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Kalinga Lancers & Delhi Waveriders End 2-2, Keep 4th Semifinal Spot Intriguing
by R K Gupta on February 14, 2015
Delhi Waveriders should have used their match against Kalinga Lancers on Thursday to inch closer to the last semifinal spot. Instead, the defending champions made a heavy weather of the game in the beginning and slipped to a 0-2 deficit within the first 20 minutes. Later, they somehow managed to force a draw against the bottom-placed team in the tournament. The drawn game however has brought some setback for Kalinga Lancers since they have only 11 points from 8 matches. From 7 matches, Delhi Waveriders have 17 points while Dabang Mumbai have 12. The system of allotting points in the Hero Hockey India League is such that theoretically Kalinga Lancers can still make it to the semis if they win both of their remaining matches and Delhi and Mumbai suffer more setbacks. In any case, the fight for the last semifinal spot is not over yet and any one of the three teams can lay their claim. On Thursday, playing on their home turf of the Kalinga Stadium at Bhubaneswar, the hosts surrendered the early advantage as some heroic efforts from Delhi brought the match to a 2-2 draw in the end.
The first quarter began with Delhi making a spirited attack on the KL goal but Yuvraj Walmiki fumbled in the D after running smartly all the way. Next minute, it was KL's Lucas Vila, who literally emulated Walmiki's feat but he didn't falter as he fired the first goal for his side's 3rd minute 1-0 lead. Spurred by the early strike, KL began dominating with more raids on DW's goal area but goalkeeper Nicolas Jacobi foiled most such attempts by KL forwards with his superbly athletic performance and perfect saves. The first quarter ended 1-0 in home team's favor. In the second quarter, the pace of the game continued at an upper keel and KL came up with another goal in the 20th minute, when Vikas Sharma doubled KL's tally to 2-0. The two-goal deficit pushed Delhi on the back-foot as the reigning champions struggled to find their form. The KL team, however, came up with a commendable effort after six consecutive losses. Summoning up all their reserves, DW forced a penalty corner in the 27th minute and succeeded in reducing the deficit to 2-1 through a clean drag flick by Andrew Hayward. The teams switched ends at halftime with KL still leading 2-1.
In the third quarter, KL were seen intent in fortifying their defense as DW went all out to secure the much-needed equalizer. It was the Lancers, who won a penalty corner with six minutes remaining in the quarter but they couldn't convert the chance. The teams marched into the last quarter at the same score of 2-1. The last 15 minutes of the match were action-packed as DW faced defeat from the tournament's weakest team. There were attacks from both sides and Delhi earned two penalty corners but both chances could not be converted. As the game neared the end it looked as if KL could emerge the winner but two minutes from the buzzer, DW's Talwinder Singh suddenly sneaked into the KL D and managed to deflect the ball to the goal and made it 2-2 in the match.
The contest for the fourth semifinal spot continues and Kalinga Lancers, Delhi Waveriders and Dabang Mumbai are still in the fray. From now onwards, they need to play their remaining matches to their full potential and sense of purpose to join Jaypee Punjab Warriors, Ranchi Rays and UP Wizards in the semifinals.


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About 100 abstracts of international arbitral awards issued in the field of distribution, by national and international arbitral institutions are available in this section.
A detailed keyword search tool will help you go through the uploaded documents.
- Any -Commercial Agency
-Year1966196719681969197019711972197319741975197619771978197919801981198219831984198519861987198819891990199119921993199419951996199719981999200020012002200320042005200620072008200920102011201220132014201520162017201820192020
Users without a membership can only view Case No. 2626/1977.
If you would like to sign in please click here.
Case No. 2626 - Date 1977
Institution/Seat
ICC Arbitration (seat Essen - Germany)
An agency agreement was signed by a German Principal and an Italian Agent, a company which, at the time of conclusion of the contract, was a limited liability company and was then changed into a stock company.
laimant initiated the arbitral procedures against the stock company, which objected that the arbitration clause had been accepted by an entity (the limited liability company) different from the present defendant in the arbitration procedure. The arbitrator stated that there was a juridical succession between the two companies, meaning that the stock company had to be considered as the successor of the limited liability company and therefore the arbitration clause was exceptionable towards the defendant.
he second issue concerned jurisdiction. The parties, in the arbitration clause, decided to submit the dispute to the ICC in Geneva, but they chose Essen, in Germany, as seat of arbitration; since the seat of the ICC is in Paris, Respondent alleged that the parties did not reach any agreement over the competence of the ICC. The arbitrator stated that the uncorrected choice of the seat of arbitration did not modify the will of the parties, who clearly expressed the intention to submit the dispute to an ICC arbitration, whatever was the seat of it.
he last issue examined by the arbitrator was the admissibility of the Claimant's claims (the Respondent alleged that they were late) and of the counterclaims of the Respondent (they were presented after the beginning of the arbitral proceedings). Regarding the claims, the arbitrator stated that no time limit is set by the ICC Rules and therefore they were admissible. Regarding the counterclaims the decision was against their admissibility because they were not presented in the terms of reference and were therefore considered too late to be taken into consideration in the procedure.
German Principal (Claimant) v. Italian Agent (Respondent)
German Law
an IDI
Access to all file & documents

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
/ Cory Doctorow / 7:36 am Sat Jan 11, 2020
Departing Kotaku writers post a farewell message to their private equity asshole boss: "Sup dude. Suck it."
Jim Spanfeller (previously) is the private equity monster whose mismanagement of various former Gizmodo sites (notably Gawker, Splinter and Deadspin) has generated endless bad press from his own employees, who have doggedly reported on every single demand that they shut up and suck it up, has now been publicly condemned in the pages of yet another of his publications -- this time, it's the gaming site Kotaku.
Joshua Rivera and Gita Jackson have both resigned from Kotaku. In a farewell post, the journalists interview one another about their careers at the site, with special disapprobation for Spanfeller, Great Hill Partners and G/O Media.
Gita: His outward and obvious hostility towards the writers here, his treatment of the Deadspin writers, his firing of Barry, the way that he talks about Deadspin and the way that he won't take responsibility for its closure even though it comes from his really awful management decisions, have just made my faith in the ability of him being able to keep this company solvent, just completely obliterated. And it's all him. It's all his choices.
Josh: There's no way I feel supported as a writer. I know Stephen Totilo, bless up, will go to the ends of the earth for us.
Gita: Hell yeah. He would fight an army. He cares so much about his writers.
Josh: It's a shame that we don't have owners that care for a fraction as much. You know, they don't, they don't shout out our work. They don't care for our work.
Gita: I'm not even sure that Jim Spanfeller is aware that he has a video game website.
Josh: I mean, he might know now.
Gita: [laughs.] Yeah. Sup dude. Suck it.
Goodbye From Josh and Gita [Gita Jackson/Kotaku]
(Image: GMG Union, modified; Creepy Co, modified)
(Thanks, Ratel!)
g/o media / great hill partners / kotaku / late stage capitalism / private equity / suck it spanfeller
Manhattan: a city of empty luxury condos and overflowing homeless shelters
New York's luxury real-estate market has been in freefall for years, and now the city's super-luxe buildings are sitting empty -- even as property prices in the city remain stubbornly high, prompting 300 New Yorkers to move out of the city every day, and filling the homeless shelters to capacity and beyond.
Rating the 30 most evil tech companies
Slate compiled a list of the 30 most evil companies in tech, starting with Mspy (#30) all the way up to Amazon (#1). I weighed in on Oracle (#17, "It takes a lot to make me feel like Google is being victimized by a bully, but Oracle managed it") and Apple (#6, "Apple won't spy […]


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Bursting flashes freeze splashes of color
Автор:: Fredrik Franzén
Have you ever seen a photographer use flash to freeze BMX bikers mid air? Of course you have. Have you seen splashes of color powder frozen in time? You probably have. But have you ever seen the two styles combined in one? We think not.
Christoph Jorda was born and raised in a small village in the Bavarian Alps. One day when he was a kid, he got a gift from his grandfather – his first camera.
Since then some things have changed, while others have not. Christoph still lives in the same village, and he is as fascinated by the area's beauty as he was back then. But today Christoph's hobby has turned into his profession, and the Bavarian Alps have become the scene for his stunning location photography.
A recent photo project saw Christoph collaborate with two close friends – BMX bikers Thomas Kaiser and Konstantin Ottner. The three had the idea to combine BMX shots with the four classical elements – fire, water, earth and air. When the trio reached the fourth and final element, they decided to go out with a bang. With the help of two B1 Off-Camera Flashes and another four friends with large buckets of color powder, the team set out to freeze Thomas and Konstantin midair, jumping through splashes of color.
"The first thing we did was to build the jump and landing," says Christoph. "This took us almost the whole day. Then we did some tests with flour so that the riders would get used to jumping through powder. After that we were ready to set our lights."
Christoph wanted the focus to be on the BMX bikers and the color powder. For this reason he decided to have a completely black background in his shots. But the bikers had to see where to jump and land. So even though the shoot took place at night, Christoph and his team had to turn on their car headlights to light up the scene, and use the B1 flashes' modeling light to light up the actual jump and landing.
"The scene itself was actually very bright during the shoot," says Christoph. "That's why it was absolutely necessary to have flash strong enough to overpower the ambient light. It was also important to have with a very short flash duration to freeze the bikers midair. Extremely fast flash recycling was also a must since it allowed me to take several images of each jump and pick the best shot."
Using two B1 Off-Camera Flashes set to High-Speed Sync Mode and equipped with Zoom Reflectors, Christoph got not one but several best shots. See for yourself.
See more of Christoph Jorda's work on his website.
Learn more about the B1 Off-Camera Flash.
Christoph Jorda
High-Speed Sync
Zoom Reflector
Michael Mueller Shoots Skaters Rushing Down a Mountainside at 100 km/h
On Location with Karolina Henke & the B1 Location Kit
Elisabeth Hoff: Making subjects feel fantastic


Traditionally used in Germany to celebrate weddings, this Heidi German bridal cup represents the union between the couple as they start off their life together. It is still a popular wedding toast used today in the southern parts of Germany and makes a unique gift idea for the bride and groom.
The swiveling cup and hollow dress are designed to allow both bride and groom to drink simultaneously and toast their wedding. Delicate relief work is present throughout the item. The combination of polished and antiqued pewter on this bridal cup make it a favorite among our customers. Made in Germany from solid hand-crafted pewter.
This bridal cup comes safely packed in a sturdy gift box suitable for storage. Includes a legendary brochure written in an Old English font explaining the story behind the tradition. Read the Legend of the Bridal Cup.
FREE engraving is an added bonus when you purchase the Heidi German bridal cup! For details, please see the Engraving Information link to the left.
Free engraving on this bridal cup includes the front bottom and back bottom skirt areas. The front top and back top areas may also be engraved at an additional charge of $10 per area with each area allowing up to 32 characters.


BlackBerry has reportedly added a host of features to its messaging service app, BBM, for iOS and Android. The updated BBM 2.0 app for third-party devices includes BBM Voice, BBM Channels, Dropbox, and Glymse-powered location sharing option.
BlackBerry has reportedly added a host of features to its messaging service app, BBM, for iOS and Android.
The updated BBM 2.0 app for third-party devices includes BBM Voice, BBM Channels, Dropbox, and Glymse-powered location sharing option.
According to Tech Crunch, the BBM Voice allows users to make direct voice calls to their BBM contacts via either Wi-Fi or cellular networks, while BBM Channels provides message-board style group interactions around a particular topic, theme or personality.
Location sharing via Glympse allows people to send their real-time current location, inclusive of timed data availability set by the user.
There is also a one-click sharing feature, which makes it easier for users to send photos, documents, voice messages and other kinds of content to their network connections.
The updated BBM 2.0 also includes expanded emoticon support, with 100 new ones added.
The report said that the updated BBM would allow the sinking smartphone manufacturer to have another chance at appealing to consumers and revive the lost market share.


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Call For Consult: Cincinnati, OH | Edgewood, KY | Vail, Co
NEWSLETTER SIGNUP | PATIENT PORTAL | NEW USER
Devinder S. Mangat, MD, FACS
Allison M. Holzapfel, MD, FACS
Allison E. Lied, M.D.
Skin Resurfacing & Rejuvenation
Botox & Dermal Fillers
Article from the Aesthetic Channel: Trends in hair restoration
2015 Faces of Cincinnati: Mangat, Holzapfel & Lied Plastic Surgery
Dr. Devinder Mangat, Dr. Allison Holzapfel & Dr. Allison Lied Named Top Doctors by Cincinnati Magazine
USA Today Article - What to Ask When Selecting a Plastic Surgeon
Mangat Receives Schoenrock Distinguised Award
Étage Laser & Skin Care Center
Elleebana Eye Lash Lift
Fraxel - Restore
IPL™ Photofacial
Microdermabrasion – Diamond Tip
Fractional Skin Resurfacing (Fraxel re:store™)
Body Related
Facial Related
Skin Related
Botox is comprised of the botulinum toxin type A, an agent that is derived from bacteria that induces botulism. Botulinum is a toxin that has the ability to block nerve activity in the muscles.
Firstly, we will look into how botox treatment is executed. Botox is able to obstruct signals that are disseminated from the nerves to the muscles. The muscles that are exposed to botox injections are unable to contract as a result.
Naturally, this means that the muscles cannot become tight and the treatment allows them to relax and even soften in some cases. Generally, the toxin is administered using a fine needle into the specific muscles. Patients who are exposed to the treatment only experience mild discomfort in the process.
In total, the procedure only lasts for a few minutes and can be done without anesthesia. Typically, it takes a few days before the effects of botox begin to manifest. At the most, within a fortnight, patients experience a change.
Also, patients who undergo botox are strongly urged to refrain from the consumption of alcohol before they are subjected to the injection. They are also advised to avoid any anti-inflammatory medicine a few days before the procedure is scheduled. This is because such measures lower the risk of bruising that may occur in the aftermath.
Naturally, there are instances where individuals should reconsider or postpone exposure to botox injections. For example, a woman who is expecting or breastfeeding should not have botox administered on their muscle(s).
Additionally, those who are patients of a neurological disease or are allergic to albumin should also stay away from injections. Botox may work wonders but there are still caveats where the procedure is unable to rectify certain wrinkles. Therefore, those who are interested should ideally consult a doctor before they opt for botox.
In terms of recovery post op, the effects of these injections can last anywhere between four to six months. With the passage of time, muscle action is restored as the effects of botox begin to wear off. This means that lines and wrinkles that were initially apparent on an individual's face for example, will emerge once again. In such a case, it depends on the patient if they want to undergo the treatment once again.
Botulinum toxin injections are given in paltry doses for the important reason that the patient's skin and muscles have the forbearance and tolerance level. However, there are many cases where the reactions to the procedure may not be as planned.
For example, a genetic condition may be responsible for an unusual reaction to the injections. 1% of botox patients have the propensity to develop antibodies to the toxin. This means that any and all future treatment is essentially futile.
Other potential ill effects include moderate discomfort, local edema (the accumulation of fluids) and a rash on the skin that is exposed to botox injections. Other possible ramifications include numbness, headaches and mild nausea.
If you want to get botox injections, we recommend visiting Mangat, Holzapfel and Lied plastic surgeons.
04/11/2019 - Popular Cosmetic Procedures fo
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12/18/2017 - Tis the Season - The Best Time
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08/14/2016 - Vogue Looks at CoolSculpting
06/15/2016 - Get Bikini Ready!
05/16/2016 - Sometimes All We Need is a Lit
04/17/2016 - CoolSculpting: Approved by FDA
03/14/2016 - In 2015 Cosmetic Surgery Saw a
12/17/2015 - Men Are Embracing the Cosmetic
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07/23/2015 - What Makes it a "Mommy Makeove
05/15/2015 - More Men Seek Cosmetic Surgery
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02/16/2015 - Cultural Differences Define At
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07/14/2014 - Looking Your Best: How Weight
06/20/2014 - Healthy Skin as We Age
04/02/2014 - Beyond Beauty: Reconstructive
08/05/2013 - Great Looking Legs: Plastic Su
12/04/2012 - Alcohol Consumption and Cosmet
11/28/2012 - Want a Healthy Glow? Eat more
10/18/2012 - Plastic Surgery Etiquette - Do
09/11/2012 - Plastic Surgery for Men - A Gr
10/03/2011 - How Plastic Surgeons Got Their
02/14/2019 - What is Botox?
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06/28/2013 - Breast Lift - The Basics
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02/08/2018 - 3 Things to Know Before Going
09/15/2017 - Facial Reconstruction after Ca
01/19/2016 - What Can We Do for You with Ky
06/17/2015 - Blepharoplasty: A Surgical Pro
10/14/2014 - Treating Migraines with Botox
03/01/2013 - Trends in Non-Surgical Cosmeti
09/25/2012 - The Aging Face and Volume Loss
11/20/2011 - Chin Lifts – the Fastest Growi
10/11/2018 - Body Contouring: Getting Rid o
07/15/2017 - What You Need to Know About Me
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05/15/2014 - Get Ready for the Sun: Healthy
05/23/2013 - A Fresh Start for your Skin
03/01/2013 - Are You in Need of Hand Rejuve
DR. DEVINDER MANGAT
Past President of both the American Board of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and the American Academy Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery.
DR. ALLISON HOLZAPFEL
Dr. Holzapfel has been selected for Top Doctors in Cincinnati, the prestigious list of peer-voted distinction, each year since 2013.
DR. ALLISON LIED
In her practice of plastic surgery, Dr. Lied is particularly interested in body contouring, facial rejuvenation and breast reconstruction.
Top-rated, board-certified facial plastic surgeons and board-certified plastic surgeons in Cincinnati, Northern Kentucky, and Vail, Colorado, offering eyelifts, browlifts, facelifts, breast implants and breast reductions, rhinoplasty, reconstruction after cancer or trauma, liposuction, CoolScultping, Fraxel, Botox, Dysport, peels and fillers such as Restylane, Radiesse and Juvederm, and other procedures to refresh and renew your appearance.
COPYRIGHT © 2020. MANGAT, HOLZAPFEL & LIED PLASTIC SURGERY. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED


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Danny Trejo battles Mel Gibson in full-length Machete Kills trailer: watch now
By Matt Maytum 02 August 2013
"Machete don't tweet"
Machete Kills has released a full trailer online, which is worth watching for its ridiculously starry line-up alone.
Danny Trejo returns as the titular badass, brought in by the president (played by Carlos Estevez, AKA Charlie Sheen) to stop a warlord who has a missile aimed at the White House (that'd be Mel Gibson).
The women in Machete's life get a fair bit of screentime in the trailer too, with Michelle Rodriguez donning the eyepatch again, and Lady Gaga making one hell of an entrance.
Amber Heard's on hand to help out as Miss San Antonio, and Sofía Vergara makes pretty good use of her 'Double Ds' (just watch the trailer…)
Directed by Robert Rodriguez, Machete Kills opens in the US on 11 October 2013, with a UK release date to be confirmed.


This is often the case for imports running from commandline. They can run without authentification. It is also the case as far as I can see as all TaxonName and Registration with createdby_id IS NULL have almost the same created date.
Is there any problem with createdby_id = NULL or can we close the ticket?
We are very eager to provide a clear API to developers that helps avoiding errors. For example the Reference model provides interfaces for each reference type!
On the other hand we now have the createdBy field. An entity that exists has obviously been created by someone, otherwise it could not exists at all. This field now can be just null in some cases which are not clear to anyone but to the person who wrote and ran the import.
I think we either force createdBy to never be null and set all null values to the user id '10' or we should clearly indicate in the documentation of the getter that the createdBy user can be null.


text:
Part of HuffPost Parents. ©2022 BuzzFeed, Inc. All rights reserved.
Mum Breaks Down In Tears As Stranger 'Congratulates' Her For Birth Of Daughter With Down's Syndrome
'This man saw her importance. I immediately started to cry.'
Amy Packham
Life editor at HuffPost UK
16/06/2016 10:49am BST
A mum has shared a touching story of how a stranger left her in tears by "recognising the worth" of her daughter with Down's syndrome.
Pam De Almeida, who is mum to 18-month-old Sophia, was sat in a coffee shop experiencing "stares and whispers" from people around her.
"This is a pretty frequent occurrence for us you see, because my daughter Sophia was born with Down's syndrome," the mother wrote on a Facebook post, explaining what happened.
"Today it bothered me. It really bothered me."
But De Almeida was shocked when a stranger approached her and gave her and her daughter a completely unexpected reaction.
"The man greeted Sophia with a high five and a handshake, and Sophia smiled and waved back," De Almeida wrote.
"He looked at me with tears in his eyes and said: 'I have a story I would really like to share with you. But I am afraid I won't get through it without choking up.'
"I gently encouraged him to share, because now I was curious. This interaction was not what I was expecting."
The man told De Almeida he had watched a programme on the news the night before, where a woman had given birth to a child with a disability.
He explained that she was on TV defending her decision not to terminate her child, despite claiming doctors encouraged her to do so.
She continued: "He told me: 'The point is, you never know a person's impact on the world. You can never know what a person is able to do unless you give them a chance.'
"He looked at me just before he turned to walk away and said: 'You are a beautiful person. Your daughter is beautiful. Congratulations!'
"I immediately started to cry. There I sat in the middle of a coffee shop crying into a paper napkin.
"That man was the first complete stranger to ever congratulate me on the birth of my daughter Sophia. He was the first complete stranger to recognise her worth. Her value. Her beauty.
"In a world where my daughter's life is whispered about, where she is stared at, this man saw her importance."
The heartwarming post, shared on De Almeida's blog's Facebook page 'Slice of Life', has been shared more than 12,000 times in just four days.
The post encouraged others to share their own joys of parenting a child with Down's syndrome.
"If only these people, could see the special joy these children have within them," one mother wrote.
"Life is way too short. My daughter is two with Down's syndrome and she makes me smile every damn day."
Another person commented on the post: "She is absolutely beautiful and I completely feel your pain. I wish I had met that man while out with my son, all I get is stares."
After reading the comments, De Almeida posted an update on Facebook.
"Sophia is so happy about all the amazing and supportive comments made," she said.
"It's totally making our week."
21 Rare Diseases
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HuffPost UK Parents Newsletter
Sign up and we'll email you a weekly dose of parenting stories, covering everything from pregnancy and birth, to babies and toddlers. We're in this together.


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Yellowjacket or yellowjacket is the common name in North America for predatory social wasps of the genera Vespula and Dolichovespula. Members of these genera are known simply as "wasps" in other English-speaking countries. Most of these are black and yellow like the eastern yellowjacket (Vespula maculifrons) and the aerial yellowjacket (Dolichovespula arenaria); some are black and white like the bald-faced hornet (Dolichovespula maculata). Others may have the abdomen background color red instead of black. They can be identified by their distinctive markings, their occurrence only in colonies, and a characteristic, rapid, side-to-side flight pattern prior to landing. All females are capable of stinging. Yellowjackets are important predators of pest insects.

Identification

Yellowjackets may be confused with other wasps, such as hornets and paper wasps such as Polistes dominula. A typical yellowjacket worker is about  long, with alternating bands on the abdomen; the queen is larger, about  long (the different patterns on their abdomens help separate various species).

Yellowjackets are sometimes mistakenly called "bees" (as in "meat bees"), given that they are similar in size and general coloration to honey bees, but yellowjackets are actually wasps. In contrast to honey bees, yellowjackets have yellow or white markings, are not covered with tan-brown dense hair on their bodies, and do not have the flattened, hairy pollen-carrying hind legs characteristic of honey bees (although they are capable of pollination).

Yellowjackets have lance-like stingers with small barbs, and typically sting repeatedly, though occasionally a stinger becomes lodged and pulls free of the wasp's body; the venom, like most bee and wasp venoms, is primarily dangerous to only those humans who are allergic or are stung many times. All species have yellow or white on their faces. Their mouthparts are well-developed with strong mandibles for capturing and chewing insects, with probosces for sucking nectar, fruit, and other juices. Yellowjackets build nests in trees, shrubs, or in protected places such as inside man-made structures, or in soil cavities, tree stumps, mouse burrows, etc. They build them from wood fiber they chew into a paper-like pulp. Many other insects exhibit protective mimicry of aggressive, stinging yellowjackets; in addition to numerous bees and wasps (Müllerian mimicry), the list includes some flies, moths, and beetles (Batesian mimicry).

Yellowjackets' closest relatives, the hornets, closely resemble them but have larger heads, seen especially in the large distance from the eyes to the back of the head.

Life cycle and habits

Yellowjackets are social hunters living in colonies containing workers, queens, and males (drones). Colonies are annual with only inseminated queens overwintering. Fertilized queens are found in protected places such as in hollow logs, stumps, under bark, leaf litter, soil cavities, and man-made structures. Queens emerge during the warm days of late spring or early summer, select a nest site, and build a small paper nest in which they lay eggs. After eggs hatch from the 30 to 50 brood cells, the queen feeds the young larvae for about 18 to 20  days. Larvae pupate, then emerge later as small, infertile females called workers. Workers in the colony take over caring for the larvae, feeding them with chewed-up meat or fruit. By midsummer, the first adult workers emerge and assume the tasks of nest expansion, foraging for food, care of the queen and larvae, and colony defense.

From this time until her death in the autumn, the queen remains inside the nest, laying eggs. The colony then expands rapidly, reaching a maximum size of 4,000–5,000 workers and a nest of 10,000–15,000 cells in late summer. The species V. squamosa, in the southern part of its range, may build much larger perennial colonies populated by dozens of queens, tens of thousands of workers, and hundreds of thousands of cells. At peak size, reproductive cells are built with new males and queens produced. Adult reproductives remain in the nest fed by the workers. New queens build up fat reserves to overwinter. Adult reproductives leave the parent colony to mate. After mating, males quickly die, while fertilized queens seek protected places to overwinter. Parent colony workers dwindle, usually leaving the nest to die, as does the founding queen. Abandoned nests rapidly decompose and disintegrate during the winter. They can persist as long as they are kept dry, but are rarely used again. In the spring, the cycle is repeated; weather in the spring is the most important factor in colony establishment.

The adult yellowjacket diet consists primarily of sugars and carbohydrates, such as fruits, flower nectar, and tree sap. Larvae feed on proteins derived from insects, meats, and fish. Workers collect, chew, and condition such foods before feeding them to the larvae. Many of the insects collected by the workers are considered pest species, making the yellowjacket beneficial to agriculture. Larvae, in return, secrete a sugary substance for workers to eat; this exchange is a form of trophallaxis. As insect sources of food diminish in late summer, larvae produce less for workers to eat. Foraging workers pursue sources of sugar outside the nest including ripe fruits and human garbage.

Notable species
European yellowjackets, the German wasp (Vespula germanica), and the common wasp (Vespula vulgaris) were originally native to Europe, but are now established in southern Africa, New Zealand, and eastern Australia
The North American yellowjacket (Vespula alascensis), eastern yellowjacket (Vespula maculifrons), western yellowjacket (Vespula pensylvanica), and prairie yellowjacket (Vespula atropilosa) are native to North America.
Southern yellowjacket (Vespula squamosa)
Bald-faced hornets (Dolichovespula maculata) belong among the yellowjackets rather than the true hornets. They are not usually called "yellowjackets" because of their ivory-on-black coloration.
Aerial yellowjacket (Dolichovespula arenaria)
Tree wasp (Dolichovespula sylvestris)

Nest

Dolichovespula species such as the aerial yellowjacket, D. arenaria, and the bald-faced hornet, tend to create exposed aerial nests. This feature is shared with some true hornets, which has led to some naming confusion.

Vespula species, in contrast, build concealed nests, usually underground.

Yellowjacket nests usually last for only one season, dying off in winter. The nest is started by a single queen, called the "foundress". Typically, a nest can reach the size of a basketball by the end of a season. In parts of Australia, New Zealand, the Pacific Islands, and southern coastal areas of the United States, the winters are mild enough to allow nest overwintering. Nests that survive multiple seasons become massive and often possess multiple egg-laying queens.

In the United States
The German yellowjacket (V. germanica) first appeared in Ohio in 1975, and has now become the dominant species over the eastern yellowjacket. It is bold and aggressive and can sting repeatedly and painfully. It will mark aggressors and pursue them. It is often confused with Polistes dominula, an invasive species in the United States, due to their very similar pattern. The German yellowjacket builds its nests in cavities—not necessarily underground—with the peak worker population in temperate areas between 1000 and 3000 individuals between May and August. Each colony produces several thousand new reproductives after this point through November.

The eastern yellowjacket builds its nests underground, also with the peak worker population between 1000 and 3000 individuals, similar to the German yellowjacket. Nests are built entirely of wood fiber and are completely enclosed except for a small entrance at the bottom. The color of the paper is highly dependent on the source of the wood fibers used. The nests contain multiple, horizontal tiers of combs within. Larvae hang within the combs.

In the southeastern United States, where southern yellowjacket (Vespula squamosa) nests may persist through the winter, colony sizes of this species may reach 100,000 adult wasps. The same kind of nest expansion has occurred in Hawaii with the invasive western yellowjacket (V. pensylvanica).

In popular culture

The yellowjacket's most visible place in US sporting culture is as a mascot, most famously with the Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets, represented by the mascot Buzz. Other college and university examples include Allen University, the American International College, Baldwin-Wallace University, Black Hills State University, Cedarville University, Defiance College, Graceland University, Howard Payne University, LeTourneau University, Montana State University Billings, Northern Vermont University-Lyndon, Randolph-Macon College, University of Rochester, University of Wisconsin–Superior, West Virginia State University, and Waynesburg University.

Though not specified by the team, the mascot of the Columbus Blue Jackets, named "Stinger," closely resembles a yellowjacket. In the years since its original yellow incarnation, the mascot's color has been changed to light green, seemingly combining the real insect's yellow and the team's blue.

In the United Kingdom the Rugby Union team Wasps traditionally use a yellowjacket as their club emblem.

Note that yellowjacket is often spelled as two words (yellow jacket) in popular culture and even in some dictionaries. The proper entomological spelling, according to the Entomological Society of America, is as a single word (yellowjacket).

References

External links
"Yellowjackets and Hornets of Florida" on the UF / IFAS Featured Creatures Web site
Successful Removal of German Yellow Jackets by Toxic Baiting

Vespidae
Insect common names
Predators

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Event triggers are currently not supported in Postgres-XL.
The functions shown in Table 9.93 provide information about a table for which a table_rewrite event has just been called. If called in any other context, an error is raised.


text:
.. currentmodule:: numpy

*************************
Numpy C Code Explanations
*************************

    Fanaticism consists of redoubling your efforts when you have forgotten
    your aim.
    --- *George Santayana*

    An authority is a person who can tell you more about something than
    you really care to know.
    --- *Unknown*

This Chapter attempts to explain the logic behind some of the new
pieces of code. The purpose behind these explanations is to enable
somebody to be able to understand the ideas behind the implementation
somewhat more easily than just staring at the code. Perhaps in this
way, the algorithms can be improved on, borrowed from, and/or
optimized.

Memory model
============

.. index::
   pair: ndarray; memory model

One fundamental aspect of the ndarray is that an array is seen as a
"chunk" of memory starting at some location. The interpretation of
this memory depends on the stride information. For each dimension in
an :math:`N` -dimensional array, an integer (stride) dictates how many
bytes must be skipped to get to the next element in that dimension.
Unless you have a single-segment array, this stride information must
be consulted when traversing through an array. It is not difficult to
write code that accepts strides, you just have to use (char \*)
pointers because strides are in units of bytes. Keep in mind also that
strides do not have to be unit-multiples of the element size. Also,
remember that if the number of dimensions of the array is 0 (sometimes
called a rank-0 array), then the strides and dimensions variables are
NULL.

Besides the structural information contained in the strides and
dimensions members of the :ctype:`PyArrayObject`, the flags contain
important information about how the data may be accessed. In particular,
the :cdata:`NPY_ARRAY_ALIGNED` flag is set when the memory is on a
suitable boundary according to the data-type array. Even if you have
a contiguous chunk of memory, you cannot just assume it is safe to
dereference a data- type-specific pointer to an element. Only if the
:cdata:`NPY_ARRAY_ALIGNED` flag is set is this a safe operation (on
some platforms it will work but on others, like Solaris, it will cause
a bus error). The :cdata:`NPY_ARRAY_WRITEABLE` should also be ensured
if you plan on writing to the memory area of the array. It is also
possible to obtain a pointer to an unwriteable memory area. Sometimes,
writing to the memory area when the :cdata:`NPY_ARRAY_WRITEABLE` flag is not
set will just be rude. Other times it can cause program crashes ( *e.g.*
a data-area that is a read-only memory-mapped file).

Data-type encapsulation
=======================

.. index::
   single: dtype

The data-type is an important abstraction of the ndarray. Operations
will look to the data-type to provide the key functionality that is
needed to operate on the array. This functionality is provided in the
list of function pointers pointed to by the 'f' member of the
:ctype:`PyArray_Descr` structure. In this way, the number of data-types can be
extended simply by providing a :ctype:`PyArray_Descr` structure with suitable
function pointers in the 'f' member. For built-in types there are some
optimizations that by-pass this mechanism, but the point of the data-
type abstraction is to allow new data-types to be added.

One of the built-in data-types, the void data-type allows for
arbitrary structured types containing 1 or more fields as elements of the
array. A field is simply another data-type object along with an offset
into the current structured type. In order to support arbitrarily nested
fields, several recursive implementations of data-type access are
implemented for the void type. A common idiom is to cycle through the
elements of the dictionary and perform a specific operation based on
the data-type object stored at the given offset. These offsets can be
arbitrary numbers. Therefore, the possibility of encountering mis-
aligned data must be recognized and taken into account if necessary.

N-D Iterators
=============

.. index::
   single: array iterator

A very common operation in much of NumPy code is the need to iterate
over all the elements of a general, strided, N-dimensional array. This
operation of a general-purpose N-dimensional loop is abstracted in the
notion of an iterator object. To write an N-dimensional loop, you only
have to create an iterator object from an ndarray, work with the
dataptr member of the iterator object structure and call the macro
:cfunc:`PyArray_ITER_NEXT` (it) on the iterator object to move to the next
element. The "next" element is always in C-contiguous order. The macro
works by first special casing the C-contiguous, 1-D, and 2-D cases
which work very simply.

For the general case, the iteration works by keeping track of a list
of coordinate counters in the iterator object. At each iteration, the
last coordinate counter is increased (starting from 0). If this
counter is smaller then one less than the size of the array in that
dimension (a pre-computed and stored value), then the counter is
increased and the dataptr member is increased by the strides in that
dimension and the macro ends. If the end of a dimension is reached,
the counter for the last dimension is reset to zero and the dataptr is
moved back to the beginning of that dimension by subtracting the
strides value times one less than the number of elements in that
dimension (this is also pre-computed and stored in the backstrides
member of the iterator object). In this case, the macro does not end,
but a local dimension counter is decremented so that the next-to-last
dimension replaces the role that the last dimension played and the
previously-described tests are executed again on the next-to-last
dimension. In this way, the dataptr is adjusted appropriately for
arbitrary striding.

The coordinates member of the :ctype:`PyArrayIterObject` structure maintains
the current N-d counter unless the underlying array is C-contiguous in
which case the coordinate counting is by-passed. The index member of
the :ctype:`PyArrayIterObject` keeps track of the current flat index of the
iterator. It is updated by the :cfunc:`PyArray_ITER_NEXT` macro.

Broadcasting
============

.. index::
   single: broadcasting

In Numeric, broadcasting was implemented in several lines of code
buried deep in ufuncobject.c. In NumPy, the notion of broadcasting has
been abstracted so that it can be performed in multiple places.
Broadcasting is handled by the function :cfunc:`PyArray_Broadcast`. This
function requires a :ctype:`PyArrayMultiIterObject` (or something that is a
binary equivalent) to be passed in. The :ctype:`PyArrayMultiIterObject` keeps
track of the broadcasted number of dimensions and size in each
dimension along with the total size of the broadcasted result. It also
keeps track of the number of arrays being broadcast and a pointer to
an iterator for each of the arrays being broadcasted.

The :cfunc:`PyArray_Broadcast` function takes the iterators that have already
been defined and uses them to determine the broadcast shape in each
dimension (to create the iterators at the same time that broadcasting
occurs then use the :cfunc:`PyMultiIter_New` function). Then, the iterators are
adjusted so that each iterator thinks it is iterating over an array
with the broadcasted size. This is done by adjusting the iterators
number of dimensions, and the shape in each dimension. This works
because the iterator strides are also adjusted. Broadcasting only
adjusts (or adds) length-1 dimensions. For these dimensions, the
strides variable is simply set to 0 so that the data-pointer for the
iterator over that array doesn't move as the broadcasting operation
operates over the extended dimension.

Broadcasting was always implemented in Numeric using 0-valued strides
for the extended dimensions. It is done in exactly the same way in
NumPy. The big difference is that now the array of strides is kept
track of in a :ctype:`PyArrayIterObject`, the iterators involved in a
broadcasted result are kept track of in a :ctype:`PyArrayMultiIterObject`,
and the :cfunc:`PyArray_BroadCast` call implements the broad-casting rules.

Array Scalars
=============

.. index::
   single: array scalars

The array scalars offer a hierarchy of Python types that allow a one-
to-one correspondence between the data-type stored in an array and the
Python-type that is returned when an element is extracted from the
array. An exception to this rule was made with object arrays. Object
arrays are heterogeneous collections of arbitrary Python objects. When
you select an item from an object array, you get back the original
Python object (and not an object array scalar which does exist but is
rarely used for practical purposes).

The array scalars also offer the same methods and attributes as arrays
with the intent that the same code can be used to support arbitrary
dimensions (including 0-dimensions). The array scalars are read-only
(immutable) with the exception of the void scalar which can also be
written to so that structured array field setting works more naturally
(a[0]['f1'] = ``value`` ).

Advanced ("Fancy") Indexing
=============================

.. index::
   single: indexing

The implementation of advanced indexing represents some of the most
difficult code to write and explain. In fact, there are two
implementations of advanced indexing. The first works only with 1-D
arrays and is implemented to handle expressions involving a.flat[obj].
The second is general-purpose that works for arrays of "arbitrary
dimension" (up to a fixed maximum). The one-dimensional indexing
approaches were implemented in a rather straightforward fashion, and
so it is the general-purpose indexing code that will be the focus of
this section.

There is a multi-layer approach to indexing because the indexing code
can at times return an array scalar and at other times return an
array. The functions with "_nice" appended to their name do this
special handling while the function without the _nice appendage always
return an array (perhaps a 0-dimensional array). Some special-case
optimizations (the index being an integer scalar, and the index being
a tuple with as many dimensions as the array) are handled in
array_subscript_nice function which is what Python calls when
presented with the code "a[obj]." These optimizations allow fast
single-integer indexing, and also ensure that a 0-dimensional array is
not created only to be discarded as the array scalar is returned
instead. This provides significant speed-up for code that is selecting
many scalars out of an array (such as in a loop). However, it is still
not faster than simply using a list to store standard Python scalars,
because that is optimized by the Python interpreter itself.

After these optimizations, the array_subscript function itself is
called. This function first checks for field selection which occurs
when a string is passed as the indexing object. Then, 0-D arrays are
given special-case consideration. Finally, the code determines whether
or not advanced, or fancy, indexing needs to be performed. If fancy
indexing is not needed, then standard view-based indexing is performed
using code borrowed from Numeric which parses the indexing object and
returns the offset into the data-buffer and the dimensions necessary
to create a new view of the array. The strides are also changed by
multiplying each stride by the step-size requested along the
corresponding dimension.

Fancy-indexing check
--------------------

The fancy_indexing_check routine determines whether or not to use
standard view-based indexing or new copy-based indexing. If the
indexing object is a tuple, then view-based indexing is assumed by
default. Only if the tuple contains an array object or a sequence
object is fancy-indexing assumed. If the indexing object is an array,
then fancy indexing is automatically assumed. If the indexing object
is any other kind of sequence, then fancy-indexing is assumed by
default. This is over-ridden to simple indexing if the sequence
contains any slice, newaxis, or Ellipsis objects, and no arrays or
additional sequences are also contained in the sequence. The purpose
of this is to allow the construction of "slicing" sequences which is a
common technique for building up code that works in arbitrary numbers
of dimensions.

Fancy-indexing implementation
-----------------------------

The concept of indexing was also abstracted using the idea of an
iterator. If fancy indexing is performed, then a :ctype:`PyArrayMapIterObject`
is created. This internal object is not exposed to Python. It is
created in order to handle the fancy-indexing at a high-level. Both
get and set fancy-indexing operations are implemented using this
object. Fancy indexing is abstracted into three separate operations:
(1) creating the :ctype:`PyArrayMapIterObject` from the indexing object, (2)
binding the :ctype:`PyArrayMapIterObject` to the array being indexed, and (3)
getting (or setting) the items determined by the indexing object.
There is an optimization implemented so that the :ctype:`PyArrayIterObject`
(which has it's own less complicated fancy-indexing) is used for
indexing when possible.

Creating the mapping object
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

The first step is to convert the indexing objects into a standard form
where iterators are created for all of the index array inputs and all
Boolean arrays are converted to equivalent integer index arrays (as if
nonzero(arr) had been called). Finally, all integer arrays are
replaced with the integer 0 in the indexing object and all of the
index-array iterators are "broadcast" to the same shape.

Binding the mapping object
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

When the mapping object is created it does not know which array it
will be used with so once the index iterators are constructed during
mapping-object creation, the next step is to associate these iterators
with a particular ndarray. This process interprets any ellipsis and
slice objects so that the index arrays are associated with the
appropriate axis (the axis indicated by the iteraxis entry
corresponding to the iterator for the integer index array). This
information is then used to check the indices to be sure they are
within range of the shape of the array being indexed. The presence of
ellipsis and/or slice objects implies a sub-space iteration that is
accomplished by extracting a sub-space view of the array (using the
index object resulting from replacing all the integer index arrays
with 0) and storing the information about where this sub-space starts
in the mapping object. This is used later during mapping-object
iteration to select the correct elements from the underlying array.

Getting (or Setting)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

After the mapping object is successfully bound to a particular array,
the mapping object contains the shape of the resulting item as well as
iterator objects that will walk through the currently-bound array and
either get or set its elements as needed. The walk is implemented
using the :cfunc:`PyArray_MapIterNext` function. This function sets the
coordinates of an iterator object into the current array to be the
next coordinate location indicated by all of the indexing-object
iterators while adjusting, if necessary, for the presence of a sub-
space. The result of this function is that the dataptr member of the
mapping object structure is pointed to the next position in the array
that needs to be copied out or set to some value.

When advanced indexing is used to extract an array, an iterator for
the new array is constructed and advanced in phase with the mapping
object iterator. When advanced indexing is used to place values in an
array, a special "broadcasted" iterator is constructed from the object
being placed into the array so that it will only work if the values
used for setting have a shape that is "broadcastable" to the shape
implied by the indexing object.

Universal Functions
===================

.. index::
   single: ufunc

Universal functions are callable objects that take :math:`N` inputs
and produce :math:`M` outputs by wrapping basic 1-D loops that work
element-by-element into full easy-to use functions that seamlessly
implement broadcasting, type-checking and buffered coercion, and
output-argument handling. New universal functions are normally created
in C, although there is a mechanism for creating ufuncs from Python
functions (:func:`frompyfunc`). The user must supply a 1-D loop that
implements the basic function taking the input scalar values and
placing the resulting scalars into the appropriate output slots as
explaine n implementation.

Setup
-----

Every ufunc calculation involves some overhead related to setting up
the calculation. The practical significance of this overhead is that
even though the actual calculation of the ufunc is very fast, you will
be able to write array and type-specific code that will work faster
for small arrays than the ufunc. In particular, using ufuncs to
perform many calculations on 0-D arrays will be slower than other
Python-based solutions (the silently-imported scalarmath module exists
precisely to give array scalars the look-and-feel of ufunc-based
calculations with significantly reduced overhead).

When a ufunc is called, many things must be done. The information
collected from these setup operations is stored in a loop-object. This
loop object is a C-structure (that could become a Python object but is
not initialized as such because it is only used internally). This loop
object has the layout needed to be used with PyArray_Broadcast so that
the broadcasting can be handled in the same way as it is handled in
other sections of code.

The first thing done is to look-up in the thread-specific global
dictionary the current values for the buffer-size, the error mask, and
the associated error object. The state of the error mask controls what
happens when an error-condiction is found. It should be noted that
checking of the hardware error flags is only performed after each 1-D
loop is executed. This means that if the input and output arrays are
contiguous and of the correct type so that a single 1-D loop is
performed, then the flags may not be checked until all elements of the
array have been calcluated. Looking up these values in a thread-
specific dictionary takes time which is easily ignored for all but
very small arrays.

After checking, the thread-specific global variables, the inputs are
evaluated to determine how the ufunc should proceed and the input and
output arrays are constructed if necessary. Any inputs which are not
arrays are converted to arrays (using context if necessary). Which of
the inputs are scalars (and therefore converted to 0-D arrays) is
noted.

Next, an appropriate 1-D loop is selected from the 1-D loops available
to the ufunc based on the input array types. This 1-D loop is selected
by trying to match the signature of the data-types of the inputs
against the available signatures. The signatures corresponding to
built-in types are stored in the types member of the ufunc structure.
The signatures corresponding to user-defined types are stored in a
linked-list of function-information with the head element stored as a
``CObject`` in the userloops dictionary keyed by the data-type number
(the first user-defined type in the argument list is used as the key).
The signatures are searched until a signature is found to which the
input arrays can all be cast safely (ignoring any scalar arguments
which are not allowed to determine the type of the result). The
implication of this search procedure is that "lesser types" should be
placed below "larger types" when the signatures are stored. If no 1-D
loop is found, then an error is reported. Otherwise, the argument_list
is updated with the stored signature --- in case casting is necessary
and to fix the output types assumed by the 1-D loop.

If the ufunc has 2 inputs and 1 output and the second input is an
Object array then a special-case check is performed so that
NotImplemented is returned if the second input is not an ndarray, has
the __array_priority\__ attribute, and has an __r{op}\__ special
method. In this way, Python is signaled to give the other object a
chance to complete the operation instead of using generic object-array
calculations. This allows (for example) sparse matrices to override
the multiplication operator 1-D loop.

For input arrays that are smaller than the specified buffer size,
copies are made of all non-contiguous, mis-aligned, or out-of-
byteorder arrays to ensure that for small arrays, a single-loop is
used. Then, array iterators are created for all the input arrays and
the resulting collection of iterators is broadcast to a single shape.

The output arguments (if any) are then processed and any missing
return arrays are constructed. If any provided output array doesn't
have the correct type (or is mis-aligned) and is smaller than the
buffer size, then a new output array is constructed with the special
UPDATEIFCOPY flag set so that when it is DECREF'd on completion of the
function, it's contents will be copied back into the output array.
Iterators for the output arguments are then processed.

Finally, the decision is made about how to execute the looping
mechanism to ensure that all elements of the input arrays are combined
to produce the output arrays of the correct type. The options for loop
execution are one-loop (for contiguous, aligned, and correct data-
type), strided-loop (for non-contiguous but still aligned and correct
data-type), and a buffered loop (for mis-aligned or incorrect data-
type situations). Depending on which execution method is called for,
the loop is then setup and computed.

Function call
-------------

This section describes how the basic universal function computation
loop is setup and executed for each of the three different kinds of
execution possibilities. If :cdata:`NPY_ALLOW_THREADS` is defined during
compilation, then the Python Global Interpreter Lock (GIL) is released
prior to calling all of these loops (as long as they don't involve
object arrays). It is re-acquired if necessary to handle error
conditions. The hardware error flags are checked only after the 1-D
loop is calcluated.

One Loop
^^^^^^^^

This is the simplest case of all. The ufunc is executed by calling the
underlying 1-D loop exactly once. This is possible only when we have
aligned data of the correct type (including byte-order) for both input
and output and all arrays have uniform strides (either contiguous,
0-D, or 1-D). In this case, the 1-D computational loop is called once
to compute the calculation for the entire array. Note that the
hardware error flags are only checked after the entire calculation is
complete.

Strided Loop
^^^^^^^^^^^^

When the input and output arrays are aligned and of the correct type,
but the striding is not uniform (non-contiguous and 2-D or larger),
then a second looping structure is employed for the calculation. This
approach converts all of the iterators for the input and output
arguments to iterate over all but the largest dimension. The inner
loop is then handled by the underlying 1-D computational loop. The
outer loop is a standard iterator loop on the converted iterators. The
hardware error flags are checked after each 1-D loop is completed.

Buffered Loop
^^^^^^^^^^^^^

This is the code that handles the situation whenever the input and/or
output arrays are either misaligned or of the wrong data-type
(including being byte-swapped) from what the underlying 1-D loop
expects. The arrays are also assumed to be non-contiguous. The code
works very much like the strided loop except for the inner 1-D loop is
modified so that pre-processing is performed on the inputs and post-
processing is performed on the outputs in bufsize chunks (where
bufsize is a user-settable parameter). The underlying 1-D
computational loop is called on data that is copied over (if it needs
to be). The setup code and the loop code is considerably more
complicated in this case because it has to handle:

- memory allocation of the temporary buffers

- deciding whether or not to use buffers on the input and output data
  (mis-aligned and/or wrong data-type)

- copying and possibly casting data for any inputs or outputs for which
  buffers are necessary.

- special-casing Object arrays so that reference counts are properly
  handled when copies and/or casts are necessary.

- breaking up the inner 1-D loop into bufsize chunks (with a possible
  remainder).

Again, the hardware error flags are checked at the end of each 1-D
loop.

Final output manipulation
-------------------------

Ufuncs allow other array-like classes to be passed seamlessly through
the interface in that inputs of a particular class will induce the
outputs to be of that same class. The mechanism by which this works is
the following. If any of the inputs are not ndarrays and define the
:obj:`__array_wrap__` method, then the class with the largest
:obj:`__array_priority__` attribute determines the type of all the
outputs (with the exception of any output arrays passed in). The
:obj:`__array_wrap__` method of the input array will be called with the
ndarray being returned from the ufunc as it's input. There are two
calling styles of the :obj:`__array_wrap__` function supported. The first
takes the ndarray as the first argument and a tuple of "context" as
the second argument. The context is (ufunc, arguments, output argument
number). This is the first call tried. If a TypeError occurs, then the
function is called with just the ndarray as the first argument.

Methods
-------

Their are three methods of ufuncs that require calculation similar to
the general-purpose ufuncs. These are reduce, accumulate, and
reduceat. Each of these methods requires a setup command followed by a
loop. There are four loop styles possible for the methods
corresponding to no-elements, one-element, strided-loop, and buffered-
loop. These are the same basic loop styles as implemented for the
general purpose function call except for the no-element and one-
element cases which are special-cases occurring when the input array
objects have 0 and 1 elements respectively.

Setup
^^^^^

The setup function for all three methods is ``construct_reduce``.
This function creates a reducing loop object and fills it with
parameters needed to complete the loop. All of the methods only work
on ufuncs that take 2-inputs and return 1 output. Therefore, the
underlying 1-D loop is selected assuming a signature of [ ``otype``,
``otype``, ``otype`` ] where ``otype`` is the requested reduction
data-type. The buffer size and error handling is then retrieved from
(per-thread) global storage. For small arrays that are mis-aligned or
have incorrect data-type, a copy is made so that the un-buffered
section of code is used. Then, the looping strategy is selected. If
there is 1 element or 0 elements in the array, then a simple looping
method is selected. If the array is not mis-aligned and has the
correct data-type, then strided looping is selected. Otherwise,
buffered looping must be performed. Looping parameters are then
established, and the return array is constructed.  The output array is
of a different shape depending on whether the method is reduce,
accumulate, or reduceat. If an output array is already provided, then
it's shape is checked. If the output array is not C-contiguous,
aligned, and of the correct data type, then a temporary copy is made
with the UPDATEIFCOPY flag set. In this way, the methods will be able
to work with a well-behaved output array but the result will be copied
back into the true output array when the method computation is
complete. Finally, iterators are set up to loop over the correct axis
(depending on the value of axis provided to the method) and the setup
routine returns to the actual computation routine.

Reduce
^^^^^^

.. index::
   triple: ufunc; methods; reduce

All of the ufunc methods use the same underlying 1-D computational
loops with input and output arguments adjusted so that the appropriate
reduction takes place. For example, the key to the functioning of
reduce is that the 1-D loop is called with the output and the second
input pointing to the same position in memory and both having a step-
size of 0. The first input is pointing to the input array with a step-
size given by the appropriate stride for the selected axis. In this
way, the operation performed is

.. math::
   :nowrap:

   \begin{align*}
   o & = & i[0] \\
   o & = & i[k]\textrm{<op>}o\quad k=1\ldots N
   \end{align*}

where :math:`N+1` is the number of elements in the input, :math:`i`,
:math:`o` is the output, and :math:`i[k]` is the
:math:`k^{\textrm{th}}` element of :math:`i` along the selected axis.
This basic operations is repeated for arrays with greater than 1
dimension so that the reduction takes place for every 1-D sub-array
along the selected axis. An iterator with the selected dimension
removed handles this looping.

For buffered loops, care must be taken to copy and cast data before
the loop function is called because the underlying loop expects
aligned data of the correct data-type (including byte-order). The
buffered loop must handle this copying and casting prior to calling
the loop function on chunks no greater than the user-specified
bufsize.

Accumulate
^^^^^^^^^^

.. index::
   triple: ufunc; methods; accumulate

The accumulate function is very similar to the reduce function in that
the output and the second input both point to the output. The
difference is that the second input points to memory one stride behind
the current output pointer. Thus, the operation performed is

.. math::
   :nowrap:

   \begin{align*}
   o[0] & = & i[0] \\
   o[k] & = & i[k]\textrm{<op>}o[k-1]\quad k=1\ldots N.
   \end{align*}

The output has the same shape as the input and each 1-D loop operates
over :math:`N` elements when the shape in the selected axis is :math:`N+1`.
Again, buffered loops take care to copy and cast the data before
calling the underlying 1-D computational loop.

Reduceat
^^^^^^^^

.. index::
   triple: ufunc; methods; reduceat
   single: ufunc

The reduceat function is a generalization of both the reduce and
accumulate functions. It implements a reduce over ranges of the input
array specified by indices. The extra indices argument is checked to
be sure that every input is not too large for the input array along
the selected dimension before the loop calculations take place. The
loop implementation is handled using code that is very similar to the
reduce code repeated as many times as there are elements in the
indices input. In particular: the first input pointer passed to the
underlying 1-D computational loop points to the input array at the
correct location indicated by the index array. In addition, the output
pointer and the second input pointer passed to the underlying 1-D loop
point to the same position in memory. The size of the 1-D
computational loop is fixed to be the difference between the current
index and the next index (when the current index is the last index,
then the next index is assumed to be the length of the array along the
selected dimension). In this way, the 1-D loop will implement a reduce
over the specified indices.

Mis-aligned or a loop data-type that does not match the input and/or
output data-type is handled using buffered code where-in data is
copied to a temporary buffer and cast to the correct data-type if
necessary prior to calling the underlying 1-D function. The temporary
buffers are created in (element) sizes no bigger than the user
settable buffer-size value. Thus, the loop must be flexible enough to
call the underlying 1-D computational loop enough times to complete
the total calculation in chunks no bigger than the buffer-size.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
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Under Pressure: Headaches & Head Pressure
Migraines may be the third most common illness in the world, but for those who suffer with it, the pain, nausea, and sensitivity to light and sound is more than just discomfort, it is wholly disruptive to life as they know it. Even those that suffer from tension, pressure, or cluster headaches can attest that a headache can ruin your day faster than just about anything. While researchers continue to search for a reason why some people suffer more headache days than others, one theory has emerged that gives patients pause.
Headaches Due to Intracranial Pressure
While 30 to 80 percent of the population suffers from an occasional tension headache, there is a subset of headache sufferers whose pain is linked to something called intracranial pressure. Your brain rests in a fluid called cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). This fluid is constantly being replenished throughout our lives. From time to time, the levels of CSF rise, causing increased intracranial pressure. Since our bodies have an amazing ability to regulate themselves, the excess CSF is absorbed into the body and the pressure and subsequent pain subsides.
Preventing Pressure Headaches
The old saying an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure certainly comes into play when it comes to pressure headaches. Obesity is one of the key risk factors of intracranial pressure so maintaining a healthy weight through a whole foods diet and plenty of exercise can go a long way to preventing changes in intracranial pressure. Likewise, limiting your caffeine, sodium, alcohol, and processed food intake can prevent many of the pressure changes in your skull.
Treating Head Pressure
Of course, there are times when your head is pounding and you need relief. Most people reach for either an over-the-counter pain reliever or a prescription migraine medication. However, these drugs often fall short of relieving the pain and pressure inside your head and many carry side effects that are often worse than the nausea, pain, and dizziness that go along with severe headaches. Fortunately, recent studies have found that relieving the intracranial pressure is as simple as a puff of air administered to the ear.
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text:
With You; Without You - Book Review
Prabhat Ranjan's entry in the world of Hindi Literature has been superb and smooth going so far because it is his novel which has secured him the place which almost any author on the debut would eye for! With You; Without You is the novel which has made a home in the heart of every reader who has read the novel so far and their feedback about the writing of Prabhat Ranjan is just so well-worded and appreciative that you cannot ignore this book and then, finally, we have decided to review the Hindi novel by Prabhat! So, here is the IamReading team's review of this novel!
Author Ashish Dalal - Hindi Literature Springing!
Ashish Dalal, an author from Gujarat, will be making his formal debut in the Indian Hindi Literature with the book Uske Hisse Ka Pyar which is a short story collection by the author. Before this book, Ashish was contributing frequently to the Hindi newspapers and magazines. Ashish Dalal's book will be available for pre-orders on Amazon from 15th of November 2017 and readers can buy his debut short stories collection before the book is formally launched later. We have thought it best in the interest of our regular readers to tell them more about the author because he deserves this light. Ashish is not a usual writer writing Hindi short stories because he thinks different and you can understand this by visiting his official website - http://ashishdalal.in/
Kazuo Ishiguro: Do you know the Nobel Prize Winner?
With Kazuo Ishiguro winning the prestigious Nobel Prize for Literature in 2017, a new question has hit the literary world. How many of us have read him before this? Or, if I am more precise, how many of us, in fact, knew him before this prize? The answer, I must expect, should be 20% for yes and 80% for no. Or maybe, 70% for no and 10% for who cares! Well, today, I will serve those who did not know Kazuo Ishiguro. I would tell something about him to brush your mind and also mention a few of his published books so that, if you want, you can buy those.
The Elephant Chaser's Daughter - Successful Debut!
The debut book author Shilpa Raj from Bangalore, The Elephant Chaser's Daughter has been very successful in spreading the message which was intended by the author. Shilpa Raj, the girl who featured as one of the lead characters in the Netflix Series Daughter of Destiny, belongs to a poor family which belongs to the 'lower section' of Indian society according to the old system of social justification which is nothing but a farce in this modern age. Her book The Elephant Chaser's Daughter was launched formally on 28th of July and since then, it has been in the buzz-centre. The book has been read and praised by many readers and book critics across the nation as well as abroad too, after the launch in the USA and other countries. The success that Shilpa's book has achieved shows that readers are interested not only in reading fiction but also the real life-stories which tell them the reality of the day.
Written in the form of a memoir, this book is a chronicle of Shilp…
5 Books with Weird Titles | IamReading Special
Most of us are readers in this or that way and almost everyday. We have to read our academic books; we have to read the fiction or non-fiction by our famous authors; we might well have to read our own books (if we become authors someday). So, reading is something which will always be there in our lives. Today, we are offering you the list of the books which you might not have known existed. Yes, the titles of these books are so confusing and different that these books will surely surprise you! So, here we go!
Ghostbusters and Other Stories by Debadatta Satpathy | Review
Ghostbusters and Other Stories is a collection of 10 short stories and is authored by an Odiya author Debadatta Satpathy. Debadatta has already written one short story collection earlier which was titled House of Bougainvillea and Other Stories. This time, his short stories came with an entirely fresh ideas and simplicity flows through them till the end. Right from the beginning, The Ghostbusters, to the end, The Solitary Passenger, the stories are always genuine, simple and very common for the readers to connect and associate with the characters as well as the events. These short stories will not only entertain the readers but also let them dive into nostalgia and recount those spent moments of childhood and youth.
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Indian Fiction


By definition, negotiated agreements and court orders are designed to bring certainty to the settlement of legal disputes between separating and divorcing couples. Still, several of my previous posts have involved the question of whether, in light of a pre-existing domestic contract or a court order (for child or spousal support, for example), there has been "material change" in the parties' circumstances, to the point where the situation is no longer fair.
The "material change" threshold is important: in law, it may justify a court's interference with the terms of the existing agreement or order, to the point where it can be varied to better suit the new circumstances, or to address a situation that had never been contemplated by the parties or the court in the first place.
In my law practise, the issue comes up most frequently in connection with a desire to change a spousal or child support order, often because the paying former spouse / parent has lost a job, has remarried and taken on new responsibilities, or is under other financial pressures.
Whether or not a particular change in circumstances is adequate to meet the legal threshold must always be evaluated in light of the particular facts of each case.
2. The change must be of a continuing nature.
In order to justify a variation of support, the change must be something that has an element of continuity to it.
3. "Material" is both quantitative, and qualitative.
Trivial, insignificant, and short-lived changes will not justify a change in the support payable.
4. It must have been unforeseen.
In order to qualify as a "material change" it must be a new circumstances or factor that was not foreseen at the time the original support order was made. In other words, if that new circumstances had been known or contemplated by the parties at the time of the original order, then a different order would have been warranted.
5. The payor has the onus.
The person seeking the new support order is the one who must prove the change in circumstances has met the legal threshold.
The law strives for certainty, but it also remains flexible enough to address change. If you think that your existing support order has become unfair due to intervening circumstances, a job loss, or other factors, give us a call. We can give you input on your situation, and advise you as to any next steps.


Burroughs' Sawyer Patterson won the Pacific League singles title.
PASADENA — What started as a seven-team tournament nearly ended as an all-Burbank city affair Wednesday afternoon at the Pacific League boys' tennis finals at Pasadena High.
Burroughs and Burbank high placed competitors in the league's singles and doubles finals with the Indians taking home each crown and the Bulldogs advancing two competitors to the CIF Southern Section Boys Individual Tennis Tournament.
While it may have seemed reasonable to think the Indians' postseason fortunes were in shambles after the season-ending injury suffered in March to singles ace Garrett Auproux, the two-time reigning All-Area Singles Player of the Year, Burroughs proved resilient as sophomore Sawyer Patterson captured the singles championship and the squad of Michael Whelan and Calvin Fox captured the doubles crown.
One such change came on the doubles side, where Bernhardt entered the combination of Whelan and Fox, who had only previously played three sets together, into the tournament.
The fourth-seeded duo rolled through two matches Monday before notching consecutive upsets in Wednesday's semifinals and finals match, including a thrilling 5-7, 7-5, 10-6, victory over crosstown rivals Keon Park and Clayton Pauff of Burbank.
After Park and Pauff led wire-to-wire in the first set for a 7-5 win, the Bulldogs took a quick 1-0 advantage in the second set. Yet, rather than falling behind, 4-1, as in the first set, Whelan and Fox battled back and alternated the lead until taking a 5-4 advantage after a Bulldogs error clinched a game.
The Burroughs duo then forced a deciding third set when Whelan laced a shot down the line for a victory.
In the final set, the Indians jumped out to a 4-1 advantage and continued to lead, 7-4, until the Bulldogs scored two points on a backhand from Park and an Indians smash into the net closed the deficit to 7-6.
From there, though, the Indians turned separation into victory by scoring the next four points en route to the 10-6 win.
Whelan and Fox earned advancement to the finals by besting teammates Kevin Hoang and Wen Yao Lin in the semifinals, 6-4.
The match was the last for Hoang and Lin, who took third by virtue of Arcadia's doubles team forfeiting both its semifinal and consolation-round third-place matches due to illness.
The first forfeiture allowed Park and Pauff to advance to the finals.
As for stepping up, Patterson helped fill Auproux's void Wednesday by capturing the singles championship after fending off a solid effort from Hoover's Oleg Simonyan, 6-3, 6-4, in a battle between the top-two seeded players with clashing styles.
Patterson entered with a blistering serve and a powerful backhand, while Simonyan countered with a solid drop shot and a refined finesse game.
The differences were highlighted in a back-and-forth second set in which Simonyan took the opening game and each player rotated the lead until a tie at 4 was snapped by Patterson, who broke Simonyan's serve and jumped ahead, 5-4, on a baseline winner.
Patterson then went up quickly, 30-0, in the next game before winning two possessions later on a cross-court smash.
Patterson showed elements of frustration, though, including when the sophomore chucked his racket into the wall after Simonyan closed a 4-1 first-set deficit to 4-3.
Patterson reached the finals by defeating Hoover's Emile Ohanyan in the day's semifinal, 6-4, 6-2.
Patterson and the duos of Whelan and Fox and Park and Pauff all advanced to section play of the individual tennis tournament on May 23.
Burbank freshman Kevin Orellana, the third-seeded singles player, recovered from a 6-2, 5-7 (10-2) defeat to Simonyan in the day's opening semifinal to defeat Ohanyan, 8-6, in the singles consolation third-place match, 8-6.


According to wildlife monitoring network TRAFFIC, there is a predicted loss of 515 rhinos by year end if current poaching rates continue.
Global wildlife monitoring network TRAFFIC warned Tuesday that 515 rhinos could perish by the end of the year if no action is taken to stem the illicit trade in rhino horns.
South Africa, home to about three quarters of Africa's 20,000 or so white rhinos and 4,800 critically endangered black rhinos, has in recent years witnessed an unprecedented spike in sophisticated, violent and organized rhino-related criminal activities.
Last year 448 rhinos were killed compared to 13 animals in 2007.
South Africa has lately scaled up its fight against illegal poaching and trade in rhinos horns, arresting 176 suspects so far this year, more than the 165 arrested in the 12 months of 2010.
"It seems this year that efforts are beginning to pay off. We have seen a great increase in arrests. We are also beginning to see some significant sentencing," said Jo Shaw, co-author of the report.
But she warned that even with the successful stories of high-value arrests the criminal syndicates appeared generally to be a step ahead — better equipped, well funded.
"As anti-poaching security levels are stepped up, the poaching gangs become more aggressive and increasingly sophisticated," she said.
The report named Vietnam as the worst offender fuelling the trade in the black market for rhino horns.
"The bottom line is that we are not close to ending this crisis yet, we are probably going to get record numbers this year," warned the report's co-author Tom Milliken, who is also an expert on rhinos at TRAFFIC.
The grounded horn, which is believed by some to cure cancers, has taken on a new use and is now being pushed as a recreational drug mixed with drinks at elite "rhino wine associations" parties in the belief that it cures hangover.
The report says the only way to end illegal rhino hunting is to cut off the demand, by pushing Vietnam to boldly show commitment and decisively enforce laws that prohibit trade in the horns.
It was revealed at the launch of the report that South Africa and Vietnam are set to sign a landmark deal to help stem rhino poaching and the illicit trade in rhino horns.
"I think the heat is clearly on Vietnam. I think we are going to see some changes. The good news today is that the MOU with South Africa is about to be signed," said Milliken.
The network did not give details of the memorandum of understanding, but it is believed to centre on law enforcement.
Vietnam's deputy foreign affairs minister Le Loung Minh was last week in South Africa where he held talks over illegal wildlife hunting, trade and trafficking with his counterpart Ebrahim Ebrahim.
There were some "serious shortcomings" and not so great coordination in South Africa's response to rhino crime, "but the will to do right is with us", said Mavuso Msimang, an expert on rhinos in South Africa's department of environmental affairs.
Rhino crimes are receiving heavier sentences and there is now a dedicated prosecutor to handle such crimes.
A film crew in South Africa has captured the INCREDIBLE suffering of a poached rhino – the poachers often hack off the horns withouth killing the animals. I heard about this case via a story written by environmental journalist Elise Tempelhoff. Hundreds of rhinos are dying this way in South Africa every year. Please help us to use "THE TRAGIC STORY OF GEZA THE RHINO" as a tool to help change the culture of using rhino horn – at least then this one animal did not die this horrible death in vain.
why are all horns of all rghinos injected with ink solution (technology already tested and effective and harmless to rhino) that render the horns useless?
SHOOT THESE POACHERS AND LEAVE THEM THE WAY THEY LEAVE THE RHINO. GET THEIR MONEY AND OTHER VALUABLES AND LEAVE THEM FOR OTHER POACHERS TO FIND. BET THE NUMBER OF POACHERS DROPS DRAMATICALLY.


text:
Oderhochwasser bezeichnet die größten bekannten Fluten der Oder in den Jahren:

 Oderhochwasser 1785
 Oderhochwasser 1813
 Oderhochwasser 1854
 Oderhochwasser 1902
 Oderhochwasser 1903
 Oderflutkatastrophe 1947
 Oder-Winterhochwasser 1981/82
 Oderhochwasser 1997
 Oderhochwasser 2010


On Jan. 3, researchers revealed two cybersecurity flaws present in nearly every device you own. These flaws allow hackers using malicious code to steal your passwords and other personal information. Dubbed Meltdown and Spectre, the exploits take advantage of flaws in the design of basically every device's microprocessor.
Are all devices really affected?
Meltdown affects all Intel chips, which are used in most PCs, and some ARM chips, which are used in most smartphones. Spectre affects those chips too, as well as designs from Advanced Micro Devices (AMD). This means the flaws potentially extend to nearly all devices powered by those chipsets, including desktop computers, laptops, smartphones, tablets and servers that run cloud services.
Cloud computing services are especially at risk because each server on a cloud service is typically shared by a number of different customers. This means that by taking advantage of the Meltdown flaw, a malicious actor could simply load software onto a cloud server and then potentially grab sensitive information from anyone else who is storing data on or accessing that server.
Phones, tablets and computers are more difficult targets because hackers must first get their software onto the device. For this reason, it's important to be cautious of malicious or copycat apps or websites.
First update your operating systems and apps like your web browser and antivirus software. Also consider installing an ad blocker. Most websites don't have strict control over the ads that appear on their sites, and malicious code can sometimes appear inside ad networks. Companies will continue to release additional patches for these issues, so update often.
No incidents of hackers exploiting these vulnerabilities "in the wild" have been reported yet, but it's only a matter of time – so don't wait to protect your information.
Will I need to replace my hardware?
While the U.S. Computer Emergency Readiness Team (CERT) initially believed that total hardware replacement would be necessary to completely protect against Meltdown and Spectre, it now recommends users "apply updates" as the solution.
Still, others say that in the long term, Spectre may in fact be impossible to defend against entirely without updating hardware. Thankfully, Spectre is much harder for hackers to exploit.
What patches and updates exist?
CERT has compiled a helpful list of cybersecurity patches published in response to the vulnerabilities. They will continue to update the list as more updates are available. You can access it here.
Will applying the patches slow down my device?
Some experts claim that patches for Spectre will negatively impact CPU performance to a greater degree than Meltdown patches. We expect to see more research on this in the coming days.


College interviews can be a lot. It feels like you have to impress the interviewer in a short amount of time and fit in as much information about yourself as possible. You have to appear professional, yet friendly enough to let your true personality shine through.
But as much as they appear difficult, they are also opportunities for you to learn more about the school. Topics can range from career aspirations to favorite Netflix shows, and interviews can truly show who you are besides grades and test scores. Here are a few things I learned about a good interview as both an interviewer and an interviewee.
Interviewers almost always ask if you have any questions at the end. Asking questions shows that you are truly interested in the school and self-directed enough to ask questions. Always prepare questions in advance so that even if you can't think of any questions during the interview, you have some ready. Asking good questions at the end is a chance to leave a good impression!
2. Talk in-depth about only a few relevant experiences and interests.
You can be involved in many different clubs and play ten different instruments, but interviews unfortunately have a time-limit and the content should stay relevant to your academic and future aspirations. Some of the best interviews I've had were when students are able to go into great detail about one or two experiences, explaining everything from what the experience was like to what they took away from it. It is more advantageous to talk deeply and passionately about one activity that you're involved in instead of trying to show off how many activities you do.
Kind of obvious, but surprisingly many students do not research about the school before interviews. As a result, they have no questions for me regarding the school and the interview feels as if it could be for any other school, not specifically Rochester. Researching about the school and thinking about different aspects of the school that interest you will make your interview more memorable.
4. Think of the interview as a conversation, not question-and-answer time.
As an interviewer myself, I greatly appreciate it when I am able to learn something new or take away something valuable from the interview. Think about the interview as not just a time when you answer questions, but as a conversation with the interviewer. Try to engage the other person by asking questions and giving detailed answers instead of just yes-or-no response.
Successful college interviews are just like any other good conversations; when you are able to walk away from them feeling satisfied and enriched with new knowledge. Don't be nervous. Have fun with it!


Don't see an AA-filter option for the S1R, a pity. Smart choice in first lenses. The 70-200mm is oddly heavy and wide (77mm filter) for an f4 lens of this type.the 0.25x mag. at 0.92m MFD makes me wonder if they tried to make it not focus breath (for video)?
The 50mm f1.4... 13 elements (2 less than the Canon RF 50mm) and the same weight as that Canon, while only being f1.4. Nice bokeh though (judging from one shot). Also quite a bit longer than the Canon.
And, nice to see that they gave the 24-105mm f4 1:2 macro ability.
New Pana could do pretty good. They don't go for volume (which is not a bad strategy considering market is shrinking), instead they play nicely their competitive advantages: excelent IBIS with dual IS and pixel shift as well as strongest video on the market, now both with 35mm sensor and with lenses able to pull focus manually. As bonus there is best in class EVF, able to lure in current DSLR users. I bet Sigma will also fill in with lower cost lenses soon.
This camerass are first MILCs with no compromises for pros, in particular for those that find Sony too small. The move that Canikon could not pull off as they have DSLR line to protect.
Good move. Will be fun to watch.
Press release claims supressed (no, minimal ?) focus breathing for all 3 lenses, I didn't notice info about parfocal design.
In intro video, DPReview's Jordan seems pretty impressed with 3 new lenses' suitability for video work.
Insanely expensive - even the bodies. No clue if it offers anything for the high prices. But at that price point and weight it better be good or will sink fast.
(02-02-2019, 12:09 AM)you2 Wrote: Insanely expensive - even the bodies. No clue if it offers anything for the high prices. But at that price point and weight it better be good or will sink fast.
They're not "insanely" expensive: the S1 is $200-400 more than the Nikon Z6 and the Canon R, but the Canon and Panasonic kits with their respective 24-105 f4 lens are actually the same price, $3400 (the Nikon kit is a lot more affordable, thanks to a simpler 24-70 f4 lens). The Panasonic lenses are more costly or have slightly lower specs than their Canon equivalents, but I guess that's mostly due to expected volume of sales.
To me, it seems that Panasonic tried to go straight for the professional market: 4K60, best viewfinder currently on the market (apparently), IBIS with OIS in certain lenses, and dual card slots. Canon and Nikon, on the other hand, have targeted the prosumer and wealthy amateurs first rather than professionals, with cameras that have several issues for pros (one card slot, disappointing autofocus, poor 4k recording capacities).
The question is "Will that work for Panasonic?". It seems to me that they are taking a lot of risks... but, if they ever want to break into professional photography and compete against Canon and Nikon (and Sony), now is the only time to do it, while the industry is shifting from DSLR to Mirrorless.
The L-mount has already more lenses to choose from (without an adapter) than the current offerings of Nikon and Canon. I don't see why Sigma should prioritize it? They can adapt the other 22 Art lenses to L-mount like they did with some of them for Sony mount, but then they're still heavy bricks.
I don't know if they'll make it in time to the party or if the 187 MP (or what remains of it in real world prints) doesn't attract potential customers more than a Sigma Foveon FF. Sigma has limited resources, I wonder what their next moves will be. But for sure they will offer a mount conversion service which makes sense for longer FL. However, If I had knew the specs of the Panasonics, I doubt I would go on with Nikon. Right now, investing in mirrorless FF appears to be like gambling with shares.
Sigma will release cameras for L-mount which would be an argument to prioritize the mount - if they think that cameras are more than a hobby (which wasn't the case so far).


Adding Embossed Background with Dies using Winnie & Walter stamps and dies.
Hi crafty friends! Happy Small Business Saturday! Did you know that our business started on the dining room table of SSS President, Heidi Crowl?
I used Needlework Motif stamp set as a focal background and toned it with soft Coral Bliss Crisp Dye ink.
I stamped the sentiment using the You're Too Kind stamp set and gold embossing powder.
Free Gift with $75 Purchase with code – WHILE SUPPLIES LAST! appeared first on Simon Says Stamp Blog.
... the Alcohol markers from Altenew. For the inside pages I kept things simple using white cardstock and some patterned paper or patterned paper elements.
To make the colors pop just a bit more, I added a bit of green to the butterfly center. Blend the green in with the blues using a feathering technique.
... silver embossed the stamp image 3 times onto watercolor cardstock. I cut out my layers to where I had an outside, center and then the detail of the sun.
To celebrate that gratitude, we are having a ONE DAY THANKSGIVING SALE! Please shop our Simon Says Stamp brand with the code TGVG549 and take 30% off.
I also used newest Halftone Squares stamp set for a background. I used soft pink colors with a touch of green for leaves.
Ink was applied to the largest stamp using a Memento Rose Bud marker.
Once the paint was completely dry, I stamped some designs onto Dina Wakley Collage Paper and added them to the background with Matte Gel Medium.
Once I had the background put together, I die cut Simon Says Stamp "SummerTime" and the Everette letters "FUN" in white and black for contrast.
Alcohol inks work great for adding color to your embellishments. Try coloring buttons, bling, alphabet stickers, ribbon, twine, and metal embellishments.
For the flowers, I used the Happy Bloom Stamp Set and colored them with the Artist Markers.
I also cut apart pieces of the Circle Border and colored them with alcohol ink as well.
16 Aug 2018 | |Paper Castles | Altenew August 2018 Blog Hop! | My next card was made using the Mega Greetings 2 Stamp and Die set.
13 June 2018 | Laura Fadora | Altenew June 2018 Stamp/Die Release Blog Hop | My first project features Moroccan Mosaic Background stamp set.
Christmas Mermaid, my digital image for Whimsy Stamps, illustrated and coloured by me, Crissy Armstrong.
9 Sept 2018 | Mustesormi | Sweet Pea | I used stamps from Altenew's 'Sweetest Peas' set and watercoloured them with the Altenew watercolours.
Lostinpaper: Stamping a Sentiment Background with Altenew!
A WONDERFUL NEW TECHNIQUE to create fake "watercolor" with your markers, and a sponge. "FIND" flowers in the stamping, but excellent for backgrounds, too!
Compare the Blick Studio Brush Markers, Concept Markers and Bic Mark-it Markers to save money and buy more.
Welcome to another week of Krafty Tips and Tutes here at Kraftin' Kimmie Stamps! Each week one of our fabulous Krafty Girls will be.