text:
16.05.010 Title.
16.05.020 Application.
16.05.030 Purpose.
16.05.040 Authority.
16.05.050 General – Requirements.
16.05.060 Definitions – Additional.
16.05.070 Designation of responsible official.
16.05.080 Lead agency – Determination and responsibilities.
16.05.090 Lead agency – Transfer to state agency.
16.05.100 Document schedule.
16.05.110 Categorical exemptions – Threshold determinations.
16.05.120 Use of exemptions.
16.05.130 Environmental checklist.
16.05.140 Mitigated DNS.
16.05.150 Environmental impact statements.
16.05.160 Preparation of EIS – Additional provisions.
16.05.170 Additional elements to be covered.
16.05.180 Commenting rules.
16.05.190 Public notice procedure – Notice of DNS, mitigated DNS, or DS.
16.05.200 Public notice procedure – Notice of DS scoping procedure.
16.05.210 Public notice procedure – Notice of DEIS and draft SEIS.
16.05.220 Public notice procedure – Content of notice.
16.05.230 Public notice procedure – Timing of notices.
16.05.240 Public notice procedure – Comment period.
16.05.250 Public notice procedure – Coordination of required notices.
16.05.260 Public notice procedure – Public notice costs.
16.05.270 Consulted agency – Official designated.
16.05.275 Public notice (WAC 173-806-132).
16.05.280 Use of existing and supplementing environmental documents and planned actions.
16.05.290 Planned actions.
16.05.300 SEPA and Agency decisions – Appeal.
16.05.310 Substantive authority – Conditions – Denial – Policies.
16.05.320 Agency SEPA appeal.
16.05.330 Categorical exemptions – Adoption by reference.
16.05.340 Agency compliance – Rules.
16.05.350 Environmentally critical areas and areas of special flood hazard.
16.05.360 Fees.
16.05.370 Forms – Adoption by reference.
This chapter shall be entitled "SEPA." [Ord. 1583 § 12, 2013.]
This chapter shall apply to legislative and other actions affecting the quality of the environment as set forth in chapter 43.21C RCW and chapter 197-11 WAC. [Ord. 1583 § 13, 2013.]
The purpose of this chapter is to implement chapter 43.21C RCW and the applicable Washington Administrative Code provisions. [Ord. 1583 § 14, 2013.]
The City adopts this chapter under the State Environmental Policy Act (SEPA), RCW 43.21C.120 and the SEPA rules, WAC 197-11-904. This chapter contains this City's SEPA procedures and policies. The SEPA rules, chapter 197-11 WAC, and chapter 43.21C RCW, must be used in conjunction with this chapter. [Ord. 1688 § 1, 2017: Ord. 1583 § 15, 2013.]
The City adopts by reference the definitions contained in WAC 197-11-040 through 197-11-268. [Ord. 1583 § 16, 2013.]
The City adopts by reference the definitions contained in WAC 197-11-700 through 197-11-799. In addition, the following definitions are adopted for this chapter:
"Advisory body" means a body established by ordinance of the City Council whose responsibilities include making recommendation to the City Council on actions subject to SEPA.
"Early notice" means the City's response to an applicant stating whether it considers issuance of a determination of significance likely for the applicant's proposal (mitigated determination of nonsignificance (DNS) procedures).
"Proponent" means an agency or private applicant proposing an action subject to SEPA. For purposes of agency contact the proponent means the contact person on the environmental checklist, or agency designated for that purpose by the agency or private applicant.
"SEPA rules" means chapter 197-11 WAC adopted by the State Department of Ecology. [Ord. 1583 § 17, 2013.]
(1) For those proposals for which the City is the lead agency, the responsible official shall be the Community Development Director.
(2) For all proposals for which the City is the lead agency, the responsible official shall make the threshold determination, supervise scoping and preparation of any required environmental impact statement (EIS), and perform any other functions assigned to the "lead agency" or "responsible official" in accordance with chapter 197-11 WAC.
(3) The City shall retain all documents required by the SEPA rules and make them available in accordance with chapter 42.56 RCW. [Ord. 1688 § 2, 2017: Ord. 1583 § 18, 2013.]
(1) The department within the City receiving an application for or initiating a proposal that involves a nonexempt action shall determine the lead agency for that proposal under WAC 197-11-050, 197-11-253, and 197-11-922 through 197-11-940; unless the lead agency has been previously determined or the department is aware that another agency is in the process of determining the lead agency.
(2) When the City is not the lead agency for a proposal, all departments of the City shall use and consider, as appropriate, either the DNS or the final EIS of the lead agency in making decisions on the proposal. The responsible official shall not prepare or require preparation of a DNS or EIS in addition to that prepared by the lead agency, unless required under WAC 197-11-600. In some cases, the City may conduct supplemental environmental review under WAC 197-11-600.
(3) If the City or any of its departments receives a lead agency determination made by another agency that appears inconsistent with the criteria of WAC 197-11-253 or 197-11-922 through 197-11-940, it may object to the determination. Any objection must be made to the agency originally making the determination and resolved within 15 days of receipt of the determination, or the City must petition the Department of Ecology for a lead agency determination under WAC 197-11-946 within the 15-day time period. Any such petition on behalf of the City shall be initiated by the responsible official.
(4) The responsible official is authorized to make agreements as to lead agency status or shared lead agency duties for a proposal under WAC 197-11-942 and 197-11-944; provided, that the responsible official and any department that will incur responsibilities as the result of such agreement approve the agreement.
(5) The responsible official making a lead agency determination for a private project shall require sufficient information from the applicant to identify which other agencies have jurisdiction over the proposal.
(6) When the City is the lead agency for a MTCA remedial action, the Department of Ecology shall be provided an opportunity under WAC 197-11-253(5) to review the environmental documents prior to the public notice being provided. If the SEPA and MTCA documents are issued together with one public comment period under WAC 197-11-253(6), the City shall decide jointly with Ecology which agency receives the comment letters and how copies of the comment letters will be distributed to the other agency. [Ord. 1583 § 19, 2013.]
For any proposal for a private project where the City would be the lead agency and for which one or more state agencies have jurisdiction, the City's responsible official may elect to transfer the lead agency to a state agency. The state agency with jurisdiction appearing first on the priority listing in WAC 197-11-936 shall be the lead agency and the City shall be an agency with jurisdiction. To transfer lead agency duties, the City's responsible official must transmit a notice of the transfer together with any relevant information available on the proposal to the appropriate state agency with jurisdiction. The responsible official of the City shall also give notice of the transfer to the private applicant and any other agencies with jurisdiction over the proposal. [Ord. 1583 § 20, 2013.]
For nonexempt proposals, the DNS or final EIS for the proposal shall accompany the City's staff recommendation. [Ord. 1583 § 21, 2013.]
The City adopts WAC 197-11-300 through 197-11-390 by reference as supplemented in this chapter. [Ord. 1583 § 21, 2013.]
(1) Each department within the City that receives an application for a license or, in the case of governmental proposals, the department initiating the proposal shall determine whether the license and/or the proposal is exempt. The department's determination that a proposal is exempt shall be final and not subject to administrative review. If a proposal is exempt, none of the procedural requirements of this chapter apply to the proposal. The City shall not require completion of an environmental checklist for an exempt proposal.
(2) In determining whether or not a proposal is exempt, the department shall make certain the proposal is properly defined and shall identify the governmental license required (WAC 197-11-060). If a proposal includes exempt and nonexempt actions, the department shall determine the lead agency, even if the license application that triggers the department's consideration is exempt.
(3) If a proposal includes both exempt and nonexempt actions, the City may authorize exempt actions prior to compliance with the procedural requirements of this chapter, except that:
(a) The City shall not give authorization for:
(i) Any nonexempt action;
(ii) Any action that would have an adverse environmental impact; or
(iii) Any action that would limit the choice of alternatives.
(b) The responsible official may withhold approval of an exempt action that would lead to modification of the physical environment, when such modification would serve no purpose if nonexempt action(s) were not approved; and
(c) The responsible official may withhold approval of exempt actions that would lead to substantial financial expenditures by a private applicant when the expenditures would serve no purpose if nonexempt action(s) were not approved. [Ord. 1583 § 22, 2013.]
(1) Except as provided in subsection (5) of this section, a completed environmental checklist in the form provided in WAC 197-11-960 shall be filed at the same time as an application for a permit, license, certificate, or other approval not exempted in this chapter; except, a checklist is not needed if the City and applicant agree an EIS is required, SEPA compliance has been completed, or SEPA compliance has been initiated by another agency. The City shall use the environmental checklist to determine the lead agency and for making the threshold determination.
(2) For private proposals, the City will require the applicant to complete the environmental checklist, providing assistance as necessary. For City proposals, the department initiating the proposal shall complete the environmental checklist for that proposal.
(3) The City may require that it, and not the private applicant, will complete all or part of the environmental checklist for a private proposal, if either of the following occurs:
(a) The City has technical information on a question or questions that is unavailable to the private applicant; or
(b) The applicant has provided inaccurate information on previous proposals or on proposals currently under consideration.
(4) The City may request that the applicant include supplemental studies with the environmental checklist if the responsible official determines that such studies are necessary to adequately assess the environmental impacts of a proposal. If mutually agreed to by the City and the applicant, supplemental studies may be contracted for directly by the City and funded by the applicant using the procedures set forth in DMMC 16.10.070, Special studies required.
(5) For projects submitted as planned actions under WAC 197-11-164, the City shall use its existing environmental checklist form or may modify the environmental checklist form as provided in WAC 197-11-315. The modified environmental checklist form may be prepared and adopted along with or as part of a planned action ordinance; or developed after the ordinance is adopted. In either case, a proposed modified environmental checklist form must be sent to the Department of Ecology to allow at least a 30-day review prior to use. [Ord. 1583 § 23, 2013.]
(1) As provided in this chapter and in WAC 197-11-350, the responsible official may issue a DNS based on conditions attached to the proposal by the responsible official or on changes to, or clarifications of, the proposal made by the applicant.
(2) An applicant may request in writing early notice of whether a DS is likely under WAC 197-11-350. The request must:
(a) Follow submission of a permit application and environmental checklist for a nonexempt proposal for which the department is lead agency; and
(b) Precede the City's actual threshold determination for the proposal.
(3) The responsible official should respond to the request for early notice within 15 working days. The response shall:
(a) Be written;
(b) State whether the City currently considers issuance of a DS likely and, if so, indicate the general or specific area(s) of concern that is/are leading the City to consider a DS; and
(c) State that the applicant may change or clarify the proposal to mitigate the indicated impacts revising the environmental checklist and/or permit application as necessary to reflect the changes or clarifications.
(4) As much as possible, the City should assist the applicant with identification of impacts to the extent necessary to formulate mitigation measures.
(5) When an applicant submits a changed or clarified proposal, along with a revised or amended environmental checklist, the City shall base its threshold determination on the changed or clarified proposal and should make the determination within 15 days of receiving the changed or clarified proposal:
(a) If the City indicated specific mitigation measures in its response to the request for early notice, and the applicant changed or clarified the proposal to include those specific mitigation measures, the City shall issue and circulate a DNS under WAC 197-11-340(2).
(b) If the City indicated areas of concern, but did not indicate specific mitigation measures that would allow it to issue a DNS, the City shall make the threshold determination, issuing a DNS or DS as appropriate.
(c) The applicant's proposed mitigation measures (clarifications, changes, or conditions) must be in writing and must be specific.
(d) Mitigation measures which justify issuance of a mitigated DNS may be incorporated in the DNS by reference to agency staff reports, studies or other documents.
(6) A mitigated DNS is issued under WAC 197-11-340(2), requiring a 14-day comment period and public notice, or WAC 197-11-355, which may require no additional comment period beyond the comment period on the notice of application.
(7) Mitigation measures incorporated in the mitigated DNS shall be deemed conditions of approval of the permit decision and may be enforced in the same manner as any term or condition of the permit, or enforced in any manner specifically prescribed by the City.
(8) If the City's tentative decision on a permit or approval does not include mitigation measures that were incorporated in a mitigated DNS for the proposal, the City should evaluate the threshold determination to assure consistency with WAC 197-11-340(3)(a) (withdrawal of DNS).
(9) The City's written response under subsection (3) of this section shall not be construed as a determination of significance. In addition, preliminary discussion of clarifications or changes to a proposal, as opposed to a written request for early notice, shall not bind the City to consider the clarifications or changes in its threshold determination. [Ord. 1583 § 24, 2013.]
The City adopts WAC 197-11-400 through 197-11-460 by reference, as supplemented by this chapter. [Ord. 1583 § 25, 2013.]
(1) Preparation and content of draft and final EISs (DEIS and FEIS), and draft and final supplemental EISs (SEIS) is the responsibility of the Planning, Building and Public Works Department under the direction of the responsible official. Before the City issues an EIS, the responsible official shall be satisfied that it complies with this chapter and chapter 197-11 WAC.
(2) The DEIS and FEIS or draft and final SEIS shall be the responsibility of City staff. The Planning, Building and Public Works Department shall contract with consultants as necessary for the preparation of an EIS. The cost of preparing an EIS shall be borne entirely by the applicant. If the responsible official requires an EIS for a proposal and determines that someone other than the City will prepare the EIS, the responsible official shall notify the applicant immediately after completion of the threshold determination. The responsible official shall notify the applicant of the City's procedure for EIS preparation, including approval of the DEIS and FEIS prior to distribution.
(3) Consultants or subconsultants selected by the City to prepare environmental documents for a private development proposal shall not:
(a) Act as agents for the applicant in preparation or acquisition of associated underlying permits; or
(b) Have a financial interest in the proposal for which the environmental document is being prepared; or
(c) Perform any work or provide any services for the applicant in connection with or related to the proposal; or
(d) Perform, contract for, or agree to perform any other work or provide any other services for the applicant while working on the environmental documents for the proposal.
(4) The Planning, Building and Public Works Department shall establish and maintain one or more lists of qualified consultants who are eligible to receive contracts for preparation of environmental documents. Separate lists may be maintained to reflect specialized qualifications or expertise. When the Planning, Building and Public Works Department requires consultant services to prepare an EIS, the applicant shall select two or three candidates from the appropriate consultant list(s) and submit the names of those candidates to the Planning, Building and Public Works Department for consideration to prepare the EIS. The Planning, Building and Public Works Department shall interview the candidate consultants, select the most qualified consultant and negotiate a contract for services. In the event that two or more of the candidate consultants are qualified to prepare the EIS, the Planning, Building and Public Works Department will negotiate with each consultant and select the consultant who can prepare the EIS at the lowest cost to the applicant. The Planning, Building and Public Works Director shall promulgate administrative rules that establish processes to:
(a) Create and maintain a qualified consultant list;
(b) Add consultants to the list; and
(c) Remove consultants from the list. [Ord. 1583 § 26, 2013.]
The following additional elements are part of the environment for the purpose of EIS content, but do not add to the criteria for threshold determinations or perform any other function or purpose under this chapter:
(1) Economy;
(2) Social policy analysis;
(3) Cost-benefit analysis. [Ord. 1583 § 27, 2013.]
The City adopts WAC 197-11-500 through 197-11-570 by reference, as supplemented in this chapter. [Ord. 1583 § 28, 2013.]
Whenever the City issues a DNS under WAC 197-11-340(2), a mitigated DNS under WAC 197-11-350(3), or a DS under WAC 197-11-360(3), the public notice of these actions shall be given as follows:
(1) Signs Required for Site-Specific Proposals. Applicants shall post one or more large signs on the subject property giving public notice of a proposed action as set forth in this subsection.
(a) Size. All signs shall be four feet by eight feet in size.
(i) Single-Family Residential Zone. All signs shall be two feet by four feet in size.
(ii) All Other Zones. All signs shall be four feet by eight feet in size.
(b) Number of Signs. One public notice sign shall be required per street frontage. In case of large parcels or street frontages exceeding 500 feet, the SEPA Official may require the posting of additional signs.
(c) Location. Signs shall be located on the site of the proposed action, set back at least 10 feet from a public right-of-way or private road or easement as applicable, and shall be situated to maximize readability by the public from public rights-of-way. A sign may be located within the 10-foot setback, if determined necessary by the SEPA Official to provide adequate visibility.
(d) Duration of Installation. Public notification signs shall be installed at the time the DNS, mitigated DNS, or DS is issued. Signage shall remain in place until the final decision on the underlying governmental action. Any required signage installed shall not be removed until the City has taken action on the application and the time for filing an appeal of that action has expired. If an application is denied, any required signage shall remain in place unless the applicant has informed the SEPA Official, in writing, of their intent not to appeal.
(e) Alternative Signage.
(i) Finding of Necessity. Upon a finding of necessity by the SEPA Official, the applicant may employ an alternative to the large sign requirement. Ten signs of a dimension of 11 inches by 17 inches may be posted within 300 feet of the site and at the closest street intersections, subject to the consent of any affected property owner, when one or more of the following conditions exist and the intent of this section is met:
(A) The applicant is not the property owner, and the property owner does not consent to the proposal.
(B) The site is subject to physical characteristics such as steep slopes, wetlands, submerged lands, or thick vegetation, or is located such that the large sign would not be highly visible to neighboring residents and property owners or interested citizens.
(ii) Small Sign Discretion. The SEPA Official is further granted discretion to permit one or more signs of a dimension of 11 inches by 17 inches as an alternative to the large sign requirement when the following conditions exist and the intent of this section is met:
(A) Where, in the opinion of the SEPA Official, the project is of a substantially minor nature; and
(B) In the opinion of the SEPA Official, adequate public notice would be rendered by employment of one or more signs of a dimension of 11 inches by 17 inches as an alternative to the large sign requirement.
(f) Additional Signage May Be Required. The SEPA Official may require both large signs and the alternative posting measures described in subsection (1)(e) of this section, or may require that more than one large sign be posted, when necessary to assure that notice is clearly visible to the public.
(g) Affidavit of Certification – Signage. The applicant shall file an affidavit of certification-signage with the SEPA Official stating that the signs as required by this subsection were installed on the subject property. The affidavit shall be in a form prescribed by the SEPA Official. The affidavit of certification-signage shall be filed not less than 14 days prior to either the date of any scheduled hearing or the date by which the public may submit comments on the application, whichever is sooner. If the affidavit is not filed as required in this subsection, any scheduled hearing, or date by which the public may comment on the application, shall be postponed or extended in order to comply with this section.
(h) Removal of Signs. In any event, any required signage must be removed by the applicant within seven days following the last day that an appeal of the action could be filed. If not so removed by the applicant, any required signage shall be removed by the City at the applicant's expense. By filing an application subject to the provisions of this section, the applicant consents to City personnel going upon the applicant's property for the purpose of removing any signage required by this section.
(i) Cash Deposit. The amount of $100.00 shall be deposited by the applicant upon filing of any of the applications specified in this section to assure removal of any required signage in accordance with this subsection. This deposit shall be refunded if signs are timely removed in accordance with this subsection. If signs are not so removed, such deposit shall be forfeited to the City and shall be used to cover the expenses of removal by the City.
(j) Sign Code Exemption. Any required signage is exempt from the requirements of the sign code, chapter 18.200 DMMC.
(k) Design Requirements. The SEPA Official shall specify detailed design requirements for any required signage, including materials, stroke width, lettering, color, format, and other design characteristics.
(2) Bulletin Boards. Notice shall be posted by the City at the official City posting places and on the indoor bulletin boards at the City Planning, Engineering, and Public Works building.
(3) Interested Groups. The City shall notify in writing public agencies, private groups, or individuals who have expressed interest in a certain project.
(4) Newspaper. Notice shall be published in the official City newspaper.
(5) Property Owners and Occupants/Tenants. For site-specific proposals, the City shall notify in writing all property owners and occupants/tenants within a 300-foot radius of the exterior boundaries of the subject property of the project proposal. If any portion of an apartment or condominium complex lies within the 300-foot radius, all occupants/tenants and property owners shall be given public notice. The applicant shall provide the SEPA Official with a complete list of the names, parcel numbers, and taxpayers' mailing addresses as shown in the records of the King County Assessor to within 45 days of initial application submittal of all such properties and mailing addresses for all occupants/tenants, certifying the same as a full and complete list under penalty of perjury. Occupants/tenants shall be addressed as "Occupant/Tenant" and by unit in a multiple-unit building but need not be identified by name. Property owners shall be identified by name. The form and wording of the written notice shall be prescribed by the SEPA Official. The mailing labels submitted to the City shall only be valid for 180 days from the date of notification of complete application issued by the City as required by chapter 18.20 DMMC. Once the 180 days have passed, the applicant shall be required to submit new mailing labels based on the records of the King County Assessor at that time. The SEPA Official shall provide the applicant with City envelopes. Thereafter, it shall be the responsibility of the applicant to insert the written notices, and address envelopes with the correct mailing address, stamp, and seal the envelopes and return them to the SEPA Official. The applicant shall be responsible for payment of all costs connected with such notice, including but not limited to postage, envelopes, letterhead, and notice reproduction. [Ord. 1583 § 29, 2013.]
Whenever the City issues a DS under WAC 197-11-360(3), notice of the scoping procedure for the proposal as required in WAC 197-11-408 shall be given in the manner of public notice required by DMMC 16.05.190. [Ord. 1583 § 30, 2013.]
Whenever the City issues a DEIS under WAC 197-11-455(5) or a draft SEIS under WAC 197-11-620, notice of these documents and their availability shall be given as follows:
(1) Public Hearings. Any required public hearing notice shall indicate the availability of the DEIS or the SEIS.
(2) No Public Hearing. For applications not requiring a public hearing, the following public notice requirements shall apply:
(a) Posting notice in accordance with DMMC 16.05.190(2);
(b) Notifying interested groups and agency mailing lists in accordance with DMMC 16.05.190(3);
(c) Publishing notice in the official City newspaper in accordance with DMMC 16.05.190(4); and
(d) Notifying property owners and occupants/tenants in accordance with DMMC 16.05.190(5). [Ord. 1583 § 31, 2013.]
The public notice required under this section shall contain such of the following information as the SEPA Official determines is applicable:
(1) Name of the applicant and the project;
(2) Address of the project;
(3) Legal description of subject property (not required on signage);
(4) Brief description of proposed use;
(5) Date, time, and place of public hearing on the proposal if a hearing is required. The notice shall display the date by which and place at which the public may submit comments to the City on the proposal. The notice shall display whether a DNS, mitigated DNS, or DS has been issued, their availability, and when comments are due, and the scoping procedure for the DS. The notice shall state that any person may appear or be heard and that written comments will be accepted and made part of the record, and state that the hearing will be held in accordance with the rules of procedure of the hearing body;
(6) The name, address, and office telephone number of the person within the Planning, Building and Public Works Department or other City department from whom additional information may be obtained;
(7) Drawings showing the property affected by the proposed action;
(8) Other information as required by the SEPA Official. [Ord. 1583 § 32, 2013.]
(1) Signs, Bulletin Boards and Newspaper Publication for Site-Specific Proposals. In the case of site-specific proposals, the notification required under DMMC 16.05.190(2), (3), and (4) shall be made after the affidavit certifying compliance with the notification requirements of DMMC 16.05.190(1) and (5) and the list of names, addresses, and mail-ready envelopes required by DMMC 16.05.190(5) have been received by the SEPA Official.
(2) When an open record hearing is required and chapter 16.05 DMMC requires public notice of a threshold determination, the Planning, Building and Public Works Director shall issue the threshold determination at least 25 days prior to the open record hearing. The purpose of this requirement is to allow for expiration of the 15-day comment period and the 10-day appeal period related to the SEPA determination prior to the public hearing. In the event an appeal of the SEPA determination is filed, the public hearing shall also constitute an open record appeal hearing. The Planning, Building and Public Works Director may request that the combined public hearing and appeal hearing be continued in order to allow parties to the appeal to prepare appeal arguments.
(3) For applications or proposals subject to the Shoreline Master Program, notice shall be published in the official City newspaper once each week for two consecutive weeks, with the last publication date no less than 30 days prior to the public hearing. [Ord. 1583 § 33, 2013.]
(1) DNS or Mitigated DNS. Once a DNS or mitigated DNS is issued, the SEPA Official shall provide a 15-day public comment period prior to taking any action on the application.
(2) DS. When a DS is issued, the SEPA Official shall invite comments on the scope of an EIS for a minimum period of 21 days.
(3) DEIS or SEIS. Once a DEIS or a draft SEIS is issued, the SEPA Official shall provide a 30-day public comment period prior to taking any action on the application or proposal.
(4) Shoreline Permits. For applications or proposals subject to the Shoreline Master Program, the SEPA Official shall provide a 30-day public comment period prior to public hearing or taking any action on the application or proposal. [Ord. 1583 § 34, 2013.]
(1) Whenever possible, the City shall integrate the public notice required under this section with existing notice procedures. In the case of a conflict, the notice requirements provided in this section shall prevail.
(2) If an environmental document as defined by WAC 197-11-744 is issued concurrently with the notice of application, the public notice requirements for the notice of application in RCW 36.70B.110(4) will suffice to meet the SEPA public notice requirements in WAC 197-11-510(1).
(3) If a DNS is issued using the optional DNS process, the public notice requirements for a notice of application in RCW 36.70B.110(4) as supplemented by the requirements in WAC 197-11-355 will suffice to meet the SEPA public notice requirements in WAC 197-11-510(b).
(4) Public notice for projects that qualify as planned actions shall be tied to the underlying permit as specified in WAC 197-11-172(3). [Ord. 1583 § 35, 2013.]
The applicant shall be responsible for all public notice costs incurred by the City for public notice requirements stated in this chapter. [Ord. 1583 § 36, 2013.]
(1) The Planning, Building and Public Works Department shall be responsible for preparation of written comments for the City in response to a consultation request prior to a threshold determination, participation in scoping and reviewing a DEIS.
(2) This Department shall be responsible for the City's compliance with WAC 197-11-550 whenever the City is a consulted agency and is authorized to develop operating procedures that will ensure that response to consultation requests are prepared in a timely fashion and include data from all appropriate departments of the City. [Ord. 1583 § 37, 2013.]
(1) Whenever possible, the City shall integrate the public notice required under this section with existing notice procedures for the City's nonexempt permit(s) or approval(s) required for the proposal.
(2) Whenever the City issues a DNS under WAC 197-11-340(2) or a DS under WAC 197-11-360(3) the City shall give public notice as follows:
(a) If public notice is required for a nonexempt license, the notice shall state whether a DS or DNS has been issued and when comments are due.
(b) If an environmental document is issued concurrently with the notice of application, the public notice requirements for the notice of application in RCW 36.70B.110(4) will suffice to meet the SEPA public notice requirements in WAC 197-11-510(1).
(c) If no public notice is otherwise required for the permit or approval, the City shall give notice of the DNS or DS by:
(i) Posting the property, for site-specific proposals;
(ii) Publishing notice in a newspaper of general circulation in the county, City, or general area where the proposal is located;
(iii) Notifying public or private groups which have expressed interest in a certain proposal or in the type of proposal being considered;
(iv) Notifying the news media;
(v) Placing notices in appropriate regional, neighborhood, ethnic, or trade journals; and/or
(vi) Publishing notice in agency newsletters and/or sending notice to agency mailing lists (either general lists or lists for specific proposals for subject areas);
(d) Whenever the City issues a DS under WAC 197-11-360(3), the City shall state the scoping procedure for the proposal in the DS as required in WAC 197-11-408 and in the public notice.
(3) If a DNS is issued using the optional DNS process, the public notice requirements for a notice of application in RCW 36.70B.110(4) as supplemented by the requirements in WAC 197-11-355 will suffice to meet the SEPA public notice requirements in WAC 197-11-510(1)(b).
(4) Whenever the City issues a DEIS under WAC 197-11-455(5) or a SEIS under WAC 197-11-620, notice of the availability of those documents shall be given by:
(a) Indicating the availability of the DEIS in any public notice required for a nonexempt license; and (Note: In addition select at least one of the following or insert all of the list and require that at least one method be used.)
(b) Posting the property, for site-specific proposals;
(c) Publishing notice in a newspaper of general circulation in the county, City, or general area where the proposal is located;
(d) Notifying public or private groups which have expressed interest in a certain proposal or in the type of proposal being considered;
(e) Notifying the news media;
(f) Placing notices in appropriate regional, neighborhood, ethnic, or trade journals; and/or
(g) Publishing notice in agency newsletters and/or sending notice to agency mailing lists (general lists or specific lists for proposals or subject areas).
(5) Public notice for projects that qualify as planned actions shall be tied to the underlying permit as specified in WAC 197-11-172(3).
(6) The City may require an applicant to complete the public notice requirements for the applicant's proposal at his or her expense. [Ord. 1583 § 38, 2013.]
The City adopts by reference the sections contained in WAC 197-11-164 through 197-11-172 and 197-11-600 through 197-11-640. [Ord. 1583 § 39, 2013.]
(1) The City endorses the procedures in the SEPA rules adopted in this article for project proposal review as a "planned action" and will apply the provisions of WAC 197-11-164 through 197-11-172 to projects which meet the criteria for planned action environmental review under RCW 43.21C.031.
(2) Where a project proposal meets the requirements and criteria for a planned action set forth in WAC 197-11-164 through 197-11-172, and any planned action ordinance adopted by the City, the responsible official shall not be required to issue a threshold determination or EIS under the provisions of this chapter.
(3) Nothing in this section limits the City from using this chapter or other applicable law to place conditions on the project in order to mitigate nonsignificant impacts through the normal project review and permitting process.
(4) Public notice for projects that qualify as planned actions shall be tied to the underlying permit. If notice is otherwise required for the underlying permit, the notice shall state that the project has qualified as a planned action. If notice is not otherwise required for the underlying permit, no special notice is required. [Ord. 1583 § 40, 2013.]
The City adopts by reference WAC 197-11-650 through 197-11-680. [Ord. 1583 § 41, 2013.]
(1) The policies and goals set forth in this chapter are supplementary to those in the existing authorization of the City.
(2) The City may attach conditions to a permit for approval for a proposal so long as:
(a) Such conditions are necessary to mitigate specific probable adverse environmental impacts identified in environmental documents prepared pursuant to this chapter; and
(b) Such conditions are in writing; and
(c) The mitigation measures included in such conditions are reasonable and capable of being accomplished; and
(d) The City has considered whether other local, state, or federal mitigation measures applied to the proposal are sufficient to mitigate the identified impacts; and
(e) Such conditions are based on one or more of the policies or policy sources identified in subsection (4) of this section and cited in the license or other decision document.
(3) The City may deny a permit or approval for a proposal on the basis of SEPA so long as:
(a) A finding is made that approving the proposal would result in probable significant adverse environmental impacts that are identified in a FEIS or final SEIS prepared pursuant to this chapter; and
(b) A finding is made that there are no reasonable mitigation measures capable of being accomplished that are sufficient to mitigate the identified impact; and
(c) The denial is based on one or more policies or policy sources identified in subsection (4) of this section and identified in writing in the decision document.
(4) The City designates and adopts by reference the following policies as the basis for the City's exercise of authority pursuant to this section:
(a) The City shall use all practicable means, consistent with other essential considerations of state policy, to improve and coordinate plans, functions, programs, and resources to the end that the state and its citizens may:
(i) Fulfill the responsibilities of each generation as trustee of the environment for succeeding generations; and
(ii) Assure for all people of the state safe, healthful, productive, and aesthetically and culturally pleasing surroundings; and
(iii) Attain the widest range of beneficial uses of the environment without degradation, risk to health or safety, or other undesirable and unintended consequences; and
(iv) Preserve important historic, cultural, and natural aspects of our national and local heritage; and
(v) Maintain, wherever possible, an environment that supports diversity and variety of individual choice; and
(vi) Achieve a balance between population and resource use that will permit high standards of living and a wide sharing of life's amenities; and
(vii) Enhance the quality of renewable resources and approach the maximum attainable recycling of nonrenewable resources.
(b) The City recognizes that each person has a fundamental and inalienable right to a healthful environment and that each person has a responsibility to contribute to the preservation and enhancement of the environment.
(c) The City's substantive SEPA authority to condition or deny projects, proposals or connected actions shall be exercised on the basis of the regulations, plans, studies, reports or codes identified in subsection (4)(d) of this section, each of such items being adopted and/or reaffirmed by this reference.
(d) The City formally designates the following regulations, plans, studies, reports or codes as possible bases for the exercise of authority pursuant to the State Environmental Policy Act of 1971 as amended:
(i) City of Des Moines Comprehensive Plan;
(ii) 2010 Parks, Recreation and Senior Services Master Plan, November 2009;
(iii) City of Des Moines Shoreline Master Program;
(iv) The Des Moines Municipal Code;
(v) Sea-Tac International Airport Impact Mitigation Study, February 1997, prepared by Hellmuth, Obata and Kassabaum, Inc., and Raytheon Infrastructure Services, Inc., under a grant from the state of Washington;
(vi) City of Des Moines Comprehensive Transportation Plan;
(vii) Washington State Department of Transportation Pavement Guide;
(viii) Highway Capacity Manual, Special Report 209, Transportation Research Board;
(ix) City of Des Moines Street Development Standards;
(x) Institute of Transportation Engineers, Trip Generation Manual;
(xi) City of Des Moines Comprehensive Storm Water Management Plan;
(xii) Lower Massey Creek Alternative Analysis, August 1994;
(xiii) Des Moines Creek Basin Plan, November 1997, prepared by the Des Moines Creek Basin Committee (City of Des Moines, City of SeaTac, King County and Port of Seattle);
(xiv) City of Normandy Park Stormwater Plan – 2013;
(xv) King County Surface Water Design Manual;
(xvi) Stormwater Management Manual for the Western Washington, Washington State Department of Ecology;
(xvii) King County Stormwater Pollution Control Manual, Best Management Practices for Businesses;
(xviii) Massey Creek Comprehensive Flood Control Management Plan for the City of Des Moines, June 1990;
(xix) North Fork of Smith Creek Drainage Basin Study for the City of Des Moines, June 1987;
(xx) Executive Proposed Basin Plan Hylebos Creek and Lower Puget Sound, King County Surface Water Management, July 1991;
(xxi) Shoreline Management Guide Book;
(xxii) Code of the King County Board of Health;
(xxiii) Washington State Flood Reduction Plan (1993 DCD);
(xxiv) Guide to Conducting Wetland Inventories (DOE);
(xxv) Washington State Shoreline Management Act of 1971;
(xxvi) Standard Specification for Construction of Trails (Forest Service 1984);
(xxvii) Puget Sound Water Quality Management Plan;
(xxviii) Planning documents not specifically listed above but referenced in the environmental analysis of the City's Comprehensive Plan, Chapter 15.1;
(xxix) The approved federal wetland delineation manual and applicable regional supplements.
(e) It is the City's policy to protect its residents and businesses from the long-term consequences of successive incremental negative environmental impacts associated with a specific proposal or its connected action(s). Accordingly, the City may condition or deny proposals in order to mitigate or prevent such long-term impacts.
(f) Unusual circumstances related to a site, a proposal, or a connected action, as well as probable significant adverse environmental impacts not capable of adequate mitigation using the foregoing provisions, may be cause for denial of a proposal or development of site-specific or project-specific SEPA mitigation. [Ord. 1671 § 11, 2017; Ord. 1649 § 2, 2016; Ord. 1583 § 42, 2013.]
(1) Definitions. Use of words and phrases. As used in this section, unless the context or subject matter clearly requires otherwise, the words and phrases defined in this section shall have the indicated meanings.
"Agency" means the City.
"Appeal" means the process by which a SEPA determination is contested.
"SEPA determination" means a SEPA procedural determination or a SEPA substantive determination.
"SEPA procedural determination" includes the adequacy of a determination of significance/nonsignificance or of a final environmental impact statement.
"SEPA substantive determination" includes a decision to require particular mitigation measures or to deny a proposal.
"Underlying governmental action" means the final decision of the agency on a proposal.
(2) The appeal described in this section is mandatory. This appeal process is supplemented by chapter 18.20 DMMC. Failure to comply strictly with the requirements of this section is considered a failure to exhaust administrative remedies and shall foreclose any further agency or judicial appeal.
(3) The appeal is initiated by filing a written appeal with the City Clerk within 10 days of the date the SEPA determination is final. In the case of an appeal to the Hearing Examiner, the appeal will not be considered filed unless accompanied by the appropriate fee.
(4) The written appeal shall contain the following:
(a) A description of the determination being appealed, including the file number;
(b) The name and address of the appellant; and
(c) A detailed statement identifying specifically the reasons why the appellant considers the SEPA determination to be inadequate.
(5) There shall be a single agency appeal of a SEPA determination:
(a) If the underlying governmental action is taken by the City Council, the appeal is heard by the City Council and is consolidated with the consideration of the underlying governmental action.
(b) If the underlying governmental action is taken by the Hearing Examiner, the appeal is heard by the Hearing Examiner and is consolidated with the consideration of the underlying governmental action.
(c) If the underlying governmental action is administrative, the appeal is heard by the Hearing Examiner.
(d) If the appeal is from a determination of significance, the appeal is heard under all circumstances by the Superior Court of Washington for King County as specified by chapter 36.70C RCW.
(6) An appeal taken to the Hearing Examiner is considered an appeal from an administrative decision and is processed accordingly under the provisions of the Hearing Examiner Code, except the decision of the Hearing Examiner is final and is not appealable to the City Council.
(7) Procedural determinations made by the responsible SEPA Official shall be entitled to substantial weight.
(8) An adequate record shall be made of all appeals taken under this section. An adequate record consists of findings and conclusions, testimony under oath, and taped or written transcripts.
(9) The City shall give official notice under WAC 197-11-680(5) when it issues a permit or a decision for which a statute or ordinance establishes a time limit for commencing judicial appeal. [Ord. 1583 § 43, 2013.]
(1) The City adopts by reference the following rules for categorical exemptions, as supplemented in this chapter:
(a) WAC 197-11-800, Categorical exemptions; except that the following flexible thresholds specified in WAC 197-11-800(1)(b) shall be adopted by the City as provided for under WAC 197-11-800(1)(c) and (d):
Single-Family Residential
30 units or less
Multifamily Residential
Barn, loafing shed, farm equipment storage, produce storage or packing structure
20,000 square feet or less
Office, school, commercial, recreational, service, storage building, parking facilities
12,000 square feet and 50 parking spaces or less
Fill or excavation
500 cubic yards or less
(b) WAC 197-11-880, Emergencies.
(c) WAC 197-11-890, Petitioning DOE to change exemptions.
(2) The City adopts by reference the categorical exemption for electrical vehicle charging and battery exchange stations established by RCW 43.21C.410. [Ord. 1688 § 3, 2017: Ord. 1583 § 44, 2013.]
DMMC 16.05.350 through 16.05.370 contain rules for agency compliance with SEPA, including rules for charging fees under the SEPA process, listing agencies with environmental expertise, selecting the lead agency, and applying these rules to current agency activities. The City adopts by reference the sections contained in WAC 197-11-900 through 197-11-928. [Ord. 1688 § 4, 2017: Ord. 1583 § 45, 2013.]
The scope of environmental review related to impacts to critical areas shall be limited to:
(1) Documenting whether the proposal is consistent with the requirements of chapter 16.10 DMMC; and
(2) Evaluating potentially significant impacts on the environmentally critical area not adequately addressed by Growth Management Act (GMA) planning documents and development regulations, if any, including any additional mitigation measures needed to protect the critical areas in order to achieve consistency with SEPA and with other applicable environmental review laws. [Ord. 1688 § 5, 2017: Ord. 1583 § 46, 2013.]
The City shall require fees for its activities as established by the City Manager or the City Manager's designee.
(1) Environmental Impact Statement.
(a) When the City is the lead agency for a proposal requiring an EIS and the responsible official determines that the EIS shall be prepared by employees of the City, the City may charge and collect a reasonable fee from any applicant to cover costs incurred by the City in preparing the EIS. The responsible official shall advise the applicant(s) of the projected costs for the EIS prior to actual preparation; the applicant shall post a bond or otherwise ensure payment of such costs.
(b) The responsible official may determine that the City will contract directly with a consultant for preparation of the EIS, or portion of the EIS, for activities initiated by some persons or entity other than the City and may bill such costs and expenses directly to the applicant. The City may require the applicant to post bond or otherwise ensure payment of such costs. Such consultants shall be selected by the City after a call for proposals and consultation with the applicant.
(c) If a proposal is modified so that an EIS is no longer required, the responsible official shall refund any fees collected under subsection (1)(a) or (b) of this section which remain after incurred costs are paid.
(2) The City may collect a reasonable fee from an applicant to cover the cost of meeting the public notice requirements of this chapter relating to the applicant's proposal.
(3) The City may charge any person for copies of any documents prepared under this chapter, and for mailing the document, in a manner provided by chapter 42.17 RCW. [Ord. 1583 § 47, 2013.]
The City adopts by reference the sections contained WAC 197-11-960 through 197-11-990. [Ord. 1583 § 48, 2013.]


DALLAS—Designer Adam D. Tihany is creating the new interiors for The Joule hotel here, which is undergoing a $78 million renovation and expansion.
MIAMI—The new Lord Balfour Hotel will debut on Ocean Drive later this year following a multi-million dollar renovation.
SAN FRANCISCO, CA—The Hilton San Francisco Union Square has embarked on a $51 million redevelopment project with the goal of repositioning the property as one of the city's premier hotel and conference centers.
CHICAGO—The Hyatt Regency McCormick Place has begun the first phase of a $110 million renovation and expansion. The property is owned by Metropolitan Pier and Expansion Authority.
LAS VEGAS—The Bellagio hotel here has completed the remodel of all 2,568 guestrooms in its main tower.


text:
Women's Circles Broken: The Disruption of Sisterhood in Three Nineteenth-Century Works
by Gunn, Meagan, M.A., Southern Illinois University at Edwardsville, 2017, 61; 10264176
Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice, Christina Rossetti's "Goblin Market," and Louisa May Alcott's Little Women are three works which focus on communities of women. Since women had such limited opportunities available to them in the nineteenth century, marriage was the most viable option for survival. An interesting connection found, though, among the literature written by women at the time is the way in which women thrive together in communities with each other—up until the men enter the scene. Once the men, or more commonly, one man who is also the future husband, disrupt these women-centered communities, the close bond among women is severed. These three authors envisioned a better option than marriage—a supportive sisterhood—safe, loving, and uninterrupted. How and why did women thrive together in these three fictional nineteenth-century communities? How did they communicate? In what spaces did these communities exist? In what ways did men disrupt these communities, and was it possible for women to regain a similar level of closeness with each other after the disruption of men (i.e. marriage)? This thesis looks at the various viewpoints and treatments each author brought to women's communities, their importance, formation, and men's intrusions upon them.
Advisor: DeSpain, Jessica
Commitee: Anderson, Jill, Johnson, Heather
School: Southern Illinois University at Edwardsville
Department: English Language and Literature
Subjects: American literature, British and Irish literature
Keywords: Christina Rossetti, Goblin market, Jane Austen, Little women, Louisa May Alcott, Pride and prejudice

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
The History of Magical Chenonceau Castle
Welcome to Chenonceau!
The castle of Chenonceau first appears in historical documents around the 11th century. A family owned the castle and land around Chenonceau up until the 15th century. The castle's modern history begins around this time.
A royal decree against the Marques family patriarch, Jean Marques, for an act of sedition, included an order for the destruction of the original manor at Chenonceau as punishment.
Jean Marques builds a castle and a fortified mill to replace the lost manor of Chenonceau.
A short video tour of Chenonceau:
Pierre Marques, the heir of Jean, up to his eyes in debt, sells the castle. It was readily purchased by Thomas Bohier, the General Tax Collector for the neighboring region of Normandy.
Thomas Bohier razes all of the existing buildings on the property. He then orders construction of a third generation castle. The castle's system of moats and the donjon are retained. The latter is modified to fit with the style of the new castle.
The chapel is consecrated by Cardinal Bohier, a member of the Bohier clan.
Construction of the chateau is completed and the extensive gardens are laid out. The King of France, Francois I, is twice a visitor to the castle at this time.
After Thomas Bohier's death his family cedes Chenonceau to the French crown to pay off debts.
The High Constable of Montmorency takes possession of the castle in the name of Francois I. The King ignores Chenonceau and focuses his efforts on building the massive Chambord castle instead.
Tourists exploring an interior of Chenonceau Castle.
Charles Quint, Emperor of Germany, Prince of the Netherlands and King of Spain, the eternal rival of King Francois I, visits the castle.
Henry II's mistress, Diane of Poitiers, falls in love with the chateau. Diane is the widow of the Count of Brézé, the Grand Seneschal of France and is twenty years Henry's senior. Henry gives Diane the castle as a sign of his love. She officially takes ownership in 1555.
While at Chenonceau, Diane is made the Duchess of Valentinois and becomes one of the most influential women in France. Her success assured her of many enemies, the most formidable of which was the Queen, Catherine de Medici, who envied her influence over the young King and the affairs of the French state.
Henry II and his court visit Diane at Chenonceau. The castle is a fully functioning estate at this point with Diane of Poitiers as it's ruler.
Numerous artists took up residence during this period. The parties and events (balls, tilting at the ring, stag hunting) were never-ending and legend.
As legal owner, Diane embarks on an expansion of Chenonceau. The castle is enlarged to span the river Cher.
King Henri II is fatally injured by Montgomery, the Captain of the Scottish guards, during a sporting event. His widow, the long simmering, Catherine de Medici, demands the chateau be returned to the crown upon his death. Diane is banished to Chaumont. Chenonceau remains a vibrant estate under Catherine de Medici's rule.
The gardens are transformed and redesigned under the guidance of Bernard Palissy.
The grand courtyard is built.
In May, the grand gallery of the castle is inaugurated. The reception with its songs, dances, and theater remains the climax of the golden era of Chenonceau.
Claude Dupin, a squire descended from the Berry family, buys the castle from the Duke of Bourbon.
Among the visitors to the chateau during this period are Voltaire, Fontenelle, Marivaux, Montesquieu, Buffon and Rousseau.
The Dupin's are much loved by the peasants of the region.
A picture of Chenonceau Castle from the Loire river.
Henri Menier, the grandson of the founder of the chocolate firm with the same name, buys the castle. The estate has been in the Menier family since.
The chateau is converted to a military hospital for the duration of WWI.
The great flood of the Cher river in 1940 devastates the garden. It lies dormant until the 1950's
During the Nazi Occupation, a great number of people, Nazi and Free French, take advantage of the unusual situation at Chenonceau. The south side of the castle opened on to unoccupied France, while the entrance was in occupied France.
The Menier family tasks Bernard Voisin with the job of restoring Chenonceau to it's former glory.
Over a period of years Voisin successfully reconditions the castle and its numerous outbuildings and restores the beauty of the gardens and the surrounding vineyards. Little by little, Chenonceau comes back to life.
A wonderful view from the air of the grounds and castle of Chenonceau
Today, Chenonceau has fully recovered its glory. With over 1.3 million visitors every year, and with the exception of the Palace of Versailles, it is the most visited castle in France.
LOIRE VALLEY TOURS
We offer a great one day tour to Chenonceau from Paris as well as our new five-day Loire Cycling Tour.
See you in the Loire Valley!


We like to dine at resorts too! It's a great way to check out places to stay in the future, or experience places you'd never be able to visit otherwise.
I'm guessing you are on the dining plan, so with that in mind the best counter service value at a resort is found at Coronado Springs in the Pepper Market. This is almost like a table-service experience, as there is hosted seating and drink service. You'll also find more upscale choices like steaks here, and I've always found the food to be very good. However, you will have a gratuity to pay here, unlike all other quick service locations, so bear that in mind.
I would definitely avoid Caribbean Beach, as we've found that food court to always be a very crowded, very busy experience (though the food was fine).


text:
Q: Adding hours and minutes to a date with JavaScript I am building a meeting calendar based on time zones around the world. My problem is how to add or subtract the time zone from the user selected date in JavaScript.
For example, on the select form, the user will select the date from a form: I would then get the results and convert to a date as below...
var ldSelectDate = new Date(document.form1.year.value,
           document.form1.month.value,
           document.form1.day.value);

I would like to add 12 midnight to this object.
I then read in an XML that gets the time zone difference in a string between two cities: such as "+0430" for Kabul or "-0400" for New York (on daylight savings time). This is based on GMT,.
I then calculate the time zone difference between the two cities: which will return the string of "830". (I assume I have to return this as a date object?). I got this part done returning a string. I'm working with strings.
I then want to loop through the 24 hours of the day, set Kabul at 12 midnight and then loop through. I can most likely figure this out - that is, set the date with the whole hours as I loop.
My problem is painlessly subtract the "830" from Kabul to see what the meeting time will be in New York.
It will be ideal if I can just subtract the hours and the minutes from the Kabul time. I noticed on here someone subtracting the hours in JavaScript, but not the minutes. BTW, that post didn't work for me.
I did this with strings without the minutes, but I mess up with the minutes. There has to be an easier way.
I would take a solution in either native JavaScript or jQuery.
Again, I need to subtract/add the time zone difference in hours and minutes to a certain date.

A: date.setMinutes(date.getMinutes()+minutesToAdd);

The above code will set your date object ahead by the amount of minutes in the minutesToAdd variable

A: Easiest would be to calculate the minutes for that time delta then do a minutes delta.
date.setMinutes(date.getMinutes() - (hours*60+minutes))

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Sheep, foxes, bears found dead after marijuana raids in Los Padres, other state forests
Authorities descended on illegal marijuana growing sites in Los Padres National Forest this week. But this time, the pot was long gone.
Sheep, foxes, bears found dead after marijuana raids in Los Padres, other state forests Authorities descended on illegal marijuana growing sites in Los Padres National Forest this week. But this time, the pot was long gone. Check out this story on vcstar.com: https://www.vcstar.com/story/news/special-reports/outdoors/2019/06/18/forest-service-cleans-marijuana-site-los-padres-dead-sheep-foxes-bears/1445228001/
Cheri Carlson, Ventura County Star Published 4:58 p.m. PT June 18, 2019
Officers with the U.S. Forest Service work to clear debris and dangerous chemicals from illegal pot farms in the Los Padres National Forest. Anthony Plascencia, Ventura County Star
Strapped under a helicopter, federal officers on Tuesday dropped into a marijuana grow site deep in Los Padres National Forest.
The operation in a remote canyon in Ventura County's Sespe wilderness looked like those that teams carry out hundreds of times a year in forests throughout California.
But this time, the pot was long gone.
For two weeks, the U.S. Forest Service plans to target the chemicals and debris left behind when the marijuana grows were raided.
"There's all the fertilizers, the herbicides, the pesticides, the fungicides – you name it," said Kevin Mayer, assistant special agent in charge for California's national forests.
"What we're trying to do is go out there and remove everything that's left over," he said. "It's highly toxic to the environment and we want to get it out of here."
In some cases, officers were able to pack up the chemicals they found to leave them more secure. But usually, Mayer said, teams on a raid don't have time to remove it all.
"We go from grow site to grow site and sometimes it's just impossible to come back and try to clean up at the same time," he said.
U.S. Forest Service officers prepare to be flown by helicopter into a remote canyon near Lockwood Valley on Tuesday to clean up the site of an illegal marijuana growing operation in Los Padres National Forest. (Photo: ANTHONY PLASCENCIA/THE STAR)
'didn't know what to think'
On Monday, the team waited at a staging area about 6½ miles from an old pot grow in the mountains up above Fillmore. A thick marine layer had grounded the helicopter at least temporarily.
Greta Wengert, co-director of the Integral Ecology Research Center, was there, too. "We sort of inadvertently got involved," she said of the Humboldt County-based organization's work with the Forest Service.
About a decade ago, she and other researchers were trying to figure out what was happening to the fisher population in Northern California and the Southern Sierra. They found the small mammals were dying from rodenticide, also known as rat poison.
"We didn't know what to think because these are animals that live in the middle of the forest," Wengert said. "In the middle of the forest, rodenticides don't usually have a use."
They later made the connection to illegal marijuana grows and started partnering with law enforcement to go into the sites, take samples and try to quantify damage to environmental resources.
Photos: Forest Service conducts cleanup at illegal pot growing site
U.S. Forest Service officers prepare to be flown by helicopter into a remote canyon near Lockwood Valley on Tuesday to clean up the site of an illegal marijuana growing operation in Los Padres National Forest. ANTHONY PLASCENCIA/THE STAR
Officers clean up an illegal marijuana growing operation in Los Padres National Forest on June 18, 2019. ANTHONY PLASCENCIA/THE STAR
U.S. Forest Service officers prepare to be flown by helicopter into a remote canyon near Lockwood Valley on Tuesday to clean up the site of an illegal grow operation in Los Padres National Forest. ANTHONY PLASCENCIA/THE STAR
Greta Wengert, of the Integral Ecology Research Center, assists U.S. Forest Service agents as they prepare to clean up an illegal marijuana growing operation in Los Padres National Forest on Monday. ANTHONY PLASCENCIA/THE STAR
A U.S. Forest Service officer searches through thick brush in a remote canyon near Lockwood Valley on Tuesday as he and a team clean up the site in Los Padres National Forest. ANTHONY PLASCENCIA/THE STAR
U.S. Forest Service officers are cleaning up chemicals and other debris left after raids on illegal marijuana growing operations in remote areas of Santa Barbara and Ventura counties. ANTHONY PLASCENCIA/THE STAR
Wengert estimated she and others from IERC have been to 100 or more sites since.
They almost always come across pesticides and other chemicals, ranging from ones that can be purchased at a store to others long banned in the United States, she said.
Often, there's also dead wildlife.
"We find everything from bears to mountains lions, big horn sheep, foxes, small animals, birds, all dead," she said.
Their tests showed pesticides in the soil, on the plants and sometimes the water.
"The longevity in the environment, we don't really know yet," Wengert said. "But we do know that we have detected it in the soil three years after they've applied it. So, it is staying out there."
Additional funding, time
Typically, raids on marijuana grows in the forests start about this time of year, but a wet winter and spring left parts of the state still inaccessible.
With a lull in activity and a little additional funding, Mayer said the Forest Service was able to pull together teams and aircraft to head out to previously raided sites to try to clean up.
A team was in the San Rafael wilderness in Santa Barbara County last week. On Monday, the operation moved into Ventura County and the Sespe wilderness.
Near Lockwood Valley on Tuesday, officers were strapped to a 100-foot line below the helicopter and flown roughly five miles into a remote canyon. Once there, they pulled out old irrigation hose and other debris from a marijuana grow raided last October.
A big horn sheep was previously found dead in the area. Wengert planned to take soil samples and try to figure out whether chemicals at the site had contributed to its death.
Officers clean up an illegal marijuana growing operation in Los Padres National Forest on June 18, 2019. (Photo: ANTHONY PLASCENCIA/THE STAR)
Wildlife gets exposed to chemicals in different ways, authorities said.
Typically, small critters will chew on the marijuana plants for moisture. They then get ill or die and are eaten by other larger animals. Other times, the water can be contaminated or wildlife gets into containers left behind.
Plans call for the team to try to clean up a dozen sites in the county, including spots in a sanctuary for the endangered California condor.
Multimedia journalist Anthony Plascencia contributed to this report.
Big boost of water is headed to Ventura County's overstressed groundwater basins
Los Padres National Forest issues ban on target shooting
Sharks the length of a small bus are showing up off Ventura and some say that's great news
Read or Share this story: https://www.vcstar.com/story/news/special-reports/outdoors/2019/06/18/forest-service-cleans-marijuana-site-los-padres-dead-sheep-foxes-bears/1445228001/
Ventura man fell to his death at Matilija Dam
ID of man shot in Oak View by CHP officer released
T.O. 7-Eleven eighty-sixed by planning commission
Hidden gun in car leads to arrest in Oxnard
Bartenders asked to serve questions about suicide
Alleged child predator arrested in Thousand Oaks


This post follows on the back of my previous post about the triathlon.
My two oldest boys came along today. At first they didn't really want to. My oldest wanted to stay in bed!
But I dragged them along, with my mum as well. The inner child of mine wanted to have people who were there just for me. And I'm very glad I did. For two reasons.
Firstly, selfishly I loved having my two sons and my mum cheering me on and giving me the motivation to keep swimming and cycling and running.
Secondly, and much more importantly, I'm glad the boys came because they saw their mum do something amazing.
They saw their mum do something positive in exercising, pushing herself and completing something she started.
They saw how proud their mum was of herself, and also how happy she was that they were there to support her.
And to top it off, they begged me to sign them up for next time! They want to complete the kids triathlon!
Winning on all fronts I say.


text:
Preparing for future mobility means staying 'ahead' of the challenges
Audrey LaForest
Michael A. Marcotte
Eugenio Toccalino, global marketing director of transportation and advanced polymers at DowDuPont Inc. speaks at the Jan. 15 Plastics and Rubber in Automotive conference.
Novi, Mich. — If there is one aspect of the automotive industry that is consistent, it is that "change is unavoidable."
That's what Eugenio Toccalino, global marketing director of transportation and advanced polymers at global chemical giant DowDuPont Inc., said during a presentation at the Jan. 15 Plastics and Rubber in Automotive conference.
"We read about the big announcements from OEMs in terms of huge investments to retool themselves and become an [autonomous vehicle] or a hybrid [electric vehicle] provider," he said.
Follow that up with news about technology companies like Google affiliate Waymo LLC that have made substantial investments to be a top player in self-driving vehicles and new business models for shared mobility as well as bold statements like the "the internal combustion engine is dead," Toccalino explained.
And it's these sort of news headlines — "change is coming whether you are ready or not, so you better have a strategy" — that are compelling plastics companies, specifically materials suppliers like DowDuPont, or the soon-to-be new DuPont, to prepare for these big changes by developing products that provide answers to OEMs and their suppliers.
"Growth doesn't come for free," Toccalino said of the approaching challenges and disruption for automotive and materials.
'Ahead' of the change
Later this year, Toccalino will continue to work in the transportation and advanced polymers business unit for the new DuPont, as DowDuPont prepares to separate into three independent companies. The "new DuPont," as he referred to it, announced in September 2018 how it would tackle the growing market for electric and hybrid-electric vehicles with the launch of its Ahead initiative.
Ahead, or Accelerating Hybrid-Electric Autonomous Driving, targets the use of adhesives, high-performance elastomers, engineered thermoplastics, fluids or specialty lubricants and electronic materials for lightweighting, battery pack components and assembly, thermal management and safety, electric motors, powertrains and chassis, electrical applications and support infrastructure such as charging stations.
"When we think about the car of the future, there is going to be a totally new set of challenges on the material lab or on the engineering department for an OEM, Tier 1 or us," he said, later describing this car of tomorrow as a "smartphone on wheels."
Thermal management is going to emerge as a main requirement for materials as the auto industry moves toward battery electric vehicles, he said. This means fire safety, too, when you have a 600-volt battery that makes up the floor of the vehicle.
Noise, vibration and harshness properties are another key area for materials, he said, as the car of the future transitions from a driving environment to a working or lounging environment.
"The tolerance for any sort of squeak, rattle or noise is much lower," Toccalino said. "You don't have the engine to mask that."
In addition, lightweighting, which has long helped the industry meet requirements for fuel efficiency and carbon dioxide emissions, will become more important to get extended range, lower vehicle weight and reduce cost overall. Connectivity, he said, will require the creation of more jobs on the electronics side in automotive and for the necessary infrastructure.
In terms of shared mobility, durability will become more important as different passengers hop in and out more frequently and the vehicles will be running for longer periods of time — perhaps as much as 23 hours a day, Toccalino said.
BASF Corp.'s Mark Szendro and Dalia Naamani-Goldman.
Changing components
At the North American International Auto Show in Detroit in January, chemical company BASF Corp. was also looking ahead at challenges facing materials in an electric and/or autonomous vehicle future.
Dalia Naamani-Goldman, BASF's market segment manager for transportation and performance materials, said she is seeing more and more "electrification of functions" in vehicles, where certain operations like a parking brake that were once mechanical functions are now electric.
"Any time you're moving to electronic components, you need materials that can withstand voltage, that can withstand — in the case of electrification — high-voltage for the potential of flammability," she said during an interview at the auto show, adding that future models of electric vehicles are expected to have 1,000 volts. "You need special materials that can enable each of these components."
With autonomous driving and the introduction of more electric vehicles, components will be smaller and there will be much more of them, said Mark Szendro, BASF's marketing director for transportation and performance materials.
"You will have more radar, lidar and sensors in the vehicle that will definitely support the growth of plastics in each vehicle," he explained.
Naamani-Goldman said she is also seeing an increased need for multifunctional materials that will continue to grow in the long term.
"Right now, there's a lot of metal that's used in a lot of these housings: metal for getting heat out, metal for shielding electromagnetic signals. We're working toward developing polymers that already have some of that functionality built into them," Naamani-Goldman said. "We can use a plastic, and it automatically will get some of the heat out."
For DuPont, the strategy is to group these different types of challenges and look at the kinds of materials that are required to solve them. That means the potential emergence of new materials with improved heat resistance and that are electrically friendly, have good noise-dampening capabilities, are long-lasting and easy to clean, and can be used as a substitution for heavier materials.
"All of this challenging change in hybrid, electric, autonomous driving, shared mobility, is not going to happen without collaboration across different value chains," Toccalino said, highlighting key players such has the OEM, Tier 1, Tier 2 and aftermarket suppliers, as well as other companies in the plastics and electronics industries.
"Essentially, what [DuPont] brings to bear is a set of capabilities that touch different points of the value chain," he said. "The key point is developing new materials and developing them much faster."


text:
Read, Listen & View
How Can I…
Income Tax Resources
Looking for a FEDERAL TAX FORM? Click here.
Looking for a FEDERAL TAX FORM PRIOR YEAR? Click here.
Ask the FEDERAL TAX ASSISTANT a question: Click here.
Looking for a CONNECTICUT TAX FORM? Click here
Looking for a CONNECTICUT TAX FORM PRIOR YEAR? Click here.
INCOME TAX ASSISTANCE INFORMATION: Click here.
Request a U.S. mailed copy of a CONNECTICUT TAX FORM from the CT DRS: Click here.
You can also call the CT DRS, Monday - Friday, 8:30 a.m. - 4:30 p.m. at 860-297-5962 to order forms by U.S. mail.
Request a U.S. mailed copy of a FEDERAL TAX FORM from the IRS: Click here.
The Lucy Robbins Welles Library has received some Federal tax forms: 1040 and 1040 SR plus the instructions. You can arrange curbside pickup for federal tax forms and instructions. Please call the library at 860-665-8700 for more information.
We have been notified that The State of Connecticut will not send Connecticut Income tax forms and instructions to libraries. If you want to order the forms for curbside pickup, please call the library at 860-665-8700. Some printing charges may apply.
Connecticut Department of Revenue Services at Taxpayers' Fingertips
The DRS website (https://portal.ct.gov/DRS) has the answer to many state tax questions, including a Frequently Asked Questions page. Taxpayers are also encouraged to call or email DRS with questions specific to their situation. The fastest and easiest way to access state tax forms and instructions is from the DRS website, where these resources can be downloaded and printed.
Connecticut Department of Revenue Services Secure Videoconferencing
DRS now offers remote assistance, where taxpayers can schedule an appointment and receive real-time DRS tax assistance from the comfort of their own homes, from a trained DRS professional during normal business hours, via the online Microsoft Teams platform.
Connecticut State Tax Form and Instruction Requests by Mail
Upon request, you are welcome to contact DRS at the phone number below to request tax forms, booklets, and instructions that DRS maintains in-house, to be mailed directly to your home address.
Connecticut Department of Revenue Services Hartford Drop Box
DRS has also set up a drop box, where you can bring hard copies of state tax payments and documents, available at our main office in Hartford. The drop box is monitored continually, with distribution to appropriate DRS personnel daily.
File Your Connecticut State Return Online
When ready, the quickest way to file a state income tax return – and the quickest way to receive a tax refund, if one is expected – is online. DRS offers free, electronic filing of individual income tax forms through the DRS Taxpayer Service Center (TSC), which is easy to use and secure, beginning in late January.
Connecticut Department of Revenue Services
Contact Information and Resources
Normal business hours: Monday through Friday, 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m.
Phone (ask questions and request paper forms by mail):
860-297-5962 (from anywhere)
800-382-9463 (Connecticut calls outside the Greater Hartford calling area only)
860-297-4911 (TTY, TDD, and Text Telephone users only)
Taxpayers may also call 711 for relay services. A taxpayer must tell the 711 operator the number he or she wishes to call. The relay operator will dial it and then communicate using a TTY with the taxpayer.
Connecticut Department of Revenue Services Email: DRS@po.state.ct.us (general questions only)
Website: https://portal.ct.gov/DRS
Connecticut Department of Revenue Services Drop Box: Bring to street level building entrance at 450 Columbus Boulevard, Hartford, CT, during normal business hours.
File your Connecticut state income tax return online: https://portal.ct.gov/TSC (select Individual)
Alphabetical List of Databases
Research by Subject


Click in the first link to search all Condos\Townhouses, for sale in Miami, like this MLS: A10054800 from $185,000 or in the second link to search all Condos\Townhouses for sale in Miami, FL 33137 like this MLS: A10054800 from $185,000 .
Click in the links below to search all Condos\Townhouses for sale in Miami, Florida by zipcode. This links are for Condos\Townhouses for sale from $185,000 to $10,000,000 and up.
Click in the links to search all properties, for sale in Miami, like this MLS: A10054800 from $185,000 .


text:
WWII:Soviet "Flying Tank" That Attacked Nazis
Warrior Maven Video Report Above - Future of B-21 Stealth
If you had to choose one plane that defined Soviet airpower in World War II
By Sebastien Roblin
There can be little doubt it was the Il-2 Sturmovik "Flying Tank," an armored ground-attack plane that hammered Nazi Germany's tanks and troops from the opening days of Operation Barbarossa to the fall of Berlin. Despite sustaining horrifying losses to opposing fighters and flak guns, Soviet industry fed tens of thousands of the sturdy warplanes into the struggle, making it the most extensively produced military aircraft type ever.
The Soviet Air Force, or VVS, was primarily oriented towards supporting troops on the ground, much like the German Luftwaffe. The latter revolutionized mechanized warfare by using Ju 87 Stuka dive bombers to provide relatively precise air support for fast-moving mechanized columns. But after the initial shock of Stuka attacks early in the war, the slow and lightly armored dive bomber proved excessively vulnerable to enemy fighters and flak. Soviet aeronautical engineer Sergey Ilyushin proposed a Stuka-like plane with a twist: his ground-attack plane would be armored.
Simply bolting on armor plates is liable to make an airplane fly like a brick. Ilyushin's solution was to make the steel armor an integral load-bearing element of the Il-2's monocoque [3] fuselage—even though the rear of the aircraft and the wings panels were still made of wood. After several prototypes, the resulting single-seat Il-2 production aircraft weighed nearly ten thousand pounds, compared to seven thousand for the Stuka, and could carry a similar maximum bomb load of around 1,100 pounds. However, it was slightly faster, at 250 miles per hour, and more heavily armed, with two twenty-millimeter cannons in addition to two machine guns in the wings. An armored tub five to twelve millimeters thick shielded the cockpit, fuel tanks, AM38 engine and radiators. Even the canopy averaged six centimeters of armored glass! The Sturmovik's robust landing gear was also designed to handle rough frontline airstrips.
This story was originally published by The National Interest
Only a small number of Il-2s were deployed to frontline units—notably in the Fourth Aviation Assault Regiment—when the Wehrmacht began its devastating invasion of the Soviet Union on June 1941. Thrust into a desperate effort to blunt German advancing mechanized spearheads, Sturmovik pilots discovered their armor rendered the Il-2 nearly immune to machinegun fire from the front, and even gave it a chance to survive twenty-millimeter cannon shells.
However, the Sturmoviks sustained devastating losses as faster German fighter planes swooped around to hit their unarmored rears. German pilots dubbed the Il-2 the "Concrete Bomber"—a commentary perhaps both on its durability and agility, or lack thereof. During periods of intense fighting, one Sturmovik was being lost for every ten combat missions, a ratio that would "improve" to one loss for every twenty-six missions in 1943.
The VVS lost over four thousand aircraft of all types in the disastrous first month of hostilities—the Fourth Regiment, for example, lost fifty-five of its sixty-five Sturmoviks—and the Il-2 production facilities had to be evacuated east of the Ural Mountains, interrupting deliveries for two months. Yet as German tanks blazed a trail toward Moscow in the fall of 1941, Stalin found time to personally address this famous telegram [4] to the Il-2 factory managers:
You have let down our country and our Red Army. You have the nerve not to manufacture IL-2s until now. Our Red Army now needs IL-2 aircraft like the air it breathes, like the bread it eats. Shenkman produces one IL-2 a day and Tretyakov builds one or two MiG-3s daily. It is a mockery of our country and the Red Army. I ask you not to try the government's patience, and demand that you manufacture more Ils. This is my final warning.
Coming from a man who had given no warning whatsoever to hundreds of thousands of Red Army officers executed for suspected disloyalty, the message must have proven motivational. Over thirty-six thousand Il-2 Sturmoviks were built over the course of the war, making it the second most widely produced airplane ever. (First place goes to the ubiquitous civilian Cessna 172.) Stalin would influence the Il-2 in another manner: after receiving a letter from a Soviet pilot begging for a tail gunner to defend against German fighters, he ordered Ilyushin to switch to two-seater Il-2s.
The Il-2M, introduced in 1942, had an extended canopy to accommodate the gunner of a rear-mounted 12.7-millimeter UBT heavy machine gun. Its wing cannons were also upgraded to high-velocity twenty-three-millimeter VYa types. (Finding a suitable cannon for the Sturmovik proved a contentious process; the designer of one failed cannon prototype, Yakov Taubin, was executed for "plotting the production of inferior-quality weaponry.") The tail gunners did prove useful in shooting down harrying German fighters. However, they weren't protected by any armor plating, and suffered four times the fatality rate of the pilots. The additional crewmember and weapon also reduced flight speed and badly unbalanced the airplane by shifting the center of gravity towards the rear.
Nonetheless, such was the desperation of the air war over the Eastern Front then that the Il-2 was frequently called upon to serve as a fighter. While the Sturmovik had no way of keeping pace with German fighters, it proved deadly in taking down slower German bomber, observation and transport planes, resulting in several Il-2 aces.
Indeed, many Il-2 pilots achieved legendary status. Armenian Lt. Col. Nelson Stepanyan is recorded to have sunk thirteen German ships singlehandedly, scored twenty-seven air-to-air kills, blasted five bridges and destroyed nearly seven hundred vehicles on the ground. After being hit in a raid over Latvia in December 1944, he rammed his flaming aircraft into the deck of a German warship.
Anna Timofeyeva-Yegorova [5], a peasant's daughter, became squadron commander of the 805th Assault Aviation Regiment and flew 243 combat missions in her Sturmovik before she was blasted out of her plane by antiaircraft fire in August 1944. She went on to survive hitting the ground with a partially opened parachute, German captivity and its lack of medical care, and finally Soviet officers suspecting her of being a Nazi collaborator.
Air strikes by Sturmoviks would play a major role in crippling the effort to resupply the German Sixth Army trapped in Stalingrad during the winter of 1942–43, destroying seventy-two German aircraft on the ground at the airfield of Skalsk, and shooting down numerous transports in the air. The Sturmovik's greatest moment of glory, however, came during the epic Battle of Kursk, popularly remembered as the largest tank battle in history.
The Il-2 disposed of a variety of specialized antitank weapons. It could carry eight eighty-two-millimeter or four 132-millimeter rockets, but despite their excellent armor-piercing ability, they proved too inaccurate to be highly effective. PTAB bomblets carried in underwing dispensers were better because they required less precision: around two hundred of the three-pound shaped charges could be deployed like cluster munitions to carpet an area seventy meters long and fifteen meters wide with armor-piercing bomblets. Some Il-2s were equipped with two huge tank-busting thirty-seven-millimeter automatic cannons with fifty rounds of ammunition each. However, the cannons' accuracy was so poor, due to excessive recoil, that production of this type was halted after construction of "only" 3,500 examples.
The Battle of Kursk actually began with one of the largest air battles of World War II, when German fighters scrambled just in time to blunt an enormous preemptive air strike by Soviet fighters and bombers. The aerial melee involved five hundred warplanes and resulted in a few dozen German losses in exchange for around one hundred Soviet aircraft. But Soviet commanders didn't let the initial setback prevent them from feeding even more Sturmoviks into the battle. Il-2 pilots in Kursk began flying in "Circles of Death" over the battlefield to cover each other's tails from enemy fighters, one aircraft at a time peeling away to make ground attack runs before rejoining the circle.
Over the following weeks of fighting, Sturmoviks and Stukas competed frenetically to knock out the tanks of their adversaries. German airpower, including new Ju-87G Stukas [6] and Hs. 129 [7]attack planes with tank-busting cannons, supposedly single-handedly blunted the advance of the Second Guards Tanks Corp on July 8, knocking out fifty tanks. The day before, Sturmoviks reportedly destroyed seventy tanks of the German Ninth Panzer Division, halting its advance.
More extraordinary claims were to follow. Sturmovik pilots reported the destruction of 270 tanks in the Third Panzer Division, and 240 tanks of the Seventeenth Panzer Division. Curiously, these two units had only ninety and sixty-seven operational tanks at the beginning of the battle, respectively.
In reality, there is considerable evidence that reports of tanks killed by aircraft were greatly exaggerated by pilots of all nations in World War II. Operational research by teams on the ground tended to find that fewer than 10 percent of tank losses were attributable to air power. The rockets, bombs and heavy cannons used by ground-attack planes were simply too inaccurate, and most could only penetrate the top armor of a tank, necessitating steep angles of attack.
Nonetheless, attack planes like the Sturmovik could still disrupt armored attacks, blast entrenched troops and artillery, and strafe columns of soft-skinned trucks and light armor. While some estimate between five and ten Il-2s were lost for every Axis tank they knocked out (and aircraft are generally more expensive to build than tanks!), ground-attack planes proved their value against unarmored targets, which were in abundance.
By 1943, the VVS began to field the Il-2M3 model, which corrected many of the flaws of its predecessor. The tail gunner finally received thirteen millimeters of plate armor, while the leading edges of the wings were swept back fifteen degrees in order to compensate for the shift in the center of gravity, greatly improving the Sturmovik's handling. An uprated AM-38F engine boosted the Sturmovik's speed to compensate for added weight. Admittedly, the Il-2's maximum bomb load remained unimpressive compared to that of higher-performing fighter bombers then entering service—but the Sturmovik was beloved for its ability to fly "low and slow" and could survive hits that nimbler fighters could not.
Thousands of Sturmoviks supported the Red Army through the end of World War II, even pounding the last entrenched defenders outside of Berlin in the massive four-day Battle of the Seelow Heights. By that time, the Il-2 was joined by an evolved cousin, the all-metal Il-10. Though similar in appearance, the aerodynamically cleaner Il-10 had superior handling and benefited from a more powerful AM-42 engines, which raised maximum speed to 342 miles per hour. Of the six thousand built through 1954, around 150 saw combat before the German surrender.
Soviet records state that a total of 11,000 Il-2s were lost in action during World War II, although some sources estimate the true total to be twice that. Whatever the case may be, a great many Sturmoviks served on into the 1950s in the VVS and in states such as Mongolia, Yugoslavia and Poland. The Il-2 and Il-10 were even accorded the NATO codenames "Bark" and "Beast," respectively.
While the Il-2 had seen its last battle, however, the Il-10 had not. North Korea received ninety-three Il-10s, which served in its Fifty-Seventh Assault Aviation Regiment. These played a major role in blasting South Korean troops in the opening weeks of the Korean War in 1950, but as U.S. air power entered the fray, over seventy were shot down or destroyed on the ground, and the type was withdrawn from frontline operations. The Chinese PLAAF, too, operated 254 Il-10s until 1972. These sank a Republic of China landing ship January 1955 during the Battle of Yijiangshan Islands, struck the garrison at Kinmen Island later that year and bombed Tibetan villages [8] in 1958.
After World War II, Soviet aircraft designers focused on light, speedy fighter bombers for ground support. A true successor for the Sturmovik didn't emerge until the late 1970s in the armored Su-25 Frogfoot attack plane [8], which continues to see extensive action around the world today. Even the U.S. Air Force's A-10 Warthog pays tribute [9] to the Sturmovik's design principles.
The Sturmovik's mission as a low and slow ground pounder exposed its crews to extraordinary danger that no amount of armor plating could protect entirely against. But despite sustaining terrible losses, the Russian attack pilots gave desperately needed air support for the hard-pressed Red Army, enabling it to withstand and ultimately drive back the fascist onslaught.
Sébastien Roblin holds a master's degree in conflict resolution from Georgetown University and served as a university instructor for the Peace Corps in China. He has also worked in education, editing and refugee resettlement in France and the United States. He currently writes on security and military history forWar Is Boring[10].
Video Anniversary Special - 3-Star Talks About How a Stealth B-2 Attacks
Video Anniversary Special - 3-Star Talks About How a B-2 Attacks
shawnkemp
Air Force Prototypes 6th-Gen Future Stealth Fighters
Air Force 6th Gen program is looking at hypersonic weapons, unmanned flight, lasers
Kris Osborn
Cluebatvanexodar
Navy Uses Lasers to Sustain F-35 Stealth Attack
A Navy report describes laser shock peening as a unique process producing a uniform result across the surface treated:
JenWarriorModerator
Pentagon Advances New Technology to Destroy Hypersonic Missile Attacks
Pentagon Advances New Sensor Technology to Destroy Hypersonic Missile Attacks
ajalexxx
Video: Air Force 4-Star Cites Plan for B-1B Hypersonic Attack
Warrior Video Above: Air Force 4-Star Cites Plan for B-1B Hypersonic Attack
Video Special: Pentagon Plan to Stop Hypersonic Attacks
Warrior Maven Video Above: Pentagon Pursues New Plan to Destroy Hypersonic Weapons
Air Force Arms F-22s With New Weapons, Changing Attack Tactics
The Air Force is now arming the F-22 stealth fighter with more long-range precision attack technology,
VIDEO REPORT: AI Helps Destroy Anti-Satellite Weapons
The Pentagon is moving quickly to integrate Machine Learning and AI into space-based systems
Pentagon Pursues AI for Space War to Stop Anti-Satellite Weapons
Booz Allen Hamilton is now pioneering an emerging AI-enabled commercial technology system
Bell's V-280 Tiltrotor Aircraft Could Become a Robotic Hybrid Plane


"You can expect the types of jokes my former bosses would tell me we couldn't do on TV," she says of her forthcoming weekly program.
Michelle Wolf has landed a show of her own.
After nearly half a decade working on Late Night With Seth Meyers and The Daily Show With Trevor Noah, Wolf is set to host her own weekly show on Netflix. The streaming giant, which is making a considerable push in the talk-show space with entries from David Letterman and Joel McHale, is billing Wolf's show as a break from the seriousness of late-night comedy. The planned star vehicle will launch later this year.
The 32-year-old rising star, whose show does not yet have a name, is expected to make fun of everything and everybody, with no preaching or political agenda — unless, of course, it's funny. "You can expect the types of jokes my former bosses would tell me we couldn't do on TV," Wolf joked in a statement, with Netflix's vp content Bela Bajaria, adding more earnestly: "We're thrilled to be working with Michelle, a gifted writer and performer with a singular voice."
The announcement comes some two months after Wolf earned raves for her first stand-up special, Nice Lady, which aired on rival HBO. The special gave Wolf her highest-profile platform to date to tackle subjects ranging from feminism ("I want equal pay! And a chardonnay") to dating and other social issues.
Though Wolf is still a relative fresh face on the stand-up circuit, she has already earned the respect of several comedic heavyweights, or former heavyweights, including Louis C.K., who tapped her to open for him on his 2016 stand-up tour and to act in his celebrated web show Horace and Pete, and Chris Rock, who hired her to write for his Oscars ceremony.
By jumping to Netflix, Wolf marks the latest star to exit Comedy Central — and in her case, as it was for predecessors like John Oliver, just as her career is taking off. In addition to her contributor duties on the cable network's Daily Show, Wolf created and starred in two digital series, Now Hiring and Used People, for the Viacom network.
Looking ahead, Wolf's Netflix show, a rare and much-welcomed female-fronted series in what is still a male-dominated space, will be produced via her Cats in Pants banner. Dan Powell (Inside Amy Schumer) and Christine Nangle (The President's Show, The Mick) will serve as co-showrunners, with her manager Daniel Bodansky joining them as an executive producer.
Wolf is repped by UTA, Dixon Talent and Hansen Jacobson; Powell is with UTA, Odenkirk Provissiero and Hansen Jacobson; and Nangle is repped by UTA and Jackoway Tyerman.


Description: This bench polisher has pre-lubricated ball bearings and a dust-proof motor housing that makes it virtually maintenance-free. Quality or speed with this well balanced precision polisher, works with standard wheels and buff pads up to 4 inches.
It is quiet, double-shafted with taper spindles drive shafts. Hex tool and mounting screws included. Extra set of motor brushes included. Full accessories, can meet your most requirements. Engraving, polishing and drilling, also suitable for beads, Bodhi, various types of DIY handicraft polishing, grinding, family small workshops, cutting, polishing, etc.
Full-featured A multi-purpose machine is a rare good product. Include: 1 x host 1 x 0-4mm adjustable precision chuck engraving pen 1 x stainless steel flexible shaft 2 x cloth wheel post 1 x grinding wheel post 1 x 0.6-6.5mm chuck 2 x spare carbon brush 1 x hex wrench 2 x base fixing screw 1 x fiber wheel 2 x saw blade disassembly wrench 1 x blade guard 1 x saw blade connecting rod with pressure plate 1 x tool box 1 x 100mm jade saw blade 1 x 100mm woodworking saw blade 1 x grinding wheel 1 x Jintian saw blade. The item "110V Bench Lathe Polisher TM-2 Gem Jewelry Rock Bench Polishing grinding machine" is in sale since Saturday, September 1, 2018. This item is in the category "Collectibles\Rocks, Fossils & Minerals\Lapidary Materials\Tools & Supplies". The seller is "cncdealers" and is located in shenzhen.