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Category Archives: Rolling Stones Songs
Rolling Stones covers: Acoustic cover songs – music videos by the songwriters of the Laptop Sessions video blog. Daily music blog with new indie rock acoustic songs.
"Sister Morphine" (Rolling Stones Cover)
Posted on December 18, 2015 by Chris Moore
By Federico Borluzzi:
Acoustic cover of the Rolling Stones' "Sister Morphine," from their 1971 Sticky Fingers album.
** EDITOR'S NOTE: **
As Federico referenced above — and as you can see at the beginning of the video when he holds up the album cover — "Sister Morphine" is a deep track from 1971's Sticky Fingers. The album has received very positive news, so this, along with the fact that "Wild Horses" hails from this record and Federico saw fit to pick from it, has made me believe I should make this my next Rolling Stones purchase.
I hesitate to admit this, but I've never listened to a Rolling Stones album…
Perhaps it's time.
"Sister Morphine" was written by Mick Jagger and Keith Richards along with Marianne Faithfull, who released the track as a B-side in 1969. It apparently took some legal intervention to get Jagger and Richards to include her name in the credits on the album.
Regardless of who had what part in writing it, Federico has brought his A-game as per usual, and has extended the great Laptop Sessions tradition of presenting an acoustic cover song that gets others interested in the original recording.
For now, enjoy his version and hurry back for more new material on the blog this weekend!
Posted in Rolling Stones Songs	| Tagged 1971, acoustic, acoustic cover, borluzzi, faithfull, federico, federico borluzzi, guest sessions, guitar, jagger, keith richards, marianne faithfull, mick jagger, richards, Rolling Stones Songs, sticky fingers	| Leave a reply
"Not Fade Away" (Buddy Holly, Rolling Stones Cover)
Acoustic cover of "Not Fade Away," a song written in 1957 by Buddy Holly and Norman Petty and covered by the Stones in 1964. I had the Rolling Stones' version in my mind while I was covering it. I play my acoustic guitar and my G-tuned harmonica.
For his second Guest Session, Federico has chosen one of the all-time great cover songs. After all, Buddy Holly may have written "Not Fade Away," but the Rolling Stones took it to the next rock'n'roll level as their first single.
A few other artists and bands have covered it since, like Bob Dylan, Tom Petty, and Bruce Springsteen.
Although I enjoy the Rolling Stones version better, there really is an innocence to the Buddy Holly & the Crickets version from 1957. I'm listening to it as I type, and that guitar sound may be simple, but the Fifties band vibe is inimitable.
So thank you, Federico, for bringing your recording of this classic song to the Laptop Sessions acoustic cover song music video blog!
Posted in Buddy Holly Songs, Rolling Stones Songs	| Tagged acoustic, Buddy Holly Songs, cover, cover song, fade away, federico borluzzi, guest sessions, guitar, how to play, laptop sessions, music video, norman petty, not fade away, Rolling Stones Songs	| Leave a reply
"Let's Spend the Night Together" (Rolling Stones Cover)
Posted on October 26, 2011 by Jim Fusco
By Jim Fusco:
Welcome, everyone, to another edition of the Laptop Sessions with me, Jim Fusco! Tonight, I present my first acoustic cover song music video as a member of the YouTube million-view club! Well, I don't know if there actually is such a club for YouTube channels that have over a million unique video views, but if there is, I'm glad to now be a part of it! I honestly believe the second million is going to happen ten times faster than the first and I can only hope that number goes astronomically higher from there! I want to issue a heartfelt THANK YOU to everyone who has supported the Laptop Sessions acoustic cover songs series over the years and I hope you'll stay with me now and in the future!
Let's get to tonight's music video:
Tonight, I bring you a solo acoustic live performance of The Rolling Stones' classic song, "Let's Spend the Night Together". It's such a great song and is by far my favorite tune from the Stones. You know, we haven't done enough Rolling Stones cover songs over the years and this is my first step in rectifying that situation. Honestly, when I look back on the days when we used to do a video every single day, it blows my mind that such immensely popular bands like the Stones weren't covered more often. Now, I'm only doing about 15 to 20 cover song videos a year, so it's a coveted spot. I take a long time to choose the songs I'm going to do, and I hope all of my regular viewers have noticed. I want to choose songs that will have some staying power, but still remain true to my love of obscure (but still great) songs, too.
Today's video, "Let's Spend the Night Together", is famous for a couple of reasons. First, it was a big hit for the Rolling Stones in the mid-60s. I love how the recorded version kind of has a party-like atmosphere. You can tell the focus was on the energy of the song- not making sure every instrument or background vocal was done perfectly. The second reason for it's fame? Well, the Rolling Stones also made a big splash when they came to America to perform on the Ed Sullivan Show. They chose "Let's Spend the Night Together" as the song they'd play for the show. Well, the subject matter was a bit taboo for the time and Ed wanted them to change the lyrics of the song to "Let's spend some time together." I shouldn't even say, "wanted"- it was more like "forced". So, Mick Jagger went along with it, though he did roll his eyes at the camera when singing the line.
I bring "Let's Spend the Night Together" to you with the original lyrics in tact, with my favorite line being, "We can have fun just groovin' around." Let's just say it took me a few takes to get that right, as the word "groovin'" really isn't used anymore and I kept saying what people would normally say nowadays. Anyway, I think this song was perfect for an acoustic cover version- I hope you agree! I'll be back in two weeks with another music video for you and hopefully some more updates to my new album, "Those Around Us". This week, I received the final masters of the music and secured Ben Quesnel to paint another album for me! He painted the "Halfway There" album cover (amazing!), too. See you next time!
Posted in Rolling Stones Songs	| Tagged Jim Fusco Songs, keith richards, let's spend the night together, mick jagger, Rolling Stones Songs, the rolling stones	| Leave a reply
"The Last Time" (Rolling Stones Cover)
Posted on June 4, 2010 by Chris Moore
By Chris Moore:
Well, this just seems like deja vu too soon. Even though I just posted a video on Tuesday, I'm back with not only another all-new acoustic cover song, but also to bring an all-new band to the Laptop Sessions! And, by all-new, I guess I mean old… That's right: for once, Jim's not the only person to dig out a classic from the sixties!
This is my first cover of a Rolling Stones song, "The Last Time." Today being Yom Kippur, I didn't have to go to school, so I decided to sleep late, but record my cover video early. As Jim mentioned in yesterday's post, I had a late meeting on Tuesday, so I went back to my Dylan reserves. Thus, I felt it was about time to bring in a new band. So, I gathered all the necessary items from my room — my Rolling Stones greatest hits CD, my laptop, my iPod, a pick, and of course my acoustic guitar. I sat downstairs and flipped through my iPod selections, reading along on the greatest hits CD. Even though this is an early song, my iPod was on shuffle, so it took me about fifteen tracks before I got to "The Last Time." I immediately felt that this was the Stones song for me — simple, but catchy and right in my vocal range. After all, I don't want to embarrass myself on my first Stones video… I'll save that for a later session!
And I learned a lot about this song that I didn't know before. I've always liked it, but I didn't realize that it was the first single co-written by Mick Jagger and Keith Richards to reach #1 in England. It was only a little less successful in America, reaching #9. Reading through Wikipedia's post about the song, I was interested to learn that the guitar riff (a Brian Jones contribution) running through the song was one of the earliest example of a song with a perpetually repeating riff. Also, some say that the song is based on the traditional gospel song "This May Be The Last Time," recorded in 1955 by the Staple Singers.
My recording of the song was easy to learn and fun to play. I didn't realize it at first, but following Jim's mention of the three-chord song, I realized that this is also a three-chord song. For any of you out there learning the guitar, this would be a great one to try — it's written by the legendary Rolling Stones, it was a top ten hit in both the USA and Britain, and you need only know the chords E, D, and A!!
Now, if I understand correctly, I won't be back until Monday to bring you another new song. That will be Columbus Day, which is ironically another day that I will be off from school. Maybe that's a sign that I owe you loyal viewers and readers of the greatest acoustic cover song and original music blog on the web another all-new band.
Don't be left wondering… Hurry back to find out!
And you shouldn't wait until Monday. After all, you have two in a row to look forward to from Jeff Copperthite, and you can kick off your week with Jim Fusco's Sunday cover song music video…
See you next session!
Posted in Rolling Stones Songs	| Tagged chris moore, last time, Rolling Stones Songs, stones, the last time, the rolling stones	| Leave a reply
This is one of the many archive pages of rock music bands and posts that the Laptop Sessions acoustic cover songs blog covers on a daily basis. Make sure to go through our many categories of cover songs arranged by artist on the left-hand side of the page. Also, read or many music reviews and informative music articles. There's always something new here at the Laptop Sessions including new music, indie music, and songwriters playing original songs, so take a look around and become an instant fan!
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Rod Laver Arena at Melbourne Park was completed in 1988 as part of the original National Tennis Centre complex. The arena is the centrepiece of the Australian Open and plays host to a wide range of sports and entertainment events, from tennis matches to international rock stars and motorbike super-cross. The most dynamic transformation Rod Laver Arena has seen was in March 2007 with the FINA 2007 World Swimming Championships when a 50 metre temporary pool was built on the arena's floor.
Rod Laver Arena has a seating capacity of approximately 15,000 and is located within the famous Melbourne Sports Precint which also includes the Melbourne Cricket Ground, AAMI Park and Hisense Arena. Formerly known as Centre Court at Melbourne Park (originally Flinders Park), the arena was named to honour one of Australia's greatest tennis players of all time. Rod Laver Arena at Melbourne Park was officially named after Rod Laver for his unsurpassed achievements and accomplishments at the Australian Open in January 2000. At the time of its opening in 1988, the venue was one of the most high-tech arena's in the world with a moveable roof - an innovative world first design which is formed by two rolling sections, each spanning the court with arched trusses that gives the Rod Laver Arena its distinctive image. A Plexicushion Tennis court forms the permanent floor structure with protective flooring placed over it to transform the venue from tennis to concert mode. Removable seating at the southern end of the arena converts the venue from a continuous seated bowl for sporting events to a three sided concert venue.
Apart from the Australian Open tennis, over 20 years the venue has seen an extensive range of world class sport and entertainment including music concerts of every style, stage shows such as Jesus Christ Superstar, Carmen and Riverdance, motocross, rodeos, monster trucks, Torville & Dean, childrens shows, wrestling, basketball and netball, Jeff Fenech title defences in 1988 & 1989 and World Championship swimming. Names such as U2, the Rolling Stones, Kylie, Pink, Pavarotti, John Farnham and Billy Joel have all performed in this versatile venue.
The arena was the home of Melbourne Basketball in the 1990's with the Melbourne Tigers and the South-East Melbourne Magic (and then the Victoria Titans) calling the venue home, both attracting big crowds in the glory days of the NBL. The largest Basketball crowd was 15,366 in 1996 to see the local derby between the Magic and Tigers. Rod Laver Arena hosted 287 NBL games including NBL Championship deciders in 1992, 1996, 1997 and 1998, and played host to its last game in April 2000. It has since hosted some netball matches including internationals and a Melbourne Vixens final when Hisense Arena was unavailable. The record attendance for any event was 16,183 for the Justin Timberlake concert on 18th November 2007. Some improvements are being made to the venue as part of the ongoing Melbourne Park redevelopment.
Flinders Street, Richmond and Jolimont train stations are all within walking distance of Rod Laver Arena. Tram services from Flinders Street and Richmond Stations stop outside the venue.


text:
Q: Laravel with return null with datas create by my new form Here my models :
// Specialties Model
class Specialties extends Model
{
  protected $guarded = [];

  protected $table = 'specialties';

  protected $primaryKey = 'id';

  protected $fillable = [
    'name', 'region_id', 'description', 'picture', 'url', 'author', 'code'
  ];

  public function regions()
  {
    return $this->belongsTo('App\Regions', 'id');
  }
}

// Regions Model
class Regions extends Model
{
  protected $table = 'regions';

  protected $primaryKey = 'id';

  public function specialties()
  {
    return $this->hasMany('App\Specialties', 'region_id');
  }
}

// My controller function to add new Specialties
public function store(Request $request, Recaptcha $recaptcha)
{
    $validatedData = $request->validate([
        'name' => 'required|string|max:50',
        'region' => 'required|integer',
        'description' => 'required|string|max:1000',
        'image_file' => 'required|file|mimes:jpeg,jpg,png,gif|max:2048',
        'url' => 'nullable|string|max:2000',
        'author' => 'nullable|string|max:50',
        'recaptcha' => ['required', $recaptcha],
    ]);

    Storage::disk('public')->putFileAs('/img/uploads/specialties', new File($validatedData['image_file']), pathinfo($validatedData['image_file']->getClientOriginalName(), PATHINFO_FILENAME) . time() . '.' . $validatedData['image_file']->getClientOriginalExtension());

    $code = str_slug($validatedData['name'], "-");

    $image_name = pathinfo($validatedData['image_file']->getClientOriginalName(), PATHINFO_FILENAME) . time() . '.' . $validatedData['image_file']->getClientOriginalExtension();

    $specialty = Specialties::create([
        'name' => $validatedData['name'],
        'region_id' => $validatedData['region'],
        'description' => $validatedData['description'],
        'picture' => $image_name,
        'url' => $validatedData['url'],
        'author' => $validatedData['author'],
        'code' => $code
    ]);

    return response(['specialty' => $specialty], 201);
}

// My function with the problem :
public function index()
{
    $actives = Specialties::with('regions')
        ->where('active', 1)
        ->get();
    $inactives = Specialties::with('regions')
        ->where('active', 0)
        ->get();

    return [
        'actives' => $actives,
        'inactives' => $inactives
    ];
}

My problem is that the with('regions') return null in the last function, for example if i create a new specialty "StackOverflow" :
active: 1
author: null
code: "stackoverflow"
created_at: "2020-09-24T16:59:29.000000Z"
description: "blablabla"
id: 18
name: "StackOverflow"
picture: "test600966769.jpg"
region_id: 1
regions: null <- Here the problem
updated_at: "2020-09-24T16:59:50.000000Z"
url: null

Anyone have an idea of the problem ? Thank's !!!

A: answer:
your SpecialtiesModel has wrong regions function,
explanation:
the belongsTo method 2nd parameter should be the foreign key name of current table model, the third parameter is the primary key id name of the reference table
example to your code:
return $this->belongsTo('App\Regions', 'region_id');

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text:
The cap fits: NRL poised to reject player pay demands until next broadcast deal
Written by admin on 05/07/2018 Categories: 苏州美甲美睫培训学校
The NRL is poised to reject a push from the player's union for an immediate increase in the salary cap, with any increases to be put off until the next broadcast rights deal.
While the collective bargaining agreement struck between the governing body and the Rugby League Players' Association doesn't expire until the end of 2017, there is a provision in the deal to "jointly undertake a review of the profitability of the game with a view to ascertaining whether payments and/or allowances can be increased". That process is underway and the RLPA, pointing to the fact the NRL trumpeted a $50 million surplus for the financial year, is agitating for more money for its members.
However, it is understood the NRL will invest any additional funds that flow into the coffers into areas such as club grants and grassroots football.
"There will be different points of view on that but it will be numerically based," NRL CEO Dave Smith said.
"It's a mid-[CBA] review but our cash flows are pretty set for five years. We've got limited ability to significantly grow and you have to take costs into consideration because it is a profit review, not a revenue review.
"It's designed to recognise that if there was a material change we would go through the process. At the end of the process we will come to a determination following the discussion between the two parties, we're not there yet."
The salary cap is $6.55 million and nominally set to increase to $6.8 million for next season and then $7 million for the following. Those levels are a significant increase following the sealing of a record broadcast rights deal.
"You have to think carefully about the balance," Smith said. "The players, quite rightly, negotiated through the RLPA for a significant uplift [in the last CBA] and that's representative of us having the best competition in the world. We should be paying our players well relative to other codes.
"Undoubtedly the players will get more money [as the game grows], of course we'll want to keep up and keep ahead if we can.
"There is no chance whatsoever the players will go backwards, that won't happen. At the same time we need to make sure our clubs are strong, that we are investing in grassroots, that we are investing in our international game, that we're thinking about our Jillaroos. We need to think about every angle and that the game is funding all of those different bits appropriately and taking a medium to long-term view. That's what we've asked Richo [NRL's head of strategy Shane Richardson] to do in terms of his planning and I'm in the middle of a rights deal and lots of other things. It's a balancing act, but there's no sense of anyone going backwards – this is all about positive growth."
Smith also headed off a revolt from clubland when he met with representatives of the 16 clubs in Melbourne on Thursday. There were suggestions the gathering would be a fiery one, with several powerbrokers demanding more money and say in the way the game is administered. However, the gathering was a constructive one, with the chairs and other club representatives leaving the summit united and upbeat.
"It was a solid agenda, good conversation and different points of view," Smith said.
"It was very constructive, some smart people around the table. Not everyone is going to agree on everything, that's a given. There are lots to work on but it was relatively positive and we're happy with how it went [at Origin II] and generally about how the season is going.
"It's not all rosy, there are one or two things we need to resolve … but it was a good conversation that will keep going."
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Do you use a hot water bath for canning your jam?
I haven't done it yet but I think that would work. Is there another method you were thinking of?
I've read you can use them to flavor kombucha….I would bet you could flavor tea with them as well….or just boil in water to make "elderberry tea" :).
Hi there! I see what you are talking about! Perhaps the reader who commented meant to post the comment on this post: https://wholenewmom.com/health-concerns/easy-homemade-elderberry-syrup-low-carb/ Hope that helps!
How would I adjust the liquids when using fresh elderberries? I am not a jam expert, but LOVE your sugar free approach and have 2 ripe bushes in my back yard.
I don't think that you would have to reduce the liquids that much…maybe a little bit if you want to account for the lost volume of the berries. Fresh to dried results in a reduction of about 3/4 in volume. Does that help?
Wow – you are so blessed!! Sorry for the delay in responding–comments vanished off my blog for awhile and I just got them back recently. Trying to catch up!


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Tumor growth and survival are maintained by cellular and molecular mechanisms linked either to aberrant mutations or to normal proteins hijacked by tumors to their advantage. Targeting hallmark proteins and pathways hold the promise to improve efficacy and decrease the toxicity of anticancer treatments. However, even targeted therapies are unlikely to be curative unless their therapeutic efficacy is evaluated under appropriate tumor microenvironment that represents complexity, heterogeneity, feedback mechanisms, and propensity to develop resistance. Our research focus has been on understanding the role of lymphoid tumor microenvironment in B and T cell lymphomas and developing innovating biomaterials-based platform technologies to determine tumor heterogeneity and causes of drug resistance in lymphoma patients. We apply concepts of tissue mechanics, tissue bio-adhesivity, and fluid mechanics integrated with cancer cell biology to engineer platform technologies that enable fundamental discoveries in cancers biology and rational translation of therapeutics. Our recent findings with collaborators at Weill Cornell Medical College, published in Blood, demonstrated the role of integrin signaling in patient-derived T cell lymphoma survival and progression, in vitro and vivo. In a parallel study published in Biomaterials, we have provided evidence that integrins are critical for the growth, clustering, BCR activity, and chemo-resistance of activated B cell-like Diffuse Large B cell lymphoma (ABC-DLBCL), which are among the most chemo-resistant lymphomas. These biological discoveries led to the development of the first 3D lymphoma organoids (hydrogels) that presented lymphoma-specific integrin ligands to ABC-DLBCL and induced enhanced proliferation, cell signaling, and drug-resistant.


text:
St Kitts stands by decision not to invest in LIAT
Published:Friday | September 11, 2015 | 6:26 PMCMC
A LIAT aircraft
Prime Minister of St Kitts-Nevis Dr Timothy Harris is defending his decision not to invest in the cash-strapped regional airline, LIAT, despite a plea from chairman of the LIAT Trade Union Group, Chester Humphreys.
Harris said that the consistent financial problems of the airline, which is owned by the governments of Antigua & Barbuda, Dominica, Barbados, and St Vincent and the Grenadines, do not make it an attractive investment option.
He said that his administration would need to be convinced that investing in LIAT at this time would make sense.
"There are decisions that have to be made with respect to LIAT. What I did say that, at this time, everyone knows that LIAT is a failing proposition and until LIAT can put a convincing plan before this government, this government will not invest in LIAT because LIAT will not waste the public's money," the prime minister said.
But Humphreys, speaking on West Indies News Network in Basseterre, said he was concerned that the importance of intra-regional travel was being ignored by governments who are shying away from investing in LIAT.
"My advice to Prime Minister Harris is to meet with the shareholder governments who understand the situation, make himself aware of the realities of inter- regional air travel and to do the proper thing and join the other four governments...and to put some funds in the capital funds so the airline could be properly capitalised," said Humphrey, who heads the Technical and Allied Workers Union in Grenada.
The union represents a significant number of LIAT employees there, and Humphreys said the recapitalisation would allow the airline "to continue the vital services that it provides".
"Is Dr Harris aware that if LIAT stops travels to St. Kitts-Nevis what would be the impact on the economy," he added.
But the prime minister said that his Team Unity administration is not ignoring the contribution being made to intra-regional travel by the regional airline.
"Do we want LIAT to survive? Of course. Do we think it's making a contribution? Yes. But, it requires more than that because you have to balance the contribution against what is the cost and whether it is a cost that the country can sustain. And LIAT has gotten worse and none of the countries that are shareholder governments, none of them can say they can sustain it," said Harris.
"We are willing to help but it can't be on the same basis."
Earlier this year, St Lucia's Prime Minister Kenny Anthony said he was not prepared to invest in the airline and called on its shareholder governments to bite the bullet and put in place policies that would ensure the financial viability of the Antigua-based carrier.
"This is not a question of governments making sacrifices, it is also a question of LIAT, its employees and its pilots also making sacrifices for the future of LIAT," Anthony told the Caribbean Media Corporation.
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text:
Q: Symfony 4: Using Factories of a Service to instantiate multiple objects I have a class Path that represents a regular path and can do some magic stuff with it. Anytime I want to deal with paths in my app, I want to quickly instantiate a Path object and continue working with it. The Path class has some dependencies and I want to use autowiring / dependency injection.
What I have tried:
I have the class in place as a service and created a factory method, similar to what is described here: https://symfony.com/doc/current/service_container/factories.html. The factory method receives the dependencies as arguments and stores them in private attributes.
I was able to get new instances by simply using a dependency injection wherever I need an instance. No problems with the dependencies here.
Now the problem is that I can only get one instance using dependency injections. Yes, I could clone a "plain" object over an over, but I guess there is a better solution.
Calling the factory method by hand doesn't work because of the dependency injection in there.
The service and controller:
<?
// Service
namespace App\Service;

class Path {
    private $dep;

    public function __construct(DependencyName $dep) {
        $this->dep = $dep;
    }

    public static function factory(DependencyName $dep) {
        $path = new Path($dep);
        return $path;
    }

    // some methods
}

// Controller
namespace App\Controller;

use App\Service\Path;

class SomeController {
    public function generatePaths() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            $paths[] = Path::factory(/* missing dependencies */);
        }
    }

    public function __construct(Path $path) {
        // here I can have one Path without a problem
        // but I need more than one
    }
}

in services.yaml:
App\Service\Path:
        # call the static method
        factory: ['App\Service\Path', 'factory']

More general: how can I create multiple instances of a service that has dependencies, when I use autowiring?
The solution should not be limited to controllers. I need to use this service in other services as well.

A: You can use the shared option in your service definition:

In the service container, all services are shared by default. This
  means that [...] you'll get the same instance. In some cases, you
  might want to always get a new instance.

By doing this (as I understand your Dependency is always the same) you wouldn't need the factory method anymore and could change the definition to:
App\Service\Path:
        class: App\Service\Path
        shared: false

To have more than one instance you can't use injection, so you'll need to implement ServiceSubscriberInterface and register your service so you can retrieve it manually from the container each time you need it while still taking advantage of autowiring.
I won't go into much detail, since there are several options and one might make more sense than others, but once implemented, doing:
$path = $this->get('path_builder'); // Whatever your alias is

Will get you a new instance every time.


text:
The Ojars J. Sovers PhD Memorial AAS Scholarship/Grant Established
Diane Frendak American Astronomical Society (AAS)
Dr. Sovers in his 20s during his postdoc in New York, thoroughly enjoying scientific research. Credit: The Sovers family
Ojars ("Oyars") Juris Sovers spent a lifetime in science, crossing the globe seeking new opportunities and adventures, and gaining colleagues, mentees, and friends along the way. A long-term member of the American Astronomical Society, Dr. Sovers passed away peacefully at his home on Friday, 11 November 2022. The extended Sovers family, friends, and colleagues will celebrate his life at a 21 January memorial service and his legacy by establishing the Ojars J. Sovers PhD Memorial AAS Scholarship/Grant to help fund the Society's Education & Professional Development Mini-Grant Program.
Born in Riga, Latvia, in 1937, Ojars Sovers immigrated to the United States as a young child. Dr. Sovers attended Brooklyn College as an undergraduate and graduated magna cum laude in physics and chemistry. At Princeton, Dr. Sovers earned his PhD in 1962 with his thesis "d-Hybridization and Pi Bonds." After postdoctoral appointments at Oxford and Columbia, Dr. Sovers joined GTE Laboratories in New York and then the Sony Corporation in Tokyo. Back in the states by 1979, Dr. Sovers began work at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory/California Institute of Technology (JPL/Caltech), where he contributed to advancements in Mars exploration and radio astronomy, among other science, until his retirement in 2015. Notable publications include the co-authored "Astrometry of Fundamental Catalogues"¹ and a review paper on VLBI techniques² in Reviews of Modern Physics.
Dr. Sovers during a conference in Japan with wife Zinta, two young JPL VLBI coworkers/mentees, Christopher Jacobs (in dark blue shirt and beard) and Patrick Charlot (holding spoons at table), and several Japanese astronomy colleagues. Credit: The Sovers family
How Dr. Sovers' personal life and attributes intersected with the astronomical community is best summarized by his niece, Liga Bauer Hoy Tyack: "Ojars, in his keen humility, might be indifferent to having public recognition of his work in the field of astronomy. But, as a memorial to Ojars' lifelong efforts and to honor both that and his colleagues and mentees at JPL/Caltech and NASA, former colleagues at Sony Corporation, and members of the International Astronomical Union who worked closely with him, it would be fitting to enhance the existing AAS EPS-Mini Grant Program in memory of Ojars. He was a deep, quiet thinker, tinkerer, and explorer of nature, and was committed to his work in astronomy as much as to his personal life with his wife, Zinta, as well as to his larger family. He was a voracious reader and had a very dry wit. He epitomized all that a post-WWII immigrant child from a war-torn European country could accomplish with persistence, commitment, and intellect."
Ojars Sovers Memorial Celebration of Life
1:00 pm PT, Saturday, 21 January 2023
San Francisco Yacht Club
Belvedere-Tiburon, California
Give to the Ojars J. Sovers PhD Memorial AAS Scholarship / Grant.
Read Dr. Sovers' obituary in the Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society.
Learn more about the Society's EPD Mini-Grant Program, which supports training in inclusive and equitable teaching and mentoring practices, workshops on the best practices for teaching astronomy in formal and informal settings, and career development for the next generation of teachers.
¹Sovers, O. J., and Walter, Hans G. Astrometry of Fundamental Catalogues : The Evolution from Optical to Radio Reference Frames. Springer-Verlag (2000). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-57260-9
²Sovers, O. J., Fanselow, J. L., & Jacobs, C. S. (1998). Astrometry and geodesy with radio interferometry: experiments, models, results. Reviews of Modern Physics, 70(4), 1393–1454. https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.70.1393


The Coterie, Crown Center Shops, Level 1. Inspired by music made famous by The Beatles, Beat Bugs: A Musical Adventure hits the stage. Meet the Beat Bugs – five insect pals who explore the world and pick up life lessons along the way in this new musical, based on the Netflix animated series that incorporates songs of that famous band. Walter, Buzz, Jay, Crick, and Kumi embark on a mission to save Strawberry Fields from being taken over by a stink bug with other plans for it. Some of the songs from the iconic catalogue that appear in the show include "All You Need Is Love," "Come Together," "Yellow Submarine," "Lucy In The Sky With Diamonds," "Strawberry Fields Forever," "Eleanor Rigby," and "With A Little Help From My Friends." Visit thecoterie.org or call 816-474-6552 for showtimes.


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Adonis is taking after his mother, Sophie Brussaux who is a seasoned painter and sculptor. Sophie often shares her artwork with followers on her Instagram page. Her painting style is a little more refined. One of her recent paintings features a portrait of a woman called "Sophia." The artwork was featured at an exhibition in Milan. Isn't she lovely?
Finally posting the finished results of Sophia. I painted the beginning at home and finished the eyes and hair live in Milan for the opening. I was a little stressed, the weather was super hot, I sweated out my blow dry right before the show even started and I'm not so great at interviews  despite that, the show was a success and the exhibition was beautiful. Thank you again @valeg23 @memilanhotel @me_by_melia @stkmilan @radiorooftopmilan for this amazing experience!


Dr. Gazarian earned her Ph.D. in Nursing from the University of Massachusetts Amherst in 2008. She has over 30 years of experience in the care of hospitalized adults.
She has experience as a Co-I on the PROSPECT Study (Promoting Respect and Ongoing Safety through Patient-centeredness, Engagement, Communication and Technology) funded by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. As a Co-I with the PROSPECT study, Dr. Gazarian successfully implemented a patient centered care intervention to improve patient engagement, led a qualitative study exploring how patients and their care-partners define, describe, and experience dignity and respect during hospitalization and was the site PI for a Multicenter survey examining barriers to providing quality end of life care in the ICU.
She has served as the Nursing Program Director for STRIDE (Strategies to Reduce Injuries and Develop Confidence in Elders). In this role, she led nurse falls care managers in implementing a falls prevention intervention as part of a multisite pragmatic trial funded by PCORI. She is a Co-I on a STRIDE ancillary study funded by the Boston Roybal Center exploring the use of motivational interviewing by nurses for falls prevention among older adults.
She has been the PI on two studies exploring Nurse Decision Making in preventing adverse events.
Dr. Gazarian's program of research is focused on preventable hospital harms, and the role of patient engagement, patient self-management, and nurse decision making. She is interested in how the patient experiences hospitalization and serious illness, including loss of dignity and respect as a preventable harm and goals of care conversations. She is an expert in the use of cognitive task analysis and the critical decision method as ways to understand the cognitive requirements of clinical work. Her population of interest is adults and elders in acute and critical care environments. Her research is conducted at the Brigham and Women's Hospital where she holds an appointment as a Nurse Scientist.
Daniel Gundersen is a Senior Research Scientist and Survey Methodologist at the Survey and Data Management Core. In that role, Dr. Gundersen directs the survey design and development on a variety of health services and population health research projects for the Core. This includes designing scientifically sound sampling and data collection protocols, and developing survey instruments using qualitative cognitive testing and quantitative psychometric analyses. He is also experienced in developing and analyzing surveys in the context of mixed methods designs. His research program is focused on developing mobile-optimized data collection methodologies that minimizes measurement error and leverages mobile technology for efficient follow-up of hard to reach populations. He is currently a Multiple-Principal Investigator on an NCI funded R01 project that compares different mobile-based data collection methodologies in a national sample of young adults. His research in this area has been published in the American Journal of Epidemiology.
My research applies quantitative, qualitative, and normative methods to examine questions at the intersection of ethics and health policy, namely: priority setting and fairness in resource allocation. In particular, my research examines three main areas: (1) the impact of public policies on the health of vulnerable populations, (2) the relationship between social networks/social support and health, and (3) healthcare decision-making among vulnerable populations. My research has implications for understanding how social factors affect the development of illness and disability, as well as how they can promote and facilitate recovery and well-being. It also has implications for better understanding medical decision-making among patients, their social networks, and their providers, ultimately informing clinical and policy interventions to enhance the treatment and quality of life among vulnerable patients. Topically, much of my work has been focused on health disparities in kidney disease, transplantation, disease and resilience among older adults and immigrants.
Anna Revette is the Qualitative Research Manager for the Survey and Data Management Core at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute. Dr. Revette received her BA from Siena College, and her MA and PhD in Sociology from Northeastern University. In both independent and collaborative projects, she has designed, developed, and completed qualitative and quantitative research studies focused on a variety of disciplines and methodologies. Dr. Revette is highly proficient in Spanish, and as part of her dissertation project she spent seven months in Bolivia conducting qualitative research utilizing ethnography, focus groups, and interviews. Her research has been funded by the Social Science Research Council and Northeastern University. Findings from her dissertation have been published in Third World Quarterly, and also presented at the American Sociological Association of Development Conferences and the Latin American Studies Association Congresses. Over the last five years Dr. Revette has taught numerous courses in sociology, anthropology, and strategy and international business as a Lecturer at Northeastern and Suffolk Universities.


text:
Israeli rabbi remarks on Palestinians deeply offensive: US
Agence France Presse, 29 Aug 2010
WASHINGTON (AFP) – The United States on Sunday condemned as deeply offensive remarks by an influential Israeli rabbi who said he hoped Palestinian leader Mahmud Abbas would vanish from our world.
We regret and condemn the inflammatory statements by Rabbi Ovadia Yosef, State Department spokesman Philip Crowley said in a statement.
These remarks are not only deeply offensive, but incitement such as this hurts the cause of peace.
Ovadia, who heads a religious party in Israel's ruling coalition, expressed hope in his weekly sermon Saturday that all the nasty people who hate Israel, like Abu Mazen (Abbas), vanish from our world.
"May God strike them down with the plague along with all the nasty Palestinians who persecute Israel", he said.
Crowley pointed out that the remarks did not reflect the view of Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, who is due in Washington this week for direct peace talks with Abbas.
The talks will be the first face-to-face discussions since December 2008, when the Palestinians broke off negotiations over a deadly Israeli offensive against the Gaza Strip.
Chief Palestinian negotiator Saeb Erakat condemned the remarks as an incitement to genocide, and urged the Israeli government to do more about peace and stop spreading hatred.
Netanyahu's office dismissed the comments in a statement that said the government wants peace with the Palestinians.
Yosef's comments do not reflect the views of Benjamin Netanyahu or of his government which seeks a peace settlement with the Palestinians, it said.
According to Shas MP Nissim Zeev, whose party has 11 seats in the 120-member parliament, Yosef was trying to express the wish taken from Jewish holy texts that God would eliminate the enemies of Israel to clear the way for peace.
In the past, Shass' powerful mentor, a Baghdad-born rabbi now in his late 80s, has referred to Arabs and Palestinians as snakes and vipers who were swarming like ants.
He has made similar remarks about non-observant Jews, including former prime minister Ariel Sharon, whom he called cruel and evil for his plan to evict settlers from the Gaza Strip in 2005.
In the late 1980s, however, Yosef came out in support of a territorial compromise with the Palestinians.
Copyright © 2010 Agence France Presse
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Spending time in Balboa Park is a fully enriching experience, with sights and scenes where you can explore, learn and come across unique cultural attractions. Explore multicultural traditions at Centro Cultural de la Raza, a museum dedicated to Chicano, Mexican, Indigenous, and Latino art and culture. With rotating exhibits and performing arts celebrating dance, music and film, visitors are sure to stumble upon some interesting facts. Tour the Arts and Crafts-style museum home of Marston House, a landmark that's listed on the National Register of Historic Places and dates back to 1905. Continue to cultivate your worldview inside the architecturally stunning Mingei International Museum. Here you can explore the ever-changing exhibits of contemporary and ancient folk art across all eras and cultures.
It's best to wear comfortable shoes, as this only scratches the surface of the museums in Balboa Park – before you even reach the San Diego Zoo. See some artsy snapshots in the Museum of Photographic Arts; take the kids to an IMAX® movie and explore all-age science exhibits at the Reuben H. Fleet Science Center; discover science, space and aviation history at the San Diego Air & Space Museum. From the San Diego Hall of Champions Sports Museum housing rare sports memorabilia to the Automotive Museum, there seems to be a spot showcasing special gems for every interest and hobby.
Art lovers won't want to miss the Art Institute, a sprawling 10,000-square-foot art gallery, and the San Diego Museum of Art, the region's oldest and largest fine art museum. You'll dig up fascinating anthropology facts at the San Diego Museum of Man and learn more about the city itself at the San Diego History Museum.


Amid escalating uncertainty around Brexit, as an owner or investor in commercial property you might be asking: should I buy or sell? The answer you might have heard is an inconclusive, 'Yes, No or maybe'. This response is with good reason as we all continue trying to navigate the choppy waters of Brexit, but is no aid to decision-making.
This blog deals with three key questions clients have continued to ask our team of commercial property experts since 2016.
What will happen to the value of properties should a deal be reached (or not)?
Are we at the beginning of a slump in commercial property?
Could Brexit be a golden opportunity to thrive?
Taking each in turn, while it may feel as though this uncertainty has caused demand for commercial properties to fall, the reality is that for some this there has simply been a pause while tenants and owners alike consider the possible pros and cons of the post-Brexit market.
What about commercial property values post-Brexit?
Post-Brexit, difficult times are predicted for all aspects of the economy as the UK shifts away from the EU. There has been speculation that in terms of capital value, there could be a fall of up to 4% over the next two years and valuations of properties may continue to decrease. Yet as long as there are no major shocks, property investment is expected to continue as part of a longer-term trend, encouraging economic growth.
Some commercial property investors are making shorter term, localised property investment decisions in 'hot spots' or areas of regeneration to weather the immediate impact of leaving the EU. For some this could provide breathing space until the economy settles post-Brexit.
Are we heading for a slump in commercial property investment?
You would be forgiven for thinking that chaos resulting from the uncertainty of Brexit has had a detrimental effect on the commercial property sector. However, overseas buyers are piling into London like there is no tomorrow … continuing to support demand. This is due to the drop in value of the pound attracting overseas developers to invest in UK property. This is an encouraging sign of confidence in the long term growth of the UK economy. Investors and speculators are also expected to react to a strengthening pound and its potential to tighten the reins on the property rush.
It is feared that a no-deal for Brexit will cause more problems for the British economy and in turn for the commercial property sector as there will be even more uncertainty as to what will happen than if a deal is accepted. It is claimed by capital economics that the commercial estate valued in the UK are likely to fall by somewhere between 5% and 9% in two years, while the Bank of England claims it could fall by as much as 27% over 5 years. Either way, it is unlikely that we will know the true effect of Brexit until well after it is implemented. Evidence of faith in the UK economy from companies such as Facebook and Google confirming their plans to expand into London should encourage confidence. Also, investment on this scale can act as a magnet for others, stimulating growth and opportunities.
What opportunities does Brexit offer?
Meanwhile other trends in commercial property are likely to continue. The shift away from high street shopping to internet shopping is one which has called the future of retail property into question. However, while this is indicative of a shortfall in demand for retail space, it is catalysing growth for the industrial warehouses sector. By consequence, RICS estimate that rental growth for industrial spaces could reach as high as 35%. This not only demonstrates a positive future for commercial property, but also for investment opportunities that will lead to more growth in post-Brexit Britain.
With regards to Brexit and commercial property, the question remains: should I buy or sell? The answer is to weigh up the market trends, research the type of property and consider the region before taking action.
If you are looking to buy or sell commercial property and would like to discuss your options with a specialist contact Caroline, our Head of Commercial Property.
We offer an initial free, no obligation discussion and if we can help you we can then advise you about the process, cost and how long it might take. Contact our team of commercial property experts by email or phone.


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Piety goes to school
Piety and Intellect: The Aims
and Purposes of Ante-Bellum Theological Education (Scholars Press, 1990, 458 pp.)
Piety and Profession: American Protestant Theological Education, 1870-1970 (Eerdmanns, 2007, 845 pp. $52)
Piety and Plurality: Theological Education since 1960 (Cascade Books, 2014, 406 pp., $45)
I did not expect to read about the rise of the automobile in a history of seminary education. But Glenn Miller's three-volume history of American theological education is full of surprises. A monumental achievement in both quantity and quality, Miller's work is more than an institutional history of American seminaries — it is a history of American Protestantism told through the story of the institutions that train Protestant clergy.
Miller details the history of structures, forms of governance, and professional organizations, but this is only a small part of his sprawling narrative. At every turn, he embeds the story in the broader religious and cultural changes that have taken place in the United States in the past two centuries. Miller leaves no stone unturned to explain how and why American theological education has developed in the way it has, and how it has functioned within the broader structures of American religion and culture. As for the discussion on cars — well, you would be surprised at the number of seminaries that have moved from campuses accessible by rail and streetcar to more automobile-friendly locations far from the nearest train station.
This massive work could easily become unwieldy, and at times, particularly in the second book, it does. Miller admits this in his preface to the last volume (Piety and Plurality, xv), where he writes that the previous volume was "too long for all but the most dedicated reader to complete." The series as a whole will probably be used more often for reference than as a consecutive narrative. But the remarkable thing about Miller's accomplishment is that a clear narrative does emerge from the mass of detail.
The rise of the mainline consensus
The drama has three acts, well-marked by the three volumes. The hero of the story — a tragic hero, as it turns out — is what Miller calls the "professional model" of ministry, whose rise is recounted in immense detail in the second volume, Piety and Profession. This volume, central to the series in more ways than one, begins after the Civil War and covers the next century, culminating in the flourishing of the mainline churches after the Second World War. During this century, the major Protestant denominations moved away from much of their earlier infighting and constructed ecumenical structures that reflected certain common assumptions about the nature of faith and the role of faith in society. The social gospel of the early 20th century provided the intellectual framework for these assumptions. Churches were to be agents of the Kingdom of God by agitating for social change, promoting values of justice and compassion, and providing a wide range of social and educational services themselves. This vision of the Church was most fully embodied, on the local level, in the urban "institutional churches" — large downtown complexes with specialized staffs providing opportunities for worship, fellowship, education, and general social uplift.
Seminaries were an important part of that process. The post–Civil War seminary quickly became an institution defined by professional norms that were, in principle, independent of the specific teachings and practices of particular denominations. Academically, these norms were shaped largely by the intellectual and institutional traditions of the German university, translated into the rather different American context. Culturally, they were shaped by an optimistic vision of the church as the moral arbiter of society. Protestants in what would come to be called the "mainline" denominations expected their clergy to be equipped to give moral guidance to their communities as those communities wrestled with the difficult social problems of modern industrial society.
Gammon Theological Seminary library, 1907
This vision of Protestant religious identity and seminary education came to its fullest flowering during what Miller calls the "religious revival" after the Second World War. He suggests that the increasing enrollments and generally healthy levels of participation in both seminaries and churches may have had demographic and social causes rather than strictly religious ones, but they were experienced by mainliners at the time as the fruition of their longstanding hopes to furnish the nation with moral guidance. The wide name recognition of theologians like Niebuhr and Tillich spoke to a hunger in the broader society for the expertise that religious specialists were thought to provide, and seminaries were the places where such experts gained their qualifications.
In Miller's telling, it all fell apart beginning in the 1960s. The slowing of economic growth in the larger society, including the stagflation of the 1970s, the recession of the '80s, and the more recent recession of 2008, led to an endless series of financial crises for seminaries. Miller is quick to point out that these financial difficulties have been, in fact, the normal state of affairs for most of the history of American theological education, with the postwar boom as the true anomaly. But the '50s and early '60s are recent enough to be remembered as a golden age by many in both church and seminary.
Economic difficulties have been accompanied by social changes that have reduced the role of seminaries in American religion, and of the mainline churches (and perhaps now also of religion in general) in American society. The rise of evangelicalism in the last few decades of the 20th century challenged the supremacy of the mainline (or, in Miller's term, "Mainstream") churches within American Protestantism. These more conservative congregations, descendants mostly of the "fundamentalism" of the early 20th century, have developed their own large and flourishing institutions of theological learning, although they continue to be wracked by conflict over the proper boundaries of evangelical faith. Evangelical institutions are often more innovative in the adoption of technology or programs of distance learning than mainline institutions, in part because as a whole they are "comparatively young institutions with a small capital base" and "fewer expensive investments in buildings and land" (Plurality, 338). The diversity of the American theological education scene has further been enhanced by the integration of Catholic institutions, after Vatican II, into the Association of Theological Schools, and their adoption of programs that largely match those of Protestant institutions, though significant differences remain. Furthermore, Miller reports a trend among mainliners as well as evangelicals toward other, non-seminary ways of training clergy. At the same time, the former dominance of seminaries in the world of religious scholarship has been broken by the emergence of secular religion departments, which now produce the vast majority of scholarship on religious subjects, spurred on by a more urgent "publish or perish" schedule for new faculty than is common in seminaries.
The collapse of consensus
It's easy to see, then, why Miller would name his third volume Piety and Plurality. The "professional model" of ministry that dominated the second volume has, in his view, collapsed as a unified model for seminary education. Miller doesn't think that any real successor has emerged. I find this part of his argument a bit puzzling, because he spends some time on what he calls a "new professional model." The new model differs from the old one in its focus on the formation of people who "think theologically" rather than simply carrying out various professional tasks. This new model emerged in part as the result of a debate in the 1980s about the nature of theological education and just what makes it different from other forms of graduate/ professional education. I don't find that Miller spends enough time on just what distinguishes this "new model" from the old one, but he clearly doesn't believe that it has the widespread acceptance that the old one did. One reason for this may be the greater diversity of the schools that are members of the Association of Theological Schools. Catholic and fundamentalist institutions, which were formerly seen as radically different from mainline seminaries, are now included under the same broad umbrella.
The plurality Miller finds in the past 50 years is theological as well as institutional, even within mainline seminaries themselves. Among mainliners, the "religious revival" of the postwar era was dominated by theological consensus that centered on Emil Brunner, the Niebuhr brothers, and later Karl Barth, but this consensus was soon shattered by the emergence of more radical thinkers like Tillich, Bultmann, and Bonhoeffer.
But even more influential in the development of theological "plurality," according to Miller, was what he calls the "Rights Revolution" that began with the African-American civil rights movement and continued through Hispanic liberation theology and feminism to its most recent embodiment in the gay rights movement. These movements all generated theological work that challenged the status quo, arguing that the perspective of underprivileged people needed to be taken into account as a source for theology. This, as Miller sees it, furthered the trend toward fragmentation and pluralism within mainline theology.
Miller's second and third volumes, then, chart the rise and decline of mainline Protestantism through the story of the theological institutions that train mainline clergy. It is, in many ways, a classic tragedy in which the hero, the "professional model," achieves great things but is in the end undone by its own hubris. The hubris of the "professional model" consisted of ignoring or downplaying the fundamental, irreducible reality of seminary education — that it is designed to train ministers to serve in particular churches with particular traditions and theological commitments. Miller has warm words for the professional model, but he clearly sees its bypassing of theological particularity as finally inadequate.
But to understand both why the post–Civil War professional model seemed so appealing and why it ultimately came apart, we must understand what it replaced. And that is the job of Miller's fascinating first volume, Piety and Intellect, which traces the story from the beginnings of American seminaries in the early 19th century to the Civil War.
Whereas the second and third volumes describe a world of theological education that is recognizable to contemporary readers, the first volume takes us to a more alien world. Of course there are important continuities. Indeed, Miller comments that some of the basic structures of the American Protestant seminary, such as the three-year program, appear to be imitations of what he considers the first true American seminary, Andover. But there are many sharp differences as well. The early seminary faculty often did not specialize — some seminaries had only one faculty member, and even where there were several they often taught more or less the same courses. The first field to be sharply specialized was biblical studies, and the early biblical scholars were largely self-taught. Moses Stuart, professor of Bible at Andover and father of American biblical scholarship, taught himself Hebrew on the job while also acquainting himself with the growing body of technical scholarship being produced in Germany.
Andover Theological Seminary, 1891
The chief goal of the early seminaries, as defined by Miller, was to defend a particular theological perspective valued by a particular community — a denomination or even a faction within a particular denomination. For instance, Andover was founded by adherents of Jonathan Edwards's theology in response to what they regarded as the unorthodoxy of their fellow Congregationalists at Harvard, and to preserve this theological commitment, Andover had a special doctrinal statement, laying out Edwardsean theology in great detail, to which all faculty were expected to subscribe. Princeton Seminary was also founded to preserve a particular theological perspective — Old School Presbyterianism — which it did by inviting faculty and presidents from Scotland to create a colony of Scottish theology in the United States. Most seminaries, however, were not as successful as Princeton. Most in the antebellum period were tiny institutions with perhaps three faculty members.
A constant refrain throughout Miller's three volumes is the phrase "too many seminaries." As Miller sees it, this reflects the broader problem of the fragmentation of 19th-century American Protestantism. Because denominations, in this pre-ecumenical era, made strong and conflicting truth claims and competed against each other actively, they duplicated their efforts and created many weak churches and seminaries rather than a few stronger ones.
It's important to remember that Miller's three-volume history has appeared over the course of a quarter century, and other scholarship has been emerging during this time as well. Miller's first volume, published in 1990, predated by two years Roger Finke and Rodney Stark's groundbreaking The Churching of America, which argued the opposite thesis about religious competition. In this work and in their more general study, Acts of Faith, in 2000, Finke and Stark popularized the idea that competition was good for American religion, resulting in a religious "market" in which every kind of religious inclination had a corresponding church. So Miller sees the 1804 Plan of Union between the Congregationalists and Presbyterians as a praiseworthy development, which promised to eliminate competition between the two denominations but which was unfortunately abandoned. Taking the contrary position, Finke and Stark describe it as a serious mistake that left both denominations weaker. Given how important the "too many seminaries" theme is to Miller's narrative, I wish he had found a way to engage with Finke and Stark's thesis more explicitly (though he does mention their broad theory of "rational choice" favorably in the second volume).
In the antebellum period, then, the primary concern of theological education was to preserve and defend the theology of a particular community. The other half of Miller's title, "Intellect," refers to what Miller describes as the "English" tradition of gentlemanly classical education. Miller argues that this is what early American universities such as Harvard and Yale provided. While these universities did have professors of "divinity" before the formation of Andover in 1807, Miller claims that prospective ministerial students received only the most rudimentary training in theology. For the most part, clergy until the 19th century had been educated as other young gentlemen were educated, through the study (mostly by rote) of the Latin and Greek classics. The early seminaries assumed this classical education as a basis, although this sometimes meant that they had to provide remedial college classes for seminarians.
Miller estimates that only a minority of clergy in the early 19th century had even a college education, with a seminary education rarer yet. These graduates of the early seminaries were elites, usually pastors of large urban churches, college professors or presidents, or seminary professors themselves. Most clergy still received their education through a course of readings, or in rural areas and the more populist traditions simply through a divine call supplemented by whatever reading they had time for.
Miller avoids the easy trope of "anti-intellectualism," arguing that pretty much everyone in the 19th-century American theological scene valued education. The question was whether education was a prerequisite for ordination (which Baptists and some Methodists denied) and whether that education should be received through a liberal arts college, a seminary, or an informal course of readings. Alexander Campbell, for instance, founder of the Disciples of Christ, was a passionate advocate of public schools and of college education, but highly skeptical about the value of technical theological education.
A similar attitude was common among Methodists, which, Miller argues, is why they founded seminaries late and then generally as part of universities. Eventually these Methodist divinity schools, along with the flourishing divinity schools that developed at Harvard and Yale, would become the intellectual powerhouses of 20th-century theological education, with the resources and infrastructure that most freestanding seminaries could never match.
The world of theological education painted by Miller's first volume, then, differs from that of the other two in being far more concerned both with theological particularity and with training resident intellectuals who would raise the cultural tone of a community. Only after the Civil War did technical professional education become the primary purpose of a seminary, and even then it faced competition from "training colleges," particularly the Bible institutes that sprang up in the wake of revivalist movements led by Dwight L. Moody and other evangelists. After the fundamentalist-modernist split of the early 20th century, these institutes were seen as fiery rivals to the more respectable seminaries, though many of them eventually became colleges or seminaries themselves. Yet even the mainline denominations had training institutes, many of them founded specifically to prepare women for the mission field, Christian education, and other particular fields. The professional model has never been the only way that American Protestants have envisioned theological education.
This summary of Miller's work has, by necessity, left much out, particularly in the very meaty second volume. For instance, I might have mentioned Miller's discussion of the persistent efforts of seminaries to integrate students' ministerial activities with their education, most successful in the specific case of clinical pastoral education. Or his fascinating discussion of African American higher education and the way white benefactors shaped (and perhaps distorted) it by contributing to "manual labor" institutes such as Tuskegee rather than seminaries and liberal arts colleges. Or his even-handed account of the fundamentalist-modernist controversy. In the third volume, his moving and fair-minded account of the bitter conflicts within two denominations, the Lutheran Church—Missouri Synod and the Southern Baptist Convention, is especially notable. The footnote in the chapter on the Southern Baptists in which Miller lays out his own perspectives on the conflict, and his broader theological perspective, is one of the most moving passages that I have read in any theological work.
Unfortunately, the series suffers from a high number of typos, which I suspect is the result of the author's need to get this magnum opus to press. On the other hand, the three volumes also contain extremely pithy and memorable writing, and the work as a whole is shot through with dry wit and a humane but fiercely critical wisdom honed by Miller's own involvement in some of the most turbulent events of late–20th-century seminary education.
In the end, Miller leaves us with no pat answers, only the confidence that the future will bring yet more surprises. If there is one lesson to be taken from the series, however, I think it is that the norms most people in theological education have learned to take for granted are historically contingent and that theological education can exist without them. The fundamental tension, however, between intellectual exploration, practical training, and doctrinal faithfulness has been present from the beginning, as has the persistent worry that intellectual activity might compromise the integrity of the faith. These tensions are manifest in the strife that led to the formation of Andover in 1807, in the internecine conflict among Lutherans and Baptists in the late 20th century, and in the deep concern of contemporary mainline seminaries for multiculturalism and social justice as key commitments of Christian faith. There are no easy answers, but Miller has provided us with an excellent starting point for finding the hard answers.
Photos from the Library of Congress
Article from: New Year 2016
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