text:
Vortigern Studies > Vortigern > Guest Articles > Michael Veprauskas (2)
A Clerical Portrait of Vortigern?
Michael Veprauskas
first published on
Early British Kingdoms
From the beginning of the world to Constantinus and Rufus, are found to be five thousand, six hundred, and fifty-eight years.
Also from the two consuls, Rufus and Rubelius, to the consul Stilicho, are three hundred and seventy-three years.
Also from Stilicho to Valentinian, son of Placida, and the reign of Vortigern, are twenty-eight years.
And from the reign of Vortigern to the quarrel between Guitolinus and Ambrosius, are twelve years, which is Guoloppum, that is Catgwaloph. Vortigern reigned in Britain when Theodosius and Valentinian were consuls, and in the fourth year of his reign the Saxons came to Britain, in the consulship of Felix and Taurus, in the four hundredth year from the Incarnation of our Lord Jesus Christ.
From the year in which the Saxons came into Britain, and were received by Vortigern, to the time of Decius and Valerian, are sixty-nine years.[1]
So reads section 66 of Nennius' Historia Brittonum.
In the preceding quote from Nennius, the most important item is section four, and concerns both the beginning of Vortigern's reign and the arrival of the Saxons. The other four sections are peripheral to these two events. Here, the beginning of Vortigern's reign is linked with the consulship of Theodosius II and Valentinian III, which occurred in 425. The fourth year of his reign would have been 428, the year of the consulship of Felix and Taurus. The four hundredth year from the "Incarnation" is a misnomer, as 428 was actually the four hundredth year from the "Passion" of Christ. Confusion in dating from the Incarnation and the Passion occurs elsewhere in the Historia Brittonum.[2]
The first section "From the beginning of the world to Constantinus and Rufus..." brings us to the year 458/59 A.D.. The chronology of Eusebius is utilized here, where our year 1 A.D. is the year 5,200 A.M. (Anno Mundi). Anno Mundi derives from a Hebraic system of dating which commences at the creation of the world. The 5,658 years that Nennius gives us would normally be 458/59 A.D., but this date does not correlate with the individuals named in the text. David Dumville has theorized that the Historia "must have used the rare, but by no means unknown, form .dc. = 500"[3] in some instances. In going through both the Harleian and Vatican Latin versions of the Historia Brittonum, there appear to be at least three instances where this system is used. The first is the dating to the reign of Edmund I, as noted by David Dumville. Next we have a dating of Magnus Maximus by Anno Mundi, where this form (dc=500) is used. And lastly, from this section 66 of Nennius.
Using a corrected date of 358/59 brings us to the reign of Constantius II, third son of Constantine the Great and Fausta. Though a Christian, he was a fervent adherent to the Arian heresy. Of him, Bede says:
The Arian heresy, sustained by the leadership of the emperor Constantius, persecuted Athanasius first of all, then all bishops not of its party with exile, imprisonment, and various types of affliction.
Maximinus bishop of the Treveri was outstanding; he received bishop Athanasius of Alexandria with honour at the time that Constantius wished to punish him.[4]
An influential anti-Arian bishop, Athanasius was driven into exile by Constantius II in 356, where he remained until the death of Constantius II in 361. The Arian heresy denied the divinity of Christ, stating that he is not truly divine, but a created being. The scribe who wrote this section of Nennius, appears to have deliberately chosen the Anno Mundi form of dating here; for the Gospel of St. John clearly states "In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God...".[5] Thus, by using an Anno Mundi dating scheme, the divinity of Christ "one with the Father" from before the creation of the world, is sharply contrasted with the Arian belief that he was merely a created being, inside datable history.
Both Gildas and Bede record that the Arian heresy gained root in Britain:
This poisonous error after corrupting the whole world, at length crossed the sea and infected even this remote island...[6]
The second section "from the two consuls, Rufus (read Fufius) and Rubelius, to the consul Stilicho..." would bring us to the year 401/402, when Stilicho was regent to the young Honorius. His actual consulship was in the year 400. The Roman consulship was such an honor, that once an individual held this office, he generally continued to be referred by the title of "consul" for the rest of his life. In the following year, 403, we find the bishop of Rouen, Victricius, visiting Britain "for the purpose of bringing peace to the island's clergy, who were in the midst of a dispute...".[7] It is commonly believed that this concerned the Pelagian heresy.
Pelagius, a monk, and founder of the Pelagian heresy, was either Irish or a native Briton. He is generally ascribed a Briton by his contemporaries, and the Pelagian heresy itself was considered "British". Pelagius was well educated and fluent in the use of both Latin and Greek. By 398-401, or perhaps earlier, he established himself in the environs of Rome to propagate his beliefs.[8] In brief, his teachings denied "Original Sin" and the necessity of Christ's Passion and death. The latter served to instruct and to act as an exemplar, but, "nature retains the ability to conquer sin and to gain eternal life even without the aid of grace."[9] In short, mankind could save itself through its own efforts. The method of dating here, again, does not appear to be chance. It appears that our monastic writer deliberately chose to date from the Passion of Christ, i.e. Anno Passio, thus starkly confronting the offending heresy itself. Yet another scourge that had infested the island.
Here, Nennius' source takes us from Stilicho and the rise of the Pelagian heresy, to the reigns of Valentinian III and Vortigern. Stilicho became regent to the young Honorius in 395 and held consulship in 400. It is thought that Vortigern and his party favored the Pelagian heresy. It promoted self-reliance, was native born, and had an appeal to those who favored British nationalism and independence from Rome; both in a political and religious sense. Faustus, Vortigern's son through incestuous relations with his daughter, later preached a form of semi-Pelagianism in Gaul.[10] This further indicates Vortigern's probable sympathies with Pelagianism. Throughout the Historia Brittonum, Vortigern's dealings with St. Germanus; who was sent twice to combat Pelagianism in Britain, are confrontational. Again, our clerics choice of "28 years" alludes to the orthodox view of the importance of the Passion as opposed to the Pelagian beliefs.
And from the reign of Vortigern to the quarrel between Guitolinus and Ambrosius, are twelve years, which is Guoloppum, that is Catgwaloph.
The year is 437. Here, Ambrosius is set in opposition to one whom many feel is either Vortigern, or a close family member. Did our clerical friend recount this incident, with the additional underlying motive of starkly contrasting Vortigern's Pelagianism with Ambrosius' orthodoxy?
From the year in which the Saxons came into Britain, and were received by Vortigern, to the time of Decius and Valerian, are sixty-nine years.
This fifth and last section, comes after the central events in section four - Vortigern and the arrival of the Saxons. It starts from the beginning of an event (arrival of the Saxons) and moves backwards in time. The 69 years takes us back to the time of Constantius II. We would then have gone full circle to the first part of this section of Nennius. A later copyist might have felt this is what the original author had intended when he saw "169 years" before him. However, by amending "69" years to "169" year we arrive at the end of the reign of Valerian, 259/60 A.D., who is referred to in the text. Valerian vigorously renewed the persecutions first set in motion by the Emperor Decius a few years before. Hence the linking of the two names. One wonders, if the author was also dating the persecutions of St. Albans, Aaron and Julius to this era, rather than during the more widely believed reign of Diocletion?
In the eyes of fifth century clerics, the aftermath of the Saxon revolt must have seemed markedly similar to the persecution of Christians under the pagan emperors. Priests and bishops were slaughtered, churches destroyed, people were scattered and went into hiding. Some of the vivid imagery in Gildas' writing attests to this.[11]
To the old monastics, Vortigern and his Saxons were viewed as yet another scourge inflicted upon Britain. Worse than Arianism, Pelagianism, and persecuting pagan emperors, his reign was the crowning point of the ultimate evil let loose upon the Britons, i.e. the Saxons. These Saxons persecuted the people and devastated the church, far more thoroughly than any previous Roman Emperor! Ironically enough, it was the very offensiveness of his crimes that caused the old chronologers to record and preserve records of his rise to power and the coming of his Saxon mercenaries!
Had our author's intent been solely to date the rise of Vortigern and the arrival of the Saxons, he could have simply done so by any of the methods of dating available to him. E.g., from the creation of the world to Vortigern (A.M.); from the passion of Christ to Vortigern; by Consular year; etc. Instead, he elected to proceed in stages to these two events, with each intermediary step containing its own message! In our scribe's eye, Vortigern and his Saxons represented the ultimate evil unleashed in Britain.
It is interesting to speculate on the age of these traditions.They certainly seem older than the mission of St. Augustine, to Kent, in 597, for the Saxons are obviously viewed here as totally pagan. The imagery that is evoked; the heresies of Arian, Pelagius; the foolishness of Vortigern; the ruthlessness of his Saxons; closely parallel that of Gildas, whose writings are dated c.540. It is also interesting to note that in the earlier sections of the Historia Brittonum[12], dealing in depth with Vortigern and his policies, there is not a single positive statement regarding either! No pretense is made to give a balanced account, which would have addressed Vortigern's point of view to some extent. The account is retrospective, ascribed to "the will of God" - pure clerical rancor! Even Gildas, on one occasion, refers to Vortigern as "the unlucky king"[13], which is charitable by comparison with his treatment in the Historia Brittonum. Was there, in addition, a real need for the apparent veiled language of this account in section 66 of the Historia Brittonum? Were some of Vortigern's immediate descendants still in positions of authority, still to be reckoned with? Presumably, the records were composed near enough in time to the peripheral themes, that there was no need to spell them out to the reader.
These concerns make a 6th century compilation for these documents (which John Morris refers to as the Kentish Chronicle[14]) likely to be accomplished during the rise of monasticism in the west of Britain. Gildas' De Excidio Brittaniae may have sparked some interest in collecting and preserving accounts of these events. The documents and/or traditions upon which they were based, must have been in circulation long enough for a considered opinion to be made of them. Certain portions are reflected and confirmed by other old traditions deriving from Kent. They could be very old indeed.
A Clerical Portrait of Vortigern? is Copyright � 1998, Michael Veprauskas. All rights reserved. Used with permission.
Comments to: Michael Veprauskas
[1] Nennius, Historia Brittonum, section #66.
[2] Michael Veprauskas, "Adventus Saxonum".
[3] David Dumville, The Historia Brittonum, #3 Vatican Recension, p. 46.
[4] Bede, The Greater Chronicle, entry for year 4314.
[5] Gospel of St John 1:1-2.
[6] Bede, History of the English Church and People, Book 1, chapter 8.
[7] Britannia Internet Magazine, "Timeline of Arthurian Britain", entry for year 403.
[8] The Catholic Encyclopedia, "Pelagius and Pelagianism", electronic version.
[11] Gildas, De Excidio Brittaniae, sections #19 and #24.
[12] Nennius, Historia Brittonum, sections #31 and 36-49.
[13] Gildas, De Excidio Brittaniae, section #23.
[14] John Morris, The Age of Arthur, especially chapters 4 and 5.


Beyonce's not just the highest-paid woman in music this year—she also boasts the most-liked Instagram post of 2017!
The winning photo is Queen Bey's now iconic twin pregnancy announcement post, which, initially shared back in February, features the mom posing regally in a bra and mint green veil against a floral backdrop. The image has so far accrued 11.18 million likes.
Just last week, Forbes crowned the singer, who earned $105 million pretax, the highest-paid female performer of the year.


text:
namespace apps {

class AppRegistryCacheTest;
struct IconKey;
struct RunOnOsLogin;

// Wraps two apps::mojom::AppPtr's, a prior state and a delta on top of that
// state. The state is conceptually the "sum" of all of the previous deltas,
// with "addition" or "merging" simply being that the most recent version of
// each field "wins".
//
// The state may be nullptr, meaning that there are no previous deltas.
// Alternatively, the delta may be nullptr, meaning that there is no change in
// state. At least one of state and delta must be non-nullptr.
//
// Almost all of an AppPtr's fields are optional. For example, if an app's name
// hasn't changed, then a delta doesn't necessarily have to contain a copy of
// the name, as the prior state should already contain it.
//
// The combination of the two (state and delta) can answer questions such as:
//  - What is the app's name? If the delta knows, that's the answer. Otherwise,
//    ask the state.
//  - Is the app ready to launch (i.e. installed)? Likewise, if the delta says
//    yes or no, that's the answer. Otherwise, the delta says "unknown", so ask
//    the state.
//  - Was the app *freshly* installed (i.e. it previously wasn't installed, but
//    now is)? Has its readiness changed? Check if the delta says "installed"
//    and the state says either "uninstalled" or unknown.
//
// An AppUpdate is read-only once constructed. All of its fields and methods
// are const. The constructor caller must guarantee that the AppPtr references
// remain valid for the lifetime of the AppUpdate.
//
// See components/services/app_service/README.md for more details.
//
// TODO(crbug.com/1253250): Remove all apps::mojom related code.
// 1. Modify comments.
// 2. Replace mojom related functions with non-mojom functions.
class COMPONENT_EXPORT(APP_UPDATE) AppUpdate {
 public:
  // Modifies |state| by copying over all of |delta|'s known fields: those
  // fields whose values aren't "unknown". The |state| may not be nullptr.
  static void Merge(apps::mojom::App* state, const apps::mojom::App* delta);
  static void Merge(App* state, const App* delta);

  // At most one of |state| or |delta| may be nullptr.
  AppUpdate(const App* state, const App* delta, const AccountId& account_id);

  AppUpdate(const AppUpdate&) = delete;
  AppUpdate& operator=(const AppUpdate&) = delete;

  // Returns whether this is the first update for the given AppId.
  // Equivalently, there are no previous deltas for the AppId.
  bool StateIsNull() const;

  apps::AppType AppType() const;

  const std::string& AppId() const;

  apps::Readiness Readiness() const;
  apps::Readiness PriorReadiness() const;
  bool ReadinessChanged() const;

  const std::string& Name() const;
  bool NameChanged() const;

  const std::string& ShortName() const;
  bool ShortNameChanged() const;

  // The publisher-specific ID for this app, e.g. for Android apps, this field
  // contains the Android package name. May be empty if AppId() should be
  // considered as the canonical publisher ID.
  const std::string& PublisherId() const;
  bool PublisherIdChanged() const;

  const std::string& Description() const;
  bool DescriptionChanged() const;

  const std::string& Version() const;
  bool VersionChanged() const;

  std::vector<std::string> AdditionalSearchTerms() const;
  bool AdditionalSearchTermsChanged() const;

  absl::optional<apps::IconKey> IconKey() const;
  bool IconKeyChanged() const;

  base::Time LastLaunchTime() const;
  bool LastLaunchTimeChanged() const;

  base::Time InstallTime() const;
  bool InstallTimeChanged() const;

  apps::Permissions Permissions() const;
  bool PermissionsChanged() const;

  apps::InstallReason InstallReason() const;
  bool InstallReasonChanged() const;

  apps::InstallSource InstallSource() const;
  bool InstallSourceChanged() const;

  // An optional ID used for policy to identify the app.
  // For web apps, it contains the install URL.
  const std::string& PolicyId() const;
  bool PolicyIdChanged() const;

  bool InstalledInternally() const;

  absl::optional<bool> IsPlatformApp() const;
  bool IsPlatformAppChanged() const;

  absl::optional<bool> Recommendable() const;
  bool RecommendableChanged() const;

  absl::optional<bool> Searchable() const;
  bool SearchableChanged() const;

  absl::optional<bool> ShowInLauncher() const;
  bool ShowInLauncherChanged() const;

  absl::optional<bool> ShowInShelf() const;
  bool ShowInShelfChanged() const;

  absl::optional<bool> ShowInSearch() const;
  bool ShowInSearchChanged() const;

  absl::optional<bool> ShowInManagement() const;
  bool ShowInManagementChanged() const;

  absl::optional<bool> HandlesIntents() const;
  bool HandlesIntentsChanged() const;

  absl::optional<bool> AllowUninstall() const;
  bool AllowUninstallChanged() const;

  absl::optional<bool> HasBadge() const;
  bool HasBadgeChanged() const;

  absl::optional<bool> Paused() const;
  bool PausedChanged() const;

  apps::IntentFilters IntentFilters() const;
  bool IntentFiltersChanged() const;

  absl::optional<bool> ResizeLocked() const;
  bool ResizeLockedChanged() const;

  apps::WindowMode WindowMode() const;
  bool WindowModeChanged() const;

  absl::optional<apps::RunOnOsLogin> RunOnOsLogin() const;
  bool RunOnOsLoginChanged() const;

  apps::Shortcuts Shortcuts() const;
  bool ShortcutsChanged() const;

  const ::AccountId& AccountId() const;

  absl::optional<uint64_t> AppSizeInBytes() const;
  bool AppSizeInBytesChanged() const;

  absl::optional<uint64_t> DataSizeInBytes() const;
  bool DataSizeInBytesChanged() const;

 private:
  friend class AppRegistryCacheTest;

  raw_ptr<const apps::App> state_ = nullptr;
  raw_ptr<const apps::App> delta_ = nullptr;

  const ::AccountId& account_id_;
};

// For logging and debug purposes.
COMPONENT_EXPORT(APP_UPDATE)
std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, const AppUpdate& app);

}  // namespace apps

#endif  // COMPONENTS_SERVICES_APP_SERVICE_PUBLIC_CPP_APP_UPDATE_H_

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Well Mike and I got back from Disneyland a couple weeks ago. We went with Mike's brother Pete. It was a good experience. I definitely felt Aidan's presence while we were there.
The first time I felt him there was the first night getting ready to see the fireworks show. The announcer came over the sound system and said that because of winds at a higher elevation the fireworks might not happen that night. I began talking to Aidan saying that if he was there with us to let us know by slowing the winds down so that we could see the fireworks. A few minutes later another announcement saying the show would go on. I got a bit misty eyed after that and the fireworks were beautiful.
The second time I felt Aidan's presence was while we were trying to figure out where to sprinkle some of his ashes. Mike and I had been looking all over the park for a great spot when we realized multiple spots that we like would be okay as well. Late the second day of our trip I thought of Peter Pan's Flight being a good spot because of their trip to Neverland where all of the Lost Boys who never wanted to grow up stayed. I thought that would be pretty fitting. So while standing in line the next morning for the ride, we saw a boy waiting in line with a pair of Mickey ears on his head and his name embroidered on the back. His name was Aiden, not spelled exactly the same but I took that as a sign that Aidan thought it was a good place as well.
And lastly, and kind of creepily when we were getting ready to ride the Haunted Mansion as I was waiting for our DoomBuggy to approach I felt a tug on the back of my pants. We were the last ones in line and I turned around and no one was there. It could have been anything but it felt like a tug that a little child would give when they run up to their parents when they were scared or being shy. Who knows it could have been a ghost, not necessarily Aidan, or it was just a figment of my imagination. Either way it was sort of calming.
So we decided to sprinkle Aidan's ashes in three different spots. The first being Peter Pan's Flight. The second was to the side of the castle, at this little hidden away spot with Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs. It was a beautiful garden area with a water fountain and wishing well. Every once in a while Snow White would start singing the song "I'm Wishing". And lastly in this little tucked away area of New Orlean's Square called the Court of Angels. I will post pictures of two of the spots later on.
I also believe that Aidan was there with you.
I'm sure Aidan is so happy. I just went to Disney World for the first time, and it's such a magical place. Great idea to let Aidan be a part of that.
that's a beautiful story. Thanks for sharing it with me!


text:
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


This issue covers the celebrations of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia's 86th national day, the successful Saudi delegation led by Deputy Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman at the G20 in Hangzhou, China, the recent speech of Foreign Minister Adel Al-Jubeir at Chatham House, London and the tireless work of King Salman Humanitarian Aid and Relief Centre in Yemen.
In Brussels, Ambassador Abdulrahman S. Alahmed, Head of the Mission to the European Union and Ambassador to Belgium and Luxembourg welcomed revered guests to celebrate the anniversary of the nation's foundation. A short video on the event in Arabic can be viewed below.
Saudi National Day Known locally as Al-Yaom-ul-Watany, it marks 23 September 1932, when King Abdulaziz announced the unification of the country as a kingdom.
Emirates Airline and Real Madrid C.F partnered to send a special video message today to congratulate the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia on its 86th National Day.
Eleven members of the club, including Cristiano Ronaldo, Gareth Bale, Karim Benzema, James Rodriguez and Sergio Ramos conveyed their own personalised messages expressing their best wishes on the occasion of National Day to the people of Saudi Arabia.
Addressing the 71st session of the General Assembly of the United Nations, Crown Prince Mohammad bin Naif, Deputy Premier and Minister of Interior of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, told today that defeating terrorism is a priority for Saudi Arabia, which "has been among the primary victims of terrorism" going back many years.
"Saudi security apparatuses have also managed to detect 268 terrorist operations and thwarted them before they took place," he said.
Prince Mohammad highlighted the Kingdom's role in the formation of the multi-country Islamic Military Alliance to combat terrorism as well as the agreement Saudi Arabia signed with the U.S. to launch the United Nations Counter-Terrorism Center and the Kingdom's pledge of $110 million to the center to help build its capabilities and effectiveness in helping countries combat terrorism.
The Crown Prince told the General Assembly that the Kingdom fully supports reaching a political solution in Yemen.
Prince Mohammad called for an end to the fighting in Syria and renewed efforts to find a political solution to the crisis according to the decisions of Geneva 1. Saudi Arabia has provided shelter for hundreds of thousands of Syrian people since the beginning of the crisis, including free health care, and access to the labor market and education.
Saudi Crown Prince Mohammad bin Naif has announced that Saudi Arabia will provide an additional $75 million to support refugees, in coordination with international organizations. Prince Mohammad announced the new aid package during a speech at the Leaders' Summit on the Global Refugee Crises hosted by U.S. President Barack Obama on the margins of the 71st Session of the UN General Assembly.
During his speech, Prince Mohammad highlighted the Kingdom's efforts in relief work and humanitarian aid.
"The total humanitarian assistance provided by the Kingdom over the past four decades amounted to about $139 billion," he said.
He singled out Saudi Arabia's assistance to the Syrian people, saying that Saudi Arabia was one of the largest providers of aid.
"The Kingdom has also given them access to the labor market and provided healthcare and education free of charge. There are more than 141,000 Syrian children pursuing their education free of cost," he said.
Prince Mohammad also said that Saudi Arabia has supported millions of Syrian refugees living in neighboring states, with aid reaching more than $800 million.
In addition, the crown prince said that Saudi Arabia has also welcomed Yemeni refugees, considering them as visitors and exempting them from residence and work regulations. Saudi Arabia has been the single-largest donor of humanitarian aid to Yemen.
Prince Mohammad highlighted the establishment in 2015 of the King Salman Humanitarian Aid and Relief Center. He said that Saudi aid to refugees in other countries included $59 million to the United Nations and Works Agency for Palestinian Refugees in February 2016, $30 million to Afghan refugees in Pakistan, and the Kingdom's pledge to provide $50 million to the Indonesian government to support the Rohingya refugees.
Vision 2030 has seen further sign of progress with the inauguration of a high-level manufacturing institute at King Saud University. The institution has received wide acclaim during its opening in the Kingdom's latest move strengthen its economy through diversification of non-traditional sectors.
The Advanced Manufacturing Institute (AMI), will stimulate the process of innovation production for youth and entrepreneurs increasingly involved in private sector ventures. As an addition to the university's existing manufacturing programs, the Advanced Manufacturing Institute is set to become a regional leader in technological expertise for sectors linked to product design and engineering.
"The KSU has responded to the strategic national requirements and placed industrial research and development among its top priorities in KSU's Strategic Plan 2030," said a statement released by the university.
The AMI will gather top experts in engineering and business to provide an environment that engages employees in a creative, collaborative work process. Advanced computer systems will guide the institute's strategic capabilities with the ultimate aim of harmonizing the industrial sector with the knowledge-based economy of Saudi Arabia.
Under the Vision 2030 plan, the Kingdom has pledged to localize renewable energy and industrial equipment sectors, creating job opportunities for Saudi nationals while reducing dependence on foreign production.
By promoting direct investment in these sectors, Saudi officials will strengthen partnerships with leading companies in the manufacturing and production fields. All stages of production—from maintenance, repair, research, development, and training—will be centralized within Saudi Arabia.
With a focus on sustainable practices in the business sector, Vision 2030 will increase collaboration between governmental ministries, consumers, and producers to reduce waste in the manufacturing sector. In recognition of the Kingdom's efforts to promote nationwide conservation of natural resources, the plan combines corporate social responsibility with the expansion of job opportunities for youth to shape a better future to benefit all citizens and residents.
"It is a very important and strategic vision document and pointed that it will be very helpful in sustainable economic development," added Yunus Demirer, Ambassador of Turkey to Saudi Arabia.
"Vision 2030 is comprehensive and ambitious master plan and will very positively affect the Saudi society, increase job opportunities through investment and expansion work by promising industries, will improve citizens living conditions with economic diversification," said South Korean Ambassador Pyung-oh Kwon.
"Vision 2030 is a very clear and determined path toward a new stage of economic and social development. We are looking at it as a total transformation program," stated Indian Ambassador Ahmad Javed.
Saudi Arabia has confirmed its plans to launch seven high-speed trains as early as next year. The infrastructure project will connect the Kingdom's holy sites that welcome millions of pilgrims each year.
Seven trains are set to operate between the cities Makkah and Jeddah every hour, while two trains will operate between the cities housing the two Holy Mosques, Makkah and Madinah.
The 480km project will link the kingdom's holy sites to other cities to facilitate travel for pilgrims and visitors, and is expected to have a lifespan of over 120 years. The project will also link up the holy sites to other cities in order to facilitate travel opportunities for pilgrims and visitors.
The first phase, the Madinah to Jeddah stretch, is close to completion and is expected to be ready by the end of 2016. The remainder of the project is scheduled to be complete by the end of 2017.
Saudi Arabia's Deputy Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman led a senior Saudi delegation to China and Japan, as part of a trip that included the kingdom's participation at the G20 summit in Hangzhou.
In April, Prince Mohammed launched radical economic reforms designed to develop non-oil industries in Saudi Arabia and attract billions of dollars of foreign investment. Chinese and Japanese banks and companies are also expected to play major roles.
The prince first visited China for talks on economic ties as well as security issues, before visiting Japan and meeting Prime Minister Shinzo Abe. Prince Mohammed then returned to China on 3 September to join the leaders of the world's twenty biggest economies in the eastern city of Hangzhou. The event embodies an international forum bringing together governments and central bank governors and aims at studying, reviewing, and promoting high-level discussion of policy issues pertaining to the promotion of international financial stability.
Prince Mohammed bin Salman presents his economic reform plan to the G20, which envisages state spending of around 270 billion riyals (€65 billion) in the next five years on projects to diversify the economy. Saudi officials will discuss energy cooperation agreements with China and Japan, including a plan to cooperate with China in storing crude oil, the Saudi cabinet has said.
On 25 August 2016, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia hosted a series of constructive discussions about the situation in Yemen, including a meeting between the GCC foreign ministers, US Secretary of State John Kerry, UK Minister for the Middle East and Africa Tobias Ellwood and the UN's Special Envoy for Yemen Ismail Ould Cheikh Ahmed. The participants developed a framework for a peaceful solution in Yemen based on the GCC Initiative, the outcomes of the National Dialogue Conference and UN Resolution 2216. The participating parties offered full support for this roadmap, which would end the war in Yemen and transform the country from war and destruction to reconstruction and stability. The UN special envoy is charged with discussing this framework with the Yemeni parties.
The plan as it stands calls for the following measures to be taken: the swift formation of a new national unity government with power shared among the parties; the withdrawal of forces from Sana'a and other key areas; the transfer of all heavy weapons, including ballistic missiles and launchers, from the Houthis and forces allied with them, to a third party and for the new unity government to respect the security, the integrity, and the sanctity of international borders, prohibiting the deployment of weapons from Yemeni territory that threatened international waterways or the security of Yemen's neighbours.
This respect for international law and the significance of international border is at the heart of the plan for a political solution to the conflict. "The agreement would require the new unity government [of Yemen] to respect the security, the integrity, and the sanctity of international borders, and it would prohibit the deployment of weapons from Yemeni territory that threatened international waterways or the security of Yemen's neighbors," Secretary Kerry stated.
Both Mr Al-Jubeir and Secretary Kerry agreed on the need to bring the war to an end in a way that protects the rights and the sovereignty of Saudi Arabia and the surrounding region and does not require a compromise on any country's security.


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Daktari is een televisieserie uit de 60'er jaren over een dierenarts genaamd Dr. Marsh Tracy, zijn dochter Paula en zijn staf gesitueerd in het natuurpark Wameru Study Center for Animal Behaviour in Oost-Afrika. Daktari betekent 'dokter' in het Swahili. De serie ontstond nadat de film Clarence, the Cross-Eyed Lion werd uitgebracht.

Rolverdeling
 Dr. Marshall Tracy - Marshall Thompson
 Paula Tracy - Cheryl Miller
 Mike Makula - Hari Rhodes
 Jack Dane - Yale Summers
 Boswachter Hedley - Hedley Mattingly
 Clarence de schele leeuw
 Judy de chimpansee

De indertijd in Kenia werkzame Nederlandse ecoloog en dierenarts Toni Harthoorn stond model voor Daktari.

Externe links
 Daktari Episode Guide

Amerikaanse televisieserie
Programma van CBS
Televisieserie gebaseerd op een film

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Parents who see school as a baby-sitting service.
Evergreen Elementary has had to use an outside consulting firm to come in and help turn around test scores. Now we see that Marion County schools system is looking to hire another one for Oakcrest Elementary. Test scores will likely go up, for a short while.
What will not change is the many neglectful parents who simply don't see school as valuable, other than as a baby-sitting service. These outside companies will come in, turn things around for a year or so, then leave, and we will be back to the same cycle of failing schools again.
These two schools have had endemic problems for years now, despite large staff changes and turnover. I wonder why? Look at what hasn't changed in that time.
The larger issue here isn't even the test scores. It is standardized testing. We would not be in this hole were it not for FCAT, FSA, and the myriad other useless assessments that give us tainted data. On top of state-mandated tests, we also give hundreds of other standardized assessments to our kids that are generated at the county level. We spend too much time and money on testing, and this district is administratively top heavy, costing more money.
The School Board would be better off using some money to provide a better standard of living for the teachers and staff. Perhaps then we wouldn't operate with dozens of teacher openings in the county all year long. Tiny raises that are paid in lump sums taxed at 22 percent doesn't do a lot for morale. We are also losing support staff due to budget cuts at an alarming rate.
No outside company or teacher is going to fix years of budgetary neglect from the state and county, nor will it fix years of neglectful parenting. Without the support of parents and a more classroom-driven focus for our school dollars, we will never be able to give these kids the education they deserve.
I read with interest the Other Voices on cursive writing on March 31. In my experience as a teacher in Seminole County, there is one reason cursive is not taught: it doesn't help a student pass a test that reflects on the school.
They had the FCAT when I was a teacher. I taught fourth grade and tried to squeeze in cursive writing anyway I could. Being a child of the '60s, I learned cursive. But I noticed that many 20-something and 30-something teachers knew very little cursive and had to print. So I thought it was my job to enlighten the students.
The game that teachers have to play for schools to get good ratings are disgusting. Students who "counted" the most on the test scoring system were given the most help. If you didn't count because you didn't fit into some high-point category, you were not getting extra help.
So back to cursive. I was not allowed to teach cursive. I wrote on the board in cursive and the students eventually learned to read it and write it.
The letter, "Pregnancy support" (April 2), is about supporting a pregnancy, not offering unbiased information regarding a woman's unplanned pregnancy options.
The Ocala Women's Pregnancy Center is an anti-choice organization. They push ultrasound in their attempts to change a woman's decision to have an abortion. Research shows that viewing the ultrasound has little effect on a woman's decision.
Anti-choice organizations do a great disservice to all women. "The ability of women to participate equally in the economic and social life of the nation has been facilitated by their ability to control their reproductive lives" (Sandra Day O'Connor).
Women must have personal agency over our lives and reproduction; it is essential to our dignity as equal human beings. This is called pro-choice.
Planned Parenthood offers many services, including unplanned pregnancy options counseling, abortion services or referral. PP's professional staff offers accurate information and non-judgmental support. A trip to Gainesville is not an option for many women. Traveling longer distances to abortion providers is especially burdensome for low-income women who have to find the money for transportation, take time off from work and secure child care. We do need this service in Ocala.


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Home»Uncategorized»The Real Reason Tom Wang Got A Supercar
The Real Reason Tom Wang Got A Supercar
Tom Wang finally broke down and bought an exotic. It's a 2020 Audi R8 Performance Spyder. The naturally aspirated V10 cranks out six hundred and eleven horsepower. "Alright guys, I've had the car for a weekend now," he said in a YouTube video. "I got the car on Thursday and tonight it's Sunday night, so I've had tons of time testing out the car, driving the car, and I'm gonna tell you guys why I decided to actually pull the trigger on my very first supercar." Get the full scoop below.
"So the reason why I got a supercar is because, well, I mean, come on, who doesn't want a supercar," he continued. "Ever since I was a kid, you know, I'm not even the biggest car guy in the world, but every single time you see a car driving past by, I'm like, 'Holy crap! That would be so much fun to drive!' And about a month ago, I caught the fever of, basically, my friend Jason, he has a Lamborghini Aventador that he lent to me for my birthday week."
Tom told how he loved the Lambo. It was a ton of fun. But it was almost too much car for him. Crazy expensive, crazy big (wide, a little tough to maneuver and park), attracted too much unwanted attention, and it didn't drive the best (rode rough). Still the most incredible car he had ever driven in his life. But not a great daily driver and not the right whip for him. After some research, Tom decided the Audi R8 would be the perfect alternative.
He didn't give himself the green light to buy it, though, until after he was sick with Covid. "It did mess me up pretty good," he recalled. "I was in bed for eight days. And when you're in bed for eight days, you pretty much have a lot of time to think. And one of the things that I thought was, 'I've been working so hard over the past three to four years. Me and my girlfriend, we established our Amazon businesses, we have our coaching program, all these different things.'"
Tom Wang Exotic Car
"And, you know, it wasn't easy," he continued. "Like, I spent time, I grinded, I put in the work. And now I have all this money in my bank, our business is generating great cash flow, and my lifestyle hasn't really changed all that much. So when I was in bed, I'm like, I haven't really lived my life to the fullest. There's so many things I want to do that I haven't done yet. And I did the math, and I was like, 'I can easily afford this. This is not gonna affect my net worth.'"
Long story short, the man earned it, he had more than enough money for it, so why not. Funny enough, he actually made an offer on two different used Porches first, and both of those deals ended up falling through at the last minute. Tom's not a fan of McLarens. Again, the Lambo just drew too much attention, among other things. The Ferraris he liked were a little too pricey. So he ended up leasing the R8. Three year contract. He can buy it outright after that if he wants.
The Audi dealer told him they were going to be discontinuing the R8, and it's such an awesome car, he thinks he'll probably buy it when the three years are up. "It's a lot of fun," Tom said. "I guess Covid might have been a good thing that happened to me because it really changed my perspective on some things. I need to enjoy life, live more, work harder, and help more people live a fulfilling life because tomorrow is never promised. All you have is the present moment and today."
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We are pleased to be invited to comment on these proposals. While we welcome the 22% drop in specific budgeted costs for deposits, we are concerned by the overall increase in the proposed management expenses budget for 2017/18 of £1.847 million (2.74%) over last year. This, we are told, is due to the increased outsourced claims handling costs caused by projected higher volumes of complex claims. Missing from the MELL proposals are concrete plans to reduce these increased costs.
The continuing lack of detail about the "strategic change portfolio" is a concern. But we are pleased to note that 2017/ 18's budget of £9 million is £1million less than the previous year's budget. The MELL proposals says that £4.4 million of 2017/ 18's budget is allocated to regular maintenance and upgrades and £4.6 million to specific projects. There is little other detail on what it is spent on, however. How much is on software, hardware, consultancy fees etc? Have IT systems been bought and not used? We are referred to the separate plan and budget document for information on the portfolio but that is vague in places.
The 2015/ 16 MELL paper said that FSCS was entering the third year of a five-year change programme. But in both 2012/ 13 and again in 2013/ 14 £6.3 million was budgeted for re-engineering processes. Furthermore, in 2010/ 11, expenditure on IT systems totalled £18 million. Curiously, there is no mention in the 2017/ 18 MELL consultation of the five-year change programme although the plan and budget document says the FSCS is more than halfway through its five-year strategy.
With such a long and expensive history of expenditure on strategic change, we were disappointed the FSCS forecasts only £0.4 million this year of efficiency savings from improved processes. Within three to four years, the FSCS expects annual savings on like-for-like claim volumes to total approximately £5 million as a result of the recent investment. A definition of "recent" and information on how the £5 million saving is going to be achieved and measured would be helpful.
Finally, the FSCS has indicated that there may be reprioritisation within the strategic change portfolio during the course of the year. Once again, some explanation on how changing priorities are identified, challenged and actioned would have been useful.


The urge for Jos to explore new worlds and to go beyond his frontiers brought him to unusual professional sidetracks. One experience showed him the way to go. In 1983 whilst visiting Bogota, Colombia. Jos stayed with a Goldsmith who taught him some simple techniques. During a short absence of his host, he took the opportunity to work on some assignments on the goldsmith's bench. In the early morning he started to work with utmost concentration. As Jos began to feel the first pangs of hunger, he took off to grab some lunch at a nearby sandwich bar, only to find out it had been past 18.00 o'clock in the evening and the shops were closed …This turned out to be a life changing event. For Jos the pieces of the puzzle seemed to have fallen into place: he was to become a goldsmith.
Jos entered the highly recommended school of TNA in Antwerp, Belgium. At "Arts et Metiers" in Brussels he learned to set diamonds. Jos established his own shop in 1992 in Berlicum after an apprenticeship in various workshops in Belgium and the Netherlands. In 2009 he moved to 's-Hertogenbosch. In his shop you will experience a pleasant atmosphere that reflects his on-going drive to surpass himself, his traditional craftsmanship and his interest in high-tech tools.
Jos is an emphatic person enabling him to translate your personal wish into a design of a piece of jewellery which will match your character.
Most of his handmade pieces are unique and of timeless design. Inspired by nature, art deco or philosophy. They are made with the highest degree of craftsmanship and elegance Most of the new designs emerge from the conversations he will have with you; the customer. Sometimes it takes no more than a picture of a flower, the choice of a precious stone or a symbolic theme emerging from your story. Then a first sketch is made which you can still adjust to your liking. Once the concept is clear, an informal price-offer is made, normally with a 10% margin. Only after your approval and a definite agreement we will start working . During that process it is still possible to try on, consult and adjust. In the same way, heirlooms that are not to your liking anymore can be transformed into jewellery you will want to wear forever.


Compagno, L.J.V. (1984). FAO Species Catalogue No. 4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 1. Hexanchiformes to Lamniformes. FAO Fish. Synop. (125) Vol 4, Part 1. 246 pp. FAO, Rome.
White, W.T. (2012) A redescription of Carcharhinus dussumieri and C. sealei, with resurrection of C. coatesi and C. tjutjot as valid species (Chondrichthyes: Carcharhinidae).: Zootaxa 3241:1-34.


The Fairness Project worked with Raise Up Washington on a ballot initiative to gradually raise the minimum wage for workers age 18 and over from $9.47 an hour in 2016 to $13.50 an hour in 2020 for 1 million Washingtonians. The initiative also provides paid sick leave for 1 million workers. After 2020, the wage will be adjusted to keep pace with the cost of living. Initiative 1433 was voted into law Nov. 8, 2016 by a margin of 58%-42%.


Multimedia artists use their technical and creative skills to produce graphic designs, animated projects, text, images, and videos. They typically work for creative firms, production studios, publishing companies, web design companies, game design studios, and other similar environments. Many multimedia artists are self-employed, so they might work for an assortment of clients and in many different roles.
In addition to the areas listed above, Pennsylvania-based multimedia artists may work in education, the medical field, law, engineering or technology. Because Pennsylvania offers a unique selection of employment options, The Keystone State is a great place for aspiring multimedia artists to start a career. Pennsylvania is also an excellent place to study and live. For starters, the cost of living in Pennsylvania is nearly four percent less than the national average. Next, Pennsylvania is home to 262 colleges and universities many of them offer excellent programs for aspiring artists and designers of all kinds—including multimedia artists.
Just a few top art and design schools in the state include Pennsylvania College of Art & Design (PCA&D), The University of the Arts, Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts (PAFA), and Moore College of Art and Design. Continue reading to find out which Pennsylvania schools offer programs for multimedia artists and where to find them.
Pennsylvania is home to 61 public schools, 118 private not-for-profit, and 83 for-profit. While the state's private schools cost more than the public schools, all are Title IV, which makes them eligible for federal financial aid programs. Continue reading to learn more about Pennsylvania's best options for aspiring multimedia artists, and what they have to offer.
The Bureau of Labor Statistics combines animators and multimedia artists into a single group. Pennsylvania is home to 510 animators and multimedia artists. They average $59,290 per year, down slightly from $60,160 in 2013, when the state was home to 480 salaried animators. Nationwide, animators and multimedia artists average $63,630 (median) up from $61,370 (median) in 2013. In 2013, the U.S. was home to 29,270 animators and multimedia artists. Today the population is 29,000. Although the population decreased slightly, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, employment growth is expected to hover around six percent for the 2012-2022 decade and some industries will fare better than others will.
There are more than 1,000 computer systems design firms in the State of Pennsylvania. This means, opportunities for multimedia artists that would like to work in the tech sector are plentiful in the state. Although opportunities in the top industries for multimedia artists and animators can be found in a number of cities across the state, major cities typically offer more opportunities. Pennsylvania's top five largest cities are Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Allentown, Erie, and Reading.


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CAA submits complaint to Bar Standards Board against barrister over tweet asserting "Zionism is a kind of racism"
Campaign Against Antisemitism has submitted a complaint to the Bar Standards Board against a barrister over a tweet asserting that "Zionism is a kind of racism".
Franck Magennis is a barrister at Garden Court Chambers in London.
At 21:35 on 17th December 2020, Mr Magennis apparently tweeted from the Twitter handle @FranckMagennis that: "Zionism is a kind of racism. It is essentially colonial. It has manifested in an apartheid regime calling itself 'the Jewish state' that dominates non-Jews, and particularly Palestinians. You can't practice anti-racism at the same time as identifying with, or supporting, Zionism."
His profile on the Chambers' website describes him as "an expert on the Palestinian struggle for emancipation from Israeli apartheid and occupation".
According to the International Definition of Antisemitism, "denying the Jewish people their right to self-determination (e.g. by claiming that the existence of a State of Israel is a racist endeavour)" is an example of antisemitism.
Furthermore, by asserting that "You can't practice [sic] anti-racism at the same time as identifying with, or supporting, Zionism," Mr Magennis has besmirched British Jews and the Jewish community, over 90% of which identifies as Zionist according to polls.
Campaign Against Antisemitism has written to the Bar Standards Board to investigate Mr Magennis over the tweet, on the grounds that it breaches the standards expected of barristers and damages trust and confidence in the profession.
Zionism is a kind of racism. It is essentially colonial. It has manifested in an apartheid regime calling itself "the Jewish state" that dominates non-Jews, and particularly Palestinians.
You can't practice anti-racism at the same time as identifying with, or supporting, Zionism
— Franck Magennis (@FranckMagennis) December 17, 2020
Labour Party fulfils first task under Action Plan with discrete Antisemitism... French Government spokesperson receives letter filled with antisemitic thre...


FFVII: Crisis Core allows you to play Zack, Cloud's counter-part from FFVII and this game's hero. Of course Aerith, Cloud, and Sephiroth make appearences as well. Battle in real-time and come face-to-face with such legendary summons as Ifrit and Bahamut.


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Top 5 shows about social media at the Edinburgh Festival Fringe 2013
Heather McDaid
Featuring David Schneider, Lee Kern, Timeline and Caught In The Net
David Schneider: Is the Internet Making Us More Stupider?
The question of the internet affecting people negatively isn't a new one, but it's one David Schneider looks to tackle head on. Attempting to justify his wasted hours on social networking sites, he looks at his map of Twitter, from dull tweets to Beliebers, trolls to parody accounts and Stephen Fry. Whether or not they can be justified is to be seen, but he'll give it a fair go.
The Assembly Rooms, 693 3008, 19 Aug, 12.30pm, £10.
Lee Kern: Bitter Twitter
As creator of Channel 4's Celebrity Bedlam, Kern is no stranger to mocking celebrities. His new show takes this in a new direction, targeting Twitter as his source. Aiming to invade the cliques in which these celebrities run in with his quick wit, this is a show for anyone who has an interest in Twitter, or anyone who thinks it's a pile of nonsense. So, basically anyone.
Gilded Balloon, 622 6552, 31 Jul–2 Aug (not 12), 8.15pm, £9–£9.50 (£5 previews).
Hashtag #DoubleStandards – Twitter on Trial
The fun side of Twitter is easy enough to see, but there is a fine line between what gets a laugh and what gets a law suit. Hosting an event to clear this up from a legal perspective, bto Solicitors bring in law expert Paul Motion to give a clearer idea of what is okay and what, in their words, gets 'you directly to jail without passing Go'.
Fringe Central , 226 0000, 20 Aug, 10.30am, free.
A piece of comic theatre with a simple twist, TwoBox Productions brings a show based on actual interactions between young people on social media platforms. The company look to capture emotion in a genuine way, with exam stress, love, friendship and genuine stories at the core, everything performed is taken from real life events as shown discussed online.
Greenside, 226 0000, 2–24 August (not 11, 18), 6.30pm, £8.50.
Caught In The Net
Winner of the 2013 ESET Cybersmart Awards, Caught In The Net is a theatre production surrounding safety online, for both young and old. With social media being integral to many issues of privacy, identity theft and fraudulent social networking, the production is set to show people what really goes on behind the web by exploring these ideas.
Edinburgh Academy, 226 0000, 5pm, £10 (£8).


It is the $10,000 question. In fact, there are two ways. Either you do it yourself or you entrust the design and remodeling to an expert just like you would for any room in your house.
Since 2006, we have designed and customized hundreds of residential garages. Numerous remodelling were profiled over the years, independently of each other, and all types of resident owners looking for the Holy Grail of residential garage remodelling. Here are the four major types: Read more!
With the arrival of 2013, we begin our sixth year of operation as custom residential garage designer.
The popularity of epoxy as a solution for residential garage floor covering, with its resistance to abrasives and most chemical products, continues unabated over the years. This two chemical components product has been mainly used in industrial, commercial and institutional environments wherever a seamless flooring sealed to the edges is needed. It is often not necessary to apply more than one coat or two of epoxy in these contexts to obtain a suitable floor covering. On the other hand, in the environment of the residential garage we opted for a three-coat 100% solid epoxy with complete color flakes saturation to offer you the greatest possible resistance as your vehicles have very little leeway and run essentially in the same place. We have called this finish Espazzo to make a nod to the famous terrazzo.
Perhaps no part of the home is more valued today than the garage. From sheltering vehicles safely from weather to storing household items, sports equipments, gardening tools and other seasonal accessories. But the history of the residential garage is an up-and-down one, since its conversion from the stable and carriage house days.
If you thing you could benefit from online visual tools to help communicate your aesthetic desires, visit Houzz — the leading online platform for home remodeling and design, providing everything you need to improve your home from start to finish – online or from a mobile device. From building a custom home or remodeling a garage, Houzz connects together millions of homeowners, home design enthusiasts and home improvement professionals. With the largest residential design database in the world and a vibrant community powered by social tools, Houzz is the easiest way for you to get the design inspiration, project advice, product information and professional reviews you need to help turn your ideas into reality.
What does a project cost ?
In an article published in the Maison section of La Presse (www.lapresse.ca/maison Montreal, Saturday, November 24th, 2012) under the title "The secrets of a successful project" ("Les secrets d'un projet réussi."), journalist Lucie Lavigne delves into the secrets of residential renovations by calling upon three experts: an architect, a general contractor and an architect/contractor. All three agree that a well executed project costs between $175 and $200 per livable square foot, including labour and material costs, sanitary installations and custom-made built-in furniture/storage; but excluding taxes, designer's and structural engineer's fees and the cost of major appliances.


Domain.com is a world leader in web hosting and domain registration, providing VPS hosting, web design, email, online marketing and SSL certificates. When you use Domain.com, you have control over your domains. Domain.com's products and services are affordable, and you can save on your order when you use your Valpak.com Domain.com coupon code.
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We've been staying at Sheraton (SPG hotel) for almost 2 years. Aside from the points we accumulate every night, we get an additional 500 points every day for registering at SPG's Green Choice Program. Basically, when you opt for a Green Choice, you will not have housekeeping for that day which is a very good deal if you're low-maintenance like us. You can get a maximum of 4 straight nights with Green Choice (last year it was only 3). So, that's an additional of 6 x 500 = 3,000 points every week for us.
The SPG points are transferable to our Aeroplan miles. 1 SPG point = 1 Aeroplan mile.
Plus, for every 20,000 SPG points you transfer to Aeroplan, you get an additional 5,000 miles!
Through our accumulated points, we finally had the chance to ride in business class and first class. We only had to pay for the tax which is really, really awesome.
Watch out for hotel and airmiles promo as I will be posting the current promos we're participating in.
If you have tips on how we can maximize our miles and hotel points, please leave a comment below!
Great info – I have always dreamed of first class 🙂 I collect airmails (and have had several free trips from Canada to Europe), but I feel like the program has gone downhill in the last few years with all of the changes they have made. Plus booking hotels through them is never the most economical route.
Thank you! 🙂 How do you collect airmails? I'd love to check that out. Yeah, there are added fees if you do not book from the hotels directly.
There are several different airmiles programs throughout the world, I believe. I am from Canada and I know the Canadian program is much different from the American one. I am not sure where you are from, but if you are from Canada, I always found the quickest way to collect airmiles was from Safeway and BMO. Safeway will often have deals, such as buy two of a product and receive 100 bonus miles.
Oh, airmiles, I thought airmails. 🙂 That's good to know, I'm here in Canada also. Thank you for the helpful info!


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Firm Videos
James S. Bostwick
Erik L. Peterson
Blake Bostwick
No Recovery, No Fee 951-435-8229
11801 Pierce Street,
All Birth InjuriesBrain InjuriesCerebral PalsyEmergency Room ErrorsMedical MalpracticeMisdiagnosis / Failure to DiagnosePersonal InjurySpinal Cord Injuries
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Record-Setting
Personal Injury, Brain Injury, Auto/Truck Accident Largest California non-punitive verdict for a single individual (San Francisco County, Zivic v. Winterland).
Largest California non-punitive verdict for single individual, including interest and costs, Zivic v. Winterland 2001. Involved auto/truck accident with claimed brake failure defense. We recently tried an interesting case in San Francisco County ...
Medical Malpractice, Birth Injury, Brain Injury, Sepsis, Medication Error Settlement for a brain-injured baby.
This is believed to be the largest medical malpractice recovery, either by settlement or jury verdict, for a medical malpractice case in California history. In this case, our client developed a routine infection during pregnancy that wasn't treated ...
Medical Malpractice, Brain Injury, Neonatal Injury, Surgical Injury Surgery error on a 3-day old child resulted in brain injuries.
This case involved a 3-day old child with a medical condition that the defendant decided needed surgery. Laparoscopic surgery was performed at a major California university hospital. The needle that was used to insufflate the child's abdomen was ...
Medical Malpractice, Brain Injury, Birth Injury, Cerebral Palsy Birth injury resulted in Cerebral Palsy. This settlement is a state record.
The defendants failed to monitor a fetus during critical times before the birth and when they did resume monitoring the child was found to be in distress. The baby suffered a profound brain injury resulting in cerebral palsy and will require 24-hour ...
Medical Malpractice, Neonatal Injury, Failure to Diagnose Neonatal blindness injuries to premature triplets after failure to diagnose the condition in a timely manner.
This case involved neonatal blindness injuries to premature triplets from retinopathy of prematurity. Retinopathy of prematurity can be treated if timely diagnosed and is a common problem in premature infants. We contended that the hospital, ...
Medical Malpractice, Birth Injury, Cerebral Palsy, Brain Injury Record settlement for a birth injury case in that state.
Our birth injury specialists settled a case for $10,000,000 for birth injuries to a child. We contended the attending doctors failed to promptly deliver the child when fetal monitoring showed potential problems. The child is a spastic quadriplegic, ...
Medical Malpractice, Cardiac Misdiagnosis, Failure to Diagnose, Wrongful Death This case against UCSF Medical Center was the largest medical malpractice settlement for a death in California history in 2002.
Our wrongful death attorneys in San Francisco settled a case involving the death of an athletic 38-year-old executive, who stopped at a UCSF clinic at the airport complaining of chest "tightness". The EKG was normal; there were no cardiac risk ...
Medical Malpractice, Sepsis, Amputation Failure to treat sepsis and excessive medication led to the loss of limbs. This is a record-setting result in the state.
This case involved a 25-year old woman who developed MRSA pneumonia and then became septic. The defendants failed to diagnose and treat her sepsis promptly. When they did treat the sepsis, an excessive administration of medication intended to improve ...
Medical Malpractice, Sepsis, Amputation Record settlement for amputation of multiple limbs.
We resolved a case involving a jail inmate who had a skin infection and was not promptly sent for emergency care by the corrections facility personnel. He developed septic shock and suffered multiple amputations of hands and feet. This was a record ...
Medical Malpractice, Sepsis, Amputation Failure to diagnose sepsis in the ER resulted in the loss of arms and legs. This was a record-setting result at the time.
This particular case involved a 40-year old woman who had pyelonephritis (a kidney infection) and developed sepsis because it was not properly diagnosed and treated in the ER. As a result, she lost both legs below the knees and both arms below the ...
Medical Malpractice, Birth Injury, Cerebral Palsy, Brain Injury Record trial judgment for improper use of vacuum extraction and failure to timely deliver a baby (1985).
Our birth injury lawyers tried a case against the United States government in the Federal District Court of Hawaii. It was our contention that the child had been injured at birth because of improper management of the labor process. The defendants ...
Medical Malpractice, Stroke, Failure to Diagnose, Brain Injury A 30-year-old woman with a brain aneurysm suffered a stroke after the ER failed to order a CT scan.
Medical Malpractice, Failure to Diagnose, Amputation Failure to diagnose a devastating infection (Necrotizing Fasciitis) in a middle-aged woman.
Medical Malpractice, Sepsis, Emergency Room Error, Amputation Sepsis not treated promptly led to the loss of hands and legs.
Medical Malpractice, Brain Injury, Surgical Error, Stroke Injury Record settlement in 1985 for 16-year-old who went into a coma during knee surgery (Oklahoma).
We represented a 16-year-old teenager who was brain-injured as the result of poor anesthetic technique during a knee operation. The highest judgment or settlement in Oklahoma state history prior to this case was $2.2 million. We settled this case ...
Medical Malpractice, Brain Injury, Stroke Injury A 58-year-old woman suffered a brain hemorrhage caused by a cerebral aneurysm.
Medical Malpractice, Neonatal/Birth Injury, Cerebral Palsy, Brain Injury Record settlement for a neonatal/birth injury in this Western state. The baby suffered severe spastic quadriparesis and relatively retained cognitive ability.
This child was found not breathing by a nurse and a code was called for resuscitation during which bilateral ruptured lungs were missed. The defendants contended that damage was done in an early apneic episode while the baby was in the mother's hands ...
Medical Malpractice, Brain Injury, Stroke Injury Record result for 65-year-old woman with cerebral aneurysm resulting in significant brain injuries.
Our brain injury lawyers represented a 65-year-old woman who was found to have a cerebral aneurysm. While the aneurysm was being treated it ruptured causing her significant brain injuries. Her injuries included quadraparesis and moderate to severe ...
Personal Injury, Product Liability, Brain Injury This was the largest product liability settlement for an ambulatory brain-injured child in California at that time.
A child was rendered partially blind, partially paralyzed, and brain-damaged from cardiac arrest during surgery for the repair of a urological problem. We contended that the anesthesia machine used during the surgery malfunctioned due to faulty ...
Medical Malpractice, Brain Injury, Spinal Cord Injury Largest jury verdict in the world in 1978.
This San Francisco case involved an 18-year-old woman who had been rendered quadriplegic during radiation treatment for cancer she had suffered as a child (Necochea v. UCSF and Mt. Zion Hospital ). This was an extremely difficult liability case ...
Medical Malpractice, Surgical Error Failure to check blood type and kidney transplant rejected, resulting in life-time dialysis.
Medical Malpractice, Birth Injury, Cerebral Palsy, Brain Injury Birth injury record settlement in Mid-America.
We settled this confidential case in a mid-western state for a record amount. The child suffered cerebral palsy as a result of fetal distress (non-reassuring fetal monitoring strips) which was not intervened upon until too late. The child was born ...
Medical Malpractice, Birth Injury, Cerebral Palsy, Brain Injury California birth injury record settlement at the time.
A child suffered cerebral palsy and our birth injury team resolved the case for a record amount in California.
Personal Injury, Legal Malpractice, Spinal Cord Injury San Francisco record legal malpractice verdict for failure to identify medical malpractice case for 32-year-old C-6 quadriplegic
We handled a legal and underlying medical malpractice case against Melvin Belli Esq., wherein we represented a thirty-two-year-old man who had been paralyzed in an automobile accident when he was sixteen years old. Belli had represented the young man ...
Medical Malpractice, Birth Injury, Cerebral Palsy, Brain Injury Settlement for a birth injury resulting in cerebral palsy requiring 24-hour care.
Medical Malpractice, Brain Injury, Emergency Room Error Settlement for brain infarcts caused by epinephrine overdose during emergency treatment for respiratory crisis (Hawaii).
Brain infarcts caused by epinephrine overdose during emergency treatment for a respiratory crisis.
Legal Malpractice, Auto Accident, Product Liability, Personal Injury Failure to advise the risks of rejecting an offer of settlement before a defense verdict in trial resulted in a settlement for the amount the plaintiff's would have received had they settled. This case involved an auto accident explosion.
Medical Malpractice, Emergency Room Error, Stroke Injury, Brain injury Failure to diagnose evolving stroke causing severe brain injury.
Medical Malpractice, Failure to Diagnose, Brain Injury Verdict for failure to diagnose meningitis in a child.
Medical Malpractice, Neonatal Injury, Brain Injury Record settlement in California at the time for a brain injury to a child
Our neonatal and birth injury lawyers in California represented a child who was brain injured shortly after her birth where the hospital personnel failed to note symptoms and treat a child suffering from hyperbilirubinemia. This resulted in a ...
Medical Malpractice, Birth Injury, Cerebral Palsy, Brain Injury Highest birth injury settlement in a state's history for delayed emergency C-Section.
Our birth injury lawyers handled this case in a middle American state west of the Mississippi. This was believed to be the highest birth injury settlement in the state's history. The case was settled for the full policy limits of the physician.
Medical Malpractice, Failure to Diagnose, Brain Injury PICC line caused brain injury to a premature infant.
Personal Injury, Wrongful Death, Motorcycle Accident Record settlement for the death of a 14-year-old child.
We represented the parents of a 14-year-old girl who was killed at her bible camp when the ATV she was riding overturned. We sued the church that owned the camp for the negligence of the 20-year-old camp counselor operating the vehicle. Our research ...
Personal Injury, Product Liability Product liability settlement for a swimming pool malfunction.
Medical Malpractice, Birth Injury, Cerebral Palsy, Brain Injury Confidential birth injury settlement in a Mid-Western state for a child with cerebral palsy due to failure to recognize fetal distress (non-reassuring signs) during labor.
Medical Malpractice, Brain Injury Mother sustained a brain injury during labor and delivery.
Medical Malpractice, Product Liability, Spinal Cord Injury Settlement for an auto roll-over and failure to treat cervical spine fracture.
Medical Malpractice, Birth Injury, Cerebral Palsy, Brain Injury This was the largest medical malpractice birth injury pre-trial settlement in California history as of 1999.
Medical Malpractice, Brain Injury, Meningitis Trial judgment for brain injury to an infant when Kaiser failed to diagnose and properly treat meningitis in a four-year-old child.
Medical Malpractice, Birth Injury, Cerebral Palsy, Brain Injury Our birth injury lawyers in San Francisco tried a case involving failure to timely recognize fetal distress and promptly deliver the baby causing brain injury.
Medical Malpractice, Spinal Cord Injury Settlement for failure to diagnose vertebral artery injury in an accident victim, resulting in C-4 quadriplegia.
Medical Malpractice, Birth Injury, Cerebral Palsy, Brain Injury Our birth injury lawyers in San Francisco tried a case involving failure to recognize fetal distress and promptly deliver a baby causing brain injury.
Personal Injury, Product Liability Settlement for intestinal injury to a child caught in defectively designed wading pool vacuum system.
Medical Malpractice, Cardiac Misdiagnosis, Wrongful Death Failure to diagnose a pending heart attack.
Medical Malpractice, Birth Injury, Cerebral Palsy, Brain Injury Settlement involving an infant who suffered from cerebral palsy after a delay in delivery despite multiple warning signs during labor and delivery.
Medical Malpractice, Birth and Neonatal Injury, Brain Injury Overdose of medication to an infant child during hospital care resulted in brain injury.
Medical Malpractice, Birth Injury, Brain Injury Our birth injury lawyers in San Francisco tried a case involving improper use of forceps in delivery causing brain injury.
Medical Malpractice, Wrongful Birth/Genetic Malpractice Laboratory error resulted in the birth of a child with Cystic Fibrosis.
Medical Malpractice, Birth Injury, Cerebral Palsy, Brain Injury Our birth injury lawyers in San Francisco tried a case involving failure to deliver in a timely manner causing brain injury.
Medical Malpractice, Failure to Diagnose, Brain Injury Settlement for motorcyclist diagnosed with Vertebral Artery Dissections.
Plaintiff was injured in an off road motorcycle accident and was admitted to an emergency hospital for evaluation and observation. Over the next 24 hours, he gradually had increasing symptoms involving changes in sensation and decreased motor ...
Medical Malpractice, Cardiac Misdiagnosis, Wrongful Death Our wrongful death attorneys in San Francisco garnered a settlement for failure to diagnose an impending heart attack in a 32-year-old father, runner, and insurance executive.
Medical Malpractice, Brain Injury, Stroke Injury A settlement against UCSF Medical Center for improper treatment of a brain malformation in a woman in her 50's.
Medical Malpractice, Brain Injury Settlement against HMO emergency room for failure to report repeated abuse to a child, which eventually resulted in a mild brain injury.
Medical Malpractice, Failure to Diagnose, Stroke, Emergency Room Error, Brain Injury Our middle-aged client was taken to the emergency room with paralysis on one side of her body.
Medical Malpractice, Stroke, Failure to Diagnose, Brain Injury Verdict and settlement for stroke resulting in hemiplegia, caused by failure to diagnose hypercoagulability in 40-year-old carpenter.
Medical Malpractice, Birth Injury, Brain Injury Our birth injury lawyers in San Francisco tried a case involving shoulder dystocia resulting in brain injury.
Medical Malpractice, Birth Injury, Brain Injury Our birth injury lawyers in San Francisco tried a case involving malpractice by a nurse-midwife and hospital nurses, resulting in brain injury.
Personal Injury, Wrongful Death, Premises Liability Settlement for a woman who was tragically killed when the external staircase leading to her apartment collapsed.
Medical Malpractice, Cardiac Misdiagnosis, Wrongful Death
Failure to diagnose fatal arrhythmia condition in 32-year-old ophthalmologist.
Medical Malpractice, Meningitis, Failure to Diagnose, Brain Injury Confidential settlement for failure to diagnose and treat meningitis in a one-year-old child.
Medical Malpractice, Neonatal Injury, Brain Injury Our birth injury lawyers in San Francisco tried a case wherein a physician failed to properly treat premature birth complications shortly after birth, resulting in brain injury.
Medical Malpractice, Brain Injury, Surgical Errors Settlement for a 55-year-old woman who suffered a severe brain injury after undergoing eye surgery.
Personal Injury, Brain Injury Case against child protective services for the brain injury to three-year-old attacked by foster mother after several previous episodes went unheeded by county personnel.
Medical Malpractice, Brain Injury, Failure to Diagnose Confidential settlement for quadriplegic brain damage injuries to a 20 day-old child from hyperbilirubinemia.
Medical Malpractice, Birth Injury, Brain Injury Our birth injury lawyers in San Francisco tried a case involving failure to diagnose hydrocephalus in a 22-week fetus, resulting in the birth of a brain-damaged baby. (Parents can only collect for the cost of future care in such cases).
Medical Malpractice, Stroke, Brain Injury Settlement for the improper treatment of cerebellar hemangioblastoma, resulting in a stroke to the brain stem and paralysis of a 65-year-old man.
Medical Malpractice, Wrongful Death, Surgical Error Improperly performed angioplasty (heart stenting procedure), causing the death of a 48-year-old man.
Medical Malpractice, Failure to Diagnose Cancer Failure to perform a colonoscopy led to stage 4 colorectal cancer.
Medical Malpractice, Failure to Diagnose, Wrongful Death Failure to diagnose breast cancer in a young woman.
Medical Malpractice, Neonatal Injury Settlement for the failure to treat eye problems in a newborn which resulted in blindness.
Personal Injury, Product Liability, Brain Injury Full policy limits of homeowner insurance for the brain injury of a two-year-old who fell in a pool that was not adequately fenced.
Medical Malpractice, Wrongful Death, Surgical Error Policy limits settlement for the death of a 45-year-old painter when their bladder was perforated during cancer surgery (Hawaii).
Medical Malpractice, Failure to Diagnose Failure to diagnose colon cancer in a 48-year-old dentist (policy limits).
Medical Malpractice, Wrongful Death Our wrongful death attorneys in San Francisco were able to obtain the policy limits available for the death of a 50-year-old man over-radiated for a brain tumor.
Personal Injury, Legal Malpractice Policy limits settlement where poor legal advice resulted in tax liability.
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