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Your Euro Cup '16 Primer
By Justin Sherman (@JShermOfficial)
Two-time defending Euro champion Spain looks to become the first nation to ever three-peat, France hopes to cash in on home-soil advantage, and much more in our mega in-depth Euro Cup preview.
As hosts, France will look to repeat the success home field advantage helped them achieve in winning the 1998 World Cup and Euro '84. Coach Didier Deschamps was the captain of France in '98 and leads a talented squad with quality players sprinkled all over the pitch such as Paul Pogba and Antoine Griezmann.
The biggest question mark resides at the forward position, after star Karim Benzema was excommunicated from the squad for his involvement in an alleged plot to blackmail France teammate Mathieu Valbuena, a decision confirmed by French football federation in April. Nevertheless, if Les Bleus can hold up at the back there is no reason to believe a title run is not in their future.
Romania's qualification was a shock, not only because up to this point they had appeared in only one international tournament (Euro 2000), but it was also in the fashion they did it in. Qualifying unbeaten, no side allowed less goals than the Tricolorii, with an absurd two. Their offense on the other hand? Downright offensive, with no side scoring fewer than the 11 they were able to muster.
The Swiss are led by promising young players, many of them with immigrant backgrounds, such as Stoke's Xherdan Shaqiri, who is of Kosovar descent, as is new Arsenal midfield signing Granit Xhaka. A surprise run to the Round of 16 in the last World Cup has provided optimism, but if their qualifying play was any indication of what's to come, few of Europe's elite would tremble at a potential matchup.
Taken's Marco of Tropoya put his country of Albania on the map with his famous phrase of "good luck", and that's precisely what their men's soccer team will need now as well. Led by Italian manager Gianni de Biasi, the Albanians qualified for a major international competition for the first time in their history. Goalkeeper Etrit Berisha and defender Elseid Hysaj -- both of whom play in Serie A -- will be relied upon to recreate the magic that saw them beat Portugal in qualification, earning the entire squad Albania's highest civilian award, the Honour of National Order.
Must-see game: Switzerland vs. Albania / June 11th 9:00 AM
Players to watch: Paul Pogba (France), Granit Xhaka (Switzerland), Vlad Iulian Chiricheș (Romania), Elseid Hysaj (Albania)
Style points: This Swiss miss is clean, diversified and regal. The flag imprint on the central bar is a nice touch as well.
Romania's number is just a boring and uninspired effort, but what would you expect with Joma as your sponsor?
Best Jersey/Switzerland Away Worst Jersey/Romania Home
Predicted finish: 1. France 2. Switzerland 3. Romania 4. Albania
Undefeated in qualifying, a sense of optimism has swelled around a nation once proud of their English national side. Coming off a disastrous 2014 World Cup, in which not a single game was won, manager Roy Hodgson knew he needed to shake things up. A youth movement began, led by Harry Kane and 18 year old wonder kid Marcus Rashford. Wayne Rooney is the last man standing from the old guard, but his form has dipped considerably this season, making his starting spot anything but guaranteed. For a nation so rich with soccer history it is a shock that England have never lifted this cup, but this may very well be their best chance in a while.
The Russian qualification campaign was a roller coaster most supporters would want nothing to do with. The 2018 World Cup hosts come into the Euro's in disarray, as manager Fabio Capello was sacked halfway through, with CSKA Moscow coach Leonid Slutsky called in last June to rescue the campaign while continuing to coach at his club. The talent pool has nearly completely dried out since the Russians made a surprise run to the quarterfinals of Euro 08', and not much should be expected, despite their modest improvement under Slutsky.
Long suffering Welsh fans will finally get something to celebrate this summer, as their country will be making their first finals tournament since 1958. The weight of the collective nation will rest squarely on the shoulders of Real Madrid's Gareth Bale, whose plethora of goals and assists in qualifying will be needed once more. Sure to garner most of the opposition's attention, players such as Aaron Ramsey and Joe Allen must step up. If they do, Wales has a real shot of reaching the knockout rounds where anything can happen.
Back in the 2010 World Cup, little was expected from a side making their very first international appearance, but boy did they leave their mark. Slovakia advanced to the round of 16, knocking out defending champion Italy in the process. They started their qualifying campaign much the same, as Jan Kozak's side beat Ukraine away from home, stunned Spain and, in all, claimed wins in their first six games.
Unfortunately, from that point on they failed to score in three games, and were only able to secure qualification after a tension filled victory over minnows Luxembourg. Which side will show up is anyone's guess, but if Hamsik and Skrtel are on their game, Slovakia could put a scare in any side.
Must-see game: England vs. Wales / June 16th 9:00 AM
Players to watch: Harry Kane (England), Gareth Bale (Wales), Marek Hamsik (Slovakia), Aleksandr Kokorin (Russia)
Style points: Not a great lot to choose from in this group, especially with England bizarrely incorporating powder blue sleeves , but Slovakia does OK. The colors are easy on the eyes and simple, keeping a clean look that can never go wrong.
Russia's away jersey looks like a wallpaper you would find adorning an Eastern European brothel. By now, the stylist was probably poisoned.
Best jersey/Slovakia Home Worst jersey/Russia Home
Predicted finish: 1. England 2. Wales 3. Slovakia 4. Russia
Once again, the Germans will come into another Euro tournament as one of the favorites, and it's easy to understand why. The reigning World Cup champions bring back essentially the same squad that lifted the golden ball in Rio, giving manager Joachim Low an abundance of talent to choose from. Even so, some of Low's selection choices have raised a few eyebrows around Deutschland, particularly the inclusion of Andre Schurrle and Lukas Podolski at the expense of Julian Brandt and Karim Bellarabi.
Marco Reus will again miss another major tournament through injury, which could come back to bite the squad this time around. After a runner-up finish in 2008 to Spain and a loss to Italy in the 2012 semis, now is the time for the Germans to claim their first European championship since 1996.
One of the competition's real dark horses, Poland come into France riding high. Robert Lewandowski and Arkadiusz Milik led the most lethal attack in Europe through qualifying and, as a whole, the team is very well-balanced. Kamil Glik is a reliable center-back who can provide a threat on set-pieces; Kuba Blaszczykowski is spirited and offers great pace on the edge; while Grzegorz Krychowiak provides a towering presence who has been the heartbeat of a Sevilla midfield that has won the Europa League three years in a row.
Few countries have had a more turbulent time over the past year than Ukraine. Looking for a sliver of hope in the face of despair, they will attempt to shock the world by advancing to the round of 16. Lucky for them, few sides are able to count on the attacking talent available to Mykhaylo Fomenko. Out on the left, Ukraine boast Yevhen Konoplyanka, a young and dazzling player capable of deciding any match (just ask Real Madrid). Out on the right is Andriy Yarmolenko who inspired Dynamo Kyiv to the knockout stages of the Champions League for the first time since 1999, and also scored in both legs of Ukraine's playoff against Slovenia. The rest of their squad is quite thin, so mistakes will
have to be made at a minimum in order to progress.
The lowest seeded team ever to win their group, Northern Ireland ended a 30-year wait to appear at the European Championship. The forgotten ones (I like to call them the wildlings) of the British Isles have quietly gone unbeaten for over a year, invigorating a nation with optimism not seen since the 1982 World Cup side. Reality is surely about to hit them in the face come tournament time, but hey, stranger things have happened.
Must-see game: Germany vs. Poland / June 16th 3:00 PM
Players to watch: Manuel Neuer (Germany), Robert Lewandowski (Poland), Yevhen Konoplyanka (Ukraine), Will Grigg (Northern Ireland)
Style points: Call me crazy but I'm digging this Ukrainian cluster f**k, and no, I'm not just trying to score points with my girlfriend.
On the other hand, Germany's risque experiment is a complete disaster. Gone are the fantastic red and black kits of yesteryear, instead replaced with some forest green that would be better served as camouflage.
Best jersey/Ukraine Away Worst jersey/Germany Away
Predicted finish: 1. Germany 2. Poland 3. Ukraine 4. Northern Ireland
Group D is undoubtedly one of the toughest of the six groups, with all four sides currently within the top 30 of the FIFA world rankings. Although some of the aura has been lost after their shocking exit from the group stage of the 2014 World Cup, Spain are the back-to-back champions of this tournament so, until someone officially knocks them out, they have to be considered one of the favorites.
Their midfield is still among the best in the world with names such as Busquets, Iniesta and Silva, and their defense is formidable with Ramos and Pique holding the line. Still, Vicente del Bosque does have issues between the sticks where David De Gea must surely be picked ahead of Spanish legend Iker Casillas, although locker room politics may determine otherwise. Then there is the small matter of who to go with up front given Diego Costa was not picked. Alvaro Morata is the likely choice, but his international performances have been anything but convincing.
Fancied by many, Croatia come into the tournament as a universal favorite. The biggest reason -- their midfield. Luka Modric and Mateo Kovacic play for Real Madrid; Ivan Rakitic is a regular for Barcelona; Marcelo Brozović and Ivan Perišić star for Inter Milan. At the top they are led by Juventus' Mario Mandžukić, a talented player who at times lets his emotions get the best of him. Perhaps their biggest question mark lies with their coach, Ante Cacic, who controversially dropped center-back Dejan Lovren from the squad due to "differences". With all the tools to go far, Croatia should do very well, but a strong group of talented squads may have other plans.
There's just something about these tournaments that brings out the best in Turkey. They reached the quarter-finals in Euro 2000, took Third Place in the 2002 World Cup and the 2008 Euros, bringing a ferocity and win-at-all-costs attitude that intoxicates your neutral observer.
The midfield is talented and lead by Barcelona playmaker Arda Turan, and one of the world's best free kick takers, Hakan Calhanoglu. However, it remains to be seen if the Turks possesses a striker within their ranks that is capable of putting the ball in the back of the net. Finishing in the top-2 of the group could prove to be a tall order, but an advancement as one of the 3rd place finishers is very attainable.
Aside from captain and legendary goalkeeper Petr Cech, the Czech Republic no longer feature a host of names from the Premier League, La Liga or Serie A. Still, they managed to beat the Netherlands twice in qualifying to secure the top spot in their group in the process. Although able to score their fair share of goals, the Czechs' biggest weakness lies in the back. Their defense allowed more goals than any other team going to the European Championship, conceding fourteen times, mostly against inferior opposition. With these numbers, teams like Croatia and Spain won't have a problem to break them and end their hopes way too soon.
Must-see game: Spain vs. Croatia / June 21st 3:00 PM
Players to watch: Andres Iniesta (Spain), Petr Cech (Czech Republic), Arda Turan (Turkey), Luka Modric (Croatia)
Style points: It just shouldn't work, but somehow it does -- phenomenally. The wavy pattern, the blue stripe, the checkered socks! Croatia outdoes themselves once again, but how can they top it?
This one hurts my soul, but my beloved Spain, what have you done? The white uniforms in the 2014 world cup were fantastic, but these look like a toddler got into the condiment section and decided to throw ketchup and mustard with no rhyme or reason.
Best Jersey/ Croatia Home Worst Jersey/Spain Away
Predicted finish: 1. Spain 2. Croatia 3. Turkey 4. Czech Republic
With arguably the deepest offensive attack in the tournament, Belgium are seen as the heavy favorites to win Group E. Possessing the likes of Romelu Lukaku, Kevin De Bruyne and Eden Hazard is enough to make even the finest defender blush. With crucial experience gained in the last World Cup this was supposed to be their chance for a long and prosperous run. Unfortunately, manager Marc Wilmots has been dealt a bit of an unlucky hand.
First, captain Vincent Kompany was lost to injury. Then, one by one, Nicolas Lombaerts, Dedryck Boyata and Bjorn Engels all joined him on the training table. Toby Alderweireld and Thomas Vermaelen are both more than capable replacements, but any more injuries could spell doom for a side with so much potential.
Manager Antonio Conte guides the Italians one final time before moving on to the club ranks with Chelsea. Italy surprised many in the 2012 edition, making it all the way to the final before being dismantled by Spain, but this time around the squad appears to lack much of the firepower needed to progress far.
Only one player in the squad, Daniele De Rossi, has scored in double figures for the Italians.
Midfielders Claudio Marchisio, Marco Verratti and Riccardo Montolivo are all out, putting even more pressure on a Juventus led backline expected not to concede many goals. On the brightside, the Azzurri still have Gigi Buffon providing a brick wall in front of goal. In what is likely the legend's last major international tournament, he will again attempt to will his squad on another deep Euro Cup run.
All eyes will be on Sweden's Zlatan Ibrahimovic as he may very well be playing his last tournament, as he is expected to retire from international football after its conclusion. The 34-year old still has the goods to get the job done, evidenced by his astonishing season for PSG in which he scored 50 goals. Sweden also have a crop of promising young players, but they will be playing in their first major tournament for the senior side. Six of them led the Under-21 side to European glory last summer, so they know how to play and win together, but this is an entirely different ballgame. With just one win in their past six games, Zlatan and the boys will have to hit the ground running or face an abrupt exit.
Ireland, and their legion of fans, will swarm the shores of France with optimism and pints of Guinness. Manager Martin O'Neil will hope his lads brought their lucky clovers because they're gonna need all the help they can get with this gauntlet of a group. What is significant is that Ireland only conceded seven goals in qualifying and took four points from world champions Germany in the process. Aging captain Robbie Keane will again be counted on to inspire a group that admittedly, must rely on set-pieces for goals and stout defense to have much of a chance.
Must-see game: Italy vs. Sweden / June 17th 9:00 AM
Players to watch: Eden Hazard (Belgium), Gianluigi Buffon (Italy), Robbie Keane (Ireland), Zlatan Ibrahimovic (Sweden)
Style points: Italy gets it right (unlike England and the USA) by actually playing in the shade of blue present in their flag. The kit is simple, yet intimidating, with the focus squarely on the world famous logo of the Azzuri.
Is this the Tour De France or the Euro Cup? Yes, Belgium is known for their prowess on two wheels and this get-up did normally drape the back of its champions, but that still doesn't make it any less ugly.
Best jersey/ Italy home Worst jersey/ Belgium away
Predicted finish: 1. Belgium 2. Italy 3. Sweden 4. Republic of Ireland
Much like Sweden, Portugal rely on a singular superstar to drive their team to victory. Cristiano Ronaldo is that man, and nothing will be more important come game-time than his fitness. The Real Madrid star looked well short of his peak in the Champions League final and manager Fernando Santos will be praying that he recovers in time. Other stalwarts such as Nani, Pepe and Bruno Alves will also be critical if Portugal are to go far. Fortunate to be drawn into one of the weaker groups of the tournament, Ronaldo and the boys should win the group fairly easily, even if not at their complete best.
If there's a true under-the-radar darkhorse in this competition, it's Austria. After drawing their first qualifying game against Sweden, they dominated their group winning every single game. Austria are disciplined and often defending in numbers, led by Bayern Munich left-back David Alaba. Their counter-attack can be deadly as well with the 6-foot-5 tall Marc Janko lurking in the shadows for a cross. His seven goals in qualifying were a god send for a team that lacks any traditional stars. With most of their players having played together for the better part of 4 years, Austria not only possess the chemistry, but the resolve to make some real noise.
Finally, we've arrived to my favorite story of the tournament. Iceland are the smallest nation ever to qualify for the European Championship, but they're by no means the weakest. They beat Netherlands home and away in qualifying, and are the primary reason Arjen Robben and the boys will be spending their summer biking around Amsterdam. They kept six clean sheets in their 10 games and are led by not one, but two managers. Lars Lagerback and Heimir Hallgrimsson have forged a relaxed and spirited bunch that have enough talent in all three departments to produce the next 30 for 30. They may not be aiming for a top two finish, but that could all change if they hold Portugal to a draw, or win, in their first match.
Getting to this tournament may not have been easy for Hungary, but it surely was eventful. They worked their way through three managers in qualifying, scored more than one goal in only two of 10 matches and somehow managed to lose to free-falling Greece. If that wasn't traumatic enough, a playoff with Norway was necessary to achieve qualification in their first international tournament since the 1986 World Cup. Once the greatest team in the world, these have been hard times for the once magical Magyars of the '50s, but coach Bernd Storck has nothing to lose and neither does his team, making them a dangerous opponent on any given day.
Must-see game: Portugal vs. Austria / June 18th 3:00 PM
Players to watch: Cristiano Ronaldo (Portugal), David Alaba (Austria), Balázs Dzsudzsák (Hungary), Gylfi Sigurdsson (Iceland)
Style points: Unexpectedly solid effort from the Austrians with a different, yet non distracting pattern. I especially like the flags adorning the bottom of the sleeves.
Portugal, on the other hand, has decided to go with a hue even Cristiano Ronaldo will be hard pressed to pull off.
Best jersey/ Austria home Worst jersey/Portugal Away
Predicted finish: 1. Austria 2. Portugal 3. Iceland 4. Hungary
Predicted Euro Cup champions: France
Labels: EUFA , Euro Cup , FIFA , nfl , Soccer


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Home > Free Essays > Sociology > Racism > Racism and Ethnicity in Latin America
Racism and Ethnicity in Latin America Essay
Updated: Aug 14th, 2021
The problem of the relationship between races, the interaction of different nations in a complicated multicultural and multiracial society has always attracted the attention of scientists and ordinary people. The issue is so important to understand because it not only concerns relations in the international community but touches every human being in particular. I mean that everyone can be involved in a racially-based conflict if he or she does not know the basic principles of human ethics and respect towards others. Lots of armed conflicts around the world are consequences of the lack of such knowledge and reluctance to go into details of the issue.
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Especially vividly this is illustrated by the conflicts in the countries where, historically or because of other reasons, several nations happen to live together. For instance, today's Pakistan-Indian conflicts, clashes inside of Iraq community between Sunnis and Shiahs, and war between Israel and Palestine.
Ethnic minorities, their status in this or that society, the issue of their relationships with the dominant parts of certain communities – these are all burning problems of today's world that have no less important for the peaceful coexistence of various nations on Earth.
The countries of Latin America seemed to be exceptions from this rule when they fought together against the Spanish rule in the 19th century and nothing predicted the situation to change so drastically with the flow of time. Nowadays ethnic problems and various kinds of discrimination based upon race, for instance, problematic access to jobs, education, conveniences, and scornful social attitude towards ethnic minorities, became one of the most important factors undermining the stability in this region.
This essay aims at seeing and analyzing the ethnic and racially-based issues in the countries of Latin America in order to understand the problems mentioned above and an attempt to suggest a way out for the nations and ethnic groups confronting each other. To achieve the setup goals we are going to exemplify our statements and thoughts with the excerpts from scientific ("Americas: the changing face of Latin America and the Caribbean" by Peter Winn) and literary ("I, Rigoberta Menchu, an Indian woman in Guatemala" by Rigoberta Menchu) works which constitute the best creations giving information about the state of things in Latin America.
To start the essay, we should provide some background on the topic of Latin American countries, so that to realize the cultural, historical, and political reasons for race and ethnicity problems existing in the region nowadays. Latin America is quite a peculiar region in concern of ethnicity as its history has always been a mix of cultures.
It includes indigenous people of Latin American countries (Indians Maya who inhabited the area long before the white people came to know about its existence), the European conquerors who came in the Middle Ages to take the land and freedom of this people, people of African origin whose ancestors were brought to this area as slaves to serve the white conquerors, and, finally, the creoles (or mestizos) – the children of mixed marriages between white and indigenous or black inhabitants of the region.
The enumerated groups were always situated on different layers of the local society that is why conflicts between them were a usual thing. The whites, who positioned themselves as the highest class, suppressed other social groups; emancipation of people of African origin gave them relief but worsened the state of the indigenous people as they left to be the only subordinated and the lowest class of the society bound to do the less prestigious work and to exist in the atmosphere of contempt and suppression, they had "nothing, absolutely nothing, not even a decent roof over our heads; no land, no work, no health care, no food, no education" (Winn, 575).
The mestizos were thought to lose their roots, they were considered neither Indians nor Europeans and were not liked by both races: "…their beliefs, their traditions and customs, and the adoption of the culture of their ancient masters. After one generation they become mestizos. They are no longer Indians." (Winn, 256). Mayan (Indian) families were afraid of becoming assimilated with the culture of their suppressors, they neglected everything that might relate them to the Spanish culture, especially the language. Parents did not allow their children to study at schools where the subjects were taught in Spanish as it was supposed to be the thing that would "take away their indigenous culture" (Menchu, 169, 190).
The attitude towards people who adjusted to the Spanish culture was scornful, especially towards those who used the advantages of belonging to a higher level of the society in order to benefit from his or her former compatriots. Rigoberta Menchu speaks, in this case, about "the moral degradation of "Latinized Indians" who use their knowledge of Spanish to exploit other Indians" (Menchu, 37).
The situation with the conflict of cultures, Mayan and Spanish, seems to be the leitmotif of the whole history of almost all Latin American countries, and Rigoberta Menchu uses this conflict as the main idea of her work. It starts about four hundred years ago with the arrival of Spanish conquerors and ends with the scene of the main character's father's death in the Spanish embassy in Guatemala. The stylistic means of allusion helps to demonstrate the vital importance of ethnic identity – the father is the person Rigoberta loves more than anyone other in the world and the Spanish take away his life like they took the most significant for her whole nation – freedom and right for self-identity.
A situation like this arose lots of uprisings and guerrilla revolts, particularly in Guatemala, and Menchu's heroine herself participated in them, although with certain problems connected with sexist prejudice, and contributed to the struggle of Indian people. Indian community itself did not approve of women's active role in such affairs but Rigoberta was sure that she was right. "The community is very suspicious of a woman like me who is twenty-three but they don't know where I've been or where I've lived" (Menchu, 61). As we can observe, ethnicity has always been a burning issue, and struggle against it has been the business of everyone irrespective of his or her age, sex, or social position.
In the 20th century, the situation seemed to start improving when the movements for ethnic minorities' rights turned out to be very influential. But then people saw that the state of thing, which was formed during centuries, is not so easy to change as it seemed. At present, statistic reports say that positions of ethnic minorities are very bad in Latin American countries. Not to operate with general statements we should provide this statement with specific examples and data which is impossible without sticking to particular countries. Let us analyze the state of things with racial discrimination specifically in Guatemala and Brazil.
The examples of the real state of things for ethnic minorities in these countries are very pessimistic – people of Indian origin in Guatemala earn about 60% fewer wages than white people do. Over 50% of white families have access to sewerage in Guatemala and only 30% of Indian families. In Brazil the situation is not much better – about a half of white families have conveniences at their disposal, while among indigenous people the part having access to the sewerage constitute nearly 40% of the ethnic group.
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Although gender discrimination nowadays tends to decrease, racially and ethnically based controversy still leaves a lot of points for open discussion and solution. No access to education and further career development prospective for the representatives of ethnic minorities is another point that does not allow to settle all the contradictions at this stage of the development of the society.
All the above said makes evident the fact that racial ideologies influence greatly all other spheres of human life in the countries of Latin America. It has an impact on the political, economic, and social areas of this or that country. The examples of Brazil and, especially, Guatemala prove that the social distinction is still based on ethnic principles – the level of income of a person can not be high if he or she belongs to an ethnic minority, like Maya Indians in Guatemala.
Such people do not have educational opportunities and, as a result, no chances for successful career development. These conditions create a lack of qualified workers, as only a small part of the Guatemalan population can afford a University or College education. At the same time, these dual standards make the average living standard much lower, and, finally, the international image of Guatemala or any other Latin American country with the same problems is being greatly damaged by issues of this kind.
The information analyzed in this essay leads us to the logical conclusion that the issues of race and ethnicity are still of primary importance for the whole world, and Latin American countries are not an exception. Due to historical, cultural, and political reasons these problems here are very significant because Latin America is characterized by the variety of peoples, it is inhabited with and the variety of relations between them.
And as a final thought of this essay, I would like to cite lines from "Americas" by Peter Winn who offers "to believe that it is not yet too late to engage in the creation of… a new and sweeping utopia of life, where no one will be able to decide for others how they die, where love will prove true and happiness be possible, and where the races condemned to one hundred years of solitude, will have, at last, and forever, a second opportunity on earth (Winn, 464).
Menchu, Rigoberta. I Rigoberta Menchu, ed., Elisabeth Burgos-Debray; trans. Ann Wright. London: Verso, 1984.
Winn, Peter. Americas: the changing face of Latin America and Caribbean. Los – Angeles: The University of California Press, 2006.
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Problem of Racism to Native Americans in Sport	Chicano Discrimination in Higher Education
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Effect of Biofield Energy Treatment on Streptococcus group B: A Postpartum Pathogen
Mahendra Kumar Trivedi, Alice Branton, Dahryn Trivedi, Gopal Nayak, Harish Shettigar, Sambhu Charan Mondal, Snehasis Jana
Journal of Microbial & Biochemical Technology, 7(5), 269-273 (2015) .
Streptococcus agalactiae group B (S. agalactiae gr. B) is widespread in nature mainly causes bacterial septicemia and neonatal meningitis. The current study was attempted to investigate the effect of biofield treatment on S. agalactiae gr. B with respect of antimicrobial sensitivity, biochemical reactions and bio typing. S. agalactiae gr. B strain was used in this experiment bearing the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC 12386) number and stored according to the recommended storage protocol. The revived and lyophilized state of ATCC strains of S. agalactiae gr. B were selected for the study. Gr. I was considered as control. Both revived (Group; Gr. II) and lyophilized (Gr. III) strains of S. agalactiae gr. B were subjected to Mr. Trivedi's biofield treatment. Gr. II was assessed on day 5 and day 10 while Gr. III on day 10 with respect to the control (Gr. I) using MicroScan Walk-Away® system. Although biofield treatment did not show any change with respect to susceptibility pattern. However the minimum inhibitory concentration of S. agalactiae gr. B showed significant (70.37%) alteration, out of twenty-seven tested antimicrobials, among which in Gr. II i.e. 62.96% on day 5 and 66.67% on day 10 while no alteration was found in lyophilized group (Gr. III) as compared to the control. Moreover, the improvement of MIC value of norfloxacin was observed by two-fold (8 to ≤4 μg/mL) in Gr. II on day 10 after biofield energy treatment as compared to the control. It was observed that overall 48.28% biochemical reactions, out of twenty-nine were altered in Gr. II with respect to the control. Moreover, biotype numbers were changed in Gr. II on day 5 (777777615) and on day 10 (757677405) as compared to the control (237147047). The results suggest that biofield treatment has significant impact on S. agalactiae gr. B in revived treated cells (Gr. II) with respect to MIC values, biochemical reactions pattern and biotype number.


As expected, the new baby transition has been especially difficult for Lincoln. Lincoln was the baby. Lincoln loved being the baby. Lincoln loved to be held. He constantly had my attention. He had a good life.
Jonah came in and stole everything Lincoln thought was his. Suddenly his mom is overwhelmingly less available, his position in the family has been altered, and a new little creature began stealing all his attention.
In fact, all the boys kind of went through a rough week or so of fighting, arguing, hitting, wrestling, and basically acting like a pack of dogs trying to figure out who the alpha male is going to be now that we've added another pup to the litter.
I'm not sure if the role of alpha male has been successfully won over, but the mischievous male role was quickly filled by a certain toddler who took it upon himself to transition into a full-blown two-year-old once he realized his baby title had been taken.
My sister ran into us at the library a week into our becoming-a-family-of-6 adjustment. Lincoln was running around, not minding any of Jeff or my requests. He was shouting orders at people, belligerently shouting "No!" just because he could, and it was here he discovered he could run and I could not while I was recovering.
My sister, who had just watched old, innocent, sweet, baby Lincoln for 3 days, looked on with disbelief as she saw first-hand the drastic transition our toddler had made. "He acts like he's the big man on campus now!" She said with a laugh upon watching his hyperactive library shenanigans.
And so it has continued at home. Lincoln is a tornado of trouble. Every morning as Lincoln barges in while I nurse Jonah, I try to convince Lincoln that he's too big to lay in the baby's pack-n-play while he dangles his feet threateningly into the bed.
Then I shower and come out to a little munchkin who has plopped himself in baby's bouncer with baby's blanket, convincingly claiming them both as his own.
After I burp Jonah and lay him down next to me, Lincoln wedges himself right up next to me as close as possibly and then slowly makes efforts to shove Jonah away with his feet.
This is how we nurse in the afternoon.
And this is where I find Jonah's binky before bed.
Poor Lincoln. He's even tried to steal Jonah's name. For as quickly as he grew up, he's sure wanting to go back to being the baby.
We're all thankful when Jeff comes home from work to help everyone wrestle out their new baby anxieties. I am happy to sit on the couch with peaceful new baby and watch the chaos, wondering if I will ever grow to understand the appeal of wrestling as I raise all these boys.
The folded ear in all its glory.
He looks very Jeff-y to me here.
His umbilical cord got really stinky, fell off super early, and then wouldn't stop bleeding for a week! I put a band-aid over it because I thought it was bleeding from rubbing against his diaper. At his 2-week appointment the pediatrician put silver nitrate on it and it's finally on the mend.
I said prayers and prayers that this baby would sleep, and sleep he does! Hallelujah!
My friends came to visit and swoon over baby one evening.
They were so nice and brought dinner and gifts with them. I opened the gifts up after they left and put one of the outfits on Jonah. It wasn't until I had it all the way on him that I laughed out loud upon noticing the symbolism.
The jammies are super cute, but he's still so small that he's a little swallowed up in them.
Jeff's been enjoying Jazz games with his newest sports fan.
I've started venturing outside with the little guy. I've been feeling great and have had a smooth recovery! It's hard to feel great but still give my body time to heal. Luckily the weather has been nice so we aren't going totally stir crazy while we're cooped up resting and recovering.
We're 3 weeks in and we are starting to function as a normal family instead of a pack of dogs. :) Everyone's finding their place and we're slowly figuring out how to do the 4-kid shuffle.
I love that little Linky-Lou in all of his Tazmanian devil glory.
Every picture of Jonah is adorable! I love them all!


text:
In August 1939, Nazi Germany introduced the Einheits-Fernseh-Empfänger E1 (i.e. Unitary-TV-receiver E1), also called Volksfernseher (i.e. People's TV), a 441-line, 25 interlaced frames per second (or more correctly 50 fields per second) television system. The TV was presented to the public in the 16th International radio exhibition Berlin.

The project started in 1938, associating the Reichspost and several companies, including Bosch, Blaupunkt,  Loewe, Lorenz, TeKaDe and Telefunken. The objective was to produce 10,000 units, but the start of World War II caused only about 50 devices to be installed in military hospitals and various government departments. The Berlin transmitter was destroyed by Allied bombing in November 1943.

Like British televisions of the era, the Einheitsempfänger could receive only one channel with its frequency pre-tuned at the factory to reduce construction costs.

Only a few surviving and functioning units are known:
 Museum for Communication Berlin (Telefunken)
 Museum for Communication Berlin (Blaupunkt, incomplete)
 Museum of Communication in Frankfurt (Telefunken, with a new speaker, otherwise completely preserved)
 Private collection of August-Peter Nehrig (Telefunken, completely preserved)
 German Museum of Technology, Berlin (reproduction without original chassis and a new speaker fabric)
 University of Mittweida (Blaupunkt, with a new speaker material, condition unknown)
 Fuerth Radio Museum (original chassis with power transformer in the exhibition)
 Fuerth Radio Museum (functional, for demonstration)

Technical data for a typical set
 Case dimensions (W×H×D): 65 cm × 37 cm × 38 cm
 Image size: 19.5 cm × 22.5 cm, 29 cm diagonal; aspect ratio 15:13 (approx 3.46:3)
 Power consumption: 185 W in television reception mode, 60 W in radio reception mode

See also
 History of television in Germany

References

 Fernsehen und Tonfilm, (i.e. Television and Sound film, journal) October 1939

Television sets
History of television
History of telecommunications in Germany
German inventions of the Nazi period
1939 introductions

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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In an earlier post I mentioned that my great aunt Hester scared me to death as a kid and I had no recollection why of why she really did. Well this weekend our granddaughter spent the night and mom scares the hell out of her.
So anyway, after taking her home yesterday Paula and I discussed why mom scares her so much. Well first thing is Mom can never rember her name. Every time Mom she sees her, Mom asks in her gravely-witch-like-voice "and who do we have here" What's your name?"
Now she's only five but she remembers who great Grandma is, so why can't great Grandma remember who she is? I'm sure that's her logic. She doesn't understand Alzheimer's plus about half the time mom has just crawled out of bed and her hair has gone completly native creating an even scarier image.
To finish this half of the story, we never did push our granddaughter toward Mom any more than her comfort level would allow. I'll also share this post with Kelsey so she understands what can happen. Mom doesn't scare Kel because she grew up with a grandma that taught her to bake cookies and fun stuff like that. It does bother her to watch Mom slipping away, but Mom doesn't scare her. If Kel were five she too may be affraid.
So after this conversation with Paula I started thinking about Hester. I know this seams like no big deal, but every time Mom mentions Laura the first thing that jumps into my head is the fear of Hester. After this many years that means it was a huge childhood imprint.
I can only remember three things about great aunt Hester. She was a large woman that wore funny socks (support hose) and she used a walker to get around the house. I don't remember, but knowing my mom she probably forced me to go give Hester a hug. I'm guessing that any type of close contact was traumatizing being only five or six years old.
I'm calling this one solved, after 45 years I think the answer is clear and this issue can be laid to rest!


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