i just tried using my own custom movement component that i derived from pawmMovementComponent. but as a tried, for example i had used the wheeledMovementComponent for the vehicle. i tried to make a same behaviour with the Character that used characterMovementComponent (using behaviour tree and moveToLocation Node) but it not get me the same result. it works fine in the Character (that used characterMovementComponent) but not in my own custom pawn Actor that used wheeledMovementComponent.
anyone can explain why is it?? or is it possible to do it?? using custom PawnMovementComponent??


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#UniAsItShouldBe
OSCOLA is the Oxford University Standard for Citation of Authorities. This is the accepted referencing system used by university law schools in the UK.
Click on the Quick Reference Guide link below for examples of the main types of citations or click on the link for the full guide which gives you a more detailed explanation of how to reference your academic material.
OSCOLA Quick Reference Guide [PDF]
OSCOLA 4TH Edition [PDF]
The FAQ section provided by University of Oxford provides information on sources not included in the main guides, such as ebooks and videos.
The online resources from produced by Cardiff University provide a comprehensive guide, includeing a tutorial, activities and examples from a wide range of primary and secondary sources.
The tutorial. Citing the Law: Referencing Using OSCOLA:
https://xerte.cardiff.ac.uk/play_6716
A-Z of referencing examples:
https://xerte.cardiff.ac.uk/play_4069#page4
Resource bank, including activities:
http://sites.cardiff.ac.uk/ilrb/resourcehub-2/managing/citing-and-referencing/oscola/
The Oxford Law webpage provides additional support.
General Principles
When you refer to cases, legislation, quote or paraphrase someone else's work in your assignment, you must cite (i.e. acknowledge) the source by including a numbered footnote marker in the text that corresponds with the citation (i.e. full details of the source) in the footnotes at the bottom of the page. The citations must be provided in the OSCOLA style.
Put the superscript number at the end of the relevant sentence, unless it makes more sense to place it directly after the word that it specifically relates to. The following passage illustrates this point.
Courts are reminded of their power to make sexual offences protection orders or disqualification orders, preventing the offender from working with children.18 They give guidance on other ancillary orders, such as deprivation orders,19 empowering the court to deprive the offender of property (such as a computer) used for the purposes of crime, making coherent links between the Sexual Offences Act 2003 and the Powers of the Criminal Courts (Sentencing) Act 2000,20 of powers which a sentencing tribunal, pre-guidelines, might not have been fully aware.
18Sexual Offences Act 2003. Definitive Guideline, para. 1.30.
19Sexual Offences Act 2003. Definitive Guideline, para. 1.32.2.
20Powers of the Criminal Courts (Sentencing) Act 2000 s.143.
Source: John Cooper, 'The Sentencing Guidelines Council – A Practical Perspective' [2008] Crim LR 277, 282
If you are referring to a point that is in brackets, place the superscript number before the close of the bracket, e.g. (most notably in Smith v Brown3)
If you are quoting, place the superscript after the quotation marks and comma or full stop.
In the text:
"A regulation is the nearest European law comes to an English Act of Parliament".14
In the footnotes:
14Elliott and Frances Quinn, 'English Legal System' (11th edn, Pearson Education 2010) 103.
For quotations of over three lines, do not use quotation marks – put the entire quotation in an indented paragraph. Leave a line space above and below the quotation.
How to create footnotes/superscript numbering in Word
Please refer to the following cribsheet:
MS Word Superscript and Subscript Numbering [PDF]
Pinpoints
Pinpoints indicate the exact page where the material being referred to can be found. As soon as you refer to an element of content of a source, this needs to be pinpointed. You usually include the pinpoint at the end of a citation, further guidance is provided with the source types.
Definitions and notes
As well as citations of sources, footnotes can also contain notes or definitions of terms you have used in the text that you feel should be explained further. Using footnotes enables you to include further information without disrupting the flow of your argument, which might occur if you included the note or definition in the main text. Use a superscript number in the text against the term in question and place the definition or note in the footnotes.
Subsequent citations - ibid
If a source is cited and then cited again, a shorten version of the citation can be given, cross-referencing the original footnote. If the subsequent citation is immediately after the first, then ibid plus the pinpoint can be used. Note that you don't have to do this, you can repeat the full citation if you prefer.
12Tom Hickman, 'The Courts and Politics after the Human Rights Act: A Comment' (2008) PL 84.
24Hickman (n 12).
25ibid 91.
In this example the journal article is first cited at footnote 12, then again at 24 with a cross-citation to number 12. It is cited immediately afterwards using ibid and a pinpoint to page 91.
For sources that you find online, if that source is also published in print, then cite it as if you have read the print version. Note that this applies to ebooks and ejournal articles that you may access online – cite them as if they were print copies.
Short quotes - up to three lines
Insert the quote into your text with single quotation marks.
Place footnote marker after the closing quotation mark and punctuation mark.
Furthermore, Ellliott and Quinn have the positive view that the Law Commission has 'managed to promote discussion of law reform'.1
The Law Commission has many detractors, but more positively it has 'managed to promote discussion of law reform'.1
If the quote is a complete sentence lead in with a comma and capitalise the quote.
In some ways they can be considered to be a waste of expertise as, 'Royal Commissions and temporary committees are disbanded after producing their report, and take no part in the rest of the law-making process'.1
Long quotes - longer than three lines
Long quotes are separated from your text by indenting and leaving a line space above and below.
Quotation marks are not necessary. Use a colon to introduce the quoted passage.
If you start a sentence with a quotation mark, the first letter should be enclosed in square brackets.
The issue of excessive compromise is thought to weaken the effectiveness of Royal Commissions and other committees:
Royal Commissions and temporary committees have the advantage of drawing members from wide backgrounds, with a good spread of experience and expertise. However, in some cases this can result in proposals that try too hard to represent a compromise. The result can be a lack of political support and little chance of implementation.1
[R]oyal Commissions and temporary committees have the advantage of drawing members from wide backgrounds, with a good spread of experience and expertise. However, in some cases this can result in proposals that try too hard to represent a compromise. The result can be a lack of political support and little chance of implementation.1
The issue of excessive compromise is thought to weaken the effectiveness of Royal Commissions and other committees.
(Footnotes)
1 Elliott and Frances Quinn, English Legal System (11th edn, Pearson Education Limited 2010) 146
Key Sources
The bars below contain information showing you how to cite various sources in the footnotes of your text. If you need to cite a source that isn't listed below, consult the OSCOLA 4th edition, if it isn't included in that, try a best fit with a similar resource below or consult your tutor for advice.
Cite anything publication with an ISBN as a book.
Cases with neutral citations
The neutral citation style has been in use since 2001 when transcripts of cases were made available online, independent of any law reports. A neutral citation places the emphasis on the court where the case was heard, although the report information is still included in the citation if the case has been reported and this is where you are accessing it.
Name of case [year] court* number, [year] OR (year) volume report abbreviation* first page
Barclay v British Airways plc [2008] EWCA Civ 1419, [2010] QBD 187.
The above citation shows that the case was heard in the Court of Appeal Civil in 2008 and was case number 1419. The case was reported in the 2010 volume of the Queen's Bench Division of the law reports (note that the report did not have a volume number denoting the year so the brackets containing the date are square - see below).
*Do not use full stops in the abbreviations.
Case without neutral citiations
For older citations the neutral citation information may be missing, cite as shown below.
Name of case [year] OR (year) volume report abbreviation first page (court)
Adam v Ward [1917] AC 309 (HL).
The above citation tells you that the case was heard in 1917 in the House of Lords and reported in the Appeal Cases law reports.
Square v round brackets
Square brackets are used when the year denotes the law report volume. If the volume number denotes the year published, use round brackets. Note that volume numbers may still be present, when using square brackets if the report has been issued in more than one volume for that year. If there isn't a volume number use square brackets.
In the first example below, volume 88 of the Criminal Appeal Reports denotes the year, so round brackets are used. In the second example, the Appeal Cases series of reports are published by year, hence the square brackets. This particular year was published in more than one volume and the case mentioned was published in volume 2.
Reg v Barr (1989) 88 CrAppR 362 (CA).
Pattni v Ali [2006] UKPC 51, [2007] 2 AC 85.
Case names
1. If there are multiple parties use, only the first claimant and/or defendant.
2. Abbreviate common words and phrases, e.g. DPP - Director of Public Prosecutions. Appendix section 4.2.4 of the OSCOLA 4th edition has a list of acceptable abbreviations.
3. Give the full name of the case when it is first mentioned in the text or footnotes and then abbreviate in subsequent mentions.
R v Tompkins (1977) 67 CrAppR 181 could subsequently be referred to as Tomkins in the text and footnotes.
4. If the name of the case is stated in the text, there is no need to repeat it in the footnotes.
In R v Boardman1 the judge…
In the footnote:
1(1977) 67 CrAppR 181.
Which reports to use
The Incorporated Council of Law Reporting Law Reports are considered to be the most authoritative, so use these reports if possible. This series of reports includes the House of Lords/Supreme Court, Privy Council (Appeal Cases), Chancery Division, Family Division and Queen's Bench. If your case is not reported in the Law Reports, then cite the Weekly Law Reports or All England Law Reports. If you still cannot locate the case, then use specialist reports such The Criminal Law Reports or Criminal Appeal Reports.
Include the paragraph numbers at the end of the citation in square brackets. If you are pinpointing to more than one paragraph, put each number in square brackets and separate with a comma or dash if the paragraphs are in sequence.
Barclay v British Airways plc [2008] EWCA Civ 1419, [2010] QBD 187 [9], [13].
Barclay v British Airways plc [2008] EWCA Civ 1419, [2010] QBD 187 [24]-[33].
If the pinpoint follows a citation with the court in brackets at the end, do not include the square brackets.
Adam v Ward [1917] AC 309 (HL) 2, 8.
Adam v Ward [1917] AC 309 (HL) 9-13.
Judges' names
If you wish to include reference to the judge at the end of the citation, include it in brackets at the end of the citation.
Furnell v Whangarei High Schools Board [1973] AC 660 [679] (Lord Morris).
How the name is cited depends on the judge's status or rank, common examples include:
Justice – (Brown, J)
Lord Justice – (Brown, LJ)
Lord (Lord Brown)
Judges of the Supreme Court (Lord Brown SCJ)
Use the judge's surname name – only use the first name if there are two judges with the same name; if this is case include the first name of the most junior judge.
See OSCOLA 4th edition section 2.1.7 for a full account of how to cite a judge's name.
Law reports - see cases
The law reports are where the judgements of cases are reported, i.e. published. See the section on cases for details on how to cite the cases.
If you have mentioned the full details of legislation in the text, there is no need to include it in the footnotes. But if the name of the Act or relevant section is not named, the full details must be included in the footnotes. If you need to include references to an Act several times in quick succession, abbreviate to the initials of the main words and include the date:
2 Mental Health Act 1959.
9MHA 1959.
Parts of statutes
Statutes can be subdivided in the following ways:
Section Abbreviation
part/s pt/pts
section/s s/ss
subsection/s sub-s/sub-ss
paragraph/s para/paras
subparagraph/s subpara/subparas
schedule/s sch/schs
In the text, use the full form at the beginning of a sentence or where the Act name is not repeated. In the footnotes use the abbreviated form.
Health Act 1999, s 2.
National Health Service (Consequential Provisions) Act 2006, s 8(2)(a).
National Health Service (Consequential Provisions) Act 2006, s 6, sch 4.
National Health Service (Consequential Provisions) Act 2006, sch 2, pt 1(3) and pt 2(13).
When referring to paragraphs within sections, put the paragraph number/letter in brackets after the section and don't include 'para'. So in the second example above we are referring to paragraph 'a' of subsection 2 of section 8 of the National Health Service Act.
Title HC Or HL Bill (session) [number] clauses/parts – see part of statutes
Taxation (Cross-border Trade) HC Bill (2017-19) [128].
Taxation (Cross-border Trade) HC Bill (2017-19) [128] s 24(2).
Statutory Instruments
Title year, SI number
Antarctic (Recognised Assistance Dog) Regulations 2016, SI 2016/697.
Note that the SI number is formed from the year and number.
SIs used to be called statutory rules and orders - cite in the same way, but use SR or O, followed by the number.
It is possible to abbreviate in the footnotes after the first full citation, so the above example could be
A(RAD)R 2016.
If you are referring to a part of an SI , add the part at the end in the following way
Parts of SI
regulation/s reg/s
rule/s r/rr
article/s art/arts
Microchipping of Dogs (Wales) Regulations 2015, SI 2015/1990, reg 5(1).
The above citation would pinpoint to regulation 5, paragraph 1.
European Union sources
Since 1972 EU legislation, notices and information have been published in the The Official Journal of the European Communities. This is abbreviated to OJ. Series information is included in the citations: L for legislation, C for EU information and notices and S for invitations to tender.
Title [year] OJ series issue/first page
Treaty of Lisbon amending the Treaty on European Union and the Treaty establishing the European Community [2007] OJ C306/1.
If you are citing Regulations, Directives, Decisions, Recommendations or Opinions, include the legislation type, number and title before following the above convention. Note that the year precedes the running number in Directives, but follows it in Regulations.
Regulation (EC) 852/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2004 on the hygiene of foodstuffs [2004] OJ L139/1.
Directive (EU) 2016/681 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the use of passenger name record (PNR) data for the prevention, detection, investigation and prosecution of terrorist offences and serious crime [2016] OJ L119/132.
Short forms and pinpoints
It is possible to abbreviate in the text and footnotes after the first full citation. So the above citation could be abbreviated to the PNR Directive. In the footnotes you can just use the document type and number, so
Dir 2016/681.
When pinpointing include the part/paragraph information as shown for Statutory Instruments.
European Court of Justice and General Court
Since 1989 case numbers have been prefixed in the following way:
C - European Court of Justice (ECJ). Do not add a C for pre-1989 cases
T - General Court (GC) (CFI until 2009)
F - Civil Service Tribunal
Where possible cite from the official reports – ECR. ECJ case are reported in volume 1 - ECR I-. GC cases are reported in volume 2 - ECR II-.
Case number case name [year] report abbreviation first page
Case T-263/07 Estonia v Commission [2009] ECR II-3463.
Joined Cases T-218-240/03 Boyle v Commission [2006] ECR II-1699, paras 5-7.
If a case is as yet unreported, use the notice citation from the OJ.
Case T-812/17 Seco Belgium and Vinçotte v Parliament [2017] OJ C52/39.
The European Court of Human Rights
For cases post 1996 cite from the official reports, Reports of Judgements and Decisions (ECHR) or the European Human Rights Reports (EHRR). Be consistent in the report series you choose to use. Cases prior to 1996 were reported in a series called Series A and numbered consecutively.
Case names (year) volume, law report abbreviation first page number
X and Y v Netherlands (1985) 8 EHRR 235.
Kjeldsen v Denmark (1976) Series A no 23.
For unreported cases give the application number and then (ECtHR, date)
Hristoskov v. Bulgaria App no 50760/09 (ECtHR, 15 February 2018).
Cite cases and legislation from other jurisdiction as they would be cited in their own jurisdiction, but use minimal punctuation as is familiar in the OSCOLA convention, e.g. remove full stops from abbreviations. Refer to OSCOLA 4th Edition, sections 2.8 and 4.3 for further guidance.
Do not include edition details for first editions.
Author, Title Volume if applicable (Edition Publisher Year) Paragraph or page number
Catherine Elliott and Frances Quinn, English Legal System (11th edn, Pearson Education 2010) 175.
More than three authors
Alan Dashwood and others, Wyatt & Dashwood's European Union Law (6th edn, Hart 2011) 35.
Edited or translated book
For edited or translated books add (ed) (tr) or (eds) (trs) after the author details:
Nicky Priaulx and Anthony Wrigley (eds), Ethics, Law and Society, vol 5 (Ashgate Publishing 2013).
Pinpointing
Use paragraphs when pinpointing if they are numbered, otherwise use page numbers. Paragraphs should have para preceding the number – para 214
Edited book
When citing a book chapter or essay in an edited book, cite the author of the chapter or essay and then include the book details. It is not necessary to include page or paragraph numbers.
Author, 'Title' in Editor (ed/s), Title (Edition, Publisher year)
Satnam Choongh, 'Doing Ethnographic Research: Lessons from a Case Study' in Mike McConville and Wing Hong Chui (eds), Research Methods for Law (Edinburgh University Press 2007).
Encyclopaedia
Title (Edition, Year) Volume, Paragraph
Halsbury's Statutes (4th edn, 2012) vol 26, para 361.
Journal titles can be abbreviated – see Index to legal Citations and Abbreviations by Donald Raistrick, available in the Law Library reference collection. Or use Cardiff Index to Legal Abbreviations online: http://www.legalabbrevs.cardiff.ac.uk/. Be consistent if you choose to use abbreviations.
Journal without a separate volume number - the year denotes the volume. Note the square brackets with the year.
Author, 'Title' [Year] Journal name or abbreviation, first page of article
Jeff King, 'The Pervasiveness of Polycentricity' [2008] PL 101.
Journal with a separate volume number. Note the round bracket for the year, followed by the volume number.
Author, 'Title' (Year) volume Journal name or abbreviation, first page of article
Dan Priel, 'In Defence of Quasi-Contract' (2012) 75 MLR 54.
Only include issue numbers (in brackets after the volume) if the page numbers begin again in each volume or issue, rather than continuing from the previous one.
If pinpointing, use a comma and insert the page number after the first page number
Julian Roberts, 'Aggravating and Mitigating Factors at Sentencing: Towards Greater Consistency of Application' [2008] Crim LR 264, 272.
Treat as a journal article, and use the title or name of case and add (note) at the end.
Andrew Roberts, 'R v Ross' [2008] Crim LR 306 (note).
Hansard and parliamentary reports
HL - House of Lords debates
HC - House of Commons debates
HL Deb OR HC Deb date, volume, col(s)
HC Deb 2 February 2018, vol 635, col 1177.
HL Deb 1 February 2018, vol 788, cols 1773-1788.
For debates in Public Bill committees of the House of Commons, do not use HC, cite:
Title of debate date, cols
Financial Guidance and Claims Bill Deb 1 February 2018, cols 1-28.
Joint & select committee reports
Name of committee, title of report (HL or HC, session, paper number and volume number if present in roman numerals)
Select Committee on the High Speed Rail (London - West Midlands) Bill, High Speed Rail (London - West Midlands) Bill (HC 2015-2016, 129) paras 67-71.
As above, but include both House of Lords and House of Commons papers numbers in that order.
Joint Committee on Human Rights, The Government's policy on the use of drones for targeted killing (2015-2016, HL 141, HC 574).
Command papers
This includes White and Green Papers, treaties, government responses to select committee reports and inquiry reports.
Department or body responsible for the report, title (command paper* number, year) para
Department of Health and Department of Education, Transforming Children and Young People's Mental Health Provision: a Green Paper (Cm 9523, 2017) para 16.
* the form of command paper varies, but it should state it on the report, e.g. Cm, Cd, Cmnd, Cmd, C (1st series), C 2nd series.
Law Commission reports
Law Commission, Title (Law Com No*, year) paras
Law Commission, Technical Issues in Charity Law (Law Com No 375, 2017) paras 4.10-4.13.
* For consultation papers insert CP (Law Com CP No)
Author, 'title' (type of thesis, university Year)
Salik Irfan, 'National law v Community law: a close review of the principle of supremacy' (LLB thesis, University of Bolton 2010).
Print newspaper article
Reporter*, 'Title' Newspaper (City of publication, date) page number/s
Sarah Butler, 'Change Law to Protect Gig Economy Workers, MPs' Report Urges' The Guardian (London, 20 November, 2017) 22.
Online newspaper article
The page number is replaced with the online access details.
Reporter*, 'Title' Newspaper (City of publication, date) <url> accessed date
Christopher Hope, 'Theresa May wins backing of major Tory donors as Hammond aide suggests 3pc tariff on goods after Brexit' The Telegraph (London, 5 February, 2018) <http://www.telegraph.co.uk/politics/2018/02/05/theresa-may-wins-backing-major-tory-donors-enters-defining-week/> accessed 5 February 2018.
* If the citation is to an editorial piece without an author, cite the author as Editorial.
Webpage and blog
Author*, 'Title' (Website name, date) <url> accessed date
'Lauri Love case: Hacking Suspect Wins Extradition Appeal' (BBC News, 5 February 2018) <http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-42946540> accessed 6 February 2018.
Library La Trobe University, 'Why can't I just Google?' (YouTube, 9 December 2010) <https://www.youtube.com/> accessed 3 December 2015.
Sarah Taylor, 'Resource focus: EBSCO Education' (University of Bolton Electronic Resources Blog, 17 January 2018) <https://eresourcesbolton.wordpress.com/2018/01/17/resource-focus-ebsco-education/> accessed 6 February 2018.
* Where possible identify the author. If that information is not available and you still consider the source to be credible, begin the citation with the title.
Communication - letters, emails, interviews
Only include the interviewers name if it is not you conducting the interview.
(Interviewer), Interview with interviewee, position, institution if applicable, location (full date)
Interview with Dawn Grundy, Academic Librarian, The Peter Marsh Library, University of Bolton (Bolton, United Kingdom, 15 February 2018).
Email and letters
If the email or letter is to or from you, do not include your name, use 'author'.
Email/letter from ….. to ….. (full date)
Email from author to Lord Brown (16 February 2018).
Letter from Archbishop of Boston to Reverend Daniel Graham (9 February 1996).
The law bibliography is an alphabetical list of all of the secondary sources that you have cited in your text. It is divided into parts in the following order:
Table of cases
Any other tables
Divide the table into different jurisdictions (e.g. English, EU) then list in alphabetical order of the first significant word.
If you don't have a long list of cases it is not necessary to divide by jurisdiction.
Do not use italics on the case names.
EU cases should be listed alphabetically by the first party name. Omit the word case and put the number in brackets after the case name as shown below. If you have divided by jurisdiction, list ECJ, CFI and Commission decisions separately in chronological and numerical order. Cite the case number first as in the footnotes, but omit the word case.
Adam v Ward [1917] AC 309 (HL) 9-13
Barclay v British Airways plc [2008] EWCA Civ 1419, [2010] QBD 187 [24]-[33]
Estonia v Commission (T-263/07) [2009] ECR II-3463.
List alphabetically by the first significant word.
List every statute cited. Sub-divide each entry to show which parts of the statute are cited in your text.
Divide into jurisdictions if you have a long list.
Statutory instruments should be listed separately at the end.
Health Act 1999, s 2
National Health Service (Consequential Provisions) Act 2006, s 8(2)(a)
Taxation (Cross-border Trade) HC Bill (2017-19) [128] s 24(2)
Antarctic (Recognised Assistance Dog) Regulations 2016, SI 2016/697
Items should be arranged alphabetically and take the same form as you have used in your footnotes, with three important exceptions:
1. Author's surname should come first.
2. Use the author's initials only, rather than the full name
Elliott C and Quinn F, English Legal System (7th edn, Pearson Education Limited 2016)
3. The titles of unattributed works (i.e. without a named author) should be preceded by a double em-dash. These entries should be placed at the beginning of the bibliography in alphabetical order based on the first major word of the title.
-- Holy Bible: Old And New Testaments: King James Version presented side by side with The Living Bible (PTL Publishing 1983)
Works by the same author:
arrange in order of publication – oldest first
if there is more than one work published in the same year, order them alphabetically by title
after the first entry replace the author's name with two em-dashes
order any co-authored titles after the author's sole-authored works
if there is more than one co-authored title, order alphabetically by the co-authors name.
Elliott C, French Criminal Law (Willan Publishing 2001)
-- English Legal System Sourcebook (Longman 2006)
-- Jeanpierre E and Vernon C, French Legal System (2nd edn, Pearson Education 2016)
-- Quinn F, Contract Law (7th edn, Pearson Longman 2009)
-- Quinn F, Tort Law (7th edn, Pearson 2009)
-- Quinn F, English Legal System (7th edn, Pearson Education 2016)
Try your hand at creating a reference using OSCOLA style notation for a book, e-journal, cases or a webpage.
Enter Activity
How to cite in the text
Test your knowledge of how you would write an in-text citation using OSCOLA style notation.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


I find it amazing that youtube.com has been "nofollowing" its featured videos for last 12 months (still doing it as I type) when it now seems that this means "i dont trust this content" and "i want to page rank to flow to this content". In fact a quick glance at a youtube page tells you that youtube are currently flushing 50% of their page rank (very approx) down the toilet on every page.
So what happens when you have a page with "ten PageRank points" and ten outgoing links, and five of those links are nofollowed? Let's leave aside the decay factor to focus on the core part of the question. Originally, the five links without nofollow would have flowed two points of PageRank each (in essence, the nofollowed links didn't count toward the denominator when dividing PageRank by the outdegree of the page). More than a year ago, Google changed how the PageRank flows so that the five links without nofollow would flow one point of PageRank each.
On another note, I would like to express my contempt for Google and its so called terms of service regarding the legitimate acquisition of links. why should it care if links are paid for or not? Thanks to the invention of pagerank, it is Google itself that has cancelled out reciprocal linking and has stopped people giving out links due to fear of them losing pagerank, and blogs and forums are worthless thanks to the nofollow trick. so it is now impossible to get decent links organically, without having to pay for them, and those who do give out free links are considered fools. Google has brought this dilemma on itself, and yet it seems like punishing us for trying to get links other than freely! Face facts, no one is going to link to someone without getting a link in return! google has invented pagerank which is like a currency, and so people expect to be paid for links, as giving out links devalues their pagerank and so compensation is now required. It is forcing people to use underhand methods to get links, mostly the 'paid' variety.
The flood of iframe and off-page hacks and plugins for WordPress and various other platforms might not come pouring in but I'm willing to bet the few that come in will begin to get prominence and popularity. It seemed such an easy way to keep control over PR flow offsite to websites you may not be 'voting for' and afterall, isn't that way a link has always represented. It would seem Google should catch up with the times.
A generalization of PageRank for the case of ranking two interacting groups of objects was described in  In applications it may be necessary to model systems having objects of two kinds where a weighted relation is defined on object pairs. This leads to considering bipartite graphs. For such graphs two related positive or nonnegative irreducible matrices corresponding to vertex partition sets can be defined. One can compute rankings of objects in both groups as eigenvectors corresponding to the maximal positive eigenvalues of these matrices. Normed eigenvectors exist and are unique by the Perron or Perron-Frobenius theorem. Example: consumers and products. The relation weight is the product consumption rate.


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David F. Hauge
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Marc R. Jacobs
Robin James
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Jesse S. Krompier
Vincent S. Loh
Kathryn T. Lundy
Scott T. Lyon
Jennifer A. Mauri
Kathleen M. McCain
Amanda K. Pawlyk
Michael S. Poster
Eric J. Rans
Richard Reice
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Mark B. Robinson
Ian Shane
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Adam Z. Solomon
Peter L. Steinman
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Employee Accommodations: Now a Mandatory Topic of Conversation in NYC
By Janeen R. Hall on October 8, 2018
The hurdles for employers in New York City continue to line up. The latest legal mandate: compliance with local accommodations law.
Beginning October 15, 2018, NYC employers with four or more employees will be required to engage in and document a good faith written or oral dialogue concerning (1) their employees' accommodations needs, (2) potential accommodations that may address those needs (including proposed alternatives), and (3) any difficulties potential accommodations may pose for the employer. The types of accommodations contemplated under the so-called "cooperative dialogue law" are those relating to an employee's religion; disability; pregnancy, childbirth or other related medical conditions; or the needs of a victim of domestic violence, sex offenses and stalking.
No doubt, the accommodations ordinance – part of the New York City Human Rights Law – follows an ongoing trend of greater protections afforded to employees. And how are the new compliance requirements triggered? Two ways: (1) when an employee requests accommodations, or (2) when an employer is on notice that an employee may require accommodations. The second trigger occurs if an employee's need for accommodations is apparent; if that need is conveyed by a third-party; or if the employee's work or workplace behavior change in such a way that the employer has a reasonable basis to believe the issue is related to a disability (or other protected status). In the event any of these circumstances apply, the law imposes on the employer a duty to provide accommodations whether the need is known or should have been known, even if not explicitly requested by the employee.
Unlike the Americans with Disabilities Act and applicable state law, pursuant to which employers have the option, under limited circumstances, to not engage in an interactive process with employees regarding accommodations, the new law requires employees to participate in cooperative dialogue about the need for accommodations without exception. In fact, a determination that no reasonable accommodations are possible that would allow an employee to satisfy essential requisites of the job may only be made after conducting and documenting a cooperative dialogue. There is more. Under the new law, record-keeping obligations for employers are kicked up a notch. For example, after receiving or learning about an accommodations request, an employer must provide the employee with a final determination, in writing, that specifically identifies accommodations granted or denied.
The good news is that the NYC Commission on Human Rights has providedhelpful guidancefor engaging in a cooperative dialogue, especially when an employee has not directly requested accommodations. In such a case, the Commission suggests the following do's and don'ts for employers:
Don't ask the employee if he/she has a disability (or other protected-status concerns);
Do ask the employee if there is anything going on that the employer can help with;
Do inform the employee that various types of support are available to him/her, including reasonable accommodations that can made to enable the employee to satisfy the essential requisites of the job; and
Do remind the employee of the applicable workplace policies and procedures for requesting reasonable accommodations.
The Commission further advises employers to approach the dialogue in a way that invites the employee to feel comfortable making an accommodations request.
Significantly, if an employee chooses not to disclose the need for accommodations (e.g., the fact he/she has a disability) during the dialogue, the employer nevertheless meets its legal obligation of initiating a cooperative dialogue so long as the conversation has taken place. As such, that the employer should (and must) meticulously document, in writing, that the dialogue occurred cannot be overstated. Parenthetically, an employee's failure to reveal the need for accommodations during an initial conversation does not waive his/her right to seek them (and revisit the cooperative dialogue process) again at a later time.
The penalties for failing to abide by the cooperative dialogue law are steep. Such a failure is considered an unlawful discriminatory practice and exposes an infringing employer to civil penalties up to $125,000 per violation (up to $250,000 for willful violations) and possible attorneys' fees should a lawsuit be filed. The takeaway: NYC employers should move quickly to update their reasonable accommodations policies and consider establishing procedures for employees to make, and employers to respond to, accommodations requests.
This blog post is not offered, and should not be relied upon, as legal advice. You should consult an attorney for advice in specific situations.


text:
<<Print>>
How Nissan Canada fired a Ghanaian employee over racist remarks
One would usually think having a social media account will give them all the freedom in the world to express their views and opinions at any given time and period.
But the case is always different when you work for an international organization that thrives on cultural diversity, inclusion without prejudice and strong company ethics.
In view of this, a Ghanaian employee of Nissan Canada has not been spared the wrath of breaching her employer's code of ethics after some of her 'racist remarks' against Somali's and Jews dating as far back as 2017 recently resurfaced on the internet.
Her case is a classic case of social media or the internet never forgets.
Ms. Afua Anku, also known as @afualareine on Twitter, was fired from her role at Nissan Canada on April 28, 2020, after a formal complaint from another Twitter user was sent to her employer.
Her tweets, which are seen as anti-Semitic and an attack on Somalis and Jews also angered many of her followers.
The said attacks and denigrating comments about Somali and Jewish people came to light after investigations were carried out by an account also on Twitter by the name @investigatorldn discovered Ms. Anku had over a long period used her Twitter account to share and spew comments deemed very vile, racist and anti-semitic against Somalis and Jews.
Some of the tweets that came to light almost two weeks ago showed a rather periodic pattern of Ms. Afua Anku even wishing genocide against her own African race.
It is, however, unknown how the tweets of Ms. Anku, who is said to be a mother of one, resurfaced back onto the internet.
At the moment, Ms. Anku has been rendered unemployed for her troubling views and opinions against another ethnic race dating as far back as 2017 and that has now cost her her job which will probably see her being flagged in the corporate world possibly for the rest of her life.
Nissan Canada Inc. was last week notified of Ms. Anku's troubling tweets on Twitter and they indicated that the necessary investigations and actions would be carried out.
Following that, Nissan Canada Inc. on April 28, announced on their verified official social media page that Ms. Anku was no longer associated with the company stating that "her views were completely unacceptable" hence the decision to fire her from her role.
"The views and comments of @afualareine do not represent those of Nissan Canada. At Nissan, we foster and preserve a culture of diversity and inclusion without prejudice, and find this content completely unacceptable. @afualareine is no longer associated with Nissan Canada Inc," Nissan Canada said in a post.
Story from peacefmonline.com News:
© peacefmonline.com


text:
Q: Refactor problem, tring to inject function but fail I'm using react to create a test component, which is used in ContainerA and ContainerB.
test component:
renderTitle(){

    let mode = this.modeType[this.state.mode];

    switch (mode){
        case 'A':
            title =

A

;
            break;
        case 'B':
            title =

B

;
            break;
        case 'C':
            title =

C

;
            break;
        case 'D':
            title =

D

;
            break;
    }

    return(

            {title}

    );
}

And I found that mode A,B,C will only used in ContainerA and mode D will only used in ContainerB.
So I tried to refactor test component into following:
renderTitle(){

    let mode = this.modeType[this.state.mode];

    let title = this.props.setTitle(mode);

    return(

            {title}

    );
}

And change container like following:
ContainerA
export class ContainerA extends Component{

    setTitle(mode){

        switch (mode){
            case 'A':
                title =

A

;
                break;
            case 'B':
                title =

B

;
                break;
            case 'C':
                title =

C

;
                break;
        }

        return title
    }

    render(){
        return(

                <Test setTitle={this.setTitle.bind(this)}/>

        )
    }
}

ContainerB
export class ContainerA extends Component{

    setTitle(mode){

        let test=

D

;

        return title
    }

    render(){
        return(

                <Test setTitle={this.setTitle.bind(this)}/>

        )
    }
}

But switchMode() is inside the test component, so how to set the onClick event handler?

A: A solution I use to call a function in a parent component, from an event that is handled inside a child component, is the following.
Parent Class
class Parent extends React.Component {
    actualEvent(data) {
        // do something here
    }
    render() {
        return <Child onClick={this.actualEvent.bind(this)}/>
    }
}

Child Class
class Child extends React.Component {

    onClick(evt) {
        if (this.props.onClick)
            this.props.onClick(/* some data if required */);
    }
    render() {
        return (

whatever

        )
    }
}

basically, the idea is in the child component where the actual event happens, you call a function that you apply as a property from the parent.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Allied Demolition is a professional provider of partial and complete demolition. We are a family owned and operated company that prides itself on safety precautions, respectful workers and high levels of experience. We have the equipment to complete your project with surgical precision. We are in full compliance with the California recycling laws, the EPA and the BBB.
I needed to demolish my pool and remove all the concrete from the back and side of my house. Allied Demolition did the job for me, and handled it like pros. There were no issues at all.


St. Andrew Legal Clinic Largest Team Award | Stahancyk, Kent & Hook P.C.
Last weekend, the Stahancyk team took home the Largest Team Award at the SALC Race for Justice for the second consecutive year. Associate attorney Arthur K. Saito once again rallied the Stahancyk community to come out and support a good cause and we will have the honor of hosting the St. Andrew Bronze shoe in our lobby for one more year. In addition to reassembling the team, Arthur helped to organize, plan, and fundraise for the event, one of SALC's largest fundraisers of the year.
The St. Andrew Legal Clinic bridges the gaps that the state can't fill. When low income individuals need legal services and don't qualify for state aid, St. Andrew Legal Clinic is there to help them. You can read more about them here.


text:
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">

<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" />
<title>TriggeringEvent xref</title>
<link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="../../../../../../stylesheet.css" />

View Javadoc

1   package au.gov.amsa.sgb.decoder.rotatingfield;
2
3   public enum TriggeringEvent {
4       MANUAL_ACTIVATION_BY_CREW, //
5       G_SWITCH_OR_DEFORMATION_ACTIVATION, //
6       AUTOMATIC_ACTIVATION_FROM_AVIONICS_OR_TRIGGERING_SYSTEM, //
7       OTHER;
8   }

Copyright © 2021. All rights reserved.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Sennheiser brings "Surround Dongle" to new flagship gaming headset
By Michael Irving
Sennheiser brings "Surround Do...
Sennheiser has announced its new flagship gaming headset, the PC 373D
A new Surround Dongle allows the user to switch between stereo and surround modes
Equalizer software adds the ability to set which of four settings are enabled when the user presses the button on the dongle
The PC 373D is designed to be plush and comfortable, while providing crystal clear sound
Hearing a zombie somewhere nearby, and being able to tell that it's behind you and to the left, can mean the difference between life and death in a game. Sennheiser's new flagship gaming headset, the PC 373D, is designed to give you that advantage, while adding a customizable equalizer and wrapping it in a luxurious package.
The PC 373D doesn't change a whole lot from its predecessor, the 363D. The two-speaker system achieves 7.1 Dolby Surround by using the shape of the ear to simulate multi-angle directional sound, and Sennheiser's proprietary transducers make sure that sound is crisp and clear. Likewise, the noise-cancelling microphone is designed with clarity in mind, backed up by a noise reduction algorithm, if you so choose.
Volume is controlled via a big round dial on the right ear cup, and if you're talking to someone in the same room or chowing into a bag of chips, muting the microphone is as simple as raising the boom arm. Both are nice little ease-of-use touches that save you blindly groping for a dial somewhere down the cable. Apart from a few splashes of red in the ear pads, microphone and boom arm, the 373D looks basically the same as the earlier model, fitted with the same velvety plushness in the headband and ear pads.
So what's new? The 373D brings to the table what Sennheiser calls a Surround Dongle, which flips between stereo and surround modes through a simple button control set into the cable. Sounds pretty basic, but a new software equalizer allows the user to decide which of four surround modes are activated when that button is pressed, with modes optimized for general gaming, esports or music, and a neutral "off" setting. Three side tone settings make the microphone equally adjustable, depending on how much each gamer likes the sound of their own voice.
Sennheiser's PC 373D is available now for US$259.99. For an overly-dramatic tour of the headset, check out the video below.
Product page: Sennheiser
Sennheiser PC 373D Surround Sound Gaming Headset
GamesHeadphonesSennheiserGaming
Michael Irving
Michael has always been fascinated by space, technology, dinosaurs, and the weirder mysteries of the universe. With a Bachelor of Arts in Professional Writing and several years experience under his belt, he joined New Atlas as a staff writer in 2016.
Everything we know about the PlayStation 5
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New quantum particle may have been accidentally discovered


Sometimes it's tough to get a Canadian audience to appreciate my extremely intelligent humor. Not this crowd! Habitat for Humanity Canada gathered its top leaders together for a four-day conference - yes four days (!) - entitled, "One Habitat," to completely re-envision their future. We had a lot of laughs and I think we started some serious dreaming. In 2015 alone, Habitat canada built homes for 228 families. 22% of the children in the families with Habitat homes go on to attain a bachelor degree or more vs. 8% of a control group. And there's a 60% reduction in food-bank usage among partner families. Thanks to everyone at Habitat Canada, and especially Mark Rodgers and Deanna, for a very special morning. I am humbled by the incredible things you achieve every day, and I know you've only begun.
Hover over the photos below to see captions.
That's a big blackboard behind me - for everyone to write down their Habitat dreams.
With Habitat leadership after the talk.


text:
Q: Could Free Pascal benefit of something like Apache Maven? Apache Maven is a very popular build and dependency management tool in the Java open source ecosphere. I did some tests to find out if it can handle compiled Free Pascal / Delphi units and found it easy to implement. So it would be possible to

*

*release open source libraries precompiled for Free Pascal (or Delphi) in a public Maven repository

*include metadata in this repository which contains dependency information

*use Maven on the command line to download the open source library from the public repository, and automatically resolve all dependencies

*local repositories, working as proxies, could be used to cache frequently used binaries

*automatic checksum generation and verification (provided by Maven) would reduce the risk of downloading corrupted binaries

*source code and even documentation files could be provided with the binaries

*binaries can be provided with or without debug information

*continuous integration servers like Hudson, TeamCity or CruiseControl can be used to build projects whenever changes have been submitted to the source control system and notify developers about build errors

This way of dependency management could be very beneficial for open source projects which use many third party libraries with complex dependencies. It would avoid typical conflicts caused by using wrong versions.
For the developer, the workflow for editing and building a project would be reduced to a minimum:

*

*checkout the project source from internal version control system

*edit source file(s)

*run mvn package to automatically download all required third party libraries (precompiled units) if they are not yet in the workstation's local repository

*compile and run

The only additional file for Apache Maven which is required in the project folder is the POM.XML file containing the project information.
Edit: while Maven is usable for some of the required tasks, implementing a solution like Maven in native Free Pascal would have some advantages: no Java SDK required, support for all development platforms where Free Pascal is available, maintenance and plugin development in Pascal.
Usage of a Maven-like tool would not be helpful for open source projects only - commercial projects could access and use the artifacts in public Maven repositories in the same way as well.
Maven features are listed at http://maven.apache.org/maven-features.html

Update:
one use case could be the build of Lazarus, where Maven would download all required libraries and invoke the compiler with the necessary build path arguments. Changes in the dependencies on lower levels would be propagated automatically up to the parent build.
Possible benefits:

*

*less time needed to set up a new work
station, no manual installation of
third party libraries required

*less errors caused by wrong library
versions, detection of version
conflicts (for example if two
libraries depend on different
versions of a third library)

*artifacts which are created inhouse
can be added to the local maven
repository and shared between
developers and project, central
storage of all artifacts with
metadata

*builds are reproducible, just by
using the same source and project
metadata file (pom.xml)

*can reduce development time and
increase project stability

Update #2: FPMake
the FPMake build system for Free Pascal seems to be a tool with much potential, in many details it is quite similar to Maven:

*

*FPMake is a pascal based build system developed for and distributed with FPC

*FPMake standardizes the building by defining some limits like standard directories

*the command fppkg <packagename> will look in a database for the package, extract it, and then compile fpmake.pp and run it

*it has standard build targets (clean, build, install, ...)

*it can create a 'manifest' file suitable for import into a repository (like mvn deploy or mvn install), the manifest is an XML file which looks very similar to a pom.xml in Maven:

FPMake manifest file:
      <packages>
        <package name="my-package">
          <version major="0" minor="7" micro="6" build="1"/>
          <filename>my-package-0.7.6-1.zip</filename>
          <author>my name</author>
          <license>GPL</license>
          <homepageurl>http://www.freepascal.org/</homepageurl>
          <email>myname@freepascal.org</email>
          <description>this is the package description</description>
          <dependencies>
            <dependency>
              <package packagename="rtl"/>
            </dependency>
          </dependencies>
        </package>
      </packages>

A: Freepascal has been working on a package system of its own in a cross between apt-get and freebsd ports style. (download source/build/install automatically), called fppkg.
However work has stalled. People investing time are the bottleneck, not people wanting to choose tools.
As far as Maven goes, I don't like auxilary tools that need installation of huge external runtimes. It might be fine for a big major app (like Open Office), but not for an util.
I also prefer a tool that is designed to the FPC reality and workflow.
Documentation tools, build tools, download systems, testsuite systems are already all there, it just need a person that dedicates a lot of time into it to make it happen.
Some typical problems when introducing a new technology in a project as FPC, and why it has a tendency to make its own tools:

*

*need to train 20+ committers in parttime.

*The only COMMON programming language you can assume is Free Pascal. Even Delphi inner workings can't be taken for granted to be known (many committers came directly to FPC or even still via TP or a Mac Pascal)

*

*Obviously that makes something with plugins in a different language annoying.

*Bash script is a close second. (g)make third, but already a magnitude less.

*All servers are *nix-like (FreeBSD, OS X, Linux), but not all run Apache.  (e.g. my FreeBSD mirror runs XSHTTPD)

*somebody most knowledgable must be dedicated maintainer for a long time. Fix problems, update/ do migrations etc. Perferably more than one for obvious reasons.

*a major pain are Linux distributions (and FreeBSD to a lesser degree), most maintainers of *nix packages are not capable of more than "./configure;make;make install", and must be spoonfed with a near buildable repository and auxilary files.

*

*In-distribution packaging of FPC/Lazarus has always been important, and is still increasing

*All distributions have their own special rules about metadata, depedancies, and how sources must be published. Particularly Debian/Ubuntu is very bureaucratic and slow.

*Most don't like third party auto-installers on top of their systems (since that bypasses their dependancy control)

This all leads to the effective practice that own tools in Pascal with minimal scripting work best. Some tools used:

*

*Gmake is mainly used to parameterise the build process on a per directory level, a successor, fpcmake (not really a make derivative despite the name) has begun, but the migration hasn't completed.

*Latex and a latex to html conversion (tex4ht, but debian uses hevea) are used in the documentation building (the non library documentation)

*The community site (netscape community server which uses TCL scripting, a heavy complex application server) has been a trouble ever since it started, but specially lately since the maintainer became less active.

*Mantis has been a problem (specially the email module would crash or lame the server due to the volume), but it has been whipped into shape during successive updates and hard work of several lazarus devels. Currently it is a decent workhorse.

*lazarus.freepascal.org PHPBB forum OTOH is relatively painless since a lot of younger people know how to deal with it.

*The same goes for subversions (though the more advanced scale needs some adjusting, not everybody is deep into the ins and outs of mergetracking)

If somebody was really serious about Maven, I usually would ask him:

*

*to CRITICIALLY investigate the use for the project. In a very concrete way, with schedule and time estimates. Birds-eye level "everything's possible" overviews are essentialy worthless.

*Give some thought on future change of used technologies. Every technology is eventually replaced, even the in-house ones, in 18 year+ projects. A new technology must not make migrations of other infrastructural components hard or involved. The new technology to end all new technologies doesn't exist.

*Make a migration plan. Migration is often underrated and underestimated.

*And in the end, there is always the 1000000 Euro question, who will do the daily maintenance?

Keep in mind that in a company you just kick the person responsible for the application server. But in an informal environment this is way harder, specially long term, since people's lives, occupations and time spent on the project vary.

A: Sounds like an interesting plan, but the Delphi community (and FPC even more so, I'd imagine!) values libraries as source far more than precompiled libraries.  The general consensus is that anyone who uses a binary-only library is a fool, for two reasons: You can't fix any bugs you find in it, and compiler changes will break compatibility.


text:
Where is Vera filmed? Here's a guide to locations around Newcastle used in the ITV drama
With new series 11 episodes of Vera set to air from this Sunday, we reveal filming locations used in each series of the long-running ITV Sunday night crime drama for those keen to follow in the footsteps of its star Brenda Blethyn
Barbara HodgsonLife Writer
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Prepare to make yourselves comfortable, with snacks in hand, for another serving of a chilling crime drama to be enjoyed from the comfort of home.
A new episode of the hugely popular Vera makes its debut this Sunday - the first in a double treat in the latest series of the long-running drama which proves that you really can't have too much of a good thing.
It's been a ratings winner for ITV now for more than a decade and the next two episodes - the first of which, called Tyger Tyger, airs on January 9 at 8pm - will complete its 11th series: an incredible achievement in the fickle world of TV.
Read more: Vera reveals celebrity guest stars for new series
With filming for it delayed by the pandemic, the decision was made to divide this new series into two sets of two feature-length stories. The first two aired at the end of August last year and cast and crew then had to complete further filming so Vera fans have had to wait until now to see the second half.
At last Brenda Blethyn's hat and mac-wearing detective is ready to embroil us in a whole new murky murder mystery to keep us on our toes and one thing we can be certain of is that Sunday night's episode - actually episode three of series 11 - will receive the usual warm welcome from those legions of fans.
Vera is back on ITV on Sunday, January 9
Whenever the Northumberland-set series, based upon the Vera Stanhope novels by local author Ann Cleeves - who received an OBE in the New Year's Honours List, appears in the TV schedules it always guarantees two things: firstly, that viewers can expect another wealth of top-notch storytelling featuring the crime-cracking sleuth and, secondly, the North East can expect another flood of visitors, especially now that restrictions are lifted.
When the delayed filming for the 11th series finally began - having been due to start soon after credits rolled on series 10 - fans were quick, as ever, to spot Blethyn, co-star Kenny Doughty, who plays side-kick DS Aiden Healy, and the rest of the Vera cast and crew back at work in the North East, in carefully managed, socially-distanced shoots.
Over the years, location-spotters have seen Blethyn's character venture further afield from her original Northumberland base where the very first series of the drama began filming for its 2011 premiere.
Pictured Brenda Blethyn and co-star Kenny Doherty's reaction when they saw the police officer in the Vera style hat. (Image: TimMcGuinness/ChronicleLive)
Ever since, it has triggered a steady stream of viewers wanting to see for themselves the location of the action and this tourist boost to the economy has become known as the 'Vera effect'. A Vera Tour even launched to take fans around the drama's standout locations.
Meanwhile local viewers love to keep an eye out for places they recognise and find location-spotting adds to the enjoyment of the drama.
So, with a fresh batch of locations - known to us, but new to viewers countrywide - about to have their day on screen, here we offer a guide to where to look out for in the finale to series 11, followed by a round-up of previously-used places which have enjoyed almost as much of a starring role in the popular crime drama as the raincoat-wearing detective herself.
Brenda Blethyn as Vera in the first story, Witness, that features in the first episode of series 11
Series 11 locations
As the new series brings us another batch of mind-puzzling murders on January 9, we can expect to see more of the region looking great on TV.
We know that the new episode will feature a death during a robbery at a Blyth container port and a kidnap plot, with a twist which leads to a bit of a shocker in store for Vera.
And its star herself appeared to confirm a couple of filming sites used, when she shared a tweet this week about the new Tyger Tyger episode's use of "striking locations" including the Northumberland villages of Stamfordham and Matfen.
She has also been filming in Elvaston Park Road, Hexham; Allendale village; Port of Sunderland and Marlborough Park in Washington and last summer Blethyn was also pictured enjoying an ice cream during a break in filming in Corbridge.
Vera plays it cool in crime drama with latest scenes shot in Corbridge including an ice cream treat
It was a different matter weather-wise by August which saw Blethyn and Doughty filming in some less than summery conditions on Tynemouth Beach, when huge umbrellas helped protect them from the elements in between takes.
Actress Brenda Blethyn pictured while filming the latest series of Vera at Marlborough Park in Washington, Tyne and Wear. (Image: Iain Buist)
On the last day of that month, the River Tyne at North Shields was all go with a number of boats seen on the water indicating a possible search.
Vera's familiar Land Rover Defender was positioned next to a police cordon and officers wearing forensic suits.
There were snatched pictures too of a mannequin presumably being used to mark the filming position for a body on the beach, apparently washed up not far from Tynemouth Priory.
Brenda Blethyn and co-star Kenny Doughty being protected from the elements on Tynemouth beach (Image: Owen Humphreys/PA Media)
Looking back to part one - last year's start of series 11 - local viewers spotted a familiar landmark, restaurant and a cafe.
Filming for that had been first noticed in Tynemouth in September 2020 where Blethyn - masked up between scenes - was seen, together with Vera's familiar Land Rover, in Beach Road and Broadway. In the opening episode, called Witness, the story started with the finding of a body at the base of Collingwood Monument.
The detective is seen at the scene of a body found at the base of Collingwood Monument in Tynemouth in last year's opener for season 11
At the time Blethyn calls it "a very impressive location", adding that the victim was also shown on board the Shields Ferry before his death.
She said: "Sadly, Vera doesn't get to go on the ferry but I have been on it myself as a passenger." Holy Island causeway also featured and she said: "I love it when they are able to include that as part of the story."
Just days after filming in Tynemouth, Blethyn and co-star Doughty had moved on to shoot scenes near some flats in Gateshead then next in South Shields.
By early October, Amble, near The Fish Shack on Harbour Road, was the star of the show - near The Fish Shack on Harbour Road - and a night shoot took place in Wallsend, around Tynedale Avenue and High Farm, with even that late - and rather drizzly - occasion drawing spectators.
Other locations were Citrone Cafe in Front Street, Chester-le-Street where Blethyn and Doughty were snapped walking in and out of the venue and Arlo restaurant in Jesmond which was the chosen setting - with a name-change - for a scene shot there in November.
Vera star Brenda Blethyn enjoys an ice cream treat during a break in filming in Station Road, Corbridge (Image: TimMcGuinness/ChronicleLive)
Switching from town centres to a rural area, there was first a return to South Shields before heading back to Vera's old Northumberland stamping ground for one of the last shoots of that year, which saw the detective at work about 10 miles west of Alnwick, in Thrunton Wood in December.
By last spring year the cast and crew were back again, spending days around Whitley Bay and Seaton Sluice, including at the lighthouse and in the seaside's Duke Street where during a scene Doughty had a brief kick-around with a ball.
Casting minds back to locations of some of the long-running series' memorable scenes, filming on series 10 got under way in spring 2018: April 29 to be precise because, yes, we spotted cast and crew at work again.
One of the first sightings of Vera was at a gym in Gateshead - or rather in the snooker hall above Low Fell Life Gym - where Blethyn was inside filming while location vans took up space in its car park.
On the set of Vera as series 10 of hit North East drama begins on ITV
Then came the visit by Vera to Tanfield School in Stanley - which featured in episode one of series 10, along with Ridley Park and the Tan Hill Inn at Swaledale in North Yorkshire, which is the highest pub in Britain.
Filming almost went unnoticed when it moved on to Gosforth, where Vera's 4x4 was spotted by The Chronicle in Moor Crescent outside a house being used in a new storyline; while work under way around the busy Clayton Street in Newcastle was a bit more obvious to passers-by.
Filming of the first episode of series 10 had finished by May 31 then by July they were halfway through the whole series and other locations since then included Port of Tyne international passenger terminal in North Shields which, eagle-eyed viewers might recall, featured in a previous episode of Vera in 2017.
This time Blethyn and co-star Doughty were joined by hordes of extras for the August shoot at the ferry terminal.
Actress Brenda Blethyn aka DCI Vera Stanhope with Phil Bedford, Port of Tyne assistant operations manager, cruise and ferry (Image: Port of Tyne)
Across the Tyne, the Herd Groyne in South Shields was given a role in filming too.
Fans have become adept at spotting signs of cast and crew at work, such as evidence of the unit base, at sites such as Sage Gateshead, and location markers.
And Sunderland Greyhound Stadium was a familiar sight in the final episode of series 10.
Airing on ITV in January 2019, this series saw cast and crew hard at work across the region, in locations ranging from Alnmouth and Amble in Northumberland - including Braid, Northside, the harbour and quayside - to Jesmond and the Grainger Market in Newcastle.
The star was seen filming for that in the summer 2018 at the Turknaz restaurant in Whitley Bay in July then the focus of the action switched to the city centre with the cameras set up outside St Nicholas Cathedral, Amen Corner and the top of The Side.
However, filming was later delayed for a time due to illness before resuming later in year, with scenes on Whitley Bay beach being completed in October, meaning the team had just a quick turnaround before the series aired from January.
Actress Brenda Blethyn filming the latest series of the ITV drama Vera on Whitley Bay beach in North Tyneside (Image: Owen Humphreys/PA Wire)
In January 2018, the eighth series began with an entirely new location for the drama.
The first episode was set on the Farne Islands and saw Vera take the sea air as she travelled over there by boat from the mainland. And the actress told how the experience was a new one for her too, and she came in for quite a soaking.
She told The Chronicle she got to see puffins and seals but was drenched by a wave during a choppy crossing, adding: "I've got good sea legs!"
Filming for Vera has featured iconic locations in the past as well as places such as a property in Cleveland Road, pictured, in North Shields
The landscapes used have been increasingly varied, ranging from the sweeping splendour of Dunstanburgh Castle to the industrial backdrop of the former Swan Hunter shipyard in Wallsend.
The previous series also saw her in Peterlee in County Durham and in Newbiggin-by-the-Sea in Northumberland, as well as Seaton Delaval, Blyth and Seaton Sluice, where one fan at the time posted a photograph of himself with Brenda Blethyn on Twitter, referring to the actress as a "proper lady".
Cast of Vera on location in Washington
The early years to series 7
Over the first years of filming, Blethyn came to really know Northumberland, where the bulk of the action is set, and it's this on-screen portrayal of that beautiful countryside which first sent its visitor numbers rocketing.
The "Vera effect" - credited with the sharp rise of tourists following the airing of each series - has also led to local residents proving keen to reacquaint themselves with their home turf.
As the eponymous detective strayed further from her rural turf as the series advanced, cases drew her to Newcastle city centre for the first time.
Previous Vera scenes shot on the High Level Bridge
With huge swathes of Northumberland already aired on-screen during the drama's lengthy run, filming expanded over the years across the region, with more spots around Durham and Newcastle have been playing a role.
In October 2015, filming brought the sleuth to the High Level Bridge while the previous month she was on Whitley Bay beach.
She's also visited Collingwood Street's Diamond Strip and the Crown Posada bar. Dramatic scenes were also set in Teesside.
Vera author Ann Cleeves celebrated in New Year's Honours List
Vera writer Ann Cleeves talks about her creation
And 2016's locations included the quadrangle of Northumbria University where a mocked-up sign read "University of Northumberland sports complex", which caused some momentary confusion for students before they caught sight of the crew and cameras.
Following Vera's footsteps across the North East also takes us to the Northumberland coast, including Craster, Seahouses and Rumbling Kern.
Series seven was then aired in 2017.
So, more than 10 years on from its debut, wor Vera still shows no signs of age or of letting up pace and, as we await the series 11 conclusion, loyal viewers clearly will be sticking with Vera every new step of the way.
Vera will air on ITV1 this Sunday, January 9at 8pm. The episode then will be available to view on ITV Hub .
For the latest What's On news, announcements and reviews direct to your inbox, go here to sign up to our free newsletter
Vera series 11 to return to ITV with robbery and sinister kidnap twist
Brenda Blethyn on new Vera series and the prospect of hanging up that hat
Newbiggin-by-the-sea
Seaton Delaval
Seaton Sluice
PrimarkPrimark announces 400 jobs to be cut across its UK stores - what we knowThe jobs will be lost as part of a restructure to offset costs of the pandemic
What is Wordle and how can I play? Viral daily word puzzle takes internet by storm
In The NewsThe free to play browser game has been attracting hundreds of thousands of players - but watch out for US spellings
NE1 Newcastle Restaurant Week reveals all 77 venues taking part this January
Restaurant WeekHere's which Newcastle restaurants will be offering week-long discounts and they include 15 of the city's newcomers
Newcastle Restaurant Week - deals, menus and how to book
Restaurant WeekHow to make the most of the special deals on offer in Newcastle during the January 17-23 Restaurant Week
Look inside Alnwick's new independent 'Accidental' bookshop
AlnwickThe Accidental Bookshop opened in Alnwick last month and follows on from Corbridge's Forum Books and The Bound in Whitley Bay
Primark announces 400 jobs to be cut across its UK stores - what we know
Sam Bailey adds her own magical touch to Disney's Beauty and the Beast at Sunderland Empire
Sunderland EmpireWith Beauty and the Beast set to open in Sunderland this Thursday, former X Factor star Sam Bailey discusses her role in it, the change she brought to the show, along with the pandemic and her friendship with Newcastle United's new signing Chris Wood
What happened to the Billy Elliot cast? From Hollywood stardom to role in new series of The Bay
County DurhamIt's been more than 21 years since Billy Elliot first danced its way into films fans' hearts, going on to be a hit musical
Sunderland AFCSunderland facing 'fluid' injury situation in run-up to Portsmouth clashLee Johnson has given an injury update ahead of the game, and also revealed that two long-term absentees are back in light training
Inside the Jesmond cheese shop offering over 100 different types of cheese
JesmondAfter its opening was delayed due to Covid, Grate has had a 'non-stop' first year and owner Moz promises that there's 'something for everybody' in the shop
Drunk man knocked partner's teeth out in attack before hitting her daughter when she intervened
County DurhamKenneth Hague, 60, carried out the violent assault on two women he was living with
Restaurant Week is the perfect time to try Veganuary at Newcastle's oldest vegetarian café
Restaurant WeekEverything on the menu at Super Natural on Grainger Street is vegan-friendly, and the café has a special deal on for Restaurant Week
Keep, sell or loan? Newcastle United fans deliver January transfer verdict after survey
Newcastle United FC Transfer NewsThe Magpies are in the middle of their first transfer window under Saudi ownership
Plan B LIVE: Updates as rules scrapped after Omicron cases decline
Boris JohnsonHealth Secretary Sajid Javid has said England's Covid Plan B rules are likely to be 'substantially reduced' after Omicron cases began falling again
Covid survivor and NHS hero honoured at age 90 - more than 70 years after first becoming hospital worker
NHS HeroesMargaret Donaldson first worked for the NHS aged just 16. Now, at 90, she's been honoured by the team at South Tyneside District Hospital with a special birthday celebration marking her years of work and volunteering.


From Donna : I attended Auburn from summer 1969 till summer 1972 for my undergraduate Business degree. I went to Samford University for my MBA in 1977. Went to work for Southern Company in fall 1972, and have had many varied work locations and responsibilities with them through the years. Currently retiring October, 2014, as the IT Manager of the Information Technology Help Desk department for Southern Company.
I have three grown children, 2 sons and 1 daughter. My older son is married and has two children, a daughter who is 8 and a son who is 4. My younger son is married and has a brand new baby daughter effective Sept 2014. My daughter is also married and has a baby daughter who is 8 months. So I also answer to the name of "Nanna" for the wonderful grandchildren! Time marches on . . . . thankfully.


text:
Poslednikovo () is a rural locality (a selo) in Pushtulimsky Selsoviet, Yeltsovsky District, Altai Krai, Russia. The population was 128 as of 2013. There are 3 streets.

Geography
Poslednikovo is located 29 km southeast of Yeltsovka (the district's administrative centre) by road. Bakhta is the nearest rural locality.

References

Rural localities in Yeltsovsky District

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


How to get the cheapest price for your rail ticket Oberau to Bretten?
The most wanted departure dates and times to travel to Bretten are almost always more expensive.
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JB's Nets have over 20 years experience in not only hunting nets but also providing a quality service with a professional and friendly approach.
All products are made in the UK using the highest quaility materials , none of the products are cheap chinese imports.
Copyright © 2017 JB's Nets. All Rights Reserved.


text:
Martin Sexton in Concert
Martin Sexton in Concert Add to my Calendar map-Martin Sexton in Concert Get Directions Print This Event
"The real thing, people." — Billboard "His outstanding taste in songwriting as well as a soul marinated voice that can easily be compared to the likes of a young Steve Winwood or Van Morrison." — Rolling Stone Syracuse native Martin Sexton will be visiting Payomet on Friday, July 16! He got his start singing on the streets and subways of Boston in the early 90's. Now he headlines venues from The Fillmore to Carnegie Hall, influencing a generation of contemporary artists. His songs have appeared in television series such as Scrubs, Parenthood, Masters of Sex and in numerous films, though it's his incendiary live show, honest lyrics, and vocal prowess that keep fans coming back for more.
Start:July 16, 2021 Time: 7:00 PM
End:July 16, 2021 Time: 8:30 PM
Where:Payomet Performing Arts Center, 29 Old Dewline Road,, Barnstable County, Massachusetts, United States, 02652


text:
....is a Senior Consultant to the firm, admitted firstly as a Barrister and then admitted to practice as a Solicitor with this firm since 5 December 1975. Mr Savins is qualified to practice law in NSW and Queensland and holds an appointment as an Arbitrator for the President of the Law Society of New South Wales. Mr Savins conducts an extensive commercial, probate and conveyancing practice.
Mr Savins provides expert services in...
Commercial & Residential Leases
Sales / Purchases of Homes & Businesses
Company/Partnership & all Business Matters
...Partner. Admitted as a solicitor and barrister in South Australia on 3 March 1997 and in New South Wales on 30 July 1998. Brendan began his legal career as an associate to von Doussa J of the Federal Court and has since spent many years in general commercial and litigation practice.
Mr Ware provides expert services in...
John Goodwin was born at South Gundurimba and raised on a dairy farm. He then attended South Lismore Public School and later Lismore High School before going to Sydney University to obtain a Batchelor of Laws and Batchelor of Economics.
He joined McKenzie Cox in 1980 and has been with that firm ever since and has extensive experience in conveyancing, Wills, Probates and Leases and holds a Law Society Accreditation as a specialist in business law.
John's particular areas of focus are conveyancing, Wills and in particular Testamentary Trusts and more complex Wills and the general administration of Estates and Estate Planning.
Mr Goodwin provides expert services in...
David was admitted as a solicitor of the Supreme Court of New South Wales in 2007. Throughout his legal career David has worked locally on the Northern Rivers and is experienced in wills and estate planning, probate and deceased estates, commercial and retail leasing and general commercial matters.
Mr Balzer provides expert services in...
Insurance and Negligence Claims
Sales / Purchases of Homes / Businesses etc
Company / Partnership & all Business Matters


text:
Michelle Rodriguez: "If Hillary becomes president, Hollywood will be all over the feminist movement"
By Jennifer Zabasajja
October 7, 2016 / 3:53 PM / CBS News
Fans of Michelle Rodriguez have watched her play Letty Ortiz in the "Fast and Furious" films for over a decade.
Throughout her career, Rodriguez has taken on several tough, no-nonsense characters -- from a police officer in "S.W.A.T" to a boxer in "Girlfight." Now the 38-year-old can be seen starring as a schoolteacher in the film adaptation of Eckhart Tolle's 2008 novel, "Milton's Secret."
In the film, a young bullied boy (William Ainscough) is taught by his grandfather (Donald Sutherland) that focusing too much on the past and worrying about the future prevents him from finding true happiness in the present.
Rodriguez opened up to CBS News about her unlikely new role and also why she thinks a Hillary Clinton presidency will change Hollywood.
Your character in "Milton's Secret" is slightly different than what we are used to seeing you play. What appealed to you about this role?
I guess when you are in your late 30s, you feel a little bit more maternal than when you're a girl. There was also something really cool about a kid learning alchemy. I think in a day and age when you have so much noise happening around you, it's a beautiful message to have this kid reminded that he is human by his grandfather.
AlunaGeorge singer Aluna Francis breaks the mold
The film deals with this idea of being present. Could you relate to the boy's story and the relationships in his life?
I grew up in Jersey City, so I don't comprehend the psychology of kids today. I can understand that what I felt as a kid physically with fights in the school yard are now verbal, but they have the same psychological effect. I thought it was a beautiful message for children every now and then to stop and evaluate their mind and what is most important to them.
Michelle Rodriguez as Ms. Ferguson in "Milton's Secret"
Given the demands of your career, do you ever find it difficult to stop and be mindful and present?
I'm just as susceptible as the next person. I constantly have to reevaluate myself and everything I hold dear. Sometimes it helps to stop, breathe and just look at yourself. It's like the idea of having cameras on cops. The awareness of having someone watch you just shifts your entire demeanor -- it changes the way you act. I'm almost certain everybody acts differently in front of people than when they are alone. But you can be your own witness in a way and guide yourself in the same way that you would if you were being watched.
Luke Evans wants more musicals, fewer superhero movies
How closely have you been following the wave of police killings we've seen recently?
I've seen all of it. I grew up in Jersey City with some of the worst police ever in my town. I had friends die at the hands of cops and have been seeing this violence for a long time. I only think there is attention being given to the subject now because we have an African-American president, and I am grateful for it. Now I think we may need a woman to be president so we can bring some attention to women's issues.
My 1st time vote is going to #HillaryClinton. She's a fighter. I remember watching her speak in Beijing addressing the UN in the 90's. She was First Lady, her words were powerful, and she didn't hold back. After that moment women were recognized and regarded by the UN for the 1st time in its history as humans deserving of #HumanRights. It was her weight as 1st lady going all the way to China, risking international relations in the name of justice. Women from all over the world united for the 1st time ever at this scale in Beijing that year. South American, African, Middle Eastern, Chinese... I watched all of these women look to Hillary for Hope. I believe that her presence and the speech she gave as 1st lady carried a weight to it and affected the decisions made by all those male officials from UN when dealing with human rights & women. That's how I know she's a fighter. I like that virtue over everything else. So, I'm taking the leap of faith in the most sane candidate out of all of 'em. #madeforhistory Showing my support with this tee: http://bit.ly/hillarytees
A photo posted by Michelle Rodriguez (@mrodofficial) on Mar 31, 2016 at 2:51pm PDT
We're seeing an increasing amount of strong female roles being written for actors today. Are you encouraged by what's out there? What more does Hollywood need to be doing?
It's really about getting that female out there. The symbolism behind a woman leading the country is so powerful. I promise you if Hillary Clinton becomes president, Hollywood is going to be all over the feminist movement. It's really sad that that's how it is, but it's hard to get into this business in the first place, so I can understand why the guys are hogging it up with their own dreams. If I was a guy I don't know that I would focus my career on dreaming for women, but you know it's unequal.
Fifty-one percent of the population is female and 80 percent of the directors are guys. Same for producers, directors and heads of studios. I see lots of female studio heads who aren't doing much for women. It's really rough out there. Once people realize that women hold up half the world, it will balance itself out.
I love directors like JJ Abrams, James Cameron and Christopher Nolan. They are all open-minded men who are really strong and have tendencies to write really amazing female characters because they see them as equal. Each of them just see great characters -- not a man or a woman, just a great person.
Anna Friel on new movie "I.T." and legacy of "Pushing Daisies"
Can we expect to see you step behind the camera and write some of these roles yourself?
I'm on it. Believe me, I am not going to wait for some guy to dream for me. I know we have to take the torch ourselves and dream for ourselves. Be patient with me, I'll go out there and hold the torch, for sure.
"Milton's Secret" is now in select theaters nationwide and on VOD.
Milton's Secret - Official Trailer by Momentum Pictures on YouTube
First published on October 7, 2016 / 3:53 PM
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Acts as the routine contact point, receiving and handling requests for support. Responds to a broad range of service requests for support by providing information to fulfill requests or enable resolution. Provides first line investigation and diagnosis and promptly allocates unresolved issues as appropriate. Assists with the development of standards, and applies these to track, monitor, report, resolve or escalate issues. Contributes to creation of support documentation.


The main objective of this thesis is to investigate Nintendo Wii Fit/Sport as a fitness substitute for the traditional gym exercise and to assess the views of the participants who took part in the study. It also aims to research technology through multimedia and how it has enhanced learning, with a variety of games and fitness techniques for participants of all age groups. It endeavours to shows how the Nintendo Wii Fit/Sport can enhance fitness and general well being and health compared to the traditional gym. The approach used for this research was a Case Study, which is a particular method of qualitative research. Qualitative research involves investigating participants' opinions, behaviours and experiences from the informant's points of view. It provides a systematic way of looking at events, collecting data, analysing information and reporting the results. In order to obtain these findings, the researcher chose a combination of Questionnaire, Interviews and Observation combined initially in Action Research and then later used as individual pieces of research. The findings while not statistically significant or scientific show that the Wii Fit/Sport can and does improve our general well-being and health, while it may not replace the gym on a permanent basis; it would enhance fitness, promoting fun, laughter and games.


Budget price, but big on value and quality. An aluminium reel that is lightweight and robust in design. Fully ventilated with easy to use, variable rear drag knob. Exposed spool on outside so extra drag can be applied by palming. Silent retrieve and whisper clicker when a fish take you on. Spare spools available. Can be changed to right or left hand wind easily.


One might think a university's academic reputation rested on the actual scholarship produced by faculty and the actual quality of education provided by professors to students, but no, apparently it's all just a function of admissions rates and SAT scores. If pursuing radical goals like "larger freshman classes" and "inclusive" admissions policies automatically devalues the university's reputation, doesn't that mean the entire reputational mechanism is a fraud? And as is generally the case, all normal scholarly standards of evidence (e.g. "citing evidence") are thrown out the window in discussions of educational quality, with assertions that enrolling a larger and more diverse student body will "affect the quality of an SU education" unaccompanied by research or data of any kind.
As we all know, college is very expensive and getting more so all the time, causing increasing numbers of students to borrow large amounts of money to attend. The U.S. News & World Report college rankings are often fingered as a culprit, forcing colleges against their will to engage in ruinously expensive positional status competition. We are also told that colleges are chronic sufferers of Baumol's cost disease and can't possibly use technology to become more resource-efficient over time. But as these examples show, it is more often than not colleges themselves causing these problems. If you're a tenured faculty member, it's in your best interest for your university to spend a ton of money recruiting rich kids with high SAT scores in order to climb the U.S. News status ladder, because some of that money and status will come to you. And if you're a lecturer it's in your best interest for your university to not migrate toward a technology-enhanced educational system that serves more students for less money. So, big picture, universities like Syracuse remain the exception to the rule, public universities have a hard time expanding their digital offerings, prices rise, access is constricted, and hey look! The University of Phoenix Online is enrolling hundreds of thousands of undergraduates.
This strikes me as substantially a political problem. K-12 teachers unions are under intense scrutiny and have lately been backing away from some of their least defensible policies as a result. In higher education, while you can read about this stuff in excellent publications like the Chronicle and InsideHigherEd, such issues just aren't among the suite of well-understood concerns that political and media elites incorporate into their worldview as a matter of course.


This documented work shows the vicissitudes which the Spanish Horse had to live through during one of the most unsettled political and social periods in the Spanish history. It covers the years from 1700, the year which coinsides with the arrival in Spain of the Bourbon kings, until the beginning of the 20th century. It explains the historical development of this breed of horses which, ever since its creation in the second half of the 16th century, kept expanding through continuous endogenous crosses carried out mainly by the Andalusian breeders. The aim was to try to uniform the rest of the equine population, based on the morfological and psychological characteristics for which the Spanish Horse had gained its status of being perfect. The book examines all different aspects of its evolution during those two centuries, placed in the historical, social, military and economic context in which it occured. In this way, it analyzes the various changes of regulations concerning horse breeding that were issued, and through which this horse breed was being controlled, ever since it had emerged from its cradle: the Royal Stud Farm of Córdoba. It describes its morphology during that period and the process which had led to the end of the religious orders´ predominance in horse breeding. It also clarifies the confusion existing around the supposed crossbreeding of the Spanish Horse in some moments in history, like those it endured during the French invasion, in which it found itself on the verge of disappearance. The subsequent arrival in Spain of new breeds of horses, like the Arab, the English Thoroughbred or the Norman, together with the tax grants they were being awarded, the Ordinances concerning the breeding of mules issued in order to stop the progressive stagnation of the horse population, and the obtaining of the lusitano horse through crosses are amongst the other aspects also studded in this work.
We are talking here about a work of special interest, one that provides the key which allows us to understand, to large extend, the present situation of the Spanish breed. Furthermore, this book is the second part of the History and Origins of the Spanish Horse (Historia y origen del caballo español) which, only a year after it had been published, was regarded by the specialized press as one of the ³classics², and awarded with words such as ³fundamental², ³brilliant² and ³revolutionary work². In it, it has been shown and documented that the Spanish Horse was not the fruit of natural evolution, as it had been claimed, but the result of the first genetic megaproject in history undertaken in order to obtain a breed of horses whose characteristics had been layed out by the classical Greeks as being ideal for an equine. This was the project ordered to be carried out in the city of Córdoba, in 1567, by the king Philip II.
Chapter I. Horse breeding in the first half of the 18th century.
1.1 Historical context. Philip V and horse breeding (1700-1746).
1.2 The prohibition of producing of mules and registration of ³stableboy².
1.3 Ferdinand VI (1746 -1759) and the reorganization of horse breeding.
The expansion of Purebred Spanish Horses to Portugal: The origin of the similarities between the Purebred Spanish Horse and the Lusitano Horse.
Chapter II. Charles III and the development of horse breeding (1759-1788).
2.1 Reorganization of horse breeding.
2.2 The expulsion of the Jesuits and the its effect on the expansion of Purebred Spanish horses.
2.4 The change of the Old Regime; decline and revival of equestrian arts.
Chapter III.The decline of absolutism and the purebred spanish horse.
3.1 Carlos IV y los picaderos reales.
3.2 The last Ordinances on horse breeding of the 18th century.
Prerogatives of the Royal Stables of Cordoba.
3.3 Recommendations for crossbreeding Spanish Horses.
The rrots of the crossbreeding recommending.
3.4 Críticism of the horse breeding system during the 18th century.
The morphology of the Spanish horse towards the end of the Old Regime.
3.5 The Horse Register at the beginningof the 19th century and the new prohibition to breed mules.
3.6 Inventory of the horses at the Royal stables of Córdoba, 1802-1804.
Chapter IV.The war of Independence, the advent of liberalism and the arrival of new breeds.
4.1 Ferdinand VII prior to the War of Independence, 1808-1812.
The first requisitions of horses following the advance of the French army towards Andalusia.
4.2 The Andalusian horse population following the Courts of Cádiz, 1812.
The Constitutional Triennium and the arrival of draft horses in Andalusia, (1820-1823).
Arrival of Norman mares at the stables of Aranjuez.
The stud farm of the Infante Francisco de Paula de Borbón (Úbeda-Jaén).
4.3 Ferdinand VII's second period of absolutism, draft horses and the Purebred Spanish Horse, (1823-1833).
English thoroughbreds: their influence on crossbreeding of draft horses and the first racecourses.
Arab horses and the legends about their origins.
Racial characteristics of the Arab horse and its similarity with the Spanish purebred.
Chapter V. The evolution of the breed and the work of the stablemasters.
5.1 Liberalization of the horse market under the regency of queen Maria Cristina (1834-1840).
Sale of Church land and decline of breeding amongst monastic orders.
5.2 Isabel II and the new organization of the Royal Palace stables, (1840-1870).
Morphological characteristics of the Spanish horse in the 19th century and equestrian renaissance.
5.3 The First Republic and sale of the Royal Stud farm (1870-1875).
5.4 Alfonso XII (1875-1885): his love of horses.
Importation of English thoroughbreds by the Spanish Royal Household.
Two Arab horses for the Spanish Royal Household.
Jacas for the Royal Household.
5.5 The regency of María Cristina of Habsburg-Lorraine, mother of Alfonso XIII (1885-1902).
The purity and revival of the Spanish purebred horse from the 19th to the 20th century.
The Creation of the Military Stud farm.
The book has 368 p. 21x28 pages, 150 gram gloss paper with 134 color and black and white photographs and ilustrations. Leather binding with gold engraved letters and jacket with color, plastic coated photograph with gold relief stamped title.


order now First, a little bit about my Spirit Art Readings, since I've had a lot of people ask.
Here's how it works: I'm an empath, which means I tune into people's energy. I'm also an intuitive, so I'm able to pick up information about them without their telling me. (Don't ask me how that works, I can just tell you it does, and that I've worked successfully with people as far away as Singapore.) Usually I do this over the phone or Skype. I can do it from a photo of the person, too (as I did in this case) but over the phone is better because if the person has questions I can answer them readily.