April 27, 2018 mannygotbricks Atlanta, Key!
Key has been teasing songs on his Instagram for months now forcing the anticipation for his next project 777 to an all time high. Today we finally get two singles from the Atlanta rapper, and my choice of the two is "Kelly Price Freestyle". Listen below.
Well no one saw this coming, Uno is a pretty good example for what the modern rapper sounds and looks like, and Fraud has all the elements of a traditional 90's style, producer. These two coming together is coming totally out of left field. Harry is known for his instrumental part in the rise of French Montana now he blesses newcomer Uno wiht his signature sampled production. Uno sounds like a cross between Lou Rawls and Lil Wayne on this record mixing bars and melody in ways I have never heard before. Listen below.
ATL's 6 Dogs is poised to be a major voice in this new post Chief Keef wave of rap we are enjoying right now. Today he links with rising star Lil Skies for a somber ode to the dope. Listen below.


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Ax Virus
Centralized Hand Sanitizer System
© 2021, Ax Virus. All Rights Reserved.
COVID-19 CENTRALIZED HAND SANITIZER SYSTEM
The coronavirus pandemic showed the world that a more effective hand sanitizing solution is necessary in the modern world.
Centralized Hand Sanitizing System
2020 was an unforgettable year for many people. With the rise of COVID-19, many people needed a more effective way to stay safe while out or staying home. On a world wide basis, more than 180,000,000 people contracted Covid-9. More than 3,903,000 died.
The coronavirus pandemic showed the world that a more effective hand sanitizing solution is necessary in the modern world. We created Ax Virus with a single vision: A Centralized Hand Sanitizer System to help the world gain access to better hand sanitizing methods.
Our Centralized Hand Sanitizing Solution
Body Temperature sensing for Fever Detection,
AI Facial Recognition for Security and Analytics,
Reporting statistics for various deployment scenarios,
Classrooms, Hospitals, Department Stores, Sports Arenas, Airline Departure Gates, Convention Centers, Casinos, Government Offices,
High Volume Commuting (Trains/Train Stations),
Healthcare Facilities,
Fitness Centers.
Our Centralized Hand Sanitizer System Is Revolutionizing Health In High Traffic Areas.
Learn About Who We Are
Robert Chen, Co-Inventor
For the past 38 + years, Mr. Chen headed up Fortune 500 Companies in Sales and Management for Motorola (Greater China), Compaq Computer, Symantec, FIC and Digital Equipment Corporation in USA and Greater ChinaMr. Chen is accomplished in identifying and capturing New Opportunities and developing Strategic Alliances to accelerate expansion, increase sales revenues and improve profit.
Highlighting Key Accomplishments
• As GM for DEC/Compaq Computer(Taiwan), Mr. Chen won 9 out of 10 Semiconductor FAB Automation SI projects with clients like: TSMC, Winbond and UMC. The revenue for 9 projects exceeded USD $150.0 m.• Won major SI contract for Off-Track Betting for HK Jockey Club (HKJC). The Hong Kong Jockey Club is a world-class racing club that acts continuously for the betterment of HK society. A leader in horse racing and responsible sports wagering and one of the world's top ten charity donors.• As VP of Sales for First International Computer (FIC), Mr. Chen closed over USD $400.0 m orders with DELL, Compaq and HP for Notebooks and DeskTop Computers.
• As VP at Motorola, Mr. Chen dramatically increased subscription and revenue for China market.
US Patents
Over the past seven years, Mr. Chen filed eight (7) Patents with US Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO). As of May 2021, USPTO approved and granted Mr. Chen five (5) patents.
Tiffany Chen, Co-Inventor
Tiffany Chen is starting her Junior Year @ UCLA. Tiffany is majoring in Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, and minoring in Biomedical Research at UCLA. Her interests lie in the use of biotechnology, such as medical devices and brain-computer interfaces (BCIs), to add those with neurological and cognitive disorders. She founded http://www.handucla.org (High-tech And Neuro-Disorders) at UCLA to bridge together healthcare and technology, in order to connect students with medical and industry professionals and spark innovation and collaboration within the community.
From promoting mental wellness to treating movement disorders, biotechnology combines hands-on patient care with cutting-edge research, which Tiffany hopes to expand upon on campus by bringing together students of all majors, ranging from engineering to business economics. As co-inventor of iStopShaking®, Tiffany is leading a student team as part of HAND to begin developing the three IoT devices to treat patients with Parkinson's disease, with the devices using miniaturized gyroscopes to stabilize essential tremors.
Additionally, Tiffany enjoys golfing and advocating for public health and performing research under a neuroscience lab.
Amelia Chen, Co-Inventor
Amelia Chen is a senior at Miramonte High School in California. She is involved in S.T.E.M through her school club S.T.E.M. in Action where she leads science webinars for middle schoolers.
She was the S.T.E.A.M. Site Director at Legarza Camp in the summer of 2022. There, she instructed kids on the fundamentals of electricity, magnetism, gravity, and other scientific ideas at a level they could conceptualize through building science projects.
Additionally, she is an AP Scholar and the winner of the state-wide California Stock Market Simulation.
Amelia has taken The Psychology of Competition and Introduction to Neuroscience at Harvard Pre-college.
She enjoys singing and dancing, and she founded the club Performing Arts Outreach, which hosts variety shows for senior centers and elementary schools.
Our Centralized Hand Sanitizer System Is Ready For Immediate Use In Any Industry.
With the world starting to go back to work, there has never been a better time for an efficient, practical hand sanitizing solution. After years of developing our products
The kiosk can be refilled through a 1000 Gallon Tank allowing for extensive usage. It is also capable of monitoring temperature and PPE compliance.
Other features of our Centralized Hand Sanitizer System include:
1000 gallon tank for automatic refills to LCD kiosks,
LCD screen offers Touch-free interface,
LCD has Built-in oximeter,
Kiosk has AI facial recognition software to monitor Medical Personnel in Hospital Operating rooms for compliance of hood, PPE and Goggle,
1080p HD screen,
Kiosk takes Precise temperature of person receiving hand sanitizer,
System has Content management reporting system for Management.
This Centralized hand sanitizing system can handle extensive usage, which is why we've designed it with a 1000 gallon centralized reservior. The 1000 Gallon tank is connected to individualized kiosk by piping, which pumps the hand sanitizer solution directly into the system.
This reservoir is easy to refill and service, allowing the Centralized Hand Sanitizer System to remain in constant use.
Our Patent #11,000,712 B1
Ax Virus Provides Access to a Comprehensive Solution For All Hand Sanitizing Needs.
At Ax Virus, we are proud to present our state-of-the-art sanitization technology to a national audience. Health and safety are our number one concerns as we strive to combat the coronavirus pandemic.
Is Hand Sanitizer Effective at Preventing COVID-19 Infection?
Hand sanitizer is an effective solution for combatting COVID-19 for people on the move. While the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends hand washing to prevent the spread of the virus, many busy people do not have access to these essentials when at work or moving from place to place.
According to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), hand sanitizer is most effective when it is alcohol-based, with over 60% alcohol content. Ax Virus is proud to meet and exceed this standard with our Centralized Hand Sanitizing Solution.
Our product provides effective, medical-grade hand sanitizer to the public. We understand that people are busy, which means they might not always access proper sanitizing methods. Our team wants to fix this problem by offering our quality hand sanitizing solutions to the working world.
What Makes Our Centralized Hand Sanitizing Solution Different From Other Sanitizers?
Our patented Centralized Hand Sanitizing Solution is different from other sanitizing stations on the market. Instead of needing individual refills, our kiosk can be refilled via a centralized reservoir, making it easier for business and property owners to maintain it.
The Centralized COVID-19 Hand Sanitizing System is unique because it can automatically detect temperature, PPE compliance, and more. All of this data reports to our product's Content Management System (CMS), where the owner can review settings and monitor guests and visitors.
The CMS is adjustable, so the owner can specify temperatures to look out for, view any alerts or messages from the system, and monitor the kiosk for PPE compliance.
The CMS is a highly customizable, effective way to monitor the Centralized Hand Sanitizing System, ensuring that all visitors have access to high-quality sanitization services.
Why Ax Virus?
There is a need for a streamlined solution for temperature detection and PPE compliance at Hospital's Operating Rooms. Many standalone systems do not have the storage capacity to meet demand, which means they must receive frequent service or maintenance.
Ax Virus's solution goes a step above other units, giving our clients access to a comprehensive solution for all their hand sanitizing needs.
Our centralized hand sanitizing kiosk will assist businesses' sanitizing and temperature monitoring efforts. Our product is designed for daily use, allowing businesses to protect their staff and visitors from COVID-19 and other viruses.
Ax Virus's solution to modern hand sanitizing needs received a patent in May 2021, which has put it at the forefront of modern sanitizing technology.
Here are just a few of the features that make our system unique:
Checks for PPE compliance
Accurately detects temperature
It contains a built-in pulse oximeter
It is completely touch-free
Contains precise facial recognition software
The system notifies users of high temperatures
Owners can use 1080p HD screen for advertising
Backed by a comprehensive content management system
A centralized reservoir keeps the system running indefinitely
Can be placed in high-traffic areas for maximum effectiveness
Why Use A Centralized Reservoir?
A centralized reservoir allows for the easy and immediate refilling of the unit. This process makes it easier for the public to access sanitization, providing a large quantity of sanitizer for high-traffic and high-occupancy areas.
Our team believes that it is essential for buildings to have access to superior hand sanitization methods, so we devised the centralized reservoir for our product. The centralized reservoir can be filled with hundreds or thousands of gallons of sanitizer, depending on customer needs.
This reservoir can be refilled from a basement or storage facility, meaning the unit does not need to be taken out of service to refill. Instead, the unit can remain functional at all times, all while allowing the owner to maintain it for future usage properly.
What Are The Benefits of Our Centralized Hand Sanitizer System?
Our Centralized Hand Sanitizing System is different from others on the market, as it allows users to tap into a robust amount of features, all while keeping visitors safe.
Our equipment thrives in high-traffic areas, allowing it to keep a larger quantity of people safe than the average hand sanitizing system.
Ax Virus's Centralized Hand Sanitizer System has various comprehensive features, which help users maintain access to high-quality sanitizing methods.
Here are some of the features business owners can expect when installing our Centralized Hand Sanitizing Solution at their location of choice:
1,000-gallon tank for automatic refills to LCD kiosks
LCD screen features a built-in oximeter
The touch-free interface prevents the spread of germs
Kiosk features AI facial recognition software to monitor medical personnel in hospitals and operating rooms for PPE and mask compliance
The product features a 1080p HD screen
The kiosk takes the precise temperature of the person receiving the hand sanitizer
The system features a content management reporting system for owners to access
People can use the LCD screen to display messages and advertisements, if applicable
The system features a comprehensive alarm system, which alerts nearby people and the owner of high temperatures or non-compliance
The owner can refill the system on-demand via a comprehensive centralized reservoir
The kiosk does not need individualized refills, increasing its effectiveness
These features come together to create an impactful, safe product that will help people stay protected from COVID-19 and other illnesses. Our patented product will be available for immediate usage soon, making it easier than ever for businesses and public spaces to access the sanitization equipment they need.
When Will The Centralized Hand Sanitizing Solution Be Available?
Production has begun on our Hand Sanitizing Solution, meaning that the product should see a full public release soon. Our patent was approved in the May of 2021, which allowed us to move forward with our vision to protect people from the harmful effects of the coronavirus pandemic.
For business owners and clients interested in our Centralized Hand Sanitizing System, Clients can contact us via phone, email, or website. We are available to answer any questions our customers and colleagues may have.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Board to audit Western Forest Products Inc.
VICTORIA – The Forest Practices Board will examine the activities of Western Forest Products Inc. on tree farm licence 39, in the Campbell River Natural Resource District, during the week of July 23, 2018.
Auditors will examine whether harvesting, roads, silviculture, fire protection and associated planning, carried out between July 1, 2017, and July 27, 2018, met the requirements of the Forest and Range Practices Act and the Wildfire Act.
Tree farm licence 39 is made up of four geographical areas called blocks. This audit will examine activities in blocks 2 and 5. Block 2 is located northwest of Campbell River, near the community of Sayward, and Block 5 is located about 65 kilometres north of Campbell River, on the mainland coast.
In the past year, Western Forest Products Inc. has harvested approximately one million cubic metres of timber from Block 2. While there has been no recent harvesting in Block 5, auditors will examine roads and silviculture.
Once the audit work is complete, a report will be prepared, and any party that may be adversely affected by the audit findings will have a chance to respond. The board's final report and recommendations then will be released to the public and government.
The Forest Practices Board is B.C.'s independent watchdog for sound forest and range practices, reporting its findings and recommendations directly to the public and government. The board audits forest and range practices on public land, as well as appropriateness of government enforcement.
250 213-4705 / 1 800 994-5899


The flavor of gourmet popcorn is making even primates go bananas. You guessed it! The new banana flavored popcorn is taking over the snack scene and it tastes delicious in a way that's beyond anyone's wildest imagination. Take a break and enjoy a bag of this gourmet popcorn to enrich your senses because it looks like popcorn and tastes like bananas, the ideal combination for an experience that's out of this world. The intense flavor of banana flavored popcorn is not for the faint of heart so proceed to munch with caution.


Wildenvey.com - Free Crochet Ugg Boot Pattern For Adults. The industry is flooded with differing types of shoes and new types be a part of the catalogue each 12 months. Sneakers are broadly divided into number of categories like Official, Everyday, Social gathering, Journey, Fashion, and Athletics. Each and every classification has further more sub-categories, just about every of which also have an array of shoes to offer.
Connected to Free Crochet Ugg Boot Pattern For Adults, A terrific approach to preserve the prolonged long lasting glance on UGG boots. These care products aid protect the all-natural glance around the boots and so are super easy to utilize. Caring for boots has never been simpler.
Just once your shoes or boots get started receiving relaxed you notice a split about the facet from the sole. Or even a heel begins to separate. It is possible to go ahead and take offender into a cobbler for some 'shoe restoration' to get the only real repaired or the boot heel glued back again or else you can do it on your own in the couple of seconds. You will find a couple of choices. Shoe Goo and an advanced or business grade cyanoacrylate. This is certainly connected to Free Crochet Ugg Boot Pattern For Adults.
Boots are perfect simply because they not merely keep your ft heat however they address several of the legs, also offering best heat. Here is a look at a number of the several styles of boots you can find offered for girls and males, which include ankle boots, knee length boots, Ugg boots and much more.
The Ugg Boot is one of probably the most well known kinds of footwear out there today. Everyone who's not familiar with them should consider slipping a single on! They are remarkably comfortable and luxurious. They offer a great volume of comfort in addition to a amazing fashion too. They're really heat and cozy. Your feet might be in shoe heaven! Let us take a closer appear at what on earth is accessible from the Ugg line and see if we won't locate something that you may get pleasure from!


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Title Global Forest Watch
Creator World Resources Institute
Description Global Forest Watch (GFW) is an initiative of the World Resources Institute. It is an international partnership of non-governmental organizations, private companies, government agencies and research institutions. GFW partners work in regions that are home to many of the world's most important forest ecosystems (North America, South America, Central Africa, Russia/Eastern Europe and Southeast Asia). The GFW network supports better decisions on the management and conservation of these forests by: Developing practical applications of remote sensing and information technologies to map and monitor the condition of priority forests; Providing training and technical assistance to governments, corporations, and non-governmental organizations in the use of these tools; Building bridges among business, government, and civil society institutions to promote collaborative problem solving; Helping to design strategies to successfully incorporate new approaches into decision-making processes.
URL http://www.globalforestwatch.org/
Country INTERNATIONAL, Russian Federation
Keywords forest resources; maps; databases; illegal logging
Type Country data, Databases, Maps, Networks
Published: August 28 2007 | Last updated: August 11 2008


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CEO Statement Q3 2021
Strong growth in the third quarter, followed by a big agreement in 5G synchronization
Strong growth in all regions a sign of strength
Q3 was the strongest in terms of revenue since Q2 2019, and sales in the period of SEK 101 million were up by just over 30% year-on-year and by 13% compared to the same period in 2019. All regions exceeded last year's sales figures, contributing to the increase, alongside increased sales for the Aperi portfolio. Looking back, our customers' investment appetite increased gradually in the first nine months of the year. Q3 2021 was the fourth consecutive quarter of year-on-year growth.
Operating earnings were SEK 12 million due to strong sales in combination with decreased personnel expenses as the third quarter included the holiday period. Revenue was derived from continuous orders from many different customers in the quarter. This is a sign of strength. For example, we received orders from customers that extended existing media networks, but also from customers that won rights to new sporting events.
Positive profit coupled with our systematic approach to reducing capital tied-up, generated positive cash flow in the year. As a result of the current components shortages, there is a risk of a temporary increase in capital tied up in inventories to secure customer deliveries.
Agreement in 5G synchronization totaling SEK 220 million after the end of the reporting period
Net Insight once again demonstrated its ability to commercialize its leading-edge tech expertise. On November 1, we signed an agreement with Turkish telecom operator Türk Telekom relating to 5G synchronization. The agreement is a milestone that opens up a large new market, estimated to have a future value of USD 1 Bn annually.
Components shortages affecting supply chain
The effects of Covid-19 include longer lead times and disruptions to the supply chain. Components shortages are expected to continue in 2022. We are proactively working to secure components, focusing on customer deliveries. Thanks to our systematic approach, we have been successful to date.
New IP functionality attracts customers
Our largest order of Aperi products to date, which was placed in the second quarter, was largely delivered during the third quarter. I am very proud of the successful integration of the Aperi products and this order win. It demonstrates how competitive our broad IP product portfolio is becoming as we transfer IP functionality to our other Nimbra MSR products. New functionality will be delivered continuously over the next year as part of our ongoing investments.
Award-winning Nimbra Edge confirms market-leading cloud solution
I am also proud that our cloud-based Nimbra Edge solution won the category Best Network Delivery Technology in the prestigious CSI Awards. The product has been installed and is operational with customers such as The Switch, which launched its cloud-based on-demand service MIMiC for transmission in August, which runs on Nimbra Edge. Last fall, The Switch supported a virtualized production of 21 Twitter Live programs for the NHL Stanley Cup. This is further evidence that our market-leading platform is reliable and delivers in demanding environments.
Repurchase of shares
As previously communicated, the AGM authorized the Board to repurchase a maximum of 10% of the total number of outstanding shares. The Board meeting on November 8 decided on a repurchase program will amount to at most 16 million shares or SEK 70 million. The repurchase program will commence in on November 11, 2021, and run until the AGM on May 13, 2022.
Net Insight well positioned for the future
We have made significant advances and our marketing has become much more effective. Continuous investment in product development, new functionality and our clear transition towards IP and cloud-based solutions are the foundation for the breadth of our product portfolio. Our extensive experience of remote production and time synchronization is closely aligned with market demand.
Alongside my dedicated colleagues, I'm pleased to conclude a positive quarter. Given the team's strong commitment to our customers and Net Insight, we are taking positive steps in the right direction.
Solna, Sweden, November 9, 2021
Crister Fritzson, CEO


Hello quilters, and welcome to the Designer Mystery Block of the Month Blog Tour! This is our third post and final of the tour. We hope you enjoyed getting a sneak peek at the magical 2014 Designer Mystery Block of the Month star quilt. Today we will be sharing some more STAR stories from our favorite designers and giving away more FQS cash, so keep reading and be sure to hop around!
This year we are all about stars. Star blocks, star designers, and the stars in our lives. We decided to get a little personal and asked each of our 12 designers to name their star block after someone in their life that shines brightly, like a star. Since we can not show you the star blocks, it is a mystery after all, each designer will be sharing a little something about the special star their block is named after.
Hop over to the Bunny Hill Designs, Me & My Sister Designs, Fig Tree Quilts, and Kansas Troubles Quilters blogs today to read all about their star. Afterwards, head back here and comment on this post for a chance to win a $75 Fat Quarter Shop gift certificate! All you have to do is list the three designer block names and tell us who you would dedicate your Designer Mystery Block of the Month quilt to for a chance to win!
The winner will be announced right here next Friday with a little recap of our blog hop. We hope you enjoyed learning about our designer's shining stars!
And now to announce last week's giveaway winner! Blogger Teri Taylor is our lucky winner, receiving a $75 gift certificate to Fat Quarter Shop.
The star in my life is my terminally ill grandson, Charleston, who is 4 years old. We almost lost him this weekend, but he pulled through. But someday he won't. I am going to make this quilt for him, so he can always feel my love around him. Each stitch will have my love in it. I think I'll call it "Prince Charleston." He will always be in my heart.
Joyful Julie, Brilliant Lissa, Honorable Jake.
Be sure to sign up for the 2014 Designer Mystery Block of the Month, as we expect it to fill up fast! Backing Sets and Finishing Kits are very limited, so reserve yours today.


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Interviews Essays Op-Eds Arts Part of the Why America? Series
About Submit
Ludwig Wittgenstein: a Post-Modern Philosopher?
Mexico: A "Failed State"?
The Unimaginative Hysteria of Umair Haque
Mr. President, Please Consider Following John Adams's Example
Desperately Seeking Consistency
Political Interviews – The Latest
H. R. McMaster: How He Sees China, and the World
Don't miss our latest articles and interviews. Sign up with your email address below to receive our newsletter, bi-weekly.
Latest from the Arts
Don't Cancel the Classics—We Need Them More Than Ever
On the Record: Past Interviews
Interview: Vice President Mondale Comments on Today's Democratic Party
Thomas Koenig
Author: Thomas Koenig
By Thomas Koenig
(Official White House Photo by Andrea Hanks)
"In what ways can we further immunize our governing institutions from the political malaise of today and tomorrow?"
What Ails Us?
"The loss of faith in America, its promises, and its constitutional and democratic ideals augurs not only American decline, but American collapse."
Kevin Williamson: How to Improve the Lot of Those Left Behind
Image via POLITICO
"And he wrote this very famous novel called Infinite Jest, which he described as a very sad book about the pursuit of happiness. And so, I think in some ways, I've written a very sad book about the pursuit of happiness as well."
Thomas Ricks: Politics, as Seen from Aristotle to Trump
(Robert Strauss Center for International Security and Law)
"And so I remembered from college: When you're facing a problem that seems deeply puzzling, go back to fundamentals, go to first principles. So I took Aristotle's Politics off my shelf, my old college copy, and reread it in the context of the election of Donald Trump."
The Historic Unifying Potential of the U.S. Constitution
"Professor McConnell's extensive study of the substance and scope of presidential power under the Constitution has convinced me that the unifying capacity of the Constitution could perhaps be revived."
Image via International Business Times
"And so I think we have to resist the tendency to try to define a new administration's foreign policy mainly as an opposition to the administration that came before it."
Walter Lippmann and the Dilemma of Democracy
December 29, 2020 January 10, 2021 0
"In his 1922 book, Public Opinion, Lippmann notes that in a representative democracy, members of the public are expected to form opinions regarding public affairs with which they have no direct contact."
Kristof and WuDunn's "Tightrope": an Essential Book
(Games for Change/Creative Commons)
"Whether one agrees with none, some, or all of their policy prescriptions, Tightrope approaches the status of a must-read."
Blowing Up "The Big White Ghetto"
"Williamson puts his finger on a certain, pervasive resignation that hobbles so many lower-class Americans—a resignation that must be explicitly attacked if our nation is to live up to its promises…"
Can a Constitution of Genius Work for a Nation of Imbeciles?
December 10, 2020 December 8, 2020 0
(Alessandro Vulcano)
"Ricks writes: 'In a nutshell, Washington was sensing the limits of virtue as a driver of the new country. He is not often seen as a political philosopher, but in his own quiet way he was ahead of most of his peers.'"
Review: H.R. McMaster's "Battlegrounds"
(Mandel Ngan/AFP/Getty Images)
"As citizens, though, thankfully we can do more than just hope. We can engage in the sort of good-faith, learned analysis which General McMaster has provided us in Battlegrounds."
The Center Must Hold
"Having engaged with Schlesinger's thinking, readers should ask themselves: Here in the 21st century, what are the greatest threats to the liberal democratic project at home and abroad?"
Review: Carlos Lozada's "What Were We Thinking"
"Lozada's book provides a comprehensive, incisive analysis of the intellectual debates that defined the Trump-era. As we plunge forward into a post-Trump presidency politics, it is a must read."
Review: Ted Cruz's "One Vote Away"
(Graeme Jennings/Associated Press)
"One Vote Away serves as a useful primer on some of the great constitutional issues of our day, while also proving that legal judgment and political judgment are separate matters."
Meritocratic Tyranny: Big, If True
"But Sandel's critique of meritocracy runs deeper than lamenting the obvious gap between meritocratic ideals and reality; Sandel takes issue with the ideal of meritocracy itself."
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Die Liste der Biografien führt alle Personen auf, die in der deutschsprachigen Wikipedia einen Artikel haben. Dieses ist eine Teilliste mit 2 Einträgen von Personen, deren Namen mit den Buchstaben "Frav" beginnt.

Frav

Fravi
 Fravitas († 489), Patriarch von Konstantinopel
 Fravitta, spätantiker römischer Heermeister (magister militum)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Disclosure of Evidence: the Attorney-General's review
In November 2018, the Attorney General published the results of his review into the practice and procedures of police and prosecutors relating to the disclosure of evidence held by prosecutors to the defence, where such evidence might undermine or weaken the prosecution's case.
The importance of ensuring that such disclosure takes place is accepted by all those responsible for criminal justice policy to be at the heard of a fair judicial process.
The Attorney-General's review found, in common with earlier official reports, that the duty to record, retain and review material collected during the course of the investigation was not routinely complied with by police and prosecutors.
The Review makes clear that disclosure obligations begin at the start of an investigation. Investigators have a duty to conduct a thorough investigation, manage all material appropriately and follow all reasonable lines of inquiry, whether they point towards or away from any suspect. The Review found that this was not happening routinely in all cases. At the least this caused costly delays for the justice system and at worst it meant that cases were being pursued which the evidence did not support. The impact of these failings caused untold damage to those making allegations and those accused of them.
The Review concluded that "to enable lasting change, there must be a 'zero tolerance' culture for disclosure failings across the police and the Crown Prosecution Service (CPS)".
Of course, this is easier said than done. Hard pressed police and prosecutors may well be tempted to take short cuts. In order to counter these temptations, the Government has taken a number of steps.
1. It has welcomed the steps already taken by the police and CPS to address the issues through the National Disclosure Improvement Plan and will work with each to ensure they lead to long-term, effective and sustained change. HM Government intend, through the Attorney General and Home Secretary, to hold police and prosecution leaders personally responsible for this.
2. As the Review found that non-disclosure is a system-wide problem which needs a systematic response, the Criminal Justice Board, which the Attorney General sits on, will take responsibility for strategic oversight of the collective response from all parts of the system – from police, to prosecutors to the judiciary.
3. The Review found that police and other investigators could be better supported by technological advancements when reviewing and capturing digital evidence. To address this, the Government plans to convene a 'Tech Summit' in spring 2019 to help all 43 police forces in England and Wales handle the increasing volumes and complexity of this type of evidence. This will build on the work of the police and help to engineer a way forward with the help of private tech companies. Through the Police Transformation Fund, the Government is already investing in national work to support policing in its wider digital transformation.
4. While the underpinning legislation thought to be still fit for purpose, the Government has concluded that the guidelines which support it need to be updated to meet the challenges of the rise of modern technology. This will happen through secondary legislation.
5. Finally, the work already started by the CPS to improve its data collection to capture the extent of the disclosure problems is essential. The Government will oversee the CPS's delivery of a new data collection regime which is fit for purpose.
Whether or not all these initiatives will have the desired effect remains to be seen. But there is no doubt that at present practice and procedure on the ground has the potential to undermine the integrity of the criminal trial process.
Adapted from https://www.gov.uk/government/news/creating-a-zero-tolerance-culture-for-disclosure-failings-across-the-criminal-justice-system.
The full text of the review is at https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/review-of-the-efficiency-and-effectiveness-of-disclosure-in-the-criminal-justice-system.
The Justice Select Committee's report on this issue, published in July 2018, is at https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201719/cmselect/cmjust/859/85902.htm
Tagged with attorney-general, criminal justice, criminal procedure, disclosure of evidence
« Standards of Criminal Advocacy: reports from the Solicitors Regulation Authority and the Bar Standards Board
Transforming Criminal Justice: progress reports »


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Beijing Executes 2 In Tainted Milk Scandal
China executed two people Tuesday for their part in a scheme to water down infant formula with an industrial chemical that left at least 6 children dead and sickened over 300,000.
Christopher Bodeen, Associated Press Writer
BEIJING (AP) -- China executed a dairy farmer and a milk salesman Tuesday for their roles in the sale of contaminated baby formula -- severe punishments that Beijing hopes will assuage public anger, reassure importers and put to rest one of the country's worst food safety crises.
The men were the only people put to death in a scheme to boost profits by lacing milk powder with the industrial chemical melamine; another 19 were convicted and received lesser sentences. At least six children died after drinking the adulterated formula, and more than 300,000 were sickened.
Beijing is eager to prove it has responded swiftly and comprehensively to eliminate problems in its food production chain that have spawned protests at home and threatened its export-reliant economy. The milk powder contamination struck a nerve with the public because so many children were affected, but was only one in a series of product recalls and other embarrassing disclosures of lax public health safeguards.
Melamine, which is used in the manufacture of plastics and fertilizers, has also been found added to pet food, eggs and fish feed, although not in levels considered dangerous to humans. The chemical, which like protein is high in nitrogen, fooled inspectors. It can cause kidney stones and kidney failure.
China has since tightened regulations and increased inspections on producers and exporters in cooperation with U.S. officials, who have noted a drop in the number of product recalls on Chinese exports.
But Beijing continues to struggle to regulate countless small and illegally run operations, often blamed for introducing chemicals and additives into the food chain. The country has 450,000 registered food production and processing enterprises, but many -- about 350,000 -- employ just 10 people or fewer. The U.N. said in a report last year that the small enterprises present many of China's greatest food safety challenges.
Zhang Yujun, the farmer, was executed for endangering public safety, and Geng Jinping for producing and selling toxic food, according to the official Xinhua News Agency.
Much of the phony protein powder that Zhang and Geng produced and sold ended up at the now-defunct Sanlu Group Co., at the time one of China's biggest dairies.
Xinhua said an announcement of the execution had been issued by the Shijiazhuang Municipal Intermediate People's Court, although a court clerk who answered the phone Tuesday said he was unable to confirm the sentences had been carried out. Most executions in China are performed by firing squad.
Of the others tried and sentenced in January in connection with the scandal, Sanlu's general manager, Tian Wenhua, was given a life sentence after pleading guilty to charges of producing and selling fake or substandard products.
Three other former Sanlu executives were given between five years and 15 years in prison.
Outrage spread quickly after news of the doctored milk broke in September of last year, both because of the extent of the contamination and allegations that the government prevented the news from breaking until after the Olympic Games in Beijing ended.
The cover-up accusations were never publicly investigated, and authorities have since harassed and detained activist parents pushing lawsuits demanding higher compensation and the punishment of government officials. Families were offered a one-time payout -- ranging from of 2,000 yuan ($293) to 200,000 yuan ($29,000), depending on the severity of the case -- in exchange for not pursuing lawsuits.
Tuesday's executions brought some comfort to Li Xinquan, who lost one of her 8-month-old twin daughters who was fed with melamine-tainted formula from Sanlu. Li has waged a so-far futile campaign to force authorities to admit negligence and provide fair compensation.
"They deserved it. This is the punishment they have received from the government," said Li, whose other daughter survived because she was breast fed.
Another parent, Wang Zhenping, also voiced satisfaction with the executions, reflecting strong support for the death penalty in China, which executes more people annually than the rest of the world combined.
Wang, who said his 2-year-old son appeared to have recovered from the melamine poisoning, had rejected the compensation offer and said he was now growing weary of the struggle.
"I feel like it doesn't really matter now," he said.
U.S. Consumer Products Safety Commission Chairman Inez Tenenbaum said last month that Beijing has made progress in increasing safety in products.
The numbers of consumer recalls of toys imported from China had fallen from more than 80 in fiscal 2008 to about 40 in fiscal 2009, Tenenbaum said.
"Chinese suppliers and U.S. importers are now on notice from both governments that it is a mistake to depend on good intentions and a few final inspections to ensure compliance with safety requirements," she told a conference in Beijing.
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The Top 10 Supply Chain Disruptions
It's still a hot topic.


text:
Loop 101 widening project in the north Valley is finished
The final major components of the Loop 101 Improvement Project in the north Phoenix area are now done. The $185 million project added a fourth lane in each direction for a 13-mile stretch.
ADOT looks to complete 1st portion of I-10 Broadway Curve project by the end of 2022
The state transportation department's I-10 Broadway Curve Improvement Project is slated to finish in 2024 — except for a portion that's expected to be finished by the end of this year.
→ More transportation news
Leaders say 'Only Sonora' program for tourists could be adopted in other states
Sonoran officials say they want to expand a special transit zone that allows tourists to more easily bring their cars into the state.
Arizona airports get millions more in federal relief funds
As part of the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021, almost 60 Arizona airports will get money to support operations, personnel, sanitation and COVID-19 prevention.
Nearly 200 flights canceled at Sky Harbor Airport on Monday
Phoenix Sky Harbor Airport is seeing 175 flight cancellations and more than 70 are delayed Monday. Of those flights, the majority have been split between American and Southwest Airlines.
Portions of I-10 in Buckeye will be reduced to 1 lane on weekends
The Arizona Department of Transportation will be reducing traffic on parts of the I-10 in Buckeye as it works to expand the highway from two lanes to three.
ADOT warns of slick roads, dangerous driving conditions after snow
While the Phoenix area is expecting rainfall in the coming days, northern Arizona residents should expect some snowfall, which means the Arizona Department of Transportation is warning drivers of dangerous conditions.
Arizona police step up enforcement on the route to Las Vegas
The Yavapai County Sheriff's Office is directing its deputies to increase patrols on U.S. Route 93 near the community of Congress, and DPS in recent months has conducted special enforcement details.
Highway fatalities continue to be high despite reduced pandemic traffic
Traffic has been lower due to the pandemic, but deaths on highways continue to rise yearly. According to Office of Highway Safety Director Alberto Gutier, there have been more than 1,070 deaths this year alone.
Phoenix-based electric vehicle startup Nikola settles with U.S. for $125 million
Electric and hydrogen-powered truck startup Nikola has agreed to a $125 million settlement over charges that it defrauded investors after misleading them about its products, technical advances, and financial prospects.
Phoenix to consider revising streets policy to recoup costs from developers
Phoenix could change a key development ordinance to align more closely with state statutes. The goal is to allow more flexibility and opportunity for the city to recoup expenses.
Tucson City Council approves $13 billion long-term transportation plan
The Tucson City Council has approved a 20-year spending plan to fix and improve the city's roadways.
ADOT won't close any Arizona highways between Christmas and New Year's
The Arizona Department of Transportation is upholding a longstanding tradition of no full highway closures during the week of Christmas. ADOT spokesperson Doug Nintzel says the department wants to help people get to their holiday destinations.
Supply chain issues with highway art hold up new Loop 202 interchange in Gilbert
A new interchange on the Loop 202 in Gilbert was expected to be completed next spring. But supply chain issues are making it difficult for the contractor to get one specific product needed to complete the project.
Ride-shares, vans and public transit could be the new school buses
Schools across Arizona and around the country are trying to figure out better ways to get students to school.
Sky Harbor Airport passenger numbers are nearing pre-pandemic levels
Sky Harbor International Airport has released its October passenger statistics and it is finally nearing pre-pandemic travel numbers.
Gosar touts grant money for Kingman airport paid for by Democrats' bill
The Kingman Municipal Airport won a $32,000 federal grant to help pay to keep the facility COVID-19-free. Republican Rep. Paul Gosar sent out a news release saying he's pleased to announce the awarding of the grant paid for by a bill passed by Democrats.
Autonomous trucks are close to making deliveries, but truck drivers aren't going away
Many of us have seen autonomous vehicles on Valley roads over the past few years, as companies have been using Arizona as a testing ground for the new technology. But driverless trucks have also been taking part in pilot programs on highways here.
Arizona Sen. Michelle Ugenti-Rita proposes law to change vehicle license tax
State Sen. Michelle Ugenti-Rita has proposed a law that would base license taxes on the purchase price of a vehicle. That is a departure from the current way things are done, which bases them on the MSRP.
Stanton urges Amtrak to deliver passenger service between Phoenix and Tucson
At a congressional hearing, Arizona Rep. Greg Stanton pressed the president of Amtrak on the company's commitment to bringing passenger rail between Phoenix and Tucson.


Jacob Austin Dean, a sophomore from Red Bluff, was among the 635 students named to the Gonzaga University dean's list for the 2006 fall semester. Students must earn a 3.5 to 3.69 grade-point average to be listed.
Gonzaga is one of 28 Jesuit colleges and universities in the United States. There are approximately 6,700 students enrolled. There are seven undergraduate degrees in 43 majors, 26 master programs, a doctorate program in leadership studies and a juris doctorate offered through the school of law.


Bailey is a great-looking female Golden, who is eager to please and very birdy. She is extremely social and intelligent. An excellent hunting companion, she spent the fall retrieving hundreds of birds; in addition, she does well in hunt tests and is a Master Hunter. She enjoys hunting, both waterfowl and upland. Also, her offspring are doing so well that she has earned her Outstanding Dam title.
Master Hunt test passes--Summer 2013 and 2014; Only needs one more to be a Master Hunter.
Earned Senior Hunter title at 2012 GRCA National Specialty in Weldon Springs, MO.
Junior Hunt Test Title before 1 year old.
Various placements at informal trials.


text:
Hardback 2019
Audio CD 2019
The Racehorse Who Learned to Dance
Clare Balding
Tony Ross (Illustrator)
Charlie's racehorse has certainly earned the name Noble Warrior: he won the Derby against all odds and bested a bunch of nasty kidnappers. But now Noddy is facing his greatest challenge yet . . .
Charlie's best friend Polly is still recovering from an accident that left her almost paralysed. But Polly has a real talent with horses - and she and Charlie are determined not to let it go to waste. Can the two best friends find a way to make Polly's equestrian dreams come true, and forge a new path for the racehorse who wouldn't gallop?
A heart-warming story with a great girl-power message
Jacqueline Wilson on The Racehorse Who Wouldn't Gallop
The Racehorse Who Disappeared
The Girl Who Thought She Was a Dog: World Book Day 2018
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Sport And The British
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When she was young, Clare Balding thought she was a dog. Disappointed to discover she was only human, she did her best to spend every waking hour with dogs and ponies. She could ride before she could walk and, growing up surrounded by racehorses trained by her father, she dreamt of winning the Grand National or riding for Great Britain at the Olympics. Those dreams never came true but the consolation prize hasn't been bad. As a television and radio presenter, Clare has worked at six Olympic Games, the highlight being London 2012, as well as the Winter Olympics, Paralympics, Commonwealth Games, the Grand National, Royal Ascot, Wimbledon and the Ryder Cup. Clare lives in London with her wife, Alice, their dog Archie and their cat, Button.
Tony Ross was born in Wandsworth, but moved during the war to Cheshire. He ended up at the Liverpool Regional College of Art after despairing of working with his first love - horses. He went into teaching after a bad day in an advertising agency, where he was art director, and at first taught in all sorts of areas - design, advertising, typography. At that time he was drawing cartoons in magazines like Punch. He has written and illustrated many popular books for children including Foxy Fables, I'm Coming to Get You and Naughty Nigel, all published in Puffin. He lives in Cheshire with his wife and daughter.
The Racehorse Who Learned To Dance by Clare Balding
The Folly Farm family are back in the latest book from Clare Balding, The Racehorse Who Learned To Dance. Read on for the first chapter!
What is your racehorse name?
Do you wish you had a racehorse like Noble Warrior from The Racehorse Who Wouldn't Gallop? Now you can pick your own racehorse name by following these fun instructions!
Clare Balding joins Richard E. Grant to talk about her first children's book The Racehorse Who Wouldn't Gallop


text:
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Baltimore ( BAWL-tim-or, locally: BAWL-mər; colloquially known simply as B'more) is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Maryland, as well as the 30th most populous city in the United States, with a population of 585,708 in 2020. Baltimore was designated an independent city by the Constitution of Maryland in 1851, and today is the largest independent city in the United States. As of 2017, the population of the Baltimore metropolitan area was estimated to be just under 2.802 million, making it the 21st largest metropolitan area in the country. Baltimore is located about 40 miles (64 km) northeast of Washington, D.C., making it a principal city in the Washington–Baltimore combined statistical area (CSA), the third-largest CSA in the nation, with a calculated 2018 population of 9,797,063.Prior to European colonization, the Baltimore region was used as hunting grounds by the Susquehannock Native Americans, who were primarily settled further north than where the city was later built. Colonists from the Province of Maryland established the Port of Baltimore in 1706 to support the tobacco trade with Europe, and established the Town of Baltimore in 1729.
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text:
(15) St. Peter's Upsets (7) Murray State In Cinderella Victory, 70-60, For The Peacocks – OutKick
Saturday wasn't in need of Cinderella wins.
Persevering with the saga of underdog wins have been the Fifteenth-ranked St. Peter's Peacocks, defeating the seventh-seeded Murray State Racers, 70-60, and advancing to their first Candy 16 look in crew historical past.
Seeding was out of date within the matchup because the Peacocks held a commanding lead all through. Heading into the half up 32-27, the Peacocks outworked Murray on the boards, within the paint and on the sidelines.
(15) St. Peter's Upsets (7) Murray State In Cinderella Victory, 70-60, For The Peacocks – OutKick
St. Peter's coach Shaheen Holloway ensured that his crew's momentum resumed popping out of Thursday's upset win over the Tenth-seeded San Francisco squad, arguably the most important victory popping out of the primary spherical.
"That's what we do all 12 months. Y'all hear me?" stated the coach. "That is what we do all 12 months. That is who this crew is. It is a defensive crew."
He added, "For this reason we got here into this match with a seven-game successful streak as a result of these guys perceive that taking part in protection wins championships. Taking part in protection wins championships. And these guys purchased in, and the remainder is historical past."
The 6-foot-7 KC Ndefo elevated St. Peter's with a double-double (17 factors, 10 rebounds). Ndefo produced a highlight-worthy block towards Murray State's KJ Williams within the second half.
Murray State guard Justice Hill was a spark on offense when St. Peter's restricted the crew's presence in the important thing.
Stepping up for the Peacocks was reserve guard Doug Edert, who scored 13 off the bench.
"I might say it comes from repetitions," stated Edert within the postgame interview. "I at all times do my greatest to get as many photographs as I can. I don't
take into consideration something once I'm within the sport. I simply let it occur.
Hill knocked down 5 of his 9 three-point makes an attempt and led Murray State with 19 factors. He additionally added 4 assists and two blocks.
4 of Murray State's starters scored in double digits. The offense spewed fumes from their bench because the Racers' restricted depth mixed for 1-of-5 capturing and three whole factors.
Free throws have been an added bane from the Racers' outing: capturing 64 p.c in comparison with St. Peter's 74.2 p.c from the road.
The Peacocks will face off towards the victor from Sunday's Purdue (3) versus Texas (6) matchup.
What a particular second for Saint Peter's head coach Shaheen Holloway—embracing along with his household after main @PeacocksMBB to the Candy 16 for the primary time in program historical past. pic.twitter.com/2dQhbOd6nl
— Taylor Tannebaum (@TaylorTannebaum) March 20, 2022
Observe alongside on Twitter: @AlejandroAveela
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Categories Celebs Tags Cinderella, Murray, OutKick, Peacocks, Peters, State, upsets, victory
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text:
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}

Batteries in the electrical grid aren't just used as energy storage device, but also for providing many useful functions such as improving overall system efficiency and reducing greenhouse gas emissions \cite{Jewell2012}. They can be integrated with the renewable energy generators such as Photovoltaic (PV) and wind generators \cite{Zou2012}. When integrated with wind generators, they can help reduce the intermittency issue associated with wind availability from day to day \cite{Such2012,Grillo2012}. The integration of battery and renewable energy generators into the grid can take place both at the transmission or distribution level. Such integrations throughout a distribution circuit can pose a serious problem of injecting real power to the system that causes higher fluctuation in the voltage when the PV penetration level gets high enough. Advanced volt-ampere reactive (VAR) power control can be used to provide reactive power support, reduce power loss, and control the voltage levels through the distribution lines.

Capacitor banks placed in optimal location have been historically known to maintain  desired level of VAR draw from the substation circuit. However, both capacitors and under load tap changers (ULTCs) are not fast enough to compensate for transient events like clouds passing over the cells \cite{Farivar2011}. On the other hand, DC/AC inverters that connect PV or batteries to the grid however can serve as additional controllers because they can pull or push reactive power at a much faster timescale and with a much finer resolution than current technologies such as shunt capacitors and ULTCs \cite{Farivar2011}. Farivar et al. \cite{Farivar2011} propose a hybrid scheme without integrated energy storage for controlling both the inverters and shunt capacitors by imposing two different time scales. Turitsyn et al. have proposed a number of schemes focused on inverter power control without integrated energy storage \cite{Turitsyn2010a,Turitsyn2010b}. They first studied the problem of minimizing power losses \cite{Turitsyn2010a} and then examined a multi-objective optimization problem aimed at minimizing both power losses and the maximum voltage change along the circuit \cite{Turitsyn2010b}. DC/AC inverters are not the only factor that's currently being utilized for voltage regulation. Batteries, when integrated with renewable energy generators, have been shown to also mitigate the voltage variation on the grid. The work in \cite{Shao2013} studied the effect of distributed energy storage in distribution involving Plug-in Electric Vehicle (PEV). They showed that the use of energy storage could smooth demand fluctuations and mitigate feeder voltage fluctuation \cite{Shao2013}. Barnes et al. \cite{Barnes2012} also focused their work on the usage of energy storage coordinated with PV inverters for peak shaving and voltage regulation on a distribution system having a high level of PV penetration. In a distribution with very high level of PV penetration, the choice of battery and PV placement is much limited. Moreover, high level of PV penetration is currently not very realistic due to the relatively high cost for installing PV system with energy storage device. Hence, we need to also consider cases of low or medium PV penetration levels where placement of battery and PV system may make a difference in terms of energy savings and voltage variations. We then extend our work in \cite{Yeh2012}, in which we  presented two dynamic control algorithms with integrated battery for reactive power control in a single line radial distribution system with two different battery placements: 1) the front battery placement where all PV-enabled nodes with battery are placed at the front of the distribution, and 2) the rear battery placement where all PV-enabled nodes with battery are placed at the rear of the distribution. Note that the substation is located at the beginning of the distribution line and is considered as the front end of the distribution line. The purpose of this paper is to compare the results of two different battery placements and examine their effect on VAR control for low, medium, and high levels of PV penetration. Our approach is to solve the optimization aimed at minimizing the total power losses over a day by using both local control and global VAR control algorithms.

This paper is organized as follows. The next section describes the problem setting and provides the relevant power flow equations for a radial distribution circuit in our previous work \cite{Yeh2012}. Following that, both global and local control algorithms are presented. Then, some example test cases are described and the corresponding simulation results are discussed. Finally, conclusion and future work are presented.

\section{Problem Setup}
\label{sec:problemSetup}

As in \cite{Yeh2012} and \cite{Yeh2012b} , a unidirectional single branch radial distribution circuit is depicted in Figure \ref{fig:radial_diagram}. Node $0$ is located at the front-end (i.e. substation) and node $n$ is located at the rear-end. For simplicity, the discrete time variable $t$ is not shown in Figure \ref{fig:radial_diagram}, but shown in the remaining of the paper. Note that the time $t$ is a discrete time index in our model. It can be based on hours for one day. For example, if the time increment is one hour, then $t$ starts at 1 and ends at $T=24$. Or, it can also be based on faster time scales such as minutes for one day. For example, if the time increment $\Delta{t}$ is twenty-minute, i.e., $t$ starts at 1 and ends at $T=72$ (at the end of 24 hour).

\begin{figure}[thpb]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth,clip]{RadialDiagram.pdf}
\caption{Schematic diagram of a unidirectional single branch radial distribution circuit with $n+1$ nodes. For simplicity, the time variable $t$ is not shown.}
\label{fig:radial_diagram}
\end{figure}

For a unidirectional single branch radial distribution circuit, the power flows along the line from left to right. The symbols $P_{j}(t)$ and $Q_{j}(t)$ respectively represent the real and reactive power at each bus $j$ and at time $t$, where as the lowercase letters represents the net local node's real and reactive powers $p_{j}(t) = p^{c}_{j}(t) - p^{g}_{j}(t)$ and  $q_{j}(t) = q^{c}_{j}(t) - q^{g}_{j}(t)$, where $p^{c}_{j}(t)$ and $q^{c}_{j}(t)$ respectively denote the real and reactive power consumption at node $j$ and at time $t$; $p^{g}_{j}(t)$ and $q^{g}_{j}(t)$ represent the real and reactive power generated by the PV cells at node $j$ and at time $t$. The complex impedance in the line between nodes $j$ and $j+1$ (not shown) is denoted $r_j+\mathbf{i}x_j$.

The complex power flows at each node $j$ are described through the DistFlow equations from \cite{Baran1989c} for $j$ = $0,...,n-1$

\begin{equation}
\label{eqn:DistFlow01}
{P_{j + 1}(t)}={P_{j}(t)} - {r_j}\frac{{P_j^{2}(t) + Q_j^{2}(t)}}{{V_j^{2}(t)}} - p_{j + 1}^{c}(t) + p_{j + 1}^{g}(t) - \beta_j(t)
\end{equation}

\begin{equation}
\label{eqn:DistFlow02}
{Q_{j + 1}(t)} = {Q_{j}(t)} -x_j\frac{{P_j^{2}(t) + Q_j^{2}(t)}}{{V_j^{2}(t)}} - q_{j + 1}^{c}(t) + q_{j + 1}^{g}(t) - \eta_j(t)
\end{equation}

\begin{IEEEeqnarray}{rCl}
{V^2_{j + 1}(t)} & = & {V_{j}^{2}(t)} -2(r_j P_{j}(t)+x_j Q_{j}(t)) \nonumber\\
&& +(r_j^2+x_j^2)\frac{{P_j^{2}(t) + Q_j^{2}(t)}}{{V_j^{2}(t)}}
\label{eqn:DistFlow03}
\end{IEEEeqnarray}

\noindent
where $V_j(t)$ is the voltage at node $j$, at time $t$, $P_j(t)+\mathbf{i}Q_j(t)$ is the complex power flowing from node $j$ to node $j+1$ (i.e. from left to right in Figure \ref{fig:radial_diagram}), $p_j(t)+\mathbf{i}q_j(t) = (p_j^{c}(t) - p_j^{g}(t))  +\mathbf{i}(q_j^{c}(t)-q_j^{g}(t))$ is the complex power consumed at node $j$ and at time $t$, $\beta_j(t)$ denotes the rate of charge/discharge of real energy at time $t$, and $\eta_j(t)$ denotes the rate of charge/discharge of reactive energy at time $t$. For simplicity, $\eta_j(t)=0$. In general, the charging/discharging rate is restrained by the battery temperature rise and generated gas. However, for simplicity,  the charging/discharging rate (i.e., $\beta_j(t)$) is unrestricted and acts as one of the control variables in this paper. Each node's real and reactive power consumption $(p^c_j(t),q^c_j(t))$ and real power generation $p^g_j(t)$ are generally assumed to be known. Another control variable is the reactive power generation $q^g_j(t)$ (i.e., the reactive power supplied by the PV inverter). The control $q^g_j(t)$ can only be applied at the nodes with PV generation because there is no net power injection at the other nodes, i.e., at all non-PV nodes $p^g_j(t)$ and $q^g_j(t)$ are zero. The amount of real energy storage (battery) at node $j$ and time $t$ follows the simple difference equation

\begin{equation}
\label{eqn:batteryEq}
b_j(t+1) = b_j(t) + \beta_j(t) \Delta{t},
\end{equation}

\noindent
for $t$ = $1,...,T-1$ with initial condition $b_j(1)=0$.

At each bus $j$, the amount $b_j(t)$ of energy storage and the rate $\beta_j(t)$ of charging/discharging the battery per $\Delta{t}$ (unit timescale of 20 min) are computed in \eqref{eqn:batteryEq} and $b_j(t)$ is bounded as

\begin{equation}
\label{eqn:batteryBounds}
0 \le b_j(t) \le  B_j^{max},
\end{equation}

\noindent
for $t$ = $1,...,T$, where $B_j^{max}$ is the maximum size of the battery that can be used as energy storage device in conjunction with DC/AC inverters.

As previously discussed, control of the reactive power input at each node $q^g_j(t)$ can be efficiently accomplished using the local inverter of the PV generator. This work adopts the inverter model described in \cite{Turitsyn2010a} and \cite{Liu2008}. The inverter's ability to generate reactive power is constrained by its apparent power capability defined as $s_j(t) = |p^g_j(t)+\mathbf{i}q^g_j(t)|$ and its instantaneous real power generation $p^g_j(t)$ through the relationship

\begin{equation}
\label{eqn:reactivePowerEq}
\lvert q^g_j(t) \rvert \le \sqrt{s^2_j(t) - (p^g_j(t))^2} \equiv (q^g_j(t))^{max}
\end{equation}

Given such a control input, the assumptions stated above, and either initial conditions (i.e., $j=0$) or terminal constraints (i.e., $j=n$) for the powers and the voltage; the DistFlow equations \eqref{eqn:DistFlow01}-\eqref{eqn:DistFlow03}  allow the computation of the power and voltage ($P_j(t),Q_j(t)$, and $V_j(t)$) at each node along the circuit. For our analysis, we have  $V_{0}(t)=1$ at  $j=0$ and $P_{n}(t)=Q_{n}(t)=0$ at $j=n$.

A natural control goal for distribution systems is to minimize or keep the power (rate of energy) loss along the circuit within an acceptable range. The total losses over a day along the entire distribution branch are given by

\begin{equation}
\label{eqn:opEq}
\mathcal{L} =  \mathop{\min} \sum\limits_{t = 1}^{T} \sum\limits_{j = 0}^{n-1} {r_j}\frac{{P_j^{2}(t) + Q_j^{2}(t)}}{{V_j^{2}(t)}}.
\end{equation}

We will assume that the state of the distribution network (the voltage, real and reactive power at each bus), and the input to the network (real and reactive power generated or consumed at each bus) remain unchanged within each time increment and may change only from $t$ to $t+1$ in a discrete manner when measured data are updated via sensors. The inverter control will be applied for each $t$ to match PV output fluctuations and the batteries will be served as a buffer in between PV cells and inverter; and the voltage will be adjusted for each discrete time to match load fluctuations. Another important consideration for proper operation of a distribution circuit is that the per unit voltage variation along the line remain within the bounds

\begin{equation}
\label{eqn:voltage_bounds}
1- \varepsilon \leq V_j(t) \leq 1+\varepsilon,
\end{equation}

Prior to introducing the final problem formulation, we discuss two simplifying assumptions. First, linearized power flow equations have been extensively used in the literature \cite{Turitsyn2010a,Turitsyn2010b,Baran1989c,Gilbert1998}. Their use was justified by Baran and Wu \cite{Baran1989c} based on the fact that the nonlinear terms represent the losses which in practice should be much smaller than the branch power terms $P_j(t)$ and $Q_j(t)$. Turitsyn et al. \cite{Turitsyn2010a} verified this assumption by showing that the nonlinear terms in \eqref{eqn:DistFlow01} are much smaller than the linear terms as well as a insignificant changes in the results for the linear versus nonlinear equations. Second, we also assume that $V_j(t) \approx V_0(t)$. The voltage approximation will be valid as long as the constraint \eqref{eqn:voltage_bounds} is met with a sufficiently small $\varepsilon$. Combining these two simplifications gives

\begin{equation}
\label{eqn:simpDistFlow01}
{P_{j + 1}(t)}={P_{j}(t)} - p_{j + 1}^{c}(t) + p_{j + 1}^{g}(t) - \beta_j(t)
\end{equation}

\begin{equation}
\label{eqn:simpDistFlow02}
{Q_{j + 1}(t)} = {Q_{j}(t)} - q_{j + 1}^{c}(t) + q_{j + 1}^{g}(t)
\end{equation}

\begin{equation}
\label{eqn:simpDistFlow03}
{V_{j + 1}(t)} = {V_{j}(t)} - \frac{r_j{P_j(t) + x_jQ_j(t)}}{{V_0}}
\end{equation}

\noindent
along with a simplified expression for the total losses

\begin{equation}
\label{eqn:simpOpEq}
\mathcal{L} =  \mathop{\min} \sum\limits_{t = 1}^{T} \sum\limits_{j = 0}^{n-1} {r_j}\frac{{P_j^{2}(t) + Q_j^{2}(t)}}{{V_0^{2}}}.
\end{equation}

We refer  \eqref{eqn:simpDistFlow01}-\eqref{eqn:simpOpEq} as the simplified DistFlow branch equations. Given this expression, the system equations \eqref{eqn:simpDistFlow01}-\eqref{eqn:simpOpEq} and constraints described above, the problem of minimizing losses can be cast as an optimization problem

\begin{equation}
\label{eqn:optimization}
\mathop{\min}\limits_{P,Q,V,\beta,q^g} \mathcal{L}
\end{equation}

\noindent
subject to \eqref{eqn:batteryEq}, \eqref{eqn:batteryBounds}, \eqref{eqn:reactivePowerEq}, \eqref{eqn:voltage_bounds}, and \eqref{eqn:simpDistFlow01}-\eqref{eqn:simpDistFlow03}. We refer to this as the loss minimization problem. Loss minimization is often the only problem considered, however, reducing voltage variation along the circuit is also desirable.

\section{Control Algorithms}
\label{sec:cntrl}

The local control scheme is given as follows: the controller uses the optimal solution of the total loss minimization problem \eqref{eqn:simpOpEq} with the following local control constraint

\begin{equation}
\label{eqn:localControl}
q_j^g(t) := \left\{ \begin{array}{lr}
q_j^c(t),&{\rm{if}}\left| {q_j^c(t)} \right| \le (q_j^g(t))^{max} \\
{{\rm sgn} (q_j^c(t))(q_j^g(t))^{max}} ,&{\rm{ otherwise}},
\end{array} \right.\end{equation}

\noindent
which is based on the controller described in \cite{Turitsyn2010b} and leads minimization of the objective function \eqref{eqn:optimization} subject to  \eqref{eqn:batteryEq}, \eqref{eqn:batteryBounds}, \eqref{eqn:voltage_bounds}, \eqref{eqn:simpDistFlow01}-\eqref{eqn:simpDistFlow03}, and \eqref{eqn:localControl}. Note that the local control law employs two parameters $q_j^c(t),(q_j^g(t))^{max}$ or one measurement $q_j^c(t)$ to determine $q_j^g(t)$. In general, more measurement means high communication requirements.

The global control scheme uses the optimal solution of the total loss minimization problem \eqref{eqn:simpOpEq} with the control law that determines $q_j^g(t)$ from constraint \eqref{eqn:reactivePowerEq}, which is based on the inverter model described in \cite{Turitsyn2010a} and \cite{Liu2008}, and leads minimization of the objective function \eqref{eqn:optimization} subject to \eqref{eqn:batteryEq}, \eqref{eqn:batteryBounds}, \eqref{eqn:reactivePowerEq}, \eqref{eqn:voltage_bounds}, \eqref{eqn:simpDistFlow01}-\eqref{eqn:simpDistFlow03}.  The results of these two control laws will be discussed in greater details in Section \ref{sec:resultDiscussion}.

\section{Test Circuit Simulations}
\label{sec:testSetup}

We focus on radial distribution networks and perform a deterministic approach to simplify the simulations. Although the circuit model is unidirectional, we don't place any constraints on the direction of the power and allow it to be both positive or negative. Therefore, this model can be used in the case of bidirectional circuit. The test circuits that we study in this paper are representative of rural distribution circuits. In particular, those with a three phase 12.47 kV nominal voltage, which corresponds to a single phase equivalent line to-neutral voltage of 7.2 kV at the sub-station. The simulations considered herein assume a circuit with 30 nodes separated by the distances drawn from a uniform distribution between 200 to 300 meters. The line impedances are all set to $0.33 + \mathbf{i}0.38$ Ohms/km, which is based on typical conductor types and sizes discussed in \cite{Schneider2008} and used in \cite{Turitsyn2010a}. Both scaled down power demand and generation profiles from CAISO on Oct 27, 2011, are employed as $q_j^c(t)$ and $p_j^g(t)$ and shown in Figure \ref{fig:powerProfile}. The scaled down factor applied for power demand is 40e6 and for solar generation is 1e6. Since CAISO only provide the data for each hour and 20-minute is the selected time increment, we set the same value for three time slots in each hour as depicted in Figure \ref{fig:powerProfile} for 24 hours ($x$-axis: 1 to 72 time slots).

\begin{figure}[thpb]
      \centering
      \includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth,clip]{powerProfile.pdf}
      \caption{Power demand and generation profile from CAISO on Oct. 27,2011.}
      \label{fig:powerProfile}
\end{figure}

We set $p_j^g(t)=(p_j^g(t))^{max}$ at all the PV-enabled nodes and the apparent power capability of the inverters $s_j(t)$ to a constant value $s_j(t) = s_{max}(p_j^g(t))^{max}$ (i.e. $s_{max}=1.1$ implies that the apparent power capacity of the inverters is $10\%$ greater than the real power capacity of the PV cells).  From \cite{avgHouseEnergy}, the monthly electricity consumption for a U.S. residential utility customer was $940$ kWh, which is equivalent to daily electricity consumption of about $31.33$ kWh. Assuming $B^{max}$ is $\frac{1}{20}$ of the daily residential consumption and using the same scaled down factor that was used for power demand, we then have the average $B_j^{max} = B^{max} = 20 \times 10^{-4}$ Joules, which is a constant for all batteries at PV-enabled nodes.

For the non PV-enabled nodes, $p_j^g(t),q_j^g(t)$, and $s_j(t)$ are all zeros. In this simulation, we use PV penetration level of $20\%$, $50\%$, and $80\%$, which is respectively denoted as $a = 0.2$, $a = 0.5$, and $a = 0.8$ on the plots shown in Section \ref{sec:resultDiscussion}. All PV-enabled nodes are assumed to have energy storage (battery) and are placed one after another at either the front or rear of the distribution. Finally, we specify the voltage bounds in \eqref{eqn:voltage_bounds} based on $\varepsilon = 0.05$.

\section{Results and Discussion}
\label{sec:resultDiscussion}

The comparison of the results is based on the following three different control laws: 1) the global solution of the total loss minimization problem (i.e. \eqref{eqn:optimization} subject to \eqref{eqn:batteryEq}, \eqref{eqn:batteryBounds}, \eqref{eqn:reactivePowerEq}, \eqref{eqn:voltage_bounds}, \eqref{eqn:simpDistFlow01}-\eqref{eqn:simpDistFlow03}), 2) the optimal solution when the control law is constrained by the local rule \eqref{eqn:localControl}, and 3) the optimal solution without inverter control (i.e., $q_j^g(t)=0$ for all $j$). In the following discussion, we respectively refer to these cases as the "Global Solution", the "Local Control Law" and "No Control". In the local control scheme described in Section \ref{sec:cntrl} the determination of the control $q_j^g(t)$ only depends on the local information, whereas the objective function is global. The performance of the algorithms is evaluated based on energy savings and voltage variation. The comparisons are made based on the results of penetration levels $a=0.2$, $a=0.5$, and $a=0.8$ for each of the control algorithm in two battery placements: 1) the front battery placement where all PV-enabled nodes are placed at the front of the distribution, and 2) the rear battery placement where all PV-enabled nodes are placed at the rear of the distribution. The voltage variation is defined as follows:

\begin{equation}
\label{eqn:voltageVariation}
\delta {V} = {\rm{ }}\mathop {\max }\limits_j \left| {\frac{{{V_j(t)} - {V_0}}}{{{V_0}}}} \right|,
\end{equation}

\noindent
for all $t$.

The energy savings is computed as a percentage of the losses versus the baseline case, where the baseline case is when there is no control (i.e., $q_j^g(t)=0$ for all $j$) as follows:

\begin{equation}
\label{eqn:energySaving}
Saving = \frac{\mathcal{L}(Baseline) - \mathcal{L}(ControlMethod)}{\mathcal{L}(Baseline)}
\end{equation}

\noindent
where $\mathcal{L}(baseline)$ and $\mathcal{L}(ControlMethod)$ are the total loss of the baseline (i.e. No Control) over one day and the total loss of either the global or local control method over one day, respectively. When there is no control (i.e. baseline), the savings becomes "zero".

In the following discussion, we study these performance metrics over $s_{max}$ with front and rear battery placement in the optimization problems which are solved using CVX, a package for specifying and solving convex programs \cite{Grant2008,cvx} in MATLAB. The simulation is done with a PV penetration of $a = 0.2$, $a = 0.5$, and $a = 0.8$.

Figure \ref{fig:dV_smax_compare} provides a comparison of voltage variation $\delta{V}$ between global optimal solution of the loss minimization problem, optimal local solution with local control law, and no control for front and rear battery placement. As expected, having no control produces the worst performance in all cases. Higher PV penetration also provides smaller voltage variations for both front and rear battery placements. One important observation can be made from Figure \ref{fig:dV_smax_compare} is that rear battery placement provides smaller voltage variations than front battery placement for all $s_{max}$ and all three levels of PV penetrations. In the case of rear battery placement and when $a=0.8$ for front battery placement, both global solution and local solution have the same voltage variation $\delta{V}$ for all  $s_{max}$.

\begin{figure*}
\begin{center}
\subfigure[]{\label{fig:dV_smax_Front}
\includegraphics[height=2.45 in, width=3.3 in,clip]{dV_vs_smax_n30_Front.eps}}
\subfigure[]{\label{fig:dV_smax_Rear}
\includegraphics[height=2.45 in, width=3.3 in,clip]{dV_vs_smax_n30_Back.eps}}
\caption{The maximum voltage variation $\delta V$ for (a) front battery placement and (b) rear battery placement as a function of $s_{max}$ at penetration levels $a=0.2$, $0.5$ and $0.8$. The figures provide a $\delta V$ comparison between front and rear battery placement for the global solution, local control law, and no control.}
\label{fig:dV_smax_compare}
\end{center}
\end{figure*}

Figure \ref{fig:saving_smax_compare} provides a comparison of energy saving between global optimal solution of the loss minimization problem, optimal local solution with local control law, and no control for front and rear battery placement. As expected, having no control produces the worst performance in all cases. Higher PV penetration also offers higher energy saving for both front and rear battery placements. Similar important observation can be made from Figure \ref{fig:saving_smax_compare} is that rear battery placement provides higher energy savings than front battery placement for all $s_{max}$ and all three levels of PV penetrations. This is expected since rear battery placement provides smaller voltage variation than front battery placement as shown in Figure \ref{fig:dV_smax_compare}. Global solution works better than local control law in terms of energy saving. When the PV penetration level gets as high as $80\%$, the local control law provides equal energy saving as global solution for rear battery placement.

\begin{figure*}
\begin{center}
\subfigure[]{\label{fig:saving_smax_Front}
\includegraphics[height=2.45 in, width=3.3 in,clip]{Saving_vs_smax_n30_Front.eps}}
\subfigure[]{\label{fig:saving_smax_Rear}
\includegraphics[height=2.45 in, width=3.3 in,clip]{Saving_vs_smax_n30_Back.eps}}
\caption{The energy saved for (a) front battery placement and (b) rear battery placement as a function of $s_{max}$ at penetration levels $a=0.2,\, 0.5$ and $0.8$. The figures provide an energy saving comparison between front and rear battery placement for the global solution, local control law, and no control.}
\label{fig:saving_smax_compare}
\end{center}
\end{figure*}

The maximum voltage variation $\delta V$ in the rear battery placement is smaller than in the front battery placement due to the fact that the front nodes are closer to the substation where the voltage is kept at a constant without requiring any voltage regulation. That's why $\delta{V}$ stays small at the front nodes as $V_j(t)$ isn't used as one of the optimizing variables. Moving toward the rear nodes, $V_j(t)$ is then used as one of the optimizing variables, which also causes $\delta{V}$ to become larger. As power demand increases and solar generation decreases at the peak time (i.e., $t = 50,...,65$) as shown in Figure \ref{fig:powerProfile}, the distribution circuit struggles to meet the high power demand with low PV generation and this behavior results in large voltage variations at the peak demand time in the rear nodes. In the case of the front battery placement during the peak demand time, we don't have any PV generation with battery that can provide control variables for regulating the voltage at the rear nodes; whereas in the case of rear battery placement, we have PV cells with battery at the rear nodes that can perform two tasks: 1) reduce the power demand needed at the rear nodes due to solar generation and energy storage in battery, 2) regulate the voltage by utilizing two control variables such as the charge/discharge rate $\beta_j(t)$ of the battery and the reactive power $q_j^g(t)$ of the inverters. Due to this reason, putting more PV cells with battery at the rear nodes will provide smaller voltage variations than at the front nodes. Hence, higher energy saving is also obtained with rear battery placement as shown in Figure \ref{fig:saving_smax_compare} for all PV penetration levels and $s_{max}$. For penetration level $a=0.2$ and $s_{max}=1.1$, note that the peak $\delta{V}$ in the rear battery placement is about $12\%$ smaller than the peak $\delta{V}$ in the front battery placement and the average $\delta{V}$ in the rear battery placement is about $5\%$ smaller than the  average $\delta{V}$ in the front battery placement, which results in an energy saving of $9\%$. As for medium PV penetration level of $a=0.5$ and $s_{max}=1.1$, the peak $\delta{V}$ in the rear battery placement is about $13\%$ smaller than the peak $\delta{V}$ in the front battery placement and the average $\delta{V}$  in the rear battery placement is about  $9\%$ smaller than the  average $\delta{V}$ in the front battery placement, which results in an energy saving of $15\%$.

\section{Conclusion and Future Research}
\label{sec:Conclusion}

This work is a continuation of our previous work to study the effects of energy storage (battery) placement on VAR control using dynamic control algorithms in a single line radial distribution system with $20\%$, $50\%$, and $80\%$ penetration of PV cells. Although the circuit model is unidirectional, we don't place any constraints on the direction of the power and allow it to be both positive or negative. Therefore, this model can be used in the case of bidirectional circuit. The dynamic control algorithms in this paper are designed to minimize the total power loss over one day. Although the number of nodes is limited to 30, it does show that the two dynamic control algorithms work much better than the no control case for both the front and rear battery placement. Battery placement at the rear of the distribution also offers smaller voltage variations and higher energy savings than at the front battery placement for all levels of PV penetration and sizes of inverters. The simulation results from this paper also suggests that if we were to install a number of systems of PV cells with battery, the good place to install these systems is at the rear of the distribution for low, medium, and high PV penetration levels as shown in both Figures \ref{fig:dV_smax_compare} and \ref{fig:saving_smax_compare}. This may provide an important message to utility companies to offer an "incentive" program to the users at the rear (not at the front) in the distribution circuits to install battery (more costly) in addition to install PV cells. This will improve the quality of service to all users in the distribution circuits. Our ongoing effort is to model the charging/discharging rate of the energy storage (battery) using physical constraints such as battery temperature rise and generated gas. Moreover, further analysis is needed to understand how the approach in this paper can be adapted to more general distribution system models and the effects of adding large numbers of PV-cells to a single phase of a real system. Additionally, the study of an optimal battery placement for a more general distribution system with a specific PV penetration level is needed.

\bibliographystyle{IEEEtr}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


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