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Measuring Resident Health Outcomes in Affordable Housing
A tool for practitioners to demonstrate the health benefits of affordable housing
January 8, 2019 | Stephany De Scisciolo and Jessica Mulcahy
health action plan
How do we know that affordable housing improves resident health? How can we document resident health improvement that results from a commitment to healthy housing? How do we measure health — we're not doctors or health researchers!
You and your colleagues have probably had these types of questions – and have dealt with the challenge of answering them. The link between quality, stable, affordable housing and positive resident health outcomes is increasingly recognized, yet the affordable housing field lacks a common way to measure and document the impact. Documenting evidence of this linkage is critical for justifying investment in healthy housing strategies, developing critical cross-sector partnerships, and realizing the full potential of affordable housing as a platform for health.
In partnership with Success Measures, an evaluation resource group at NeighborWorks America with expertise in developing measurement tools for the community development field, Enterprise Community Partners met this challenge head on. Together, we developed the Healthy Housing Outcomes Survey that will enable its users to measure changes in resident health outcomes most likely to be influenced by healthy housing development.
Creating the Healthy Housing Outcomes Survey
The survey development process took nearly one year, with the first few months spent determining the survey's focus. Originally intended as a supporting resource for Enterprise's Green Communities Criteria and its Health Action Plan framework, an adaptation of the Health Impact Assessment tailored to the affordable housing sector, we quickly realized the need for a measurement tool with broader application for the field. Thus, we went from developing a survey that would measure change in specific, targeted health outcomes to one focused on general health and well-being.
To create maximum benefit from healthy housing, ideally, the housing-based health interventions implemented are tailored to the resident population and their health needs. In the past, those interested in documenting changes in health outcomes were faced with the difficult task of correlating these tailored interventions with any number of health outcomes. In many cases, both the expertise needed and rigor necessary to demonstrate such correlations proved difficult to achieve. To solve for this, we have created a curated survey aimed at assessing the benefits of healthy affordable housing itself, rather than a specific intervention. This focus allows community development corporations and affordable housing stakeholders to utilize a standard tool across housing portfolios, even when specific health-promoting strategies vary from property to property.
In developing the tool, we reviewed the literature, looking for studies that identified changes in the built environment that enhanced resident health outcomes. Based on expert opinion, we prioritized those health and well-being indicators that were (1) significant to low-income populations, (2) could be readily measured by affordable housing property owners and developers and (3) could detect changes in short-term outcomes that could be expected to lead to improvements in long-term outcomes.
We arrived at eight survey domains: resident satisfaction; health status; eating habits; physical activity; respiratory health; children's health status; building maintenance; and social connections. Individual survey questions were drawn from the Success Measures Health Measurement Outcome Tools which were specifically designed to measure the health outcomes of housing and community development programs, as well as the literature base. Note that questions selected from the Success Measures Health Measurement Outcome Tools were independently validated and are in widespread use across the affordable housing field. Our Healthy Housing Outcomes Survey was then field tested through two focus groups of affordable housing residents. Participants took the survey and were then asked for their overall reactions to certain features, including length, flow, and content. The group reviewed the survey together, page-by-page, to discuss the clarity, content and response options of specific questions. We used this feedback to refine the survey.
Using the Survey
The final survey, which is currently available in English and Spanish, is 47 questions, takes 10-20 minutes to complete, covers the 8 domains listed above, and includes demographic questions for analysis purposes. The survey can be used as a point-in-time measurement of resident health related to housing but will be more impactful if administered annually to assess trends in the health and well-being of residents over time. Used as a feedback loop, the survey results may identify the need to maintain, alter or add a health-enhancing intervention.
At Enterprise, we are introducing the Healthy Housing Outcomes Survey in conjunction with new capital products that are intended to promote resident health outcomes in the affordable housing sector. We plan to aggregate survey results from participating properties to demonstrate the year-over-year impacts of incorporating health into affordable housing development. We also recommend the use of this survey for any community development corporation that pursues the Health Action Plan framework. And, ultimately, we encourage widespread use of this survey across the affordable housing field to establish a common set of measurable indicators and outcomes which can illustrate the power of prioritizing health in housing development.
The survey is available on Building Healthy Place's Network's Measure Up resource list, Enterprise Community Partners website, and as part of the Success Measures Data System.
Stephany De Scisciolo and Jessica Mulcahy
Stephany De Scisciolo
Vice President—Knowledge, Impact & Strategy, Enterprise Community Partners
Stephany De Scisciolo is the vice president of the KIS team at Enterprise Community Partners. KIS is a multidisciplinary team of researchers, data scientists, and knowledge specialists. Since coming to Enterprise in September 2015, Stephany has been deeply involved with Enterprise's Health and Housing Initiative, helping to identify opportunities for research, creating tools and resources for use in the field, and cultivating key partnerships.
Stephany began her career at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency where she played a critical role in the development of the agency's Indoor Environments program. She remains committed to addressing health through the built environment. Stephany holds a Ph.D. in public policy, with a concentration in health policy, from the University of North Carolina – Charlotte and a B.A. in political science from Wellesley College.
Jessica Mulcahy
Director—Success Measures Philanthropic Evaluation Strategies, NeighborWorks America
Jessica has been part of the Success Measures team from its earliest development stages at the McAuley Institute, where she served as the first technical manager of the evolving Success Measures Data System. As a cultural anthropologist with significant experience in mixed-method evaluation, she now directs the development of Success Measures' shared indicator projects, including Health and Community Development, and leads the enterprise's evaluation research efforts. Jessica also manages custom consulting evaluation projects for national and regional funders, intermediaries, and funding collaboratives. Prior to joining NeighborWorks America with the Success Measures team in 2004, Jessica was a research associate at McAuley. She previously served as program coordinator at the Community Partnership Center at University of Tennessee directing the Participatory Research and Planning Program, and as director of the Community Outreach Partnership Center at University of Florida.
Jessica holds a B.A. in Cultural Anthropology from Bryn Mawr College and an M.A. in Cultural Anthropology from University of Florida.
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The Aspire to LEAD Giving Society is an opportunity for you to make a long term difference to the youth we support. There are three ways your support will result in an impact: you can be a Youth Sponsor, Sponsor of 10 Youth, or Program Sponsor.
Making an annual gift through the giving society levels allows you to play an important role in supporting Asian American LEAD's programs for low-income and underserved youth. It allows for staff to deliver powerful programs that positively impact youth.
Making an annual gift at one of the giving levels allows you to play an important role in supporting low-income and underserved youth in the DC Metro area. It impacts the lives of these youth to make decisions about their education, increase their sense of identity, and set them on a path to become future leaders.
Currently the Aspire to LEAD Giving Society members have supported 100 youth with the tools and opportunities to define themselves and their own futures.
Youth Sponsor, is a pledge of $1,000 each year for five years. Your gift would sponsor 1 AALEAD youth each year of AALEAD After School Programs, helping that young person to develop confidence in themselves and leadership skills.
Sponsor of 10 Youth, is a pledge of $10,000 each year for five years. You would allow us to provide programming for 10 AALEAD youth each year for your five years.
Program Sponsor, is a pledge of $25,000 a year for five years. AALEAD would be able to sustain one whole program serving 25 AALEAD youth at a school 2 days per week after school.


text:
BioShock Big Daddy celebrated in plush
Along with replica EVE hypo.
Updated on 5 Feb 2010
NECA has unveiled its Big Daddy Bouncer plush toy and replica EVE syringe ahead of BioShock 2's release next week (thanks Destructoid).
The plush toy (pictured below) is a replica of the one seen dangling from the hand of a Big Sister in the first ever BioShock 2 teaser trailer.
The syringe - which doesn't function, obviously, but does have a marble in it fact fans - should be familiar to anyone who played the first game.
The props, detailed on NECA's site, are available from its Amazon storefront, although those of you hoping to import to Europe will need brave wallets.
BioShock 2 itself is due out for PC, PS3 and Xbox 360 next Tuesday, 9th February. Look out for our review at the start of next week.
In the meantime, check out today's BioShock 2 Eurogamer TV Show for a recap on what to expect.
Bye bye beer money.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Helping African American Youth Achieve Success - 5:15
with Don Ferguson of 100 Black Men of Greater Detroit
https://comcastnewsmakers.com/Videos/2018/7/2/Helping-African-American-Youth-Achieve-Success
The 100 Black Men of Greater Detroit, Inc. is a group of concerned African American men whose goal is to improve the quality of life in the African American community through their collective resources, abilities and experiences. Recognizing the need to develop strong, vital and self-supporting communities, the organization has committed to helping African American youth achieve success in four (4) main focus areas: mentoring, education, health & wellness, economic development.
Hosted by: Laurel Hess Produced by: Heartland Newsmakers Team
#Michigan #Community #Economy and Business #Education #General Interest #Health #Local
Other videos hosted by Laurel Hess
Supporting Those with Mental Illness
Supporting Those with Mental Illness - 5:14
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Suicide is one of the top ten leading causes of death in the United States and was responsible for almost 45,000 deaths in 2016. Kevin Fischer, Executive Director of the National Alliance on Mental Illness Michigan Chapter joins host Laurel Hess to talk about ending the stigma on Mental Illness.
https://comcastnewsmakers.com/Videos/2019/7/9/Supporting-Those-with-Mental-Illness
Making Sure You Are Counted in the Census
Making Sure You Are Counted in the Census - 5:13
Every 10 years the U.S. Constitution requires a head count of every person living in the United States, regardless of age, immigration status, income or type of residency. Victoria Kovari, Census Director for the City of Detroitdiscusses the importance of the 2020 Census for the City of Detroit.
https://comcastnewsmakers.com/Videos/2019/7/9/Making-Sure-You-Are-Counted-in-the-Census
Excelling Academically and Athletically
Excelling Academically and Athletically - 5:14
According to College Factual, Oakland University competes in 14 sports and has a total of 451 student athletes: 212 men and 239 women. Steve Waterfield, Director of Athletics for Oakland University discusses his goals for the athletics department and the importance of students excelling both academically and athletically.
https://comcastnewsmakers.com/Videos/2019/7/9/Excelling-Academically-and-Athletically
Transforming the Detroit Riverfront
Transforming the Detroit Riverfront - 5:15
The Detroit River flows for 24 nautical miles from Lake St. Clair west and south to Lake Erie as a strait in the Great Lakes system and forms part of the border between Canada and the United States. Mark Wallace, President and CEO of the Detroit RiverFront Conservancy joins host Laurel Hess to outline the projects that are attracting citizens to the Detroit riverfront.
https://comcastnewsmakers.com/Videos/2019/7/9/Transforming-the-Detroit-Riverfront
Training for Jobs in Technology
Training for Jobs in Technology - 5:16
According to Cyberstates 2016: The Definitive State-by-State Analysis of the US Tech Industry from CompTIA, in 2015, the US tech industry made up 7.1 % of overall GDP and 11.6 % of the total private sector payroll. Ida Byrd-Hill, CEO of Automation Workz Institute joins Laurel Hess to talk about up-scaling to higher paying careers in the technology world.
https://comcastnewsmakers.com/Videos/2019/7/9/Training-for-Jobs-in-Technology
Impacting The Lives of Children in Detroit
Impacting The Lives of Children in Detroit - 5:15
Detroit PAL is impacting the lives of more than 14,000 children each year. Robert Jamerson, Interim CEO of Detroit PAL outlines the programs that are making a difference in the lives of children across Detroit.
https://comcastnewsmakers.com/Videos/2019/7/9/Impacting-Lives-of-Children-in-Detroit
Pursuing Racial Equity
Achieving strong outcomes for children happens by connecting what families need — at home, in child care settings, at school, at work and in their communities. The W.K. Kellogg Foundation is continually adapting to become more focused and intentional on behalf of children. Their programs use a variety of change-making tools — grantmaking, impact investing, networking and convening — to make measurable improvements in children's lives.
https://comcastnewsmakers.com/Videos/2019/3/5/Pursuing-Racial-Equity
Teaching Michiganders about the Anishinaabe Culture
Teaching Michiganders about the Anishinaabe Culture - 4:53
The Nokomis Learning Center is a non-profit Native American cultural learning center located near Lansing, MI, dedicated to the preservation and presentation of Anishinaabe culture.
https://comcastnewsmakers.com/Videos/2018/11/13/Teaching-Michiganders-about-the-Anishinaabe-Culture
Improving the Outcome for Homeless Youth
Improving the Outcome for Homeless Youth - 5:18
The Detroit Phoenix Center is the first and only asset based resource center, providing drop in services to teens and young adults, who are at risk of --or currently experiencing homelessness in the city of Detroit.
https://comcastnewsmakers.com/Videos/2018/8/30/Improving-the-Outcome-for-Homeless-Youth
Helping Veteran Entrepreneurs Start Their Own Business
Helping Veteran Entrepreneurs Start Their Own Business - 5:10
Bunker Labs – a 501(c)(3) non-profit – is a national network of veteran entrepreneurs dedicated to helping new veteran entrepreneurs start their own business. Bunker Labs is committed to seeing that every entrepreneur in the veteran community has the network, tools, and resources they need to start their own business. 25% of transitioning service members want to start a business and they need places inside their community where they can connect with the people, resources, and support they need to start and grow their businesses.
https://comcastnewsmakers.com/Videos/2018/10/24/Helping--Veteran-Entrepreneurs-Start-Their-Own-Business


1. The visual presentation should be crisp and to the point.
Just like in a classroom presentation, you don't write out your entire script on the slides. Instead, you just display keywords or bullet points to highlight what you are saying. That same rule applies to your web conferences. Don't have long unnecessary sentences in your presentation, rather keep it simple and to the point.
Graphics are a big part of a virtual presentation. They can bring life to your otherwise boring reports. However, just like the point above, keep your graphics simple. The last thing you want to do in overwhelm your audience with massive charts and figures.
Without good audio, your presentation will fail. It is the backbone to all successful meetings. You may have strong points with compelling graphics, but visuals only go so far. Make sure you are using clear audio channels so everyone can hear the important points and explanations you make during your presentation.
In order to make your web conferences more valuable, you need to find a way to encourage participation. One way you can do this is through open-ended questions and polls. An audience poll early on can provide an insight on what participants already knows about the topic. This will allow you to change or add anything to your presentation on the fly. Open-ended questions, on the other hand, can help challenge people to think about new concepts or ideas. Either way, finding a way to increase engagement is key.
Collaboration tools like Adobe Connect can be utilized within web conferences to share documents, images and graphs. It also has high-quality recording and editing tools so you can easily share your presentation with anyone. Using trusted platforms like Adobe will give you all the tools you need to create a powerful presentation.
To discover more tips on how to produce a successful webinars, click here.


text:
Q: How to make this condition more Scala-like I have the following method:
def generateAssociatedImages : List[ImageFileEntry] = {

    if ( this.page > 1 && this.page < this.fileEntry.pageCount ) {
        List( copyWithPage( this.page - 1 ), copyWithPage( this.page + 1 ) )
    } else {
        if ( page == 1 && page != file.fileEntry.pageCount ) {
            List( copyWithPage( this.page + 1 ) )
        } else {
            List( copyWithPage( this.page - 1 ) )
        }
    }

}

But this one looks too much like Java (if I was using Ruby I'd do a switch/case on a range and then do the other comparisons). Is there a more funcional way to do this in Scala?
The behavior is quite simple:

*

*if input is page 1 and total pages is 3, the output is [2]

*if input is page 2 and total pages is 3, the output is [1,3]

*if input is page 3 and total pages is 3, the output is [2]

I'm looking for an idiomatic solution, I'm still new to Scala.
It would be lovely if I could do something like:
( 1 until 3 ).hasNext( 2 )

A: Assuming that on a one page, the list of images is empty, you can have the following:
def generateAssociatedImages: List[ImageFileEntry] = {
    val pageCount = fileEntry.pageCount
    page match {
        case `pageCount` if page == 1 => List()
        case `pageCount` => List(copyWithPage(pageCount - 1))
        case 1 => List(copyWithPage(2))
        case x => List(copyWithPage(x - 1), copyWithPage(x + 1))
    }
}

A: def ifTrue[T](c : Boolean, v : =>T) = if (c) Some(v) else None

def generateAssociatedImages = List(ifTrue(this.page > 1, -1)), ifTrue(this.page < this.fileEntry.pageCount, 1)).flatten.map(d => copyWithPage(this.page + d))

A: Are you looking for the adjacent pages?
val pages = 1 to this.fileEntry.pageCount

implicit def toNext(r: Range) = new {
    def next(n: Int) = r.view sliding 2 find (n == _.head) map (_.last)
}

def adjacent(page: Int) = List(pages next page, pages.reverse next page).flatten

def generateAssociatedImages : List[ImageFileEntry] =
    adjacent(this.page) map copyWithPage

It's a bit of an over-engineering, I admit. But it is elegant. It doesn't work for single-paged ranges either, because of a bug in sliding.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Q: How to solve bash: /etc/profile.d/rvm.sh: No such file or directory? I have downloaded and installed RVM using this guide. However when I run /bin/bash --login so as to switch to a different ruby version I get the following error bash: /etc/profile.d/rvm.sh: No such file or directory. How can I fix this?
I'm using Ubuntu 20.04

A: RVM have dedicated Ubuntu package, so please follow instructions posted here: https://github.com/rvm/ubuntu_rvm (taken from here: https://rvm.io/rvm/install).
Otherwise, you can skip that step and just use the next command in the tutorial, rvm use 3.0.0 or whatever version you want.


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Die Ebenholzgewächse (Ebenaceae) sind eine Pflanzenfamilie in der Ordnung der Heidekrautartigen (Ericales) innerhalb der Bedecktsamigen Pflanzen (Magnoliopsida). In der Familie gibt es etwa vier Gattungen mit 450 bis 500 Arten. Am bekanntesten ist die in den Tropen Ostindiens und Afrikas heimische Gattung Ebenholzbäume und Dattelpflaumen (Diospyros) mit etwa 475 bis 485 Arten.

Beschreibung

Vegetative Merkmale
Es sind verholzende Pflanzen: meist Bäume, manchmal aufrechte Sträucher. Die Borke, die Wurzeln und oft auch die Rinde der Zweige sind schwarz, auch das trockene Laub wird schwarz; die Innenseite der Rinde ist gelb. Das Hartholz hat die typische schwarze Farbe. Manche Arten besitzen in einer stachligen Spitze endende Zweige.

Die meist wechselständig und zweizeilig, selten gegenständig an den Zweigen angeordneten Laubblätter sind einfach, ganzrandig und besitzen dunkle Drüsen auf der Blattunterseite. Nebenblätter fehlen.

Generative Merkmale
Die Blüten sind nur manchmal zwittrig; meist sind sie eingeschlechtig, dann sind die Arten zweihäusig getrenntgeschlechtig (diözisch). Die männlichen Blüten stehen selten einzeln oder in kleinen Gruppen, meist stehen sie in zymösen Blütenständen zusammen. Die weiblichen Blüten stehen meist einzeln in den Blattachseln. Die radiärsymmetrischen, drei- bis siebenzähligen Blüten besitzen ein doppeltes Perianth. Die drei bis sieben Kelchblätter sind verwachsen. Die drei bis sieben Kronblätter sind verwachsen und die Blütenkrone ist verdreht. In männlichen und zwittrigen Blüten sind ein, zwei oder mehr Kreise mit insgesamt drei bis 28 Staubblättern vorhanden. Die Staubfäden sind frei oder paarweise verwachsen. In männlichen Blüten kann ein Gynoeceum rudimentär vorhanden sein oder es fehlt. Zwei bis fünf (selten bis 16) Fruchtblätter sind zu einem ober- oder unterständigen, synkarpen Fruchtknoten verwachsen mit gleich vielen Fächern wie Fruchtblättern. Je Fruchtknotenfach sind meist nur eine oder seltener zwei Samenanlagen vorhanden. Weibliche Blüten können rudimentäre Staubblätter enthalten. Zwei bis acht Griffel sind frei oder höchstens an ihrer Basis verwachsen mit einfachen oder zweilappigen Narben.

Es werden, manchmal essbare, große, mehr oder weniger fleischige Beeren gebildet, die wenige oder einige Samen enthalten. Die oft sich bis zur Fruchtreife vergrößernden Kelchblätter sind auf den Früchten gut erkennbar. Die rötlichen oder braunen bis schwarzen Samen besitzen ein kleines Hilum, einen geraden bis schwach gekrümmten Embryo und ein ölhaltiges Endosperm.

Systematik und Verbreitung

Die Familie der Ebenaceae wurde 1891 von Robert Louis August Maximilian Gürke in Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien, 4, 1, S. 153 aufgestellt. Typusgattung ist Ebenus , heute ein Synonym von Diospyros  Der botanische Gattungsname Ebenus bezieht sich auf die antike Bezeichnung für Ebenholz von arabisch abanus. Synonyme für Ebenaceae  sind: Diospyraceae , Guaiacanaceae  nom. illeg., Lissocarpaceae . Die Familie Ebenaceae wurde früher in eine Ordnung Ebenales  gestellt und gehört heute in die Ordnung der Ericales mit den Primulaceae s. l. als nächsten Verwandten.

Der Ursprung der Familie liegt auf dem westlichen Gondwana-Kontinent.
Die meisten Arten wachsen in den Tropen, aber einige Arten gibt es auch bis in Gebiete mit gemäßigtem Klima. Sie kommen pantropisch vor mit Verbreitungsschwerpunkt im indomalayischen Raum.

Die Familie der Ebenaceae wird gegliedert in zwei Unterfamilien mit etwa vier (drei bis sechs) Gattungen und 450 bis 500 Arten:
 Unterfamilie Lissocarpoideae : Sie enthält nur eine Gattung. Die Arten haben einen unterständigen Fruchtknoten und sehr enge Kronröhren:
 Lissocarpa : Die etwa acht Arten sind im tropischen Südamerika weitverbreitet.
 Unterfamilie Ebenoideae : Sie enthält etwa drei Gattungen. Sie haben oberständige Fruchtknoten:
 Ebenholzbäume (Diospyros , Syn.: Cargillia , Cavanillea , Ebenus , Embryopteris , Guaiacana , Idesia , Maba , Mabola , Macreightia , Noltia , Paralea , Pimia , Rhaphidanthe , Ropourea , Tetraclis ): Die Gattung Diospyros wurde im Umfang stark erweitert und viele Gattungen sind heute nur noch Synonyme. Die 475 bis 485 Arten besitzen eine pantropische Verbreitung mit einigen Arten, die auch in gemäßigten Gebieten vorkommen.
 Euclea : Die zwölf bis zwanzig Arten sind in Afrika, auf der Arabischen Halbinsel, Sokotra und auf den Komoren weitverbreitet.
 Royena : Sie wird oft als Synonym von Diospyros geführt, aber wenn Royena in Diospyros enthalten ist/wäre dann ist sie paraphyletisch (siehe auch Diskussion in Duangjai et al. 2006). Das Verbreitungsgebiet ist Afrika mit einem Zentrum der Artenvielfalt in der Capensis.

Nutzung
Einige Arten liefern sehr wertvolles Holz, verschiedene Ebenholz-Arten. Es gibt mehrere Obstarten, die wichtigste ist die Kaki.

Quellen
 Die Familie der Ebenaceae bei der APWebsite. (Abschnitte Systematik und Beschreibung)
 Die Familie der Ebenaceae bei DELTA. (Abschnitt Beschreibung)

Literatur
 James E. Eckenwalder: In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Hrsg.): Flora of North America : North of Mexico. Volume 8: Paeoniaceae to Ericaceae. Oxford University Press, New York / Oxford 2009, ISBN 978-0-19-534026-6. Ebenaceae Gürke. S. 247 – textgleich online wie gedrucktes Werk (Abschnitt Beschreibung).
 Shugang Li, Michael G. Gilbert, Frank White: In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven (Hrsg.): Flora of China. Volume 15: Myrsinaceae through Loganiaceae, Science Press und Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing und St. Louis, 1996, ISBN 0-915279-37-1. Ebenaceae., S. 215 - textgleich online wie gedrucktes Werk. (Abschnitt Beschreibung)
 Bruno Wallnöfer: A revision of Lissocarpa Benth. (Ebenaceae subfam. Lissocarpoideeae (Gilg in Engler) B. Walln.) In: Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, Serie B, 105, 2004, S. 515–564 ().
 Bruno Wallnöfer: Ebenaceae. In: O. Hokche, P. E. Berry, O. Huber (Hrsg.): Nuevo Catálogo de la Flora Vascular de Venezuela, 2008, S. 356–357.
 Sutee Duangjai, Bruno Wallnöfer, Rosabelle Samuel, Jérôme Munzinger, Mark W. Chase: Generic delimitation and relationships in Ebenaceae sensu lato: evidence from six plastid DNA regions. In: American Journal of Botany, Volume 93, Issue 12, 2006, S. 1808–1827: Volltext online.
 Anke Geeraerts, Joost A. M. Raeymaekers, Stefan Vinckier, Annelies Pletsers, Erik F. Smets, Suzy Huysmans: Systematic palynology in Ebenaceae with focus on Ebenoideae: Morphological diversity and character evolution. In: Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology. Volume 153, Issues 3-4, 2009, S. 336–353.

Einzelnachweise

Weblinks

 Steckbrief des Botanischen Gartens Tübingen.

Weiterführende Literatur

 George E. Schatz, Porter P. Lowry II: Nomenclatural notes on Malagasy Diospyros L. (Ebenaceae). In: Adansonia, Volume 33, Issue 2, 2011, S. 271–281.  Volltext-PDF bei ResearchGate.
 George E. Schatz, Porter P. Lowry, Cyrille Mas et al.: Further Nomenclatural Notes on Malagasy Diospyros L. (Ebenaceae): Goudot Types in the Geneva herbarium. In: Candollea, Volume 68, Issue 2, 2013, S. 307.
 George E. Schatz, Porter P. Lowry: Taxonomic Studies of Diospyros (Ebenaceae) from the Malagasy Region. III. New Species from the Island of Nosy Mangabe in the Bay of Antongil. In: Novon, Volume 26, Issue 3, 2018, S. 272.
 Rosabelle Samuel, Barbara Turner, Sutee Duangjai et al.: Systematics and evolution of the Old World Ebenaceae, a review with emphasis on the large genus Diospyros and its radiation in New Caledonia. In: Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, Volume 189, Issue 2, 2019, S. 99.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Lennart Koskinen (born November 12, 1944 in Helsinki), is a clergyman in the Church of Sweden. He was Bishop of Visby between 2003 and 2011.

Koskinen is a member of the Elijah Interfaith Institute Board of World Religious Leaders.

References

1944 births
Living people
Clergy from Helsinki
Finnish emigrants to Sweden
Swedish people of Finnish descent
Bishops of Visby


There was a small Card Captor Sakura Festival event during the summer vacation (August 1999) at Sunshine City. It was being held at the same time as the Pokemon Battle World event, so there weren't that many people.
The Card Captor Sakura Festival had a few displays of Sakura (probably life sized), many games and prizes for kids, a small video theater, displays of Sakura goods, and a store where they sold lots of Card Captor Sakura goods.


EASEUS Partition Master 11.9 Portable Free Download Latest Version for Windows. Its full offline installer standalone setup of EASEUS Partition Master 11.9.
EASEUS Partition Master 11.9 is handy software which can modify your hard drive and move, copy the partitions. This software is considered as the leading brands of disk management utilities. It is visually very attractive and you will use it very easily. You can also download Partition Magic.
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text:
New Mural In Galveston Celebrates Juneteenth Holiday
Published June 18, 2021 at 12:11 PM EDT
The new Juneteenth mural is located at the site of the issuance of General Order No. 3, which demanded "absolute equality" between enslaved Texans and former slave owners after the Emancipation Proclamation. (Elizabeth Trovall/Houston Public Media)
On June 19, 1865, in downtown Galveston, Maj. Gen. Gordon Granger issued General Order No. 3, which demanded "absolute equality" among enslaved people and slaveholders.
That day, which led to the liberation of enslaved people across Texas, is now celebrated as Juneteenth.
Now a new 5,000-square-foot mural marks the spot where General Order No. 3 was issued. It faces a parking lot that was formerly Union soldier headquarters at the corner of Strand and 22nd streets.
Public artist Reginald C. Adams and his creative team painted the mural — which includes several scenes, or "portals" — in less than a month. Large painted words at the bottom read "Absolute Equality" — the mural's name.
The most prominent portal features Granger. Behind him stand Black Union soldiers, whose faces portrayed in the mural are actually based off the artistic team's.
"With that issuance of General Order No. 3 came thousands of soldiers, Union soldiers, many colored soldiers that essentially spread throughout Texas, spread out this part of the area to force slave owners, property owners, human traffickers to release more than 250,000 enslaved Blacks throughout the state of Texas," Adams said.
The scene is a favorite for Samuel Collins III, who's taken lead on the project as a historian and co-founder of the Juneteenth Legacy Project.
"It's not a piece of paper that freed the enslaved people of Texas," said Collins, who has been attending Juneteenth celebrations in Galveston since he was a kid. "It was the men with the guns who arrived in the blue uniforms, 75% of them being in Black bodies."
"These patriots that helped to save America, that helped to save the Union and helped to bring Texas back into compliance under the American flag, they have for too long been left out of the story," Collins said.
On private tours, Collins helps visitors dive deeper into the Juneteenth history inside the Juneteenth Legacy Project headquarters, the Old Galveston Square Building, on which the mural is painted.
"Individuals have been able to come inside and see the art exhibit and hear more of the story," Collins said. "Because behind the paint and the plaster are the bricks that were laid by the enslaved individuals for the building, and the fingerprints of those enslaved are in some of those bricks."
Collins said he's ecstatic about how Juneteenth's legacy will grow with this project — and he's excited about it becoming a national holiday.
"This story is too important to be kept a secret, and it's too important to the healing of America and to the repair work that needs to be done so that we can be a better country going forward," Collins said.
The Old Galveston Square Building is owned by the family of Sheridan Lorenz, the other co-founder of the Juneteenth Legacy Project, who also provided seed money for the mural.
Collins reached out to her last Juneteenth after she wrote an op-ed for the Galveston Daily News in the wake of George Floyd's murder. Lorenz, a white woman, wrote in the op-ed that white Americans must stop being "complicit" and fight to heal social inequities.
"(Collins') inspiration to do this just fell in my lap," said Lorenz, who quickly agreed to help get the mural started.
The Juneteenth Legacy Project has also promoted education through an art and literacy contest for area schools. And they invited art students from nearby La Marque High School to participate in the mural, like 18-year-old DaMarques Hurte who spent a day with the muralists.
Hurte and other students met with the project's artistic team and were taught Juneteenth history, performed in a drum circle and learned "sacred geometry" — geometric drawings with symbolic meaning — that now makes up a section of the Juneteenth mural in Galveston.
"I'm really proud of myself that I got to do that," said Hurte, who is also one of the winners of the Juneteenth art contest. "That's something that I think I'm going to remember forever."
Even on a slow-moving weekday, the mural turns heads in Galveston.
During the month his team was painting the mural, Adams said he and his artists received loads of praise.
"On weekends there would be hundreds of people taking pictures, taking selfies, shouting us out, people honking," Adams said. "To receive that kind of affirmation of what you're doing, it's just a beautiful feeling."
Adams said he hasn't received any negative feedback — even though it may ruffle feathers of some Southerners.
"There's people with Confederate flags on their storefronts to this date, on this street, step foots away from here," Adams said. "So do they buy into this whole picture? No. But do they buy into the beauty of it? Absolutely."


text:
Deaths from cardiovascular diseases attributable to heat and cold down 38% in Spain
by Barcelona Institute for Global Health
Temperature-related mortality has been decreasing in Spain over the past four decades, according to a new study led by the Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), a research centre supported by la Caixa. The study analysed the Spanish population's vulnerability to hot and cold temperatures in the context of global warming.
The study, published in The Lancet Planetary Health, analysed temperatures and deaths related to cardiovascular diseases recorded in 48 Spanish provinces between 1980 and 2016. Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in Spain and there is clear evidence of an association between temperature and cardiovascular mortality.
The findings show that temperature-related cardiovascular disease mortality was 38.2 percent lower in the period between 2002 and 2016 than for the period between 1980 and 1994. Analysis of the data in 15-year periods revealed that temperature-related cardiovascular mortality decreased at a rate of more than 17 percent per decade.
Specifically, heat-related cardiovascular mortality for the period 2002-2016 was more than 42 percent lower in men and more than 36 percent lower in women than in 1980 to 1994, while cold-related mortality was 30 percent lower in women and nearly 45 percent lower in men.
Notable differences were observed between the sexes: Heat-related mortality was much higher in women, while men were more vulnerable to cold temperatures. In older people, the risk of death attributable to high temperatures was significantly higher for both sexes, but in the case of cold, the increase was significant only for men.
"We observed two parallel phenomena," explained Hicham Achebak, a researcher at ISGlobal and the Centre for Demographic Studies (CED) and lead author of the study. "First, over the past four decades, the mean temperature has risen by nearly 1°C. The trend is toward fewer days of moderate or extreme cold temperatures and more days of high temperatures. Second, the Spanish population has adapted to both cold and warm temperatures. The number of deaths at a given temperature is lower now than it was four decades ago."
The adaptation observed appears to be due to socioeconomic development and structural improvements—including improvements in housing conditions and health care systems. The authors highlighted a number of socioeconomic developments in Spain, including increases between 1991 and 2009 in per capita income (€8,700 to €22,880) and per capita health care spending (€605 to €2,182). In addition, between 1991 and 2011, the proportion of households with central heating went from 25.8 percent to 56.9 percent while the proportion of households with air conditioning rose from 4.16 percent in 1991 to 35.5 percent in 2008.
"The Spanish population has demonstrated a considerable capacity to adapt to rising temperatures," commented Joan Ballester, ISGlobal researcher and coordinator of the study. "However, as this has not necessarily been the result of a strategy to mitigate the consequences of climate change, it is possible that this adaptive response is limited and will not be sustained at higher temperatures, as climate warming accelerates."
Decline in heat-related deaths in Spain despite rising summer temperatures
More information: Hicham Achebak et al, Trends in temperature-related age-specific and sex-specific mortality from cardiovascular diseases in Spain: a national time-series analysis, The Lancet Planetary Health (2019). DOI: 10.1016/S2542-5196(19)30090-7
Provided by Barcelona Institute for Global Health
Citation: Deaths from cardiovascular diseases attributable to heat and cold down 38% in Spain (2019, June 24) retrieved 19 July 2019 from https://medicalxpress.com/news/2019-06-deaths-cardiovascular-diseases-attributable-cold.html
The incidence of gastrointestinal disease increases with heat and cold
Moderate and extreme temperatures could increase the risk of occupational injuries
Hot or cold, rural residents more vulnerable to extreme temperatures
Death rates will rise because of global warming
The 2008 recession associated with greater decline in mortality in Europe


What has been missing in Connecticut is a comprehensive and consistently implemented statewide strategy grounded in the proven elements of education reform: higher standards, greater freedom to innovate, more parental choices, better teacher and principal recruitment and development and increased transparency and accountability for results. Connecticut's own experience over the past decade, and the lessons from states across the country, demonstrate that significant progress is only possible when each of these critical elements is in place. What would such a package of reforms look like? In this report, we recommend a six-year, $1.3 billion commitment grounded in five big ideas.


This calculation is in small calories. There are a thousand calories in a food Calorie, or large Calorie.
To convert calories to Calories, divide the number of small calories by 1000.
This activity has been reproduced from "Measuring Calories" by Robert Williss.


down 15% for the same time frame.
get into the market! Call Kate or Tony Thomas today!
My Business coach, Ken Goodfellow, sends me a "Monday Momentum" email. I thought this week's was particularly good, so I asked him if I could share. Thanks Ken.
Do you ever see people that just seem to have it all together? People that are just so calm, cool and collected about everything?
If you have actual goals that you are working towards.
If you have a plan that you are following.
If you have a schedule that works and you have the discipline to follow.
If all areas in your life are kept well balanced.
So if you want to take control and have a great day, week, and month try following the above. It will help.
In our effort to always bring cutting edge marketing to our clients, we have just introduced QR codes on our listing yard signs. We were first to use 800 #s, then texting and now QR. So What's QR Code?
QR codes are like a UPC code in the grocery store, except instead of recording a price and a SKU, when you scan them with your smart phone, they take you directly to a web page. Below is a QR code for our home page at www.newalbanyohio.com.
What's the Real Estate App?
Okay, so, you're driving along beautiful Elm St and you see the home of your dreams with one of our For Sale Signs in the yard. It has a QR code. Roll down your window, pick up your smart phone, zoom in on the QR code and scan. You will be immediately taken to the specific web page for this home. take a virtual tour, get all the details and pricing info and never leave your car. WOW!
How Do I get my home sold quickly with QR technology?
Ackerly Park Parade of Homes Sneak Peek!
Last week, we (New Albany REALTORs) went on a walk-thru of the 8 amazing new homes under construction in Ackerly Park here in New Albany. We saw some exciting new things like a flat screen fireplace (really!), green (as in grass) roof, lovely master bedroom coffee bar, closet complete with rotating shoe carousel, and a very cool modern fireplace wall insert. Incredible new garage flooring and outside entertainment patio masterpieces took our breath away!
It's no surprise that kitchens and bathroom continue to be very important and Parade attendees will not be disappointed. This year's Parade kitchens and bathroom will highlight the latest and greatest in appliances, cabinetry, lighting, storage options, and plumbing fixtures.
Single Ticket admissions are available at the Parade site. Ticket Price: $12, Parking: $2 per car, Children 12 and under free. New this year is the Kids Village – a great entertainment venue within the parade for kids only! Bring them along this year to have fun of their own!
Kate joined her friends from the New Albany Women's Network (NAWN) for a docent lead visit to the new Polar Frontier exhibit at the Columbus Zoo . She said it was just incredible and snapped a few pics for me to include.
This brand new multi-$million is just opening. It's just part of the continuing newness and excitement that helps keep the Columbus Zoo and Aquarium ranked #1 in the country. It's another reason why New Albany Ohio is such a great place to live.
The leading web site for all things Real Estate in New Albany, NewAlbanyOhio.com , has a bold new look. Check it out! We've kept the features you love, like searching New Albany Homes by price and updated our layout for easier use.
Now you can see real time New Albany real estate trendswith a click of your mouse. you can subscribe to have this data emailed to you automatically, or just come back at your convenience to check.
New Albany McMansions…Are They Selling?
What's Going on with New Albany's Big Homes ?
People often ask me, "Wow, what's going on the all the big $ Million homes on the market in New Albany, aren't they selling?" The short answer is yes they are. But when we look back in time and dig a little we can see some interesting things emerge.
While there is no denying that a reduction from 23 homes sold in 2005 to 7 homes sold in 2009 is staggering, closer examination reveals that much of the fall off was in new construction. The resale for large homes market didn't really move that much; 5 to 4.
Good News for Sellers of $1M+ Resale Homes? Yes and no.
So far this year there have 5 sales In New Albany vs 7 for all of last year. There are far fewer new McMansions for sale with which to compete. But, as of this posting there are over thirty $1M+ available for sale. Based on even the accelerated rate of sales for the first four months, that's a 24 month supply of inventory.
The large number of $1M+ New Albany homes currently for sale might give the impression that sales are off. But in fact, resale is slightly ahead of historic levels. It is the inventory level that is high. Unfortunately, for those of us who own these homes, there will continue to be price compression until the inventory comes more into balance with supply.
In today's challenging real estate market, selecting the right Real Estate professional to market and sell your home is more important than ever. Your ability succeessfully acomplish your goals is very much linked to the decision you make regarding the Real Estate agent with whom you list your home.
There a great may good Reators from which to choose; so how do you do it? The best method is a personal referral from a friend or family member who has used a Realtor and was pleased with their experience.
You should list with a neighborhood expert. You want the Realtor listing you New Albany home to be the expert in the area; one with the knowledge, expertise, marketing savy and the respect of the Realtor community to get the job done.
Remember, a really good Realtor sells 20 -25% of his or her own listings. That means that there is a &5-80% chance that your home will be sold to someone who is working with another Realtor. You want you listing agent to be well known and respected by other Realtors.
How many homes do you sell per year? How long does it take your listings to sell vs the market average? What is your list price – sales price ratio vs the market? What is the average price poing of the homes you sell? How many homes have you sold in my neighborhood in the past 12 months? Do you have a team? Do you have a strong web presence?
If you live in the New Albany and want to sell you home, just call Kate & Tony at New Albany Realty. We'll take great care of you and get you the results you want.


Dark Obsession is an aromatic Oriental fragrance for men by Calvin Klein. Dark, opulent and addictive, Dark Obsession is described as powerfully masculine and intensely sensual. The scent is bold and dashing and will cling to you for hours, ensuring you receive positive attention and unending compliments.


2.5″ wide x 4″ long.
IMPORTANT : a separate PayPal invoice for shipping will be sent if you are located outside of North America. Please email assetskate@gmail.com for any inquiry.
Harfang Wheels is only providing a platform to sell this great product. All the money goes to Asset and they will proceed and ship your order. For this reason, combined orders with this product are not available.
The Asset 2 in 1 skateboard footstop brings the answer to an overly asked question: does anyone have a skate tool?
Until now having a tool available has been a bit of a pain, trying to store one in your leathers or pockets without compromising safety is on everyone's mind. The Asset footstop holds a custom made skate tool so you can swap wheels or make adjustments at a moments notice.
Keep track of your tool, skate tools are often left behind or passed on but no one seems to have one. Before you drop in check your foot and make sure the tool is firmly planted back in place so you can ride away and worry less about swapping wheels.
This concept was created to aid any freeride skater who has a serious habit of burning through wheels, Riders that tear up race wheels, or people who commit to one set up for all disciplines and just need to make adjustments between terrain.
We hope you enjoy the Asset footstop as much as we do.
Please email assetskate@gmail.com for information.


text:
Founded in 2011, Border Crossing is a literary and arts journal published by the Lake Superior State University Creative Writing Program. Uniquely situated on the border of the United States and Canada, we're committed to publishing the best work...
Subgenres: Cross-genre, Experimental, Flash Fiction, Graphic/Illustrated, Humor, Formal Poetry, Prose Poetry, Narrative Nonfiction, Literary Fiction, Translation
Borderlands: Texas Poetry Review
Borderlands is a literary journal based in Austin, Texas, that publishes poetry as well as reviews, essays and visual art series. We publish work of merit that exhibits social, political, geographical, historical or spiritual awareness....
Reading Period: Jan 15 to Dec 15
BorderSenses Literary & Arts Journal
BorderSenses Literary and Arts Journal is an annual print publication that provides a venue for emerging and established writers/artists from the U.S.-Mexico border area and beyond to share their words and images.
We seek poetry, fiction,...
Reading Period: Jan 16 to Jun 16
Borrowed Solace is published twice yearly and includes creative nonfiction, fiction, poetry, and art. Since the beginning, we at Borrowed Solace have committed to reading each and every submission and letting the words...
Subgenres: Cross-genre, Experimental, Fiction, Flash Fiction, Formal Poetry, Humor, Literary Fiction, Nonfiction, Poetry
Bosque (the Magazine)
Bosque is committed to bringing quality fiction to print. We welcome submissions from previously unpublished as well as published writers.
Boston Literary Magazine
Boston Literary Magazine is dedicated to helping writers get published. We don't accept every submission we receive, but we offer feedback and encouragement, and you are always welcome to re-submit material after you've refined it.
Boston Review is a nonpartisan magazine of ideas: animated by hope, committed to equality and reason, convinced that the imagination eludes political categories.
Reading Period: Sep 15 to Jun 15
We believe that creative and critical work should be presented in a magazine in a variegated yet coherent and balanced way. We seek writihg that both stimulates our minds and touches our hearts.
Reading Period: Oct 2 to Apr 30
Bourbon Penn
Bourbon Penn is a print and online magazine featuring stories of imagination and the odd.
Subgenres: Cross-genre, Experimental
Boxcar Poetry Review
Interested in work that moves us. Transport us someplace new through lyric, narrative, image, and voice. Surprise us. Surprise yourself.
Bracken publishes fiction, poetry, and art. For fiction, we seek lyrical, character-driven stories inspired by the woods and old-world storytelling. We lean towards literary fiction and magic realism. In poetry, we look for natural-world, and...
Subgenres: Flash Fiction, Literary Fiction, Poetry, Prose Poetry
Breadcrumbs Mag
Breadcrumbs Mag is an exercise in motivation and shared inspiration, a chance to create when otherwise your professional life might not give you reason to, an outlet to plant the seeds of an idea and watch where they can go — through your own...
Breakwater Review
Breakwater Review seeks to promote literature that doesn't stand still. A Breakwater is "a barrier built out into a body of water to protect a coast or harbor from the force of waves." But as a literary journal, we're more interested in the waves...
Breathe Free Press
Breathe Free Press is an online magazine of resistance and awareness, dedicated to literary essayism testing patterns of perception attentive to language and cultural associations: Essays that subvert imposed constraints of genre conventions....
Reading Period: Jun 1 to Dec 31
Subgenres: Cross-genre, Experimental, Nonfiction
Brevity
Brevity publishes well-known and emerging writers working in the extremely brief (750 words or less) essay form. We have featured work from two Pulitzer prize finalists, many NEA fellows, Pushcart winners, Best...
Subgenres: Autobiography/Memoir, Experimental, Narrative Nonfiction, Nonfiction
Brick is an international literary magazine based in Toronto, Canada, and edited by Michael Redhill, Linda Spalding, Michael Helm, Rebecca Silver Slayter, Laurie D Graham, and Martha Sharpe. Published twice a year, the magazine is a beautifully...
Bridge Eight Literary Magazine
Bridge Eight Literary Magazine publishes work that is fiercely human in that it speaks to the heart of who we are as a collective. We publish pieces online that explore the deeper parts of our natures and have had the privilege to...
Bridge Ink
Bridge Ink focuses on young adult creative writers, ages 13 to 18. All genres are accepted with a focus on poetry.
Subgenres: Cross-genre, Experimental, Fiction, Flash Fiction, Graphic/Illustrated, Literary Fiction, Micro-poetry, Nonfiction, Poetry, Prose Poetry
Bridge: The Bluffton University Literary Journal
Welcome to Bridge: The Bluffton University Literary Journal. We are committed to young writers- so committed in fact, that we only publish work by writers age 14-24. We are looking for writing that demonstrates virtuosity and wonder, ...
Subgenres: Autobiography/Memoir, Experimental, Feminist, Fiction, Flash Fiction, Graphic/Illustrated, Historical, Humor, Journalism/Investigative Reporting, LGBTQ Voices, Literary Fiction, Love, Micro-poetry, Narrative Nonfiction, Nature/Environmental, Nonfiction, Poetry, Political, Pop Culture, Prose Poetry, Regional, Religious/Spiritual, War
Brief Wilderness
We're a collection of independent writers and visual artists looking to explore the (seemingly empty) space between ourselves and the other, whether it be another person, the natural world or maybe even another plane of existence.
Subgenres: Erotica, Fiction, Graphic/Illustrated, Poetry, Serialized Fiction
Brilliant Flash Fiction
We seek out voices that are fresh and surprising, welcoming submissions of 1,000 words or less on a year-round basis. Our writing contests offer cash prizes with no entry fee four times a year.
Broad River Review
We publish fiction, poetry, and creative nonfiction. We also encourage visual artists to submit for possible cover art. In addition, we sponsor two contests, the Rash Awards, with $500 first prizes in fiction and poetry.
Reading Period: Feb 1 to Apr 15
Subgenres: Autobiography/Memoir, Flash Fiction, Literary Fiction, Narrative Nonfiction, Regional
Broad Street is an interdisciplinary non-profit magazine featuring the very best that creative non-fiction has to offer in an ever-expanding set of subgenres. We are an intersection where truth-telling prose, poetry, artwork, and interviews with...
Subgenres: Autobiography/Memoir, Cross-genre, Experimental, LGBTQ Voices, Graphic/Illustrated, Historical, Formal Poetry, Nature/Environmental, Prose Poetry, Narrative Nonfiction, Pop Culture, Journalism/Investigative Reporting, Translation
Broadsided Press
Broadsided Press publishes original, high-quality collaborations between writers and visual artists (if selected for publication, a visual artist will respond to your writing) and gets them onto streets around the world. Broadsided modernizes the...
Reading Period: Sep 15 to May 15
Brooklyn Rail
Founded in October 2000 and currently published 10 times annually, the Brooklyn Rail provides an independent forum for arts, culture, and politics throughout New York City and far beyond. Our journal, in addition to featuring local...
Subgenres: Experimental, Fiction, Nonfiction, Poetry, Political, Pop Culture, Translation


text:
Q: Java: How to access a field that's being changed in a loop from another method? Here's the code:
public void play() {
        Action  action;
        Place   place   = getPlace(0);
        Item    item    = new Item("placeholder","a placeholder");
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        String  text;

        System.out.println(getDescription());
        while (null != place) {
            System.out.println(place.getDescription());
            place.printItemDescription();
            text    = scanner.nextLine();
            action  = getAction(text, place);
            if (text.startsWith("pick up")){
                String obtain[] = text.split(" ");
                label = obtain[2];
                for (int i=0; i<place.itemList.size(); i++){
                     if (label.equals(place.itemList.get(i).getLabel())){
                        itemList.add(place.itemList.get(i));
                        place.itemList.remove(place.itemList.get(i));
                    }else{System.out.println("There's no " + label + " in this place.");}
                }
            }
            else if (text.startsWith("put down")){
                String remove[] = text.split(" ");
                label = remove[2];
                for (int i=0; i<itemList.size(); i++){
                    if (label.equals(itemList.get(i).getLabel())){
                        place.itemList.add(itemList.get(i));
                        itemList.remove(i);
                    }//else{System.out.println("Not a valid action");} Not yet working
                  }
            }
            else if (text.startsWith("inventory")){
                System.out.println("Your inventory contains:");
                for (int i=0; i<itemList.size(); i++){
                   System.out.println(itemList.get(i).getLabel());
                }
            }
            else if (null != action) {
                if (checkReq(action) && checkForbidden(action)){
                    System.out.println(action.getDescription());
                    place   = action.getNext();
                }
                else if(!checkReq(action)){
                    System.out.println("You do not have the required item.");
                }
                else if(!checkForbidden(action)){
                    System.out.println("You have something that you cannot bring with you.");
                }
            }
        }
    }

This is a snippet of a text game I'm working on. I have classes for Place, Action, and Item. I'm trying to create methods to put under the else and if else statement so instead of having:
  if (text.startsWith("pick up")){
                String obtain[] = text.split(" ");
                label = obtain[2];
                for (int i=0; i<place.itemList.size(); i++){
                     if (label.equals(place.itemList.get(i).getLabel())){
                        itemList.add(place.itemList.get(i));
                        place.itemList.remove(place.itemList.get(i));
                    }else{System.out.println("There's no " + label + " in this
                      place");}

I would just have:
if (text.startsWith("pick up")){pickUp(text);}

where pickup is a method I write that contains all the code in that if statement above. I want to do this so the code is clearer, and I can unit test those methods instead of trying to unit test this play() method which is pretty bloated.
The problem I'm having is the local variables. I know I can't access them in other methods. I was thinking that I could make them global variables, and while that would work for most, it doesn't work for place because place is going to change as the while loop runs. So I'm stuck and I was wondering if their was a way to do this or if I'm looking at this the wrong way.

A: The common approach is to create separate methods for the condition blocks... e.g.
pickUp(String text, Action action)


New to this Forum, HI from Frozen Minnesota!!
Welcome to the forum from eastern NE. Lots of great info on this site for you to search out. If you have a specific question or two, ask away and lots of folks will chime in.
Welcome to the forum from Nebraska. Hoperfully those issues can be easily cleared up.
Welcome from eastern NE. Sounds like you have it made in the shade.
I similarly put the Tailgater on the roof with stainless, large head, screws. Then ran the coax down to the convenience center. No problems and generally pretty good reception.
We have a 2006 Montana with MorrRyde and Dexter suspension.
Welcome from Nebraska. Have been bourbon touring thru your state now for a week or so the last few summers. Great times.
My extensions are plastic and they just stay on.
Welcome to the forum from Nebraska. "Retirement" camping is great and you have nice country near you to do it in. Enjoy.
Welcome to the forum from eastern Nebraska. Enjoy it and your new rig.
Welcome to the forum from Nebraska.
Weclome from eastern Nebraska. Enjoy the forum and your new rig.
I concur with re-winterizing as this winter has been crazy unpredictable.
Welcome to the forum from eastern Nebraska. Enjoy your summer in that new rig.
Welcome to the forum from Nebraska. Enjoy it and your new to you rig.
welcome to the forum from NE. Enjoy your rig.
One of the numbers/letters in your VIN probably is a code for that info. Info should be in your book or online.
Mixed bag of weather out there, what's yours.
Welcome from Nebraska. Lots of great info and folks here. Regarding a tow vehicle, hard to find one too big.


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text:
Q: Return zero in a count query with GROUP BY In my table of repairs, i want count cars in each status (1,2,3 and 4):
Status 1: 5
Status 2: 0
Status 3: 6
Status 4: 3

As it shows, no cars on status 2, so, i did the same query 4 times with "WHEN status == 'n' to count in each status, and works fine.
Now i want to do in only one query, but in my query:

select status,count(car_id) from repairs GROUP BY status.

show me this:
Status 1: 5
Status 3: 6
Status 4: 3

A: You're going to need a source, probably a table, which contains every status which you want to appear in the report.  One way would be the "calendar table" approach where you join a table containing every status to your current query, e.g.
SELECT
    t1.status,
    COALESCE(t2.car_cnt, 0) AS car_cnt
FROM
(
    SELECT 1 AS status UNION ALL   -- replace this ad-hoc subquery with
    SELECT 2 UNION ALL             -- an actual "calendar" table of statuses
    SELECT 3 UNION ALL             -- or if you already have such a table, use that
    SELECT 4
) t1
LEFT JOIN
(
    SELECT status, COUNT(car_id) AS car_cnt
    FROM repairs
    GROUP BY car_id
) t2
    ON t1.status = t2.status

A: Try this:
SELECT status, count(car_id)
FROM repairs GROUP BY car_id
UNION
SELECT status, 0
FROM repairs WHERE status NOT IN
(SELECT status FROM repairs GROUP BY car_id);


Moving to the Center Already?
African Americans -- and a lot of other people -- better hunker down for some disappointment. Their hero is already getting fitted for the economic and political straitjacket he'll wear for the next four years. The Middle East wars will rage on and that shiny piggy bank known as the U.S. Treasury will be busted. As black folks always say, when they let us take over, you know things are pretty dire.
I'm not making any predictions. McCain has to flip Pennsylvania--period. Obama was crushed in PA in the primary, but the general is a different matter. His recently revealed comment about "bankrupting the coal industry" might help, except the coal belt of PA is out west, where McCain is already strong. Philadelphia probably doesn't care, but should, given the continuing slow decline of the Pennsylvania economy.
If Pelosi and Reid (or the protean presidential heir-apparent) raise the fairness doctrine as a bill, rather than as a feudal decree by Duke FCC of Airwaveland, then conservatives are at least in the game.
When liberal politicians are compelled to defend the policy openly, Constitution-minded politicians (and radio-listening citizens) can quote Reagan's veto of a previous attempt to legislate it.
If the article about the potential disappointment among liberals (especially young liberals) and blacks is correct, the turning point and moment of greatest opportunity for conservatives will be precisely when that disappointment begins to crystallize and make itself heard. That's what conservatives need to spend the next several months preparing for and working toward. As many of us here have argued for months (or is it years?), conservatives will go nowhere in this country if they don't learn how to make inroads among the young and with minorities. This doesn't mean kowtowing and pandering. It means political persuasion of the highest sort. Time to get to work.


text:
EUR-Lex - 32004R0638 - EN
Document 32004R0638
Document summary
Up-to-date link
Regulation (EC) No 638/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 31 March 2004 on Community statistics relating to the trading of goods between Member States and repealing Council Regulation (EEC) No 3330/91
OJ L 102, 7.4.2004, p. 1–8 (ES, DA, DE, EL, EN, FR, IT, NL, PT, FI, SV)
Special edition in Czech: Chapter 02 Volume 016 P. 64 - 71
Special edition in Estonian: Chapter 02 Volume 016 P. 64 - 71
Special edition in Latvian: Chapter 02 Volume 016 P. 64 - 71
Special edition in Lithuanian: Chapter 02 Volume 016 P. 64 - 71
Special edition in Hungarian Chapter 02 Volume 016 P. 64 - 71
Special edition in Maltese: Chapter 02 Volume 016 P. 64 - 71
Special edition in Polish: Chapter 02 Volume 016 P. 64 - 71
Special edition in Slovak: Chapter 02 Volume 016 P. 64 - 71
Special edition in Slovene: Chapter 02 Volume 016 P. 64 - 71
Special edition in Bulgarian: Chapter 02 Volume 016 P. 207 - 214
Special edition in Romanian: Chapter 02 Volume 016 P. 207 - 214
Special edition in Croatian: Chapter 02 Volume 004 P. 263 - 270
In force: This act has been changed. Current consolidated version: 17/07/2014
ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2004/638/oj
Avis juridique important
32004R0638
Official Journal L 102 , 07/04/2004 P. 0001 - 0008
Regulation (EC) No 638/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council
of 31 March 2004
on Community statistics relating to the trading of goods between Member States and repealing Council Regulation (EEC) No 3330/91
THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION,
Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Community, and in particular Article 285(1) thereof,
Having regard to the proposal from the Commission,
Having regard to the opinion of the European Economic and Social Committee(1),
Acting in accordance with the procedure laid down in Article 251 of the Treaty(2),
Whereas:
(1) Council Regulation (EEC) No 3330/91 of 7 November 1991 on the statistics relating to the trading of goods between Member States(3) introduced a completely new system of data collection, which has been simplified on two occasions. In order to improve the transparency of this system and to make it easier to understand, Regulation (EEC) No 3330/91 should be replaced by this Regulation.
(2) This system should be retained, as a sufficiently detailed level of statistical information is still required for the Community policies involved in the development of the internal market and for Community enterprises to analyse their specific markets. Aggregated data also need to be available quickly in order to analyse the development of the Economic and Monetary Union. Member States should have the possibility of collecting information which meets their specific needs.
(3) There is, however, a need to improve the wording of the rules on compiling statistics relating to the trading of goods between Member States so that they can be more easily understood by the companies responsible for providing the data, the national services collecting the data and users.
(4) A system of thresholds should be retained, but in a simplified form, in order to provide a satisfactory response to users' needs whilst reducing the burden of response on the parties responsible for providing statistical information, particularly small and medium-sized enterprises.
(5) A close link should be maintained between the system for collecting statistical information and the fiscal formalities which exist in the context of trade of goods between Member States. This link makes it possible, in particular, to check the quality of the information collected.
(6) The quality of the statistical information produced, its evaluation by means of common indicators and transparency in this field are important objectives, which call for regulation at Community level.
(7) Since the objective of the planned action, namely the creation of a common legal framework for the systematic production of Community statistics relating to the trading of goods between Member States, cannot be sufficiently achieved at national level and can be better achieved at Community level, the Community may adopt measures, in accordance with the principle of subsidiarity as set out in Article 5 of the Treaty. In accordance with the principle of proportionality, as set out in that Article, this Regulation does not go beyond what is required to achieve this objective.
(8) Council Regulation (EC) No 322/97 of 17 February 1997 on Community statistics(4) provides a reference framework for this Regulation. However, the very detailed level of information in the field of statistics relating to the trading of goods requires specific rules with regard to confidentiality.
(9) It is important to ensure the uniform application of this Regulation and, in order to do so, to make provision for a Community procedure to help determine the implementing arrangements within an appropriate timescale and to make the necessary technical adaptations.
(10) The measures necessary for implementation of this Regulation should be adopted in accordance with Council Decision 1999/468/EC of 28 June 1999 laying down the procedures for the exercise of implementing powers conferred on the Commission(5),
HAVE ADOPTED THIS REGULATION:
This Regulation establishes a common framework for the systematic production of Community statistics relating to the trading of goods between Member States.
For the purpose of this Regulation, the following definitions shall apply:
(a) "goods": all movable property, including electric current;
(b) "specific goods or movements": goods or movements which, by their very nature, call for specific provisions, and in particular industrial plants, vessels and aircraft, sea products, goods delivered to vessels and aircraft, staggered consignments, military goods, goods to or from offshore installations, spacecraft, motor vehicle and aircraft parts and waste products;
(c) "national authorities": national statistical institutes and other bodies responsible in each Member State for producing Community statistics relating to the trading of goods between Member States;
(d) "Community goods":
(i) goods entirely obtained in the customs territory of the Community, without addition of goods from third countries or territories which are not part of the customs territory of the Community;
(ii) goods from third countries or territories which are not part of the customs territory of the Community, which have been released for free circulation in a Member State;
(iii) goods obtained in the customs territory of the Community either from the goods referred to exclusively in point (ii) or from the goods referred to in points (i) and (ii);
(e) "Member State of dispatch": the Member State as defined by its statistical territory from which goods are dispatched to a destination in another Member State;
(f) "Member State of arrival": the Member State as defined by its statistical territory in which goods arrive from another Member State;
(g) "goods in simple circulation between Member States": Community goods dispatched from one Member State to another, which, on the way to the Member State of destination, travel directly through another Member State or stop for reasons related only to the transport of the goods.
1. Statistics relating to the trading of goods between Member States shall cover dispatches and arrivals of goods.
2. Dispatches shall cover the following goods leaving the Member State of dispatch for a destination in another Member State:
(a) Community goods, except goods which are in simple circulation between Member States;
(b) goods placed in the Member State of dispatch under the inward processing customs procedure or the processing under customs control procedure.
3. Arrivals shall cover the following goods entering the Member State of arrival, which were initially dispatched from another Member State:
(b) goods formerly placed in the Member State of dispatch according to the inward processing customs procedure or the processing according to customs control procedure, which are maintained according to the inward processing customs procedure or the processing according to customs control procedure or released for free circulation in the Member State of arrival.
4. Different or specific rules, to be determined in accordance with the procedure referred to in Article 14(2), may apply to specific goods or movements.
5. Some goods, a list of which shall be drawn up in accordance with the procedure referred to in Article 14(2), shall be excluded from the statistics for methodological reasons.
Statistical territory
1. The statistical territory of the Member States shall correspond to their customs territory as defined in Article 3 of Council Regulation (EEC) No 2913/92(6) of 12 October 1992 establishing the Community Customs Code.
2. By way of derogation from paragraph 1, the statistical territory of Germany shall include Heligoland.
1. A specific data collection system, hereinafter referred to as the "Intrastat" system, shall apply for the provision of the statistical information on dispatches and arrivals of Community goods which are not the subject of a single administrative document for customs or fiscal purposes.
2. The statistical information on dispatches and arrivals of other goods shall be provided directly by customs to the national authorities, at least once a month.
3. For specific goods or movements, sources of information other than the Intrastat system or customs declarations may be used.
4. Each Member State shall organise the way Intrastat data is supplied by the parties responsible for providing information. To facilitate the task of these parties, the conditions for increased use of automatic data processing and electronic data transmission shall be promoted by the Commission (Eurostat) and the Member States.
Reference period
1. The reference period for the information to be provided in accordance with Article 5 shall be the calendar month of dispatch or arrival of the goods.
2. The reference period may be adapted to take into account the linkage with value added tax (VAT) and customs obligations, pursuant to provisions adopted in accordance with the procedure referred to in Article 14(2).
Parties responsible for providing information
1. The parties responsible for providing the information for the Intrastat system shall be:
(a) the natural or legal person registered for VAT in the Member State of dispatch who:
(i) has concluded the contract, with the exception of transport contracts, giving rise to the dispatch of goods or, failing that,
(ii) dispatches or provides for the dispatch of the goods or, failing that,
(iii) is in possession of the goods which are the subject of the dispatch;
(b) the natural or legal person registered for VAT in the Member State of arrival who:
(i) has concluded the contract, with the exception of transport contracts, giving rise to the delivery of goods or, failing that,
(ii) takes delivery or provides for delivery of the goods or, failing that,
(iii) is in possession of the goods which are the subject of the delivery.
2. The parties responsible for providing information may transfer the task to a third party, but such transfer shall in no way reduce the responsibility of the said party.
3. Failure by any party responsible for providing information to fulfil his/her obligations under this Regulation shall render him/her liable to the penalties which the Member States shall lay down.
1. National authorities shall set up and manage a register of intra-Community operators containing at least the consignors, upon dispatch, and the consignees, upon arrival.
2. In order to identify the parties responsible for providing information referred to in Article 7 and to check the information which is provided, the tax administration responsible in each Member State shall furnish the national authority:
(a) at least once a month, with the lists of natural or legal persons who have declared that, during the period in question, they have supplied goods to other Member States or acquired goods from other Member States. The lists shall show the total values of the goods declared by each natural or legal person for fiscal purposes;
(b) on its own initiative or at the request of the national authority, with any information provided for fiscal purposes which could improve the quality of statistics.
The arrangements for the communication of the information shall be determined in accordance with the procedure referred to in Article 14(2).
This information shall be treated by the national authority in accordance with the rules applied to it by the tax administration.
3. The tax administration shall bring to the attention of VAT-registered traders the obligations which they may incur as parties responsible for providing the information required by Intrastat.
Intrastat information to be collected
1. The following information shall be collected by the national authorities:
(a) the identification number allocated to the party responsible for providing information in accordance with Article 22(1)(c) of the Sixth Council Directive 77/388/EEC of 17 May 1977 on the harmonisation of the laws of the Member States relating to turnover taxes - common system of value added tax: uniform basis of assessment(7), in the version given in Article 28h thereof;
(b) the reference period;
(c) the flow (arrival, dispatch);
(d) the commodity, identified by the eight-digit code of the Combined Nomenclature as defined in Council Regulation (EEC) No 2658/87 of 23 July 1987 on the tariff and statistical nomenclature and on the Common Customs Tariff(8);
(e) the partner Member State;
(f) the value of the goods;
(g) the quantity of the goods;
(h) the nature of the transaction.
Definitions of the statistical data referred to in points (e) to (h) are given in the Annex. Where necessary, the arrangements for the collection of this information, particularly the codes to be employed, shall be determined in accordance with the procedure referred to in Article 14(2).
2. Member States may also collect additional information, for example:
(a) the identification of the goods, at a more detailed level than the Combined Nomenclature;
(b) the country of origin, on arrival;
(c) the region of origin, on dispatch, and the region of destination, on arrival;
(d) the delivery terms;
(e) the mode of transport;
(f) the statistical procedure.
Definitions of the statistical data referred to in points (b) to (f) are given in the Annex. Where necessary, the arrangements for the collection of this information, particularly the codes to be employed, shall be determined in accordance with the procedure referred to in Article 14(2).
Simplification within the Intrastat system
1. In order to satisfy users' needs for statistical information without imposing excessive burdens on economic operators, Member States shall define each year thresholds expressed in annual values of intra-Community trade, below which parties are exempted from providing any Intrastat information or may provide simplified information.
2. The thresholds shall be defined by each Member State, separately for arrivals and dispatches.
3. For defining thresholds below which parties are exempted from providing any Intrastat information, Member States shall ensure that information referred to in Article 9(1), first subparagraph, points (a) to (f), made available by the parties responsible for providing information, is such that at least 97 % of the relevant Member State's total trade expressed in value is covered.
4. Member States may define other thresholds below which parties may benefit from the following simplification:
(a) exemption from providing information about the quantity of the goods;
(b) exemption from providing information about the nature of the transaction;
(c) possibility of reporting a maximum of 10 of the detailed relevant subheadings of the Combined Nomenclature, that are the most used in terms of value, and regrouping the other products in accordance with rules determined in accordance with the procedure referred to in Article 14(2).
Every Member State applying these thresholds shall ensure that the trade of these parties shall amount to a maximum of 6 % of its total trade.
5. Member States may, under certain conditions, which meet quality requirements and which shall be defined in accordance with the procedure referred to in Article 14(2), simplify the information to be provided for small individual transactions.
6. The information on the thresholds applied by the Member States shall be sent to the Commission (Eurostat) no later than 31 October of the year preceding the year to which they apply.
Where the parties who have provided information so request, the national authorities shall decide whether statistical results which make it possible indirectly to identify the said provider(s) are to be disseminated or are to be amended in such a way that their dissemination does not prejudice statistical confidentiality.
Transmission of data to the Commission
1. Member States shall transmit to the Commission (Eurostat) the monthly results of their statistics relating to the trading of goods between Member States no later than:
(a) 40 calendar days after the end of the reference month for the aggregated data to be defined in accordance with the procedure referred to in Article 14(2);
(b) 70 calendar days after the end of the reference month in the case of detailed results including the information referred to in Article 9(1), first subparagraph, points (b) to (h).
As regards the value of the goods, the results shall include the statistical value only, as defined in the Annex.
Member States shall transmit to the Commission (Eurostat) the data which are confidential.
2. Member States shall provide the Commission (Eurostat) with monthly results which cover their total trade in goods by using estimates, where necessary.
3. Member States shall transmit the data to the Commission (Eurostat) in electronic form, in accordance with an interchange standard. The practical arrangements for the transmission of data shall be determined in accordance with the procedure referred to in Article 14(2).
1. Member States shall take all measures necessary to ensure the quality of the data transmitted according to the quality indicators and standards in force.
2. Member States shall present to the Commission (Eurostat) a yearly report on the quality of the data transmitted.
3. The indicators and standards enabling the quality of the data to be assessed, the structure of the quality reports to be presented by the Member States and any measures necessary for assessing or improving the quality of the data shall be determined in accordance with the procedure referred to in Article 14(2).
Committee procedure
1. The Commission shall be assisted by a Committee for the statistics on the trading of goods between Member States.
2. Where reference is made to this paragraph, Articles 5 and 7 of Decision 1999/468/EC shall apply, having regard to the provisions of Article 8 thereof.
The period laid down in Article 5(6) of Decision 1999/468/EC shall be set at three months.
3. The Committee shall adopt its Rules of Procedure.
Repeal
1. Regulation (EEC) No 3330/91 is hereby repealed.
2. References to the repealed regulation shall be construed as being made to this Regulation.
This Regulation shall enter into force on the 20th day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union.
It shall apply from 1 January 2005.
This Regulation shall be binding in its entirety and directly applicable in all Member States.
Done at Strasbourg, 31 March 2004.
For the European Parliament
P. Cox
For the Council
D. Roche
(1) OJ C 32, 5.2.2004, p. 92.
(2) Opinion of the European Parliament of 16 December 2003 (not yet published in the Official Journal) and Council Decision of 22 March 2004.
(3) OJ L 316, 16.11.1991, p. 1. Regulation as last amended by Regulation (EC) No 1882/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council (OJ L 284, 31.10.2003, p. 1).
(4) OJ L 52, 22.2.1997, p. 1. Regulation as amended by Regulation (EC) No 1882/2003.
(6) OJ L 302, 19.10.1992, p. 1. Regulation as last amended by Regulation (EC) No 2700/2000 of the European Parliament and of the Council (OJ L 311, 12.12.2000, p. 17).
(7) OJ L 145, 13.6.1977, p. 1. Directive as last amended by Directive 2004/15/EC (OJ L 52, 21.2.2004, p. 61).
(8) OJ L 256, 7.9.1987, p. 1. Regulation as last amended by Commission Regulation (EC) No 2344/2003 (OJ L 346, 31.12.2003, p. 38).
DEFINITIONS OF STATISTICAL DATA
1. Partner Member State
(a) The partner Member State is the Member State of consignment, on arrival. This means the presumed Member State of dispatch in cases where goods enter directly from another Member State. Where, before reaching the Member State of arrival, goods have entered one or more Member States in transit and have been subject in those States to halts or legal operations not inherent in their transport (e.g. change of ownership), the Member State of consignment shall be taken as the last Member State where such halts or operations occurred.
(b) The partner Member State is the Member State of destination, on dispatch. This means the last Member State to which it is known, at the time of dispatch, that the goods are to be dispatched.
2. Quantity of the goods
The quantity of the goods can be expressed in two ways:
(a) the net mass, which means the actual mass of the goods excluding all packaging;
(b) the supplementary units, which mean the possible units measuring quantity other than net mass, as detailed in the annual Commission regulation updating the Combined Nomenclature.
3. Value of the goods
The value of the goods can be expressed in two ways:
(a) the taxable amount, which is the value to be determined for taxation purposes in accordance with Directive 77/388/EEC;
(b) the statistical value, which is the value calculated at the national borders of the Member States. It includes only incidental expenses (freight, insurance) incurred, in the case of dispatches, in the part of the journey located on the territory of the Member State of dispatch and, in the case of arrivals, in the part of the journey located outside the territory of the Member State of arrival. It is said to be a fob value (free on board) for dispatches, and a cif value (cost, insurance, freight) for arrivals.
4. Nature of the transaction
The nature of transaction means the different characteristics (purchase/sale, work under contract, etc.) which are deemed to be useful in distinguishing one transaction from another.
5. Country of origin
(a) The country of origin, on arrivals only, means the country where the goods originate.
(b) Goods which are wholly obtained or produced in a country originate in that country.
(c) Goods whose production involved more than one country shall be deemed to originate in the country where they underwent their last, substantial, economically justified processing or working in a company equipped for that purpose, resulting in the manufacture of a new product or representing an important stage of manufacture.
6. Region of origin or destination
(a) The region of origin, on dispatch, means the region of the Member State of dispatch where the goods were produced or were erected, assembled, processed, repaired or maintained; failing that, the region of origin is the region where the goods were dispatched, or, failing that, the region where the commercial process took place.
(b) The region of destination, on arrival, means the region of the Member State of arrival where the goods are to be consumed or erected, assembled, processed, repaired or maintained; failing that, the region of destination is the region to which the goods are to be dispatched, or, failing that, the region where the commercial process is to take place.
7. Delivery terms
The delivery terms mean those provisions of the sales contract which lay down the obligations of the seller and the buyer respectively, in accordance with the Incoterms of the International Chamber of Commerce (cif, fob, etc.).
8. Mode of transport
The mode of transport is determined by the active means of transport by which the goods are presumed to be going to leave the statistical territory of the Member State of dispatch, on dispatch, and by the active means of transport by which the goods are presumed to have entered the statistical territory of the Member State of arrival, on arrival.
9. Statistical procedure
The statistical procedure means the different characteristics which are deemed to be useful in distinguishing different types of arrivals/dispatches for statistical purposes.


For the second time in just three weeks, a Fontana boy has died after falling off his bike.
And this time, no cars or drivers were involved.
According to a news release from the Fontana Police Department, a group of boys were riding their bike together at an apartment complex on the 9200 block of Citrus Ave around 3 pm Sunday.
An 11-year old boy somehow touched wheels with the eight-year old riding ahead of him, and fell off his bike after crashing into his handlebars.
His mother tried to drive him to the emergency room, but stopped to call for help along the way. Paramedics arrived to provide care and take the boy the rest of the way to a Fontana hospital, where he was pronounced dead.
No ID has been been provided for the victim.
Police note that neither child was wearing a helmet, despite California law requiring a bike helmet for any child under 18. However, they added that it did not appear to be a factor in this crash, suggesting that he did not die from a head injury.
This is at least the 17th bicycling fatality in Southern California this year, and the fourth I'm aware of in San Bernardino County.
He's also the second child to die in Fontana after falling off his bike in the last three weeks; a 13-year old boy was killed after allegedly falling in front of an oncoming car last month.
My deepest sympathy and prayers for the vicitm and all his family and loved ones.
We pray for the family and friends of the young victim of this tragedy.


text:
Q: Do images really have to fill the entire page width? On this question on tex.SE (and on many, many other posts on several sites) I once again noticed that pictures uploaded are always made full page width.
This is often way too much for the image. For example in the linked question, I uploaded a math-formatted equation. That would fill the whole width and become enormous. So I have to append white-space on either side of it and upload it like that.
Is there no way to set image sizes? At least to set the sizes to the original image sizes - I would understand issues with users setting their own dimensions, but at the very least the picture should not be shown in larger dimensions that what it is uploaded in.

A: AFAIK images can be in any size. Stack Exchange do not automatically resize any images if they are not wider than post area width. Oversized images will fit in the post area. Too big images will make your post less readable. You can manually resize it with Imgur's service.
An image doesn't necessarily occupy a full line,  yes.


Infertility is always a distress, regardless of the family in which it happens. Registered marriage or not - does not matter. Russia recognizes the right of any couple to continue the race via ART, regardless of whether their relationship is officially registered.
A man and a woman who are not married can jointly implement a surrogacy program. This directly and unequivocally establishes Federal Law No. 323 "On the basis of the protection of the health of citizens of the Russian Federation". From a medical point of view, there are no differences between married or not married couple. In the reproductive clinic chosen by the patients, the usual procedure of IVF is carried out: the woman's eggs in vitro are fertilized by the sperm of her partner, and the got embryos (two max) are transferred to surrogate.
However, when registering a surrogate child in the registry offices, problems may arise.
That is why when organizing a surrogacy program for not officially married couple, special attention should be paid to qualified legal support, taking into account the peculiarities of the matrimonial status of patients.
The selection of a surrogate can be complicated by the fact that not all surrogates are ready to bear a child for an open relations couple.
Usually, even in large clinics queues for them can be up to a year or more. Sometimes clients, trying to save money or shorten the waiting time, are engaged in the selection of their own surrogate. The Internet is replete with ads from the so-called "experienced surrogates". In fact, they most often turn out to be fraudsters or simply dishonest women.
Legal registration of the program due to the abundance of documents necessary for signing is very difficult and it is almost impossible to carry out independently, in private. If the parents are engaged in legal nuances on their own or trust this process not to lawyers, but to doctors or lawyers specializing in other branches of law, your child will highly likely have to register through court.
The European Center of Surrogate Motherhood is a link between those who would like to become parents via surrogacy and those women who would like to help them.
All surrogate from our own database are fully examined, motivated for the result and ready to join the program immediately. If the customer has special requirements for a surrogate, for example, for her education, creed or nationality, you can be sure that there will certainly be a suitable candidate in our own database.
Together with the leading Russian and foreign reproduction clinics and the Rosjurconsulting international law company, we organize turnkey surrogacy programs, up to receiving the birth certificate of your child with your names in the "father" and "mother" columns.