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CEIADMIN
Reframing Racism Training – November 4-6, 2016
By CEIADMIN | Events | 2 Comments
CEO, Hanif Fazal will be leading the upcoming Reframing Racism workshop, kicking off November 4, 2016! An amazing opportunity to participate alongside a world class facilitator and expert in this work. Learn more about Hanif by reading his bio and blog entry on our website – www.ceipdx.org
Reframing Racism is a transformative workshop designed to increase racial consciousness and develop tools to advance equity and inclusion within our various communities.
Strategic planning sessions
This series consists of a 2.5 day kickoff training and 3 follow-up sessions.
Trainings and follow-up sessions are held in Southwest Portland.
Personal investment of $500.00 includes all necessary materials.
Morning Network – October 26, 2016
By CEIADMIN | Events | No Comments
Learn about CEI and network with other professionals during an informal gathering.
Coffee and light morning snacks available.
Free to public, registration required.
What It Will Take, a Blog Post by CEO Hanif Fazal
By CEIADMIN | Blog | 5 Comments
What It Will Take
-Hanif Fazal, CEO
I was recently facilitating a Racial Equity Institute for educators. During one of our sessions a history teacher reflected, "We continue to subscribe to the false narrative that this country was built by the people and for the people…". Later that night as I reflected on that statement I was reminded of a conversation with another educator and friend who is deeply engaged in racial equity work at her school and within her school district. She was recounting a trip she made to a World War II museum down in the south. As she was describing the exhibits in the museum, I noticed something was missing from her description, so I decided to ask. "How did they depict the Japanese Internment, or did they do anything to acknowledge that aspect of the war?" Her response was one that was unfortunately to be expected: "They left that out."
In so many ways the reflections from both educators describe a question that has been driving my work and our work at the Center for Equity and Inclusion (CEI). How do we find our collective empowerment in a system designed for our oppression? Translated: The history teacher was right. The foundation of this country was never built by all people nor designed to serve all people. No hyperbole here, just being factual. This is the 1878 Carlisle school mission to "Kill the Indian, Save the Child", this is slavery, this is mass lynching, this is the Chinese Exclusion Act, this is the Dred Scott Decision, this is our supreme court constructing whiteness, by literally ruling on who is white and who is not white (Takoa Ozawa v. United States and Bhagat Singh Thind), this is science constructing a racial hierarchy that placed Caucasians on the top, this is the Trail of Tears and the attempted genocide of Native Americans, this is the theft of land from Mexico, this is Jim Crow, this is something that was woven mercilessly into the fabric of our country. A factual examination of history as the history teacher was inferring, makes it easy to see that our country never included non-white communities in it's initial design, in fact many "Americans" went to great social and legal lengths to ensure non-white people couldn't participate in, or help build and maintain our country's, laws, institutions, institution's policies, culture, or cultural norms. As the all too familiar sign stated: "Whites Only."
We as a country continually suggest and want to believe that just because our country's foundation is built on racism and white supremacy, that doesn't necessarily have any impact in today's world. These suggestions continue to be asserted in the face of data that says otherwise-increasing wealth gap disparities (Whites hold 12 times the wealth of African Americans, 10 times that of Latinos), education achievement gaps at almost every measure and mass incarceration disparities that have devastated the African American community and communities of color. The red lining of yesterday has left us segregated geographically and created a net worth gap that seems difficult to recover from; whites right now are living in neighborhoods that are roughly 80% white, the homeownership rate for whites is 71% while for blacks it is 41.9%, Latino's 45.2% and Native Americans 51%. Name the social success indicator and you will most likely find a racial disparity connected to it. Socially we continue to be divided as well; divided by how we feel about our country and divided by how we feel about the institutions that serve and sustain our country. The non-stop issues with Policing are a prime example of this.
My friend and colleague's experience at the museum is quintessential of the way in which this foundation maintains a hold today. Think about this for a second. How do you have a World War II museum and not depict the Japanese Internment? Who made the decision to depict the war and time period in this manner? Do you think the Japanese community was included in the initial design of the museum? What or who informed and supported that decision? Dive deeper, what must the experience be of Japanese Americans, or even the broader Asian community as they walk through that museum? As one teacher of Asian decent stated in a recent training of mine, "our experience is found in a small box, on a single page, in the corner of a history book-if at all". What is the collective and on-going impact of completely marginalizing an entire culture's experience of this country? As people of color in general, who experience this type of marginalization daily, what are we consuming and how is it impacting how we see and experience ourselves, our worth, our place in this society?
Dive even deeper, what must the experience be for white people as they live in a culture that demands of its individuals and institutions that we depict our history and our current state, through a lens of "American Exceptionalism" when this is far from the truth. What is the collective impact of having your story told in a manner that rewrites the attempted genocide of Native Americans as "Manifest Destiny", the massive theft of land from Mexico as a "treaty", that allows for a walk through a World War II museum that ends with a feeling of pride, victory, and patriotism, to have your suburban home and lifestyle be attributed solely to hard work and personal responsibility? To have mass incarceration happening around you but rarely experience what is happening or notice how you are contributing to it. We could go on, and on… How have white people benefitted-actually profited from this current and historical arrangement? How are they participating both consciously and unconsciously in this arrangement every day. AND just as importantly, how has it cost them?
Let me be clear. This is NOT an attempt to ascribe the USA as a horrible country or white US Americans as bad human beings, nor is it an attempt to ascribe non-white folks as complete victims. Rather it is an attempt at questioning our history as it has been taught to us, our present as it has been repackaged and our unconscious participation in it all. It comes from an understanding that until we address the foundation that this country is built on, our past will always be our present.
This of course leads to the inevitable questions: what can anyone really do about this? Where do you even start? We at CEI, along with racial equity leaders across our country and a growing number of people across racial backgrounds, professions, and cultural backgrounds-every day people- are beginning to answer those questions together.
In August, we launched a year long process with 50 educators, who came together to build a common understanding of the foundation of our country which opened the door to the ultimate question we need to be sitting in: "If not this, then what?" This question is positioning teachers and school building leaders to learn how to build in their students — through their classroom environments, curriculum and instruction — a strong sense of cultural identity and an ability to navigate cultures different than their own. It is pushing counselors and support staff to develop accountable but less exclusionary forms of discipline, it is having educators re-think how to engage non-white and white families, and challenging teachers to create not just more culturally relevant but more culturally inclusive curriculum and instruction.
We are working with for- profit, non-profit and philanthropic organizations in moving through a transformative process that challenges them to apply an equity lens onto every aspect of their organizations. This has lead to more inclusive hiring practices, new ways of fundraising, more culturally responsive services, diversified leadership, more equitable grant making processes, and new strategies to market services. It is having them learn language and protocols that assist them in talking about and locating in a productive manner how institutional, cultural, and individual racism is showing up in their organizations. Most importantly it is having them work together to not just dismantle the racism they are now able to locate, but begin building new more inclusive and equitable organizations.
In November we will open our doors to the general public and support every day individuals in unpacking issues of racial equity and integrating this work with their friends, families, and communities. There is so much we can do.
This country may not have been built by the people, for the people, but what if in the next chapter of this country we were able to rebuild a country that IS?
We at the Center for Equity and Inclusion are focused on participating in the rebuilding effort. We believe this is our generation's path to Civil Rights: Supporting a significant shift in our collective consciousness that creates the will, passion, and commitment to developing more just and inclusive institutional policies, cultural narratives, and individual behaviors. We believe that a macro level change will be the result of thousands and thousands of micro changes. In other words, social change will happen in workplaces, families, communities and one on one relationships — in small cells that are constantly expanding. This ultimately means that you, the reader, really matter; that all of us have influence and we must learn how to exercise this influence on behalf of something bigger. It means that moment to moment we get to choose to contribute to a more inclusive state or continue perpetuating the status quo. Our collective choices add up.
This long, hard, grind, that requires on-going challenging conversations and shifting consciousness person by person, organization by organization; is our generations "Long Walk to Freedom", our Peace and Reconciliation process. It is the legacy we leave behind for our children, and the honoring of our fore mothers and fathers. It is our turn to take the necessary steps that lead to a country that is truly free.
CNN Money: Middle class whites live in nicer neighborhoods than blacks Tami Luhby, June 26
Black applicants more than twice as likely as whites to be denied home loans, Zillow, Inc. Feb. 9th, 2015
http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/black-applicants-more-than-twice-as-likely-to-be-denied-home-loans-300032609.html

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The College of Visual Arts, Theatre and Dance collaborated with the Florida State Film School and Jackson Spalding to create a short promotional video highlighting the outstanding work of the College. We would like to extend a warm Thank You to all who participated in this filming. We truly could not have done it without all of your donated time and hard work.


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package io.magentys.cinnamon.webdriver.actions;

/**
 * Indicates an action can be performed with a delay
 */
public interface Delayable {

    /**
     * Indicates an action is to be performed with the given delay
     *
     * @param millis the delay in milliseconds
     * @return the action
     */
    Action withDelayMillis(long millis);
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


The timeless, functional design and the reliable processing quality guarantee sitting comfortable, a long life-length and adapting- possibilities in every environment. Kicca is available with a coated seat and/or back. You choose your favourite version out of our wide fabric-collection. The program is completed with visitors- and seminairy chairs. They are stable, comfortable and stackable.


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Marquis Weeks (born October 2, 1980) is a former American football running back. He was originally signed by the Seattle Seahawks as an undrafted free agent in 2005. He played college football at Virginia

Marquis lettered in high school football and track at Conestoga High School, located in Berwyn, PA.

In the summer of 2014, Weeks was hired to teach as a 5th grade social studies teacher in the Tredyffrin-Easttown School District, the same school district in which he attended high school, Conestoga and went to school at Tredyffrin Easttown Middle School. In 2016, Marquis was hired as the head football coach at Conestoga High School his alma mater.

References

External links

1980 births
Living people
People from Fort Ord, California
American football running backs
Virginia Cavaliers football players
Seattle Seahawks players
Denver Broncos players
Players of American football from California

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


This Chapter is designed to help the home mechanic maintain the Ford Mondeo models for peak performance, economy, safety and long life.
On the following pages are Sections dealing specifically with each item on the maintenance schedule. Visual checks, adjustments, component replacement and other helpful items are included. Refer to the accompanying illustrations of the engine compartment and the underside of the vehicle for the location of various components.


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jferris
jferris added a new Resource in Building Stronger NGO's
Traveling Exhibition Available: "Where Land and Water Meet: The Chesapeake Bay Photography of David W. Harp"
The Chesapeake Bay Maritime Museum is currently scheduling future destinations for the traveling exhibition, Where Land and Water Meet: The Chesapeake Bay Photography of David W. Harp. This exhibition represents 40 years of documentary images by Harp, whose naturalist's eye provides an unparalleled perspective on the interdependence of communities, land, and water. His body of work…
jferris added a new Job in Chesapeake Network
Youth Programs Coordinator, Chesapeake Bay Maritime Museum (St. Michaels, MD)
Youth Programs Coordinator The Chesapeake Bay Maritime Museum (CBMM) is dedicated to preserving and exploring the history, environment, and culture of the entire Chesapeake Bay region, and making this resource available to all. As an educational institution, staff fulfill CBMM's mission, goals, and vision, working individually and collaboratively to encourage the public's access to our…
Museum Educator, Chesapeake Bay Maritime Museum (St. Michaels)
Museum Educator The Chesapeake Bay Maritime Museum (CBMM) is dedicated to preserving and exploring the history, environment, and culture of the entire Chesapeake Bay region, and making this resource available to all. As an educational institution, staff fulfill CBMM's mission, goals, and vision, working individually and collaboratively to encourage the public's access to our collections, programs, and…
jferris added a new Job in Building Stronger NGO's
Building Maintenance Mechanic, Chesapeake Bay Maritime Museum (St. Michaels)
CBMM is looking for a Buildings Maintenance Mechanic to join our hard-working facilities maintenance team. Serving more than 90,000 guests each year, CBMM's 18 acre campus includes 30+ structures, including nine historic buildings, and a members-only marina, all set in a park-like, waterfront setting along the Miles River and St. Michaels' harbor. This is a…
Virtual and In-Person School Age Educators, Chesapeake Bay Maritime Museum (St. Michaels, MD)
At the Chesapeake Bay Maritime Museum, we are dedicated to teaching students about the history and culture of the Chesapeake Bay's communities and environment. Whether at CBMM, in a classroom, or out on the water, our virtual and in-person programs and curriculum units are designed to inspire, challenge, and enlighten students about the Chesapeake's unique…
Lead Custodian, Chesapeake Bay Maritime Museum (St. Michaels)
The Lead Custodian is on the front-line of maintaining CBMM's reputation as a world-class museum facility, and coordinates with multiple departments to keep buildings and exhibitions clean, orderly, and safe for guests and staff. As head of our custodial team, the Lead Custodian will be responsible for the scheduling of staff and inventory and ordering…
Virtual Education Internship (Accessibility-focused)- Chesapeake Bay Maritime Museum (St. Michael's, MD)
Are you passionate about making museums accessible to all? This summer, the Chesapeake Bay Maritime Museum's Education intern will dive into this important work in a project-based virtual summer internship. Weekly stipend provided. https://cbmm.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/2021_Virtual-Education-Internship.pdf?fbclid=IwAR0QECd-_GTzXccMgwNw3ZbBSt6uJN1a6UNNx03IYnf7eNtLLmJ7RtdgfUE
Volunteer & Education Coordinator, Chesapeake Bay Maritime Museum (St. Michaels, MD)
The Volunteer & Education Coordinator organizes and implements CBMM's Volunteer Program, serving as the staff liaison for CBMM's corps of more than 250 active volunteers. CBMM's volunteers are essential to the success of the institution, contributing an average of 28,000 hours of service a year. As program lead, this person will be responsible for orienting and training…


This is the only movie on my list that I have only seen once, and it has nothing to do with the fact that I had to take a "silkwood shower" the last time just to feel clean again...nope not because of that at all.
Hey JS- ha ha it is a freaky movie. thanks for stopping by, I enjoy your work.


We're having an interesting conversation about some new Jinn magic texts over on Studio Arcanis. This post comes from that discussion, given that Jinn magic seems to be making a comeback. I just read Corwin Hargrove's Practical Jinn Magick: Rituals to Unleash the Power of the Fire Spirits. And, though this post isn't a proper review of that book, I liked it and want to mention it here.
Intrepid and curious magicians might want to investigate it. That said, there are other worthwhile texts available that might give some foundation. I've enjoyed Legends of the Fire Spirits: Jinn and Genies from Arabia to Zanzibar by Robert Liebling. It's not a book of magic, but it's definitely a book that feels magical, if that makes any sense. Another good one is Islam, Arabs, and the Intelligent World of Jinn by Amira El-Zein. A smart magician could draw a lot of inspiration from these two alone.
You have to be careful with simplification. One author recently wrote a book that simplifies Jinn Magick to the point that, in my opinion, the magick isn't there anymore. His ritual form does nothing more than call to the Jinn King, with no structurally sound opening framework, direction, protection or any allusions to named Jinn. It's a book that could be seen as either useless or dangerous, and to an extent that depends on the person using it, but it's an example of what I can find disappointing about the over-simplified approach. I hope that what you get here has more meat than his book, without the convolutions set out by some older systems.
The thing with Kadmon's books is that they seem like beginner texts but you actually have to be fairly confident and experienced to make them work (like many Finbarr, Parker, and Starlight texts). I think this is what Hargrove means when he says using it "depends on the person," but it seems like a low blow. He also takes a shot at Nineveh Shadrach, calling Magick That Works overrated. I am surprised Al-Toukhi also didn't draw some insults, given that Red Magick has been one of the few relatively well-known Jinn magic books in the West. It's clear that Hargrove consulted Red Magick or at least is aware of it because he lists the book in his bibliography.
I was disappointed that Hargrove criticized Kadmon and Shadrach because I've gotten a lot out of both of these authors. Moreover, Hargrove is a solid spellbook writer in the Gallery of Magick vein (even if he claims not to be part of that group) and really doesn't need to disparage the competition. His work is good and can stand on its own.
1. Take the time to learn a modern grimoire, like those offered by the Gallery of Magick, Al Manning, or New Avatar Power (NAP) by Geoff Gray-Cobb. They work! And, in spite of their simplicity, they can serve as an introduction to this sometimes daunting field of occultism. See if you can call up the "teaching spirit of the book," sometimes referred to as the crossroads spirit or the "familiar of the text." In NAP, it's called the "Magical Mentor," but even the old grimoires have them (Clauneck or Scirlin in the Grimorium Verum, etc.). Have this spirit teach you how to evoke a spirit from a more complex text. For example, if you were working with the Magical Mentor, you might have it teach you how to call the demon, Marbuel from The Black Raven. The Raven is a relatively simple grimoire but harder than the modern texts and challenging for beginners because the method it offers takes a lot of knowledge for granted in the operator. Many books of magic are like that. Marbuel will then teach you more. Do this multiple times as a way to magically deepen your knowledge and power. It can be quite exciting to learn this way.
3. Harder: get an utterly egregoric grimoire (i.e. one that is made up by some fake occultist but that takes on its own reality through use ***) like Evoking Eternity or The Devil's Grimoire or The Gates of Dozak or The 13 Gates of the Necronomicon. It's a good beginning-to-intermediate test to see if you can make those work, because they can, but more of the burden is on you to achieve subjective synthesis (i.e. suspended disbelief ****) and then push energy into those containers. Have one of the aforementioned spirits (or, if you prefer, one of the Shem angels from GoM's 72 Angels of Magick) teach you how.
This is one of the classical ways a grimoire magician / necromancer would work—getting the spirits to teach the mysteries directly. It still can work that way. And you will find that your magic is a lot stronger when you have a spiritual teacher providing you with personalized instruction. It certainly isn't boring.
* You don't need to be fluent in Vulgar Latin, French, German, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish, Hebrew, Greek, Sanskrit, Arabic, or any of the other grimoire languages (to say nothing of Enochian) if you have an English translation. However, by looking up key words, you will develop a deeper grimoire literacy, which will make you a better magician when spirits speak in those terms. You will also have the good insights that come from learning a new language in that context. A grimoire is a world in itself and a unique perspective on the world. It is not surprising that a language is that, too.
** Not to be confused with The Arbatel of Magic, which I consider to be a more dangerous grimoire with multiple blinds that need to be taken into account on multiple levels. Leave this one aside for a while.
*** Ultimately, this describes all grimoires, but some are more obviously egregoric than others.
**** This is a term coined by the late, controversial Dr. Lisiewski. The following is his definition from Ceremonial Magic & The Power of Evocation: "Axiom 3—A state of Subjective Synthesis is produced through the conscious study, understanding, comprehension, and acceptance of the theory of all elements that compose a given magical act. As a result of this synthesis, an integrated belief system is taken up in the Practitioner's subconscious mind. This allows the individual to perform the magic and obtain the results desired from the magical act. Argument 3—I define this state of subjective synthesis as a mental process which leads to an integrated belief system. In this case, it is the Practitioner's belief system in the power of magic and in how the magic works. This belief system is held in the part of the mind below the level of conscious perception, known as the subconscious (or unconscious) mind. These ordered set of beliefs are then used by the subconscious (or unconscious) mind during the magical act." I take issue with Dr. Lisiewski's "grimoire fundamentalist" approach, but this idea is very useful, imo.
It's past midnight and the degenerates in the apartment below have passed into the later stages of drunken incoherence. Every Friday and Saturday night they do this. On one hand, I hate to begrudge them their fun. On the other, they are loud and obnoxious enough on a regular basis that I am beginning to think of them in terms of occult experiments.
In any case, my research into Botis and the graveyard experience continues. Today, I followed the old Hoodoo tradition of paying tribute to the Queen of the Dead with 9 pennies and an invocation. I didn't have much time because the graveyard was set to close about 15 minutes from my arrival. Still, after I said the invocation and cast the pennies one-by-one onto the ground, I could feel the power. The dead didn't appear this time, but it felt as if five people had suddenly hugged or enveloped my body. It was an intense experience that stayed with me for hours afterwards.
Tonight, I performed the preliminary rites in Al Manning's The Magic of New Ishtar Power. These included drawing the Star of Ishtar while sitting in a consecrated circle; performing the Ishtar Mantra; activating a connection to the deities of the NIP system (Isis, Nergal, Ra, Ishtar, Osiris, Marduk, Thoth, and Bast), and committing the NIP Pentagram Ritual to memory. I am good at memorization and can pretty easily digest long passages of text in a short amount of time. So these invocations were fairly easy to remember.
In any case, I love this system. Being a long-time fan of Gray-Cobb's The Miracle of New Avatar Power and The Mystic Grimoire of Spells and Rituals, I've found Manning's work to be comparable and sometimes even superior. Moreover, I think Gray-Cobb and Manning compliment each other and would recommend that their systems be studied together.
While the imbeciles downstairs continue to scream and drink themselves toward stupefaction, I am in a much better mood than usual having felt the power of the NIP system in action. I fully intend to put this grimoire to good use.


Soap and Glory Clean on Me - my favourite S&G body wash, which can also double up as bubble bath if you've ran out. For some reason I only ever buy these at Christmas when they go into the Boots sale or received as gifts. I'll always sing the praises of S&G products and will continue to repurchase/use.
Sanex Deodorant - standard. I have a stockpile of these (sound like an Extreme Couponer there), so no repurchasing for the immediate future.
Aura Perfume Sample - meh at its best. Ok for work - not for nights out, wouldn't repurchase.
MAC Studio Fix NW25 - I like this foundation, and will probably buy a full sized bottle once I've used my Studio Sculpt up. I only use this for nights out as its more medium/full coverage. Handy little tip the jars you can use to depot lipsticks into.
Jamela Skincare 24k Carat Gold Under Eye Masks* - a really good product to reduce puffy eyes, however the texture of these masks are unusual. I would use these again, however £46.75 for 16 pairs is very much out of my price range.
Nivea In-Shower Moisturiser - The ultimate lazy person's moisturiser. I'm on the fence about this, however you can read my review here.
Nair Hair Remover - yeah, does the job in hand. I'd repurchase if needed.
Liz Earle Hand Repair - a Christmas present from Judith. Again I'm on the fence about this - it did a brilliant job of moisturising my hands, however I hated the scent of this and on this basis I won't repurchase. Review to come in the near future.
I use my soap and glory shower gels as bubble baths too! Particularly since they only do ONE bybble bath but a zillion shower gels... why?! But yes, Clean on Me has been a staple in my bathroom forever!


Months ago, I told Josh I really wanted to run The North Face 50 in the Blue Mountains. I mean watch the video above, who wouldn't want to run it? I couldn't talk anyone into running it with me, so had written it off as can't do.
Now, imagine my surprise when I opened my email the day sign up opened and saw this.
I was talking to Josh later about the weird email I got during the day. He didn't really say much, just "that's interesting." As soon as we hung up the phone I got a different e-mail from Josh. It was his congratulations letter for signing up.
Josh had not only signed me up, but signed us up. Josh decided it was time for him to run with me.
The picture below is one and a half months into training, we were about half way finished with Half Marathon training.
Day One, we did not just jump into training for a 50k. We did couch to 5k first, and then had time to do 5k to half marathon, and half marathon to 50k training plan.
We got caught in a rain storm on this particular run. We ran to a ferry stop and hopped on the ferry.
We are running four days a week. Sunday is tabatas day or stairs day. We kind of cheat though, we run 20 seconds on, 20 seconds off, or try to sprint stairs the entire time. We do this for a full hour. Tuesday is an hour of hill repeats on one hill. Thursday is an hour of rolling hills. Saturday is the day we get in distance. We have just finished our half marathon training and starting our 50k training. Let's pray we are ready! Everyone I keep asking about the race warns me, "There is a lot of stairs." Any pointers? Any encouragement for Josh? This 50k race will be his first race with distance, besides the half marathon him and my cousin completed. I can't wait for race day!
Josh will run his first trail race this weekend, he might need some encouragement. Anyone got tips, pointers, or encouragement?
Wow, I'm so impressed - what an amazing effort! 10k is enough for me, so I can't imagine running that 5 times.


text:
Brian Palmer
Colorful reef fish in Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument
Marine Park (n.): any area of the marine environment that has been reserved by federal, state, territorial, tribal, or local laws or regulations to provide lasting protection for part or all of the natural and cultural resources therein.
Chilean president Michelle Bachelet announced last week the creation of one of the world's largest marine parks around Easter Island, located near a British-administered marine protected area around the Pitcairn Islands. Not to be outdone, President Obama unveiled two new marine sanctuaries in the tidal waters of Maryland and in Lake Michigan.
The language in these announcements can be confusing because there so many ways to describe a patch of protected water. It's best to start at the top of the pyramid.
In the United States, a marine protected area, or MPA, broadly encompasses just about any watery area that enjoys some level of specific legal safeguard. Sanctuaries, reserves, preserves…they're all types of marine protected areas. They're not even exclusively federal. Some MPAs are state or local creations.
Since MPAs come in so many flavors, the designation alone provides very little information. It doesn't tell you why the area has received the designation, nor does it indicate what you can and can't do in the water. To dig deeper, you need to understand both the "primary conservation focus" (the government's reason for protecting the area) and the "level of protection" (the activities allowed or prohibited).
Some examples help illustrate the subtleties. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration established Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary in 2000 to protect a remarkable collection of Great Lakes shipwrecks, some more than 150 years old. Since the area's value is cultural, NOAA allows recreational and commercial fishing on the site. Navassa National Wildlife Refuge, in contrast, was established in 1999 to protect the ecosystem near Haiti's Tiburon peninsula, so fishing is prohibited and the area is completely closed to the public.
Three other terms also deserve special attention. A marine reserve is one of the most restrictive forms of MPAs, where removing almost anything—fish, rocks, or cultural artifacts—is typically illegal. For this reason, marine reserves are relatively rare. California's Matlahuayl State Marine Reserve off San Diego, with its undersea canyons and shark-infested kelp forests, is an example of a no-take reserve.
Marine national monuments have similar levels of restriction. They differ from other reserves in that the statutory authority to declare a national monument comes from the Antiquities Act—which usually involves the U.S. Department of the Interior and NOAA, sometimes in conjunction with other agencies. Marine national monuments like Hawaii's Papahānaumokuākea are nearly off-limits to any kind of resource extraction, with exceptions for traditional uses by indigenous peoples and scientific research.
There are also a small number of marine national parks, which are designated by Congress. Legislators can specify the level of protection established at each of these, so it's difficult to generalize, but the marine national monuments typically receive greater protection. Dry Tortugas National Park in Florida, for example, has no-fishing areas, but there are other places in the park where fishing is permitted.
Things get even more complicated abroad. Most reporters refer to international sites as "marine parks" or "marine sanctuaries" because they don't carry specific legal implications. Unfortunately, to understand the levels of protection in non-U.S. areas, you have to go site by site.
Here's a suggestion: If you're in any kind of protected area, don't take a chance. Leave the fish, the plants, and the cultural artifacts alone.
Our Oceans' Last Chance: Protect the High Seas
A new United Nations treaty is bringing a once-in-a-generation chance to save our open oceans and all the life that depends on them.
Rockies Dispatch
In Utah, Industry Pounces on What Were, Not Long Ago, Our Public Lands
Cobalt mining and other interests lay claim to Grand Staircase–Escalante and Bears Ears National Monuments, rankling local communities tied to these lands.
The Rise of Chile's River Protectors
For decades, NRDC has worked alongside Chileans who are fighting to save Patagonia's wildest rivers from being yoked by massive hydroelectric dams.
Good News for These Hawaiian Dolphins (That Look an Awful Lot Like Orcas)
After years of fighting to protect their habitat, we did it! Hawaii's false killer whales now have a chance to come back from the brink.


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Numerous innovative ideas in the field of medicine originated at TU Dresden's FM CGC. Furthermore, this faculty is the first nationwide with certified teaching according to DIN EN ISO 9001:2008. At the same time, the FM represents the School of Medicine of the whole TU Dresden. Those who want to embody science today will need a good network – one with many nodes – in order to have a solid financial footing, to publish one's findings and also to implement and apply research results obtained in the laboratory.
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BollywoodGaram.com: Former actress Suchitra Krishnamoorthi's daughter Kaveri has collaborated with British Band The Vamps. The proud mother celebrated the collaboration with a party in Mumbai on August 27, 2016. Kaveri is Suchitra and Shekhar Kapur's daughter who was born in London and is trained in Hindustani classical music with western classical vocals, piano and guitar.
B-Town celebrities who attended the bash included Anil Kapoor, Anupam Kher, Sunidhi Chauhan and others.
The singer has already recorded her first single 'Did You Know' that was released on June 24, 2016.
Ronit Roy and his family also attended the event.
The Vamps' members include Brad Simpson (lead vocals and guitar), James McVey (lead guitar and vocals), Connor Ball (bass guitar and vocals) and Tristan Evans (drums and vocals). They started to become popular with cover songs in late 2012.


With this LogiLink adapter you can connect 2.5-inch and 3.5-inch SATA Hard Disks Drives or SATA CD and DVD ROM drives to the USB 3.0 port on your computer. Supports transfer rates up to 5 Gbps. The AU0028 also features a one-touch backup function that backs up your data simply by puhsing a button.


Tropico 5, the Strategy-Game from Kalypso, is now available for Linux on Steam!
It even contains cross-platform (Linux, Mac, Windows) Multiplayer!
Return to the remote island nation of Tropico and expand your Dynasty's reign from the early colonial period to beyond the 21st Century, facing new challenges including advanced trading mechanics, technology and scientific research, exploration, cooperative and competitive MULTIPLAYER for up to 4 players.
Wasteland 2, the new post-apocalyptical Indie-RPG by Brian Fargo, is now available on Steam and on GOG for Linux.
Recent changes to the Steam-DB-Depot for Transistor, the current game of the Makers of Bastion, suppose that a Linux-Version will soon to be released.
Read more about Transistor soon for Linux?
Recent changes to the "Outlast"-Depot-Entry on SteamDB assume, that the Horror-Game will be playable on Linux soon.
Containment: The Zombie Puzzler is available now on Steam for Linux.
Use your wits, weapons, and the city itself to save Franklin from the zombie apocalypse in this exciting indie action puzzler.
Braid, the Indie-Classic, has already been available DRM-free for Linux for a long time (e. .g on the Humble Store).
Now you can also get it on Steam for Linux.
The second Part of the Indie-Adventure "The Journey Down" is available right now on Steam for Linux.


text:
Ten quick observations from day two
Iain Dale: Replace Hammond with Gove, promote Mordaunt, bring back Raab
Joel Charles: After May's conference speech and Hammond's Budget, opportunity must be our core objective
Hammond has one task only in next week's Budget. To show that the Government is preparing for No Deal.
Iain Dale: Maybe it's because he's a Londoner that we love Javid so
Robert Halfon: No to Ted Clubberlang Conservatism, no to Deliveroo Conservatism, yes to Workers' Conservatism
(1) The mood here is much improved. Yesterday's tax cut pledges from George Osborne have given Conservatives something very real to fight for on the doorsteps. Fraser Nelson sort of agrees but concludes: "The Tories are doomed, but very upbeat about it." An autumn election is going to be very tough but at least the Tory troops now have a lot more ammunition for the fight. I'm hoping for a lot more from David Davis later. I still think crime and social breakdown should be at the heart of our election strategy.
(2) The mood will get still better when Tory activists read their newspapers over their bacon and eggs. Sun, Mail, Express and Telegraph are all very positive about yesterday's tax announcements.
(3) Housing continues to emerge as a key Cameroonian theme. The abolition of inheritance tax for the middle classes and the abolition of stamp duty for first-time buyers on homes of £250,000 in value have now been followed up by a commitment to abolish HIPS. Shadow Housing Minister Grant Shapps told conference: "The experts ridiculed them. The industry doesn't want them. The market doesn't need them. The next Conservative Government will scrap them."
(4) Michael Gove promised 'grammar streams' in every school yesterday and a central place for Winston Churchill in the curriculum. Representatives loved it.
(4) George Osborne yesterday joked that anybody who thought he'd support charges for supermarket parking must have been "off their trolley"! I'm picking up a little bit of anger amongst some of the greenest blues at Conference at what they are interpreting as a downgrading of their agenda. Both Zac Goldsmith and John Gummer are here in Blackpool. I wouldn't be surprised if one green explodes at some point soon.
(5) Which MEP has the most fans in Blackpool? Answer: Roger Helmer! Roger and The Freedom Association have been distributing fans with the message 'Keep a cool head on climate change' written on to them. At a fringe meeting yesterday Iain Murray and Russell Lewis examined the enormous costs of combating climate change. Murray suggested an alternative strategy of technological investment (he welcomed Richard Branson's encouragement of a more efficient airline fuel), resilience to extreme events and adaptation.
(6) And what of the climate in Blackpool? The weather has been cool but dry. Huge numbers of people are spilling out of the stuffy, hot atmosphere of the Imperial Hotel as a result – and on to the large car park for some fresh air or the freedom to smoke.
(7) Michael Cockerell is filming around the Imperial for one of his big BBC documentaries. It looks, I understand, at the changes David Cameron has been making to the Conservative Party. It won't be shown before an autumn election.
(9) Both the BBC and News International are not holding parties at this year's Party Conferences. Last night's Telegraph party was incredibly well-attended as a result. The finest drinks were being served at Lord Strathclyde's private party. Nick Herbert spoke at ConservativeHome's own reception in the Churchill Room. ConservativeHome is the first website he visits on any day he said. Pictured (clockwise from top left): Debi Jones, Laura Kuenssberg, Julia Manning, Stephen Crabb MP, Amanda Platell, John Hayward, Iain Murray and Fraser Nelson.
(10) Line of the day award goes to Boris Johnson. If Mr Broon decides not to call an election he's nothing more than a big girl's blouse!
Also see yesterday's ten observations
Party Conferences
10 comments for: Ten quick observations from day two


SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) is a standard technology behind establishing an encrypted connection between a web server (host) and a web browser (client). This connection between the two makes sure that all the data passed between them remain private and intrinsic. SSL is an industry standard and is used by millions of websites to protect their online transactions with their customers. If you have ever visited a website using the https:// in the address bar you were creating a secure connection via SSL. If you have an eshop or sell items via your website, SSL helps in establishing trust with your customers.
Using an SSL certificate creates an encrypted connection between the user's web browser and the web server. This means that any data transmitted between the web server and the web browser can not be read without first being decrypted. This protects the data from being spied upon by someone else on the internet because they will not be able to understand the encrypted data.
After the SSL certificate is verified through the SSL handshake, the data transferred between the web server and web browser is encrypted to keep it private and secure.
While the details of the SSL protocol are not displayed to the visitor, most browsers will display a lock or some other form of identification in the address bar. This will indicate if you are currently protected by an SSL encrypted session. If you would like the details of the SSL certificate you can simply click on the lock.
What does the SSL mean to visitors?
Most SSL Certificates contain the domain name, company name, address, city, state, and country. It also contains an expiration date of the certificate and the details of the Certificate Authority (the company who issued the SSL). When a browser attempts to establish an SSL connection to a website it checks to make sure the certificate is not expired, has been issued by a trusted authority, and is being used for the correct website. If any of these checks fails your web browser will display a warning letting the user know that the site is not secured by SSL.
How do I get an SSL for my website?
Please read our article on Ordering an SSL if you'd like more information. For further assistance or if you have any more questions please feel free to Speedy Turtles Design.


text:
R.Ph.s give mixed reviews to Prilosec OTC switch
What R.Ph.s think of Prilosec going over the counter.
AstraZeneca's Prilosec (omeprazole) may have won the blessing of a Food & Drug Administration advisory panel to go over the counter in an overwhelming 16-2 vote, but pharmacists have mixed reactions about whether the purple heartburn pill should be switched.
At press time, 918 respondents had taken an Instant Poll on Drug Topics' Web site, which asked, Is it a good idea for Prilosec to go OTC? Fifty percent gave thumbs-down to a switch, 48% voted in favor of it, and about 3% said they didn't know.
Jerry Jackson, R.Ph., at CVS, Spartanburg, S.C., said, "My gut feeling is that this is another joint venture between the manufacturer and the pharmacy benefit managers. Remember, this drug was not approved for long-term use except in the treatment of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome a few years ago. It is also close to patent expiration time, and the PBMs and insurers would save a bundle by not having to pay for an OTC."
Louis Ferri, Pharm.D., South Jersey Health System, had mixed feelings. "Many people will definitely benefit from this big gun, but at a premium cost that is not covered by insurance," he said. Still, he thinks this OTC switch is a good opportunity for patients to consult with pharmacists.
Bernard L. Izes, R.Ph., CVS, is concerned that omeprazole can be dangerous if not taken correctly. "Prilosec potentiates many drugs, including Valium, Dilantin, and Coumadin," he said. "These drugs are used often and are powerful. There are many other drugs that must be monitored when taken with Prilosec. The adverse reactions include headaches, diarrhea, dizziness, rash, constipation, cough, and back and abdominal pain. Keep in mind, people buying this OTC will think that if one capsule is good, two capsules would even be better. Many people will get sick and some perhaps will die, before it is taken off OTC."
James Zelch, R.Ph., at Eckerd in Florida is in favor of an Rx-to-OTC switch for Prilosec but believes the price should be reduced. "The prices our senior citizens have to pay for drugs is atrocious. The drug manufacturer should be lowering the price of the brand product when the patent runs out. If you had an exclusive patent on items as they do for 10 to 17 years, you've made your money and recouped your investment 10 times over. Do they reduce the brand price? No! They double and triple it."
Randy Skirvin, D.Ph., Med-Rx Drug, La Mesa, Calif., said his endorsement of OTC omeprazole is dependent on safety and cost savings. "Patients may lose their third-party coverage due to OTC status, but coverage of a PPI [proton pump inhibitor] is generally lost after eight weeks of therapy anyway." That may mean an increase of out-of-pocket costs if therapy is to continue for longer than eight weeks. What's more important, he said, is safety.
"The literature tells of adverse events in lab animals using ridiculously high doses," said Skirvin. "Omeprazole [and other PPIs] have an excellent safety record and should definitely be considered for OTC status."
Darran L. Russell, R.Ph., Med-Rx Drug, said, "I would urge caution and also the use of low doses if Prilosec goes OTC. Most therapy with Prilosec is recommended for four- to eight-week periods—with four-week extensions." Omeprazole inhibits gastric acid and may alter the bioavailability of drugs dependent on a certain gastric pH for proper absorption, he said.
Atrophic gastritis has been found occasionally in patients on long-term omeprazole therapy, Russell said. "As a wellness pharmacist and diabetes weight management counselor, I'd recommend inclusion of a nutrition education leaflet on the dangers of overeating and being overweight. In particular, I'd include guidelines about combining better food choices and stress management techniques to reduce the need for self-medication for reflux, etc. The combining of refined carbohydrate and starchy carbohydrates with protein and saturated fats, especially at night, causes a lot of grief in the general population."
Nancy Lee Sipco, R.Ph., CVS Pharmacy, Painesville, Ohio, said, "I don't think there will be too much of a problem with the OTC switch as long as the indications and warnings are listed properly." She questioned, "Would it be available in a lower dose, like Zantac and others?"
Where does the American Pharmaceutical Association stand on the issue of an OTC omeprazole? APhA "recommends that the agency consider the real-world use of omeprazole magnesium in the OTC environment, existing OTC products available for heartburn, the risks and benefits of increasing access to the product, and the ability of consumers to appropriately select and use the product without a learned intermediary. APhA supports the transition of this product to OTC status, pending the outcome of this review by the FDA."
Sandra Levy. R.Ph.s give mixed reviews to Prilosec OTC switch.
Drug Topics
2002;15:66.


text:
careers ·Pro-Files
George Foreman: Still knocking 'em out
BYDaniel Roberts
March 6, 2015, 2:00 PM UTC
George Foreman's business philosophy can be reduced to three words: Never say no.
"Don't ever stop earning," he says. "It's a curse to think you have enough. There is never enough. George Foreman, Bill Gates—anyone. Money has to be spent. It is not made to be saved." Hence, it must be replenished, and replenish it Foreman does. You want to pay him $10,000 to share some tales with your business group of his days as heavyweight champ? He's there. "I remember my first million-dollar check for a boxing match," Foreman says. "What a joy. And then my first $5 million check. What a joy. But today I can go out and get a $5,000 check, and the joy is as great. Because I'm earning."
At 66, Foreman could stop. He has already cycled through at least four careers in a life that defines the word "reinvention": Muscled, scowling boxing champ; born-again minister; genial, flabby comeback king; and pitchman for Nike (NKE) , McDonald's (MCD), Meineke, and most famously, the namesake grill whose rights earned him a $137 million lifetime deal.
Foreman at his home, outside Houston. Photograph by Ben Sklar
Foreman may still have a few more acts in him. In 2013 he started a boxing-promotion business. And now he's preparing to launch a whole new enterprise: an online butcher's store, because, of course, people need meat to cook on their George Foreman grill.
He is often in motion but rarely in a hurry these days. Foreman lives on a gated 45-acre property not far from Houston. On a mild February day he offers a tour via golf cart. He points out the tennis court—which he has never used—and the stables. (Foreman keeps most of his 50 horses on his ranch in Marshall.) He opens a garage that boasts 38 cars. Ferrari, Porsche, Maybach, Tesla (TSLA) —you name it, he has one. Foreman says the best model he ever owned was a 1977 VW Bug; that's in there too. Does Foreman really need such big collections? No, he admits, but the horses keep breeding ("You've heard the expression 'Be fruitful and multiply'?"), and he's easily sold on cars: "I see these commercials and say, 'Boy, I've got to have that …' I need to stop."
At a professed 255 pounds, Foreman is still at his (comeback) fighting weight. He insists he works out daily, but there are as many toys (they belong to his grandkids) littering the floor of his workout room as there are weights. There's also a huge George Foreman grill—which he says he uses right after he exercises—a few feet away.
Foreman stays plenty busy. His only day of rest is Monday. On Tuesdays, he says, "I try to take care of whatever business I have." Wednesdays he ministers and tries to stop by the youth center that he founded 30 years ago. On Fridays he and his wife head to the ranch, where he raises horses and Black Angus cattle. When the couple arrive at the ranch, he says, his wife feels "instantly relaxed. But after two days I say, 'Let's leave!' " On Saturday evenings and Sundays he preaches and teaches Sunday school. The preaching is a job. Speeches, endorsements—those are jobs too. "The best thing that can ever happen to a human being is a job," he says. "You don't have a job, you're going to die!"
Listen to Foreman tell a story.
Foreman was initially wary of hawking products, but an unexpected phone call in 1990 changed that. He was in an Atlantic City hotel, early on in his boxing comeback, when Bill Cosby called out of the blue. Decades before, Foreman had appeared on The Dating Game with Cosby's brother Bob. Foreman told Cosby he was getting endorsement offers but said, "I don't want to be on TV saying this and that." Cosby admonished him, he says: "Come on, man. You're no different from any other boy. You want to be on television; you want to be known. If you don't take them, I'll take them." From then on, Foreman was all in as a pitchman.
Foreman at a McDonald's in Houston in 1991.Photograph by David Scarbrough — AP
Now, of course, he has his own ventures. Coming soon: George Foreman's Butcher Shop, an online meat company—Omaha Steaks for the Internet age. It will sell all-natural Black Angus beef from small family farms, with an emphasis on quality and healthfulness. "These days," Foreman says, "you want to know about the cow's brother, sister, the spot he stood on. The grill was about health. And now I can spell it out to people with this food."
Meanwhile, Foreman—"Big George"—has been in business with three of his five sons, all named George. George IV ("Bigwheel") is his dad's publicist and is working on the meat company. Two years ago Big George and George Jr. launched Foreman Boys Promotions, which has partnered with Bob Arum's Top Rank to put on seven fights in Macau and a few in Texas. Arum was Big George's promoter for his comeback, and he says Foreman is evidence that complete reinvention is possible. When Foreman first called him in 1987, Arum says, "I was not enthusiastic, realizing what a horrid person he had been." Arum says Foreman's personality was so altered that he suspected a con. "But it wasn't a con," Arum says he came to realize. "He had really changed."
Foreman is happy as an entrepreneur, the boxing mostly an ancient memory for him. But every now and again, he says, he'll cue up a tape of the Rumble in the Jungle, the 1974 classic in which the fearsome young incarnation of Foreman was knocked out, in one of boxing's great upsets, by Muhammad Ali.
Foreman on the mat in the Ali fight.
"If I watch it 100 times," Foreman says, "each time I still think I'm going to win." He eventually transformed that haunting defeat into a new life, and he's healthy today, while Ali is burdened by Parkinson's. Improbably, perhaps, the two are now friends. On Foreman's last birthday, he says, one of Ali's daughters FaceTimed him and held the phone up for Ali. "He doesn't talk much now," says Foreman, "but when she says, 'Look, Dad, it's George!' then he looks up, and all he has to do is raise those eyes, and everything else comes to life. The guy is still a star. I love this friendship." Foreman grins. He's earned it.
For more great business stories in our ongoing Pro-Files series check out both Fortune.com and SI.com
This story is from the March 15, 2015 issue of Fortune.


Set in Alanya, 500 metres from Alanya Bus Station and 400 metres from Kleopatra Beach, Cleopatra King Apart features accommodation with free WiFi. All units include a fully equipped kitchen, allowing guests to prepare their own meals. A balcony with mountain views is offered in every unit. The aparthotel offers a continental or halal breakfast. Cleopatra King Apart offers an outdoor pool. The accommodation provides a terrace. Popular points of interest near Cleopatra King Apart include Alanya Aquapark, Alanya Archaeological Museum and Damlatas Cave. The nearest airport is Gazipasa Airport, 40 km from the aparthotel.
Please inform Cleopatra King Apart in advance of your expected arrival time. You can use the Special Requests box when booking, or contact the property directly with the contact details provided in your confirmation.


We offer full hookup RV Sites and self contained Cottages. Situated just outside of Salmon Arm in the sunny Shuswap. We operate from about the beginning of April to about mid October, depending on weather.
We provide a "state of the art" campground, washrooms and laundry facility for your use. Clean accommodations and reasonable rates we are here to ensure your stay is enjoyable, and relaxing.
13 RV sites with full hookups (water, power, sewer, internet, wi-fi, telephone, cable TV), and a grassy site for tents as well. Check in is between 1pm and dusk or 8pm, which ever one comes first.
7 fully self contained cottages. Summer season runs from mid June to mid September. All our cottages are non smoking and absolutely pet free! Check in is between 3pm and 9pm.
We have picnic tables and a central fireplace, with free firewood. Children will enjoy a large grassy area for recreation including swings, slide, toys, basketball hoop and the lake a short drive away.
Each washroom provides a handicap toilet, common toilet, handicap shower, common shower and a countertop with two basins. Motion detectors activate all necessary lighting.
We allow pets on the RV park as long as the owner is taking care of it, keeps it on a leash, quiet and cleans up after it! Absolutely no pets in any of the buildings however.
6871 Trans Canada Highway N.W.
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• If you cancel your reservation by noon 7 days before arrival date, we do not charge you the remaining amount.
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• If we are able to rent out the site/cottage you reserved and cancelled too late, we will refund you the amount for these nights we were able to rent.
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• To hold your reservation, we accept MASTERCARD and VISA. On arrival day you can decide if you want to pay with these credit cards or with Interac. Of course we also accept cash.
We collect information about guests such as name, address, automobile license number, make and year, credit card number and special needs, interests and preferences. We may collect information from you directly, from a member of your family, or from a business associate making reservations for you. We may obtain it by telephone, in person, by mail, by fax or by e-mail. We may keep the information in written form or electronically. By providing this information to us, you enable us to serve you better.
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We may be contacted by mail, phone, or e-mail.


text:
"This question about DACA has really sot of jumped ahead of how we should orderly talk about immigration," McHenry said during a Facebook Live interview with the Observer.
"I for one believe that before we have any conversation about immigration we have to begin with border security, not just a physical perimeter but the laws surrounding how you come to this country. … Without that credibility you can't have that conversation."
McHenry, the House chief deputy whip, said there's no appetite among Republicans at this point for comprehensive immigration reform.
"The larger package you get the worse it gets when it comes to immigration," he said. "A step-by-step approach is the only thing that has credibility in my view with the American people and certainly the only thing that has credibility with my constituents in western North Carolina."
McHenry also said he supports the health care bill sponsored by GOP Sens. Graham and Bill Cassidy of Louisiana.
The bill would eliminate federal premium subsidies under the Affordable Care Act as well as federal money for Medicaid expansion, now used in 31 states use to provide coverage for low-income residents.
The legislation would replace all that with block grants to states.
The closely divided Senate would have to vote on the bill this month to pass it with 50 votes (Vice President Mike Pence would break a tie) before procedures kick in that would require 60 votes to pass it.
"It's a great concept," McHenry said. "I would rather have complete control of the social safety net given to the states.…
"I'm hopeful that the Senate can pass this bill and keep the conversation alive."
Jim Morrill: 704-358-5059, @jimmorrill
Marianne Williamson campaigns at Heist Brewery
Charlotte Mayor Vi Lyles registers for re-election
By ASIM TANVEER Associated Press
Pakistan arrests US-wanted terror suspect blamed for 2008 Mumbai attacks, days ahead of prime minister's Washington trip.
UK Labour Party lords condemn 'toxic' anti-Semtisim


text:
Episode 4: Hugo Cardoso on Researching Creoles in Sri Lanka & India
[introduction music]
Martha Tsutsui Billins host – Hello, and welcome to Field Notes, a podcast about linguistic fieldwork. I'm Martha Tsutsui Billins and today's interview will be with Hugo Cardoso. Hugo is a Creolist and he does work in Sri Lanka and India. If you don't know what a creole is, the most basic explanation is, a creole is a stable natural language that has developed from a mixing of two or more other languages. It differs from a pidgin; a pidgin is not considered a full language but a creole on the other hand is learned as a first language or native language by children and is considered a completely formed language. I'm going to read a bio for Hugo before we get to the interview:
Hugo Cardoso is a researcher and professor at the University of Lisbon. He obtained his bachelor's from the University of Coimbra and his MPhil and PhD from the University of Amsterdam. He specializes in Portuguese-based creoles spoken in South Asia which he has been researching for over a decade. He has worked closely with the creole-speaking communities of Diu and Kerala in India, and more recently with the Portuguese Burgher community in Eastern Sri Lanka. He is also a depositor at the Endangered Languages Archive and a recipient of the Endangered Languages Documentation Program Grant.
MTB: Thank you so much Hugo for joining us. To start, can you tell us about where you conduct your linguistic fieldwork?
Hugo Cardoso: Yes, sure. Currently I am doing fieldwork in Sri Lanka, more specifically Eastern Sri Lanka, on the Portuguese-based creole that's spoken there, but this is the tailend of a whole process. I started elsewhere; I started doing research in India and I still do. In India I have done fieldwork in two places: one is called Diu, it's an island off the coast of Gujarat in Western India, and the other field site is actually in the state of Kerala, which is the Southwest of India. Specifically, in two different towns, Cannanore and Cochin, there is a particular variety of Portuguese-based creole which is spoken in these two locations. So, I've collected data in both of them. I started in Diu and then there were some developments and I realized there was work to be done in Kerala and I moved on to Kerala. And Sri Lanka has been my latest addition.
MTB: How did you decide to start working on those languages? Did you have some prior connection already to the communities or the field sites? How did you pick India and Sri Lanka?
Hugo Cardoso: No, I mean, not at all. I didn't have any prior connection. It all came from an academic interest which I developed when I was doing my undergraduate study in the University of Coimbra, in Portugal. I had a professor there who was instrumental for this whole development. His name was John Holm, he is a very well-known Creolist, and he was teaching at Coimbra at the time. One of his objectives, and he kept saying it all the time and one of the reasons why he moved to Portugal, he was an American, was because he wanted to, in a sense, create a new generation of Portuguese Creolists who could look at the Portuguese-based creole from a different perspective. I was one of them in the sense that he really inspired me to look at these languages. Then when the time came to do my Master's, I went to the University of Amsterdam to work on a creole.
MTB: A Portuguese-based creole?
Hugo Cardoso: Now that's the interesting thing. For my master's, I looked at a creole which is mostly English-based but has a very important Portuguese connection, a Portuguese lexical element, and that was the topic of my MA. This is Saramaccan which is a creole spoken in Suriname. For that particular work, no fieldwork was necessary. I did all my research from published data, old dictionaries, modern dictionaries, etc. Then, when the time came to decide to look for a topic for my PhD, I thought, okay there's been a lot of research done on Portuguese-based creoles and creoles based on other European sources, but they tend to concentrate on the Atlantic. Considerably less research has been done in Asia and the Pacific. So I thought, why don't I move to that side of the world? And so that's how it happened. I spoke to Clancy Clements, who was a person who was doing, at the time, research on one of the varieties of Portuguese creole in India. I asked him, "what do you suggest?" and that's how I came up with my PhD project which was the one about Diu. Then everything else followed from there.
MTB: I see. We spoke a bit about this off the podcast, but can you talk a bit about what was the reaction or did you have any difficulties in being a Portuguese person doing research on a Portuguese creole in the postcolonial context? Was this a challenge that you faced and can you talk about that?
Hugo Cardoso: Yes, sure. I mean that's actually been one of the most interesting things about this whole process. The fact that I have worked in three different locations because the constraints that that poses are not the same in all of them, and that has a lot to do with recent history. So, as I told you, I started out with Diu, and Diu is a particular case because Diu along with two other areas of India, Daman and Goa, were Portuguese colonies until 1961.
MTB: Very recently.
Hugo Cardoso: Yeah, that memory is still very present. Not only is it still politically very present, there are people there speaking Portuguese because that is how they were schooled in primary school. That creates a situation in which Portuguese, European Portuguese especially, but Portuguese in general, still performs the function of a norm, so there is some pressure among the community from Portuguese. So, the ideas which are often associated with creole languages, that they are watered down or corrupted forms of a standard still holds some currency there. That was the source of my constraints when I was working in Diu. It wasn't that I was unwelcome by any means. On the contrary, I think I was very welcome because I was Portuguese, so that was not a problem at all. But in terms of getting the people to speak the creole to me in an unconstrained way, that was a process. So, it took a while. I had to be there for a while, people had to gain familiarity with me and become comfortable before I could start getting good data for my research. With some people, I could never bridge this ideological gap. Some people could never speak to me freely the way they would speak at home. The exceptions were the children of course, because the children are a product of the period which came after integration in India, so these things really don't apply. So with kids I could actually start getting the raw data from the beginning. In fact, I learned a lot of my Diu creole from children before I could actually start talking to adults.
MTB: And they didn't have that same emotional hangover that maybe their grandparents had from remembering the recent history?
Hugo Cardoso: That's right. It is quite interesting as well because when I finally could establish some relationships with some families that allowed me to get this kind of data, it would not be uncommon, for example, if I was interviewing a child or perhaps their mother or father, it wouldn't be uncommon if the grandparents were there, for them to intervene in the sense of, "that's not how you say it". They would always try to correct it to a form that was closer to Portuguese. So it's not that what I was getting was incorrect but, from their perspective, it wasn't what I should be hearing.
MTB: Yeah that's interesting, wow.
Hugo Cardoso: So yeah there was that. Then in the other two locations this doesn't apply because…
MTB: Because they were not so recently part of Portuguese empire?
Hugo Cardoso: Not at all, not at all.
MTB: Ah ok.
Hugo Cardoso: That connection was broken in the 17th century so there have been centuries of development that don't depend in any way on education in Portuguese or some recognition of Portuguese as the norm. So, it was much easier in that sense to start collecting data there.
MTB: How did in the last two field sites, or uh, last two communities, how do people feel about their language, their Portuguese-based creole? Did they have a different language attitude towards it?
Hugo Cardoso: They do, they do.
MTB: In comparison to the first community, I mean.
Hugo Cardoso: Yes, certainly. These notions that what they speak is a corrupt form are not there. Often what develops among these communities, not only the ones in India and Sri Lanka but elsewhere as well, is this idea that what they speak is some sort of crystalized 16th century Portuguese, which it isn't. There've been all sorts of transformations, so it's not, but it's a way of looking at it. Their attitude is very different in the sense that they don't have as much hesitation speaking to someone who comes from Portugal and who is obviously a native speaker of a standard variety of Portuguese. On the other hand, these are also languages which are disappearing and to some extent the communities are aware of that. In one of the cases in fact, the one of Kerala, I ended up contacting the last speakers, so the people I was recording were the last ones, and I could only locate six speakers. So, it's the very end of a process of shift and language death, right? So, there are these feelings of nostalgia about when the language was still vital among the community and among the families and how it's changed. In Sri Lanka it's a little different because the community is a little larger as well. So each location is different in that sense.
MTB: Yeah. Can you talk about any non-research related challenges that you faced while you were in the field? Such as some culture shock or did you get sick at all? Did you have to overcome…
Hugo Cardoso. *laughs* well you do get sick.
MTB: It is part of the experience, right? *laughs*
Hugo Cardoso: It is. There are these cyclical moments of health issues, but luckily nothing too serious. The only thing that was a little more serious that I had to go through was typhoid. But, luckily, I had done all the vaccinations and all that so it wasn't a terribly difficult case.
MTB: That is a good tip to get all the vaccinations.
Hugo Cardoso: Yes, yes, do. Because you know, as this particular case taught me, even if all of that doesn't prevent you from getting the diseases, it makes them much less serious, so it is easier for you to overcome them. As for culture shock, yes in some ways, but nothing too serious again. You know, I had never been to India before I started this fieldwork there, so my first trip was for the fieldwork. My port of entry was Mumbai which is a massive metropolis and it can be a little overwhelming. I mean there are things that you have to adapt to.
MTB: Yeah, definitely.
Hugo Cardoso: But those things that you have to adapt to, in my experience in India anyway, are mostly associated with metropolitan areas. You know all of the confusion…
MTB: The hustle and bustle.
Hugo Cardoso: Yeah, right. But my field sites are very different. They're smaller, they are very quiet. And, in a way, because they were all in the past Portuguese colonies there is a certain familiarity to the community and also their way of living. So, I immediately felt very welcome there, that was not a problem at all. No, I can't think of anything that was particularly complicated. I know that a lot of people that do fieldwork do so in conditions which are quite difficult, you know, in material terms, quite difficult in terms of accommodation or electricity and things like that. That was not the case for me because even though these were small places they were urban places, right? So there was running water, there was electricity, you know, with some gaps, but it was there. There was transportation, there was internet, you know it's not as challenging.
MTB: Yeah, that's great. Do you have any data loss horror stories to share?
Hugo Cardoso: Luckily, no, I have always been very careful.
MTB: Oh wonderful, ok.
Hugo Cardoso: Haha, I've always been very careful with that. I always make lots of copies of my materials. There was a moment recently where I lost everything that I had in my computer, but luckily…
MTB: You had backed it up?
Hugo Cardoso: Bits of it were not necessarily backed up in my main backup and that was my concern, but because all of the materials had also been copied by other team members, everything was recoverable.
MTB: Wonderful.
Hugo Cardoso: Right.
MTB: Yeah. Don't you feel this is a wonderful time to be alive and to be doing fieldwork? Before, it was all analogue tapes and now we can just so easily make digital copies.
Hugo Cardoso: Yes, absolutely.
MTB: It's great.
Hugo Cardoso: So there is no excuse to lose your materials, haha.
MTB: It's really true. It does happen but…I haven't had any experiences yet, but I'm hoping not to have any at all, haha. Lastly, or second to last, can you talk about your equipment? So now you are working in the field fairly regularly and so you have equipment that is still on the market. Can you tell us what you use? At least audio and video recorders.
Hugo Cardoso: Right, actually there's also been a progression. I've always carried into the field video recorders and audio recorders, but in the first two sites I couldn't rely on video a lot because of sociolinguistic constraints and it wasn't perhaps always acceptable to video. That has changed in this Sri Lankan project, a lot. It's been remarkably easy to work with video. So what I do, and I'll tell you a little about what I have right now which is the Sri Lanakan project equipment, I work with two solid state recorders, I bring two and I use one of them mostly which is a Zoom H6, but I have a backup. It's very good in fact. So this is what I use. But then I also carry another one which I had from previous projects which is a Marantz, just in case something happens. Then we work with two video cameras; they're Panasonic. We went with the same video camera twice to make sure that everything is compatible between the two and the quality of the recording is also comparable. The reason why it is good for us to use two cameras is that this particular project, the Sri Lankan project, has a very important ethnomusicological component, which focuses on music but also dance. So very often we have to use both cameras to get different angles and then we will combine both of them, if we feel like it and if it's important. So, we have two video cameras, Panasonics, and then lots of microphones for different occasions. We have two cardioid microphones that we attach to the Zoom H6 and we have one very good wireless lapel microphone, a Sennheiser. This has been one of my favourite pieces of equipment because, being wireless, it gives the whole setting a lot of freedom. It allows us to do very interesting things like walkabouts or to have people demonstrate practical things on camera that show the work of a blacksmith or a carpenter or cooking something in a way that is comfortable for the person who is doing it, right? Without all of the wires.
MTB: Not cumbersome. Yeah, doesn't bother them.
Hugo Cardoso: Yeah. So these walkabouts, for example, have been quite interesting and because the reach is quite long you can actually film from far away if necessary and you can still hear perfectly. So, I really really…
MTB: Recommend them?
Hugo Cardoso: Yeah, I really like that. Then we have a shotgun microphone and we got a very good vocal microphone, a Rode NT2-A, and this was again specifically because we have this ethnomusicological approach and this is a very good microphone for some performances. So we also use it specifically in these contexts. And then of course everything that has to go with it, cables, stands, tripods, all of that.
MTB: All the other bits, yeah. Lastly, what advice would you give to someone who is about to go into the field for the first time?
Hugo Cardoso: Ok hmm…well, fieldwork is a very good opportunity, in personal terms as well, it is a very good opportunity. There are some essential elements to make it work and I think in my experience anyways, flexibility and sensitivity are essential because you'll be in a situation where the success of your project, the success of what you intend to do, doesn't really depend on you that much or not only on you, it depends on the people around you. So you have to be able to engage quite deeply sometimes with very different people. That's not only a necessity in practical terms that you have to listen to what they wish to do or listen to what they don't want to do and run with it, but it's also, I think, a moral imperative. This is how you should approach your work there. So yeah, flexibility for sure, sensitivity at all levels. Political sensitivity, you know you have to be careful about the topics that you raise or the topics that you are going to archive and publicize. And then, in practical terms, if this is the beginning of a long term project, if you are, for example, preparing to submit a proposal for funding, I think it is a good idea to do a pilot trip first. To contact the community and to make sure that the community are available and open to it. This I think is very important. Not that I've ever had any such issues, I never had any problem like this, but when I started my fieldwork in Diu I did take a risk because I set up the whole project before I'd even gone there. So that risk creates a bit of anxiety.
MTB: Yeah, yeah.
Hugo Cardoso: And if it doesn't work it could be a problem. So, if possible you should do a pilot trip first.
MTB: Yeah definitely, that's good advice. Ok, well thank you so much, Hugo.
Hugo Cardoso: My pleasure.
MTB: I really appreciate it so much for taking time out of your schedule. Can you tell us where our listeners can learn more about the work that you are doing? For example, they can visit your data in ELAR perhaps?
Hugo Cardoso: Right, so for this project on Sri Lanka, the materials are deposited in ELAR, Endangered Languages Archive. So, if you go there and you search for "documentation of Sri Lanka Portuguese", which is the official title of the project, then you will get our collection. To get access to the other materials that I've been producing and from the other field sites, you can search for me on my research centre which is the Centre for Linguistics of the University of Lisbon. On their website there are links to everything else.
MTB: Great and I will include those links in the show notes as well.
Hugo Cardoso: Perfect.
MTB: Thank you so much.
Hugo Cardoso: Thank you.
You've been listening to field notes, a podcast about linguistic fieldwork. This podcast is hosted and produced by Martha Tsutsui Billins with production help from Laura Tsutsui. Our music is by Lobo Loco and our logo is by E.Vill Designs. If you have a question or a fieldwork experience to share, you can email us at fieldnotespod@gmail.com. You can also follow us on Twitter and Instagram @lingfieldnotes. If you've enjoyed this episode, please leave us an Apple Podcast review. Thanks for listening!
[Outro music]


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