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Private Security Industry Regulation Amendment Bill: PSIRA costing of Bill & response to submissions
Chairperson: Ms A van Wyk (ANC)
The Private Security Industry Regulatory Authority (PSIRA) presented its cost estimates for the implementation of the Private Security Industry Regulation Amendment Bill. The four areas that required cost estimates were:
▪ the renewal of the registration process to register and reclassify security officers and companies,
▪ capacity building to expand the number of law enforcement units and prosecutors available,
▪ expanding the national footprint to ensure each province had service delivery points, and
▪ capital expenditure to supply units with equipment and vehicles.
Each of these areas was detailed with exact costs and number of new personnel needed. Expenditure was broken down by economic classification into compensation for employees, lease payments and goods and services and project expenditure for the renewal of registrations. The time periods for the renewal of registration processes were given with separate processes for security officers and security businesses. The cost implementation of the Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) process was detailed with it involving many different costs including application, system development and customisation, testing, implementation and training, project management, hardware and business process alignment costs. The Committee did not accept the cost estimates for the implementation of the Bill and indicated that PSIRA would have to present it again after meeting with different departments. Members questioned why the cost of implementation was so high, particularly the ERP system and office furniture and questioned if the processes were the most cost effective. Members asked why PSIRA had not consulted other governmental departments which could have helped them with the process. Members questioned the capacity of PSIRA to be able to implement the Bill.
PSIRA presented its responses to comments on the Private Security Industry Regulation Amendment Bill. It attempted to respond to each submission and the issues it raised. Members felt that its responses seemed dismissive, lacked respect and showed that it was not ready to implement the Bill. One Member said: "The Bill is an embarrassment, it contradicts itself and it contradicts the Constitution and flouts international treaties. Why is the Committee continuing with this farce?" The Committee unanimously agreed that PSIRA would have to start from the beginning and redraft the Bill with the help of government departments.
Acting Chairperson's Opening Remarks
The Acting Chairperson asked the Civilian Secretary of Police, Ms Jenni Irish-Qhobosheane, if she and her technical team had set up meetings in accordance with the requests from the previous meeting and when they would be taking place.
Ms Irish-Qhobosheane said that the team was meeting with Home Affairs today at lunchtime when this Committee broke, the meeting with the Department of Trade and Industry would be on Friday and the meeting with the Treasury was on Saturday morning.
The Acting Chairperson said that after these meetings, the Committee expected the technical team to sit and start making amendments if the meetings required amendments to be made and to have the outcomes in writing ready for the Committee next week and the suggested proposals around the three different areas.
PSIRA Cost Implementation Estimations for Private Security Industry Regulation Amendment Bill
Mr Nick Ligege, PSIRA Chief Financial Officer, presented its estimations for the cost implementation of the Bill. The cost of implementation took into account the renewal of registrations, in order to give effect to Clause 9 and Clause 11 of the Bill which dealt with the limitation of foreign ownership and control; capacity building in the law enforcement and compliance functions; expanding the national footprint by establishing provincial offices is the North-West, Free State and the Northern Cape; the design and implementation of an Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) software and capital expenditure estimates with respect to the procurement of business tools such as vehicles. After its implementation, a registration renewal process would be required of both security officers and security service providers. Section 2 of the principal Act said the Minister may prescribe procedures and principles for periodic applications for renewal of registrations by registered security service providers, and conditions and requirements for the granting of such applications. PSIRA would use this to call for renewals and get information relating to shareholdings and whether people were citizens to have the necessary data to enforce the clauses. Capacity building, expanding the national footprint and capital expenditure would flow from the implementation of clauses 9 and 11.
He explained that PSIRA worked with a baseline expenditure figure, implementation expenditure figure and a total revenue figure that included annual fees from security officers and companies. The total expenditure was R173 million in the first year of implementation rising to R179 million in the second year, R188 million in the third and R205 million in the final year. The four programmes that contributed towards expenditure were law enforcement, finance and administration, communications and training and corporate services. Revenue figures included annual fees from security officers and companies as well as training income, registration fees and other sundry income. There was also an annual surplus which had been budgeted for to ensure positive balances on an actual basis. These were R4.9million in the first year, R1.8 million in the second and R1.5 in the third. It always kept a two-to-one ratio of what it owed in terms of current liabilities.
The Acting Chairperson noted that there were differences in the amounts of state funding required from the expenditure and asked why it was different.
Mr Ligege said that there were small changes in the figures from PSIRA's previous presentation as an infrastructure assessment had meant some expenditure figures had increased. There was an omission in the previous presentation not a mistake. Expenditure was also broken down by economic classification into compensation to employees, lease payments and goods and services and project expenditure for the renewal of registrations. The renewal of registrations had been taken out so that the Committee could see its cost, which was R50.2 million. Businesses would contribute the majority of revenue, with other revenue coming from security officers. The consolidated budget was compared to the baseline expenditure with the expenditure from the Bill (see document for full details).
Mr Ligege said that the implementation process was envisaged to take 24 months from when the Bill would be first put into operation. As of October 2012, PSIRA had 2.1 million registered security officers and 27 450 registered security businesses. Therefore due to the large number of renewals that would need to be undertaken, the period would be 24 months. Two approaches were looked at for the renewal of registration process. Firstly, registration would lapse on the month of birth of a security officer or secondly, it would lapse on the month which the security officer registered in the past. PSIRA wanted to spread out the registrations and avoid large influxes in particular months. The benefit of this renewal process was that it gave PSIRA an opportunity to classify security service providers and value the levies in terms of these different classifications. It would also improve the operational efficiencies with respect to monitoring and controlling the criminality of the industry, for instance biometric systems could be used for the fingerprint checking process.
He said that assuming that the Bill would be implemented in 2013, PSIRA would begin registration renewal of security officers in April 2014, with expected completion in September 2015. This period was longer than twelve months to provide for a grace period. PSIRA would then have an updated database of security officers. Business registration renewals would begin in April 2015 with the process set to be completed in March 2016. Although the database listed 27 450 businesses, currently there were 9 717 that said to PSIRA that they were actively operating. The active businesses were the ones that PSIRA dealt with on a monthly basis. The renewal process would allow it to pick up more businesses. On the assumption that fifty percent of security officers and business would respond, the estimated number of renewals of security officers was 1 056 318 and the number of businesses was 13 725. Currently, approximately 450 000 security officers were actively operating in the industry. The estimated costs for this project (which included registration personnel, software, additional inspectors and vehicles) were approximately R50 million in the first year, and R24.2 million in the second. The breakdown of this cost included issuing of cards, certificates, the criminal record verification process, travel and accommodation.
Mr Ligege said that capacity building was important because of a current lack of capacity. The ratio of inspectors to security officers was very high with approximately one inspector to 10 000 security officers, not including unregistered officers. Consequentially, very few businesses were able to be inspected annually, which increased the risk of non-compliance, exploitation of labour and criminality in the industry. The Bill proposed adding 126 inspectors over the three year period with 47 inspectors to be added in 2014/15, 41 in 2015/16 and 38 in 2016/17. The increase in inspectors would increase the number of non-compliance cases picked up, which would lead to investigative inquiries and therefore 17 additional prosecutors would also be added. The cost of compensation per programme was explained with these additional staff being included per year in addition to new support staff for new offices. The average cost was approximately R226 000 in the first year rising to R273 000 and R307 000 over the outer years.
He said that in the finance and administration department, 27 people would have to be added. Some of these people were in IT, some in finance and some in revenue collection. The average cost was approximately R220 000 in the first year rising to R238 000 and R257 000 in the following years. As the list was big, PSIRA would provide the Committee with a separate list detailing exactly what positions these 27 people would fill and how much they would earn.
The communications and training department required additional staff to drive the communication of the registration renewal process. The average cost was approximately R297 000 rising to R336 000. Corporate services involved human resources personnel, which required an increase in line with the increase of other staff numbers. There were four new people required in this area.
The expansion of the national footprint involved additional offices being created in the North-West, Free State and the Northern Cape, where there were currently no offices. Offices in Limpopo and Mpumalanga needed to be capacitated, as they did not currently offer fully fledged services and did not have the capacity to effectively perform these required services. Currently, these two offices only offered registration and had no inspectors and could not deal with complaints. This process would begin in September 2013 and be ready by March 2014. The costs of renting per province were given, using an estimate of R80 square metre. Offices ranged between 1500 and 2000 square metres. Rental costs were R6.5 million in the first year rising to R9.4 million in the last year.
Mr Ligege said that the majority of capital expenditure came from purchasing motor vehicles and the design and implementation of the ERP software. Motor vehicles would cost approximately R6.2 million in 2013/14 which meant buying 29 vehicles. This would result in having one vehicle for two inspectors. Additional vehicles would be bought in the following years according to the number of inspectors in operation. Additional expenses came from IT infrastructure, computer hardware, office equipment and office furniture which itself would cost approximately R3.5 million. The total capital expenditure was approximately R21,8 million in the first year, R21.3 million in the second year and R11 million in the third. The numbers may look large, but needed to be, given the large headcount.
He explained the costs of the ERP software development and implementation in detail. PSIRA was currently doing business process reengineering to have a good architecture of how processes must flow from registration to finance and other areas. This process would form how the ERP would look. PSIRA had looked at different companies and systems before taking the averages of the proposed costs. The projected cost was approximately R7 million. There were many different costs involved including application, system development and customisation, testing, implementation and training, project management, hardware and business process alignment costs. The license costs were not included. When the business process reengineering was complete, it would know the exact costs.
Ms M Molebatsi (ANC) asked why PSIRA needed a surplus and why there was huge fluctuation between years.
Mr Ligege said that as public entity, PSIRA had prepared its budget on an accrual basis of accounting. The surplus was there to include depreciation and provision for bad debts. It was not a cash surplus. It worked on a ratio of having R2 for every R1 owed. It had to ensure a surplus was available for expenses that were not on the budget.
The Acting Chairperson asked why such expenses were not on the budget.
Mr Ligege said that PSIRA generated income that was not guaranteed. Such provision allowed a surplus as they budgeted for possible bad debt and was needed to monitor expenses and cash flow.
Ms Molebasti asked how PSIRA hoped to control criminality.
Mr Manabela Chauke, CEO of PSIRA, said that when registration took place, fingerprints were supplied and verified with the criminal record centre. The renewal of registration process would assist with picking up corruption and criminals.
Mr Ligege said that the renewal process included enhancing encryption through this process. The cost would be R15 per card and R48.45 for each verification process for potential criminals.
Ms Molebatsi said that PSIRA had said that some companies only said that they were active and asked whether PSIRA thought they were active.
Ms D Sibisi (ANC) asked how PSIRA kept a record of retired or deceased officers if the company was not registered.
Mr Chauke said that the current database showed if officers and businesses were registered and operating. Their status would be changed through processes including checks and inspections.
Ms Molebatsi asked PSIRA to explain the rental costs and the huge costs for office furniture.
Mr Ligege said the rental costs were paid per province and the furniture costs included customer units, front offices and cashiers.
Ms Molebatsi asked why the buying of software costs was so high at R7 million. She asked if PSIRA had other software that it used currently and if it needed new software.
Mr Chauke said that the ERP referred to the database of security officers. PSIRA currently had one but it had many shortcomings as it was built without the financial basing in terms of officers being billed. The two systems were completely separate and the old one did not support case management and one had to manually link the law enforcement department and the legal services department. Business processes were also not linked to the current system and PSIRA had looked into whether it could be enhanced and customised. However, PSIRA was advised that costs to do so would be higher than a new ERP as it was not able to integrate many new features. The new system would cater for classifications, foreign-owned companies and other features that were needed.
Mr G Lekgetho (ANC) asked how PSIRA planned to overcome the large ratio of inspectors to officers and businesses in the long run if the security industry was growing so rapidly.
Mr Lekgetho asked if the 29 new vehicles were going to be subsidised to each employee or if a pool system would be used as he felt that the pool system could be abused.
Mr Ligege said that PSIRA would use a pool system for the vehicles.
Mr M George (COPE) asked how PSIRA expected the Bill to pass if the business process reengineering was incomplete and why it did not address these issues before the Bill was proposed. The report mentioned that PSIRA was not ready to implement the Bill because of a lack of capacity.
Mr Ligege said that PSIRA had started the process in this financial year and had planned in advance to be ready for the ERP.
Mr George asked how it would affect PSIRA's daily operations if the registration renewal process took 24 months. He asked why PSIRA was questioning the Committee. PSIRA was showing disrespect to the Committee if it showed disrespect to the Acting Chairperson.
Ms D Kohler-Barnard (DA) said that the private security industry said that PSIRA was dysfunctional. She was shocked that it still could not answer who had helped it to draft the Bill and asked how PSIRA would have the capacity to operate under the new legislation if it did not have for the current legislation.
Mr V Ndlovu (IFP) asked how the Committee could pass the Bill if there was not a proper custodian to take it through at the end and implement it.
The Acting Chairperson said that PSIRA's meeting with the Treasury would help clear matters up. PSIRA lacked understanding of the budget process, as it said needed to ask for State funding for the 2013/14 year of R28 million, but that budget process had passed. Departments had already received their budgets and PSIRA had missed this deadline. The motivation from PSIRA that if it did not get the money, it would not be able to implement sections 9 and 11 was wrong as Treasury would not respond to such a threat.
The Acting Chairperson asked why the Levies Act had not been implemented before as it would have covered many of the issues raised.
Mr Chauke said that he did not have an answer. It was not operational when the current board arrived and PSIRA had since then attempted to put it into operation itself.
Mr George asked if it was because of the manner of the law in the Act, that it was not operational.
Mr Chauke said that this was not a legal issue and that there were financial conflicts and category and classification issues.
The Acting Chairperson asked if the legal challenge on levies being charged was the reason that the Levies Act had not yet been implemented.
Mr Chauke said that this was not reason, as the charge was because of a lack of consultation. The previous PSIRA Act allowed it to review the fees, so the court charges did not relate to the Levies Act.
The Acting Chairperson said that if it was not a legal issue, it should have been sorted out by PSIRA.
Mr Ligege said that the implementation of the Bill would help to make it operational.
The Acting Chairperson asked what type of vehicles PSIRA was buying, if they currently had no vehicles and if it was aware that there was a transversal contract for government to purchase vehicles as the given amounts were too high.
Mr Ligege said that PSIRA was aware of transversal agreements, but not on vehicles and would look into it. It looked at standard 1.6 engine vehicles that were economical. It did not have a current vehicle fleet as inspectors used their own vehicles and claimed money back per kilometre at a rate that was lower than the state rate on 1.6 engine vehicles.
The Acting Chairperson asked what the current rate for security officers and businesses was per year.
Mr Ligege said that it was R154.20 for security officers to register and R84 per year, and businesses had to pay R4 200 to register and R4 250 per year, in addition to R7 per security officer.
The Acting Chairperson asked how PSIRA determined the R74 million process to be the most cost-effective way to register companies and if they had considered other processes that would involve other departments such as SAPS or Home Affairs.
Mr Ligege said that PSIRA had participated with the Department of Science and Technology and looked at biometrics. It was aware of other government entities and had approached Home Affairs to look into registration at post offices to ensure cost-effectiveness. This process also involved costs and it would continue to look at which processes would be most cost effective.
The Chairperson said that this had not been mentioned in the report and that cost-effectiveness plans should have been done before the report was done.
The Acting Chairperson asked how many times a year PSIRA currently inspected businesses and if it currently had any computer equipment.
Mr Ligege said that the laptop and printer costs were only those budgeted for new people.
The Acting Chairperson asked where the estimated savings were after the project had been concluded after the consolidated budgets were given for each year.
The Acting Chairperson asked if there was a tender process regarding the ERP software and if the State Information Technology Agency (SITA) was involved. She said that there was no way that Treasury would fund the ERP with such high costs involved and the Committee could not put pressure on it to fund it.
Mr Chauke said that the estimates were based on quotes and that a tendering process had not yet begun. SITA would be involved at a later stage when implementation would begin.
The Acting Chairperson said that many Members of the Committee were involved in the passing of the Principal Act. The financial calculations were done properly to ensure PSIRA would be funded properly. There was also a strategy to have a reserve fund to rely on and the fund was R3 million a few years back. The presentation said it was now R2 million but not available in cash.
The Acting Chairperson asked why PSIRA was not focusing on its problem companies instead of inspecting ones that complied.
The Acting Chairperson said that PSIRA wanted one vehicle for every two inspectors, but that SAPS detectives were still not on this ratio despite asking for it years ago. There was not a bottomless pit of money available.
The Acting Chairperson noted 27 people were to be appointed to the finance section but the Committee needed to see exactly what positions they were appointing to. She asked about the structure for PSIRA, the levels, numbers and costs per unit.
Mr Ligege said that PSIRA would provide the details of the financial structure to the Committee.
The Acting Chairperson asked the Secretariat of Police how much it paid for furniture for its 40 new offices.
Ms Irish-Qhobosheane said that it paid approximately R230 000 for 40 new offices.
The Acting Chairperson said that the report included office furniture costs of approximately R3.5 million and asked why it was so high and what the priority was on expenditure. She asked how many offices would be covered with this amount.
Mr Ligege said that the furniture was for 121 people and not only for offices, but also for customer units, front offices and cashiers. An expensive portion came from bulk filing units that filled whole rooms.
The Acting Chairperson said that it was ridiculous that each person had an average of R28 000 spent on them on furniture.
The Acting Chairperson asked why PSIRA wanted mobile registration points and why it did not ask Home Affairs who already had such facilities.
She asked who the consultants were for the ERP that cost R1 500 per hour, if PSIRA did not have an IT department, and if it had consulted the Department of Public Service and Administration (DPSA).
Mr Ligege said that there had been no consultations yet as the figures were quotes as no one had been appointed yet. The DPSA had not been consulted.
The Acting Chairperson said that the DPSA needed to sign off on structures and this could take up to a year.
Mr Chauke said that they were in the process of speaking with the DPSA.
Mr Ndlovu said that the DPSA was there to help them and should have been consulted at the beginning of the process, and that PSIRA was working backwards
The Acting Chairperson asked if there any public education plans budgeted to let the industry know how they should register.
Mr Ligege said that there was a communication drive planned that included print media and radio, and was included in the goods and services section of the budget.
The Chairperson said that the Committee was not accepting the cost estimates for implementation of the Bill and that another round of presentations would occur after the technical team had met with Treasury, as well as consultations with other departments.
PSIRA Response to Comments on the Private Security Industry Regulation Amendment Bill
Adv Howard Thwane, PSIRA Legal Services Senior Manager, presented PSIRA's response to public comments on the Bill.
First of all, he provided 17 examples of listed companies that had headquarters in South Africa and operated or had links outside South Africa followed by 9 examples of companies with headquarters outside South Africa but with links in South Africa.
The SSG Operation Risk Services submission commented that there was distrust between PSIRA and the private security industry. PSIRA replied that, historically, members of the industry were part of the Board which proved ineffective due to conflicts of interest and members of the Council should be independent from the industry with no financial interest in those companies. The submission said that PSIRA was dysfunctional and did not effectively communicate with the industry. PSIRA said this statement was false and unsubstantiated, referring to stakeholder agreements, lists of entities consulted in the Memorandum of the Bill and notices on its website. The submission said that the Bill constituted a bar to entry into the industry. PSIRA denies this and said the Bill aimed at regulating foreign ownership in the security interest of South Africa. The submission said that the use of regulations should be minimised. PSIRA said that the industry had to be regulated and that the principle of legality required that there was a statute to regulate. The submission said that security officers' powers should be expanded to arrest, search and seizure. PSIRA said that public and private policing should be distinguished. The submission said that the 'security officer' definition may have resulted in incorporating car guards. PSIRA said that car guards have always been regulated and that the definition included car guarding. The submission said that the 'security service' definition incorporated transporters of security equipment. PSIRA said that this would be revised and the Bill sought to include the protection or safeguarding of cash or other valuables during transportation.
The submission continued that there needed to be specific content on the type of crime prevention partnerships and the Bill did not define the object of the partnership. PSIRA said that the provision aimed at supporting the Civilian Secretariat for Police and SAPS and the role of PSIRA was to promote partnerships, but the clause would be revised in accordance with the submissions to strengthen it. The submission said the Minister had unfettered powers to prescribe which was in conflict with section 23 of the Constitution. PSIRA said that the Minister's power was not unfettered as he or she was guided by clause 11(g) of the Bill and the guidelines were that good cause must be shown, and grounds must not be in conflict with the purpose of the Act and the objects of the Authority. The submission said that the limitation of foreign ownership and control was unjustifiable. PSIRA said that it was justifiable in accordance with the security interests of South Africa, as security interests were paramount to incoming foreign investments. Foreign companies did not have vested interests in security as they were motivated by maximising profits and any investment that could make South Africa vulnerable must be guarded against in a proactive manner. However, limitations were tempered by the right to apply for exemptions to the Minister and this was not the first time a state had sought to regulate foreign ownership with countries such as the USA, Botswana and Nigeria having done so.
The Locksmiths Association of South Africa submission said that the definition of a 'locksmith' was incorrect as it excluded key cutters. PSIRA said that the definition of a locksmith did not include key cutters, however key cutting would be included as a security service and would require registration.
The African Policing Civilian Oversight Forum submission said that the Bill had an oversight deficit in relation to the conduct of private security officers. PSIRA said that oversight was provided for in the Code of Conduct and that private security officers did not have any powers over and above what ordinary citizens had. The submission said that PSIRA could not criminally prosecute cases. PSIRA said that the mandate to institute criminal proceedings rested with the National Prosecuting Authority. The submission said that PSIRA lacked the capacity in conducting inspections and investigations. PSIRA said that this was incorrect as its Annual Report showed that they did have the capacity. The submission said that regulating security services outside South Africa confused the functions between PSIRA and SAPS. PSIRA said that Section 39 of the Principal Act allowed for the extra-territorial application of the Act.
The Salus Protection Services submission also said that regulating security services outside South Africa confused the functions between PSIRA and SAPS. PSIRA had dealt with this issue.
The South African Intruder Detection Services Association submission said that the object of the crime prevention partnership was not defined. PSIRA had addressed this issue. The submission asked who funded the private security involved in crime prevention partnerships. PSIRA said that it envisaged no funding being involved and that the Authority's mandate was to promote, but that the recommendation would be considered to better the application of the cause. The submission said that the Act was not clear if the partnerships were compulsory or voluntary. PSIRA said that the aim was to promote and not impose obligations. It created a basis upon which PSIRA could initiate or facilitate necessary programs. The submission said that the PSIRA director should have delegated his or her power and duties to a suitable and experienced person. PSIRA said that the aim was to provide for delegations of powers subject to approval by the Council. The submission said that the proposed amendment of section 25(5)(b) was contrary to the Constitution and the Promotion of Administrative Justice Act. PSIRA said that administrative justice was catered for in section 5(3) of the Principal Act.
The Control Risk SA submission said that Clause 9 violated the property rights of companies and was in violation with Section 25 of the Constitution. PSIRA said that the use of the word 'expropriation' was misplaced and misleading and that the right to property was subject to the Constitution's limitation clause and it was in line with a legitimate government purpose. The submission said that Clause 9 read together with Clause 11 in effect required that 100% ownership must be controlled by South African citizens. PSIRA said that this was inaccurate as there was a provision for exemption by the Minister in each of the referred clauses. The submission said that the discretion afforded to the Minister was too vague. PSIRA said that this was incorrect as Clause 11(g) of the Bill provided a clear guideline on what exemptions may be granted. The submission said that Clause 9 would violate the SA-UK BIT (bilateral investment treaty). PSIRA said that the aim of the Bill was not to violate any international treaty and if there was any contradiction with treaties, the exemption process would be used. The submission said that the clause would have implications for a range of international companies especially in the electronic and IT industry. PSIRA said that the definition of a 'security service' did not include the manufacturing of security equipment except for those classified under section 1 of the Interception and Monitoring Prohibition Act, 1992 and the Regulation of Interception of Communication and Provision of Communication-related Information Act, 2002. It said that the Bill would not affect the manufacturing of Playstations. The submission said that there would be a loss of skills, capacity and would result in technical support gaps. PSIRA said that this was unfounded as South Africans were exporting security services beyond the country and the exemption could allow up to 100% ownership. The submission said that there was no transitional provision in Clause 11. PSIRA said that legal drafters were attending to this in order to allow for a transitional provision to be included under Clause 11.
The Security Industry Alliance submission said that there was no engagement with the industry during the drafting of the Bill. PSIRA said that there was a list of industry associations consulted in the Memorandum of the Bill. The submission said that the definition of 'security service' extended to distributors and transportation. PSIRA said this would be revised in accordance with the submission. The submission said valuables must be defined so that they did not conflict with the legislation of the South African Reserve Bank (SARB). PSIRA said that the provision was not intended to be in violation with the SARB and the context within which it was phrased was intended to only cover the protection and safeguarding of such valuables. The submission said that there was no legal basis for precluding a person that is a permanent resident from participating in employment opportunities. PSIRA said that South African citizens and permanent residents did not have the same rights and privileges and Section 22 of the Constitution addressed the question of freedom of trade, occupation and profession. The submission said that Clause 12 may result in possible arbitrary suspensions related to payment of levies. This issue had already been addressed.
The American Chamber of Commerce submission said that all sectors were included in the companies that should comply with the 51% local ownership requirement including manufacturers of electronic equipment. PSIRA said that the Bill did not intend to include all sectors and this had already been addressed. The submission said that the vagueness of the Bill lent itself to different interpretations and the exemptions would have no detail on who would qualify or not. PSIRA said that the provision was clear and had been addressed. The submission said that there was no clarity regarding existing investments. PSIRA said that transitional provisions would be inserted to give clarity. The submission said that it was not clear who would benefit if ownership was sold pursuant to the Bill. PSIRA said that the intention was not to benefit any particular individual and the security interest of South Africa was paramount. The submission said that foreign sources of electronics were cut off by the Bill. PSIRA said this comment had been addressed. The submission said that it was not clear on ownership requirements for companies dealing with IT. PSIRA said that the comment had been addressed and the Bill provided what a 'security service' was and not all companies dealing with IT would be covered. The submission said that the Bill might contravene the provision of WTO General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS). PSIRA said that this provision had been addressed but that GATS provided that member states could take any action it considered necessary for the protection of its essential security interests. The submission said that the Bill presented negative signals for foreign investors. PSIRA said that the security interests of South Africa were paramount to foreign investment and it provided for exemptions to ownership and control. The submission said that the Bill may result in oligopolies, as the number of companies decreases. PSIRA said that this assertion was misleading and South African laws controlled competition and trading in terms of the Competition Act (No 89 of 1998).
ADT Security Limited said that the definition of 'security service' was too broad. PSIRA said this had already been addressed. The submission said that the insertion of paragraph 20(2)(c) was contrary to a commitment that South Africa had to maintain an open environment for investment. PSIRA said that the security interest of South Africa was the primary consideration to any foreign investment. The submission said that there was an absence of percentages to be determined by the Minister. PSIRA said that the Minister may exempt on good cause shown and that the percentage may be between 50% and 100% subject to the Minister's discretion. The submission said that Clause 9's five-year period requirement was too restrictive. PSIRA said that the period was reasonable considering the need to address the security interests of South Africa. The submission said that Clause 9's 51% requirement constituted a forced sale. PSIRA said that South Africa's security interests dictated that ownership be limited. The submission said the discretion of the Minister to exempt did not support fair treatment of industry participants. PSIRA said that this was inaccurate and application for exemptions would be dealt with on a case-by-case basis. The submission said that the Bill would violate GATS. This had already been addressed. The submission said that the Bill would violate European Union and South African trade agreements. This had already been addressed. The submission said that the Bill would violate the Bilateral Trade Agreement between the UK and South Africa. This comment had already been addressed. The submission said that the discretion given to the Minister should be qualified and all shareholders must be involved in developing guidelines. PSIRA said that it did not propose any amendments relating to the comment but the Committee could look into this suggestion. The submission said that Clause 14 may be impractical given the challenged faced by the Central Firearms Register. PSIRA noted the submission and welcomed any revisions that could strengthen the cause. The submission said that Clause 15 of the Bill did not specify the information required and the prescribed limits. PSIRA said that this was inaccurate as the information was specified in the clause. The submission said that Clause 15 of the Bill added an additional administrative burden to the industry. PSIRA said that the nature of regulation required monitoring.
The Gun Free South Africa submission said that regulations must specify the information to be included in the quarterly reports provided to the Minister. PSIRA said that this recommendation was welcome and will be factored into the regulations giving effect to the Bill. The submission said that the Act and regulations should spell out the exact responsibilities of PSIRA in overseeing the industry. PSIRA said the Act stated clearly what its mandate was in section 4 of the Principal Act. The submission said that a body to oversee PSIRA must be established. PSIRA said that the reporting mechanism was clearly provided in the Principal Act and had a number of oversight bodies. The submission said that the contents of the Annual Report must be spelled out and the additional information in line with recommendations for the quarterly reports. PSIRA welcomed this recommendation and would implement it. The submission said that the Firearms Control Act should be specifically listed in the schedule and Clause 18 must be expanded to include the Firearms Control Act. PSIRA said that this recommendation was welcomed and would be implemented accordingly. The submission said that PSIRA must be responsible to reporting information on the keeping of firearms by private security officers both in the quarterly and annual reports. PSIRA welcomed this recommendation and would implement it. The submission said that the client-level responsibility must be included in the Act. PSIRA said that it was catered for by section 38(g) of the Principal Act and that responsibility of security service providers are catered for by the Code of Conduct. It would welcome any proposals to strengthen the provision. The submission said that the Act and the regulations must be aligned with the Firearms Control Act regulations. PSIRA said that the Act was aligned with the Firearms Control Act. The submission said that training practices and qualifications needed to be aligned and standardised. PSIRA said that they had already been aligned with the National Qualifications Framework (NQF). The submission said that there should be an increase in monitoring of policing functions undertaken by private security companies. PSIRA welcomed the submission and would consider it.
The Safer South Africa Foundation First submission said that Clause 2 on crime prevention partnerships must be amended to ensure that it was not open to a number of interpretations. PSIRA said that this submission was welcomed. The submission said that there should be accreditation of private security organisations whose operatives provided policing type function in public places. PSIRA said that the industry had not matured enough to provide policing type functions and the idea was not to blur the existing lines between public and private policing.
Ms Molebatsi took over as Acting Chairperson in Ms van Wyk's absence.
Mr George said he was not sure if he should ask questions. The responses indicated that PSIRA did not take the presentations seriously. The answers seemed dismissive and excluded the main arguments from submissions. Its response to the submission that said that there was distrust between PSIRA and the industry deviated away from issues where they said they would take PSIRA to court. PSIRA denied that it was dysfunctional but it was clear that it was. PSIRA had demonstrated beyond reasonable doubt that it was not ready. It still argued about who drafted the Bill. It said it did not care about foreign investment and was only concerned with national security. They should join the Defence Force if that was the case. There was no such thing as a national threat in South Africa from foreign owned companies and PSIRA should have used a better term for this. The answers given by PSIRA's members did not give the impression that they applied their minds to what they said and seemed very dismissive.
Mr Chauke said that the submission said that there was distrust because of a lack of communication and because it did not have a say on the Council and PSIRA not communicating with them. The answer that PSRIA provided was that previously the industry was represented on a board, before there was a policy change due to the fact people who were sitting on the board had companies in the industry itself. Therefore, it would not have been fair to other players because of conflicts of interest. The Principal Act made provisions to enhance independence.
Ms Kohler-Barnard said that the Committee had agreed unanimously that PSIRA needed to start again and was unsure why it was going through the presentation. Its responses were embarrassing and included petty sarcasm and unprofessionalism towards a highly respected lawyer that represented an international firm. Important points that were brought up were swept aside as irrelevant. It was xenophobic to say that permanent residents were a national threat and it contradicted the Constitution. She asked why they were allowed into the country if they were a national threat. They were brought here because they had skills to give to the country. PSIRA needed to go back to the beginning and get the Bill redrafted. The Bill was an embarrassment, it contradicted itself and she believed it contradicted the Constitution and flouted international treaties. She asked why the Committee was continuing with this farce.
The Acting Chairperson said that the Committee had agreed unanimously that PSIRA had to start again but it also agreed to hear PSIRA's responses so that it knew exactly what it needed to go and correct.
Mr George said that PSIRA had listed companies that had headquarters in South Africa and companies that had headquarters outside of South Africa. He asked what it was trying to say in terms of ownership, what the differences were between the two and how they would be affected.
Mr Chauke said that the difference between companies was that one list showed companies that operated outside the country and one showed foreign companies with headquarters inside the country. The Act sought to regulate companies operating outside, so it wanted to show examples of which countries would be regulated that had headquarters inside South Africa and operated outside.
Mr George asks if PSIRA would like international countries to not operate in South Africa.
Mr Chauke said the list demonstrated that there were countries operating outside South Africa and foreign companies operating in South Africa and PSIRA did not say it did not want them to operate in South Africa.
Mr George asked how PSIRA would deal with companies that did not operate in South Africa but had headquarters in the country and foreign companies who operated in South Africa.
Ms Molebatsi asked who determined the security interests of SA.
Mr Chauke said that he did not have the answer to who determined security interests.
Ms Sibiya said the Committee had said that it was not satisfied with PSIRA's response but it was continuing to ask questions and asked if it could adjourn.
The Acting Chairperson asked PSIRA to attend all the issues asked of them before the next meeting.
PC Police: Private Security Industry Regulation Amendment Bill [B27-2012]: Committee Deliberations am
PC Police: Private Security Industry Regulation Amendment Bill [B27-2012]: Committee Deliberations pm
PSIRA Response to Comments on Private Security Industry Regulation Amendment Bill
B27-2012 - Private Security Industry Regulation Amendment Bill


We've been busy testing a range of new products for you, including my go-to cheapie facial cleanser, Jennifer Hawkins' favourite skin, hair and nail supplement, and bleach tablets to turn you into a domestic goddess!
We love Dove body lotions so were thrilled to try out their entire range of facial cleansers. The range includes Dove Beauty Moisture Facial Cleanser, Dove Go Fresh Citrus Facial Cleanser, Dove Cleanser and Toner in One, Dove Gentle Exfoliating Facial Cleanser and Dove Fresh Touch Facial Cleanser.
The Go Fresh Citrus Facial Cleanser was my favourite as it left my skin brighter and radiant, while Monique loved the Cleanser and Toner in One for saving time in the morning. The Gentle Exfoliating Facial Cleanser is coming with me when I go on holidays next week – it's the ideal cleanser for travelling.
When we heard that Jennifer Hawkins relies on Bioglan Daily Repair for Hair, Skin and Nails, we had to try it out. "I take Daily Repair Hair, Skin and Nails because it works from the inside out…I wouldn't go without it!" says Jennifer and the proof is in her incredible hair and skin. And let's face it, we could all do with a few extra vitamins and antioxidants.
Usually we review beauty products here but we stumbled upon these new White King Bleach Tablets and had to tell you all about them. I enjoy cleaning as much as the next person (er, I hate it!) but these Bleach Tablets saved me last week when the in-laws popped round with exactly 15 minutes notice. I had to get the bathroom clean so dropped a tablet into the toilet and a few minutes later it was sparkling.
I then tested out the tablets giving the balcony a scrub after a pigeon left me a lovely surprise. I let a tablet dissolve in some hot water and then scrubbed the tiles clean. The mess came off easily and the balcony has never looked better!
The tablets work just like liquid bleach so I've been adding a tablet to the washing machine. It's so much easier (and mess-free!) cleaning with a tablet instead of liquid bleach. I really love the fresh Eucalyptus scent (it comes in Regular and Lemon as well).


text:
Bay St. Louis community comes together to honor fallen officers
Jazell Ladner,
Local businesses and the community are coming together to show appreciation for Sgt. Steven Robin and Officer Brandon Estorffe.
Bay St. Louis Police Department had visitors throughout the day laying flowers and signs near a police car in front of their building as a way to show their respect to the two officers who were killed in the line of duty on Wednesday.
Diamondhead resident Anthony Depreo tells News 25 that to show his respect for the fallen officers, he is making car decals to be distributed along the Gulf Coast. This is his second time making them for a fallen officer.
The stickers are free and available at Diaz Brother's Printing in Diamondhead. Depreo said, "I think everyone should try to do something whether it's small like stickers or donating to their families or bringing flowers to the police department. Anything you can do to help honor and remember these men, it needs to be done."
As the community continues to mourn, some businesses try to keep their memory alive. Chris Cockran with S&L Office Supplies and Printing said, "We are collecting donations trying to make an easy access point for people to come by and give donations which we pass along 100 percent to the family of the fallen officers."
S&L Office Supplies is making yard signs with the names of the fallen officers. For anyone who makes a $10 or more donation to buy a yard sign will also get a free one. "I knew these officers somewhat. They responded to our needs in the evenings. We get a lot of traffic on this road. It's just a tragedy. So, we're just doing what we can."
The Southern Mississippi Planning and Development District has an account to accept donations for the fallen officers. Those wishing to make a donation to the families may mail or hand deliver donations to their office.
Checks are to be made payable to Southern Mississippi Planning and Development District and designate the fallen officer fund in the memo line of the check.
For those wishing to donate online go to smpdd.com.
Categories: Featured, Local News, News
Tags: Bay St. Louis, Officer Brandon Estorffe, Sgt. Steven Robin

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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text:
This is why you shouldn't put a lock on an ofo bike
One cyclist is in for a shock when they go to pick up their ofo bike
Bike sharing scheme ofo has warned customers locking up their bikes will see you locked out.
It comes after one rider put a private lock on their ofo bike, marshals clamped the bike by putting their own lock on.
Ofo say it was done to retain the spirit of the shared use aspect of the scheme.
All the things that can get you banned from ofo
A spokesperson for ofo said: "Our bikes are for shared use, so if someone uses a private lock then first and foremost we would send a marshal down, but we are generally happy with how things are going in Cambridge."
Cambridge lorry driver claims 'Ofo bikes are being dumped all around the city'
Putting a lock on your ofo bike will leave you bikeless (Image: Twitter @RTaylorUK)
The vibrant yellow bikes have popped up all over Cambridge since their launch, but have often received negative attention for being 'dumped' in the city.
Instead of requiring people to dock their bikes at a shared station, the ofo cycles don't need to be locked down. Cyclists find one with an app and simply leave it in a public place when they are done.
Readers want tougher sentences for dangerous cycling
Ofo were unable to comment on whether or not the private lock had been removed by the marshal or if any sanctions were imposed on the user.
Ofo says it can 'help solve' Cambridge's traffic woes as it unveils new bike
However ofo operations director Joseph Seal-Driver said there were general policies for 'privatising' a bike in this way.
He said: "What we do first is contact the customer, then what we do is go and put another lock and then give the customer a 12 hour grace period to remove their lock.
"Then we come back with two marshals and remove the other lock.
"These are community bikes used by everyone, these instances don't happen very often."
You can keep up to date with all the latest news in and around Cambridge by downloading our free app. It is available for the iPhone and iPad from Apple's App Store, or the Android version can be downloaded from Google Play.


text:
Q: How to avoid MySQL connection timeout errors with EclipseLink? MySQL closes a connection after a certain time if nothing happens (8 hours by default). The time can be influenced by the  wait_timeout variable in the configuration.
I have an Eclipse RCP application where I use EclipseLink as persistence framework and I get an error when the client exceeds the timeout:
    Caused by: com.mysql.jdbc.exceptions.jdbc4.MySQLNonTransientConnectionException:
       No operations allowed after connection closed.
   at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)
   ...
   at com.mysql.jdbc.Util.handleNewInstance(Util.java:411)
   at com.mysql.jdbc.Util.getInstance(Util.java:386)
       ...
   com.mysql.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.throwConnectionClosedException
   ...
       org.eclipse.persistence.internal.databaseaccess.DatabaseAccessor...

I tried to set autoReconnect/autoReconnectForPools=true but this does not help.
Thanks
EDIT
In my persistence.xml I have the following properties set:
    <property
      name="eclipselink.jdbc.read-connections.max"
      value="10" />
    <property
      name="eclipselink.jdbc.cache-statements"
      value="true" />
    <property
      name="eclipselink.jdbc.read-connections.shared"
      value="true" />

The rest of the configuration is done in the code:
    Map<Object, Object> map = ...
    map.put(PersistenceUnitProperties.JDBC_URL,...);
    map.put(PersistenceUnitProperties.JDBC_USER,...);
    map.put(PersistenceUnitProperties.JDBC_PASSWORD, ...);
    map.put(PersistenceUnitProperties.JDBC_DRIVER,  ...);
    map.put(PersistenceUnitProperties.CLASSLOADER, this.getClass()
            .getClassLoader());
    map.put(PersistenceUnitProperties.TARGET_DATABASE, "MySQL");
    entityManagerFactory = new PersistenceProvider()
            .createEntityManagerFactory("...", map);

A: The easiest way to do this would be to spawn a thread that sends some sort of keepalive or simple query every hour or so.  Here, we would leave a flag so the thread can be shut down on program exit, db change, etc.  If it needs to respond faster to that type of shutdown, you can change the counter in the for loop and the sleep time.
boolean parentKilledMe = false;
while (!parentKilledMe){
    //put query here
    for (int x = 0; x < 360 && !parentKilledMe;x++){
        try{
            Thread.sleep(6000);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            //your error handling here
        }
    }
}

A: EclipseLink should auto reconnect dead connections.  EclipseLink will trap the error, test the connection and if dead reconnect and possibly retry the query (if outside a transaction).
But this depends on what connection pooling you are using, what is your persistence.xml.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
=======
Qt AMIs
=======

Packer builders to create AMIs with Qt environment

+---------------------+
| Ubuntu Qt Community |
+=====================+
| |qt_community|      |
+---------------------+

.. |qt_community| image:: https://img.shields.io/travis/evonove/qt-ci-images/master.svg?style=flat-square
    :target: https://travis-ci.org/evonove/qt-ci-images
    :alt: Build Status

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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text:
Hegemony Rome: The Rise of Caesar announced, to be released Spring 2014
Kalypso Media is pleased to announce that Hegemony Rome: The Rise of Caesar, the historical real-time strategy title from Longbow Digital Arts, will be the first title released on its digital-first label Kasedo Games. Kasedo Games, formerly known as Kobalt Games, will release the game in spring 2014 for $19.99/£24.99/€29.99. Featuring environments based on satellite accurate terrain, famous battles straight from history and a multitude of ways to manage your massive armies, Hegemony Rome: The Rise of Caesar will plunge players into an epic strategy campaign.
Hegemony Rome: The Rise of Caesar takes you to the plains and forests of ancient Gaul where Julius Caesar wages a decade long war to subjugate the barbarian hordes. It will immerse you in history like no other real time strategy game ever before, forcing you to pay close attention to the changing seasons and rapidly changing military situations.
Features of Hegemony Rome: The Rise of Caesar
Direct from the hand of Caesar – Four campaigns follow the conquests of Julius Caesar as he wrote them in Commentarii de Bello Gallico. Bridge the Rhine, invade Britannia and conquer the Gauls in over 100 objectives or choose from over 20 factions in the epic sandbox mode.
All new map – Explore over one million square kilometers that are seamlessly zoom-able, from the Mediterranean coast to the shores of Britannia.
Improved graphics engine – Hegemony Rome: The Rise of Caesar supports 10x the terrain detail over previous installments and features a diverse and immersive landscape to explore.
Build an empire – The construction system allows players to build forts, walls, and bridges at thousands of sites across the map to cement Roman control over the barbarian kingdoms.
Promote your legions –Players can train officers to augment their unit's skills as well as appoint governors and construct buildings to expand and improve their cities.
Starve your enemies – supply camps and logistics system makes sieges and supply lines more intuitive and more important than ever.


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Stringendo is the official publication of ASTA MD/DC Chapter. Over the years, it has become more than simply a newsletter; we have encouraged our members, plus colleagues and friends of our members to contribute articles. Some articles have been large, others small. Some have universal appeal; others reach out to a specialty niche.


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Difference between revisions of "Halte Amsterdam ArenA"
Template:Infobox station
Halte Amsterdam ArenA (Asdar) is a single rail train halt in the Bijlmermeer neighbourhood of the Amsterdam Zuidoost stadsdeel (borough) of Amsterdam in the Netherlands. Situated right at the Amsterdam ArenA, the station is specially built for supporter trains for football matches which are considered high risk to the public, such as when local football club AFC Ajax face either Feyenoord, FC Utrecht, PSV or ADO Den Haag. In away matches supporters arrive and depart via this rail station. Regular attendants of the Ajax matches usually arrive via either the Duivendrecht railway station or the Amsterdam Bijlmer ArenA railway station. Many away supporters also commonly arrive at the stadium by bus as well.
File:Amsterdam Arena Aerial.jpg
Aerial view, June 2005
Completed in 1996 along with the then newly constructed Amsterdam ArenA, the station has one platform and one track and its train services are operated by the Nederlandse Spoorwegen. The station is specifically designed for supporter trains of away supporters of clubs for matches which are considered a high risk factor such as when Ajax play their arch-rivals Feyenoord, or against teams like FC Groningen for example.
The stop is situated at the connector of Diemen Zuid railway station and Amsterdam Bijlmer ArenA railway station (see diagram in article Amsterdam–Arnhem railway) and consists of a single platform which is connected to the Amsterdam Arena via a steel bridge. The steel bridge of the station won an architecture prize in the city. The location is just as the Stadium, in between the Amsterdam Bijlmer ArenA railway station and the Strandvliet metro station.
The stop is only accessible from the direction of Diemen Zuid. Trains arriving from the direction of Woerden, Utrecht and Breukelen have to first reach the Diemen Zuid station before heading back towards the ArenA.
Template:Commons category
NS website Template:Nl icon
Dutch Public Transport journey planner Template:Nl icon
GVB website Template:Nl icon
Connexxion website Template:Nl icon
ArenA Boulevard (Dutch)
ArenA Boulevard on Wikipedia (Dutch)
Template:Railway stations in North Holland
Retrieved from "http://wiki.rivercruiseinfo.com/index.php?title=Halte_Amsterdam_ArenA&oldid=15017"


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Who Is The Writer Of Got Season 7? (TOP 5 Tips)
Crew. Series creators and executive producers David Benioff and D. B. Weiss serve as showrunners for the seventh season. The directors for the seventh season are Jeremy Podeswa (episodes 1 and 7), Mark Mylod (episodes 2 and 3), Matt Shakman (episodes 4 and 5) and Alan Taylor (episode 6).
Who are the directors of Game of Thrones Season 7?
The directors for the seventh season are Jeremy Podeswa (episodes 1 and 7), Mark Mylod (episodes 2 and 3), Matt Shakman (episodes 4 and 5) and Alan Taylor (episode 6). This marks Taylor's return to the series after an absence since the second season.
Who Wrote season 7 of Game of Thrones?
Writer Dave Hill did take notice of the backlash and promises fans the upcoming final season will not suffer from the same problem. "Thrones'" final season consists of six episodes, four of which will run over 60 minutes and into feature length territory. "You obviously don't want any criticism of any kind," Hill said.
Who Wrote season 7 and 8?
Co-creators David Benioff and D. B. Weiss have said that the seventh and eighth seasons would likely comprise fewer episodes, saying that after the sixth season, they were "down to our final 13 episodes after this season. We're heading into the final lap".
Who Wrote season 8?
For season eight, David Nutter and Miguel Sapochnik, who worked on previous episodes, directed the first five episodes. Benioff and Weiss were credited as both the writers and directors of the show finale "The Iron Throne".
Is season 7 got from book?
There is none. The show is now off book because George R. R. Martin has taken six years to write the sixth book, The Winds of Winter, and still is not done.
You might be interested: Often asked: Define Kenning In Literature?
Is season 7 of got bad?
Season 7. A bad Game of Thrones season is still good TV. The season is notorious for playing loose with time and space. Characters travel to and from Winterfell, Dragonstone, The Wall or King's Landing in a scene or two, when previously such journeys would take at least an episode and often most of a season.
Is there a season 7 episode 8 of Game of Thrones?
Game Of Thrones Season 7 Episode 8 'The Dragon And The Wolf': Review.
Is Got Season 9 coming?
Unfortunately, at this time, there are no plans to revive or reboot Game of Thrones past season 8. And as such, there will be no Game of Thrones season 9. HBO has not said anything about reviving the series.
Why got Season 7 has 7 episodes?
' Season 7 of Game of Thrones had only seven episodes due to less story content remaining, increased production values and the time required to film the episodes involved larger set pieces than in previous seasons.
How many episode is Game of Throne Season 7?
Benioff and Weiss served as main writers and showrunners for the first season. They contributed eight out of ten episodes, including one co-written with Jane Espenson. The two remaining episodes were written by Bryan Cogman and A Song of Ice and Fire author George R. R. Martin.
Why was Game of Thrones rushed?
Game of Thrones creators David Benioff and Dan Weiss came under fire after a disappointing final season. Fans believe that Benioff and Weiss rushed production on the final season of Game of Thrones, just so they could move on to Star Wars, thereby compromising on the quality of GoT.
You might be interested: How A Writer Can Make Reading More Engaging? (Solution)
Is HBO remaking Game of Thrones?
HBO is not going to remake season 8, no way, not ever. No Snyder Cut (Martin Cut?). The only resolution will be if Martin ever finishes his final two books and we see how things were "meant" to play out.
Is Jon Snow Aegon in the books?
She used fire to kill the Khals who planned to rape her or sell her into slavery or both — and gained an army of Dothraki in the process. She burned the ships of the Masters who tried to re-enslave the people she freed. Varys' death in the latest episode may have been hard, but he did in fact plot to usurp the queen.
How old are the Starks in Book 1?
In the first book, Bran is only seven, Arya is nine, and Sansa a mere 11. In the first season of the series, Bran was deemed to be 10 years old, Arya 11, and Sansa 13. Robb Stark and Jon Snow are the same age as one another. In the book, they're both 14.
The Term "history" Comes From What Early Writer?
What Is Historian Writer? (Correct answer)


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Anzac Day Tours 2021
Ephesus Tours
From Kusadasi Port
From Izmir Port
Anzac Day Tours Booking Form
Ephesus Tours Booking Page
Tailored Tour Booking Page
Exciting Istanbul Tour
You will meet Samyeli Travel guide at the Port of Istanbul from where you will start your Private Istanbul Tour.
First monument you will visit is a place from where the Byzantine and Ottoman Empires were ruled Sultan Ahmet Center. After that you will go to the mosque Hagia (St.) Sophia, one of the greatest marvels of architecture which was built in the period of Justinian Empire. From there you will see our other destination to visit, a Blue Mosque, which is consisted of 6 minarets built in the name of Sultan Ahmet.
The next place to visit will be a great Topkapi Palace, a home of the Ottoman sultans in the period from 15th to the 19th century. Spoonmakers diamond, Topkapi dagger, collections of crystals and Chinese porcelain, as well as the robes of the sultans and their families you will have a chance to see from close. Besides, in this place is placed one of the oldest underground cistern with 336 decorated columns in the world which was built in the 6th century, during the Emperor Justinian reign.
We will visit the Grand Bazaar where you will have the opportunity to buy souvenirs and handmade crafts and to feel the spirit of the bargain. Jewelry- silver and gold, leather jackets, carpets made of silk, all of that you will find in the Grand Bazaar. Once the tour is finished you will be returned to the Port of Istanbul.
Price for Istanbul Tour includes:
Pick-up & Drop-off at Port of Istanbul
A/C private transportation
Professional guiding service
Entrance fees*
*Only for a sight in plan
Notice: Topkapi Palace is closed on Tuesday, Hagia Sophia on Monday and Grand Covered Bazaar on Sunday
DURATION: approx 7-8 Hours
You will be met by your guide at the Port of Istanbul where you will begin your Private Istanbul Tour.
First we will visit the "Sultan Ahmet Center", the heart of the "Old City" from where the Byzantine and Ottoman Empires were ruled. Hagia (St.) Sophia, one of the greatest marvels of architecture, constructed as a basilica in the 6th century by Emperor Justinian.
Then we will visit Blue Mosque, facing Hagia Sophia, famous with its blue Iznik tiles and unique with 6 minarets, built in the name of Sultan Ahmet.
Hippodrome, center of sportive (chariot races, athletics) events and political activities of the old city. Obelisk of heodosius, Serpentine Column, German Fountain of Wilhelm II are the monuments decorating Hippodrome.
Topkapı Palace The great palace of the Ottoman sultans from the 15th to the 19th centuries housing an exquisite collection of cyrstal, silver, and Chinese porcelain, robes worn by the sultans and their families, the famous jewels of the Imperial Treasury, miniatures, the Holy Mantle; enshrining relics of the Prophet Mohammed.
Grand Covered Bazaar, Most attractive shopping center and biggest "souk" in the world with nearly 4000 shops selling antiques, jewellery, gold, carpets, leatherware and souvenirs.
Once the tour has finished you will be returned to the Port of Istanbul.
CLOSED = Topkapi Palace on Tuesday and replaced with Underground Cistern, Hagia Sophia on Monday and replaced with Underground Cistern, Grand Covered Bazaar on Sunday.
Tour Included:
Pick up & drop-off at Port of Istanbul,
A/C private transportation,
Professional guide,
Tour Excluded:
Personal Expenses,
Lunch & Drinks,
Any Gratuities for Guide & Driver
Izmir Ephesus Temple Of Artemis
Ancient Wonders North
Copyright © 2021 Samyeli Travel All Rights Reserved | Tourable by Theme Palace


Travel presents many challenges for people with interstitial cystitis (IC), especially those who are severely affected, however, with a little determination, you can take some steps to make travel with IC easier.
Interstitial cystitis (IC) patients need quick access to restrooms. Recognizing this need, the Interstitial Cystitis Association (ICA) created the Restroom Access Card. This plastic wallet card communicates your emergency need for a toilet. The card gives a brief description of IC and explains your need to use of toilet facilities in public places.
Now there is even more help for people with IC and others needing immediate restroom access. State laws mandate restroom access, websites provide online databases, and new products take the worry out of being stranded without a restroom.
State Laws Mandate Restroom Access: After a store manager denied her access to the shop's bathroom, Ally Bain, a Chicago teenager with Crohn's disease, championed the Illinois Restroom Access Act. Also known as Ally's Law, this Act requires businesses to allow people with medical emergencies access to private restrooms if there are three or more employees at the business. The law fines stores $100 if they do not cooperate.
In addition to Illinois, Kentucky, Minnesota, Texas, and Washington require businesses to provide restroom access to those with chronic conditions like IC. Most laws direct you to present a letter from your physician when asking to use a restroom. Similar legislation is pending in other states, including Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, and Tennessee.
In addition to bathroom locations and distances, the sites highlight cleanliness ratings, disability access, diaper-changing stations, and more. These services also continue to expand listings by encouraging users to send suggestions regarding the best restrooms in their towns. You can even access these sites via your mobile device browser because they have Blackberry and iPhone apps.
For car travel, carry a portable potty or bedpan in the car. Some IC patients have even installed portable toilets in vans. Portable female urinals are also useful.
For air travel, arrange ahead of time for an aisle seat near the toilets. Sit on pillows to minimize vibrations. Restrict fluids before and during flight.
Women can wear absorbent pads and men can use a condom catheter while flying or traveling by other modes where access to a restroom is sometimes restricted.
Try not to travel during peak seasons when things are more hectic and unpredictable.
Find out in advance the location of restrooms along your route. Some cities have guidebooks that list them. Check your bookstore.
New airline restrictions may limit your access to airplane restrooms while on the tarmac and up to an hour before landing. Many IC patients report this may be even more of an issue with overseas flights; however, there is also much less flexibility on US flights.
The Air Carrier Access Act prohibits discrimination on the basis of disability in air travel. This Act applies to all US airlines and all flights to and from the US on foreign carriers. However, directives from the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) and Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) override this Act. Security and safety concerns for all passengers may trump disability accommodations.
So, we recommend people with IC be very proactive!
Specific security policies may differ by destination city. Contact the airline ahead of time. Find out the specific policy for your flight about requirements to remain seated. Also find out if there is better access to the bathroom in the back of the plane; if so, you may want to request a seat in the back of the plane.
If scheduling your flight online, look for boxes to indicate that you have a disability and that you need to pre-board because of special seating due to an "invisible" disability.
Immediately after you make the reservation, call the airline. Even if you use an online booking service, call the airline directly. Ask to speak with a Complaint Resolution Officer (CRO). CROs are experts in the rights of individuals with disabilities. Let the CRO know everything that you need assistance with, e.g., storing luggage above your seat, using the restroom more frequently than the norm, special meal options, etc. Ask if they can make a note in the passenger record.
Collect written documentation. Get a letter from your doctor's office that says you have a hidden disabling condition, called interstitial cystitis, which requires frequent trips to the bathroom. Print information about IC from the ICA website, or order copies of the ICA general brochure. Bring multiple copies of the information so that you can pass it out to airline staff and members of the crew, as needed.
Pack your ICA restroom access card and consider wearing a MedicAlert bracelet or necklace. Though neither of these items ensure accommodations will be made, they serve to further educate the crew about the severity of your IC.
Just in case, bring what you need as backup, in case you are not able to get to a restroom for one hour. Given today's world, this is a harsh reality that might be a necessity.
When you get to the airport, notify the gate agent. Give them a copy of your doctor's letter and some information about IC.
When you board the plane, alert the flight attendants. Introduce yourself and let them know about your condition. Give them a copy of your doctor's letter and some information about IC at beginning of the flight. This is a busy time for them so they may not stop and read immediately but you could ask them to review the information during takeoff.
Thank the crew at the end of the flight. Help ensure that airline crews appreciate the severity of IC by thanking them for accommodating you on the flight. If things did not go well, call the airline and report any concerns to a CRO.
Travel safely and let us know how your trip goes. Please post information about your travel experiences on the ICA Facebook page.