text:
Q: How to create node set from values How can we create a node set from values....
I have n numbers 1,2,3.......n.
I want to create a node set
<MYNMUMS>
<MYNUM>1</MYNUM>
<MYNUM>2</MYNUM>
<MYNUM>3</MYNUM>
<MYNUM>4</MYNUM>
....
<MYNUM>N</MYNUM>
</MYNMUMS>

A: As easy as that:
XSLT 1.0 solution:
This transformation:
<xsl:stylesheet version="1.0"
 xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform">
 <xsl:output omit-xml-declaration="yes" indent="yes"/>

    <xsl:template match="/">
     <MyNums>
       <xsl:call-template name="generateNumNodes">
         <xsl:with-param name="pStart" select="1"/>
         <xsl:with-param name="pEnd" select="10"/>
       </xsl:call-template>
     </MyNums>
    </xsl:template>

    <xsl:template name="generateNumNodes">
      <xsl:param name="pStart"/>
      <xsl:param name="pEnd"/>

      <xsl:if test="$pEnd >= $pStart">
        <xsl:variable name="vNumNodes"
           select="$pStart -$pEnd+1"/>

        <xsl:choose>
          <xsl:when test="$vNumNodes = 1">
            <MyNum><xsl:value-of select="$pStart"/></MyNum>
          </xsl:when>
          <xsl:otherwise>
            <xsl:variable name="vHalf" select=
              "floor(($pStart+$pEnd) div 2)"/>
            <xsl:call-template name="generateNumNodes">
              <xsl:with-param name="pStart" select="$pStart"/>
              <xsl:with-param name="pEnd" select="$vHalf"/>
            </xsl:call-template>

            <xsl:call-template name="generateNumNodes">
              <xsl:with-param name="pStart" select="$vHalf+1"/>
              <xsl:with-param name="pEnd" select="$pEnd"/>
            </xsl:call-template>
          </xsl:otherwise>
        </xsl:choose>
      </xsl:if>
    </xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>

when applied on any XML document (not used), produces the desired output:
<MyNums>
   <MyNum>1</MyNum>
   <MyNum>2</MyNum>
   <MyNum>3</MyNum>
   <MyNum>4</MyNum>
   <MyNum>5</MyNum>
   <MyNum>6</MyNum>
   <MyNum>7</MyNum>
   <MyNum>8</MyNum>
   <MyNum>9</MyNum>
   <MyNum>10</MyNum>
</MyNums>

Do note the following:

*

*The template generateNumNodes calls itself recursively.

*This recursion is both time ( O(N) ),  and space ( O(log2(N)) ) efficient and practically does overflow the stack -- no SO here!

*The above feature is achieved by implementing the recursion in a DVC (DiVide and Conquer) style.

*Unlike tail-recursion it will be successfully executed on any compliant XSLT processor.

*The maximum recursion depth needed to generate 1000000 (one million numbers) is just 19.
XSLT 2.0 solution:
Even more elementary, no recursion, just using the XPath 2.0 to operator:
<xsl:stylesheet version="2.0"
    xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"
>
     <xsl:output omit-xml-declaration="yes" indent="yes"/>

    <xsl:template match="/">
        <MyNums>
          <xsl:for-each select="1 to 10">
            <MyNums>
              <xsl:sequence select="."/>
            </MyNums>
          </xsl:for-each>
        </MyNums>
    </xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>

A: XSLT is a transformation language. It is usually used when you already have some data in the form of an XML document, that you wish to transform into a different document (that may or may not be in XML format).
For the task of starting with "raw" data and generating an XML representation, XSLT is not well-suited.
I suggest you look into different langauges to solve this.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


You may have noticed I didn't update the site Saturday. My original plan was to finally put up a review of War for Cybertron. By that point I think I would be able to offer a pretty fair review of the game even though I still haven't finished both campaigns in the game yet. But I got distracted by Botcon, the yearly Transformer convention. This year it was in Orlando, so I figured I wouldn't miss out on the opportunity and skipped out on both my work and my blog.
So today will be a double shot; a game review and a con review. Which one was more fun? Check out the reviews after the jump.
My first post on this blog was about beer and then, well I got busy talking about robots and cowboys. But now we're back to beer and I won't neglect it as much as we move forward. Wednesday is my normal night out at the local pub, so for a little while Thursdays will be the day to talk about beer. In fact we are going to talk about 126 beers. If that sounds like a pretty specific number that is the number of different beers I need to drink to get my own glass at the bar I go to. Some will be pretty well know, I won't spend much time on them. The ones that are more obscure will get a bigger write up.
Beer 1 was a Guinness, because that is what I'm normally drinking when I hit the pub anyway. It is going to be hard to get through that many other beers when the Bartenders usually start pouring a Guinness for me as soon as they see me walkthrough the door.
Beer 2 wasn't very exciting either, it was a Newcastle. Not that there is anything wrong with Newcastle. I enjoy a brown ale every once in a while. But last night I was just more interested in checking off the beers they have on draft. So it was a Newcastle night.
Beer 3 was a Fort Collins Chocolate Stout. Here is where we get interesting. I've had chocolate stouts before but not this one. It has a nice head and a good chocolaty smell. You don't get much chocolate in the taste and the flavor here isn't very heavy. I am a fan of stouts and this seems not as strong as a lot of the others. So if not being able to see through your beer intimidates you, this might be a good one to try. For those who care about the numbers, ABV was just under 5 and IBU just over 30.
Next week we'll probably get to 3 or 4 other beers. I'll try to delve deeper into the selection, if anyone has any suggestions on beers to try I'll see if they have it. So with that I'll leave you with some words of wisdom from either Dean Martin or Frank Sinatra, they've both said it, not sure who said first.
I have a longstanding saying that goes, "Dreams and RPG characters are only interesting to the people that had them." Maybe you can get away with it if the description is extremely brief. Someone says, "Last night I had a dream I was surfing on a Japanese speaking shark," I'm amused. But I don't want to hear another 15 minutes worth of said dream. The same goes for role playing games. "I played a vampire street racer once in a LA based game," is acceptable. Cornering me in the RPG section of a Barnes and Nobles and telling me your character's life story for an hour is not.
With this rule firmly in place, reading about someone else's campaign should be the equivalent to water boarding. When it comes to Clockworks though, it is the complete opposite. Clockworks is a web comic by Shawn Gaston which retells the events of the game he ran for his friends. It is also a home brew setting using the Savage Worlds RPG system. The reason I'm letting you know about all of this now is that Clockworks just turned a year old!
If you're a gamer, his site has all the info you need to run your own game in the Clockwork universe. If you don't care about spending nights with funny looking dice and character sheets you can still enjoy the strip without feeling in the dark. Like any web comic the art is always evolving, but you don't really notice until you go back and look at the older stuff. I'd say Shawn's layouts and flow have really come a long way. Hopefully that doesn't come off as a backhanded compliment.
The cast is wonderful. Eva, Thornton, Toby, Ophelia, and Oliver are very fun characters that we are getting to learn about as the comic goes on. Except Oliver, damn him for being all mysterious and cool...or a vampire. Even more impressive then the characters are the setting. The extra information put out about the game world is deep. Shawn has done an awesome job in creating a world and one of these days I'm going to get a group together and run a game in it.
So the Jonah Hex movie came out Friday and made an underwhelming 5.38 Million. Rotten Tomatoes has it listed at 14%. Not a very good percentage. I had made a promise to myself to give the movie a chance; to go into the theater and not expect to see a direct translation of one of my favorite characters. I had two surprises Monday morning when I walked into the theater at 11:45. First, there were actually other people there. Not a lot sure, but I was expecting an empty theater. The second surprise; despite all its flaws, I enjoyed the movie.
I'm not saying it is a masterpiece. Maybe my expectations were so low it would be hard to make a movie as bad as I was expecting. But as I watched there were moments in the film that had me grinning widely; even cheering. There were things that made me roll my eyes too. A few times I even received a sympathetic pat on the arm from my wife. Bottom line though, I left the theater and enjoyed most of what I had just seen.
Transformers: War for Cybertron is out this Tuesday, unless you go to Sears apparently. There are lots of reports of them breaking street date. I didn't even know Sears still sold video games. Anyway, to celebrate what looks like it is going to be an awesome game I've been counting down my favorite Transformer toys I had as a kid. The list started with Thundercracker, then went to Sideswipe, Tracks, and Slag. Finally we are down to number one. Released in 1986 along with the Transformers Movie, my all time favorite Transformer is Springer.
I was 10 when the movie came out, exactly 10 because it came out on my birthday. The movie did many things that probably explain why I'm so strange, but that is better left to another discussion. The important thing it did that we're talking about today is that it introduced Springer. All of sudden the Transformers were shoved into the far future of 1995. Of course the movie introduced a bunch of new Autobots who never took the form of Earth vehicles; they were all futuristic looking Cybertronian vehicles. And in my mind Springer was the coolest.
More triple changing after the jump.
The Jonah Hex movie opens today, well I suppose some places did midnight releases so technically it opened this morning. In case the movie gets you interested in the books the character came from I've been going over some easy jumping on points. Yesterday I talked about the earliest Jonah Hex stories collected in the Showcase format. Today I'm going to cover two more current stories. Face Full of Violence and the just released No Way Back.
Face Full of Violence, besides having an awesome name is the first trade paperback collecting the new Jonah Hex series. Written by Justin Grey and Jimmy Palmiotti the comics are usually self-contained one and done stories. The fantastic part is at almost any time you could grab one issue and read it without feeling lost in a sea of continuity. They also have no permanent artist, so the style is constantly changing. Phil Noto has been one of my favorites, but the series artist list is full of big names.
More Violence after the jump.
The Jonah Hex movie comes out this Friday and commercials are all over the TV. Earlier I talked about the different cartoon versions of Hex that are out there. I plan on seeing the movie Monday afternoon, so expect a review Monday or Tuesday. I've been a Hex fan for years, but I realize that there may be some people seeing that scarred visage for the first time. If they like what they see they may want to jump into the print version of the character. So over the next couple days I'm going to cover some great books that are fairly easy to pick up.
The first book that we'll look at is Showcase Presents: Johan Hex, Vol. 1. The Showcase Presents books are fantastic deals. They may be in black and white, but the Hex book is 528 pages long. That is a whole lot of Hex for 17 bucks. In this book you get the earliest Jonah Hex stories, well before he even got his own series. The stories come from Weird Western Tales, although the first is listed as All-Star Western that book changed its name to Weird Western Tales with issue 12.
More leather slapping after the break.
War for Cybertron is only days away from release so we are getting close to the end of my Transformers countdown. Looking back at my favorite Transformers as a kid we've already covered Thundercracker, Sideswipe, and Tracks. The toy line already had cars, trucks, jets, and guns; what else could a kid want? Oh yeah, dinosaurs! The Dinobots were huge when they came out. They looked fantastic. They were all done in the same color scheme, mostly a grey with metallic silver and gold, so they looked like a cohesive unit. My personal favorite was Dinobot Slag.
Slag transformed into a Triceratops which has always been my favorite dinosaur, so as soon as I saw him I knew I had to have him. Except when the Dinobots came out they were incredibly popular. You couldn't find them on the shelves. Then one day after calling ahead to stores my cousin and I found out that Service Merchandise was getting a shipment in! We waited with my Aunt in the back of the store where there was this long conveyer belt. The Dinobots were in the back and they were going to send two of them down the belt. I was so excited to see those boxes, it seemed like forever. Then finally, we get the boxes in our hands and I could see I got...Sludge, the Brontosaurus. Sure he was cool, but I was so disappointed. Luckily a month or two later I finally got Slag.
More Slagging after the jump.
A love of monkeys is one of those stereotypical geek things. It is just a given that nerds like monkey references. Where does it start from? While I can't answer for the collective geek conscious I can firmly say where it started for me. I grew up in Warren, Michigan and when I was very young the Detroit Zoo had a chimpanzee show. I remember a chimp; I think he was named Jo-Jo. He rode tricycles, he played cowboy, and he was the star of the show. I was hooked.
Obviously, something like that wouldn't fly in the zoos of today. This was before the days of making sure every animal enclosure looks like their natural environment. The shows ran from 1932-1982. Wanting to talk about the old chimpanzee shows got me doing some research about the Detroit Zoo and I found some interesting things to share. So promise to come back to those primates, but first let me get to some other odd stories I've found in my research.
More monkeyshines after the jump.
Congrats to the Blackhawks for their first cup win since 1961. The entire series was always close and as someone with no emotional investment in either team; it was fantastic to watch. Antti Niemi was stunning when he had to be. On the Philly side, Scott Hartnell is one of my favorite players to watch. Pronger and Byfuglien were brutal. I kept hoping the Fliers would unleash the Carcillo, but when he was on the ice his reputation was drawing penalties even when he wasn't. And then there is Marian Hossa.
There are a handful of hockey players I don't like. I won't go into them all now, but things like refusing to play in a city, comments about your own team, and sometimes sucker punching puts you on my hated player list. Hossa was on my list. Sure it doesn't mean anything to him, but I've come to terms with it and may have given up hating him.
More changing of heart after the break.
War for Cybertron comes out on June 22. Because I'm so excited about a game that is calling itself a G1 prequel, I'm counting down my top five favorite Transformer toys from my childhood. Number 5 was Thundercracker the only Decepticon to make the list, so if you were hoping to see Megatron you'll be disappointed. Although as a kid I did get in trouble at an airport because of Megatron, but that is a story for another time. I mentioned how Thundercracker was my first full sized bot; Sideswipe was my first Autobot.
Sideswipe transforms into a red Lamborghini Countach. When he switches to robot mode not only did he get a gun, but he also had a shoulder mounted missile launcher. The missile launcher I had didn't fire at all, the spring must have been messed up. In the cartoon, I don't remember him getting much of a spotlight. Unlike the last Transformers cartoon the starting Autobots had a pretty large cast, so lots of characters were extra soldiers filling in the background. So Sideswipe and his brother were pretty much filler. Wait. What? Did I just say brother?
My niece is staying with us for a few days. So my wife and I decided to take her to Disney World; or as my wife would correct me, the Magic Kingdom. See, my wife is a Disney fanatic. To her it brings back thoughts of yearly trips down from Chicago with her family. I've lived in the Orlando are most of my life, so when I think of Disney I usually think of long lines, screaming kids, arguing parents, and well you get the idea.
While there we saw the construction walls up for the new Fantasy Land upgrade. Apparently there will be separate areas for all the princesses. Fantasy Land is an overcrowded cluster the way things are now, so I see this as a good thing. My wife, who still yearns for the return of 20,000 Leagues and Mr. Toad, isn't sold on the idea yet. Her reaction got me thinking of the one thing I truly miss at Disney. The one attraction that made me grin from ear to ear, the ExtraTERRORestrial Alien Encounter.
More TERROR after the break..
War for Cybertron comes out at the end of the month. The game looks incredible and I figured I'd use my excitement for the upcoming game to talk about some of the transformers I love. I'm going to do a top 5 countdown of the ones who really stick out from my childhood. So sorry Lockdown, you'll have to wait until I do a more current Transformers list.
My first ever transformers was the Lazerbeak and Frenzy two pack. But my first ever full sized was Thundercracker. It was 1984 so I was 7 or 8 at the time. My cousin Jeff got the black jet, Skywarp and I picked the blue one. Robots that turned into jets, they blew my tiny mind. I still remember running around my aunt's living room try to shoot the missiles into this fancy looking ashtray that was on her table.
I think one of the things that gives geeks a bad name is that nerd rage when one of the properties that we love is brought into another medium. We hold so tightly onto continuity that any changes send comic fans running to forums and screaming how the film adaption raped their childhood. We need to learn to loosen up a little bit. No movie is so bad that it ruins the memory of something you love. It doesn't go into your room and burn all your old comics so that you can't read them anymore.
Jonah Hex is coming out later this month and I'll be there opening weekend. Am I expecting my vision of Jonah Hex? No, the horse mounted Gatling guns and crossbow thingie have proved to me this is a different interpretation then I'm used to. But I'm going to try to be open-minded and see if I can enjoy something from this version.


text:
Q: Construct random variables with given correlation I looked at an old exam and there was a question to construct two random variables $X$ and $Y$, such tha
$$\rho_{X,Y} = \frac{1}{3}$$
and I have no clue how to attempt this problem. I've seen this post, but was thinking if there was an easier way if the random variables doesn't have to be normal-distributed.

A: Take i.i.d. random variables $U,V$ with standard normal distribution and take $X=U, Y=aU+bV$. can you fins $a,b$ such that $\rho_{X,Y} =\frac 1 3$?

A: Guide:
Let $U,V,Y$ be iid random variables with variance $1$.
Then for $X=U+V+Y$ you can find that $\mathsf{Cov}(X,Y)=1$ by using bilinearity of covariance.
Also find $\mathsf{Var}(X)$ and draw conclusions.


text:
Ponies in the Sun
"Dedicated to promoting the presentation, enjoyment and usage of 1964½ to present Ford Mustangs, Shelbys and Mercury Cougars"
Sun Country Mustang And Cougar Club is a car club for Ford Mustangs and Mercury Cougars. We have monthly meetings at Round Table Pizza in Yakima, WA. at 7:00 p.m. on the 4th Tuesday of each month. We do tours, cruse-ins, car shows and other activities to raise money for local charities.
The Sun Country Mustang Club (SCMC), founded September 18, 1991, is a non-profit organization dedicated to promote the preservation, enjoyment and usage of 1964 ½ to present Ford Mustangs, Shelbys and Mercury Cougars.
We are a club for all people. Do not be concerned if your car is not in show condition, most important of all is the enthusiasm and fellowship you gain by meeting folks with a common interest.
A newsletter is published for all members each month including information on club activities, shows and other events of interest throughout the Northwest plus technical tips and automotive trivia. Some of the activities enjoyed by members include tours, car shows, parades, breakfast runs, picnics, delivering Thanksgiving baskets, hauling high school royalty at various events, our Christmas Party, the annual January Banquet and our "Ponies in the Sun" car show every September at Sarg Hubbard Park in Yakima, WA.
February 21, 2023 - Lone Star Ranch House in Ahtanum, 6:00pm
Regular Club Meeting
February 28, 2023 - Regular Club Meeting: - Round Table Pizza - Meeting room opens at 6 pm for dinner, meeting starts at 7 pm.
September 17, 2023 - Annual SCMC Car Show Sarg Hubbard Park, Yakima
Scholarships Awarded to 2 YV Tech Students
Children's Wishes and Dreams
© 2011-2022 Sun Country Mustang Club, Yakima, Washington / The Ford Oval, the Ford Mustang Running Pony, and the Ford Mustang are registered trademarks of the Ford Motor Company.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Da Chi Gan literally means "Big Red Sweetess". Da Chi Gan along with Xiao Chi Gan were both called Chi Gan by the tea farmers of Wuyi Mountain. The only difference between them is that the tender tea leaves unfold or not when they are picked. Tea made of tender leaves already unfolding is called Da Chi Gan. Otherwise called Xiao Chi Gan. Chi Gan (including Da Chi Gan and Xiao Chi Gan) is also often called as Bronze Jun Mei Tea. By the name, you must be able to tell that among the members of Lapsang Souchong, Chi Gan (Bronze Jun Mei) is only second to Golden Jun Mei (Jin Jun Mei) and Silver Jun Mei (Yin Jun Mei).
The Bohea Da Chi Gan is made up of tender tealeaves, harvested from the Guadun, Tongmu Guan, the core producing area of Bohea Lapsang. Somewhat different to the orthodox Lapsang Souchong, the Bohea Da Chi Gan wasn't dried using smoldering pine fire so it is sweet and full-bodied with charming aroma but not so smoky. Once you try it, you will get to know why so many famous people in history fell in love with Bohea teas.


text:
import pytest
import numpy as np
import tensorflow as tf
import tensorflow.keras
import librosa
from kapre import (
    STFT,
    Magnitude,
    Phase,
    Delta,
    InverseSTFT,
    ApplyFilterbank,
    ConcatenateFrequencyMap,
    STFTTflite,
    MagnitudeTflite,
    PhaseTflite,
)
from kapre.composed import (
    get_melspectrogram_layer,
    get_log_frequency_spectrogram_layer,
    get_stft_mag_phase,
    get_perfectly_reconstructing_stft_istft,
    get_stft_magnitude_layer,
    get_frequency_aware_conv2d,
)

from utils import get_audio, save_load_compare, predict_using_tflite

def _num_frame_valid(nsp_src, nsp_win, len_hop):
    """Computes the number of frames with 'valid' setting"""
    return (nsp_src - (nsp_win - len_hop)) // len_hop

def _num_frame_same(nsp_src, len_hop):
    """Computes the number of frames with 'same' setting"""
    return int(np.ceil(float(nsp_src) / len_hop))

def allclose_phase(a, b, atol=1e-3):
    """Testing phase.
    Remember that a small error in complex value may lead to a large phase difference
    if the norm is very small.

    Therefore, it makes more sense to test it on the complex value itself rather than breaking it down to phase.

    """
    np.testing.assert_allclose(np.sin(a), np.sin(b), atol=atol)
    np.testing.assert_allclose(np.cos(a), np.cos(b), atol=atol)

def assert_approx_phase(a, b, atol=1e-2, acceptable_fail_ratio=0.01):
    """Testing approximate phase.
    Tflite phase is approximate, some values will always have a large error
    So makes more sense to count the number that are within tolerance
    """
    count_failed = np.sum(np.abs(a - b) > atol)
    assert (
        count_failed / a.size < acceptable_fail_ratio
    ), "too many inaccuracte phase bins: {} bins out of {} incorrect".format(count_failed, a.size)

def allclose_complex_numbers(a, b, atol=1e-3):
    np.testing.assert_equal(np.shape(a), np.shape(b))
    np.testing.assert_allclose(np.abs(a), np.abs(b), rtol=1e-5, atol=atol)
    np.testing.assert_allclose(np.real(a), np.real(b), rtol=1e-5, atol=atol)
    np.testing.assert_allclose(np.imag(a), np.imag(b), rtol=1e-5, atol=atol)

@pytest.mark.parametrize('n_fft', [1000])
@pytest.mark.parametrize('hop_length', [None, 256])
@pytest.mark.parametrize('n_ch', [1, 2, 6])
@pytest.mark.parametrize('data_format', ['default', 'channels_first', 'channels_last'])
@pytest.mark.parametrize('batch_size', [1, 10])
def test_spectrogram_correctness(n_fft, hop_length, n_ch, data_format, batch_size):
    def _get_stft_model(following_layer=None):
        # compute with kapre
        stft_model = tensorflow.keras.models.Sequential()
        stft_model.add(
            STFT(
                n_fft=n_fft,
                win_length=win_length,
                hop_length=hop_length,
                window_name=None,
                pad_end=False,
                input_data_format=data_format,
                output_data_format=data_format,
                input_shape=input_shape,
                name='stft',
            )
        )
        if following_layer is not None:
            stft_model.add(following_layer)
        return stft_model

    src_mono, batch_src, input_shape = get_audio(
        data_format=data_format, n_ch=n_ch, batch_size=batch_size
    )
    win_length = n_fft  # test with x2
    # compute with librosa
    S_ref = librosa.core.stft(
        src_mono, n_fft=n_fft, hop_length=hop_length, win_length=win_length, center=False
    ).T  # (time, freq)

    S_ref = np.expand_dims(S_ref, axis=2)  # time, freq, ch=1
    S_ref = np.tile(S_ref, [1, 1, n_ch])  # time, freq, ch=n_ch
    if data_format == 'channels_first':
        S_ref = np.transpose(S_ref, (2, 0, 1))  # ch, time, freq

    stft_model = _get_stft_model()

    S_complex = stft_model.predict(batch_src)[0]  # 3d representation
    allclose_complex_numbers(S_ref, S_complex)

    # test Magnitude()
    stft_mag_model = _get_stft_model(Magnitude())
    S = stft_mag_model.predict(batch_src)[0]  # 3d representation
    np.testing.assert_allclose(np.abs(S_ref), S, atol=2e-4)

    # # test Phase()
    stft_phase_model = _get_stft_model(Phase())
    S = stft_phase_model.predict(batch_src)[0]  # 3d representation
    allclose_phase(np.angle(S_complex), S)

@pytest.mark.parametrize('data_format', ['channels_first', 'channels_last'])
@pytest.mark.parametrize('window_name', [None, 'hann_window', 'hamming_window'])
def test_spectrogram_correctness_more(data_format, window_name):
    def _get_stft_model(following_layer=None):
        # compute with kapre
        stft_model = tensorflow.keras.models.Sequential()
        stft_model.add(
            STFT(
                n_fft=n_fft,
                win_length=win_length,
                hop_length=hop_length,
                window_name=window_name,
                pad_end=False,
                input_data_format=data_format,
                output_data_format=data_format,
                input_shape=input_shape,
                name='stft',
            )
        )
        if following_layer is not None:
            stft_model.add(following_layer)
        return stft_model

    n_fft = 512
    hop_length = 256
    n_ch = 2

    src_mono, batch_src, input_shape = get_audio(data_format=data_format, n_ch=n_ch)
    win_length = n_fft  # test with x2
    # compute with librosa
    S_ref = librosa.core.stft(
        src_mono,
        n_fft=n_fft,
        hop_length=hop_length,
        win_length=win_length,
        center=False,
        window=window_name.replace('_window', '') if window_name else 'hann',
    ).T  # (time, freq)

    S_ref = np.expand_dims(S_ref, axis=2)  # time, freq, ch=1
    S_ref = np.tile(S_ref, [1, 1, n_ch])  # time, freq, ch=n_ch
    if data_format == 'channels_first':
        S_ref = np.transpose(S_ref, (2, 0, 1))  # ch, time, freq

    stft_model = _get_stft_model()

    S_complex = stft_model.predict(batch_src)[0]  # 3d representation
    allclose_complex_numbers(S_ref, S_complex)

    # test Magnitude()
    stft_mag_model = _get_stft_model(Magnitude())
    S = stft_mag_model.predict(batch_src)[0]  # 3d representation
    np.testing.assert_allclose(np.abs(S_ref), S, atol=2e-4)

    # # test Phase()
    stft_phase_model = _get_stft_model(Phase())
    S = stft_phase_model.predict(batch_src)[0]  # 3d representation
    allclose_phase(np.angle(S_complex), S)

@pytest.mark.parametrize('n_fft', [512])
@pytest.mark.parametrize('sr', [22050])
@pytest.mark.parametrize('hop_length', [None, 256])
@pytest.mark.parametrize('n_ch', [2])
@pytest.mark.parametrize('data_format', ['default', 'channels_first', 'channels_last'])
@pytest.mark.parametrize('amin', [1e-5, 1e-3])
@pytest.mark.parametrize('dynamic_range', [120.0, 80.0])
@pytest.mark.parametrize('n_mels', [40])
@pytest.mark.parametrize('mel_f_min', [0.0])
@pytest.mark.parametrize('mel_f_max', [8000])
def test_melspectrogram_correctness(
    n_fft, sr, hop_length, n_ch, data_format, amin, dynamic_range, n_mels, mel_f_min, mel_f_max
):
    """Test the correctness of melspectrogram.

    Note that mel filterbank is tested separated

    """

    def _get_melgram_model(return_decibel, amin, dynamic_range, input_shape=None):
        # compute with kapre
        melgram_model = get_melspectrogram_layer(
            n_fft=n_fft,
            sample_rate=sr,
            n_mels=n_mels,
            mel_f_min=mel_f_min,
            mel_f_max=mel_f_max,
            win_length=win_length,
            hop_length=hop_length,
            input_data_format=data_format,
            output_data_format=data_format,
            return_decibel=return_decibel,
            input_shape=input_shape,
            db_amin=amin,
            db_dynamic_range=dynamic_range,
        )
        return melgram_model

    src_mono, batch_src, input_shape = get_audio(data_format=data_format, n_ch=n_ch)

    win_length = n_fft  # test with x2
    # compute with librosa
    S_ref = librosa.feature.melspectrogram(
        src_mono,
        sr=sr,
        n_fft=n_fft,
        hop_length=hop_length,
        win_length=win_length,
        center=False,
        power=1.0,
        n_mels=n_mels,
        fmin=mel_f_min,
        fmax=mel_f_max,
    ).T

    S_ref = np.expand_dims(S_ref, axis=2)  # time, freq, ch=1
    S_ref = np.tile(S_ref, [1, 1, n_ch])  # time, freq, ch=n_ch

    if data_format == 'channels_first':
        S_ref = np.transpose(S_ref, (2, 0, 1))  # ch, time, freq

    # melgram
    melgram_model = _get_melgram_model(
        return_decibel=False, input_shape=input_shape, amin=None, dynamic_range=120.0
    )
    S = melgram_model.predict(batch_src)[0]  # 3d representation
    np.testing.assert_allclose(S_ref, S, atol=1e-4)

    # log melgram
    melgram_model = _get_melgram_model(
        return_decibel=True, input_shape=input_shape, amin=amin, dynamic_range=dynamic_range
    )
    S = melgram_model.predict(batch_src)[0]  # 3d representation
    S_ref_db = librosa.power_to_db(S_ref, ref=1.0, amin=amin, top_db=dynamic_range)

    np.testing.assert_allclose(
        S_ref_db, S, rtol=3e-3
    )  # decibel is evaluated with relative tolerance

@pytest.mark.parametrize('n_fft', [1000])
@pytest.mark.parametrize('hop_length', [None, 256])
@pytest.mark.parametrize('n_ch', [1, 2])
@pytest.mark.parametrize('data_format', ['default', 'channels_first', 'channels_last'])
@pytest.mark.parametrize('batch_size', [1, 2])
@pytest.mark.parametrize('win_length', [1000, 512])
@pytest.mark.parametrize('pad_end', [False, True])
def test_spectrogram_tflite_correctness(
    n_fft, hop_length, n_ch, data_format, batch_size, win_length, pad_end
):
    def _get_stft_model(following_layer=None, tflite_compatible=False):
        # compute with kapre
        stft_model = tensorflow.keras.models.Sequential()
        if tflite_compatible:
            stft_model.add(
                STFTTflite(
                    n_fft=n_fft,
                    win_length=win_length,
                    hop_length=hop_length,
                    window_name=None,
                    pad_end=pad_end,
                    input_data_format=data_format,
                    output_data_format=data_format,
                    input_shape=input_shape,
                    name='stft',
                )
            )
        else:
            stft_model.add(
                STFT(
                    n_fft=n_fft,
                    win_length=win_length,
                    hop_length=hop_length,
                    window_name=None,
                    pad_end=pad_end,
                    input_data_format=data_format,
                    output_data_format=data_format,
                    input_shape=input_shape,
                    name='stft',
                )
            )
        if following_layer is not None:
            stft_model.add(following_layer)
        return stft_model

    src_mono, batch_src, input_shape = get_audio(
        data_format=data_format, n_ch=n_ch, batch_size=batch_size
    )
    # tflite requires a known batch size
    batch_size = batch_src.shape[0]

    stft_model_tflite = _get_stft_model(tflite_compatible=True)
    stft_model = _get_stft_model(tflite_compatible=False)

    # test STFT()
    S_complex_tflite = predict_using_tflite(stft_model_tflite, batch_src)  # predict using tflite
    # (batch, time, freq, chan, re/imag) - convert to complex number:
    S_complex_tflite = tf.complex(
        S_complex_tflite[..., 0], S_complex_tflite[..., 1]
    )  # (batch,time,freq,chan)
    S_complex = stft_model.predict(batch_src)  # predict using tf model
    allclose_complex_numbers(S_complex, S_complex_tflite)

    # test Magnitude()
    stft_mag_model_tflite = _get_stft_model(MagnitudeTflite(), tflite_compatible=True)
    stft_mag_model = _get_stft_model(Magnitude(), tflite_compatible=False)
    S_lite = predict_using_tflite(stft_mag_model_tflite, batch_src)  # predict using tflite
    S = stft_mag_model.predict(batch_src)  # predict using tf model
    np.testing.assert_allclose(S, S_lite, atol=1e-4)

    # # test approx Phase() same for tflite and non-tflite
    stft_approx_phase_model_lite = _get_stft_model(
        PhaseTflite(approx_atan_accuracy=500), tflite_compatible=True
    )
    stft_approx_phase_model = _get_stft_model(
        Phase(approx_atan_accuracy=500), tflite_compatible=False
    )
    S_approx_phase_lite = predict_using_tflite(
        stft_approx_phase_model_lite, batch_src
    )  # predict using tflite
    S_approx_phase = stft_approx_phase_model.predict(
        batch_src, batch_size=batch_size
    )  # predict using tf model
    assert_approx_phase(S_approx_phase_lite, S_approx_phase, atol=1e-2, acceptable_fail_ratio=0.01)

    # # test accuracy of approx Phase()
    stft_phase_model = _get_stft_model(Phase(), tflite_compatible=False)
    S_phase = stft_phase_model.predict(batch_src, batch_size=batch_size)  # predict using tf model
    assert_approx_phase(S_approx_phase_lite, S_phase, atol=1e-2, acceptable_fail_ratio=0.01)

@pytest.mark.parametrize('data_format', ['default', 'channels_first', 'channels_last'])
def test_log_spectrogram_runnable(data_format):
    """test if log spectrogram layer works well"""
    src_mono, batch_src, input_shape = get_audio(data_format=data_format, n_ch=1)
    _ = get_log_frequency_spectrogram_layer(input_shape, return_decibel=True)
    _ = get_log_frequency_spectrogram_layer(input_shape, return_decibel=False)

@pytest.mark.xfail
def test_log_spectrogram_fail():
    """test if log spectrogram layer works well"""
    src_mono, batch_src, input_shape = get_audio(data_format='channels_last', n_ch=1)
    _ = get_log_frequency_spectrogram_layer(input_shape, return_decibel=True, log_n_bins=200)

def test_delta():
    """test delta layer"""
    specgrams = np.array([1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0], dtype=np.float32)
    specgrams = np.reshape(specgrams, (1, -1, 1, 1))  # (b, t, f, ch)
    delta_model = tensorflow.keras.models.Sequential()
    delta_model.add(Delta(win_length=3, input_shape=(4, 1, 1), data_format='channels_last'))

    delta_kapre = delta_model(specgrams)
    delta_ref = np.array([0.5, 1.0, 1.0, 0.5], dtype=np.float32)
    delta_ref = np.reshape(delta_ref, (1, -1, 1, 1))  # (b, t, f, ch)

    np.testing.assert_allclose(delta_kapre, delta_ref)

@pytest.mark.parametrize('data_format', ['default', 'channels_first', 'channels_last'])
def test_mag_phase(data_format):
    n_ch = 1
    n_fft, hop_length, win_length = 512, 256, 512

    src_mono, batch_src, input_shape = get_audio(data_format=data_format, n_ch=n_ch)

    mag_phase_layer = get_stft_mag_phase(
        input_shape=input_shape,
        n_fft=n_fft,
        win_length=win_length,
        hop_length=hop_length,
        input_data_format=data_format,
        output_data_format=data_format,
    )
    model = tensorflow.keras.models.Sequential()
    model.add(mag_phase_layer)
    mag_phase_kapre = model(batch_src)[0]  # a 2d image shape

    ch_axis = 0 if data_format == 'channels_first' else 2  # non-batch
    mag_phase_ref = np.stack(
        librosa.magphase(
            librosa.stft(
                src_mono,
                n_fft=n_fft,
                hop_length=hop_length,
                win_length=win_length,
                center=False,
            ).T
        ),
        axis=ch_axis,
    )
    np.testing.assert_equal(mag_phase_kapre.shape, mag_phase_ref.shape)
    # magnitude test
    np.testing.assert_allclose(
        np.take(
            mag_phase_kapre,
            [
                0,
            ],
            axis=ch_axis,
        ),
        np.take(
            mag_phase_ref,
            [
                0,
            ],
            axis=ch_axis,
        ),
        atol=2e-4,
    )
    # phase test - todo - yeah..

@pytest.mark.parametrize('waveform_data_format', ['default', 'channels_first', 'channels_last'])
@pytest.mark.parametrize('stft_data_format', ['default', 'channels_first', 'channels_last'])
@pytest.mark.parametrize('hop_ratio', [0.5, 0.25, 0.125])
def test_perfectly_reconstructing_stft_istft(waveform_data_format, stft_data_format, hop_ratio):
    n_ch = 1
    src_mono, batch_src, input_shape = get_audio(data_format=waveform_data_format, n_ch=n_ch)
    time_axis = 1 if waveform_data_format == 'channels_first' else 0  # non-batch!
    len_src = input_shape[time_axis]

    n_fft = 2048
    hop_length = int(2048 * hop_ratio)
    n_added_frames = int(1 / hop_ratio) - 1

    stft, istft = get_perfectly_reconstructing_stft_istft(
        stft_input_shape=input_shape,
        n_fft=n_fft,
        hop_length=hop_length,
        waveform_data_format=waveform_data_format,
        stft_data_format=stft_data_format,
    )
    # Test - [STFT -> ISTFT]
    model = tf.keras.models.Sequential([stft, istft])

    recon_waveform = model(batch_src)

    # trim off the pad_begin part
    len_pad_begin = n_fft - hop_length
    if waveform_data_format == 'channels_first':
        recon_waveform = recon_waveform[:, :, len_pad_begin : len_pad_begin + len_src]
    else:
        recon_waveform = recon_waveform[:, len_pad_begin : len_pad_begin + len_src, :]

    np.testing.assert_allclose(batch_src, recon_waveform, atol=1e-5)

    # Test - [ISTFT -> STFT]
    S = librosa.stft(src_mono, n_fft=n_fft, hop_length=hop_length).T.astype(
        np.complex64
    )  # (time, freq)

    ch_axis = 1 if stft_data_format == 'channels_first' else 3  # batch shape
    S = np.expand_dims(S, (0, ch_axis))
    model = tf.keras.models.Sequential([istft, stft])
    recon_S = model(S)

    # trim off the frames coming from zero-pad result
    n = n_added_frames
    n_added_frames += n
    if stft_data_format == 'channels_first':
        if n != 0:
            S = S[:, :, n:-n, :]
        recon_S = recon_S[:, :, n_added_frames:-n_added_frames, :]
    else:
        if n != 0:
            S = S[:, n:-n, :, :]
        recon_S = recon_S[:, n_added_frames:-n_added_frames, :, :]

    np.testing.assert_equal(S.shape, recon_S.shape)
    allclose_complex_numbers(S, recon_S)

@pytest.mark.parametrize('save_format', ['tf', 'h5'])
def test_save_load(save_format):
    """test saving/loading of models that has stft, melspectorgrma, and log frequency."""

    src_mono, batch_src, input_shape = get_audio(data_format='channels_last', n_ch=1)
    # test STFT save/load
    save_load_compare(
        STFT(input_shape=input_shape, pad_begin=True),
        batch_src,
        allclose_complex_numbers,
        save_format,
        STFT,
    )

    # test ConcatenateFrequencyMap
    specs_batch = np.random.randn(2, 3, 5, 4).astype(np.float32)
    save_load_compare(
        ConcatenateFrequencyMap(input_shape=specs_batch.shape[1:]),
        specs_batch,
        np.testing.assert_allclose,
        save_format,
        ConcatenateFrequencyMap,
    )

    if save_format == 'tf':
        # test melspectrogram save/load
        save_load_compare(
            get_melspectrogram_layer(input_shape=input_shape, return_decibel=True),
            batch_src,
            np.testing.assert_allclose,
            save_format,
        )
        # test log frequency spectrogram save/load
        save_load_compare(
            get_log_frequency_spectrogram_layer(input_shape=input_shape, return_decibel=True),
            batch_src,
            np.testing.assert_allclose,
            save_format,
        )
        # test stft_mag_phase
        save_load_compare(
            get_stft_mag_phase(input_shape=input_shape, return_decibel=True),
            batch_src,
            np.testing.assert_allclose,
            save_format,
        )
        # test stft mag
        save_load_compare(
            get_stft_magnitude_layer(input_shape=input_shape),
            batch_src,
            np.testing.assert_allclose,
            save_format,
        )

@pytest.mark.parametrize('data_format', ['default', 'channels_first', 'channels_last'])
def test_concatenate_frequency_map(data_format):
    shape = (4, 10, 5, 3)

    time_axis, freq_axis, ch_axis = (
        (1, 2, 3) if data_format == 'channels_last' else (2, 3, 1)
    )  # todo - replace it with CH_LAST_STR
    batch_size, n_freq, n_time, n_ch = shape[0], shape[freq_axis], shape[time_axis], shape[ch_axis]

    x = tf.random.normal(shape, dtype=tf.float32)
    concat_freq_map = ConcatenateFrequencyMap(data_format=data_format)
    x_concat = concat_freq_map(x).numpy()

    # test shape
    new_shape = list(shape)
    new_shape[ch_axis] += 1
    np.testing.assert_equal(tuple(new_shape), x_concat.shape)
    # test freq map
    freq_map = x_concat[0, 0, :, -1] if data_format == 'channels_last' else x_concat[0, -1, 0, :]
    np.testing.assert_allclose(freq_map, np.linspace(0, 1, num=n_freq))
    # test original input
    other_channels = (
        x_concat[:, :, :, :-1] if data_format == 'channels_last' else x_concat[:, :-1, :, :]
    )
    np.testing.assert_equal(x, other_channels)

@pytest.mark.parametrize('data_format', ['default', 'channels_first', 'channels_last'])
def test_get_frequency_aware_conv2d(data_format):
    shape = (4, 10, 5, 3)
    x = tf.random.normal(shape, dtype=tf.float32)

    freq_aware_conv2d = get_frequency_aware_conv2d(
        data_format, 'freq_aware_conv2d', 4, (3, 3), strides=(2, 2)
    )
    if (
        data_format != 'channels_first'
    ):  # because on cpu, channel_first conv doesn't work in typical tensorflow.
        _ = freq_aware_conv2d(x)

@pytest.mark.xfail()
@pytest.mark.parametrize('layer', [STFT, InverseSTFT])
def test_wrong_input_data_format(layer):
    _ = layer(input_data_format='weird_string')

@pytest.mark.xfail()
@pytest.mark.parametrize('layer', [STFT, InverseSTFT])
def test_wrong_input_data_format(layer):
    _ = layer(output_data_format='weird_string')

@pytest.mark.xfail()
@pytest.mark.parametrize('layer', [Delta, ApplyFilterbank])
def test_wrong_data_format(layer):
    _ = layer(data_format='weird_string')

if __name__ == '__main__':
    pytest.main([__file__])

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: PHP preg_match until double line break I have this data in a mysql field:
First text text text text
 text text text text
 text text text text text text
 text text text text text text

Second text text text text
 text text text text
 text text text text text text
 text text text text text text

I'm trying to preg match from the first word until the double line break. I've tried:
preg_match('/First(.*)\n\n/', $mysqlrow, $m);

This returns no rows. I've also tried the m and s modifiers, which don't return the proper string. I've also tried \r\n which doesn't return anything.
How do you do this

A: You need the s modifier and you also need to change your wildcard quantifier to be non-greedy:
preg_match('/First(.*?)\n\n/s', $mysqlrow, $m);

The s option will cause the . wildcard to match \n and the non-greedy will cause the * wildcard to not eat up all the \n\n it runs across before matching \n\n.
You can also optionally match the \r just in case you have that in your database:
preg_match('/First(.*?)\r?\n\r?\n/s', $mysqlrow, $m);

A: It's the other flag you need. Flag "s" allow the dot to capture line break. But it will then be eating your double '\n'.
You can try :
preg_match('/First(.*?)\n\n/s', $mysqlrow, $m);

with the ? inverting the greedy behaviour. Note that spliting a string can be done with the split function which might be more suitable for your case.

A: I had a problem with preg_match() not matching on multi-line strings despite the flags like "s", with different pattern however. Turned out that my regular expression had too long character set inside [] with many unnecessary escape sequences (\). After simplification it started working.


In today's culture, we know that no one wants to wait; not 5 minutes from now and definitely not for my deepest desire. But I want a baby Now!
How do I wait within my hurts, longings, feelings of desperation, loss and frustration to be able to see an end?


This tutorial uses the HTML and CSS to change the default mouse icon. The auto parameter is added to the icon as a backup which will be the default icon.
The Inkscape document properties were set to 50px wide by 50px high. The text tool was used to create a text icon. The image was saved as an SVG file, but Inkscape allows saving as PNG files.
The SVG file was imported into Gimp. The text tool can be used to create a text icon. The image was saved as an GIF file because it was the smallest size.
The CSS used in an internal style sheet inside the head tags. The cursor is display using the url to specific the icon location.
Run the HTML-Cursor-Icon.html file in your favourite browser.
Mouse over the coloured box to see the new mouse cursor icon.
A Mouse cursor icon can be created in any graphics editor. A vector file was created in Inkscape and a bitmap copy was optimized in Gimp. CSS used url to load the new icon.
Keep the icon sizes small.
Optimize images to make them smaller and web-friendly.
Use auto to utilize the default icon as a fallback method.
This entry was posted on Wednesday, November 16th, 2011 at 12:00 am	and is filed under Tips & Tricks. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site.


text:
Seeking Out Art in Las Vegas
Usually, when you want to see artwork in a city, you head to the nearest museum. Las Vegas is definitely not an ordinary travel destination and that goes for their art, too. Though you can visit their museums, you don't have to if you're hoping to look at some fantastic artwork of all kinds. The city has a special relationship with local artists and showcase them everywhere they can. It's great, because they bring the art to you instead of the other way around. Everywhere you look, you'll find a mural, sculpture, painting or something equally cool.
You can head to the casinos on the Strip to see traditional artwork, like they have at the Cosmopolitan, Caesar's Italian sculptures, or pay money to see famous art from masters like Monet and Dali at Bellagio Art Museum. Of course you can just wander around outside as well.
street art on the Linq Promenade
the amazing ceiling inside The Venetian
From the Linq Promenade to the new Park at Las Vegas in between New York New York and the Monte Carlo, there's street art and more to view absolutely free. Each night you can watch artists bring their art to life while they interact with visitors. Feel free to go up and ask them about their piece or themselves while they are creating fabulous works right in front of your eyes.
One of my favorite ways to see art is downtown. The streets are lined with vintage Vegas casino signs that have been revamped and made like new so you can enjoy them again. See even more if you book a tour of the Neon Museum, where old Vegas signs go to retire. Many have been repaired, but many still have been left in their broken down state, waiting for their turn. You'll learn the history behind almost all of them.
artwork and water wall at The Park LV
more art panels at The Park LV
If you've never been downtown on a trip to Vegas, it's really coming into its own and becoming a the place to be. From Fremont Street to the Container Park, there's literally something for everyone. I recommend hitting up the Mob Museum when you're there, because it's awesome and definitely the best and most productive way to beat the heat.
love locks installation outside the Container Park
You'll find a ton of great art in and around the container park and up and down Fremont Street and the surrounding areas. Look down while you're walking around, because you're likely to see gold plaques that give you a little history of what happened on that spot in the early days of Vegas.
And don't forget to look up, because you'll see some fantastic art on buildings everywhere. I love the colorful koi, but I also was enamored with this artwork that took up two sides of an otherwise boring building. Do these people sleep in the desert or is their bed a wild place? Also, what are the umbrellas for? To keep the sun out or to replicate a ceiling of some sort? So much to think about. I love it.
Even when you're not strictly in town, make sure you keep your eyes open. On the highway behind the Strip is full of wonderful art, like these metal bighorn sheep (?), as well as metal horses. There are desert animals painted on overpasses and critters peeking over walls.
Even if you've been to Vegas, you have never seen it all. The city is always changing and evolving to keep up with what visitors want and to keep frequent guests and locals from getting bored. Unfortunately, some of your favorites may disappear, but then you'll find a new favorite fairly quickly. If you want to see more pics of my trips to Vegas, including food and fun activities, follow me on Instagram.
What's your favorite way to sneak in some culture on your Las Vegas trip?
See More with the Las Vegas Explorer Pass
Why TSA PreCheck is THE BEST
How to Make Friends when Traveling Solo
Super Useful Travel Posts
Montana in Pictures
Exploring Glacier National Park
Kids Can Enjoy Vegas Too
Kalispell's Culture and History


Omar Aqil is a talented designer and 3D artist from Pakistan. One of his recent projects consists of interpreting Pablo Picasso's artworks and recreating them in 3D.
The result was titled MIMIC, a contemporary look at six Picasso artworks that allow the designer to observe how abstract figues behave in three dimension and how it changes our perception of the artworks.


It renewed my interest in getting an electric golf cart for going around La Manz - I can see myself setting it up as a mobile plein air painting studio. Does anyone have connections with any of the golf courses in the area? I dont need the latest model - just something that runs reliably.


With its proximity to Southern and New England states, Pennsylvania has many influences in the criminal justice industry. This can pose challenges to the state's policymakers and researchers, as they must take into account the residents' unique needs and experiences. With a PhD criminology or criminal justice, you may become an industry expert who can address these issues.
If you are passionate about criminal justice and you're ready to take on more responsibility, learn more about your options by contacting criminal justice PhD Pennsylvania programs below.
What Can I Do With My PhD in Criminal Justice in Pennsylvania?
While many states have adopted the Clean Slate Initiative, Pennsylvania is a step ahead of every other state in the country (Think Progress, 2016). Pennsylvania is the very first state to automate the process, giving offenders a chance at a new life and supporting those who do not have the financial or legal resources to fight something on their record.
You may also use your education to influence change in the corrections system. Pennsylvania prisons have started the process of reforming solitary confinement, due to being under investigation by the US Justice Department (ACLU, 2018).
One of the benefits of a PhD is the fact that it may put you in line for more influential positions. Between 2012 and 2022, demand for Pennsylvania judges is expected to remain stable, and the state may see a 9% increase in criminal justice professor jobs (O*Net, 2016). Currently, judges in this state report an average salary of $63,610 per year and criminal justice professors earn an average of $65,190 per year (Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2016).
What Will It Take to Earn My Criminal Justice Graduate Degree in Pennsylvania?
Before you narrow down your list of the criminal justice schools PA offers, make sure you know exactly what you want for the future of your career. A PhD can be used to further a career in administration and management, legislation and policymaking, or research and teaching. However, if you are interested in management and attend a research-based school, you may be doing yourself a disservice.
Find out what each school's specialty is and consider meeting with professors to make sure a program is a good fit.
Even if you don't plan on going into research, keep in mind that a PhD is a research-based degree. As a result, you'll spend at least some of your time conducting research, analyzing studies, and learning how to apply research to work situations.
You should experience considerable professional and personal growth throughout your 70 to 80 credits of doctoral training. By the time you graduate, you should be experienced in different aspects of scholarship, teaching methods in criminal justice, the usage of research evidence in this industry, and legislative priorities.
You may be able to start your PhD whether you have a Master's degree or just a Bachelor's degree. In total, the post-Bachelor's commitment is between 70 and 80 credits, which may drop to 40 to 50 credits if you already have a Master's degree. PhD students typically have access to special funding opportunities.
By working as a teaching or research assistant, you may get discounted or free tuition and a monthly living stipend. As an added bonus, you get experience in some of the real work environments that you may work in with a doctorate degree.
Education is almost always the key to a new career path. Find out what you can accomplish at this level by contacting criminal justice PhD programs in Pennsylvania.


text:
Home>Browse>Books>Health & fitness>Health/Fitness>The Birth Partner's Quick Reference Guide and Planner
The Birth Partner's Quick Reference Guide and Planner
Essential Labor and Childbirth Information for a New Mother's Partner and Helpers
Price / COM_VIRTUEMART_UNIT_SYMBOL_:
The Birth Partners Quick Reference Guide and Planner offers concise and authoritative guidance for spouses, relatives, and others-including doulas and other professionals-helping a woman thorough labor, birth, and the first weeks with baby. Includes Australian and New Zealand references and organisations.
For spouses, partners, relatives, and friends-and also for doulas and other care professionals-this is a convenient and indispensable abridged version of the classic bestseller The Birth Partner, for facts on the fly during the ultra-busy period before, during, and after labor and birth. An added planner keeps your plans and to-dos in one place. Generations of spouses and partners have relied on Penny Simkins warm and wise guidance in caring for the new mother, from the last trimester through the early postpartum period. Her book The Birth Partner is the definitive guide to helping a woman through labor and birth. This new book, The Birth Partners Quick Reference Guide and Planner, is a shorter version of the original, for time-pressed parents and partners. For those who have the original book, it adds a planner component, for hospital or at-home birth plans and for other essential to-dos. It is full of reliable and up-to-date information on:
• Preparing for labor and for the new baby • Ways to help a woman through each stage of labor and birth • Pain-relief measures, including epidurals and medications as well as natural techniques • Ways to induce or speed up labor • Cesarean birth and complications that may require it • Breastfeeding and newborn care • and much more
For the partner who wishes to be truly helpful in the birthing room, this is the essential book to have on hand.
More books by this author
Penny Simkin, PT, is a physical therapist, childbirth educator, doula, and birth counselor. She is nationally recognized as a premier authority on childbirth, having helped 9,000 expecting women and birth partners in childbirth and attended hundreds of couples though the birth process. Simkin is a prolific author and serves on more than 10 different consultant and editorial boards, including the journal Birth: Issues in Perinatal Care, The International Childbirth Education Association, and The Seattle Midwifery School, where she also provides training for doulas and lectures to students. She has written myriad books, journal, and magazine articles. Simkin is also co-founder of DONA International (formerly Doulas of North America) and The Pacific Association for Labor Support. In addition to providing childbirth education, birth counseling, and labor support, Simkin travels extensively throughout the country, lecturing and presenting at conferences and workshops. For more information, please visit Simkin's website at pennysimkin.com.
Category: Health/Fitness
Publisher: Quarto US
Imprint: Harvard Common Press
Pub Date: January 2020
Format: Paperback - B format
Subject: Family & health


JERUSALEM, Dec. 2 (Xinhua) -- China and Israel discussed boosting cooperation in fields including trade, technology and e-commerce in a recent official meeting in Jerusalem, a source from China's Ministry of Commerce said on Friday night.
The third round of negotiation on China-Israel Free Trade Area (FTA), led by Wang Shouwen, China's vice commerce minister, and Roey Fisher, Israel's deputy minister of economy and industry, concluded on Thursday.
The meeting also covered issues including customs procedures, as well as sanitary and phytosanitary measures.
In March 2016, Chinese Vice Premier Liu Yandong and Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu jointly announced the starting of China-Israel FTA negotiation.
China and Israel have seen an increase in bilateral trade and a substantial progress in economic ties in recent years.
China is now the biggest trade partner of Israel in Asia and the third largest worldwide. In 2016, the bilateral trade stood at a total of 11.36 billion U.S. dollars.


N-Block in Jaitpur is located in South Delhi, near the Badarpur area, behind ASP Senior Secondary School.
The population is around 1,000, of which around 450 are children. Most of the men from this community work as tailors, vegetable vendors, peons in offices or daily-wage labourers. Women in the area make handicrafts at home or work as daily-wage earners in silayi centres.
Water supply is provided by the government through tankers. Every house has a toilet. The area has two community toilets. The locality also has a functional drainage system.
Magic Bus started operations in N-Block, Jaitpur, in April 2014. The programme covers 100 children of which 50 are girls. Radhika, 23, is the Training and Monitoring officer in charge of the community. She is assisted by a 21-year-old Youth Mentor, Karuna.
A Football Tournament was organised for children on May 24, 2014.
16-year-old Meenakshi is undergoing a training to become a Community Youth Leader (CYL) in her community.
Each leader has her story. Meenakshi had one too.
She began attending Magic Bus sessions exactly a year ago. In the first few sessions, she got the reputation of being abusive. Divya, the Youth Mentor, spoke to her about her behaviour. It took several sessions before she stopped using foul language with her peers.
"A year ago I couldn't imagine myself to be a leader. I barely had any friends. Now, I think I have it in me to be a leader", Meenakshi signs off.
Given to the low economic status of residents in this community, most of the parents were reluctant to send their children to school. The Youth Mentors are making consistent efforts to motivate children in the sessions to attend school regularly. A parents' meeting was held in May 2014 where parents were counselled about the importance of education and good health.
Presently, rapport building exercises are conducted every week in the community.
Magic Bus' work in this community is made possible with the support of our donor, Standard Chartered.


Practical Mermaid Pictures To Colour Me By Resiove On DeviantART Digi S Stamps I Want is one of best wallpaper image reference about coloring pages. This wallpaper has been created for kids, toddler and kindergarten. Practical Mermaid Pictures To Colour Me By Resiove On DeviantART Digi S Stamps I Want was posted in December 5, 2018 at 10:24 pm and has viewed by 79 users. Practical Mermaid Pictures To Colour Me By Resiove On DeviantART Digi S Stamps I Want reference also have Tag ;Practical Mermaid Pictures To Colour Me By Resiove On DeviantART Digi S Stamps I Want, mermaid pictures to color, mermaid pictures to color and print, mermaid pictures to color for kids, mermaid pictures to color free, mermaid pictures to colour, mermaid pictures to colour and print, mermaid pictures to colour for free, mermaid princess pictures to colour, for your convenience in searching this reference more specific.
Practical Mermaid Pictures To Colour Me By Resiove On DeviantART Digi S Stamps I Want is one of best coloring pages on my sites, this coloring pages has been collect with brilliant ideas combined with the best keyword suggestion for the best searching on the internet, would be something helping if you apply for your kids. Practical Mermaid Pictures To Colour Me By Resiove On DeviantART Digi S Stamps I Want just one of the many reference that we have, you can find other reference such as Animal, Cartoon, Fun, Nature, Sports, Flowers and etc.


text:
Van Hollen Blasts Effort to Move USDA Research Agencies
Will Offer Legislation to Block Relocation as an Amendment to NDAA Bill This Week Today U.S. Senator Chris Van Hollen issued the following statement on the U.S. Department of Agriculture's (USDA) announcement that they plan to move their research agencies to the Kansas City region. Senator Van Hollen has introduced legislation to block the move of the National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) and the Economic Research Service (ERS) out of the National Capital Region, and he has put a … Continue Reading
Van Hollen, Duckworth, Introduce Legislation to Protect Infants from Deadly "Crib Bumpers"
23 infants died between 2006 and 2012 from suffocation because of these products Today, U.S. Senators Chris Van Hollen (D-MD) and Tammy Duckworth (D-IL), along with Senators Richard Blumenthal (D-CT), Sherrod Brown (D-OH), Dick Durbin (D-IL) and Ben Cardin (D-MD), introduced legislation to protect infant lives by banning the sale of crib bumpers in the United States. The Safe Cribs Act (S. 1816) would also make it unlawful to manufacture and import crib bumpers, which are marketed as … Continue Reading
Van Hollen, Cardin Introduce Resolution Honoring the University of Maryland Women's Lacrosse Team's Unprecedented 14th National Championship
Senators spotlight Tewaaraton Award recipient Megan Taylor, first goalie ever to be named country's top collegiate player U.S. Senators Chris Van Hollen and Ben Cardin (both D-Md.) today announced the passage of a Senate Resolution they authored to celebrate the unprecedented accomplishments of the University of Maryland Women's Lacrosse Team, which recently secured its 14th NCAA national championship. Behind Coach Cathy Reese, the UMD Women's Lacrosse team compiled a record of 22-1 in … Continue Reading
Van Hollen, Senators to CFPB: Data Critical to Ensuring Housing Access for All Americans
U.S. Senator Chris Van Hollen (D-MD) along with several of his Senate colleagues are demanding the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) rescind its proposal to further reduce reporting under the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act (HMDA). In opposition to the proposal, the Senators wrote, "We are extremely concerned that the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau has once again put the interests the financial industry above those of the consumers it is charged to protect. We urge you to … Continue Reading
Van Hollen, Raskin Lead Introduction of Handgun Purchaser Licensing Act
Today U.S. Senator Chris Van Hollen and Congressman Jamie Raskin (both D-Md.) announced the introduction of the Handgun Purchaser Licensing Act, along with Senators Richard Blumenthal and Chris Murphy and Congresswoman Jahana Hayes (all D-Conn.). The bill creates a federal grant program to incentivize state and local governments to enact laws requiring individuals to obtain a license before purchasing a handgun - which have been statistically proven to be effective in reducing firearm … Continue Reading
Van Hollen Urges FCC Not to Harm Local TV
Today, U.S. Senator Chris Van Hollen (D-Md.) wrote a letter to the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Chairman Ajit Pai, urging the FCC not to implement regulations that could hurt local public channels. Public, Educational, and Government (PEG) channels support transparency by airing community meetings and local shows. As media becomes more consolidated on a national and global scale, the estimated 3,000 PEG channels in America offer a unique perspective to their local communities. In … Continue Reading
Van Hollen, Bipartisan Group of Senators Support Hong Kong Protestors
Today, U.S. Senator Chris Van Hollen (D-Maryland) along with Senators Tom Cotton (R-Arkansas), Mitt Romney (R-Utah), Jeanne Shaheen (D-New Hampshire), Marsha Blackburn (R-Tennessee), Joe Manchin (D-West Virginia), Ben Sasse (R-Nebraska), Chris Murphy (D-Connecticut), Deb Fischer (R-Nebraska), Angus King (I-Maine), Marco Rubio (R-Florida), and Jim Inhofe (R-Oklahoma) released the following statement of support for the millions of citizens protesting the Chinese Communist Party in Hong Kong: … Continue Reading
Van Hollen, Senate Democrats Introduce Resolution Recognizing June as LGBTQ Pride Month
Today, U.S. Senator Chris Van Hollen (D-MD), joined 46 Senate Democrats in introducing a Senate resolution recognizing June as LGBTQ Pride Month. The resolution highlights the contributions LGBTQ individuals have made to American society, notes several major milestones in the fight for equal treatment of LGBTQ Americans, and resolves to continue efforts to achieve full equality for LGBTQ individuals. The resolution was co-sponsored by 46 Senate Democrats, including Sens. Sherrod Brown … Continue Reading
Van Hollen, Kennedy Urge USTR to Include Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act in China Trade Negotiations
Today, U.S. Senators Chris Van Hollen (D-Md.) and John Kennedy (R-La.) wrote to U.S. Trade Representative (USTR) Robert Lighthizer asking him to include the substance of their legislation, the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act, in the ongoing trade negotiations with China. The bill would address a long-standing issue with regard to China's non-compliance with U.S. financial regulators by requiring foreign companies registered in the United States to meet Public Accounting Oversight … Continue Reading
Van Hollen, Duckworth, Blumenthal, Brown, Harris, Klobuchar, Sanders & Warren Demand McDonald's Improve Sexual Harassment Policies at Locations Across the Country
Today, U.S. Senator Chris Van Hollen (D-MD), along with Senators Tammy Duckworth (D-IL), Richard Blumenthal (D-CT), Sherrod Brown (D-OH), Kamala Harris (D-CA), Amy Klobuchar (D-MN), Bernie Sanders (I-VT) and Elizabeth Warren (D-MA) called on McDonald's to improve its protections against sexual harassment at locations across the country and do more to address allegations of workplace harassment, abuse and retaliation suffered by McDonald's workers. In a letter to McDonald's CEO Steve … Continue Reading
Van Hollen, Cardin Raise Concerns about Immigration Backlogs
Today U.S. Senators Chris Van Hollen and Ben Cardin (both D-Md.) wrote to U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) Acting Director Ken Cuccinelli to ask a series of detailed questions about the ongoing delays being faced by people in Maryland and across the country. "The processing delays, particularly as it pertains to family-based immigration petitions and employment authorization documents, are alarming and impose an undue burden on applicants, their families, and community … Continue Reading
Van Hollen, Cardin Announce over $5.5 Million for Easton Airport Runway Extension
U.S. Senators Chris Van Hollen and Ben Cardin (both D-Md.) have announced $5.55 million in federal funding for the Easton Airport (Easton/Newman Field) through the Department of Transportation (DOT) and the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). This grant will fund the first phase, including land acquisition, of a project to shift and extend one of the airport's runways to meet demand. Funding will be administered through Talbot County, which has been working toward this extension for nearly … Continue Reading
Today, U.S. Senator Chris Van Hollen released new travel ban statistics from the U.S. Department of State, which were made available because of the provision he authored requiring the State Department to provide detailed information on this de facto Muslim ban. The data, which spans from December 2017 to March 2019, reflects approximately 5.1 percent of subject applicants having been issued a visa pursuant to the waiver process. That's even lower than the 6 percent they had previously … Continue Reading
U.S. Department of Commerce Invests to Boost Workforce Training Opportunities in Baltimore, Maryland Opportunity Zone
Today, U.S. Senators Chris Van Hollen and Ben Cardin (both D-Md.) along with Congressman Elijah E. Cummings and Secretary of Commerce Wilbur Ross announced that the Department's Economic Development Administration (EDA) is investing $1.6 million in City Life Community Builders of Baltimore, Maryland, to support the reuse of the Hoen Lithograph Complex as a workforce training center. The project will be matched with $1.1 million in local funds and is expected to create more than 100 jobs and … Continue Reading
Van Hollen, Colleagues Call on Trump Administration to Protect Consumers from Abusive Debt Collection Tactics
New CFPB rule gives debt collectors green light to inundate consumers with unlimited text messages, emails Following passage of legislation cracking down on annoying and unwanted robocalls, U.S. Senator Chris Van Hollen (D-Md.) joined a group of his Sneatecolleagues in calling on Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) Director Kathy Kraninger to reverse a proposed rule that would, for the first time, allow debt collection companies to send unlimited texts and emails to consumers. Just … Continue Reading
Van Hollen, Cardin Announce $5 Million for the Greater Cumberland Airport
U.S. Senators Chris Van Hollen and Ben Cardin (both D-Md.) have announced $5 million in federal funding for the Greater Cumberland Airport from the Department of Transportation (DOT). This funding will go towards repairing and maintaining the structural integrity of the airports' runways and helping the airport meet other operational needs. "The Greater Cumberland Airport serves as an important resource to the community and is vital to maintaining a strong local economy," said Senator Van … Continue Reading
Van Hollen, Cardin Announce $3.9 Million for the St. Mary's Regional Airport
U.S. Senators Chris Van Hollen and Ben Cardin (both D-Md.) have announced $3.9 million in federal funding for the St. Mary's County Regional Airport from the Department of Transportation (DOT). These funds will go towards extending one of the airport's runways and helping the airport meet other operational needs. "The St. Mary's Regional Airport is an important local hub that connects the area to businesses and travelers within the region," said Senator Van Hollen, member of the Senate … Continue Reading
Van Hollen, Brown, Senate Democrats Urge Fed Investigate Deutsche Bank's Relationship with Trump and Kushner
Today U.S. Senators Chris Van Hollen (D-Md.) and Sherrod Brown (D-Ohio), ranking member of the Senate Banking Committee, led a letter with Democrats on the Committee asking the Federal Reserve to investigate Deutsche Bank's relationship with President Trump and Jared Kushner, following reports that Bank officials ignored suspicious activities on accounts associated with the two men. Senators Jack Reed (D-R.I.), Robert Menendez (D-N.J.), Elizabeth Warren (D-Mass.), Catherine Cortez Masto … Continue Reading
Van Hollen, Cardin, and Trone Announce Over $637,000 National Science Foundation Grant to Frederick Community College STEM Scholars
Today, U.S. Chris Van Hollen and Senators Ben Cardin, as well as U.S. Congressman David Trone (all D-Md.), announced $637,097 in funding over five years from the National Science Foundation to the Frederick Community Scholars STEM program. The program will start in the fall of 2020 and will offer students who demonstrate academic talent and financial need, including students from underrepresented groups, the resources and support needed to pursue a degree in STEM disciplines and a … Continue Reading
Van Hollen, Cardin, Feinstein, Kaine Urge Senate to Pass Protections for TPS Recipients and Dreamers
Following House passage of the American Dream and Promise Act, which would provide important protections to Dreamers and Temporary Protected Status (TPS) recipients, U.S. Senators Chris Van Hollen (D-Md.), Ben Cardin (D-Md.), Dianne Feinstein (D-Calif.), and Tim Kaine (D-Va.) are calling on the Senate to follow suit. The Senators have introduced the Safe Environment from Countries Under Repression and in Emergency (SECURE) Act, which would allow qualified TPS and Deferred Enforced Departure … Continue Reading


Battelle Memorial Institute is the world's largest independent research and development organization, working to advance scientific discovery and application. They hired me to create a logo to showcase their coastal management programs. I played with some ideas, then thought… how about humans and fish co-existing, with equal weight? In a yin/yang symbol?
This was great to work on, because working for environmental causes, saving animals, nature, and health have always been very important for me.


text:
Les Dalberg sont une maison noble d'Allemagne.

La maison des Dalberg est issue de la noblesse allemande, mentionnée pour la première fois en 1208 avec le poste de trésorier de l'évêque de Worms. La famille Dalberg évoluait depuis des générations dans les plus hautes sphères aristocratiques du Saint-Empire romain germanique.

Le trois armes des Dalberg:

Possessions

Ils s'établissent à la rive gauche du Rhin à Worms, où ils occupent le Château de Worms-Herrnsheim à Herrnsheim, qui sera leur siège principal jusqu'en 1833. Ils ont aussi acquis les terres environ des Kreuznach et sont alliés à de nombreuses familles.

L'hôtel de Dalberg (Dalberger Hof) est le nom de trois des résidences (Älterer Hof, Jüngerer Hof et Dalberg-Hammelburger Hof) des Freiherren von Dalberg à Mayence

Personnages illustres

  (1426–1476), ministre d'État, chambellan ;
 Jean de Dalberg (1455–1503), fils du précédent, évêque de Worms et chancelier de l'université de Heidelberg ;
 Wolfgang von Dalberg (1538–1601), fils du précédent, archevêque de Mayence, électeur ;
  (1678-1737), prince-abbé de Fulda de 1726 à 1737 ;
 Charles-Théodore de Dalberg (1744-1817) ;
  ( - Mayence †  - Francfort), sœur du précédent, baronne von Dalberg, mariée, le  à Mayence, avec Franz Georg ( - Coblence †  - Blieskastel), Reichsgraf von der Leyen ;
 Wolfgang Heribert von Dalberg (1750-1806), frère des précédents, directeur du théâtre national de Mannheim ;
 Johann Friedrich Hugo, Freiherr von Dalberg, chanoine, auteur et compositeur, frère des précédents ;
 Emmerich Joseph de Dalberg (1773-1833), fils de Wolfgang Heribert von Dalberg, ministre plénipotentiaire de Napoléon Bonaparte.

Parenté

 Lien de parenté entre les familles Dalberg, von der Leyen, de Tascher de La Pagerie, et d'Acton :

Liens externes

Dalberg

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Profile is configuration set of name, directories, options, authentication, exclusions and filter. Profiles are saved in local database. You can create multiple profiles for Your every need and switch easily between them.
The following sections will help You to learn all the features available for profile.


text:
Gastro Health signs with Florida practice
Carly Behm - Wednesday, November 17th, 2021 Print	| Email
Gastro Health signed a definitive agreement to partner with North Miami, Fla.-based Digestive Care Center, the medical group said Nov. 17 in a news release shared with Becker's.
Digestive Care Center was founded by Eduardo Kofman, MD, in Texas in 1997, and he moved the practice to North Miami in 2008. The deal with Gastro Health is expected to close Dec. 1.
"I evaluated options for the future of my practice and saw the value in partnering with a proven leader in the GI space," Dr. Kofman said in the release. "The Gastro Health partnership gives my team access to technology and support tools to improve our workflows and ultimately, our patients' healthcare experience."
Gastro Health's network spans across Florida, Alabama, Washington, Virginia, Ohio and Maryland.


text:
The World According To Tina Ehrami
This is Radio Teheran
by Tina Ehrami
Radio Zamaneh reaches young people in Iran, from Amsterdam and with the support of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. But what is the state of its promised independent journalism? Zamaneh's self censorship. 'The staff in Amsterdam is professional. But in Iran I work with many amateurs.'
By Janny Groen and Annieke Kranenberg
Volkskrant, 9 October 2007
Director Mehdi Jami of Radio Zamaneh- a digital radio station that makes Persian programs for urban youth in Iran- continuously emphasizes during our conversation in his office in the Amsterdam Linnaeus street that 'we are an Iranian radio station for an Iranian public, not a Western station. We have to consider the sensitivity of our listeners. I don't report news in an explosive way.'
He refers to the controversial visit of the Iranian president Mahmoud Ahmadinejad to Columbia University in New York. The Volkskrant published an article in which it quoted one of the people present at the university with the headline 'Listening to 'Iran's Hitler.' The director of Columbia had described the 'chosen head of state' as a 'brutal dictator.'
'Iran's Hitler', 'dictator', such terms are not used by Radio Zamaneh. Jami's editors are supposed to present the Iranian leader neutrally. So Zamaneh uses terms as 'Mr.Ahmadinejad'. Jami:'The Iranian opposition in the diasporas only wants to hear that only donkeys voted for Ahmadinejad. We would never say that, Zamaneh would never use such offensive language.'
Zamaneh does not report on certain salient parts of Ahmadinejad's speech, such as his statement that 'Iran does not have any homosexuals'. 'Everyone knows that he meant to say that Iran does not have institutionalized homosexuality, no marriages between same sexes', Jami interprets.
It is this prudent approach of Zamaneh that raises anger from critics. During the past weeks the Volkskrant spoke to fifteen Iranian sources from different countries who follow Zamaneh's developments. They criticize the radio station severely. Most of the sources want to remain anonymous because of security reasons.
All of them were enthusiastic about the radio station, in the beginning, when the Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs had subsidized the station with the intention to stimulate the democratization process and human rights by independent journalism. A year after its founding, they conclude that is has not realized any of those goals.
According to many, Zamaneh produces too many innocent cultural programs (about language, music, literature and cosmetics) and in reporting on news it considers the sensitivity and taboo's of the Iranian regime too much. This way it has 'absolutely no added value'. There are already 'neutral' radio stations: The BBC has a Persian section. Also Radio Farda- a part of Radio Free Europe in Prague- is considered by many as objective. (Iranian authorities consider Radio Farda as a radio station run by the opposition, but the station is subsidized by Americans who are proponents of a regime change).
Director Jami wards off all criticism. Zamaneh (new times) is 'unique' according to him, because it has an Iranian management, it offers various opinions and educates 'civil journalists' in Iran with independent journalism. He admits that Zamaneh spends attention to life style, art and literature. 'The ordinary people have had enough of politics'.
They want to listen to subjects that are about themselves. Three decades of activism hasn't brought Iran very far. We have to find new ways, start a dialogue.' This editing line really doesn't bring Iranians very far', says Dariush Madjlesi. The Dutch- Iranian translator left the board of the station because of his discontent with the coarse of the radio station. 'You can't have independent radio with the silent consent of the regime. That way you'd leave too much out.'
He contradicts the remark of the director of Zamaneh, that Iranians in the diasporas only tolerate harsh anti-regime news reporting. 'I am a member of the opposition. But there are enough opposition channels aimed at Iran. I am a proponent of a real independent radio station as a supplement to all that already exists on the media market.'
The one-sided reporting about the committee of Ex-Muslims of Ehsan Jami was the straw that broke the camel's back. The spokesperson for the committee never got the chance to give an interview. 'A real independent radio would have organized a round table meeting, so all different views regarding apostasy could be discussed,' says Madjlessi.
The Dutch-Iranian journalist Manouchehr, who voluntarily worked as a PR officer, was enthusiastic in the beginning about the concept. But he soon enough noticed that Zamaneh submits itself to self censorship. 'That is the worst kind of censorship', he says.' Why was there no news published about the leader of the bus driver's labor union who is imprisoned? Why is there so little written about so many executions? These issues all are about human rights.' Manouchehr has terminated his contribution.
There are Iranian exiles outside of The Netherlands as well who are annoyed by the 'waste of tax money by The Netherlands', says Ramin Parham, a dissident who lives in Paris. Parham, who is a member of the opposition platform Solidarity Iran and writes opinion articles for Le Figaro, studied the website of Zamaneh thoroughly. He concludes that the channel is 'doing everything except practicing independent journalism'. According to Parham Zamaneh is propagating the ideology of the 'religious reformists' of Ahmadinejad's predecessor Mohammad Khatami.
Hassan Daioleslam, an Iranian exile in the USA sends e-mails to the Volkskrant that a research regarding the political direction of Radio Zamaneh is 'extremely necessary'. He discovered a 'suspicious logo' on the website of Radio Zamaneh. The logo belongs to NIAC. This is a lobby of the Iranian regime in the USA, according to Daioleslam. During the past two years he and two other independent journalists in Iran performed research about this lobby. The link of NIAC with Zamaneh would mean that the radio station leans too close to the regime.
The active weblogger Amir Farshad Ebrahimi from Berlin complains as well about the course of Zamaneh. Ebrahimi, who was imprisoned in Iran for four years because of unwelcome journalism, works for Amnesty International and for the Japanese research institute for the Middle East 'MO Frontier 21'. Ebrahimi says that Zamaneh 'only publishes what would have been possible to write in Iran as well. Zamaneh uses perhaps even more prudent journalism than in Iran'.He mentions radio Javan as an example, which is a radio station for the youth, that reports more about NGO's and the Iranian women's movement than Zamaneh.
In the past Ebrahimi was closely involved in the religious regime himself. As a 13- year old he fought in the Iran-Iraq war. He was active for the Hezbollah until he became aware of the 'vile and violent practices' of the party. He videotaped certain things and was arrested. He was later defended by the world famous human rights attorney and Nobel prize winner Shirin Ebadi. Amnesty International honored him with a reward because of his shown courage.
This political refugee follows the Iranian media daily and gives a series of examples of this 'self censorship' of Zamaneh. At Zamaneh they do not speak of 'criminals' who are executed or hung, as the Iranian regime does. But the radio uses the 'indigestible neutral term' of people who are killed. Zamaneh does not dig into the identities of the people, as to show how many of them were political prisoners.
Student's at the Amir Kabir University in Tehran are uprising and on hunger strike for months because of their fellow student Meysan Lotfi, who was hung. 'Zamaneh spends very little attention to this. Interviews with the mothers of the students, for example, are not being done.' Are not such interviews too dangerous for journalists to do in Iran? 'You could also call them from Amsterdam. Radio Farda did indeed interview the mothers.'
Ebrahimi's weblog was rejected by Zamaneh. 'He said that my blog was too political. Deh-Namaki, who still has close contacts with the Hezbollah, is political as well. His weblog on the other hand is accepted by Zamaneh.' Jami denies to have rejected his weblog. He does admit that he once refused an interview of Ebrahimi with Zamaneh. That was because of two of Ebrahimi's statements, that could not be verified', he explains. Jami's journalistic vision is that even in a closed country as in Iran editors should stick to the facts. 'Everything should be able to be checked at known sources. I work according to an American system, as if the Iranian regime is able to take me to court.'
With this working method he reaches the core of the criticism on Zamaneh. Jami's critics say that he fails to look behind the official facts, where exactly a great deal of the truth rests. According to Jami, young Iranians who contribute from their living rooms, should be protected. 'The staff in Amsterdam is professional. But in Iran I work with amateurs. They don't know how to go around dangerous situations.'
'This way you don't get anything above the surface', says Ebrahimi.'In Iran independent news can never be performed without risks. As an independent journalist in Iran you work on a mine field.' He paraphrases an Iranian poem about butterflies. The king of the butterflies gave his subjects the assignment to report on fire. The first butterfly reported that there was light., the second said that it was hot, the third burned his wings and the fourth never returned. According to the king the fourth butterfly had brought the best news. Ebrahimi: 'Zamaneh is like a butterfly that only says that the fire is hot.'
Short before the Christmas break of 2004 the Dutch Parliament unanimously accepted an initiative of Groen Links (The Green Party) Parliament member of Iranian origin Farah Karimi and the VVD (Liberal Democrat Party) parliament member Hans van Baalen to invest 15 million euros in the launch of a television satellite channel aimed at Iran. The channel would work with Iranian refugee editors and would have to open an office in Tehran. The minister of foreign affairs of that moment Ben Bot crossed this plan in May 2005. Bot thought that the opening of an office in Tehran would be unrealistic and did not want to jeopardize relations with Iran. He proposed to share the amount of 15 million among several projects that would improve free press in Iran.
Eventually eleven projects, among which Zamaneh was one of them, received the funds. For the radio station that was launched in September 2006 there is an amount of 2,8 million euros invested until the end of 2007. Improving human rights and democratization remains one of the main objectives in the new financial year at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Stimulating media diversity in Iran is on the agenda again this year.
Zamaneh's critics insist on an independent inspection on the content of the programs. They say that Zamaneh does not comply with its objectives and ignores the wishes of listeners in Iran. Director Jami on the other hand says that the amount of visitors are rising. In August 2007 the news section scored 120 thousand unique visitors (70% of which from Iran).
Zamaneh's critics are not impressed. Iran has about 7.5 million surfers on the internet, after Israel the highest user density in the Middle East. The country is, except for China, the biggest censor on the world wide web. But Iranian bloggers are very crafted at breaking through filters and blocked websites. There is a vivid circuit of active bloggers. The weblogs on the Zamaneh website, they say, are mostly from members or proponents of the Mosharekat, Khatami's party. Almost none of other political groups.
Press Now, an institute that supports free press around the world, inspects the content of Zamaneh. 'A Dutch-Iranian woman follows the program incidentally' says director Wilco de Jong. According to De Jong, Zamaneh does raise attention to democracy and human rights. He points out to the 'politicized Iranian diasporas who are envious among each other.'
Translated by Tina Ehrami
Recently by Tina Ehrami
War propaganda, Obama style!
Balance of deterrence, or a catastrophe?
more from Tina Ehrami
XERXES ! Are these your own words or not?
by Majid on Fri Oct 12, 2007 04:59 PM PDT
Did you leave this comment on another issue or not?
"Don't you wish you were as free as we are here in Iran. We are more democratic than we get credit for."
"As free as we are HERE in Iran" ? and then you mention all TV and Radio stations and web sites world wide !
If you're in Iran ! how do you have access to all those filtered sites and TVs and Radios? and if you're abroad ! why pretending that you're there in Iran?Are you trying to fool someone?or you can't make up your mind?
Yo XerXes
by innocent bystander (not verified) on Fri Oct 12, 2007 01:33 PM PDT
I've seen you both around here. Majid is a little senstive but you can't doubt his sincerity. You on the other hand are a hypocritical jackass. You talk about things you obviously know nothing about. You're the worst of the worst... a hypocrite and a fake.
Yo Majid Marker
by XerXes (not verified) on Fri Oct 12, 2007 01:02 PM PDT
Listen dummy, first of all what does it matter to you where I am writing from? What the hell is the matter with you? What did I say that bothers you so much to want to attack? If you are fan of the medias that I have mentioned in my comment below, be proud and say that I like for example Stupid TV's such as Markazi TV. Then tell us what it is that you like about it so we can learn something. You must be from LA or LA mentality has rotten your brain that can't freaking say something beside attacking people!!! I might disagree with everything you say and tell you why, what do you defend yourself like? Always cursing and saying shit things...Man some people are just dumb.
XERXES ! are you another..........?
by Majid on Fri Oct 12, 2007 12:16 AM PDT
Iranian.com is FILTERED in IRAN !
It means : you're not there !!
Get a LIFE looser! Or you're another haj***gha ????????????????
Zamaneh's Suede Neutrality
by Observer_360 (not verified) on Thu Oct 11, 2007 06:24 PM PDT
Most radio and TV outlets today are noise generating and noise transmitting machines. Their core mission is to propagate enough noise so that the information that really matters in peoples' lives, even if it is
transmitted, is jammed, buried deeply in the noise,and rendered indiscernible.
Listenning to radio zamaneh (or reading their web site), it wont take you long to realize that radio zamaneh, like some other Iranain (and non-Iranian, for that matter) media outlets, is no exception.
Under the pretext of "neutrality," it muddies the waters and transmits enough noise to neutralize what really matters and what really needs to be covered and reported regarding the complex web of issues Iran and Iranians are facing today.
Iranian-European community is full of Mojahedin supporters
by An Iranian in the USA (not verified) on Thu Oct 11, 2007 03:47 PM PDT
Tina, keep up your great job of putting out anti-Iran propaganda.
Those Mojahedin who didn't join the Rajavis in Iraq and who didn't fight on Iraq's side against Iran live in the Netherlands, Germany, and France in large numbers. These are the same people who organize the demonstrations against Iran and who put out propaganda to the anti-Iran Western media. At the next demonstration, these Mojahedin "freedom fighters" should bring pictures of Massood Rajavi shaking hands with his former patron, Saddam Hussein (his current masters are the U.S. and Israeli governments and all the other "liberal" and "left-wing" European politicians who meet with the NCRI, i.e. the Mojahedin's political front organization). Here are a couple nice pics:
//photobucket.com/albums/f53/midtowng/Rajavi_...
//www.iran-interlink.org/userfiles/Image/mass...
//www.irandidban.com/photo/meeting3.jpg
Beware of Stupidity
by Daryush on Thu Oct 11, 2007 01:20 PM PDT
First don't have shit to say then don't comment. Second don't have balls to publish your name, then put another name (Dariush (not verified))????? Third read the freaking comment and talk about the issue rather than worring about my identity. Fourth you eyeranian-americans are just hopeless.
Beware of Daryush
by Dariush (not verified) on Thu Oct 11, 2007 12:03 PM PDT
Daryush haman Ebrahim Nabavi ast.
Radio Khatamite lite
by Fred (not verified) on Thu Oct 11, 2007 10:11 AM PDT
Radio Zamaneh is following in the footsteps of Radio Farda prior to Farda's awakening. Farda at one time was referred to as radio Khatami for its not too hidden support of the Islamist "Reformist" which turned out to be an eight year delaying action, a charade. Now is Zamaneh's turn to give that nonsense an air of legitimacy, fat chance.
Radio Zamaneh+Niac=I.R.
by cyrus the great (not verified) on Thu Oct 11, 2007 09:41 AM PDT
Need I say more. And the founder of this website blindly supports them.
Critics of Radio Zamaneh?
by XerXes (not verified) on Thu Oct 11, 2007 08:04 AM PDT
When I read "critics of radio Zamaneh" and what they were actually criticizing I thought hmm, they must be the loyal Channel One from LA watchers. Because those LA radio (What's that AM one?) and TV's are all so free and say it the way it is. Radio Zamaneh really "Shooresho dar ovordeh" that doesn't stand up like Channel one, Markazi TV, 670 AM KIRN, Apadana TV, Azadi TV,Pars TV, Tapesh TV, Melli TV. You guys in LA are funny. Just take a look at all the junk media above and you pick on Radio Zamaneh?
Just funny.
I agree with Radio Zamaneh
by Daryush on Thu Oct 11, 2007 07:56 AM PDT
I think you are better off watching and listening to your normal Western Media that trys to demonize Iran. So what the hell is your point. I think what radio Zamaneh is doing is right, gets the IMPORTANT news and headlines out and stays out of TELLING YOU what you should be hearing. When you say censor, do you mean that radio Zamaneh doesn't tell you the news? If you really looking to see censorship, why are you searching in little radio Zamaneh, why don't you look at Radio Farda, VOA, Radio Israel, Radio BBC, that are full of shit and SELECTIVE news that the critics of radio Zamaneh like to hear. I am sick of LA mentality. I am glad that there was a revolution and all these western wanna be's are where they belong, NOT IRAN. Iran belongs to us Iranians who are here and work hard, not you little no bodies that want to come here and listen to your googoosh and bah bah and chah chah about how great we were 2500 years ago before so and so came and destroy us. Or if right now there was a secular regime we would be so and so. We would be the same or even worse, because of you vatan forushaa that sit in LA and don't have a clue about the Iraian social and political history. Iran during and after the Qajar (Shahanshahi)was the shit that made the people decide to revolt and get out of that hole. Now all you are complaining is that "...The critics are saying that the way didn't Radio Zamaneh say Ahmadinejad talking about homosexuals.." oooh bemiram baraatun khoda. waay khodaa shomaa ro az maa nagireh keh beh maa biyaayn va demokrasi yaad bedeen. baleh khaili mamnoon. Boro baba jamesh kon...


Why should a person consider Christianity?—Because it's more than a social club-it's family!
It was around 9 years ago when my husband and I were first invited into a Christian community. We were in Singapore back then, and I must say that it's an encounter that totally changed our lives.


I have been suffering from low frequency noise,and vibration for years.
Sometimes its noise,sometimes it vibration,sometimes its both.
I need something like earplugs or headsets headphones that block out all sound.
I can be awoken by my pet if there is ever a fire,and the fire alarm is so freaking loud,i would hear it eventually.
Any help advice or guidance will be greatly appreciated.
All are suitable for sleeping, depending on your ability to adapt to them.
but not so good for blocking noise, to those that are best at blocking sound and not so good for comfort.
Order several to try and send back the ones that you don't want- no restocking fee, just pay the shipping.