text:
On normalizers of maximal subfields of division algebras
M. Motiee
Faculty of Basic Sciences, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Shariati Ave., Babol, Post Code 47148-71167, Iran.
Here, we investigate a conjecture posed by Amiri and Ariannejad claiming that if every maximal subfield of a division ring $D$ has trivial normalizer, then $D$ is commutative. Using Amitsur classification of finite subgroups of division rings, it is essentially shown that if $D$ is finite dimensional over its center then it contains a maximal subfield with non-trivial normalizer if and only if $D^*$ contains a non-abelian soluble subgroup. This result generalizes a theorem of Mahdavi-Hezavehi and Tignol about cyclicity of division algebras of prime index.
Division algebras
cyclic algebras
soluble groups
16-XX Associative rings and algebras
M. Amiri and M. Ariannejad, Frobenius kernel and Wedderburn's little theorem, Bull. Iranian Math. Soc. 40 (2014), no. 4, 961--965.
S.A. Amitsur, Finite subgroups of division rings, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 80 (1955) 361--386.
P.K. Draxl, Skew Fields, Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, 1983.
R. Hazrat, M. Mahdavi-Hezavehi and M. Motiee, Multiplicative groups of division rings, Math. Proc. R. Ir. Acad. 114A (2014), no. 1, 37--114.
R. Hazrat and A.R. Wadsworth, On maximal subgroups of the multiplicative group of a division algebra, J. Algebra 322 (2009), no. 7, 2528--2543.
T. Keshavarzipour and M. Mahdavi-Hezavehi, Crossed product conditions for central simple algebras in terms of irreducible subgroups, J. Algebra 315 (2007), no. 2, 738--744.
T.Y. Lam, A First Course in Noncommutative Rings, Grad. Texts in Math. 131, Springer-Verlag, 2nd edition, New York, 2001.
M. Mahdavi-Hezavehi, Free subgroups in maximal subgroups of GL1(D), J. Algebra 241 (2001), no. 2, 720--730.
M. Mahdavi-Hezavehi and M. Motiee, Division algebras with radicable multiplicative groups, Comm. Algebra 39 (2011), no. 11, 4084--4096.
M. Mahdavi-Hezavehi and M. Motiee, A criterion for the triviality of G(D) and its applications to the multiplicative structure of D, Comm. Algebra 40 (2012), no. 7, 2645--2670.
M. Mahdavi-Hezavehi and J.-P. Tignol, Cyclicity conditions for division algebras of prime degree, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 131 (2003), no. 12, 3673--3676.
D.J.S. Robinson, A Course in The Theory of Groups, Grad. Texts in Math. 80, Springer-Verlag, 2nd edition, New York, 1996.
J. Tits, Free subgroups in linear groups, J. Algebra 20 (1972) 250--270.
J.H.M. Wedderburn, A theorem on finite algebras, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 6 (1905), no. 3, 349--352.
Receive Date: 18 September 2015
Revise Date: 21 December 2016
Accept Date: 22 December 2016
First Publish Date: 30 November 2017
Motiee, M. (2017). On normalizers of maximal subfields of division algebras. Bulletin of the Iranian Mathematical Society, 43(6), 2051-2056.
M. Motiee. "On normalizers of maximal subfields of division algebras". Bulletin of the Iranian Mathematical Society, 43, 6, 2017, 2051-2056.
Motiee, M. (2017). 'On normalizers of maximal subfields of division algebras', Bulletin of the Iranian Mathematical Society, 43(6), pp. 2051-2056.
Motiee, M. On normalizers of maximal subfields of division algebras. Bulletin of the Iranian Mathematical Society, 2017; 43(6): 2051-2056.


text:
Home » Entertainment » The Notorious Bettie Page Actress Gretchen Mol's Marital Life
The Notorious Bettie Page Actress Gretchen Mol's Marital Life
Posted on May 19, 2022, Julie
The American actress Gretchen Mol is a famous name in the Hollywood Film Industry. Mol never misses a chance to attract fans from her incredible acting skills. Among other roles, Gretchen is famous for portraying the title character in the biographical film The Notorious Bettie Page.
Mol's other movies and TV show credits include Yellowstone, Broadwalk Empire, The Thirteen Floor, Nightflyers, etc. Gretchen attended The American Musical and Dramatic Academy. Mol earned an impressive sum of wealth from her two-decades-long acting career. Mol has an approximate net worth of $8 million.
What about Mol's marital life? Is the actress a married woman or living a single life at the moment? Know about Gretchen and her husband's married life in the following sections.
Who Is Gretchen Mol's Husband?
The 49 aged Cradle Will Rock actress Gretchen is in a blissful marital relationship with her beloved husband, Tod Williams, aka Kip Williams.
Image: The Notorious Bettie Page actress Gretchen Mol with her husband, Tod Williams
Source: Instagram @gretchen_mol
The 53-years-old Tod is an American director who has worked in Cell, Paranormal Activity 2, The Door in the Floor, and The Adventures of Sebastian Cole. Likewise, William is also a producer and writer. The 6-feet-5-inch (196 cm) tall Tod studied painting and literature at Columbia University.
In A Marital Relationship Since 2004
How and when the actress Gretchen and filmmaker Tod met one another is unclear. But, as per some sources, the couple dated several years before exchanging the wedding vows.
Snap: Gretchen Mol and Tod Willaims tied the wedding knot on June 1, 2004
Mol and Williams walked down the wedding aisle on June 1, 2004. They tied the knot in an intimate ceremony held in front of their close ones. So, the detailed information is lacking. As of now, the Girls Club actress Gretchen and her husband Tod are sharing a heath bond as perfect married partners.
Also, know the marital relationship of Yellowstone actor Luke Grimes.
The husband-wife duo is soon celebrating their 18th wedding anniversary in June 2022. Tod is not active on social media, but Gretchen sometimes shares pictures with her spouse on her verified Instagram account. On June 12, 2020, sharing a wedding image, Mol said, "Happy 16th Anniversary to the love my life."
Photo: Gretchen Mol with her husband Tod Williams and kids Ptolemy John Williams (son), Winter Morgan Williams (daughter)
Mr. and Mrs. Williams shared two adorable kids from a strong marital relationship. Their first child, a son, Ptolemy John Williams, was born on October 10, 2007. Similarly, Gretchen and her husband Tod became parents for the second time on February 17, 2011, welcoming daughter Winter Morgan Williams.
As of now, Gretchen and Tod are jointly parenting their children. Ptolemy, 14, and his sister Winter, 11, are also gaining fame as celebrity kids. They often feature on the post updated by Gretchen on her social sites.
Keep Visiting Favebites
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Blake Lively Inez Reynolds Time Of Birth, Daughter of Blake Lively
Yvonne Senat

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text:
A status referendum was held on the island of Sint Eustatius on 14 October 1994, alongside simultaneous referendums on Bonaire, Saba and Sint Maarten. A majority voted for maintaining the status quo.

Result

See also
1994 Bonaire status referendum
1994 Saban status referendum
1994 Sint Maarten status referendum

References

1994
1994
Sint Eustatius
1994 referendums
1994 in the Netherlands Antilles
October 1994 events in North America

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
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House Bill Would Criminalize Social Media Postings Supporting "White Supremacy" Or "Replacement Theory"
by Tyler Durden
Tuesday, Jan 17, 2023 - 05:25 PM
Authored by Jonathan Turley,
The anti-free speech movement in the United States continues to grow with alarming speed among writers, journalists, academics, and most importantly Democratic members of Congress. Members now openly call for censorship and the manipulation of what citizens see and read. Yet, even in this environment, a recent proposed by Rep. Sheila Jackson Lee (D., Tx.) is a menacing standout. Jackson has introduced a bill that is an almost impenetrable word salad of convoluted provisions. However, what is clear (perhaps the only clear thing) is that the "Leading Against White Supremacy Act of 2023" would gut the First Amendment and create effective thought crimes. The bill is not going to pass. However, the anti-free speech elements of the bill are deeply disturbing because they reflect successful efforts at speech criminalization in other countries. It also reflects elements in a bill that I testified against last year in the Senate.
The criminal penalty is based on this general provision:
(a) In General.—A person engages in a white supremacy inspired hate crime when white supremacy ideology has motivated the planning, development, preparation, or perpetration of actions that constituted a crime or were undertaken in furtherance of activity that, if effectuated, would have constituted a crime.
Thus, anyone who is accused of white supremacy ideology (as both to other race-based ideologies) can be charged if such views have "motivated" others to plan or perpetrate criminal acts. It is a criminal hate speech law that would violate core principles of the First Amendment. It makes clear that the accused does not actually have to support or conspire in a crime. Even being accused of espousing "replacement theory" is enough to generate a federal charge.
The "Great Replacement Theory" was the focus of a Senate Judiciary Committee hearing last year, in which Democrats alleged that Republicans — and Fox News in particular — are "radicalizing" domestic terrorists with rhetoric opposing illegal immigration. (I testified at the hearing). Members advocated legislation to force the FBI to focus on such theories as dangerous white supremacy threats.
The Jackson bill would allow postings on social media to be the basis for criminal charges:
(B) at least one of whom published material advancing white supremacy, white supremacist ideology, antagonism based on "replacement theory", or hate speech that vilifies or is otherwise directed against any non-White person or group, and such published material—
(i) was published on a social media platform or by other means of publication with the likelihood that it would be viewed by persons who are predisposed to engaging in any action in furtherance of a white supremacy inspired hate crime, or who are susceptible to being encouraged to engage in actions in furtherance of a white supremacy inspired hate crime…
Once again, this is so flagrantly unconstitutional on so many levels from free speech to vagueness that it is actually impressive. It is easy, however, to dismiss except that such criminal penalties exist in other countries like England where even a silent prayer is a criminal offense when done near an abortion clinic.
Last year, Nicholas Brock, 52, was convicted of a thought crime in Maidenhead, Berkshire. The neo-Nazi was given a four-year sentence for what the court called his "toxic ideology" based on the contents of the home he shared with his mother in Maidenhead, Berkshire.
While most of us find Brock's views repellent and hateful, they were confined to his head and his room. Yet, Judge Peter Lodder QC dismissed free speech or free thought concerns with a truly Orwellian statement: "I do not sentence you for your political views, but the extremity of those views informs the assessment of dangerousness."
Lodder lambasted Brock for holding Nazi and other hateful values:
"[i]t is clear that you are a right-wing extremist, your enthusiasm for this repulsive and toxic ideology is demonstrated by the graphic and racist iconography which you have studied and appeared to share with others…"
Even though Lodder agreed that the defendant was older, had limited mobility, and "there was no evidence of disseminating to others," he still sent him to prison for holding extremist views.
After the sentencing Detective Chief Superintendent Kath Barnes, Head of Counter Terrorism Policing South East (CTPSE), warned others that he was going to prison because he "showed a clear right-wing ideology with the evidence seized from his possessions during the investigation….We are committed to tackling all forms of toxic ideology which has the potential to threaten public safety and security."
"Toxic ideology" also appears to be the target in Ireland with the recently proposed Criminal Justice (Incitement to Violence or Hatred and Hate Offences) law. It would criminalize the possession of material deemed hateful. The law is a free speech nightmare. The law makes it a crime of possession of harmful material" as well as "condoning, denying or grossly trivialising genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity and crimes against peace." The law expressly states the intent to combat "forms and expressions of racism and xenophobia by means of criminal law."
What is so striking about the law is that it allows for the prosecution of citizens for "preparing or possessing material likely to incite violence or hatred against persons on account of their protected characteristics." That could sweep deeply into not just political but literary expression.
Once again, the Jackson bill will thankfully die in the House. However, it reflects the same erosion of free speech values that we have seen in other countries from Canada to Germany to the United Kingdom.
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It's one of the most recognizable places on earth. So it was quite the surprise to be walking through the little town of Salisbury, England and see an ad for Stonehenge on the side of the bus. "Well, duh. The famous Salisbury plains." So it was wandering around town to find the bus station to see if I could find a ride out there. Unfortunately the last tour bus had already left. The nice people at the tour bus place suggested I take a bus to a nearby town and then catch a cab to Stonehenge. They even introduced me to a Japanese couple trying to do the same thing. We were eventually joined by some American kids. I can't say enough about this tour bus company: they arranged a taxi for all of us, called when the taxi was late, and even negotiated a rate less than the tour bus. The Brits really take care of their tourists!
Bobbie had warned me that this UNESCO world heritage site sat in the middle of a field. It sure does. The road not only runs next to one of the key rocks, but it actually runs through the ancient wider circle that makes up Stonehenge. They have even found more stones and holes in the area where they built the parking lot.
Several of the tourists pointed out that it seemed smaller than they expected. Maybe. The parking lot was much smaller than a typical American highway rest stop, so this thing isn't huge, but the stones used to build Stonehenge were pretty darned impressive.
One thing I didn't realize was how much misinformation is out there about Stonehenge. For example, the experts know exactly where the stones came from – and there are two different types. The rumor of the druids using Stonehenge? False. Never happened. There is a sacrifice stone so it seems clear that the place was an unhappy ending for some. Stonehenge was built in stages: it originally was just some earthen circles called a 'henge' (around 3050BC) and later involved placing some of the smaller stones (2500BC). These were later moved around as the bigger were added (1500BC). So what about the solar and celestial alignment? On that it seems that there is some conflicting evidence. Some of it might be true, but the research exhibit at Stonehenge suggests that it is a coincidence at best.
The bigger stones in the pictures are called Sarsen stones and they were brought from the Marlborough Downs about 19 miles away. The smaller stones are called Bluestones. They have a different feel to them and are from the Preselia Mountains in Wales. They were brought by barge/boat over a distance of about 240 miles. In between the rearranging of the stones there was a wooden structure (est. 2600BC) built right in what is now the circle of Bluestones. An "avenue" led from the outside to the center. There are also ancient burial grounds.
Overall it was a pretty impressive place. It was an unexpected surprise for me to get to see it and I could help but wonder how surprised the farmers must have been who first herded their sheep around these stones. Even today, just mere feet from these ancient rocks you could still find sheep in the pasture.


Never wonder which WordPress plugins are trustworthy, thanks to your StudioPress Site's repository of one-click solutions for the premium functionality you desire. Choose from an ever-expanding selection including WooCommerce, Design Palette Pro, AMP, Beaver Builder Lite, OptinMonster, AffiliateWP, Soliloquy Lite, Easy Digital Downloads, Restrict Content Pro, Ninja Forms, WPForms Lite, and more to come.
Never wonder which plugins are trustworthy, thanks to your StudioPress Site's repository of one-click solutions for the functionality you desire. Choose from an ever-expanding selection including WooCommerce, Design Palette Pro, AMP, Beaver Builder Lite, OptinMonster, AffiliateWP, Soliloquy Lite, Easy Digital Downloads, Restrict Content Pro, Ninja Forms, WPForms Lite, and more to come.


text:
@class BaseRequest;

@interface FFHBQueryDoReq : WXPBGeneratedMessage
{
}

+ (void)initialize;

// Remaining properties
@property(retain, nonatomic) BaseRequest *baseRequest; // @dynamic baseRequest;
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AVg and it is updated daily.
Yeah . . . Norton.
Norton and I regularly update it.
Yes, I've used Norton for years and I've been very happy with it. I update it 1-2 times a week, and it runs a full scan once a week.
I do. You'd be surprised how many people DON'T, though, and how many people don't realize that the absence of a good antivirus program means you're pretty much guaranteed to end up with some kind of malware on your computer. I sat down at a client's computer just yesterday (he couldn't access the internet) and discovered that his copy of Norton antivirus had been EXPIRED since 2004. After I got his internet connection back up and running, I downloaded AVG and did a full scan - which discovered over 1,000 infected files on his computer... It took me 3 hours to disinfect his machine, and cost him $300...all because he didn't understand the importance of an antivirus program.
I run AVG 8.0 for virus (scans,updates & deletes virus all on its own) spybot search & destroy 6.1 (scans,updates & deletes virus all on its own) superantispyware Malwarebytes anti-malware (this program is needed for new virus anti-virus2009) Glary Utilities (registry repair plus more) zonealarm IE Privacy Keeper use to run Nortons, but why pay for something that all free can do as well and take up less space doing it. never have any problems I work on more computers that have little or no protect than any other problem. People just don't understand what can happen to a computer with no protection. the highest # of virus was over 3000 on one PC.
Yes and yes ... along with firewalls and frequent backups too.
Avast, macfee enterprise, and vista firewall. I also Vist www.grc.com for firewall tests often. My antiviruses update automaticly whenever an update is avalible. Also I use Windows defender and windows update regularly.
trend anti virus never lets me down forone second..always on..always guarding me against viscious viruses..i have it set to update automatically once a week. that makes me feel safe and sound.
yes i try to keep up with things,the security anti virus system that came with my laptop is norton,i hope its a good system.
yes i use nortan 2009, and it is updated every hour. i think this is better than any antivirus or internet security ,if u have minimum of 1GB of RAM.
It is necessary to have good Antivirus. But just Antivirus is not enough to protect you. Better to have complete security which includes Firewall, Antivirus, Antispyware, Antilogger, etc. If you do not use Internet, its ok to have just Antivirus but if you surf Internet, you must have complete Internet Security. I have two laptops, so, I use two Internet Securities: BitDefender Internet Security 2009 and Norton 360 v2. Both are effective, light weight and high defense. I am fully satisfied with these two securities.
Protecting your computer ia a absolute must. First start with the Bitdefender internet security suite, www.bitdefender.com. Blows Norton out of the water. Then purchase "The Spy Sweeper", www.webroot.com and the free version of "SuperAntiSpyware" from SuperAntiSpyware.com. Then purchase "The Window Washer" once again from www.webroot.com to shred all contents of your web surfing. Then download Tor from www.tor.org an anonymizing sofeware developed by the U.S. Naval Reasearch Lab (it's freeware). Also make sure you use Firefox as your browser. Once again Norton is outdated and no longer a top notch product.
Yes. I use Nod32 Anti-Virus. It keeps update automatically and scand your downloads etc. Very effective and it also doesn't slow down your computer/laptop. It's about 27mb which is the best yet. I recommend Nod32 and Avast as they both do a good job and Avast is free. You have to buy Nod32 however there are loads of ways to get it free/cracked. Here asre some websites below. http://nod321.com http://for-ever.cn/nod32 http://keygen.in http://nod32sky.com Another good software to keep you protected is A-Squared free. It's a malware scanner but also detects and removes trojans, spyware, rookits, dialers etc.
I do. I'm currently using Nod32 and it gets definition updates every 24 hours. I also check windows update every friday afternoon and run a full system scan when that is finished.
Hello. Hope you are fine. yes, keeping updated is more secure. Thank you.
I use F-Protect as well. It was provided for free by my Internet provider (Shaw) in Canada. I always had troubles with the other ones, especially Norton!
Avira, and I let it keep itself up to date. I have yet to see it go a day without updating at least once, and occasionally more often.
I use microsoft's new free antivirus program, Microsoft Security Essentials, and when I downloaded and installed a program, it had adware in it and Microsoft Security Essentials IMMEDIATELY found it and corrected the problem. I'm very pleased so far.
Do you use Firefox? Do you like it?
Are you so curious that you click on pop-ups without regard to the possibility that you might pick up a virus?
Do you think young children should have their own computers, or is it better for them to use a supervised family computer in a central location?


Finding the right axle nut sockets is important as it can be an essential took when working on your vehicle. You will need to make sure that the one you purchase will be able to work with the locknuts from your specific vehicle. Although many people do not do a lot of research into what they need to buy specifically when it comes to auto tools, it is extremely important so you will want to find out all of the necessary details before making a final purchase. Most of the time you will find that these sockets will only work with certain specific make and model vehicles, so you will need to be absolutely sure that you have purchased what you need. The last thing you want is to have to return or exchanged whatever you purchased because you later discovered it wasn't what you needed after all. The internet is filled with possibilities when it comes to where you will be able to purchase these and you certainly shouldn't limit yourself as to where you can go to get a set that you will need to remove nuts from inside your vehicle.
These sockets can easily be found in most of your local auto part supply stores, but you will need to look around first before making a final decision so you will know that you are getting the best deal possible. Keep in mind that there is a lot to choose from and you will certainly want to do everything you can to ensure that you get what you need for a reasonable price. You will also have different choices with regards to the manufacturer of the axle nut sockets you buy, so make sure to look around and check out all of the different companies that make these. The company that makes the auto tools you purchase to work on your vehicle will certainly be important, because it will say something significant about the overall quality of the tool. There are going to be dozens if not hundreds of different websites to look at and you will want to make sure to go on at least a few of them before making up your mind as to which one you want to buy from. Some of them overcharge for the tools they sell and you certainly don't want to get ripped off.
Axle nut sockets are actually a very common and useful tool for working on cars and trucks, but you will still need to make sure that you get exactly what you need. Chances are a majority of the websites you go on to look at these parts will have detailed information about what types of vehicles they work with. You will need to look at this information very carefully, because in order to get your order right the first time it will be necessary to stop and think about what make and model your own vehicle is versus what you need in an axle nut socket.
Usually these sockets come in sets, so you will be able to save time going to get multiple sizes. It is of course extremely important to make sure that you pay a fair price for the set you buy and to do that you will have to look around a little bit work. You should also know which factors will ultimately affect how much you will pay. The brand name that is associated with the sockets you get will definitely affect how much you pay, but a higher price will most likely mean better quality. Those who are trying to buy a set of these sockets on a budget will definitely want to look all over the web before deciding on a certain place, because this will help you in determining which store will be the cheapest while still offering quality tools.
It is highly recommended that you get a set of performance axle nut sockets so you will be able to count on them lasting for a long time. With metal auto tools rust can certainly be a concern, but with these parts which are sometimes made out of stainless steel you will be able to get what you need and keep them for years after the initial purchase. Before you decide on where you want to buy them from and which specific sockets you want, it will be necessary to make sure to look around and take your time, because doing so will end up saving you quite a bit of time and money.


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text:
Hatred and violence against LGBT and transgender people increased more than any other type of hate crime last year
Hate crime directed at gay, lesbian and transgender people grew more than any other types of discrimination last year, figures have revealed.
By Susie Beever
Hate crime directed at gay, lesbian and transgender people grew more than any other types of discrimination last year
A report published by the Home Office today (Tuesday) showed reports of hate crime in England and Wales rose by eight per cent in the year ending March 2020, but homophobic and transphobic-associated crimes saw spikes of 19 and 16 per cent respectively.
Racist crimes remain the biggest issue, with 72,070 racially-motivated crimes reported to police forces last year equating to 72 per cent of all hate crime. Racial hate crimes also rose by six per cent from the year before with local statistics showing victims as young as two-years-old.
Hate crimes against those with disabilities also rose by nine per cent, while religious hate crimes fell for the first time since 2012 by five per cent.
The figures, which don't include those from Greater Manchester Police, show there were 15,835 hate crimes motivated by a person's sexual orientation and 2,540 based on a person's gender identity.
There were also 8,469 crimes against people with disabilities last year and 6,822 against people based on their perceived faith.
Over half (53 per cent) of all hate crimes recorded were public order offences, such as people using threatening or hateful language or insults against others, while more than a third (38 per cent) involved violence.
Five per cent of hate crimes were classed as criminal damage, such as racist graffiti or vandalism at places of worship.
Graph issued by PA Media showing the rise in hate crime in England and Wales since 2012
There is no regional breakdown for the figures, but Freedom of Information data provides insight into hate crime statistics in Yorkshire.
North Yorkshire Police recorded 139 crimes which were homophobic or transphobic and 65 disability crimes. The same force charged 43 people over hate crimes in the period.
West Yorkshire Police recorded 7,923 racial hate crimes between July last year and April this year, with victims aged between two and 81.
Humberside Police recorded 1,615 hate crimes in the calendar year 2019, of which 65 per cent were based on race, 17 per cent were homophobic, 4.2 per cent transphobic and 8.2 per cent were against those with disabilities.
Hate crime is still dominated by incidents of racism, the data showed
Rose Simkins, CEO of national charity Stop Hate UK which is based in Leeds, said that the rising figures were likely to be a combination of a rise in crimes and a rise in people coming forward to report them.
"What we know from talking to people is that many are still not reporting these crimes," she told The Yorkshire Post.
"These figures are not the full picture. Some people call us and say they don't want to go to the police or think they will be too busy to deal with it. A lot of people are still suffering in silence.
"We want everyone to be reporting hate crimes, even if they believe nothing can or will be done, because if anything it helps us to understand the extent of the problem."
Ms Simkins added that BAME and LGBT communities, and people with disabilities, in particular had a right to know how big the problem was.
She cited the increased debate around trans issues and the recent controversy surrounding author JK Rowling's views on transgender people as contributing factors to the rise in transphobia, but added that racism had always "absolutely dominated" police reports.
"Many people use public debates - such as the discussion around gender identity and the Black Lives Matter movement - to be hostile and say hurtful things," she said.
It comes as this week marked Hate Crime Awareness Week, with campaigning to encourage more victims to come forward.
Mark Burns-Williamson, West Yorkshire's Police and Crime Commissioner (PCC), said:"We will not tolerate fear and hostility or allow them to be used as reasons to divide our communities and demonise others. Covid-19 has also had a major impact on all our lives but we cannot allow it to divide us as we know our diversity is one of our greatest strengths, something that we will continue to celebrate."
Support The Yorkshire Post and become a subscriber today.
Your subscription will help us to continue to bring quality news to the people of Yorkshire. In return, you'll see fewer ads on site, get free access to our app and receive exclusive members-only offers.
So, please - if you can - pay for our work. Just £5 per month is the starting point. If you think that which we are trying to achieve is worth more, you can pay us what you think we are worth. By doing so, you will be investing in something that is becoming increasingly rare. Independent journalism that cares less about right and left and more about right and wrong. Journalism you can trust.
James Mitchinson (Editor)


text:
Nicki Minaj Is Ready to Get Her Mom Grind On
In the immortal words of Bieber, baby, baby, baby, oh.
By Mehera Bonner
Nicki Minaj certainly isn't defined by her relationship to Meek Mill, nor is it the most interesting part of her life—but the time has come to get some answers about their love connection. Because, thanks to two massive diamond non-engagement rings, we have so many questions (mostly about where Meek developed such flawless taste in ice).
A post shared by Barbie (@nickiminaj)
"I'm not engaged yet," Minaj says. "He said that my third ring would be my engagement ring. But sometimes he calls me his fiancée, and I'm always trying to stop him, like, 'Nope! I ain't got that third ring yet!' We're just taking it one step at a time."
Baby steps, if you will. And speaking of babies (see what we did there?), Minaj totally wants one. "If I get married, then I'll have a child," she continues. "And that'll be fun, because I can't wait to hold my baby."
Weddings and babies aside, Minaj is all about retaining a strong voice in her relationship, which is totally cool with Meek Mill. "I always got the sense that me being tough and bossy was a turn-on for him," she explains. "And it's important for me to keep my voice. Being in a relationship shouldn't mean that you lose your voice. Being in a relationship should mean that you've met a secure-enough man to allow you, in a sense, to remain a queen."
This. Just, all of this.
Follow Marie Claire on Instagram for the latest celeb news, pretty pics, funny stuff, and an insider POV.
Mehera Bonner Contributor Mehera Bonner is a news writer who focuses on celebrities and royals—follow her on Instagram.
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This week on AtPC: Dave asks the Question, "Is Podcasting a winter sport?" What once use to be a trend is almost no longer due to the rise of the smart phone. Is this okay to buy iTunes Reviews? What we really talk about is giving items away on your show to get reviews. Jim covers and updates some Amazon affiliate details. You will want to see Dave's show notes and the link below to get all the links. Dave talks about including your listeners name in your show. It's a great idea! National Podcast Day is discussed and promoted. Jim talks about promoting your podcast by partnering with a Conference to create bonus content, and we discuss some Meetup Tips. Dave asks the question, "Is Podbean still bad?" Jeff Roney calls in and asked some questions about moving your podcast.


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Fantasia Says Collaboration With Jazmine Sullivan & Brandy Will Not Be Released
Veronica Wells
When it comes to the top vocalists in R&B currently, you have to mention Fantasia, Brandy and Jazmine Sullivan. So the idea that these three women would collaborate with one another on a track had the music-loving community excited.
#BREAKING #Fantasia @TasiasWord just revealed that she has a song on her new album with @jsullivanmusic and @4everBrandy‼‼‼‼ #Interview @team_fantasia pic.twitter.com/J35oMTs5uh
— FantasiaDaily (@fantasia_daily) April 30, 2019
According to RatedRnB.com, Fantasia confirmed the collaboration in an Instagram Live video, Fantasia shared that she would be working with the two vocal powerhouses.
"They are both my favorites. I turn into a little groupie when I see Jazmine. I love her and I love Bran. I wanted to kind of reach back and touch some different eras when it came to that girl group. I was like, 'Wouldn't it be dope if we had a girl group where it was Jazmine, Fantasia, and Brandy?' Let's just put it on an album."
Sadly, in promotion of her new single "PTSD" featuring T. Pain, Fantasia said the song won't be released. But not for a lack of trying. The reason fans won't hear it is because of industry politics.
SEE ALSO: New Body, Who Dis? Jazmine Sullivan Flaunts Her Super Snatched Waist On Social Media
During a recent interview with The Cheddar, Fantasia vaguely shared what happened to the highly anticipated song.
"They are my favorite. They give me chill bumps. And it was something I really wanted to happen. Unfortunately, it did not go through. Next time. It's politics to this, and when you're doing something independent and you're stepping out against the grain, sometimes storms and tests will come; but I'm used to the rain, so I'm okay."
This story was originally published on MadameNoire.com.
Phaedra Parks To Join "Marriage Boot Camp" With Her New Man
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Rest In Peace: 'Fresh Prince' And 'Martin' Actor Passes Away At Age 72
Fantasia Says Collaboration With Jazmine Sullivan & Brandy Will Not Be Released was originally published on rickeysmileymorningshow.com
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Сен-Жан-Рур (, ) — коммуна во Франции, находится в регионе Рона — Альпы. Департамент коммуны — Ардеш. Входит в состав кантона Сен-Мартен-де-Валама. Округ коммуны — Турнон-сюр-Рон.

Код INSEE коммуны — 07248.

Население
Население коммуны на 2008 год составляло 258 человек.

Экономика

В 2007 году среди 145 человек в трудоспособном возрасте (15—64 лет) 112 были экономически активными, 33 — неактивными (показатель активности — 77,2 %, в 1999 году было 71,4 %). Из 112 активных работали 103 человека (57 мужчин и 46 женщин), безработных было 9 (5 мужчин и 4 женщины). Среди 33 неактивных 9 человек были учениками или студентами, 10 — пенсионерами, 14 были неактивными по другим причинам.

См. также
 Список округов Франции

Примечания

Ссылки

Коммуны департамента Ардеш


Saint Xavier University (SXU) is excited to introduce new opportunities for adult students through the addition of four degree completion programs! In addition to the Fast-Track Business, Liberal Studies and RN to BSN degree completion programs, SXU now offers Applied Communication, Applied Graphic Design, Gerontology Studies and Leadership and Public Administration for those who have completed some college credit and are looking to finish their degree.
In this online program, students will gain a new understanding of what it takes to be an effective communicator. Through combining critical analysis with research and oral communication skills, students will leave SXU prepared for a fulfilling career in almost any industry. Learn more about Applied Communication.
This hybrid program allows students the opportunity to work with various multimedia formats in order to create effective designs. Students learn how to design for many areas of media including print, web and motion graphics to ensure students are exposed to all areas of media through graphic design. Learn more about Applied Graphic Design.
In this hybrid program, students will learn how the human body ages and changes throughout life. Additionally, students are exposed to several other disciplines including nursing, business, psychology and even art and film to learn the value a background in gerontology has in serveral industries. Learn more about Gerontology Studies.
This online program serves to teach students about all areas of creating, negotiating and implementing policies. Students focus on their written, oral, research and analysis skills to learn how to think critically about issues in society and promote ideas in a way that is fair and effective. Learn more about Leadership and Public Administration.
By utilizing the degree completion programs at SXU, you will be able to work around your busy schedule while earning your degree! Courses are offered in-class, online or hybrid formats, making it easier than ever to find a schedule that works for you. Plus, financial aid is available to those who qualify. Whether you are transferring credits or an associate degree, SXU will guide you in the right direction to earn your degree and advance your career.
For more information about degree completion programs, please contact the Office of Admission at 773-298-3050 or admission@sxu.edu or check out the Degree Completion FAQs.


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Liminal RPG
Liminal is a self-contained tabletop roleplaying game about people caught in-between the everyday modern world and world of magic.
Paul Mitchener
838 backers pledged £24,068 to help bring this project to life.
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As Adept (including me sending you a premium colour hardback book), and we will work together to develop a Faction in the Hidden World, to be included in the final book.
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As Adept (including me sending you a hardback premium colour physical book), and I will run a game session for you and up to four friends, either at a convention we're both attending, or online at a mutually convenient time.
Feb 27, 2018 - Mar 29, 2018 (30 days)


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NGC 1485 é uma galáxia espiral (Sb) localizada na direcção da constelação de Camelopardalis. Possui uma declinação de +70° 59' 48" e uma ascensão recta de 4 horas, 05 minutos e 03,4 segundos.

A galáxia NGC 1485 foi descoberta em 24 de Fevereiro de 1886 por Lewis A. Swift.

Ver também
Astronomia extragaláctica
Lista de galáxias
Lista de objectos NGC
New General Catalogue

Ligações externas

NGC 1485
Constelação de Camelopardalis
Galáxias espirais


1. Israel respected the UN-requested humanitarian cease-fire today (26 July) from 08:00-20:00 (8:00 am to 8:00 pm Israel time).
Israel was ready to prolong the cease-fire, but a few minutes after 20:00, Hamas already renewed firing at Israeli civilians. Heavy barrages of rockets continue to be fired at Israel's cities.
2. Israel tried to achieve its goals diplomatically, accepting the Egyptian cease-fire proposal that Hamas rejected.
Israel appreciates Secretary of State Kerry's ongoing diplomatic efforts and will continue working closely with him.
3. The IDF is prepared to expand its operations until Israel's security needs are met: providing the peace and quiet that Israel's citizens deserve while significantly damaging the terrorist infrastructure of Hamas and the other terrorist groups in Gaza.
4. Israel's ground operation has recorded significant achievements: dozens of tunnels, some leading from Gaza into Israeli territory, have been discovered and destroyed.
The ground operation is critical because the tunnels cannot be destroyed using air power alone. Not taking this action would have left Israel's citizens exposed to the danger of additional terrorist infiltrations from Gaza.
5. The fact that Hamas is ready to sacrifice its own children should not be exploited as a moral pretext to prevent Israel from protecting its children and from exerting its legitimate right for self-defense. Hamas is a murderous terrorist organization that is deliberately firing on Israeli civilians, and when Israel responds, cynically uses Palestinian civilians as human shields.
Hamas is the enemy of the Palestinians: it takes aid money intended for their benefit and instead of building kindergartens in Gaza, uses it to dig tunnels for attacking kindergartens in Israel.
Hamas is responsible of the destruction of homes in Gaza by booby-trapping them and using them as rocket-launching locations, firing positions for snipers, weapon caches as well as using their cellars as entrances to the terror tunnels.
6. In contrast to Hamas' contempt for civilian life, Israel regrets any civilian casualties and is making every effort to protect its citizens and to avoid civilian casualties among Gaza's residents.
7. The international community must act to demilitarize Gaza and take a strong moral stand that differentiates between a murderous terrorist organization and a democratic state defending itself.
8. Hamas resembles other extremist Islamist terrorist organizations, including al-Qaeda, Hizbullah, ISIS, Boko Haram and the Nusra Front.


0000 Skyline Drive is a $36,000 property on a 2.69 acre lot located in Riverton, WY.
This lot is great for your future home site with shared well already in place. There is also electric, natural gas and phone available near lot lines. The shared well is located on property boundary line and has a new on demand pump and depth is 995 feet. There is great mountain views from these properties. They can be purchased together or separately. Check with agent for financing details. For more information see REALTOR.com.
I am interested in 0000 Skyline Drive, Riverton, WY 82501.


text:
ACS Fellows Eligibility & Selection Criteria
Eligibility Criteria - Nominees
Eligibility Criteria - Nominators
General Selection Information
Please refer to the 2022 ACS Fellows Program Guidelines for full eligibility criteria.
Nominees for ACS Fellows must be current members (including retired and emeritus members) in good standing of the American Chemical Society.
Current members of the ACS Fellows Selection Committee, ACS Fellows Oversight Committee, ACS Board of Directors, and current ACS staff are not eligible to be nominees.
Former members or deceased members will not be considered as nominees for ACS Fellows. However, if a member dies after his/her name is submitted as a nominee and if that candidate is selected, he/she will be granted the ACS Fellow designation posthumously.
Nominees, in past and present circumstances, are expected to employ and require good safety protocols and practices in their laboratories and/or work environments; uphold the highest ethical standards in their laboratories and/or work environments; and otherwise engage in conduct that is consistent with both the objects of the American Chemical Society as stated in Article II Section I of its Constitution and the Chemical Professional's Code of Conduct. Nominators must address this in the online nomination form.
Nomination for other awards, including national, regional, or local ACS awards, does not disqualify a member from being nominated for ACS Fellow.
Primary and secondary nominators must be current members (including retired and emeritus members) in good standing of the American Chemical Society.
Current members of the ACS Fellows Selection Committee, ACS Fellows Oversight Committee, ACS Board of Directors, and current ACS staff are not eligible to be primary or secondary nominators.
The primary nominator must be eligible to submit as an individual member or on behalf of a Committee, Local Section, Technical Division, or International Chemical Sciences Chapter. Refer to the Nomination Types page for specific eligibility requirements for primary nominators.
No more than one of the nominators (primary or secondary) may be from the same work group at the nominee's primary place of employment. If the nominee is retired, only one nominator (primary or secondary) may be from the nominee's last place of employment prior to retirement.
Refer to the Nomination Types page for guidelines about serving as a nominator for more than one nomination.
The selection of ACS Fellows is based on documented excellence and leadership in both of two areas: (1) science, the profession, education, and/or management, and (2) volunteer service in the ACS community. Nomination documents must address both of these areas.
(1) Documented excellence and leadership that has an impact in the science, the profession, education, and/or management. Appropriate activities might include, but are not limited to, the following:
Outstanding and creative contributions to basic and/or applied scientific research
Distinguished accomplishments in the teaching and learning of chemistry;
Demonstrated leadership or managerial excellence in an organization within the chemical enterprise.
(2) Documented excellence and leadership in volunteer service, based on specific results achieved, in service to the ACS and its membership and community. Appropriate activities might include, but are not limited to, the following:
Outstanding leadership, documented through specific results achieved, of Divisions, Local Sections, International Chemical Sciences Chapters, Advisory Boards, Regional Boards, regional, national, and/or international meetings;
Exceptional service in the publication of scientific information not including routine authorship or compensated services as Editor-in-Chief, Associate Editor, or equivalent positions;
Organization of especially significant symposia, major presentations, or other programming at national/international meetings;
Leadership or other outstanding contributions to public outreach activities, such as National Chemistry Week and Chemists Celebrate Earth Week;
Effective communication to the public and policymakers of the value of the chemical sciences or chemical professionals through the press, radio, TV, or other electronic media.
Exceptional volunteer service to the ACS and with strategic partners that help advance the mission of ACS such as other national or international scientific or chemical associations, committees, roundtables, and conferences.
Documented evidence must be provided of exceptional accomplishments, professional attainment, and impact in both of the above two areas. Excellence in research, teaching, or management alone is not enough, nor is exceptional leadership of ACS activities; members selected as ACS Fellows must have excelled in multiple areas. In assessing the qualifications of a nominee, the Selection Committee will weigh the depth, extent, and impact of the nominee's activities as documented in the nomination submission.
ACS Fellows are selected by a broadly representative Selection Committee recommended by the ACS Immediate Past President and appointed by the Chair of the ACS Board Committee on Professional and Member Relations (P&MR). P&MR, acting through the ACS Fellows Oversight Committee, conducts governance oversight for the ACS Fellows Program.
ACS Fellows are expected to engage in conduct that is consistent with both the objects of the American Chemical Society as stated in Article II Section I of its Constitution and the Chemical Professional's Code of Conduct.
Members retain the designation as an ACS Fellow, ACSF, for life. (Unless Rescinded under Sec. IX of the ACS Fellows Program Guidelines).
The body of ACS Fellows is expected to reach a steady state of 1 to 2% of the ACS membership and to reflect not only excellence, but also the diverse contributions made by ACS members.


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Csángó irodalom a Kárpátok gerincvonalától keletre vagy nyugatra élő, csángóknak nevezett magyar csoportokról szóló vagy tőlük származó irodalom.

A csángó szó eredete és irodalmuk

Magának a csángó szónak eredete máig is vitás, valószínűleg az 'elcsatangol' értelmű elcsángál tájszólásbeli ige származéka, de ennek ellenére a tudományos irodalomban elfogadott elnevezés. Lakhelyük, történelmi múltjuk és tájnyelvi sajátosságaik szerint külön foglalkozunk 1. a moldvai, 2. a bukovinai, 3. a gyimesi és 4. a barcasági csángó irodalommal.

1. A moldvai csángóság

A moldovai csángóság eredetének, nyelvének, néprajzának, népesedésének, településtörténetének szinte két évszázad óta csaknem végeláthatatlan irodalma van. A történeti, nyelvi és néprajzi kérdések legtöbbször összefonódnak benne.

Az irodalomból a megjelenés időrendi sorrendjében elsőként Marcus Bandinus marciánopoliszi érsek 1646. évi moldvai egyházmegye-látogatásáról szóló legrégibb s megbízható, terjedelmes jelentését kell említeni, melyet Codex Bandinus néven tart számon a tudomány; latin eredetijét V. A. Urechia (Bukarest 1895), magyar fordítását Domokos Pál Péter adta ki. A 18. század 1780-as éveiből fontos dokumentum Zöld Péter 1781-ben kelt jelentése: Notitia de rebus Hungarorum, qui in Moldavia et ultra degant; a latin eredetit közölte Veszely, Imets és Kovács Utazás Moldva-Oláhhonban c. munkája (Mv. 1870), magyar fordítását Domokos Pál Péter az i. m. 51–60. lapján. Az első teljes egészében a csángókkal foglalkozó mű P. Gegő Elek A moldvai magyar telepekről (Buda 1838) c. akadémiai munkája. Ezt követően a csángó kérdésre terelte a figyelmet a Döbrentei Gábor 'kérdései' s Petrás Incze 'feleletei' a moldovai magyarok felől (Buda 1842) c. párbeszédes munka.

Petrás közli elsőnek a magyarság moldvai településeinek legteljesebb névsorát, s különösen értékes Klézsén gyűjtött 21 népdala. Az utazók, tudósítók útleírásai között említést érdemel még Jerney János keleti utazása a magyarok őshelyeinek kinyomozása végett 1844 és 1845 (I–II. Pest 1851), valamint Ballagi Aladárnak az 1887-i moldvai útjáról szóló beszámolója: A magyarság Moldvában

Nyelvészeti szempontból három értékes közlés érdemel figyelmet a budapesti Magyar Nyelvőrben: Szarvas Gábor A moldvai csángó nyelvről c. tanulmánya (1874/1–2), Petrás Incze János klézsei pap népnyelvi közlései és Munkácsi Bernát A moldvai csángók nyelvjárása c. cikksorozata (1881–82). Közben újabb útleírások, beszámolók tartották fenn az érdeklődést a csángók iránt, így Szádeczky Lajos úti emlékei a Moldván át c. cikkben. Koós Ferenc Életem és emlékeim : 1828–1890 c. munkájában a moldvai katolikus egyházak 1858-as állapotának ismertetésénél tért ki a csángókra.

Az 1900-as évek elején Rubinyi Mózes tett közzé egy sor közleményt a moldvai csángókról, főleg nyelvészeti szempontból. Újabb közlemények megkísérelték a csángóság eredetének meghatározását nyelvi alapon, így Munkácsi Bernát, Melich János, Horger Antal, Zolnai Gyula, Karácsonyi János és Losonczy Zoltán cikkei.

A csángó irodalomban külön hely illeti meg a finn nyelvész Yrjö Wichmannt, aki 1906-ban öt hónapot töltött a Roman melletti Szabófalván. Népnyelvi anyaggyűjtéséből több tanulmányt tett közzé. Legfontosabb halála után kiadott nagy csángó szótára.

Ez az irodalom új művekkel, tanulmányokkal gyarapodott az 1918-at követő évtizedekben is. Így az 1920-as években sokat foglalkozott vele Bitay Árpád. Az Erdélyi Irodalmi Szemlében megjelent jelentősebb cikkek és tanulmányok: Viola József, a moldvai fejedelem orvosa, mint a moldvai magyar népköltés gyűjtője (1924); Moldvai csángók legrégibb írott nyelvemléke (1924); Zöld Péter a csöbörcsöki magyaroknál (1924); A moldvai magyarság (1926). 1910 és 1936 között Csűry Bálint volt a csángó nyelvjárás leghivatottabb búvára. Elsősorban a csángó alaktant dolgozta ki a Magyar Nyelvben megjelent írásaiban: A székely és csángó mondat hanglejtése (1930); A moldvai csángó igealakok (1932); A moldvai csángó kicsinyítő képzőről (1932). Sort kerít (Szathmáry Balázs álnéven) úti beszámolóra is: A moldvai magyarok közt (Napkelet, Budapest, 1930).

A csángó kérdés egyik legkitartóbb munkatársa Domokos Pál Péter. Moldvai útjain szerzett tapasztalatait írta meg és népdalgyűjtését közli A moldvai magyarság c. könyvében. Későbbi kiadványában újabb balladákat, népdalokat közölt, s 1979-ben Budapesten kiadta "...édes Hazámnak akartam szolgálni..." c. alatt több más dokumentum közt Petrás Ince János Tudósítások c. munkáját.

A XX. század közepén a csángó irodalomban szaporodott azoknak a tanulmányoknak, önálló kiadványoknak a száma, amelyek megkíséreltek mind történelmi, mind néprajzi, népköltészeti vonatkozásban, magas tudományos szinten tiszta képet adni a csángóságról. Történeti vonatkozásban jelentős Mikecs László munkássága, ma is a legjobb tájékoztató a csángó kutatók számára összefoglaló jellegű munkája: Csángók (Budapest, 1942). Ugyanő új szempontok szerint foglalta össze a csángók eredetét és történetét A Kárpátokon túli magyarság c. tanulmányában (1944), s feldolgozta a Bandinus-kódex névanyagát: A moldvai katolikusok 1646-47. évi összeírása (ETF 171).

A néprajz terén kiváló eredményeket mutatott fel Lükő Gábor. A budapesti Néprajzi Múzeum Értesítőjében megjelent tanulmányai a moldvai csángók kendermunkáját és régimódi méhészetét (1934), hajviseletét és fejrevalóit (1935) dolgozta fel, majd A moldvai csángók című kötetben (Budapest, 1936.) új utat nyitott a néprajz és a népnyelv együttes településtörténeti alkalmazásával. Az addigi kutatásokat mélyítette el népzenei, népköltészeti, nyelvészeti vonatkozásban Hegedűs Lajos Moldvai csángó népmesék és beszélgetések (Budapest, 1952) és Domokos Pál Péter-Rajeczky Benjamin Csángó népzene c. kötete (I. Budapest, 1956).

Jelentősen gazdagította a csángókról szóló irodalmat az 1940-es évek végétől a kolozsvári folkloristák és nyelvészek helyszíni munkája. A folkloristák gyűjtéséből állította össze Faragó József és Jagamas János a Moldvai csángó népdalok és népballadák c. kötetet (1954), majd ennek alapján kialakult képet Kallós Zoltán gazdagította Balladák könyve c. gyűjteményében (1970) közölt ismeretlen csángó balladákkal. A csángó nyelvatlasz gyűjtőmunkálatait régebbi moldvai gyűjtőmunkája után 1949-ben Szabó T. Attila indította meg munkatársaival; az anyaggyűjtésből több részlettanulmány született s egy kitűnő összefoglalás a néprészek meghatározásáról és földrajzi elhelyezkedéséről (Kik és hol élnek a csángók? A Nyelv és múlt c. kötetben, Budapest, 1972). A nyelvjáráskutatás folytatója és teljessé tevője Márton Gyula. A gyűjtőmunkálatok számos konkrét eredménye fűződik nevéhez.

Az egész moldvai csángó magyar folklórgyűjtésről Faragó József nyújtott összefoglaló képet (Igaz Szó, 1972/1 és Művelődés 1979/11). Tárgyi vonatkozású néprajzi összefoglalást és helyzetképet 1949-i moldvai gyűjtőmunkája alapján Kós Károly nyújtott Csángó néprajzi vázlat címmel.

A csángó népéletet és alakjait Ignácz Rózsa regénye (Született Moldovában, Budapest, 1940.) emelte a szépirodalomba, amíg azonban itt a csángók elhagyatottsága színeződik tragikus összképbe, az 1944-es felszabadulást követően Balázs Péter helyszíni riportjai az Igazságban (1948), az Utunkban (1949) és a Korunkban (1957), Kovács György A szabadság útján : moldvai csángók között c. könyve (1951), majd Beke György A Hétben (1971) s a Magunk keresése c. kötetében (1972) megjelent csángó tárgyú riportjai a kortárs író szemével láttatják a moldvai magyarság életét.

A moldvai csángók sorából íróként jelentkezett a szabófalvi Lakatos Demeter románul és magyarul írt költeményeivel, és Szeszka Erdős Péter, aki a csángó múltnak a népi tudatban élő elemeit gyűjtötte s Imreh Istvánnal közösen állította össze A szabófalvi jogszokásokról c. adatközlést (Népismereti dolgozatok 1978). 1979-ben "egy kérdés újabb megközelítése" címen Ferenczi Géza foglalkozott a csángókkal (A Hét, 1979/18), a felvetett kérdéshez Szilágyi N. Sándor nyelvész Amit még nem mondtak el a csángó névről c. írásában (A Hét 1979/24) szólt hozzá, kabar-kazár eredetet keresve, majd Szőcs István tett kísérletet a "csángó" szó szokatlan hangjeladással való magyarázatára (Nép vagy – név? A Hét 1979/27).

Az irodalomban a csángók iránt megnőtt érdeklődést jelzi Csáky Zoltán "képzelt riport"-ja egy moldvai csángóasszonyról ("Engem anyám úgy szeretett". Magnófelvételek nyomán, A Hét 1979/38) és Salamon Anikó magnetofon-lejegyzése (Móduvának szép tájaind, Igazság 1979. szeptember 23.). Ennek az érdeklődésnek felelt meg csángó táncosok és énekesek megjelenése a Román Televízió magyar adásaiban (1979).

2. A bukovinai székely-csángó
A bukovinai székely-csángó telepekre vonatkozóan nyelvjárási alapon foglalja össze a bukovinai magyarok eredetét Horger Antal A bukovinai Józseffalva nyelvjárásáról c. tanulmányában (Szily-emlékkönyv, Budapest, 1918); népköltészeti közlemény Balla Péter Népzenei gyűjtés a bukovinai magyar falvakban c. tanulmánya (Ethnographia, Budapest, 1935). Minden kérdésre felvilágosítást nyújt Oberding József György két tanulmánya: A vándorló bukovinai magyarok (Hitel 1939/3) és A bukovinai magyar népcsalád helyzetképe (Hitel 1939/4). Említést érdemelnek Jancsó Elemér A bukovinai magyarok mai helyzete (Magyar Szemle, Budapest, 1934) és A bukovinai magyarok (Korunk 1938/1) c. cikkei is.

3. A gyimesi csángók

A gyimesi csángók eredetével elsőnek Erdélyi Lajos tanulmánya, A gyimesi, moldvai és bukovinai csángók eredete (Magyar Nyelv, Budapest, 1908) foglalkozott. Néprajzi, nyelvjárási vonatkozású közlemények találhatók továbbá az Erdélyi Múzeum 1932-es évfolyamában Balogh Ödön tollából. Vámszer Géza A gyimesi csángók c. tanulmánysorozata a Keleti Újság 1939-es novemberi számaiból újraközlésben is hozzáférhető (Életforma és anyagi műveltség, 1977. 194-200.). A két világháború közötti gyimesi parasztmozgalommal foglalkozott Titu Georgescu-Fodor László: A gyimesvölgyi parasztok felkelése (1960).

4. A barcasági csángók

A barcasági csángókra vonatkozó irodalomból Kolumbán Lajos A hétfalusi csángók a múltban és jelenben (1903) és Horger Antal Hétfalusi csángó népmesék (Bp. 1908) c. munkái mellett megemlítendő Árvay József A barcasági Hétfalu helynevei (Kolozsvár, 1943) c. műve; ez nemcsak a helyneveket, hanem a bevezetésben a hétfalusi csángók népiségtörténetét is taglalja részletes könyvészet alapján. Hétfalusi csángó meséket Sipos Bella gyűjtött s adott ki.

A hétfalusi csángók korszerű önismeretének kialakulásához a "Háromszék és Hétfalu politikai, gazdasági, szépirodalmi hetilapja" belső címmel Sepsiszentgyörgyön megjelent Délkelet c. lap (1929-32) járult hozzá jelentősen; a táj költője, Tóthpál Dániel borúlátóan írja Dalok és jajok (Brassó 1932) c. verskötetének Türkösön kelt ajánlásában: "A csángó népé ez a kötet. Azé a népé, amelytől eddigelé mindenki, még a saját fiai is csak vettek, de viszontszolgálatul soha semmit, de semmit, még szeretetet sem adtak."

A helyismeretet szolgálták a tatrangai Pál András, a bácsfalusi Bálint András és Kiss Béla csernátfalusi lelkész helytörténeti közlései is. Utóbbi a székelység és a csángók kapcsolataira derített fényt a hétfalusiak eredetéről szóló tanulmányában (Erdélyi Helikon 1938/3). A helyi hagyományokat korszerűen idézte fel Halász Gyula a hétfalusi forradalmár-költőnek, Zajzoni Rab Istvánnak válogatott verseit megjelentetve és magyarázva (1957); a XX. század második felének helyi kérdéseit tárgyalta a brassói Új Idő hasábjain Beke György. Vita Zsigmond A hétfalusi csángók kutatói c. cikkében (Brassói Lapok 1980/8) a Csángó Múzeum régi terveit újította fel.

A korszerű néprajztudomány igényességével tárta fel a Brassó megyei csángók hajdani életkörülményeinek egy fontos részletét Kós Károly Hétfalusi szekeresség c. tanulmányában.

A barcasági csángó folklórt és népművészetet, melyben sajátosan elegyülnek magyar, román és szász motívumok, sikerült hagyomány-hűen feltámasztani. A tíz Brassó megyei magyarlakta falu népszokásainak, viseletének, fafaragásának, eredeti bútorainak, fazekasságának és népdalkincseinek Seres András a szorgalmas kutatója, anyagából a Művelődés 1973/3-4-es számában közölt részleteket, s több kötete jelent meg nyomtatásban. Szentimrei Judit a csángó szőttesekkel foglalkozott, Binder Pál pedig a barcasági magyarok régi művelődéstörténetét dolgozta fel. Bibliográfiát a barcasági csángók néprajzáról, népművészetéről és népköltészetéről Bretter Emánuel állított össze (Könyvtár, 1977/2).

Irodalom
 V. A. Urechia: Codex Bandinus. Memoriu asupra scrierii lui Bandinus de la 1646... însoțit de acte și documente. 1895.
 Gegő Elek: A' moldvai magyar telepekről (Buda 1838). – Döbrentei Gábor' kérdései 's Petrás Incze feleletei a' moldovai magyarok felől (Buda 1842).
 Jerney János keleti utazása a' magyarok őshelyeinek kinyomozása végett 1844 és 1845 (I-II. Pest 1851).
 Veszely, Imets és Kovács: Utazás Moldva Oláhhonban (Mv. 1870. Függelékében Zöld Péter 1781-ben kelt jelentése: Notitia de rebus Hungarorum, qui in Moldavia et ultra degant).
 Szarvas Gábor: A moldvai csángó nyelvről. Magyar Nyelvőr 1874/1-2.
 Munkácsi Bernát: A moldvai csángók nyelvjárása. Magyar Nyelvőr 1881-82.
 Szádeczky Lajos: Moldván át. Pesti Napló 1881.
 Ballagi Aladár: A magyarság Moldvában. Földrajzi Közlemények 1888/1-27.
 Koós Ferenc: Életem és emlékeim 1828-1890. I-II. Brassó 1890.

Jegyzetek

Források

További információk
 Csángó himnusz videón
 Erdélyi és csángó költészet

Magyar néprajz
Magyar irodalom
Romániai magyar kisebbség


text:
Instagram bringing Branded Content Ads to Canada
June 25, 2019 by Chris Powell
Instagram today announced the global rollout, including Canada, of a new tool that lets advertisers convert influencers' organic posts into ads. The move comes three weeks after the program's June 4 introduction in the U.S.
In a recent blog post announcing Branded Content Ads, the photo/video sharing platform said that one of brands' biggest requests is the ability to incorporate branded content posts into their advertising strategy.
Citing an Ipsos survey it commissioned last year, Instagram said that 68% of people come to the social media platform to interact with creators (the term it uses to describe influencers). "With branded content ads, businesses have the opportunity to tell their brand stories through creators' voices, reach new audiences and measure impact," it said.
Branded content ads for feed will be available in the coming weeks, said Instagram, with branded content ads for stories rolling out over the coming months. "This is just the beginning and we'll continue to invest in branded content to provide even more value for people, creators and businesses," it said.
Branded content ads appearing in feed and stories will be marked as "Paid partnership with…" along with the brand name on each post—which Instagram acknowledged as "very important" for ad transparency.
To enable the Branded Content Ads, influencers must grant the brands they work with permission to promote their posts by selecting the "Allow my business partner to boost" function on the Advanced Settings page. Brands will then see the post on the Ads Manager page under "Existing Posts," and can choose to run it as an ad in either the feed or stories format.
Matt Ramella, managing director of media agency network Reprise, said the rollout of Branded Content Ads signals to the market that Instagram is serious about helping marketers harness the influential brand content being produced by creators.
"We've been asking platforms for greater measurement transparency and control when it comes to the promotion of creators' posts across paid partnerships," said Ramella in a statement provided to The Message. "With the ability for a brand to amplify content from influencers like any other ad, we're now able to maximize brands' investment by reaching the high value audiences most relevant to driving their business goals."
Victoria Freeman, senior vice-president, social media and digital with North Strategic, described creator partnerships as a "core part" of the agency's social strategy, and that Branded Content Ads help contextualize products in heretofore unexplored ways.
"Branded Content Ads are going to help our clients gain access to more refined performance data, help simplify the amplification process and create more transparency with our sponsored partnerships," she said.
Branded Content Ads will allow brands to serve partner content to the right customers instead of simply throwing it into the "social ether," she said. "Promoting content directly from an influencer's handle inherently gives the post more authenticity than coming from a brand handle," she added.
According to a recent report from Socialbakers, Instagram is quickly becoming the leading social platform when it comes to brand engagement, generating an average of 184.04 interactions per 1,000 followers.
The report said that nearly 25,000 Instagram profiles have posted sponsored content using the #ad hashtag in the first quarter of 2019. The report predicted that influencer marketing will be a US$10 billion business by 2020.
Another report from Statista said that Instagram's global influencer marketing industry has grown from US$1.07 billion in 2017 to a projected US$2.38 billion this year.
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When you give us authority to act on your behalf, for example to help you with a Universal Credit claim, we'll need to share information with that third party. Who we share information with, to act on your behalf, will be dependent on your own individual case and will be agreed with the adviser.
Your personal information is stored electronically on our national Citizens Advice case management system data base – Casebook. This is a secure site maintained by our national organisation.
We will only share your special category data in line with your explicit consent which is discussed and obtained at the point of consent being given. It will only be shared when necessary and relevant to progressing your enquiry or where there is a legal basis to do so.


Proper planting can result in healthy peonies.
Peonies (Paeonia spp.) come in two main varieties: herbaceous or tree peony. The bushy herbaceous peony grows well in U.S. Department of Agriculture plant hardiness zones 5 through 9, while taller tree peonies grow in USDA zones 3 through 9. Peonies flower in the spring, but the foliage provides color all summer. Plant both herbaceous and tree peonies from bare-root dormant plants in late fall or in late winter, before the new spring growth begins.
Loosen the soil to an 18-inch depth in a full-sun garden bed, using a spade or power tiller. Combine one-quarter cup 10-10-10 fertilizer with the loosened soil for each peony plant.
Dig an 18-inch-deep hole for each peony root, spacing the holes 3 feet apart for herbaceous peonies or 4 feet apart for tree peonies. Make the holes twice as wide as the roots.
Remove the wrapping from the peony roots. If the peony roots appear dry instead of firm and fleshy, soak them in a bucket of water for two to four hours.
Set the roots in the hole, adjusting the depth so the top of the root ball sits beneath the soil surface and the topmost buds on the roots are no more than 2 inches deep. Spread the roots apart gently over the bottom of the hole.
Combine two parts soil with one part compost. Fill the hole with the soil, pushing it gently between the roots so there are no air spaces. Water the soil when the hole is half-filled so the soil settles, then finish filling the hole. Water a second time.
Spread a 2-inch-deep layer of mulch over the newly planted peonies to retain moisture, prevent weeds and provide soil insulation. Water the peonies lightly twice weekly once they begin putting on new growth. Provide enough moisture so the top 6 inches of soil remains moist.
Prepare peony beds six months before planting so the soil has time to settle, if possible. If you prepare the soil right before planting, tamp it down lightly to prevent later settling.
Harrington, Jenny. "How to Plant Bare Root Peonies." Home Guides | SF Gate, http://homeguides.sfgate.com/plant-bare-root-peonies-62735.html. Accessed 21 April 2019.


Audio description is an accommodation for blind and low vision viewers that narrates the crucial visual information of a program. Audio description is meant to provide information on visual content that is considered essential to the comprehension of the program. Standard audio description involves the interspersion of audio description snippets within the program's original audio components, in order to allow the individual the benefit of the description, without sacrificing the information in the existing content.
With the recent 508 refresh, and several lawsuits targeting audio description, this accessibility tool for blind and low vision viewers is just beginning to get a place in the accessibility spotlight. As we continue to see more online video permeate our society, audio description will likely become more popular, widely enforced, and offered by more vendors. This means that when choosing a vendor, you will want to know how to tell which is the best fit for you. You will want to make sure the vendor is knowledgable and has the capacity to grow and scale to fit your needs now, as well as in the future.
When choosing between audio description services there are many factors to consider. Some of these things include cost, process, editing, help with publishing, and quality.
Like with anything else, cost plays a factor when it comes time to choose an audio description vendor. It's important to remember, however, that while cost should be considered, understanding the vendor's process will give you better insight into what's behind the cost. This will help to make an informed decision on whether to splurge, go with the lowest-cost option, or maybe somewhere in the middle.
The cost of description can vary greatly because the need for description is so diverse. Generally, the price for traditional audio description will range from $15-$30 per minute. Traditional description providers use humans for the entire workflow. Description writers create a transcript and human voice actors deliver the description within the specified timecodes. Voice talent is expensive and paying the writers and other skilled laborers are also costly. The cost of talent, combined with the cost of all the tools necessary to record and implement the audio description can add up quickly.
If cost is a concern, don't worry. There are measures that can be taken to bring the cost of audio description down without sacrificing quality. One of the main ways to do so is by taking advantage of current technology.
Working with technology is an extremely effective way to bring costs down. At 3Play, combining humans and technology has been a critical part of our captioning service, and it's at the forefront of our audio description service as well. We use a combination of humans and technology in every step of the process. Certified human describers write high-quality descriptions, then synthesized speech is utilized to voice these descriptions. This allows us to make the process of writing and time coding description easier, faster, and more cost-effective.
One of the key elements of audio description is that it complements the original content, rather than detracting from it. Some ways in which this is achieved is through accent and word choice when describing. A vendor that lets you customize and edit your descriptions is one that truly understands the importance of flexibility when doing audio description. The 3Play account system allows you to select your speaker's voice, as well as preview and make edits to your audio description.
With traditional audio description vendors, editing is a long and expensive process. If you want to make changes you essentially have to redo the process. Because the process for traditional audio description includes human voice, you will have to pay quite a bit to record again. Since our output utilizes synthesized speech, it is easy for users to edit files right in the account system. After making tweaks to grammar or word choice, you can save your changes or select "revert to original" to get back to the original audio descriptions created by our describers. Any edits you've saved will process quickly and will automatically propagate to all output formats – and there's no extra charge!
A big difficulty with audio description is that most video players and platforms don't support it. In the case that they do, the only ways to publish audio description are to add a second video asset with description burned into the audio track or to use a secondary audio track that contains both the description and the original audio. You'll also want to consider whether you want to obtain controls that let the user turn the description track on and off or adjust volume. When selecting an audio description vendor, it would be wise to consider whether or not the vendor offers assistance for publishing.
One way to alleviate technical difficulties is to offer access to multiple different output formats to accommodate varying technology. These formats include WebVTT, MP3, WAV, or MP4. Being that most popular video players and platforms do not support WebVTT description tracks or secondary audio tracks, we offer another simple alternative.
We've developed an audio description plugin to mitigate this issue for our customers. The plugin is a simple embed that references your video and plays the secondary audio description track along with your video, making it a great option for video players that don't support audio description in a usable way.
When choosing an audio description vendor it is crucial to select one that will provide high-quality descriptions. This is necessary in order to make sure that your content will be both accessible and enjoyable for your viewers. The DCMP description key and general guidelines for how to describe outline several key elements for creating high-quality description. These guidelines should be considered when looking for a vendor.
Accurate: there must not be any errors in word choice, pronunciation, diction, or enunciation.
Prioritized: content essential to the comprehension and enjoyment is of the utmost importance. The description should portray only what is physically observable, rather than motivations or intentions, and should complement the original content.
Consistent: the content, as well as the voicing, should match the style, tone, and pace of the program. Patterns should be used for things such as announcing on-screen text and introducing new people.
Appropriate: keep the intended audience in mind, be neutral, simple, and succinct.
Equal: equal access requires that the meaning and intention of the program must be conveyed. This also means that the describer should not inject their personal interpretations or opinions.
This post was originally published on August 8th, 2017 by Elisa Edelberg under the title "How to Select an Audio Description Vendor." It has since been updated.


Description: Join Dylan Sherrard for an evening of riding on the Riverdale trails that first inspired him to chase a career in mountain biking. After growing up and learning to ride in Whitehorse, Dylan has made a career and lifestyle around mountain biking and mountain bike instructing in Kamloops, B.C.
During these Shred Hard evening sessions, well go on a tour of Dylan's favorite trails while practicing our cornering skills and overall bike posture.
Dylan will also collect some images of riders so that everyone has a few memories of our sessions.
In his own words, "On good days I ride my bike. On bad days I ride my bike until it's a good day!" Don't let Dylan "Shredhard" Sherrard's nickname intimidate you. While he credits his smooth style and continuous progression on his bike to his beard, it's Dylan's passion and enthusiasm for everything biking that truly sets him apart. The Yukon Territory native now calls the mountain bike mecca of Kamloops, BC, home. With endless trails, an inter-city bike park and a widely supportive mountain bike community, Dylan's found a great career and lifestyle in the 'Loops. But even with all that at his disposal, Dylan relishes any opportunity to return to his hometown, Whitehorse, to ride our glorious trails and engage with the community that first set his sights on the bike-centric lifestyle he is living today.
Sammy's been an outdoor enthusiast her whole life, but her love for mountain biking started when, at the age of 22, she decided she needed a new summer sport to try out, and took her Mom's fully rigid bike out of the garage and on to the Elora Gorge trails in her home town of Elora, Ontario. Since then, she has never looked back. Sammy loves to share her passion for the sport and build community by volunteering with Contagious Mountain Bike Club and working as an instructor for Boreale Explorers. Sammy is a level 1 PMBI instructor and two-time podium finisher at Singletrack 6.


are American kids stupid about personal finance?
21. Matt has a good job on the production line of a factory in his home town. During the past year or two, the state in which Matt lives has been raising taxes on its businesses to the point where they are much higher than in neighboring states. What effect is this likely to have on Matt's job?
14.4	a.)	Higher business taxes will cause more businesses to move into Matt's state, raising wages.
18.7 b.) Higher business taxes can't have any effect on Matt's job.
9.7 d.) He is likely to get a large raise to offset the effect of higher taxes.
(My response? The company is going to relocate the factory to Mexico and thanks to NAFTA and the Federal tax code will rob the US treasury of the wage income taxes of its workers, corporate taxes that would be paid if they remained in the States, and deprive the US economy of wages that could be spent to stimulate the economy).
28. Which of the following credit card users is likely to pay the GREATEST dollar amount in finance charges per year, if they all charge the same amount per year on their cards?
16.8	a.)	Jessica, who pays at least the minimum amount each month and more, when she has the money.
I was surprised that 48% of high school seniors really get it – paying the minimum is begging for trouble.
16. Rob and Mary are the same age. At age 25 Mary began saving $2,000 a year while Rob saved nothing. At age 50, Rob realized that he needed money for retirement and started saving $4,000 per year while Mary kept saving her $2,000. Now they are both 75 years old. Who has the most money in his or her retirement account?
51% of high school students understand the value of compound interest? I think that's quite encouraging. I am willing to bet that a similar proportion of the adult population understands it – meaning that some people get it early on, and some people never will. I am not sure that represents a failure of education. A significant proportion of Americans believe all sorts of things (that witches exist today, that (at least in 2003) Saddam Hussein was behind 9/11 or that evolution cannot be accepted). It doesn't mean our education system is failing, it just means that some people can't wrap their minds around simple facts. So rather than looking at this as a glass half-empty, I look at it as a snapshot of how things are when parents and governments don't set a good example by living within their means. If almost 50% of kids understand that they need to pay more than the minimum on a credit card to get out of debt and will have more money if they start saving sooner, I think there's still hope. For the other 50%, I'm not sure that a personal finance class in school is the answer – the answer may be getting their parents educated. And as far as teaching personal finance in school goes, I'm not sure I want a federal government that spends well beyond its means each and every single year teaching anybody about how to manage their money.
I agree that ignorance about personal finance is a cycle that needs to be stopped. But there's surely no simple or easy solution. Kids can't be expected to understand concepts they've never been exposed to and if the people around them have no concept of personal finance (in the form of parents, teachers, and yes, even their federal government) then there's not much hope.
I'm no fan of Bush's "Every Child Left Behind" and I don't have much good to say about the public school system in general. After all, that's why I decided to homeschool my children all those years ago. Still, we have to start somewhere and requiring a personal finance class for HS graduation might be a solution.
The biggest problem I have with your logic is this statement: I'm not sure that a personal finance class in school is the answer – the answer may be getting their parents educated.
Remember, we're talking about high school seniors here. Most of these kids are only a few years away from becoming parents themselves! If they don't get personal finance info now, they will become another generation in the cycle — passing on their ignorance of credit card debt and compounding interest to the next generation. I would think that thought educating high school seniors in even the rudiments of personal finance would be easier than rounding up the parents of those same seniors and teaching them the same concepts and then hope that they'll pass the info on to their kids.
While I don't think kids are stupid when it comes to issues like these, I do think that the area of personal finance is something that is really learned by experience. Do half of the kids know that it is a bad idea to pay only the minimum? Sure. But how many really know how bad it is?
Until they have spent some time actually feeling the effects of struggling with debt, or have witnessed the power of compound interest in their own accounts, many people still won't get it.
It is one thing to understand the concepts, but it is another to really understand their true importance. Of course, those who understand the concepts may still experience bad decisions, but they will have the knowledge to rectify the problem much sooner than someone who is completely clueless.
I agree with the commenter Steve. Knowing something and doing something with that knowledge are two completely different things.
I would say most kids anywhere are stupid about personal finance because they have rarely had experience with receiving a paycheque, paying taxes, using credit, etc.
Stupid here doesn't mean lack of book knowledge but lack of experience.
I've known a few witches, but not of the storybook variety. Just ladies who identified themselves as being witches. (Not including a number of wiccans as well). So technically I believe in them as much as I believe in the sun…but I don't think that's the kind of witch the story you referenced meant.
At least somewhere around half are getting the concepts right. It's a start.
I don't think "getting it" is the problem – it's actually DOING it. Most Americans know that credit card debt is a dangerous thing – the challenge comes in when you're actually faced with the item that you want. Do you truly have the willpower to say no?
I think it's encouraging. People aren't going to do it if they don't know that they should.
Thanks for sharing some of the questions. I heard about the survey results, but didn't realize the sponsorship or the bias. Of course, your responses are biased too, but it's your blog so they have every right to be.
I was raised by working class parents where money was tight, in an era where there were few credit cards or other personal instruments of debt. I went to the library and taught myself personal finance when I started earning a regular paycheck (the Andrew Tobias books of the 1970s/80s were great!). I couldn't tell you why; it just seemed like the right thing to do. My parents knew nothing about the subject, and it certainly wasn't taught in school. But it's more than education; it's also the application in everyday life.
Being able to answer questions on a sponsored quiz is different from facing the "free money" of credit cards in college and/or the real world. The fact that our national savings rate is -2% or so, and that college students are graduating with credit card debt, proves the point that somewhere along the line the next generation isn't being educated on the facts of finance.
I think it's easy to know something, but harder to do it in the face of everything around you telling you otherwise. For example, I should know that I shouldn't get a loan using my car as collateral, but the TV told me it was a perfect way to buy clothes at the sale that started today….
The kids are stupid compared to what though? It would have been more interesting if they gave the exact same test to their parents and compared the scores.
All that survey tells me is that kids have declining financial literary which match the explosion of debt levels across the nation so are the falling test scores a generational thing or a societal thing?
Those are really sad figures, I mean sure not everyone knows but having over 50% of the student population not knowing the correct answer,… sheesh. Well personal finance is not taught in school. The most exposure a student may receive will be maybe an hour or two lecture in there math course which of course is the most interesting class in the world.. Can't blame them too much.
Are American kid's parents stupid about personal finance? That might be the best question!
Like Trent said, knowing a fact is relatively easy, understanding it is a little more difficult, but putting it into practice can prove to be extremely difficult. Where American kids will have problems in the future is with the "gotta have it now" attitude. My phrase is: I came, I saw, I wanted, I bought (with Mastercard).
What you and I are doing, along with our readers (hopefully) and other personal finance bloggers is preparing OUR children to be the business owners, entrepreneurs, and employers of those who were never taught anything about managing their money. It sounds harsh, but it's true.
In today's economy, the greatest asset you can have is knowledge, but the greatest characteristic you can have is the willingness to put that knowledge to use.
@Jeremy: I'm not sure I agree completely. I never struggled with debt, and I began investing early. Clearly I didn't suffer through experience to learn how to do this – I was taught (by my parents and grandparents). I get your point, but I don't think we need to view it as a "throw the kids in and let 'em swim" question. I just think the schools aren't the place to do it!
@Elizabeth: I think there is a simple solution, which is to teach your kids about personal finance at home. The kicker is that to do this, the parents need to be educated about it in the first place. It's a chicken-and-egg question in some ways. And you're 100% right – I think personal finance (if it was to be taught in school) needs to come much, much earlier. High school is already too late.
@plonkee: Absolutely. Glass is half full!
@Curmudgeon: I'm not sure it was bias in the survey so much as just an odd view of what's important. Investing in the market is pitched with such fever in this country it's often confused with fact rather than opinion. Merrill Lynch obviously has a vested interest in steering people towards investing in the market rather than, say, starting a business of their own. It's commendable that you taught yourself. Today's students are in an odd situation – every single drop of financial information you might ever need in your life is available through the Internet, so they have an advantage over those of us raised in the "paper era." At the same time, the competition for their attention is mind-numbing – from Wiis to Facebook to 500 TV channels, they have to struggle mightily to focus. I don't envy them, to be honest.
@No Debt Plan,@deepali: Yep, you're right – same as with smoking, everyone knows it's bad yet a significant percentage of the population still do it. Knowing and doing are two different things!
@thickenmywallet: I would love to see the same survey applied to adults, I agree. I doubt that the results change much, to be honest, although some people obviously learn once they are thrown in the water, as other commenters have pointed out.
@SYL: I can't remember one second of personal finance except as you said maybe as a math problem. But I don't think I heard a single whisper in school about finance. Not one. Amazing, when you think about it.
@Ron: I think you said something I didn't want to say but it's completely true! In a selfish sense, I was armed by my parents and my son will be armed by me with an advantage over our fellow citizens. In a purely selfish sense, the "dumbing down" of American students in regards to personal finance is good news for all of us who do have some understanding. It's harsh, it's not pleasant to frame it in those terms, but it's true. And since the information is not exactly The Secret – at least not if you can Google "personal finance" – I guess we hope that the rising wave will lift all swimmers!
wow. how perfect to come across this post! this is going on my news links page as it is EXACTLY the kind of stuff i'm looking to point out. i am about to add a quiz and it has similar questions. i think high schools should go back to teaching civics and make personal finance 101 part of it. kids need to see real life examples. that does it – wealthblocks for kids is now under construction!
A.1. – Splits into two equal piles: spends half with impunity and no guilt on things that he needs and can afford; invests the other half in my portfolio (he asked me!).
A.2. Chores = $28 / Month Allowance + his eBay Store = $30 / week (all his own initiative … we do nothing to help).
Do I really care how he answers a few theoretical questions?
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It is pretty scary. As Bernanke recently said, personal finance has become more complex than ever, and those who aren't savvy will struggle. Hopefully this brings light to the fact that kids in America are very uneducated when it comes to finances. Why isn't Personal Finance 101 mandatory in every public high school? I took honors AP economics my senior year of high school and was being taught complicated theories and supply and demand curves. Have I ever used that knowledge again? No. I would have much more greatly benefited from learning how credit cards work, how insurance works, how to file your taxes, etc. Why are we letting our kids learn the hard way instead of simply teaching them in school? Isn't that the point of school?? Phew, sorry…this subject just gets me all riled up!
Yes, I think it would be beneficial to have a PF 101 type of class for HS students… but let's not forget, many times school is not the answer. What I mean by that is that it doesn't work many times… people just don't want to be educated, that's part of the problem!
I've said it about every other factor in childraising and I think this is no different. You get out of a child what you put in. Some grow in spite of what you put in. Some grow because of what you put in. But they're all giving back some form of what we put in. Hopefully when my kids are taking those nifty (weighted) tests, they'll be scoring in the higher smartitude brackets.
High school seniors, on average, answered correctly only 48.3 percent of questions about personal finance and economics ——————– this is sad… because you need to manage your finances well..


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