text:
\section{INTRODUCTION}
\section{Introduction}
Stellar moving groups are ensembles of gravitationally unbound stars moving with
almost identical space motions
(Montes et al. 2001, Chumak \& Rastorguev 2006).
IC 2391 is an interesting target which represents an open cluster
as well as a stellar moving group (a.k.a. stream, flow, or supercluster).
The young moving group IC~2391 was discovered by Eggen (1991).
In the Gaia era, with the availability of extremely precise data,
moving groups are seeing new limelight
to understand the Galactic disk in the solar neighborhood.
Also, young clusters like IC~2391 in the solar vicinity enable us to characterize
the abundance of our immediate portion of the Galactic disk
(D'Orazi \& Randich 2009).

IC~2391 (other names: MWSC~1529, Cl~VDBH~42, omi~Vel~Cluster, C~0838-528, Escorial~31)
is a nearby young open star cluster located in south of the Galactic plane
($\alpha_{2000}=08^h 40^m 32\fsg0$, $\delta_{2000}=-53^\circ 02^m 00^s$)
with Galactic coordinates $(l,b)=(270\fdg3622, -06 \fdg8387)$.

Due to its proximity, richness and
low reddening, the cluster is well-studied in a wide range of frequencies from
X-ray (Marino et al. 2005a),
optical (Pagano et al. 2009),
infrared (e.g. Siegler et al. 2007, Parker \& Tinney 2013)
to radio (Lim et al. 1996).
IC 2391 is known to harbour stars
which have just arrived on the zero-age main-sequence (Marino et al. 2005a).
The cluster consists of stars with spectral types ranging from B to M which
makes it interesting for studies of fast rotators
(Marino et al. 2005b). The cluster is expected to have lost a
significant amount of its population via evaporation caused by
dynamical processes (Boudreault \& Bailer-Jones 2009).

The cluster's heliocentric distance has been studied by various authors over the years.
Efremov et al. (1997) gave Hipparcos (ESA 1997)-based distance
modulus of IC~2391, $(m-M)=$ 5.84.
Using Hipparcos data for 11 stars, Robichon et al. (1999) obtained a distance of
$146^{+48}_{-45}$~pc.
Dodd (2004) evaluated the cluster's distance as $147\pm 5.5$~pc.
Barrado y  Navascu{\'e}s et al. (2004)
determined an age of 50 Myr for IC 2391
from the excess of lithium in the atmospheres of stars.
Platais et al. (2007) gave a slightly lower value (40 Myr) of its age using main-sequence fitting.
IC 2391 is known to have a low reddening value, $E(B-V)=0.01$ (Randich et al. 2001).

The proper motion of the cluster was given by Loktin (2003) as
($\mu_\alpha\cos\delta, \mu_\delta = -25.05\pm 0.34, 22.65\pm 0.28$~mas~yr$^{-1}$),
while Dodd (2004) gave mean proper motion components
$=-25.04\pm 1.53$ and $23.19\pm 1.23$~mas~yr$^{-1}$.
Both of these works used Tycho-2 catalogue (H{\o}g et al. 2000).
Dias et al. (2002) listed the value of the proper motion components as
$-24.97\pm 0.30$ and $22.70\pm 0.30$~mas~yr$^{-1}$.
The radial velocity of IC~2391 is $12.487\pm 3.533$~km~s$^{-1}$
as given by Conrad et al. (2014)
and about $14.49\pm 0.14$~km~s$^{-1}$ according to Dias  et al. (2002).

In the 3D velocity space, a kinematical stream (or, moving group)
of several dozens of stars
is associated with IC~2391 open cluster.
Eggen (1991) discovered the stream and used the term ``supercluster'' for it.
Montes et al. (2001) prepared a modern list of the member stars of IC~2391 stream.
The visible dimensions of the stream (in $V$) are $60$'$.00\times60$'$.00$.
The member stars of the stream occupy a broad area of the sky,
with its stars being scattered almost throughout the northern hemisphere.
Eggen (1991, 1995) suggested an age spread among the stream's stars.
Montes et al. (2001) provided an age estimate of 35 Myr for the stream.

With its unprecedented high accuracy,
the Gaia data allows us to address the question of the reliability
of the joint origin and the possible spatial-kinematic
connection of the star stream and cluster.
In this paper, we used two lists of stars:
cluster members of IC 2391 listed in Cantat-Gaudin et al. (2018)
and
another list of stars belonging to the stream from Montes et al. (2001).
Data for the cluster and the stream's stars can be found in Table~\ref{IC2391_tab1}
and Table~\ref{IC2391_tab2}, respectively.
We will use these parameters to determine apex positions (example, Vereshchagin et al. 2014;
Elsanhoury et al. 2016, 2018) for the cluster and the stream
using both convergent point method (CP) and AD-diagram method.
We also study the space motion, the velocity ellipsoids, the shape in the space and
birthplaces for both cluster and the stream.

The structure of this article is as follows: Section~\ref{OBS} explains the data used in this study.
Section~\ref{KINE} deals with the kinematical properties.
The next Section shows velocity ellipsoid parameters.
In Section~\ref{SHAPE}, we discuss the cluster's shape in space.
Section~\ref{BIRTH} gives the birthplaces of the IC~2391 cluster and the stream.
The conclusions of this work are presented in Section~\ref{CONC}.

\begin{table*}
\caption{Data for 39 stars of IC~2391 cluster.
The star list is taken from Cantat-Gaudin et al. (2018).
Apex positions and distance mentioned in the table are determined in this paper.}
\centering
\resizebox{\textwidth}{!}{
\begin{tabular}{cccccccccccccc}
\hline\hline\noalign{\smallskip}
GDR2&$\alpha_{J2015.5}$&$\delta_{J2015.5}$&$\pi$&$\sigma_\pi$&$\mu_\alpha$&$\sigma_{\mu_\alpha}$&$\mu_\delta$&$\sigma_{\mu_\delta}$&$V_r$&$\sigma_{V_r}$&$A$&$D$&d\\
&deg&deg&\multicolumn{2}{c}{mas}&\multicolumn{2}{c}{mas~yr$^{-1}$}&\multicolumn{2}{c}{mas~yr$^{-1}$}&\multicolumn{2}{c}{km~s$^{-1}$}&deg&deg&pc\\
\hline\noalign{\smallskip}
5317423293481147264&131.89258&-54.48348&6.55&0.02&-25.28&0.05&23.66&0.04&12.86&2.16&91.38&-1.04&151.65\\
5317884439832479872&130.75151&-53.90202&6.38&0.03&-23.29&0.06&22.85&0.06&16.48&4.82&94.29&-6.48&155.07\\
5317887321743547264&130.57572&-53.90217&6.64&0.04&-24.63&0.06&23.31&0.06&16.12&0.68&93.10&-6.34&148.84\\
5317906155187202176&130.34457&-53.63577&6.53&0.02&-24.91&0.04&23.20&0.05&16.51&1.32&92.58&-6.38&152.00\\
5318059532750974720&129.84384&-53.91815&6.48&0.05&-24.45&0.10&23.44&0.11&16.94&0.94&92.95&-6.86&151.61\\
5318069604459639552&129.10085&-54.01815&6.47&0.02&-23.69&0.04&23.38&0.05&14.11&2.21&91.02&-2.74&153.43\\
5318077507199948672&129.46469&-53.76262&6.68&0.02&-24.73&0.04&23.76&0.04&14.86&0.80&91.36&-4.04&148.63\\
5318093243960659456&130.20441&-53.62916&6.71&0.02&-24.04&0.04&23.80&0.04&13.55&0.61&91.99&-1.96&147.95\\
5318097916884923520&130.07602&-53.50790&6.60&0.02&-23.75&0.04&22.46&0.04&14.52&2.49&91.78&-4.32&150.34\\
5318150349846655488&128.93185&-53.35554&6.34&0.28&-24.26&0.53&23.51&0.50&17.61&7.77&92.55&-6.79&141.98\\
5318162238316886528&129.74460&-53.32008&6.60&0.02&-24.90&0.04&23.00&0.04&16.87&11.83&92.27&-7.11&150.20\\
5318170828251553792&129.31320&-53.33834&6.58&0.01&-24.02&0.03&23.07&0.03&9.66&12.47&87.13&4.84&151.29\\
5318176875565072768&129.22895&-53.14275&6.71&0.02&-23.96&0.05&23.78&0.04&16.20&1.52&93.07&-5.74&147.95\\
5318185667356683392&129.48414&-52.95143&6.66&0.03&-23.73&0.05&23.74&0.05&11.05&5.75&89.51&2.94&148.52\\
5318186221414047104&129.59528&-52.94657&6.66&0.02&-25.24&0.05&24.23&0.04&15.43&0.71&91.67&-3.76&148.91\\
5318229274167094656&131.56346&-53.75616&6.65&0.03&-24.66&0.05&22.92&0.04&16.00&0.83&93.73&-6.46&149.00\\
5318267653995965568&131.04233&-53.72592&6.68&0.03&-25.05&0.05&23.87&0.05&12.63&1.28&90.96&-0.33&148.43\\
5318296275658773888&131.44960&-53.43063&6.71&0.03&-26.09&0.05&23.48&0.05&15.83&8.73&92.44&-5.54&147.70\\
5318328676892604800&131.36203&-52.86715&6.65&0.02&-25.58&0.05&23.42&0.04&11.48&1.97&89.35&1.93&149.08\\
5318474941990522368&130.35768&-53.37808&6.65&0.03&-25.04&0.05&25.06&0.04&20.72&11.17&96.58&-10.53&149.08\\
5318504426950057728&130.49085&-52.87044&6.58&0.03&-25.73&0.05&22.70&0.05&17.12&2.11&92.07&-7.22&150.46\\
5318521671232021632&131.10882&-52.70888&6.58&0.03&-24.87&0.05&23.38&0.04&13.84&2.47&91.66&-1.62&150.78\\
5318532189619619328&130.98653&-52.68479&6.68&0.09&-22.95&0.16&22.84&0.14&14.84&3.70&94.33&-4.13&145.82\\
5318536999982933248&130.82442&-52.60302&6.52&0.03&-24.65&0.05&22.76&0.05&14.15&1.45&91.32&-2.43&151.65\\
5318541982138813824&129.99375&-53.05061&6.61&0.04&-25.30&0.07&24.69&0.07&17.24&0.83&93.48&-5.86&149.03\\
5318545521198976000&129.97087&-52.96569&6.56&0.02&-24.35&0.04&23.90&0.04&16.85&1.66&93.65&-5.87&151.25\\
5318546139674245888&129.92918&-52.96414&6.64&0.03&-25.44&0.05&22.48&0.05&16.78&2.79&91.52&-7.25&149.37\\
5318546822567826944&130.06753&-52.94134&6.54&0.03&-23.22&0.04&23.23&0.04&7.14&5.52&86.58&10.31&151.57\\
5318549678727766656&130.29139&-52.90283&6.58&0.03&-25.68&0.05&22.85&0.06&11.52&13.40&87.63&1.57&150.76\\
5318565656005527936&129.76157&-52.71059&6.50&0.02&-23.71&0.05&23.82&0.05&11.82&3.91&90.27&2.36&152.49\\
5318567958108066944&130.00665&-52.70338&6.64&0.03&-24.57&0.06&23.38&0.05&15.65&0.49&92.38&-4.63&149.21\\
5318647466543875584&131.91069&-52.26934&6.95&0.09&-25.41&0.16&24.42&0.18&16.68&2.97&95.37&-5.90&139.45\\
5321176205843037440&128.55421&-52.97214&6.70&0.02&-24.41&0.04&24.29&0.04&15.12&1.26&91.44&-3.43&148.14\\
5321188953307253760&129.35248&-52.90294&6.54&0.02&-23.94&0.05&22.51&0.05&15.50&4.71&91.55&-5.11&151.52\\
5321275295028390912&128.57546&-52.26594&6.44&0.02&-23.47&0.04&23.07&0.04&14.90&0.59&91.11&-2.80&153.80\\
5321280728169745536&128.75480&-52.23363&6.83&0.02&-24.52&0.04&24.36&0.04&17.26&2.55&93.34&-6.39&145.36\\
5321517672922567040&127.18998&-52.09067&6.42&0.02&-23.03&0.04&23.05&0.04&12.65&1.79&88.45&1.00&154.60\\
5321600445535344000&129.65022&-52.11067&6.63&0.03&-24.97&0.05&23.59&0.04&11.74&6.47&88.62&2.30&149.66\\
5321723109802924416&130.91001&-51.50794&6.54&0.05&-25.61&0.06&23.41&0.06&16.05&1.57&92.33&-3.85&150.41\\
\hline
\label{IC2391_tab1}
\end{tabular}
}
\end{table*}

\begin{table*}
\caption{Data listed for star stream in Montes et al. (2001)
cross-matched with other data sources to obtain astrometric parameters
and radial velocity.
Apex positions mentioned in the table are determined in this paper.
This table has 57 entries (see, Section~\ref{OBS}).
The values of parallaxes ($\pi$) and proper motions with their errors are taken from GDR2.
For the stars with no entries in GDR2 (with HIP numbers 11072 and 62686),
the values and errors of $\pi$ and proper motions are taken from van Leeuwen (2007).
Pairs of stars marked with an asterisk (*) near HIP number are considered likely double or binary stars.
The ``Ref.'' column contains the references for
$V_r$ and $\sigma_{V_r}$ according to:
a -- GDR2,
b -- Gontcharov (2006),
c -- Wilson(1963),
d -- Tokovinin(2013),
e -- Famaey et al.(2005) and
f -- White et al. (2007).}
\centering
\resizebox{\textwidth}{!}{
\begin{tabular}{cccccccccccccc}
\hline\hline\noalign{\smallskip}
HIP&GDR2&$\pi$&$\sigma_\pi$&$\mu_\alpha$&$\sigma_{\mu_\alpha}$&$\mu_\delta$&$\sigma_{\mu_\delta}$& $V_r$&$\sigma_{V_r}$&Ref.&$A$&$D$&d\\
&&mas&mas&\multicolumn{2}{c}{mas~yr$^{-1}$}&\multicolumn{2}{c}{mas~yr$^{-1}$}&\multicolumn{2}{c}{km~s$^{-1}$}&&deg&deg&pc\\
\hline\noalign{\smallskip}
4979&2538159890494125184&16.95&0.07&122.91&0.15&-40.36&0.07&5.6&2.90&         b&96.27&-17.73&58.44\\
 6869&2593154747696080640&19.39&0.06&112.68&0.11&-33.45&0.12&8.61&0.16&       a&91.00&-10.16&51.19\\
10175$^*$&77161217776670208&23.32&0.06&113.92&0.11&-72.09&0.10&25.09&0.21&    a&72.47&-12.91&42.64\\
10175$^*$&77161222072044288&23.26&0.05&111.01&0.09&-73.34&0.09&22.6&2.00&     c&74.31&-15.07&42.78\\
11072&--&45.53&0.82&196.61&0.81&-4.98&0.58&16.7&0.10&                         d&89.28&-15.85&21.07\\
12326$^*$&4741722617241539456&17.04&0.16&64.82&0.29&54.02&0.28&13.63&1.20&    a&81.44&-3.85&57.43\\
12326$^*$&4741722823399969536&17.28&0.03&74.68&0.05&48.74&0.05&16.45&0.24&    a&84.56&-9.90&57.66\\
12926&114575472461716864&39.60&0.06&237.61&0.09&-149.01&0.09&14.01&0.15&      a&95.98&-15.98&25.17\\
13081&114832620743735808&43.41&0.04&279.96&0.08&-119.15&0.06&10.21&0.21&      a&105.89&-11.52&22.99\\
14150&115311458058061440&47.16&0.06&233.12&0.12&-168.44&0.12&10.09&0.13&      a&100.29&-20.30&21.15\\
14954&3265335443260522112&44.37&0.20&193.25&0.32&-69.29&0.31&19.62&0.15&      a&94.88&-15.39&22.31\\
15058$^*$&3266941481859767680&13.79&0.13&80.89&0.18&-9.32&0.22&--&--&         a&--&--&71.00\\
15058$^*$&3266941486151475456&14.98&0.23&72.09&0.30&-15.07&0.39&28.3&0.20&    b&87.33&-6.90&64.42\\
22449&3288921720024442496&124.35&0.39&462.10&0.75&12.13&0.57&22.54&3.76&      a&110.75&6.40&7.98\\
23200&3231945508509506176&40.98&0.03&39.23&0.06&-95.05&0.04&18.08&0.63&       a&88.74&-28.80&24.36\\
25119&3234412606443085824&50.39&0.11&64.45&0.32&-180.09&0.24&36.30&0.24&      a&89.96&-22.15&19.74\\
29241&2912022740481002752&17.68&0.03&-28.65&0.04&45.06&0.05&26.98&0.19&       a&77.91&-1.46&56.31\\
33690&5479222240596469632&54.47&0.02&-162.07&0.05&264.64&0.04&22.04&0.19&     a&80.38&-13.75&18.34\\
40774&3089675232224086784&44.66&0.04&-164.23&0.07&-53.49&0.05&27.35&0.17&     a&92.44&-8.80&22.34\\
42253$^*$&666296182348971776&25.45&0.04&-110.14&0.07&-102.81&0.04&23.13&0.56& a&93.78&-13.46&39.15\\
42253$^*$&666296212412465024&25.54&0.04&-108.78&0.07&-102.91&0.05&19.30&0.29& a&90.61&-17.07&39.00\\
47193&1144716265940854016&3.72&0.29&-16.79&0.61&-17.61&0.50&-6.98&0.10&       e&98.90&-18.87&265.11\\
50371&5253347574048995584&4.34&0.39&-23.92&0.63&6.73&0.63&8.06&1.15&          a&85.82&-7.18&225.37\\
50660&749024502373761664&20.64&0.08&-152.52&0.09&-58.66&0.08&2.88&0.40&       a&80.59&-15.14&48.04\\
51931&3750851328223270400&31.36&0.07&-163.87&0.09&22.62&0.09&18.79&0.18&      a&106.70&-2.15&31.74\\
52468&5254185333222868352&3.40&0.25&-14.70&0.43&2.28&0.41&9.1&0.30&           b&90.33&-16.32&292.08\\
57198&4004885655800704896&3.94&0.07&-22.86&0.09&-7.49&0.08&5.14&0.28&         a&102.86&-12.05&253.84\\
59280&1536064958579187840&39.82&0.06&-314.20&0.05&-51.00&0.07&-2.61&0.12&     a&95.36&-9.57&25.03\\
60831&1541667932396172800&21.95&0.04&-182.13&0.04&-4.69&0.05&-2.21&0.18&      a&95.77&-3.31&45.37\\
60832&1541667932396172416&21.94&0.04&-180.39&0.05&0.44&0.06&-1.91&0.19&       a&94.92&-1.88&45.38\\
62686&--&26.13&3.38&-135.82&3.60&-27.22&5.02&-2.9&0.40&                       b&100.39&-12.89&27.23\\
62758&3958028490314315008&25.81&0.04&-141.07&0.06&-37.86&0.04&-4.24&0.23&     a&101.08&-17.35&38.59\\
66252&3630092241022731136&48.73&0.06&-286.58&0.11&-91.87&0.08&-23.16&0.16&    a&72.71&-8.44&20.46\\
67412&3658911226765436032&22.94&0.06&-136.86&0.09&-44.06&0.07&-13.44&0.25&    a&91.41&-15.52&43.33\\
68076&1671816367861537408&21.75&0.03&-138.54&0.06&54.51&0.05&-15.12&0.14&     a&89.90&-15.00&45.84\\
69713&1511727333122255744&34.30&0.18&-149.63&0.27&88.89&0.30&-18.4&2.70&      b&78.48&-12.79&28.80\\
74045&1701849283160198400&33.76&0.15&-127.83&0.31&165.69&0.30&-8.72&0.77&     f&83.02&-5.46&29.33\\
77152&1224551770875466496&20.67&0.05&-88.05&0.06&37.70&0.07&-20.5&0.35&       a&98.64&-4.14&48.14\\
77749&4403292246725472384&24.59&0.04&-115.09&0.07&10.81&0.07&-24.90&0.14&     a&99.94&5.00&40.52\\
84827&5811053234948685312&25.43&0.09&-47.08&0.13&-199.34&0.18&-3.30&0.20&     a&93.73&-14.47&39.00\\
85360&5976271757721062528&21.94&0.07&-26.13&0.12&-109.38&0.09&-16.03&0.27&    a&93.76&-22.43&45.28\\
89005&2260109892505203328&31.78&0.03&-26.17&0.06&194.87&0.06&-13.88&0.36&     a&99.42&-5.16&31.40\\
90004&4153637759337630720&24.03&0.06&-23.10&0.09&-68.30&0.09&-25.52&0.14&     a&104.78&-15.71&41.39\\
93096&6711686642605457408&13.53&0.04&24.30&0.06&-72.81&0.06&-12.82&0.40&      a&87.04&-17.56&73.41\\
99803$^*$&6468703708258513024&15.51&0.06&35.37&0.08&-98.19&0.07&-17.19&0.40&  a&106.35&-3.07&63.93\\
99803$^*$&6468703712555652096&15.45&0.05&37.07&0.08&-93.29&0.06&-19.67&0.44&  a&105.59&1.39&64.26\\
101262&1863898674120773760&37.13&0.03&141.86&0.05&16.81&0.06&-26.72&0.17&     a&90.15&-23.83&26.88\\
104225&2270771375724754816&31.00&0.03&108.41&0.05&66.26&0.05&-12.72&0.17&     a&86.75&-21.23&32.20\\
105232&1846882224145757056&25.45&0.06&133.59&0.11&9.56&0.11&-16.92&0.26&      a&82.42&-11.25&39.08\\
109110&2621051110038749440&27.45&0.05&176.76&0.09&-43.74&0.09&-11.31&0.63&    a&82.93&-11.15&36.27\\
109612&6508969718149502976&20.45&0.03&114.74&0.06&-65.22&0.06&-9.78&0.35&     a&97.15&-1.19&48.72\\
112909&1889703525209960960&66.42&0.07&523.78&0.10&-48.49&0.12&-2.78&0.55&     a&73.81&-6.72&15.02\\
113556&2663025241307454848&4.53&0.06&39.39&0.08&-6.67&0.08&-16.28&0.78&       a&95.69&-10.81&220.90\\
114236&6393744472971218048&17.80&0.04&103.61&0.05&-63.04&0.05&3.56&0.18&      a&103.06&-19.12&55.92\\
115288&2818000408811106688&15.61&0.18&73.65&0.37&20.25&0.22&-19&4.40&         b&121.99&0.46&62.40\\
116384&2646280705713202816&48.03&0.08&339.80&0.09&28.52&0.07&-10.44&0.52&     a&101.16&4.10&20.74\\
117410&2420563960807395072&35.47&0.90&234.22&1.45&23.16&1.30&-9.88&0.95&      a&103.04&9.14&26.58\\
\hline
\label{IC2391_tab2}
\end{tabular}
}
\end{table*}

\section{Data and sample of stars}
\label{OBS}

Using Gaia Data Release 2 (GDR2, Gaia Collaboration et al., 2016, 2018)
data, Cantat-Gaudin et al. (2018) provided a list of
224 probable members of IC 2391. Out of those, 39 stars have the availability of
radial velocity information.
This list of 39 stars is used in this paper
for the analysis of IC 2391 cluster's kinematics.
The data used for cluster stars are listed in Table~\ref{IC2391_tab1}.

The distances to the stars are determined by the parallaxes $(\pi)$ from GDR2.
For each measurement of $\pi$,
the Monte Carlo method generated $N$ random variables
in the range of $(\pi\pm \sigma_\pi)$.
The resulting distribution is Gaussian with a maximum at a point with an argument value of $\pi$.
Artificially modeled parallax values are transferred to distances according to the formula
$1/\pi$, where $\pi$ is specified in arc seconds.
The distribution of the obtained distances is not normal.
By the method of least squares,
it is approximated by a curve representing the Maxwell distribution.
The argument values giving the maximum of this curve (maximum probability density)
are taken as the most likely distance values.

The list of stream stars was taken from Montes et al. (2001) and is shown in
Table~\ref{IC2391_tab2}.
The astrometric data (parallaxes and proper motions values) were
taken from GDR2 for most of the stars.
For two stars (HIP IDs 11072 and 62686),
the astrometric data were taken from van Leeuwen (2007).

Table~\ref{IC2391_tab1} and Table~\ref{IC2391_tab2} are compiled in a slightly different format:
in Table~\ref{IC2391_tab1} the first column gives GDR2 number,
while the first two columns in Table~\ref{IC2391_tab2} represent Hipparcos (HIP) and GDR2 numbers.
Then, the tables contain parallaxes ($\pi$) and their errors; proper motion components
($\mu_\alpha$, $\mu_\delta$) and their errors.
The next columns show radial velocities ($V_r$) and
their errors.
The references for the radial velocity data are mentioned in the ``Ref.'' column (Table~\ref{IC2391_tab2} only).
For Table~\ref{IC2391_tab1}, all the values of radial velocity are taken from Cantat-Gaudin et al. (2018).
The tables also present the values of apex (determined from AD-method) for individual stars determined in this work ($A, D$) and heliocentric distances ($d$).

\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=10cm]{IC2391_fig1.eps}
\caption{The AD-diagram for IC 2391 open cluster and stream.
Black crosses represent data for 39 cluster stars from
Cantat-Gaudin et al. (2018) and the data for stellar stream from Montes et al. (2001)
is presented by gray crosses. The data for the stream contains 56 entries
considering that some stars could be double or binary stars.}
\label{ic2391_fig1}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

Montes et al. (2001) originally presented a list of 53 stars for the stream associated with IC 2391.
But, while cross-matching the data with Gaia DR2, it gave us two entries in GDR2 for some stars.
This is why Table~\ref{IC2391_tab2} has 57 entries of stars.
In the case of these stars,
for the same HIP IDs, there were different GDR2 IDs.
The fact that both the entries for these stars have approximately the same astrometric parameters
give support to the notion in the favor of them being likely double or binary stars.
The double star with two entries HIP~99803 was previously known.
While  the stars with Hipparcos IDs
HIP~10175, 12326, 15058, 42253 are new likely double or binary stars.
For the star with HIP ID 15058,
one of the entries had no available measurement for the radial velocity and its error.
This limited our calculations for apex to 56 entries.

Owing to its better spatial resolution and overall superior characteristics,
Gaia results are overtaking the Hipparcos ones in their
scientific significance.
This also means that in the regions where HIP could discover one star,
Gaia may discover multiple stars.
Although we are using the stars with multiple entries as likely double or binary stars
but we are not absolutely claiming about their status as double stars.
The close values of astrometric parameters made us include these stars into our list
rather than discarding that star entirely or choosing one of the two entries.

\begin{figure*}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=14cm]{IC2391_fig2.eps}
\caption{Comparison of the spatial velocities of the stars of the cluster and the stream.
The velocities are given in km~s$^{-1}$. Cluster stars are shown in black color
and the stream stars are shown in gray.}
\label{ic2391_fig2}
\end{center}
\end{figure*}

\section{Kinematical properties}
\label{KINE}

\subsection{Apex (vertex position) of the cluster}

It is known that a moving cluster is a group of stars whose parallel motions
on the celestial sphere and its direction of proper motion will direct
towards a virtual point called convergent point or apex of this group.
This method has been used by our group to determine apex and other kinematical parameters for
open clusters M67, NGC 188 and Pleiades
(Vereshchagin et al. 2014, Elsanhoury et al. 2016, 2018).

Here, we calculate the apex for both cluster and stream represented by IC~2391
with the classical convergent point (CP) and the AD-diagram methods.

\subsubsection{The CP method}

It is a classical method which depends on the proper motion vectors components
(i.e. $\mu_\alpha\cos\delta$ and $\mu_\delta$ in mas~yr$^{-1}$).
Also, using the well-known formulae given by Smart (1968),
we can estimate the velocity components
$(V_x, V_y, V_z)$ along x, y, and z-axes
in the coordinate system centered at the Sun
for a group of $N$ cluster member stars with coordinates ($\alpha, \delta$),
at distance $r_i$ (pc), and with radial velocity $V_r$ (km~s$^{-1}$). i.e.

\begin{center}
$V_x= -4.74r_i\mu_\alpha\cos\delta\sin\alpha-4.74r_i\mu_\delta\sin\delta\cos\alpha
+V_r\cos\delta\cos\alpha$, \\
$V_y= +4.74r_i\mu_\alpha\cos\delta\cos\alpha-4.74r_i\mu_\delta\sin\delta\sin\alpha
+V_r\cos\delta\sin\alpha$, \\
$V_z=+4.74r_i\mu_\delta\cos\delta+V_r\sin\delta$.\\
\end{center}

From the above equations and letting
$\xi  = \frac{V_x}{V_z},$ $\eta = \frac{V_y}{V_z},$
we get
\[a_i \xi+b_i \eta  = c_i,\]
where the coefficients

\begin{center}
$a_i = \mu_\alpha^{(i)}\sin\delta_i\cos\alpha_i\cos\delta_i-\mu_\delta^{(i)}\sin\alpha_i$, \\
$b_i = \mu_\alpha^{(i)}\sin\delta_i\sin\alpha_i\cos\delta_i+\mu_\delta^{(i)}\cos\alpha_i$, \\
$c_i = \mu_\alpha^{(i)}\cos^2\delta_i$,
\end{center}

and the index $i$ varies from 1 to N which is the number of the cluster members. So
\begin{equation}\label{eq1}
\tan A_{CP} = \frac{\eta}{\xi},  \\
\end{equation}
\begin{equation}\label{eq2}
\tan D_{CP} = (\eta^2+\xi^2)^{-1/2}.
\end{equation}

The coordinates $(A_{CP}, D_{CP})$ of the cluster apex are derived from
the Equations (\ref{eq1}) and (\ref{eq2}).
The results on the apex position of both the cluster and the stream are presented
in Table~\ref{IC2391_tab3}.

\subsubsection{The AD-diagram method}

The formulae to construct the AD-diagram can be seen in
Chupina et al. (2001, 2006).
The value of the apex coordinates for the IC 2391
cluster using data from Table~\ref{IC2391_tab1} is
$(A_0, D_0)= (6\fhg12\pm0\fhg004, -3\fdg4\pm0\fdg3)$.
For the stellar stream, using data from Table~\ref{IC2391_tab2}
the apex position is
$(A_0, D_0)=(6\fhg21\pm0\fhg007, -11\fdg895\pm0\fdg290)$.
Figure~\ref{ic2391_fig1} presents the constructed AD-diagrams for the cluster and the stream.
It is evident that the directions of movement in space
for the cluster and the stream almost coincide.

\subsection{Space velocity components ($U, V, W$)}

In order to compute the space velocity components $U$, $V$ and $W$,
we used an equatorial-Galactic transformation explained in Liu et al. (2011).
They determined the position of the Galactic plane
using recent catalogs like
Two-Micron All-Sky Survey (2MASS, Skrutskie et al. 2006) and
defined the optimal Galactic coordinate system
by adopting the ICRS position of the
compact radio source Sagittarius A$^*$ at the Galactic center (Liu et al. 2011).

The values of space velocity components along the three axes are given by:
\begin{center}
$U=-0.0518807421V_x\!-\!0.8722226427V_y\!-\!0.4863497200V_z$,\\
$V=+0.4846922369V_x\!-\!0.4477920852V_y\!+\!0.7513692061V_z$,\\
$W=-0.8731447899V_x\!-\!0.1967483417V_y\!+\!0.4459913295V_z$.
\end{center}

Figure~\ref{ic2391_fig2} shows the components ($U$, $V$, $W$) of the spatial
velocities of the cluster stars and the stream stars,
for which the input data were taken from
Tables~\ref{IC2391_tab1} and \ref{IC2391_tab2}.
As can be seen in Figure~\ref{ic2391_fig2},
the components of space velocities of all the stars do not show much different orientation.
Thus, it can be concluded that both the cluster and the stream
move in approximately the same direction.

\section{Velocity ellipsoid parameters}
\label{VELELP}

\subsection{Formulae for the Velocity Ellipsoid Parameters}

To compute the velocity ellipsoid and its parameters for IC~2391 open cluster
and the stream, we followed the computational algorithm mentioned in Elsanhoury et al. (2015).
A brief explanation of the algorithm is given here.

The coordinates of the $i^{th}$, star with respect to axes parallel to the original axes,
but shifted to the center of the distribution
i.e. towards average velocities ($\overline{U}$, $\overline{V}$ and $\overline{W}$),
will be $(U_i-\overline{U})$; $(V_i-\overline{V})$; $(W_i-\overline{W})$.
The average velocities $\overline{U}$, $\overline{V}$ and $\overline{W}$ are defined as:
\begin{equation}\label{mediumUVW}
\overline{U} = \frac{\sum\limits_{i=1}^{N} U_i}{N},\; \overline{V} = \frac{\sum\limits_{i=1}^{N} V_i}{N},\; \overline{W} = \frac{\sum\limits_{i=1}^{N} W_i}{N}.
\end{equation}
N being the total number of stars.

Let $\xi$ be an arbitrary axis, its zero point coincident with the center of
the distribution and let $l$, $m$ and $n$ be the direction cosines of the axis
with respect to the shifted ones, then the coordinates $Q_i$ of the point $i$,
with respect to the $\xi$-axis is given by:
\begin{equation}\label{Qi}
Q_i=l(U_i-\overline{U})+m(V_i-\overline{V})+n(W_i-\overline{W}).
\end{equation}
\begin{table*}
\caption{Kinematical parameters determined in this study for the IC~2391 cluster and the star stream.}
\centering
\begin{tabular}{ccc}
\hline\hline\noalign{\smallskip}
Parameters&Results&Reference\\
\hline\noalign{\smallskip}
$N$& 39 & Table~\ref{IC2391_tab1}\\
$N$& 56 & Table~\ref{IC2391_tab2}\\
$(A, D)_{CP}$& $6\fhg17\pm 0\fhg004$, $-6\fdg88\pm 0\fdg381$ & Table~\ref{IC2391_tab1}\\
& $6\fhg07\pm 0\fhg007$, $-5\fdg00\pm 0\fdg447$ & Table~\ref{IC2391_tab2}\\
$(A_0, D_0)$& $6\fhg12\pm 0\fhg004$, $-3\fdg4\pm 0\fdg3$ & Table~\ref{IC2391_tab1}\\
& $6\fhg21\pm 0\fhg007$, $-11\fdg895\pm 0\fdg290$ & Table~\ref{IC2391_tab2}\\
& $5\fhg83, -12\fdg44$ & Montes et al. (2001)\\
& $5\fhg82, -12\fdg44$ & Eggen (1991)\\
$\left(\overline{U},\overline{V},\overline{W}\right){\mbox{km s}^{-1}}$ & $-23.634, -14.449, -5.525$ & Table~\ref{IC2391_tab1}\\
& $-21.110, -7.213, -6.653$ & Table~\ref{IC2391_tab2}\\
& $-20.6, -15.7, -9.1$ & Montes et al. (2001)\\
$\left(x_c,y_c,z_c\right){\mbox{pc}}$ & $-57.84, 68.78, -119.66$ & Table~\ref{IC2391_tab1}\\
& $4.471, -0.552, 9.287$ & Table~\ref{IC2391_tab2}\\
Space velocity (km s$^{-1}$) & $28.25\pm0.19$ & Table~\ref{IC2391_tab1}\\
$ = \left(\overline{U}^2+\overline{V}^2+\overline{W}^2\right)^{1/2}$ & $23.28\pm 0.21$ & Table~\ref{IC2391_tab2}\\
& $27.453\pm 5.24$ & Montes et al. (2001)\\
& $30.00$ & Eggen (1991)\\
$\left(\lambda_1,\lambda_2,\lambda_3\right){\mbox{km s}^{-1}}$ & $779.54, 4.83, 0.19$ & Table~\ref{IC2391_tab1}\\
& $590.65, 44.06, 10.16$ & Table~\ref{IC2391_tab2}\\
$\left(\sigma_1,\sigma_2,\sigma_3\right){\mbox{km s}^{-1}}$ & $27.92, 2.20, 0.44$ & Table~\ref{IC2391_tab1}\\
& $24.30, 6.64, 3.19$ & Table~\ref{IC2391_tab2}\\
Dispersion velocity (km s$^{-1}$) & $28.11\pm0.18$ & Table~\ref{IC2391_tab1}\\
& $25.39\pm 0.20$ & Table~\ref{IC2391_tab2}\\
$\left(l_1,m_1,n_1\right){\mbox{deg}}$ & $0.83, 0.51, 0.20$ & Table~\ref{IC2391_tab1}\\
& $0.89, 0.34, 0.30$ & Table~\ref{IC2391_tab2}\\
$\left(l_2,m_2,n_2\right){\mbox{deg}}$ & $-0.53, 0.85, 0.01$ & Table~\ref{IC2391_tab1}\\
& $-0.36, 0.13, 0.92$ & Table~\ref{IC2391_tab2}\\
$\left(l_3,m_3,n_3\right){\mbox{deg}}$ & $0.16, 0.11, -0.98$ & Table~\ref{IC2391_tab1}\\
& $0.28, -0.93, 0.24$ & Table~\ref{IC2391_tab2}\\
$L_j,\, j=1,2,3$ & $-31\fdg655, -121\fdg757, 145\fdg685$ & Table~\ref{IC2391_tab1}\\
& $-20\fdg941, -159\fdg951, -106\fdg453$ & Table~\ref{IC2391_tab2}\\
$B_j,\, j=1,2,3$ &  $11\fdg286, 0\fdg511, -78\fdg702$ & Table~\ref{IC2391_tab1}\\
& $17\fdg490, 67\fdg342, 13\fdg946$ & Table~\ref{IC2391_tab2}\\
$S_{\odot}$,  km s$^{-1}$ &  $28.25\pm0.19$  & Table~\ref{IC2391_tab1}\\
& $23.28\pm 0.21$ & Table~\ref{IC2391_tab2}\\
$l_A $  & $-31\fdg439$ & Table~\ref{IC2391_tab1}\\
& $-18\fdg866$ & Table~\ref{IC2391_tab2}\\
$b_A$  & $11\fdg279$ & Table~\ref{IC2391_tab1}\\
& $16\fdg609$ & Table~\ref{IC2391_tab2}\\
\hline
\label{IC2391_tab3}
\end{tabular}
\end{table*}

If the measured scatter components are $Q_i$, a generalization of the mean square deviation can be defined as
\begin{equation}\label{mediumQ}
\sigma^2 = \frac{1}{N}\sum\limits_{i=1}^{N} Q^2_i.
\end{equation}
From equations (\ref{mediumUVW}), (\ref{Qi}) and (\ref{mediumQ}) we deduce
that
$\sigma^2=\underline{x}^TB\underline{x}$,
where $\underline{x}$ is the $(3\times1)$ direction cosines vector
and $B$ is $(3\times3)$ symmetric matrix with elements $\mu_{ij}$:
\begin{center}
$\mu_{11}=\frac{1}{N}\sum\limits_{i=1}^{N}U^2_i-(\overline{U})^2;\;\mu_{12}=\frac{1}{N}\sum\limits_{i=1}^{N}U_iV_i-\overline{U}\overline{V}$;\\
$\mu_{13}=\frac{1}{N}\sum\limits_{i=1}^{N}U_iW_i-\overline{U}\overline{W};\;\mu_{22}=\frac{1}{N}\sum\limits_{i=1}^{N}V^2_i-(\overline{V})^2$;\\
$\mu_{23}=\frac{1}{N}\sum\limits_{i=1}^{N}V_iW_i-\overline{V}\overline{W};\;\mu_{33}=\frac{1}{N}\sum\limits_{i=1}^{N}W^2_i-(\overline{W})^2$.
\end{center}
The necessary conditions for an extremum are now
\begin{equation}
\label{B_lam_I_0}
(B-\lambda I)\underline{x}=0.
\end{equation}
These are three homogeneous equations in three unknowns,
which have a nontrivial solution if and only if
\begin{equation}
\label{det_lam}
D(\lambda)=\left|B-\lambda I\right|=0,
\end{equation}
where $\lambda$ is the eigenvalue, and $\underline{x}$ and $B$ are given as:

\begin{center}
$\underline{x}$=
$\left[
\begin{array}{c}
l\\
m\\
n
\end{array}
\right] $
and
$B$=
$\left[
\begin{array}{ccc}
\mu_{11}&\mu_{12}&\mu_{13}\\
\mu_{21}&\mu_{22}&\mu_{23}\\
\mu_{31}&\mu_{32}&\mu_{33}\\
\end{array}
\right] $
\end{center}

Equation (\ref{det_lam}) is the characteristic equation for the matrix $B$.
The required roots (i.e. eigenvalues) are
\begin{center}
$\lambda_1=\:\:2\,\rho^\frac{1}{3}\cos\frac{\phi}{3}-\frac{k_1}{3}$;\\
$\lambda_2=-\rho^\frac{1}{3}\left(\cos\frac{\phi}{3}+\sqrt{3}\sin\frac{\phi}{3}\right)-\frac{k_1}{3}$;\\
$\lambda_3=-\rho^\frac{1}{3}\left(\cos\frac{\phi}{3}-\sqrt{3}\sin\frac{\phi}{3}\right)-\frac{k_1}{3}$,
\end{center}
where
\begin{center}
$k_1\!=-\left(\mu_{11}+\mu_{22}+\mu_{33}\right)$;\\
$k_2\!=\mu_{11}\mu_{22}+\mu_{11}\mu_{33}+\mu_{22}\mu_{33}-\left(\mu^2_{12}+\mu^2_{13}+\mu^2_{23}\right)$;\\
$k_3\!=\mu^2_{12}\mu_{33}\!+\!\mu^2_{13}\mu_{22}\!+\!\mu^2_{23}\mu_{11}\!-\!\mu_{11}\mu_{22}\mu_{33}\!-\!2\mu_{12}\mu_{13}\mu_{23}$;\\
$q=\frac{1}{3}k_2-\frac{1}{9}k^2_1;\;\;\; r=\frac{1}{6}\left(k_1k_2-3k_3\right)-\frac{1}{27}k^3_1$;\\
$\rho=\sqrt{-q^3};\quad\quad x=\rho^2-r^2$;\\
$\phi=\tan^{-1}\left(\frac{\sqrt{x}}{r}\right)$.
\end{center}

Depending on the matrix that controls the eigenvalue problem
(Equation~\ref{B_lam_I_0}) for the velocity ellipsoid,
we establish analytical expressions of some parameters
for the correlations studies in terms of the matrix elements
$\mu_{ij}$ of the eigenvalue problem for the velocity ellipsoid
 (i.e. Velocity Ellipsoid Parameters, VEPs).

\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=10cm]{IC2391_fig3.eps}
\caption{
The Galactic XY plane distribution is shown here for the stream stars
(Table~\ref{IC2391_tab2}, gray crosses) -- left panel;
and for the cluster stars of IC~2391 (Table~\ref{IC2391_tab1}, black crosses) -- right panel.
In the left panel, the stars of the cluster are also visible as a small pile of black crosses at the lower side from
the center of the stream stars' distribution. Contours of equal stellar flux density are drawn in the both panels.
}
\label{ic2391_fig3}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

\subsubsection{The $\sigma_j, j\!=\!1,2,3$ parameters}

The $\sigma_j, j\!=\!1,2,3$ parameters are defined as $\sigma_j=\sqrt{\lambda_j}$.

\subsubsection{The $l_j$, $m_j$ and $n_j$ parameters}

The $l_j$, $m_j$ and $n_j$ are the direction cosines for eigenvalue problem.
We have the following expressions for $l_j$, $m_j$ and $n_j$ as
\begin{center}
$l_j =\frac{\mu_{22} \mu_{33} -\sigma_i^2\left(\mu_{22} +\mu_{33} -\sigma_i^2\right)-\mu_{23}^2}{D_j},\; j=1,2,3$;\\
$m_j =\frac{\mu_{23} \mu_{13} -\mu_{12} \mu_{33} +\sigma_{j}^{2} \mu_{12}}{D_j}, \; j=1,2,3$;\\
$n_j =\frac{\mu_{12} \mu_{23} -\mu_{13} \mu_{22} +\sigma_{j}^{2} \mu_{13}}{D_j}, \; j=1,2,3,$
\end{center}
where
\begin{center}
$D_j^2=\left(\mu_{22} \mu_{33} -\mu_{23}^{2} \right)^{2}+\left(\mu_{23} \mu_{13} -\mu_{12} \mu_{33} \right)^{2}$\\
$\!+\!\left(\mu_{12} \mu_{23} \!-\!\mu_{13} \mu_{22} \right)^{2}\!+\!2[\left(\mu_{22}\! +\!\mu_{33} \right)\left(\mu_{23}^{2}\! -\!\mu_{22} \mu_{33} \right)$\\
$\!+\!\mu_{12} \left(\mu_{23} \mu_{13} \!-\!\mu_{12} \mu_{33} \right)\!+\!
\mu_{13} \left(\mu_{12} \mu_{23}\! -\!\mu_{13} \mu_{22} \right)]\sigma_j^2$\\
$\!+\!\left(\mu_{33}^{2} +4\mu_{22} \mu_{33} +\mu_{22}^{2} \!-\!2\mu_{23}^{2} +\mu_{12}^{2} +\mu_{13}^{2} \right)\sigma_j^4$\\
$-2\left(\mu_{22} +\mu_{33} \right)\sigma_j^6 +\sigma_j^8$.
\end{center}

\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=10cm]{IC2391_fig4.eps}
\caption{The 3D picture of the cluster and stream stars in the rectangular Galactic coordinate system.
The black points are star cluster stars, while the gray points are the stream stars.}
\label{ic2391_fig4}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

Considering ($x_c, y_c, z_c$; pc) is the center of the cluster,
it can be estimated as the equatorial coordinates of the center of mass
for $N$ number of discrete objects as given below:
\begin{center}
$x_c=\frac{\sum\limits_{i=1}^{N}\left(r_i\cos\alpha_i\cos\delta_i\right)}{N}$, \\
$y_c=\frac{\sum\limits_{i=1}^{N}\left(r_i\sin\alpha_i\cos\delta_i\right)}{N}$, \\
$z_c=\frac{\sum\limits_{i=1}^{N}\left(r_i\sin\delta_i\right)}{N}$.
\end{center}

\subsubsection{The $L_j$ and $B_j$ Parameters}

Let $L_j$ and $B_j, j\! =\! 1, 2, 3$ be the Galactic longitude and the Galactic latitude of the directions which correspond to the extreme values of the dispersion, then
\[
L_j = \tan^{-1}\left(\frac{-m_j}{l_j}\right), \;\; B_j = \sin^{-1}(-n_j).
\]

\subsubsection{The Solar elements}

The Solar motion can be defined as the absolute value of the Sun's velocity
relative to the group of stars under consideration, i.e.
\[
S_{\odot} = \left(\overline{U}^2+\overline{V}^2+\overline{W}^2\right)^{1/2}\!, \mbox{  km s}^{-1}.
\]
The Galactic longitude $l_A$ and Galactic latitude $b_A$ of the Solar apex are
\[
l_A = \tan^{-1}\left(\frac{-\overline{V}}{\overline{U}}\right), \;\; b_A = \sin^{-1}\left(\frac{-\overline{W}}{S_{\odot}}\right).
\]

\subsection{VEPs calculated parameters}

We have a distribution of residual velocities of stars inside the cluster
and moving group.
In Table~\ref{IC2391_tab3} we present the results of our calculations.

\begin{figure*}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=14cm]{IC2391_fig5.eps}
\caption{Places of star formation for the cluster stars
(black crosses, data from Table~\ref{IC2391_tab1})
and for the stream stars (gray crosses, Table~\ref{IC2391_tab2}).
}
\label{ic2391_fig5}
\end{center}
\end{figure*}

\section{The cluster's and stream's shapes in space}
\label{SHAPE}

In Figure~\ref{ic2391_fig3}, the curves show contours of equal flux star density.
The kernel-density estimation was done considering Gaussian kernels (Scott, 2015)
using scipy python package (Jones et al. 2001) to make the isodensity plot.
At the periphery of the stream as well as the cluster too, stars are so few
that it is not possible to determine a significant value of density.
As can be seen in Figure~\ref{ic2391_fig3} (left panel),
the stars of the stream occupy a region stretched
roughly along (at a small angle not exceeding 40 degree) the axis OY.
The axis OY represents the direction of Galactic rotation.
The reason behind this orientation is the process leading to the decay of clusters
(from the associations containing multiple clusters)
with their gradual stretching (due to differential rotation)
along the direction of rotation of the Galactic disk.
This causes the gradual transformation of clusters into streams with their transformation
into ordered ring structures stretched around the Galactic center
(Perottoni et al. 2019, Wang et al. 2019).
Interestingly, a similar distribution of stellar flows/streams is observed in other galaxies
(Pearson et al. 2019).
The fact that the stream's stars are scattered over a wide area of the sky and there
are greater uncertainties in their selection, makes the distribution of stream stars
much more scattered than the cluster stars in Figure~\ref{ic2391_fig3}.
As for the IC~2391 cluster itself, represented by a handful of stars (from Table 1)
in Figure~\ref{ic2391_fig3} (right panel),
its spatial outlines shows the same pattern with a stretching along the OY direction.
Since the number of stars in the sample used here is small,
the structure is not defined in fine details.

Figure~\ref{ic2391_fig4} shows the 3D distribution of stars of the cluster and stream under consideration.
It is noticeable from Figure~\ref{ic2391_fig4} that the stars of the
cluster and the stream are located in separate regions in space.

\section{The birthplaces of the IC~2391 stream and open star cluster}
\label{BIRTH}

Figure~\ref{ic2391_fig5} shows the position of the stars of the cluster and the stream
approximately at the time of their formation,
determined by trial calculations of orbits back in time, up to 70 million years ago.
The galpy program was used to calculate the orbits (Bovy 2015).
Note that similar calculations carried out using another method are available
in Kharchenko et al (2009) and Chumak \& Rastorguev (2006).
Gravitational interactions among the stars of the stream were not taken into account.
For the cluster, the effect of irregular forces was not taken into account
(the dispersion of the peculiar velocities of stars, is a negligible value
compared with the spatial velocity).
In addition, the calculations did not take into account
the effect of spiral arms.
As suggested by Figure~\ref{ic2391_fig5},
we conclude that the birthplaces of the stars of the
cluster and the stream are in the same region of the disk.

\section{Conclusions}
\label{CONC}

In this work, we have determined various kinematical parameters of
the open cluster IC~2391 ($n=39$ stars) and the associated stream ($n=57$ stars).
A computational routine using the ``Mathematica'' software has been
developed to compute the kinematical structure.

We calculated the apex positions by two independent methods:
convergent point method and AD-diagram using the two data presented
in Table~\ref{IC2391_tab1} and Table~\ref{IC2391_tab2}.
We have determined the apex position with convergent point method
$(A, D)_{CP}$=($6\fhg17\pm 0\fhg004, -6\fdg88\pm 0\fdg381$; for cluster)
\& ($6\fhg07\pm0\fhg007$, $-5 \fdg00\pm0\fdg447$; for stream).
We have also obtained the apex values from AD-diagram
$(A_0, D_0)$ = ($6\fhg12\pm0\fhg004$, $-3\fdg4\pm0\fdg3$) and
($6\fhg21\pm0\fhg007$, $-11\fdg895\pm0\fdg290$)
for the cluster and the stream, respectively.
Results from both the convergent point and AD-diagram methods are almost similar.

For the cluster IC 2391 and the stream, we have determined the velocity ellipsoid parameters
(VEPs), including velocity dispersion ($\sigma_j$),
direction cosines $l_j$, $m_j$ and $n_j$,
Galactic longitude and latitude ($L_j$,$B_j$) with (j = 1, 2, 3),
and the Solar elements  $S_{\odot}$, $l_A$ and $b_A$.
The parameters of the ellipsoids of residual velocities (VEPs)
of the stars of the cluster and the stream are also determined.

It is evident from the two-dimensional Figure~\ref{ic2391_fig3}
and the 3D structure of the cluster and the stream shown in Figure~\ref{ic2391_fig4} that
the cluster and the stream are not spherically symmetric structures in the Galactic space.
They are elongated in shape and directed along the direction of Galactic rotation.
In general, all of this is consistent with the theoretical ideas
regarding the tidal forces of the Galaxy acting on a stellar system, stretching the system towards the Galactic center
and the differential rotation of the Galactic disk, turning the system in the direction of rotation.
In addition, we obtained the evidence of the genetic connection between the
star cluster IC 2391 and the stream back in time, leading to the time of their formation in the Galactic disk.

\begin{acknowledgements}
We are thankful to the referee of this paper for useful and constructive comments.
Devesh P. Sariya and Ing-Guey Jiang are supported by the grant from
the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST), Taiwan.
The grant numbers are
MOST 105-2811-M-007 -038,
MOST 105-2119-M-007 -029 -MY3, MOST 106-2112-M-007 -006 -MY3 and MOST 106-2811-M-007 -051.
This work has made use of data from the European Space Agency (ESA) mission {\it Gaia}
\footnote{https://www.cosmos.esa.int/gaia},
processed by the {\it Gaia} Data Processing and Analysis Consortium
(DPAC\footnote{https://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/gaia/dpac/consortium}).
Funding for the DPAC has been provided by national institutions,
in particular the institutions participating in the {\it Gaia} Multilateral Agreement.
This research has made use of the SIMBAD database, operated at
CDS\footnote{http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/}, Strasbourg, France, Wenger et al. (2000).
\end{acknowledgements}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
Markella Kavenagh (30 de enero de 2000) es una actriz australiana de cine y televisión.

Carrera
Después de aparecer en algunas series de televisión en su país natal, Kavenagh debutó en el cine en el papel de Jane Cotter en el largometraje True History of the Kelly Gang (2019). En julio de 2019 logró reconocimiento al ser escogida para interpretar el papel de Elanor "Nori" Brandyfoot en la serie de televisión El Señor de los Anillos: los Anillos de Poder (2022), convirtiéndose en una de las primeras actrices asociadas con el proyecto de Amazon Prime Video.

Filmografía

Cine

Televisión

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Actrices de Australia
Actrices de televisión de Australia
Actrices de cine de Australia

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
package org.apache.axis2.rmi.deploy.config;

public class PackageToNamespaceMapings {

    private PackageToNamespaceMap[] packageToNamespaceMap;

    public PackageToNamespaceMap[] getPackageToNamespaceMap() {
        return packageToNamespaceMap;
    }

    public void setPackageToNamespaceMap(PackageToNamespaceMap[] packageToNamespaceMap) {
        this.packageToNamespaceMap = packageToNamespaceMap;
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


No, this film is not a re-issue of the "Birth of a Nation" from the silent movie era, which was about the KKK. This film is by director/producer/scriptwriter/actor Nate Parker, and concerns slavery and a slave rebellion led by Nat Turner in the Deep South in 1831. There is the brutality of "12 Years As A Slave," but in "Birth Of A Nation" much of the details of brutality are implied. The term "Birth of a Nation" could be taken two ways. The birthing process of a young United States that was only 55 years old at the time of a slave rebellion. Or, the birth of a taste of freedom for slaves and that they had the power to overcome. The latter is the content of this movie, which moves swiftly through the years.
There are three things that hinder the quality of this film. One is actor Nate Parker's voice, and he speaks softly through dramatic parts of the movie, using a low tone that is sometimes lost on the audience. When speaking three sentences and the first one is not heard, it can be confusing. Second, in a few scenes where the slaves meet at night in a barn, a spotlight's glare is seen through the wood slats. Third, the sound track is too loud and intrusive to what is going on. The old axiom, "Cue the sunset...cue the music..." happens once too often here, so you could close your eyes and know what is about to happen.
As for acting, Nate Parker as Nat Turner, is on screen a great deal of the time. His demeanor is meek, which is what was expected of a slave at this time. His eyes give him away, though, and white people are quick to notice this. Preaching is part of the movie, and that is handled well, as are the turning points in Nat's life. Armie Hammer as Samuel, doesn't have to do much acting in this film, his character is a drunkard with a bottle nearby. Aja Naomi King's character of Cherry, Nat's wife, goes smoothly from dramatic to patient. Roger Guenveur Smith plays Isaiah, a house servant who dresses like a butler and is several degrees higher on the scale than a field hand. He always knows the correct thing to do, while the villain, Raymond Cobb (Jackie Earle Haley) lets you know he is the villain from ten paces away.
I kept looking at my watch, even though the film is just over two hours long. Much time is spent on the road with Nat preaching in various situations and you get the feeling that information was left behind and we are offered only a few tidbits of Nat Turner's life. No mention is made of the later years of his wife or what happened to the Turner family estate after the rebellion. So much time was spent there, it makes one curious. "Birth Of A Nation" with a loud soundtrack, intrusive music, and some dialogue faint, lacked luster. With such a subject as slavery and rebellion, the finer details can be as important as the main ones.


In an ideal world, you would have an ideal manager: One who makes time for you, mentors you, defines her expectations, gives you feedback, and supports you in getting your job done.
But it's a common misconception that you have to grin and bear it through a superior's instructions, paying no regard to whether or not her demands are reasonable. Of course you need to do your job, do it well, and even exceed expectations—but you don't have to let yourself become the girl whom everyone dumps on.
And if your manager can't or won't manage your workload, then you have to. This is called "managing up," and it's something you are allowed—and often encouraged—to do. If you do it well, it will make your job a lot easier—and you might even get positive feedback for exhibiting a take-charge, pragmatic attitude.
Here's how to be your own advocate, while still maintaining your work ethic, your reputation, and your sanity.
Unless your life is a shallowly developed book-turned-movie, your boss is probably not out to get you. She's not trying to be rude, and she's not trying to make you hate your job. If she's asked you to do something unreasonable or impractical, it's probably because she doesn't realize the amount of time the project will actually take, or she's unaware of the other projects filling your plate. So before you get mad, take a deep breath and start a conversation.
When you receive an assignment from a superior, you might feel the urge to rush around like a crazy person as you try to complete the project in record time. But you don't always have to do that. In fact, the eager assumption that something is due long before it actually is can lead to unnecessary stress and the possibility of hastily made mistakes. Don't be afraid to ask for a deadline. The request won't make you look like you're putting things off; rather, it will demonstrate that you're organized and trying to plan your time.
When someone is outlining a project for you, make sure you pay attention and ask any clarifying questions as soon as you can—even if she's trying to rush through the instructions. If you say "no problem" to an assignment when you're not entirely sure what it entails, odds are you might look foolish when you come back hours later without having made any progress.
Of course, make sure that you follow through on your promises. Your boss should respect your time, and you should respect hers. If you ask for a deadline or request to modify an assignment, make sure you stick to your side of the agreement.
Remember: Being your own advocate isn't just about managing your own workload—it's about making sure you're being the most effective, efficient, and valuable member of the team you can be. So be proactive, and you—and your boss—will be grateful in the long run.
Molly is The Daily Muse's resident bookworm. She currently works in communications and is begrudgingly learning to be a grownup. She likes coffee shops and (the bakery aisle of) grocery stores, reading about other places but not necessarily traveling to them, keeping things clean, and stalking the Harvard Opportunes, her beloved college a cappella group.


For a lot of small business faced with shrinking margins and slow paying customers the temptation to use moneys withheld from employees begins to be too much. When faced with making this week's payroll, this month's rent, or last month's vendor payments the business opts to use the payroll taxes withheld as a loan to get them through a tough time. When this happens the IRS becomes an unwilling lender to the business and gets extremely upset and makes collection of these debts job one.
If your business is facing a back payroll tax debt the most important thing you can do is not ignore the problem. If the business is being forced to "dip" into these monies to fund ongoing business obligations there is a very serious problem and it must be addressed quickly or the business faces immediate enforcement actions from the IRS.
The most important thing the business can do is "stop the bleeding" by making current Federal Tax Deposits on time and in full as well catch up on any missing tax return filings. If the business is not current and compliant there will be no working out any arrangement with the IRS. If the business cannot begin making the Federal Tax Deposits then a aggressive approach needs to be taken like a Corporate Restructure.
The IRS will also pursue the individual owners and officers of the corporation or Limited Liability Company for the Trust Fund Recovery Penalty by which they can enforce collection on these individual's income and assets.


Philosophy in one its roles joins common experience and science in labeling, measuring, connecting, and evaluating. In anything concerning natural history since the 1920s its references have had to acknowledge extremes in space, time, heat, and size beyond anything previously suspected. Problems in representation come where the gap between common sense and science widens. Measurements are especially problematic at the building block level where observation and testing affect the object. Even within the normal sensory range, nothing in systematic math or science adequately represents disorder and fine gradations among instances, a problem faced some time ago in taxonomy and species identification. Defined systems like plane geometry have limited application to the irregularities of topography, celestial debris, and galactic clusters. The grids they superimpose make orientation possible, however, as longitude and latitude allows global positioning without regard to topographical irregularities.


text:
SportLocal Sport
sport, local-sport,
PRIOR to Wednesday night Glen Judd had never driven Blaze Edition, but after what he did at the Bathurst Paceway he could find himself with the job more often. Judd produced a perfect display of driving to help the $9.50 chance to victory in the Harness Racing New South Wales Rewards Series Final (1,730 metres). Race caller Craig Easey was certainly impressed. "Got a beautiful drive at that start by Glen Judd, ended up in the one by one position and that was a winning move," he said. "It was a great drive. That will be hard to beat tonight." Glen Judd was given the job by his son, Oberon trainer Wade Judd, to drive the lightly raced six-year-old in Wednesday night's final. It was just the sixth start for the Western Edition x Bold Blaze gelding, who was chasing his first career win from a tricky wide second row draw. But Judd did a perfect job with the outsider. He got a brilliant start and found cover one-out and one-back as $2.60 favourite Josephine Brook led the way. With Soldtoyoulady over-racing in the death seat, Judd peeled out Blaze Edition three wide just before the final bend. Josephine Brook led at the top of the straight, but Blaze Edition hit the lead with 100m to go. Blaze Edition won by 3.4m over Josephine Brook, with Julenjode ($6) a head back in third. He clocked a 1:58.3 mile rate in snagging his first career win. After his success, Glen Judd thanked his son for giving him the drive on a gelding that he felt was better than his maiden status had suggested. "He has been going quite well for my son," he said. Meanwhile, Bathurst native Todd McCarthy has been selected to represent Australia at the prestigious 2019 World Driving Championships in Sweden. Now based at Cobbitty, McCarthy made history last year when he became the first person to have secured both an Australian Drivers' Championship and Australasian Young Drivers' Championship outright. This season he drove Tiger Tara to glory in the Inter Dominion and Hunter Cup, taking his career tally of Group 1 winning drives to six. "I have no doubt Todd will perform well in the demanding series and be a wonderful ambassador for Australian harness racing," Harness Racing Australia chairman Michael Taranto said. McCarthy will be one of 12 drivers involved in the championship, which runs from May 24-31. It consists of 24 heats across six race meetings. He follows in the footsteps of the legendary Tony 'AD' Turnbull who represented Australia in 1989.
https://nnimgt-a.akamaihd.net/transform/v1/crop/frm/9ujtS27vHx5Qgdp9jJ35WB/3aae7017-6236-4e6a-9993-390d49e982e2.JPG/r0_412_3515_2398_w1200_h678_fmax.jpg
February 14 2019 - 5:24PM
Glen Judd produces a great drive to see Blaze Edition win at Bathurst
HIT THE FRONT: Glen Judd guides Blaze Edition to victory at the Bathurst Paceway on Wednesday. Photo: ANYA WHITELAW
PRIOR to Wednesday night Glen Judd had never driven Blaze Edition, but after what he did at the Bathurst Paceway he could find himself with the job more often.
Judd produced a perfect display of driving to help the $9.50 chance to victory in the Harness Racing New South Wales Rewards Series Final (1,730 metres).
Race caller Craig Easey was certainly impressed.
"Got a beautiful drive at that start by Glen Judd, ended up in the one by one position and that was a winning move," he said.
"It was a great drive. That will be hard to beat tonight."
Glen Judd was given the job by his son, Oberon trainer Wade Judd, to drive the lightly raced six-year-old in Wednesday night's final.
It was just the sixth start for the Western Edition x Bold Blaze gelding, who was chasing his first career win from a tricky wide second row draw.
But Judd did a perfect job with the outsider. He got a brilliant start and found cover one-out and one-back as $2.60 favourite Josephine Brook led the way.
With Soldtoyoulady over-racing in the death seat, Judd peeled out Blaze Edition three wide just before the final bend.
Josephine Brook led at the top of the straight, but Blaze Edition hit the lead with 100m to go.
Blaze Edition won by 3.4m over Josephine Brook, with Julenjode ($6) a head back in third. He clocked a 1:58.3 mile rate in snagging his first career win.
After his success, Glen Judd thanked his son for giving him the drive on a gelding that he felt was better than his maiden status had suggested.
"He has been going quite well for my son," he said.
Meanwhile, Bathurst native Todd McCarthy has been selected to represent Australia at the prestigious 2019 World Driving Championships in Sweden.
Now based at Cobbitty, McCarthy made history last year when he became the first person to have secured both an Australian Drivers' Championship and Australasian Young Drivers' Championship outright.
This season he drove Tiger Tara to glory in the Inter Dominion and Hunter Cup, taking his career tally of Group 1 winning drives to six.
"I have no doubt Todd will perform well in the demanding series and be a wonderful ambassador for Australian harness racing," Harness Racing Australia chairman Michael Taranto said.
McCarthy will be one of 12 drivers involved in the championship, which runs from May 24-31. It consists of 24 heats across six race meetings.
He follows in the footsteps of the legendary Tony 'AD' Turnbull who represented Australia in 1989.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
A West View from Edward Hussey Delaval's House in London
George Arnald, figures by George Francis Joseph, 1813
George Arnald, figures by George Francis Joseph, A West View from Edward Hussey Delaval's House in London
Stairs Leading To Second Floor And Landing
Overall height: 70 cm, Overall width: 90 cm
George Arnald (1763-1841), figures by George Francis Joseph (1764-1846)
This view, taken from Edward Delaval's riverside house in London, looks south-west across the river to Lambeth Palace. Delaval's wife, Sarah Scott, and his daughter, Sarah Hussey Delaval, are depicted in the left foreground. Sarah Hussey Delaval, whose mother touches her arm affectionately, was by this time the wife of James Gunman, whom she had married in 1805 at nearby St Margaret's, Westminster. The picture was exhibited by George Arnald at the Royal Academy in 1813 with its pendant (DN78) as View of Lambeth, from the Top of a Gentleman's House on the Side of the Thames (241). Edward Delaval's daughter, seated, is dressed and posed in a similar fashion to her portrait by Thomas Lawrence (DN43). For a portrait of Sarah Scott by George Francis Joseph, wearing a dress identical to the one in the present picture, see DN90. In the late nineteenth century both views hung in the Library (formerly the Green Parlour) on the ground floor at Doddington Hall. Exhibited: Royal Academy 1813 (241).
by Martin Postle
John Thomas Smith, A Book for a Rainy Day: or recollections of the events of the last sixty-six years, London : Richard Bentley, 1845, p. 161 note
R.E.G. Cole, History of Doddington, otherwise Doddington-Pigot, in the County of Lincoln, and its successive owners, with pedigrees, Lincoln : James Williamson, 1897, p. 219
Related catalogue items from Doddington Hall
Elizabeth Hussey
attributed to Godfrey Kneller, c.1705–10
Landscapes with Peasants and a Monk
possibly Italian School, ? mid- to late 18th century


text:
WALLACE ARRINGTON FAIRFIELD, JR.
Wallace Arrington Fairfield, Jr., 68, passed away on July 16, 2009 in Kansas City, Mo.
He retired as a counselor from Nevada Habilitation Center in Nevada, Mo., and had taught in the York County and Newport News School Systems. Wallace received a doctorate from Montana State University and a Master's from University of Tennessee. He also served in the Marines and the Marine Reserve.
Wallace was preceded in death by his mother and father, Wallace and Beatrice Fairfield of Yorktown.
He is survived by sons, David W. Fairfield of Knoxville, Tenn., and Benjamin Fairfield; and a daughter, Megan Fairfield of Missouri. He is also survived by one granddaughter, Ashley Fairfield of Knoxville, Tenn.; two brothers, Thomas Fairfield and Janice of Ocean Springs, Miss., Randolph Fairfield and Kate of Forest, Va.; and one sister, Denise Hargraves and Rae of Somerset, Va. He has five nieces and one nephew.
There will be a visitation for family and friends from 7 to 8 p.m. Tuesday, July 21, at Amory Funeral Home in Grafton, Va. A graveside service will be held at 11 a.m. Wednesday, July 22, at Peninsula Memorial Park in Newport News, Va., with the Rev. Kay Gentry Officiating.
In lieu of flowers, the family request you make a donation to your favorite charity.


TAMPA, Fla. – An autopsy report from the Hillsborough County medical examiner says the deaths of two children left in a hot car were accidental.
The autopsy report was released Friday, saying the children died at the hospital on Aug. 15 after arriving with unnaturally high body temperatures. Eighteen-month-old Zionna Ervin and 5-month-old Kaden Warren's deaths were ruled accidental. The report said the children had hyperthermia from being left in a hot environment.
Their father, 26-year-old Michael Ervin Jr. of Valrico, faces two counts of aggravated manslaughter of a child. Authorities say he had custody of the children the day of their deaths.
Ervin was released from the Orient Road jail on Sept. 9 after posting $200,000 bail.


Enhance your alluring style wearing the Kate Spade New York™ Daesha/S sunglasses.
Decorative pattern through each arm.
We can't currently find any similar items for the Daesha/S by Kate Spade New York. Sorry!


text:
Approval For Its Covid-19 Vaccine Filed By Moderna In The US And Europe
admin2 / 30 November 2020
Application for emergency regulatory approval of its coronavirus vaccine is being filed by Moderna with regulatory bodies in the United States and Europe so that the vaccine against Covid-19 can be recommended for use among the masses.
Trial data for the mRNA vaccine will be reviewed by the regulators and then a decision on the safety and effectiveness of the vaccine will be taken to allow a public roll out of the vaccine.
Moderna has stated that 94 per cent efficacy rate of the vaccine was achieved in its clinical studies against the disease.
An application for the same approval with US regulators has already been filed by Pfizer.
Trial data of the Pfizer vaccine, as well as that from AstraZenca and Oxford University, which is another type of Covid-19 vaccine, are being reviewed by regulators in the United Kingdom.
Since Moderna now is equipped with trial data from 30,000 volunteers which includes data for high risk groups such as the elderly that indicates that the vaccine is successful and therefore the company hopes that the UK regulators will soon grant approval.
While the real vaccine was given to 15,000 people while placebo injections was given to the other participants in those studies. There were no reports of any serious side effects of the vaccine.
Serious Covid-19 illness was found in 185 people in the placebo group – some of them severely, in the clinical trials. But only 11 cases of the infection were reported in the vaccine group and none with any serious illness from the disease.
The company has not yet released full trial data and is planned to be published in a peer-reviewed journal in due course.
There are different pros and cons for the three front-runner vaccines against Covid-19.
The cost of the vaccine from AstraZeneca is at around $4 for a dose which is much cheaper compared to vaccines from Pfizer and Modernapriced at$20 and $33 respectively. Further, the AstraZeneca vaccine is also much easier to store and distribute since ultra-low temperatures are not needed for it to remain effective as is the requirement for the vaccines developed by the other two companies.
However the drawback of the AstraZeneca vaccine has also showed efficacy of between 62 per cent and 90 per cent in clinical trials which is lower compared to those from Pfizer and Moderna.
Doses of all three vaccines have already been ordered by the United Kingdom, the United States and other governments.
"This is great news indeed – the more trial data that we have, the greater confidence we have that vaccines can be used to blunt the human cost of Covid-19. As the numbers of cases reported grows, confidence grows that this amazing protection will be maintained in a product that can be rolled out to protect the public," said Dr Alexander Edwards, associate professor in biomedical technology at the University of Reading.
(Adapted from BBC.com)
30 November 2020 in Companies, Consulting, Global perspectives, Publications, Technologies.
Pfizer/BioNTech Are Being Sued By Moderna For Violating Its Patent On The COVID Vaccine
Moderna's Covid-19 Vaccine Approved By The US After Pfizer/Biontech Vaccine
Stocks Worth $5.6 Million Sold By Pfizer's CEO The Day The Firm Announced Positive Covid-19 Vaccine Trial Results
← Amazon And Apple Not Part Of French Initiative Of Setting Global Principles For 'Big Tech'
IHS Markit To Be Acquired By S&P Global In A Mega Deal Worth $44 Billion →


text:
Brooklyn priest who died from virus called 'great missionary among us'
Fr. Jorge Ortiz-Garay, pastor of St. Brigid's Church in New York City, is seen in this undated photo. The Diocese of Brooklyn pastor died March 27 from complications related to the coronavirus. (CNS, courtesy of DeSales Media Group)
BROOKLYN, N.Y. (CNS) — Bishop Nicholas DiMarzio of Brooklyn March 28 announced the death of Fr. Jorge Ortiz-Garay, 49, who died the evening before from COVID-19.
He was pastor of St. Brigid's Church in the Wyckoff Heights area of the New York borough of Brooklyn, and he also was diocesan coordinator of the ministry to Mexican immigrants.
He died at Wyckoff Hospital Medical Center in Brooklyn from complications related to the coronavirus and is believed to be the first Catholic priest in the United States to die as a result of COVID-19. Washington, D.C.-based Franciscan Brother John-Sebastian Laird-Hammond, a permanent deacon, was the first U.S. Catholic cleric to die from as a result of the virus.
"This is a sad day and a tremendous loss for the Diocese of Brooklyn. Fr. Jorge was a great priest, beloved by the Mexican people and a tireless worker for all of the faithful in Brooklyn and Queens," said Bishop DiMarzio, who issued a video statement in English and Spanish. He said Fr. Jorge, as he was called, had "underlying complications" which made him more vulnerable to the coronavirus.
The bishop called the late priest "a great missionary among us," especially in establishing the diocese's Mexican apostolate.
Bishop DiMarzio noted that it was Fr. Jorge who coordinated "the magnificent Our Lady of Guadalupe feast day traditions" in the Diocese of Brooklyn, which include a Mass attended by thousands of pilgrims followed by a torch-lit pilgrimage through the streets of Brooklyn and Queens, the two New York boroughs that make up the diocese.
He recalled the crowd of 3,000 that gathered for the feast last Dec. 12 at Brooklyn's Co-Cathedral of St. Joseph and in his video message made a special plea to those who attended to think about a vocation, as "someone must replace Fr. Jorge. We need vocations to care for the Hispanic community, we need vocations from the Spanish-speaking."
If you feel God is calling you, please pray and when the coronavirus epidemic is over please go to see one of your priests" about a possible vocation, Bishop DiMarzio added.
Fr. Jorge Ortiz-Garay, coordinator of ministry to Mexican immigrants in the Diocese of Brooklyn, N.Y., is seen in this undated photo. He died March 27 from complications related to the coronavirus. (CNS photo/courtesy The Tablet)
Fr. Jorge was born Oct. 16, 1970, in Mexico City. He was ordained to the priesthood in the Archdiocese of Newark, New Jersey, as a member of the Neocatechumenal Way May 29, 2004.
He came to the Brooklyn Diocese in 2009 and first ministered at the Co-Cathedral of St. Joseph, in Prospect Heights, while also serving as the Chaplain for "missio ad gentes" in Brooklyn. In 2014, he began serving as administrator at St. Brigid's Church and on July 13, 2019, was installed as the pastor.
On Dec. 10, 2019, he was incardinated into the diocese, officially becoming a priest of the Diocese of Brooklyn. He also became a naturalized citizen recently.
A memorial Mass for Fr. Jorge will be celebrated at a later date. He is survived by his parents, Jorge and Estella Ortiz, and siblings, and nieces and nephews.
"God bless all of you in this difficult time," Bishop DiMarzio said in his message. "We mourn the passing of our own Fr. Jorge, pray for the intercession of Our Lady of Guadalupe for him and his family and for all, that we may surpass and conquer this terrible virus."
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text:
#pragma once

#include "ClassInfo.h"
#include "Identifier.h"
#include <wtf/Condition.h>
#include <wtf/HashTable.h>
#include <wtf/FastMalloc.h>
#include <wtf/Lock.h>
#include <wtf/Noncopyable.h>
#include <wtf/PrintStream.h>
#include <wtf/Spectrum.h>

namespace JSC {

#define FOR_EACH_ICEVENT_KIND(macro) \
    macro(InvalidKind) \
    macro(GetByIdAddAccessCase) \
    macro(GetByIdReplaceWithJump) \
    macro(GetByIdSelfPatch) \
    macro(InAddAccessCase) \
    macro(InReplaceWithJump) \
    macro(OperationGetById) \
    macro(OperationGetByIdGeneric) \
    macro(OperationGetByIdBuildList) \
    macro(OperationGetByIdOptimize) \
    macro(OperationGetByIdWithThisOptimize) \
    macro(OperationInOptimize) \
    macro(OperationIn) \
    macro(OperationGenericIn) \
    macro(OperationPutByIdStrict) \
    macro(OperationPutByIdNonStrict) \
    macro(OperationPutByIdDirectStrict) \
    macro(OperationPutByIdDirectNonStrict) \
    macro(OperationPutByIdStrictOptimize) \
    macro(OperationPutByIdNonStrictOptimize) \
    macro(OperationPutByIdDirectStrictOptimize) \
    macro(OperationPutByIdDirectNonStrictOptimize) \
    macro(OperationPutByIdStrictBuildList) \
    macro(OperationPutByIdNonStrictBuildList) \
    macro(OperationPutByIdDirectStrictBuildList) \
    macro(OperationPutByIdDirectNonStrictBuildList) \
    macro(PutByIdAddAccessCase) \
    macro(PutByIdReplaceWithJump) \
    macro(PutByIdSelfPatch)

class ICEvent {
public:
    enum Kind {
#define ICEVENT_KIND_DECLARATION(name) name,
        FOR_EACH_ICEVENT_KIND(ICEVENT_KIND_DECLARATION)
#undef ICEVENT_KIND_DECLARATION
    };

    ICEvent()
    {
    }

    ICEvent(Kind kind, const ClassInfo* classInfo, const Identifier propertyName)
        : m_kind(kind)
        , m_classInfo(classInfo)
        , m_propertyName(propertyName)
    {
    }

    ICEvent(WTF::HashTableDeletedValueType)
        : m_kind(OperationGetById)
    {
    }

    bool operator==(const ICEvent& other) const
    {
        return m_kind == other.m_kind
            && m_classInfo == other.m_classInfo
            && m_propertyName == other.m_propertyName;
    }

    bool operator!=(const ICEvent& other) const
    {
        return !(*this == other);
    }

    bool operator<(const ICEvent& other) const;
    bool operator>(const ICEvent& other) const { return other < *this; }
    bool operator<=(const ICEvent& other) const { return !(*this > other); }
    bool operator>=(const ICEvent& other) const { return !(*this < other); }

    explicit operator bool() const
    {
        return *this != ICEvent();
    }

    Kind kind() const { return m_kind; }
    const ClassInfo* classInfo() const { return m_classInfo; }
    const Identifier& propertyName() const { return m_propertyName; }

    unsigned hash() const
    {
        return m_kind + WTF::PtrHash<const ClassInfo*>::hash(m_classInfo) + StringHash::hash(m_propertyName.string());
    }

    bool isHashTableDeletedValue() const
    {
        return *this == ICEvent(WTF::HashTableDeletedValue);
    }

    void dump(PrintStream&) const;

    void log() const;

private:

    Kind m_kind { InvalidKind };
    const ClassInfo* m_classInfo { nullptr };
    Identifier m_propertyName;
};

struct ICEventHash {
    static unsigned hash(const ICEvent& key) { return key.hash(); }
    static bool equal(const ICEvent& a, const ICEvent& b) { return a == b; }
    static const bool safeToCompareToEmptyOrDeleted = true;
};

} // namespace JSC

namespace WTF {

void printInternal(PrintStream&, JSC::ICEvent::Kind);

template<typename T> struct DefaultHash;
template<> struct DefaultHash<JSC::ICEvent> {
    typedef JSC::ICEventHash Hash;
};

template<typename T> struct HashTraits;
template<> struct HashTraits<JSC::ICEvent> : SimpleClassHashTraits<JSC::ICEvent> {
    static const bool emptyValueIsZero = false;
};

} // namespace WTF

namespace JSC {

class ICStats {
    WTF_MAKE_NONCOPYABLE(ICStats);
    WTF_MAKE_FAST_ALLOCATED;
public:
    ICStats();
    ~ICStats();

    void add(const ICEvent& event);

    static ICStats& instance();

private:

    Spectrum<ICEvent, uint64_t> m_spectrum;
    ThreadIdentifier m_thread;
    Lock m_lock;
    Condition m_condition;
    bool m_shouldStop { false };

    static Atomic<ICStats*> s_instance;
};

#define LOG_IC(arguments) do {                  \
        if (Options::useICStats())              \
            (ICEvent arguments).log();          \
    } while (false)

} // namespace JSC


text:
Releases Trending
No April Fool's: Doorly Releases Two-Track EP "Acid Hearts"
April 1, 2022 April 1, 2022 by Gabrielle Reeder
Esteemed DJ Doorly's new project "Acid Hearts" includes two tracks. With steady beats and self-awareness, this project is sure to become a staple in the house scene.
The track "Give Me Love" entrances the listener from the first driving drum and bass loop. Around the 45 second mark, the lyrics begin to vibrate through the tune. "Give me love. Give me love that I can hold on to," the singer alerts the listener they are in an open and comforting space. A place for exploration on the quest to find love. Futuristic techno synth beats reverberate through the second-half of the song, as if the listener is delving into the chemical response being in "love" elicits. This is definitely a groovy club song to throw on when you want to unleash and dance.
The other track "Brothers and Sisters" features Gene Farris and implements percussive instruments and popping sounds at the beginning of the tune. The background popping fades into what sounds like dogs yipping, framing the lyrics, "brothers and sisters, I don't know what this world is coming to." This refrains throughout the beat buildup to the imminent beat drop. Although the lyrics suggest a curious mind asking about the state of the world, something about the production of this track provides a sense of calm. The beat swells and then the singer says, "you gotta get it together, we gotta work together." The confident call ebbs the anxiety of the undetermined future. You find yourself in a trance, similar to what you find at festival and house show sets where you can simply close your eyes and immerse yourself in the song and vibe.
Tags: Doorly Gene Farris Releases techno


text:
Der eta Verlag ist ein 2016 gegründeter Buchverlag für Literatur aus Südosteuropa in Berlin.

Geschichte und Programm
Der Verlag wurde von Petya Lund gegründet, einer in Berlin lebenden Bulgarin. Schwerpunkt des Verlags war zunächst bulgarische Literatur in Übersetzung, kurz darauf kam Literatur aus dem ehemaligen Jugoslawien hinzu.

Bisher wurden unter anderem Übersetzungen der Werke von Georgi Gospodinov, Saša Ilić, Angel Igov, Tanja Stupar Trifunović und Lejla Kalamujić publiziert.

Auszeichnungen und Nominierungen
 2020: Die Sanftmütigen von Angel Igov wurde mit einem Internationalen Literaturpreis – Haus der Kulturen der Welt ausgezeichnet und war für den Übersetzerpreis der Leipziger Buchmesse nominiert.
 2021: Deutscher Verlagspreis
 2022: Nominiert für den Berliner Verlagspreis

Weblinks
 Offizielle Homepage

Einzelnachweise

Buchverlag (Deutschland)
Verlag (Berlin)
Südosteuropa
Träger des Deutschen Verlagspreises
Gegründet 2016


26705: IAN ENTWISTLE - A Right Load of Rhubarb (Illustrated by John Shiels).
25479: A CHANIADAU ERAILL - Cerddi Crwys.
25515: HARDY ERIC. - The Bird Lover's Week-End Book.
27471: ROBERT M.H. EVANS - A History of the Rectors and Vicars of Worfield Salop 1205-1972.
24647: EVANS, GWYNFOR - Land of My Fathers; 2000 Years of Werlsh History.
25485: BOB EVANS - Hms "Eaglet"
11620: EVANS, JULIEN - Is It on Autopilot?
13007: RICHARD P. FEYNMAN - Surely You'Re Joking, Mr. Feynman!
14319: FISHER, JOE - The Case for Reincarnation.
10678: FLEIG, DR DIETER - Bull Terrier Wie Sie Wirklich Sind... Sein Sollen!
255: FONTE., ISABEL - The Sense of Touch - How Does It Feel?
3125: FOOT, MICHAEL - Aneurin Bevan: A Biography Volume I 1897-1945.
24665: FORDE, WILLIAM - " Tales of Bernard "
8849: FOREMAN, MICHAEL - Rock a Doodle Doo!
16961: FORREST, E. W - What's the Use?
27372: OLGA FORSH - Palace and Prison. Translated from the Russian by Fainna Solasko.
424: FORSTENZER, VICTOR; - The People's Mojahedin of Iran: A Struggle for What?
3772: FOX, WILSON. G. - Pests of Ornamental Garden-Plants.
6253: FROUDES, JAMES ANTHONY. - Saint Hugh of Lincoln.
312: TEAPE-FUGARD, TC - Let Chester Remember... .
8168: FUGE, CHARLES - Yip! Snap! Yap!
8532: FULLAN, MICHAEL - What's Worth Fighting for in Your School?
9832: GALLAGHER, CONRAD - One-Pot Wonders: Over 120 Innovative Recipes, with Minimal Washing Up!
22714: GELDOF, BOB - Is That It?


text:
German supermarket chain Lidl accused of snooping on staff
Kate Connolly in Berlin
Wed 26 Mar 2008 20.54 EDT First published on Wed 26 Mar 2008 20.54 EDT
Lidl was accused of recording how many times staff went to the toilet, as well as intimate details of their personal lives. Photograph: Graham Turner
The German discount supermarket chain Lidl has been accused of spying on its employees, including recording how many times they went to the toilet as well as details about their love lives, personal finances and menstrual cycles.
An investigation by the German news magazine Stern uncovered an extensive espionage system in its shops across Germany. It obtained hundreds of pages of documents gathered by detectives allegedly employed by the chain to find out about its staff. The surveillance took place via mini-video cameras installed by detectives. The official reason given to store managers was to reduce shoplifting.
Critics have accused Lidl of using "Stasi methods", referring to the secret police of the former communist East German state who kept track of the most banal and intimate details of hundreds of thousands of citizens' lives.
The detectives' records include details of precisely where employees had tattoos as well as information about their friends. "Her circle of friends consists mainly of drug addicts," reads one record. The detectives also had the task of identifying which employees appeared to be "incapable" or "introverted and naive".
While most incidents seem to have occurred in Germany, the most shocking one allegedly occurred at a Lidl store in the Czech Republic, where a female worker was forbidden to go to the toilet during working hours. An internal memorandum, which is now the centre of a court case in the republic, allegedly advised staff that "female workers who have their periods may go to the toilet now and again, but to enjoy this privilege they should wear a visible headband".
Recording how a German employee identified as Frau M spent her break, one report read: "Frau M wanted to make a call with her mobile phone at 14.05 ... She received the recorded message that she only had 85 cents left on her prepaid mobile. She managed to reach a friend with whom she would like to cook this evening, but on condition that her wage had been paid into her bank, because she would otherwise not have enough money to go shopping."
A Hamburg labour lawyer, Klaus Müller-Knapp, said the transcripts were "scandalous to the highest degree" and breached laws on freedom of expression.
Human rights groups and trade unions pledged to take up the case.
While denying any knowledge of the Czech case, Lidl, which has more than 7,500 stores in 24 countries, including Britain, confirmed that surveillance had taken place in Germany. It said the purpose was "not to monitor staff, but to establish possible abnormal behaviour".
It added that in retrospect the company distanced itself from the transcripts. "The references and observations are not in keeping ... with our understanding of how people should treat each other."


Gheisari, H., Karamian, E. (2015). Survey and Study of Machinability for Titanium Alloy Ti-6Al-4V through Chip Formation in Milling Process. Journal of Modern Processes in Manufacturing and Production, 4(2), 5-12.
Hassan Gheisari; Ebrahim Karamian. "Survey and Study of Machinability for Titanium Alloy Ti-6Al-4V through Chip Formation in Milling Process". Journal of Modern Processes in Manufacturing and Production, 4, 2, 2015, 5-12.
Gheisari, H., Karamian, E. (2015). 'Survey and Study of Machinability for Titanium Alloy Ti-6Al-4V through Chip Formation in Milling Process', Journal of Modern Processes in Manufacturing and Production, 4(2), pp. 5-12.
Gheisari, H., Karamian, E. Survey and Study of Machinability for Titanium Alloy Ti-6Al-4V through Chip Formation in Milling Process. Journal of Modern Processes in Manufacturing and Production, 2015; 4(2): 5-12.
Most of the materials used in the industry of aero-engine components generally consist of titanium alloys. Advanced materials, because of their excellent combination of high specific strength, light weight and general corrosion resistance. In fact, chemical wear resistance of aero-engine alloy provides a serious challenge for cutting tool material during the machining process. The reduction in cutting temperature distributions leads to an increase in tool life and a decrease in wear rate. Hence, the chip morphology and segmentation play a predominant role in determining machinability and tool wear during the machining process. The result of low thermal conductivity and diffusivity of this alloy is in the concentration of high temperatures at the tool-work-piece and tool-chip interface. Consequently, the chip morphology is very important in the study of machinability of metals as well as the study of cutting tool wear. Otherwise, the result will be accelerating tool wear, increasing manufacturing cost and time consuming.


@@ -274,6 +274,9 @@ A normal sync or upgrade will not use its value.
+		their counterpart buildflags as specified in linkman:makepkg.conf.
+	variety of compiler flags available.
+	Debug flags used for the C++ compiler; see DEBUG_CFLAGS for more info.
can be passed to UPX by specifying the `UPXFLAGS` variable.
+		DEBUG_CXXFLAGS to their counterpart buildflags.
@@ -33,6 +33,9 @@ CHOST="@CHOST@"


text:
Board index ‹ In the media - In die media ‹ The Star
2007-04-10:Letter: Can't embrace a law that fails our people
http://www.star.co.za

starletters@inl.co.za (was sma@star.co.za)

by GOSA » Wed, 2007-04-11 08:31
http://www.thestar.co.za/index.php?fArticleId=3769130
Can't embrace a law that fails our people - April 10, 2007 Edition 1
No Mr Karvelas (The Star Letters, April 3), I and tens of thousands of other people, black, white and brown, will continue to attack our constitution. Why, Mr Karvelas? Because it so dismally, so utterly, so completely fails so many people. From what abyss have we only recently emerged, Mr Karvelas? You don't perhaps think we fell into an abyss some 5 or 6 years ago? Try telling some lout with a gun at your head, about to rape your wife, that the bill of rights needs to be embraced, respected and nurtured.
No, Mr Karvelas, the "Hang 'em high" mob does not need to start "boxing for your blood", a car hijack gang, a heist mob or a simple mugger may well spill it for you. Lord Halifax once said: "We don't hang people for stealing horses, we hang them so horses don't get stolen!" Try considering this statement, instead of continuously "taking sides" with the criminal. Why not think of the victim, his/her family, children, etc. What right do you have to continually permit between 18 000 and 20 000 innocent people to be slaughtered each year, and not raise a murmur of protest?
What right do you have to lord it over teeming millions who want the death penalty re-instated? I note you do "support life imprisonment, in other words there must be no option of early release". But there is no such thing as "life imprisonment in the true sense" in South Africa. There are things such as bribes, prisons getting overcrowded, presidential pardons, early paroles, release on compassionate grounds - and just plain escape.
BR Nicholls
East Geduld,
Re: 2007-04-10:Letter: Can't embrace a law that fails our pe
by BennieLutterman » Thu, 2014-05-01 07:47
According to the First Amendment of the United States, Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion and a petition to the government for redress of grievances. However, judge in Minette Bay offers two options for those who commit and violate their laws. Spend it in jail and pay for penalty or spend it in church every Sunday for whole year. Article resource: Alabama court offers church in place of jail
BennieLutterman
Joined: Thu, 2014-05-01 06:07
Return to The Star


text:
B2B Marketing: How GMR Transcription ranked on page one using a diligent SEO and PPC strategy
After launching a new website redesign, GMR Transcription shifted its focus to attracting customers to the site by using search engine marketing. The team built up its domain reputation with an emphasis on SEO, pay-per-click marketing, reputation development and a manual link-building campaign.
Read below how the team was able to increase monthly website revenue by 1,686%.
by Courtney Eckerle, Senior Managing Editor, MarketingSherpa
GMR Transcription has over 10,000 customers. Typically, these customers are college students, professors, professionals, attorneys, podcasters and government workers.
"Whoever does a recording and wants to get it transcribed, they come to us," said Ajay Prasad, President, GMR Transcription.
"We totally built this business around search marketing," said Prasad, explaining that the company solely markets online.
The website sounds very simple, he said, because customers visit our page, register and upload their files.
"Then we assign it to transcribers who could be anywhere in the U.S., and they transcribe that file and put it back. We have to do it on time, and of course, make sure the quality is good," he said.
On the backend of the website and process is where it gets complex, he said, because "we have to keep track of all the work. We have to make sure that whoever is doing the job finishes on time. The system has to make sure that it goes to the QA because every work literally goes through the quality check before it goes to the customer."
The business was built on a simple premise. Gradually, things started to become more and more complex.
"We were doing all this patchwork. Every time something would come up, we'd do a patchwork. Then after a while, it became a mess, not from the customer perspective, but from our management perspective," Prasad said.
This influenced the company's Google ranking, he said, because "one of the metrics search engines look at is how efficient your code is, because of course, if it's not efficient, it impacts the load time."
That was just one of the slew of problems that started to arise. Instead of doing more patches, Prasad said the team decided to redesign the entire site, a process that took six months.
"Business is always evolving, so you have to keep adding on," he said.
GMR Transcription redesigned the website about a year and a half ago and is currently in the process of revising it again.
"I think that every two years is when we need to revise it," he said. "Every time we revise it we look at all the analytics, and then we are also redesigning to make sure that it is current."
Alongside revising the website, however, it was important to build up the search engine marketing to bolster it and bring potential customers in. The team focused on effective tactics for Google rank improvements and reputation development.
Step #1. Analyze ways to increase SEO standing
To begin the process of increasing the website's reputation and SEM opportunities, the team did some analysis of the links that were already in existence.
"We had over 10,000 links over a period of time. What we found is we had a very large percentage of links that were, I would say, bad links," Prasad said.
So to begin with, they had to clean those irrelevant links. This process was very tedious.
"We literally had to contact all these people to remove the link and then the ones we did not remove, we had to go to Google and disavow it. It took quite some time," he said.
During the website redesign, it made sense to work on these pieces while they were already in the process of analyzing the website for these opportunities.
"When we launched the new site, obviously, it had the cleaned up links already, and it made the load time faster," he said. "So, all the metrics were much better by the time we launched it."
Prasad stated that what he likes most about SEO is that it forces you to be effective.
"If not for SEO, I don't think we would be focused on the load speed of the website. Now, like I said, it may not matter to the customer that it is 0.08 seconds versus 0.15 seconds, but eventually, it will start to erode," he said.
Step #2. Leverage customers to build domain authority
With so many customers, the team decided to leverage them into quality link building.
"They are so thrilled with the quality," Prasad said. "So we are trying, from our customers, to get ongoing links."
For example, some of the company's podcasting customers agreed to give transcription credit and linkback to GMR Transcription every time they publish.
"We are very focused on getting, I would say, really high-end links," Prasad said.
The team looks at customer domain authorities and then reaches out with a request to those with good domain authorities. Generally, they don't mind and are open to helping.
Another way the team leverages customers is by soliciting reviews on sites like Yelp, Google or Facebook.
Immediately after work is done for a client, a request for a review goes out. Positive reviews help to build the company's reputation and domain authority, as well as projecting a positive view of the company.
The company needs to stay extremely conscious of quality, Prasad said, because the company's prices are somewhat higher than most of the sites, with one of the reasons being that the transcribers are based in the U.S.
The company employs over 350 transcribers across the U.S. and even encourages them to post reviews on Glassdoor in hopes that this might add to that reputation growth as well.
Step #3. Refine Pay-per-click strategy
"We started this business with pay-per-click," Prasad said.
In the beginning, he said, they were focused on "just driving everyone to the homepage" without much thought to specific customer personas.
"Now, of course, we have a very different program. For example, legal transcription versus academic … So, obviously we have created landing pages," he said.
The landing pages are not only specific to customer type, but by geographic region as well. For example, for a PPC ad that is shown to people located in Dallas, the testimonials featured on their landing page would be from others in Dallas.
"We are constantly working to improve it. It's an unending process, candidly," he said.
There is one staff member who is dedicated to PPC ads, and while the budget isn't substantial, it reflects the significant return they see from it.
"Now, we have reached a point where we probably have maybe 100 landing pages, and everything is tracked. Google Analytics has become pretty sophisticated. So, in a way, we are analyzing it, tweaking, doing A/B testing — everything that is needed to keep improving on the results," he said.
The team tests everything with the ads they put out: the call-to-action, headline and overall message.
"One ad has one message, another ad has a different message — just to see which has the higher clickthrough. Once it comes to the landing page, we are always testing on the landing page to identify a way to, again, increase the conversion. It's an ongoing process," he said.
Typically, he said, the local ads have tested very successfully and almost always see a higher clickthrough rate. He also highlighted — either in the ad itself, or on the landing page it leads to — these transcriptions are done in the United States.
"Quality is a huge issue," he said. "Then of course, there's security. Every transcriber in the U.S. that we use has signed an NDA agreement."
Prasad said that they highlight the company's quality aspects — like the U.S. base — privacy and security and higher conversion results.
"So we don't even talk about pricing, even in our paid advertising. Whether it is Google or Facebook or whatever, we don't talk about that. We talk about our strengths," he said.
There are other transcription companies who offer it for $0.79, $0.69, $0.99 per minute, he added, so those companies focus on pricing advertising.
"You have to play with your strengths. Low price is not us. We are not in the low-cost transcription business. So, we talk about why we are better," he said.
Paid advertising is more predictable overall, but they have seen a diminished return on investment.
"There are many keywords [sic] we stopped advertising because the return was not there. It was costing us much more to get a customer, compared to the 'cost versus the revenue' that we were receiving. So, that's the challenge with the PPC, and as a result, you have to be very vigilant, and you have to be tracking all the time," he said.
However, if you're diligent with it, the positive trade-off is that "you have more control over the outcome of PPC versus SEO. And of course, every business owner likes to have more control over the outcome," he said.
"I can tell you without any hesitation that SEO probably brings the highest return on marketing investment over a long period of time," Prasad said.
While it brings a high return, he said, it's a test of patience, and it is for marketers who take a broader view of returns that spans over time.
"What I hate about SEO is unpredictability, that you cannot rely on it to bring a very consistent amount of money. So, it could be feast or famine," he said. "But over a period of time, when I look at my cost of SEO versus the last 13 years in business, I will tell you that the return on it dwarfs anything that we have done."
While these efforts with search engine marketing can be frustrating, in the long run, he sees how it helps his business overall.
"Even though I hate Google when they drop me [to a lower page], I cannot complain, because over a period of time … Google is doing whatever they see is the trend and what the people surfing the web need," he said.
Those efforts have paid off because "we have over 10,000 customers. 80% have come through SEO," Prasad said.
The company has seen a 1,898% increase in monthly website traffic as well as a 1,686% increase in monthly website revenue.
They also are on Page 1 for many key terms, including "transcription services," "academic transcription services," "business transcription services" and "Spanish transcription services," among others.
"Obviously, the big 800-pound gorilla is transcription services, but then we also want all these long tail keywords, because people are trying to be more exact at typing keywords now," he said.
This search engine marketing is the base for a lot of business, he said, but it's important to strike a balance because of the unpredictability of SEO.
"When we drop to, for example, Page 2, it's not like my business drops by 90%. My business drops by 20%, the reason being that we already have a base of customers who are still recommending us," he said.
The team's success is due to their diligence, although he cautioned, "Google could change the algorithm tomorrow, and we can drop. Who knows?"
Creative Samples
GMR Transcription
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Download the free Quick Guide to Inbound Marketing for B2B
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