comfortably on the USB cork flash drive!


text:
package org.apache.jena.reasoner.rulesys.impl;

import org.apache.jena.graph.Triple;
import org.apache.jena.reasoner.TriplePattern ;

/* */
public class TopLevelTripleMatchFrame extends GenericChoiceFrame {

    /** The last returned triple */
    protected Triple lastMatch;

    /** An iterator over triples matching a goal */
    SafeTripleIterator matchIterator;

    /** Used for debug/tracing only */
    protected TriplePattern goal;

    /**
     * Constructor.
     * Initialize the triple match to preserve the current context of the given
     * LPInterpreter and search for the match defined by the current argument registers
     * @param interpreter the interpreter instance whose env, trail and arg values are to be preserved
     */
    public TopLevelTripleMatchFrame(LPInterpreter interpreter, TriplePattern goal) {
        init(interpreter);
        this.matchIterator = new SafeTripleIterator(interpreter, goal);
        this.goal = goal;
    }

    /**
     * Find the next result triple and bind the result vars appropriately.
     * @param interpreter the calling interpreter whose trail should be used
     * @return false if there are no more matches in the iterator.
     */
    public boolean nextMatch(LPInterpreter interpreter) {
        if (matchIterator.hasNext()) {
            lastMatch = matchIterator.next();
            return true;
        } else {
            return false;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Override close method to reclaim the iterator.
     */
    @Override
    public void close() {
        if (matchIterator != null) matchIterator.close();
        super.close();

    }

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Most likely, any potting soil you buy at the big box stores will have some form of manure in it. I guess it's possible you can find some mixes that don't include manure but it's rare. That's why for my own peace of mind I always just make my own mixes. There are many veganic ingredients that can be used in potting soil mixes.
Coconut Coir – This is the eco-friendly alternative to peat moss. It's the shredded husks of coconuts. It comes in compressed bricks that expand many times their size into fluffy fiberous bits when soaked in water. It's kind of like those magic growing capsules you might of played with as a kid. These are easy to ship so can easily be ordered online if you can't find them locally.
Worm castings – Yes, they're considered vegan but this has to be researched carefully because you will need to know what the worms were fed and most likely it's manure. It's almost impossible to be sure so I make my own.
Compost – Any well aged compost will work but of course it can't contain manure.
Pine Bark – This can be used to add bulk to help fill larger containers cheaply.
Perlite – When you need a well draining and airy soil use this.
Sand – Use this to add extra drainage. Be careful what sand you use. I used construction sand in a couple of my raised beds once and the sand was infected with root knot nematodes, anything growing in those beds looks pathetic now.
Kelp Meal– A good source of nitrogen, potash and trace minerals. Use this sparingly.
Rock Dust – Contains minerals and trace minerals. Use this sparingly. Think of this as a multivitamin for your plants.
Green Sand – Another good source of potash and trace minerals. Use this sparingly.
Here are some basic recipes for soil mixes to get you started.
This entry was posted in Uncategorized on March 8, 2013 by admin.
Sweet Marjoram growing in a terracotta pot.
There are many kinds of marjoram. My favorite is, Origanum majorana or Sweet Marjoram.
There's nothing like the bright, warm scent of a fresh sprig of sweet marjoram rubbed between your hands. In my opinion it rivals even the most expensive smelling cologne. With that fragrance, it seems like it shouldn't work in cooking, but somehow it does.
Sweet marjoram gives boring white beans a savory richness and is also said to help with flatulence, a perfect pair! I love to add it to spaghetti sauce for the sweet herbaceous note that makes everyone ask, "what do you put in your sauce to make it so good?" Another favorite pairing is with roasted winter vegetables. As I cut pieces off for cooking, I trim up the dead leaves and twigs while shaping it into a neat compact form. This creates a fuller and healthier plant.
I've found that the best way to grow sweet marjoram is in a container. Anytime I've ever grown it in the garden the weeds devour it before it's had time to establish itself. Just remember to check to see if it needs watering daily and to give it a liquid seaweed fertilizer, bi-weekly. If you do grow it, compare it to the dried stuff from the grocery store in a bottle and you'll see what you've been missing.
Sweet Marjoram doesn't like cold weather. That's another good reason to grow it in a container. I bring it inside during late fall, and put it in a nice sunny spot somewhere in the house. During late winter my plant can start to look ragged but I just remember that spring will be back around soon and I can start all over again.
Try My Vegan Cookbook's Herbalicious Butternut Squash Soup.
This entry was posted in Uncategorized on March 6, 2013 by admin.


The subject matter of documentary photography has infinite possibilities; disasters and poverty are not its only objective, yet one of the most prevalent. While it might not convey the entire story, documentary photographers are able to influence the public and broaden the viewer's experience by showing unseen aspects of society. Furthermore, photographers share the belief that a photograph can disclose information in the most faithful way. But what is the real effect of these depictions? What is the effect of taking and showing the pictures of war, corpses, torn bodies or any kinds of violence against humanity? From my point of view, documentarians aspire to represent relative truth to the best of their ability and their pictures have managed to affect people's attitudes. The focus of the essay will be on the influence of agony in photographs. I would like to investigate whether the brutality of war could be diminished for viewers by seeing pictures of war, whether depicting the pain of others is unethical and ineffective. Is it moral for the photographers to take or even to show these so called sorrowful pictures? Isn't it their duty to record every aspect of our lives? To test this boundary, I will analyze some samples of war pictures taken by documentary photographers such as Christopher Morris, Lana Slezic, Louie Palu and Nina Berman.
The twentieth century was a golden age for photojournalism. Photographers were able to use small portable cameras and more light sensitive films as a result of the technology that was developing rapidly through scientific revolution. Consequently, photographers could approach battlefields to capture impressive shots. Photographically illustrated magazines were in high demand and people were experiencing a novel approach to war through those photos. Ritchin (1988) describes: " For the reader, the experience of being exposed to such life-like representations of events one had never seen could be intense." Photography allowed people to experience what was going on beyond their restricted routines such that they eventually learned not only by reading, but also by exploring these photo-essays. Magazines were claiming that they were going to represent the truth about the world. Panzer (2008) writes: "… Capa told the writer John Hersey that a "great picture" could be "cut of the whole event [so that it] will show more of the real truth of the affair to someone who was not there than the whole scene. When Capa rushed pictures of Omaha Beach back to Life's London office, he was bringing "real truth" to an audience that had no other way to see it." It has gradually become common for newspapers to publish war photographs; earlier it would have been restrained, as it was perceived as too shocking.
Source: (Figure1), Nina Berman, Marine Wedding, 2006.
These pictures make us eager to listen. They speak powerfully, as only pictures can, for themselves. How will history remember Ty Ziegel 's wedding pictures? The intensity of these pictures is undeniable. However diverse the viewers' political opinions, the images are a bleak and complicated anti-war statement. The groom's obscure look is a metaphor for the all the ways that war alters people's life.
Sontag (2003) writes: "Harrowing photographs do not inevitably lose their power to shock. But they are not much help if the task is to understand. Narratives can make us understand. Photographs do something else: they haunt us." No wonder the viewer is shocked by looking at Berman's photos, facing this sad truth is so hard that one may not immediately determine if the wedding is real or not. Although one manages to recover from the initial shock eventually, bitterness of this reality does not fade away easily. Awakening sleeping hearts, shaking up the brain, and encouraging viewers to think about possible problems are what an impressive documentary can do. It would be difficult to remain calm and insensible when viewing one. By seeing these pictures one remembers how deep war terrors can be, and how it can ruin our body and soul.
The project on Afghan Women by Lana Slezic is an impressive investigation to capture the truth. In this project, Slezic concentrated on the women of a country at war. While on most occasions, the international media might claim that the liberation of Afghani women and the process of democracy in Afghanistan has been advanced, Slezic claims that in fact little has changed and that Afghani women, specifically in rural areas, are still subject to forced marriages and abuse; many are not allowed to leave their houses without a male companion. Afghani women's pictures show the tragedy of their wretchedness and oppression. Admittedly these illustrations help viewers to understand their situation.
Source: (Figure 2), Lana Slezic, Afghan Women, Afghanistan, 2007.
Source: (Figure 3), Lana Slezic, Afghan Women, Afghanistan, 2007.
This shocking picture of a twenty year-old Afghani woman, Zahra, tells the story of self immolation in Herat province which is a fairly common method of suicide attempt among women (Figure.3).
There are still a huge number of landmines which have been left behind from the fighting between the Taliban and Mujahideen in the region. Sabza Gul lost both her legs when she stepped on a landmine in a small village near Bagram (Figure.4). The desire to live and keeping up with daily house chores, even without using artificial legs, demonstrate the integrity of human desires to fight against calamities. Seeing these kinds of pictures moves viewers, as they encourage us to think about how significant it is to confront these disasters.
Source: (Figure 4), Lana Slezic, Afghan Women, Afghanistan, 2007.
Source: (Figure 5), Christopher Morris, Americans, 2012.
This picture, from the series of Afghanistan: The Fighting Season, taken by Palu, is undeniably a shot for the record to illustrate the brutality of war: the shredded and removed leg of an Afghani civilian security guard after stepping on a landmine planted by rebels (Figure.6). Although seeing this kind of photographs is excessively irritating, its capability of indicating the depiction of war is not comparable with any narration. Sontag (2003) indicates: "Photographs of the suffering and martyrdom of a people are more than reminders of death, of failure, of victimization. They invoke the miracle of survival." The intelligible justification for recording these pictures is its duty to the discipline of documentation: to be regarded as historical evidence. Although historians, as always, write and archive history, a visual document leaves a very efficient and stirring impression. In fact, because of the unique abilities of the camera, photographers are able to record the truth, make it everlasting, and provide us the opportunity to dig into history, to investigate it, and to learn about the past.
Source: (Figure6), Louie Palu, Afghanistan: The Fighting Season, 2009.
Source: (Figure 7) Louie Palu, Afghanistan: The Fighting Season, 2009.
Source: (Figure 8) Richard Johnson, Portraits of War, 2003.
On one hand it is painful to look at these representations as they are not pleasant. On the other hand our curiosity to learn about the event persuades us to explore them entirely. The photographs of misery have a dual modality. Human beings have innumerable range of characteristics and features. Some are inherent, some are formed through experiences and some are developed through wisdom and insight. One of the most fundamental of these human features is that of curiosity. Humans are naturally inquisitive and their curiosity is rooted in their never-ending desire to ask, explore, investigate and learn. As this emotion represents a drive to know new things, curiosity is a major driving force behind scientific research and other disciplines of human study. In fact, in its development as amazement and admiration, it is generally curiosity that makes a person want to become an expert in a field of knowledge. I suggest that individuals are interested in observing visual components, in this case photographs, to investigate the truth according to their curiosity.
To conclude, during the history of photography, the camera gained acceptance as a powerful tool and the photograph became a reliable and accurate visual reporter for almost every purpose. Therefore, documentary photographers were able to influence the public. Even though illustrating tortures and pains of others is neither pleasant nor easy–whether one pictures them or one merely looks upon them–it is essential to record any significant event around the world, in order to make the invisible visible. These pictures are able to influence people's attitudes and they can become a powerful weapon for social improvement. Thus, even with the narrow possibility of a neutral reaction, publishing these photographs is still imperative.
The nature of man's curiosity has made him reflect upon higher purposes and discover deeper meanings in things, going beyond what these apparently seem to be. By exploring photo-essays an individual can discover the truth visually. This is why photographs taken from wars, prisoners, torn bodies of so-called misery photographs are inexorably prominent. Even though we merely see what the photographer has presented for us to see and suffering is viewed third hand, this is no less common in other kinds of art such as literature. Sontag is hardly in good faith when she notes: "It is always the image that someone chose; to photograph is to frame, and to frame is to exclude" But this is exactly what a writer does, picking the right words to narrate a story and what we read is actually a framed version of the writer's original opinions. As one reads tragic writings about unfortunate events happening all around the world and one is undoubtedly affected by them, one could learn from misery photographs as well as one is affected by them. Berman, Morris, Palu and Slezic all use their cameras to demonstrate a challenging topic. Their depictions give us a close shot of the layered brutality of war.
I suggest that revealing the viciousness of any kinds of violence against humanity is extremely important. Depiction of the pain of others can raise social consciousness to react against atrocity. Though I have been critical of Sontag at times, she does rightly say: "Making suffering loom larger, by globalizing it, may spur people to feel they ought to 'care' more." Still, she seems not to run a risk, by continuing: "It also invites them to feel that the sufferings and misfortunes are too vast, to irrevocable, to epic to be much changed by any local political intervention." The impact of photographs is highly important since it is imprinted on our minds. Here, Sontag writes: "The pictures will not go away." For this reason, I would maintain that it doesn't matter if we write or we prefer to take pictures, we should be able to talk about the truth as loudly as we can, in the hopes that some will care.
1. Fred Ritchin, "Close Witness: The Involvement of the Photojournalist" A New History of Photography, Michel Frizot, (Konemann, 1988), 593.
2. Mary Panzer, "Iraq War Veterans." (Aperture,191, Summer, 2008),76-81.
3. John Berger, "Photographs of Agony."About Looking, (Pantheon Books, 1980), 39.
4. Mary Panzer,"Iraq War Veterans." Aperture, 191, Summer, 2008.
5. Susan Sontag, Regarding the Pain of Others, (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2003), 89.
6. Susan Sontag, Regarding the Pain of Others, (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2003), 89.
Selected Writing, 1975-2001. (Cambridge, Massachusetts & London: The MIT Press, 2004), 189.
8. Lana Slezic, " lanaslezic.com.", Last modified 2006, http://www.lanaslezic.com.
9. Susan Sontag, On Photography. (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2001), 23.
10. Mary Panzer, "Iraq War Veterans." Aperture,191, Summer, 2008.
12. Susan Sontag, Regarding the Pain of Others, (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2003), 87.
14. Susan Sontag, Regarding the Pain of Others, (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2003), 22.
15. Susan Sontag, On Photography. (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2001), 6.
16. Susan Sontag, Regarding the Pain of Others, (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2003), 46.
17. Susan Sontag, Regarding the Pain of Others, (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2003), 22.
19. Susan Sontag, "Reading the Torture of Others." In Susan Sontag: At the Same Time, Essays and Speeches. (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2007),130.
Berger, John. "Photographs of Agony." About Looking, No.191, Pantheon Books, 1980, 37-40.
modified 5,24,2010. Accessed April 15, 2012, http://www.vqronline.org .
Newhall, Beaumont. The History of Photography. New York: The Museum of Modern Art,1982.
Panzer, Mary. "Iraq War Veterans." Aperture, No.191, Summer, 2008.
Photography, Michel Frizot, 593, Konemann, 1988.
The MIT Press, 151-206, 2004.
Slezic, Lana. " lanaslezic.com.", Last modified 2006, http://www.lanaslezic.com.
Sontag, Susan. On Photography. New York: New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2001.
Essays and Speeches. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2007, 128-142.


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The Cheyenne/Laramie County Emergency Management Agency will be testing the outdoor warning siren system Friday.
All sirens within the county will sound at noon for a period of one to three minutes.
During an actual emergency, residents should seek shelter and tune into a local radio or TV station to receive additional information.
People should not call 911 or local emergency officials for information because it ties up phone lines needed for emergency operations.


For the mincemeat... place the raisins, currants, apricots and cranberries into a bowl then add the zest and juice of half an orange.
Add the apple then stir through the flaked almonds, cinnamon, nutmeg and allspice. Cover then leave soak for at least 12 hours.
Into a food processor add the flours, ground almonds, salt and butter then mix to a crumb.
Add the zest of 1 orange then gradually pour in the juice of 1 orange, adding it a teaspoon at a time until the pastry sticks (don't worry if you haven't used it all!).
Remove from the processor, divide in two then wrap each ball with cling film. Freeze for 10-15 minutes to firm up.
Remove the pastry from the freezer, place one in the fridge then roll the other between either cling film or baking parchment as the pastry can be delicate, roll out to 4mm thickness.
Lightly grease a mini muffin tin and preheat your oven to 170⁰C/Fan 150⁰C/Gas Mark 3.
Using a 50mm (2 inch) cutter press out rounds and place into the tin.
Fill with a heaped teaspoon of mincemeat then top with a pastry shaped star, heart or snowflake.
Repeat to fill the tin. Brush the lids gently with the egg then sprinkle with a tiny pinch of coconut sugar.
Bake for 12-15 minutes untiil golden brown.


Taking off and landing on a grass or dirt runway is different from taking off or landing on a paved one. In fact and in most instances, larger planes weight too much and would sink under their own weight while the uneven nature of such runways could be potentially damaging to the plane and dangerous to all on board.
Hence and if you are a pilot who is not entirely comfortable with taking off or landing on grass or dirt runways, Vincent has posted an excellent entry on his Plastic Pilot blog with some handy tips. As he pointed out, take-offs from a grass or dirt runway need to be done under a very low speed followed by acceleration while approaches and landings require higher than usual nose-up attitude. In other words, some additional training would be required.
Just like each pilot, I've my strengths and my weaknesses and I think it's important to know them. I continue to extend my comfort zone, step by step. Sometimes with an instructor, sometimes alone on board.
Definitely good advice for anyone who is not yet comfortable with taking off or landing on a grass or dirt runway or for that matter, any other aspect about flying.


I currently reside in Queens, NY with my wife, a NYC school teacher. We also spend quite a bit of time in Asbury Park, NJ. I've lived a lot of places and have come to discover, whether I'm living in a small place like Brookings, SD or a medium sized place like Portland, OR or even a giant place like NYC, there is some part of the place that stays with me. Usually it is a food memory! While Kansas City wasn't quite a good fit for me as a place to call home, I do have amazingly detailed and vivid memories of some of the meals I ate there: vegetarian chili at Otto's; some weird chicken place in a house in Kansas City, Kansas where we were served family style; uhm...and I will never forget the hot dog delivered by a miniature train at Fritz's in KCK. And that's just Kansas, don't get me started on Minneapolis.
I work as a librarian at a private school in Manhattan.
The above painting is a self portrait with my dog, Henry.


text:
Open access journal indexed with Index Medicus & EMBASE
Home | Subscribe | Feedback
CASE REPORT [View FULLTEXT] [Download PDF]
C Mukhopadhyay, A Dey, I Bairy
Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Karnataka, India
C Mukhopadhyay
Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Karnataka
Glutaric aciduria type 1 (GA1) is an inborn error of organic acid metabolism, where the brain is the principal organ affected with exposure to toxic metabolic product, 3-hydroxyglutaric acid (3-OHGA). A 2-year-old boy with GA1 and delayed developmental milestones had an acute neurological crisis leading to massive brain abscess with Citrobacter freundi infection, a rare cause of neonatal meningitis and often associated with brain abscess. Both 3-OHGA and C. freundii can damage the blood-brain barrier and can cause significant trauma which demands immediate and appropriate management. Encephalopathic manifestations of GA1 may consequently increase the risk of meningeal infection and it has not been previously documented.
Mukhopadhyay C, Dey A, Bairy I. Citrobacter freundii infection in glutaric aciduria type 1: Adding insult to injury.J Postgrad Med 2008;54:35-36
Mukhopadhyay C, Dey A, Bairy I. Citrobacter freundii infection in glutaric aciduria type 1: Adding insult to injury. J Postgrad Med [serial online] 2008 [cited 2023 Feb 1 ];54:35-36
Available from: https://www.jpgmonline.com/article.asp?issn=0022-3859;year=2008;volume=54;issue=1;spage=35;epage=36;aulast=Mukhopadhyay;type=0


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text:
15-31-506 Copy of federal return required -- report of amended federal return
Part 5. Administration and Collection
Copy Of Federal Return Required -- Report Of Amended Federal Return
15-31-506. Copy of federal return required -- report of amended federal return. Every corporation shall, upon request of the department of revenue, furnish a copy of its federal income tax return and the computation schedule filed for the taxable year or years that the department may specify in its request. Except as provided in 15-30-3403 or 15-30-3404, if the amount of a corporation's taxable income reported on its federal income tax return or the computation schedule filed for a tax year is changed or corrected by the United States internal revenue service or other competent authority, the corporation shall file an amended Montana return with the department within 180 days after the final determination date. Except as provided in 15-30-3404, a corporation filing an amended federal income tax return changing or correcting its taxable income for a tax year shall also file an amended Montana return with the department within 180 days after filing an amended federal income tax return.
History: En. Sec. 13, Ch. 166, L. 1933; re-en. Sec. 2303.9, R.C.M. 1935; amd. Sec. 2, Ch. 142, L. 1969; amd. Sec. 67, Ch. 516, L. 1973; R.C.M. 1947, 84-1517(3); amd. Sec. 3, Ch. 68, L. 1999; amd. Sec. 13, Ch. 108, L. 2021.


Indian Railway launched many passenger friendly initiative, especially for disabled, medical patients and elderly. One among that facilities is Buggy services or Platform Cars at Railway stations.
A battery-operated Platform car service for elderly, medical patients and disabled is available at many of the main railway stations around India. This battery operated platform car service is called Buggy services.
How to Book the buggy Services or Platform Cars?
Bengaluru became one of the first stations to get Buggy Services or Platform Cars. Buggy service started in Bengaluru Railway station in 2006 . After that most of the Railway stations started this service. Most of stations have prominent boards with phone numbers to call. This Platform Cars at railway stations have drivers experienced in maneuvering through narrow spaces. Thus, they wouldn't find it difficult negotiating crowds and hurdles like parcels and luggage on the platform.
The cars will be available on first come, first serve basis unless seats are booked beforehand. Tickets can be booked over the phone by dialling a contact number provided on the IRCTC website. The ticket cost for Buggy Services or Platform Cars at railway stations comes at a cost of Rs 20 – 40/- per person.
Southern Railway : SR introduced Battery Operated Buggy services at Railway stations under Southern Railway zones. Following are the details.
South Central Railway : SCR announced that Railway has added Five Battery operated cars to ferry passengers on platforms at Secunderabad railway stations. While the service is available for all, preference will be given to senior citizens, visually impaired, pregnant women and passengers with health issues.
The Battery operated car services which will be available round the clock at a coast of Rs.45 per one passenger, can be availed through advance booking by calling a dedicated mobile number 88273 – 31111.
This cars can accommodate six passengers at a time with huge luggage carrier on the roof. There have safety features such as automatic stoppages in case of electrical failure and availability of hand brake for emergency stoppage during technical snags.
To ensure safety of the passengers who use the service, the cars are operated by professionally trained drivers, who are in touch drivers, who are in touch with railway supervisors. Cameras are being installed in the cars as an additional security features and for continuous GPS tracking.
Central Railway :- Central Railway re-introduced battery operated Buggy Services or Platform Cars for long distance trains at CSMT stations on 04.04.2018 for senior citizens and disabled people after two year break. BOCs were introduced Buggy Services or Platform Cars at CSMT railway stations in 2009 fro free of cost. The scheme was unviable and was closed in 2016.
Two Passenger Cars launched on Wednesday i.e. 04.04.2018 in CSMT Railway station. Platform Nos.Nine and Eighteen in CSMT Platform. Speed of the Platform Cars – Ten Kmph max. Capacity of Buggy Services or Platform Cars – Total Four – One at Front and Three in backseats.
Ticket cost of Buggy Services or Platform Cars – Rs.40 per head. Other Stations to get Buggy Services or Platform Cars under Central Railway are Bandra Terminus – 04 cars, Mumbai Central – 03 Cars, LTT and Dadar.
Dhanbad Station : It is operational only on platform No. 1 during peak hours – 6am to 10am and 6pm to 10pm – when a majority of trains leave or arrive at Dhanbad.
Agra Cantt., Ambala Cantt. Jn., Amritsar, Bangalore City, Bangalore Cantt., Bhatapara, Bhubaneswar, Bilaspur, Chandigarh, Chennai Central, Chennai Egmore, Coimbatore Jn., CST Mumbai, Darbhanga Jn., Dhanbad, Durg, Gaya Jn., Ghazipur City, Gwalior, H. Nizamuddin, Haridwar, Howrah, Jabalpur, Jhansi, Jodhpur cantt., Kota, Kozhikkode, Lucknow, Lucknow Jn., Madurai Jn., Manduadih, Mughalsarai Jn., Muzaffarpur Jn., Mysore Jn., Nagpur, New Delhi, Patna Jn., Raipur, Raigarh, Ranchi, Salem, Sealdah, Solapur, SSP Nilayam, Surat, Secunderabad, Tiruchirapalli, Visakhapatnam and Yesvantpur. .Ahmedabad, Ajmer, Allahabad, Anand Vihar Terminal, Bandra Terminus, Bareily, Bhagalpur, Bhopal, Chhapra Jn., Dadar, Dehradun, Delhi Jn., Ernakulam Jn., Guwahati, Hyderabad, Jaipur, Jammu Tawi, Kacheguda, Kalyan, Kanpur Central, Kharagpur, Lokmanya Tilak (T), Ludhiana, Mathura Jn., Mumbai Central main, New Jalpaiguri, Pune, Puri, Rajkot, Secunderabad Jn., Tatanagar, Thane, Thrisur, Tirupati, Tiruvananthapuram Central, Vadodara, Varanasi and Vijayawada.
Other Facilities offered by Indian Railway to the disabled, medical patients and elderly are wheelchair facility, Yatri Mitra Sewa, Sarathi Seva for Physically Challenged.
Buggy drivers in Bangalore City should be senstized. These drivers are rude and very Crude. They do not know as to how to interact with elderly people.
These guys do not respect elderly people and talk to them in raised voice and address them in singular language and shout at them with below belt languages.


Oona joined Teknion in 2013 as marketing manager, bringing with her more than a decade of experience in the A & D industry. She has been instrumental in developing marketing pieces to support client pursuits, organizing NeoCon, Dealer Conference and Worldwide Sales Conference, as well as working on corporate initiatives like MyTeknion.
In her new role, Oona is responsible for the direction, development and implementation of marketing communication strategies for the U.S. market, reporting directly to Maxine Mann, Teknion President – U.S. A few of her areas of focus will be to build a dynamic department, to continue to help position Teknion to win, to strategically support each region's marketing needs, and to enhance and grow the client experience program.
Everyone who has worked with Oona has found her to be engaging, smart and witty. Some that have worked with Oona also know she loves pink Starbursts, gets really excited about new ideas and is calm and smiling—even in a tornado (literally). We look forward to her continued contribution.
Please join the entire Teknion leadership team in offering Oona your congratulations and warm wishes!


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All locations along Oak Street between the Villa and Poplar Street are under a boil order until further notice due to a water line break in that area. Those affected by the boil order should boil their water for 5 minutes before using it for human consumption. The boil order will continue until further notice.


text:
Is Egypt going to have another Tiananmen Square?
By Jonathan Power
Written August 12, 2013
Is it going to be the massacre of China's Tiananmen Square all over again? The new civilian/military regime has promised to break up the large Muslim Brotherhood-led demonstrations now being held in favour of the deposed, democratically elected president, Mohamed Morsi.
The demonstrators look immoveable unless massive amounts of force are used. The television pictures show us that there are significant numbers of families among the demonstrators with their (often small) children. If the police and perhaps the army are unleashed on them and there is massive bloodshed of innocent people Tiananmen Square will look like a tea party in comparison. The whole country will be aflame, with a raging civil war a likely outcome.
We have learnt throughout history that the toppling of a long-standing authoritarian regime is not the end of the process of democratization but the beginning of it. Egypt looks as if it will be no exception.
The Arab Spring is losing its way. Freedom House estimates that today 72% of the countries of the Middle East and North Africa and 85% of the people there still lack basic political rights and civil liberties.
Tunisia, where the Arab Spring originated, is the only country that has evolved from an authoritarian state to an electoral democracy whose new leaders have supported moderation, civil liberties and the rule of law. The press is vibrant and civil society has blossomed. But even in Tunisia there have been of late some worrying indications that all is not well.
In most countries the leaders have only themselves to blame but in Iraq, the most disturbed of all, apart from Syria, the fault is clearly traceable to the invasion mounted by US president, George W. Bush and UK prime minister, Tony Blair. Iraq's internal violence today, as Sunnis and Shi'ites battle it out, is a warning of the dangers of up-ending too fast a dictatorship and using violence to do it.
Saddam Hussein who ruled most cruelly had to go eventually but this was not the way to do it. (It is often overlooked that for non-dissident Iraqis, Saddam presided over a country rather prosperous, healthy and peaceful.)
But "every surge of democratization over the last century", wrote Sheri Berman in February's Foreign Affairs, "after World War 1, after World War 2, has been followed by an undertow, accompanied by widespread questioning of the viability and even desirability of democratic governance."
When democratization occurs the pent up distrust and animosity often explode – but not always, as we have seen with the democratization of Spain, Portugal and Greece in the 1970s and most of Latin America in the 1980s and 90s.
An explosion certainly occurred in Germany, Italy, and France. In France we should return to the time of the Revolution in 1789. This was a popular uprising against the King. But the new attempt at constructing democracy was hijacked by the radicals who ushered in the rule of Robespierre who terrorised the people with his mass executions. However, the Revolution did lay the base for a stable liberal democracy that became implanted after World War 2. The Revolution had replaced a patronage system based on feudal hierarchies with a market system based on private property and equality before the law. It changed popular attitudes to citizenship, rights and legitimate government.
Italy democratized just before World War 1. The war made for a difficult aftermath. The country's two largest political parties, the Socialists and Catholics (the latter were analogous to the Muslim Brotherhood) were at loggerheads. In 1922 the King turned the country over to a fascist dictatorship run by Benito Mussolini, a partner of Hitler in World War 2. At war's end, after Mussolini was strung up from a lamp post, democracy was restored. Italy was able to benefit from its earlier trial run and pick up where the democratic experiment had left off.
Germany democratized during the short-lived democratic wave that swept across Europe after World War 1. But the young Weimar Republic was plagued by social conflict, political instability and extremism. Left and right fought each other on the streets. The Great Depression pulled Germany down as did the Versailles Treaty that demanded enormous reparations to be given to the victors of the Great War. In 1933 Hitler came to power on the back of massive unemployment and democracy was soon shunted aside, not to be revived until the end of World War 2. Beneath the carnage the spirit of the earlier democracy and freedoms remained in the collective memory and was resuscitated without too much trouble.
This was the hard way of learning to value democracy. One hopes the participants of the Arab Spring won't have to go through so much horror and turmoil.
The Egyptian government must realize just what is at stake if they shoot up the massed supporters of the Muslim Brotherhood. Do they want to follow in the footsteps of Europe's miserable history?
Copyright: Jonathan Power 2013
Posted in Arab Spring, Democracy - local & global, Development, Egypt, Jonathan Power, Middle East
One Response to "Is Egypt going to have another Tiananmen Square?"


text:
Q: Using closure results for Turing-decidable languages I have a language L1 = {w in {0,1}*| w contains the same number of 1's and 0's} and i have a TM M that decides L1.
I want to prove that L2 = {w in {0,1}*| w contains more 1's than 0's} is Turing-decidable.
I have used the "closed under complement" approach and proven that M' decides the complement of L1 (~L1).
My question is, can I assume that the ~L1 = (L2 or ~L2) and conclude that since M' decides ~L1 that L2 and ~L2 are both decidable languages?
Thank you for any advice
(Sorry, haven't figured out how to use LaTex here yet...)

A: I just want to flesh out Wellbog's answer. Here is L1 (Read n1(w) as "number of 1's in w"):
L1 = {w∈
{0,1}*: n1(w) = n0(w)}
And here is L2:
L2 = {w∈
{0,1}*: n1(w) > n0(w)}
From the other side, L1-bar is:
L1-bar = {w∈
{0,1}*: n1(w) > n0(w) OR n1(w) < n0(w)}
And clearly, L1-bar and L2 are different.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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