Editor's note: Today's post comes from Sasha Bartashnik, zulily's Marketing Analytics Manager. zulily is a $1.6 billion fast-growing e-commerce company that launches 100+ new sales a day to surprise and delight women with the thrill of discovering new and unique finds. This is part one of a two-part series.
Every day zulily launches more than 9,000 product styles and 100 new sales, converting thousands of customers and processing millions of user actions. As a company with a customer first mindset, we're always seeking to better understand our customers and optimize their experience. With so much data streaming in from internal and external sources, quickly accessing the data necessary to making marketing decisions was getting complicated and time-consuming for the average business user. As a result, analysts were spending more time writing code to answer ad hoc data requests than providing true actionable insights to drive the business. We needed to find a way to reduce the time it took to deliver the right message, at the right time, in the right channel, and to every customer.
In order to do this, we created a self-service marketing analytics platform which makes use of the Google BigQuery integration with Tableau. For the first time, this platform gave us a single view of data across various marketing touchpoints including Facebook Ads, Google Ads, and email, allowing us to blend data with in-house sources such as clickstream, product catalog, and order transactions to make faster and better business decisions. This platform has made BigQuery and Tableau our marketing analytics team's bread and butter—our custom implementation of these two technologies allows us to quickly analyze complex data and make recommendations to drive strategic, real-time decision making. This post will give you guidance on how you can apply some of the same strategies in your organization.
Tableau is zulily's reporting and visual analytics platform. Marketing analysts and data scientists use Tableau for self-service analytics on data stored in BigQuery as well as to report insights from the aforementioned models. This helps us make real-time decisions every day, and offers long-term strategic insights.
With all of zulily's data now in BigQuery, we are able to build a robust machine learning model to predict customer lifetime value (LTV) using a variety of customer behaviors as inputs and tie the results to specific marketing campaigns to measure long-term performance.
To accomplish this, we assign a historical lifetime value to find existing high value customers. We then use gradient boosting to consider over 1,000 transactional and behavioral variables and test hundreds of models. We eventually reduce to around 30 key features that are contributing factors for predicting the lifetime value of a customer.
The end result is a model that can predict with very high accuracy the likelihood that a new zulily shopper will have a high lifetime value. We are then able to tie these predictions to marketing datasets living in BigQuery and provide the combined marketing performance data in highly dynamic and customizable dashboards, internally dubbed the Channel Metrics Dashboard (CMD), on our Tableau server. The CMD allows marketing channel manager and specialists to easily generate their own insights using historical and predicted data by selecting the metrics, date ranges, and even granularity they need by creating custom graphs and reports right on the server. This solution enables the zulily marketing team to quickly make decisions that optimize ads, emails, and offers towards customers who best respond to zulily engagements.
When we moved over to this new data platform, we had a lot of help and support from both our zulily tech team as well as Google Cloud engineers and Tableau customer engineers.
In part two of this series, this combined team will share tips and tricks about integrating BiqQuery with Tableau—stay tuned!


text:
Topic Customer service
SubTopic Omnichannel
Customer service AI
Contact Center apps
Self-service tech
Indian contact center management practices detailed in report
Best practices for India-based contact centers include creating a clear career path, treating managers as coaches, and keeping agents connected to the corporate office.
Barney Beal, TechTarget
Organizations running contact centers in India need to be aware of some key differences from their U.S.-based operations, a recent report suggests.
Companies are looking beyond outsourcers and increasingly setting up their own operations in India, according to the Service and Support Professionals Association (SSPA) -- and it's not just about saving money.
"Originally, it was all about the savings," said John Ragsdale, vice president of technology research for the SSPA. "Just competing for technical folks in America is almost impossible. The number of technology graduates is declining, and those that do come out are finding higher-level or higher-paying jobs than entry-level support. In India, the talent pool is much bigger."
With an estimated 1.2 million graduates with technical degrees coming out of Indian universities, the technical support industry needs to better prepare itself to attract and retain these professionals. That requires a few key steps in differentiating overseas operations, according to Talent Management in Emerging Markets, a report the SSPA issued last month.
The first and most obvious difference is culture, and it's an area where currently there is not enough training, the report suggests. Customers typically rank accents and language barriers as their No. 1 issue with offshore agents, yet 43% of Indian hiring managers surveyed by the SSPA say their companies have only one language class a week.
For more on contact center outsourcing
Get expert advice on optimizing an outsourced call center
Learn how to keep remote agents connected
"The big universities understand this and already are partnering with companies," said Ragsdale, who authored the report. "At the second-tier engineering schools, where you see a lot of the support folks coming from, it's not as big an emphasis."
In fact, although most of the companies and agents surveyed for the report indicated they were satisfied with language and "soft skills" training, that generally isn't the case with end customers calling for support, Ragsdale said, suggesting that overseas contact centers are still focused more on the technical training.
Greater attrition
Agent attrition, something North America-based contact centers grapple with themselves, takes on another dimension in India. There is a greater pool of talent, but agents move between positions much more rapidly. Attrition rates that top out at 13% in the U.S. reach 23% in India. Support organizations there have an interview-to-hire rate of 10% or less.
"If only 1 in 10 applicants takes an offer, then 90% of the time you're wasting your time in the interview," Ragsdale said.
Agent retention
The average tenure of a support agent in India is 12 to 24 months -- the same average time period before an agent is promoted to management. This indicates that if agents aren't promoted within two years, they leave, Ragsdale said. That makes retaining agents even more important in India. Those contact centers need to keep their veteran agents' knowledge and experience within the organization.
One place to start is with the contact center manager. The role of the manager is slightly different in India, acting as more of a big brother or coach. Agents in India typically work odd shifts to accommodate U.S. hours.
"There's some camaraderie by bonding over weird hours or commutes," Ragsdale said. "With a new group, they really create a family and they look to the supervisor as a coach. There is a lot more focus on fun events, group events. It puts a lot more pressure on hiring and promoting the right supervisors."
North America-based firms with Indian operations also need to make an effort to keep the overseas contact center "in the loop," according to the report. Indian workers often feel isolated and separated from corporate headquarters -- though it doesn't have to be that way, Ragsdale said.
"Those that have the lowest attrition spend a lot of time and money sending U.S. people over to the Indian operation and giving them face time," he said. "They're hearing the issues and understanding the environment firsthand."
Other best practices include efforts that allow employees to share ideas enterprise-wide because, as the report notes, these customer-facing employees have valuable insight into the customer experience and products.
Creating a career path
Another significant factor in agent retention is creating a career path and making that path clear to new agents immediately. In India, tech support is more widely recognized as a career than in North America, where those jobs are typically seen as training grounds for development, quality assurance, sales engineering and professional services, Ragsdale said. So North American companies with Indian contact centers need to emphasize career planning for agents on their first day on the job.
In addition, Ragsdale said, there is a preference in India for working with well-known companies and market leaders.
"There's definitely a pecking order to the positions," he said. "People definitely want to work for a big-name company, then the smaller name and then the outsourcers. And if they can't get tech support, they turn to contact center outsourcers. I suspect the salaries line up with that pecking order as well."
The New Reality for Customer Engagement –Appian
The Benefits of an Omnichannel Contact Center –West IP Communications
Dig Deeper on Omnichannel customer service
Building a multichannel contact center
By: Sue Hildreth
Meet the 2009 CRM Products of the Year judges
Building a business case for self-service
Should marketing or customer service manage your social networking efforts?
Verint hopes to optimize the call center, closes ... – SearchCustomerExperience
The CRM market in 2007: Top experts share their views... – SearchCustomerExperience
CRM, customer service still driving technology ... – SearchCustomerExperience

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
St Paul for Homosexual Unions for Galatians...Apparently!
St Paul: 'Fornication - bad! Homosexual acts - good! You all got that?'
'There is neither Jew nor Greek: there is neither bond nor free: there is neither male nor female. For you are all one in Christ Jesus.' (Galatians 3:28)
A reader of this blog is currently entertaining the idea that, based on these words of St Paul, in which he mentions nothing about homosexuality whatsoever, that this Pauline phrase could in some way 'back' same-sex marriages.
This seems rather unlikely because, of course, when St Paul does mention the issue of homosexuality, he mentions it in relation to an 'unnatural' 'inflaming' of lust, between men and other men and women with other women.
'For this reason God gave them over to dishonorable passions. For their women exchanged the natural sexual relations for unnatural ones, and likewise the men also abandoned natural relations with women and were inflamed in their passions for one another. Men committed shameless acts with men and received in themselves the due penalty for their error.'
In the first phrase St Paul mentions nothing of homosexuality whatsoever, but, let us imagine that he did. Would St Paul be schizophrenic or would the Saint so enlightened by the Holy Spirit intend to go deeper into our being than just our sexual inclinations?
I do not mean to offend any readers who may, like myself, carry the Cross of 'same-sex attraction', but I believe that what St Paul would say to the homosexual is that in Christ there is no 'homosexual' or 'heterosexual' for 'you are all one in Christ Jesus'. This does not, of course, mean that St Paul thinks homosexual acts are just fine and dandy - the opposite in fact, since whatever is sinful St Paul condemned in his Epistles - but that in Christ and in His Church your 'sexual orientation' or even your gender is not the main affair, nor is it the central focus of your identity as an adopted child of God.
In the Mystical Body of Christ, the community of believers are called to different vocations or missions, with all our weaknesses, into relationship with the Blessed Trinity - called to be living witnesses to the Resurrection - all called to sanctity and holiness - all called to be made into 'other Christs'.
The truth is that I live in Brighton and in Brighton's Catholic Churches you will find heterosexuals and a high percentage of homosexuals. Most homosexuals that I know struggle with chastity, loneliness, but a great many strive with the help of prayer, the Mass, the Sacraments to live a faithful Catholic life.
Going to a coffee after Mass in Brighton is always a good reminder that the Catholic Church is a Mystical Body of believers of different hues. In many ways, the Catholic Church in Brighton is like the rainbow that the militant homosexual movement took as its emblem. Believers are different in a variety of ways - there is real 'diversity' - but 'we are all one in Christ Jesus'.
The Church is at the same time the Hospital of sinners and the School for Saints. St Paul was quite clear that different vices would preclude sinners from entering the Kingdom of God and is kind enough as to even go so far as to give us a list.
'Know you not that the unjust shall not possess the kingdom of God? Do not err: Neither fornicators nor idolaters nor adulterers: Nor the effeminate nor liers with mankind nor thieves nor covetous nor drunkards nor railers nor extortioners shall possess the kingdom of God. And such some of you were. But you are washed: but you are sanctified: but you are justified: in the name of our Lord Jesus Christ and the Spirit of our God.'
In other words, it sounds like a proportion of the Early Church were homosexuals to whom the Church taught chastity and called to sanctity. I recall a man after Mass at a Catholic Church in Brighton once saying to me, when this was the reading, "Well, that's just about all of us covered, then!"
Yes, it most likely is. We are sinners - all of us - but we are called into relationship with the Lord Jesus. 'All', as St Paul said, 'have fallen short of the Glory of God.'
Just because we all fall short of the Glory of God, however, does not mean that we should renounce the Faith of Christ and go into our habitation of sin and revel in it. No, we are called always to renounce rather our sins, to go to Confession, to seek Absolution, to repent, to do penance, to pray, to seek God's grace through prayer and the Sacraments and to strive with God's grace to live lives of holiness and sanctity.
Why did St Paul write so much on what constitutes the 'good life' - on what aids the Christian life and what kind of behaviour constitutes ungodly living that impedes our spiritual progress? The answer is that since the beginning of the Church 'dissensions', misunderstandings and those advocating an 'easier way' have been all too ready to put forward ideas and philosophies that are damaging to the life of Grace and which can endanger the Salvation of souls.
'Now this I ordain: not praising you, that you come together not for the better, but for the worse. For first of all I hear that when you come together in the church, there are schisms among you; and in part I believe it. For there must be also heresies: that they also, who are approved, may be made manifest among you.'
In other words, the only good thing about heresies or 'dissensions' and the clamour for change in doctrine is that they arise so that the virtuous can dispel the imaginings of the heretics and enlighten Christians as to what constitutes the path of Salvation. St Paul, being a Saint and all, was very good at doing this and at urging the Early Church - and the Church today - to reject all that is contrary to the Gospel and to adhere to the Sacred Teaching passed on by Christ to the Apostles and their Successors. St Paul himself urges those with the sacred duty of defending the Church's doctrines to be swift to do so, especially in ties in which men and women will close the ears of their hearts to the Church's message of Salvation.
'Preach the word: be instant in season, out of season: reprove, entreat, rebuke in all patience and doctrine. For there shall be a time, when they will not endure sound doctrine; but, according to their own desires, they will heap to themselves teachers, having itching ears: and will indeed turn away their hearing from the truth, but will be turned unto fables. But be thou vigilant, labour in all things, do the work of an evangelist, fulfill thy ministry. Be sober. (2 Timothy 4:2)'
If the truth about such issues as homosexuality could be anything other than what the One True Church says it is, why would St Paul call upon those in authority to 'rebuke in all patience and doctrine'. It sounds rather like the Church, since Her beginning, was a Church with clear 'doctrine' which could be defended and which must be defended, especially by those charged with care over the flock of Christ.
The Heart of God, God's ways are mysterious - how much mystery there is in God - how inscrutable His ways - who can comprehend Him?! That does not mean, however, that the Lord Jesus wanted us to or ever wants us to live in confusion as to the Truth that sets us free. Whoever is hoping for the Church to change Her teaching to make the narrow road broad is waiting in vain. Let it not be that God should wait in vain for us to repent and amend our lives and for those who doubt to believe the Gospel of Our Lord Jesus Christ and the Glory of God in His One, Holy, Catholic and Apostolic Church!
Your reader´s idea reminds me of what I found in a LGTB- issues-toolkit to work with schools of a formal partner of UNESCO:
Discussion of the interpretation of Holy Scriptures
The first way is to discuss the substance of religious appraisal while demonstrate at
the same time that texts can be interpreted differently and without harsh
condemnations. Concerning the Bible, this was done by Bible researchers and gay
activists during the Seventies. The argument deals the tale of Sodom, on which
condemnation is usually based, could relate more to a violation of hospitality or to
rape than homosexuality. It also points out that homosexuality as a concept did not
yet exist in antiquity. Sometimes the fact is mentioned that St Paul"s admonitions, for
some a basis for condemnation, are nowadays largely ignored by a major part of
Christians since they have become outdated. Why forbid homosexuality, but not the
consumption of pork?
http://www.lgbt-education.info/doc/gale_products/GALE%20Toolkit%20Schools%201.0_EN%20(2011).pdf
http://www.lgbt-education.info/
Great post Loz.
"If you hold to my teaching, you are really my disciples. Then you will know the truth, and the truth will set you free."
Where your previous poster misquotes Chesterton in writing:
"As someone said, the trouble with Christianity is not that it has been tried and found wanting, but that it has never been tried"
..I thought it rather amusing that the passage correctly rendered supports the 'narrow road' view of Christianity that you, Lawrence, articulate in your article here:
"The Christian ideal has not been tried and found wanting; it has been found difficult and left untried." What's Wrong With The World; Part I, Chapter 5, "The Unfinished Temple."
BJC said…
"the glorious liberty of the children of God"
Its curious Savonarola uses this phrase because someone calling themselves "Richard" on Protect the Pope used exactly the same phrase a few weeks ago. At a guess I would say he's part of ACTA or certainly ACTA sympathetic.
As for Gal 3:28, its that much misused passage that the liberal Catholic likes to quote as if it justifies homosexual genital acts. In fact St. Paul is actually saying there's no distinction between us now, Jew or Greek, because we share in the supernatural life of God by virtue of our baptism and using the power of the sacraments and prayer we can overcome our sinful tendencies including all sexual sins, e.g., homosexual acts. In that sense we can enjoy "the glorious liberty of the children of God" (Rom 8:21) because we will free from the enslavement to sin, "I have come to proclaim liberty to captives" (Lk 4:18). That's the whole point of the gospel and liberal Catholics (and Protestants) bizarrely use it to justify acceptance of the gay lifestyle. Nothing could be further from the truth.
For the purposes of this argument the moniker 'Savonarola' is a bit strange because although he was a controversial reformer he also preached the repression of homosexuals.
http://natcath.org/NCR_Online/archives2/1999a/012299/012299g.htm
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Curly in the City: GO HAWKS!!!
We watched it go by at work!!!
The gentleman at the back of the bus is holding the trophy!!! Hard to see but it was there, promise!!!
Happy Weekend lovlies, short day of work for me then off to a practice wedding hair appointment!!! YAY!!!!
omg you took those pictures!? Amazing that must have bee so fun to watch and what a great win!
Yes, this was the view from the windows by my desk! Crazy, downtown CHI was a madhouse with the parade!!!
that parade was MADNESS. i cannot believe i almost went! way too crazy/wild.


Like your parents always said, money doesn't grow on trees. This is why so many industries and companies rely on fundraising professionals to help them raise the money for specific initiatives. Fundraisers can be especially crucial for non-profit organizations and educational institutions, which often depend on the support from donors to remain in existence and fulfill their missions.
So, what exactly do fundraisers do? A common task of fundraisers is to identify and reach out to potential donors, as well as remain in contact with current donors. Whether these donors are individuals or businesses, a personal relationship and consistent communication can significantly impact the amount of funds that are raised. Additionally, fundraisers often come up with different event ideas to raise money for a specific cause. From silent auctions to fancy galas, golf tournaments to raffle ticket sales, the purpose remains the same.
Fundraisers wear many different hats in their line of work. They have to be organized, creative, great communicators, and good with numbers. Is fundraising a career that peaks your interest? Would you like to learn more about what these professionals do on a regular basis? Then check out the career profiles below. We have interviewed fundraising professionals to get the inside scoop and find out what it is truly like to work in this field.


text:
Artist Andy Picci is questioning identity in the age of social media
par Hugo Compain, translated by Hannah Larvin 20 septembre 2018
In September 2015, Andy Picci transformed himself into Pete Doherty and succeeded in fooling not only the paparazzi, but the media too: photographs of him impersonating Doherty were later published in Le Parisien. Following his stint as Doherty, his appropriation of another's identity was considered akin to the pop culture explorations of Richard Prince and Cindy Sherman. This year, the artist has unveiled a series of paintings by classic masters, reworked into the likeness of reality TV star Nabilla Benattia. Thought of as his profound quest for self-identity in relation to the new age of social media dominance, Andy Picci is a man possessed, and Comme des Garçons has given him a soap box to shout from.
L'artiste Andy Picci interroge l'identité à l'heure des réseaux sociaux, en Comme des Garçon Shirt 9
"Who are you? A question that has tormented humanity since time began. A question that's not asking you what you're called; what you do or what you like; but who you are. This particular question grows ever more absurd in the era of social media. An age where everyone and everything can be fabricated.
In the virtual realm, can one ameliorate their reality, straddle the imperceptible line between a romanticized truths and lie? Can one find the balance of staging and deceit? Therein lies the birthplace of my artistic inquisition. The search for identity has become my life's work, as it has become the basis of our social lives.
Is our reality that which we express publicly on social media, or conversely, is it the image of ourselves in the perception of others that we have curated specifically to play a certain role? What are the risks of submitting to a character that society has forced upon us?
In a time where everyone has their own e-reality TV persona, is it still possible to be simply yourself? In the space between reality and virtual, between honesty and ideation, a retro-futurist oscillation reaches an entire generation."
Andy Picci
Andy Picci wears a Comme des Garçons Shirt from the Fall/Winter 2018-2019 collection
L'artiste Andy Picci interroge l'identité à l'heure des réseaux sociaux, en Comme des Garçon Shirt 11
Photography: Thierno Sy, Direction: Sonia Bédère
Hair and Make-up: Laure Dansou
Special thanks to: Royal Monceau - Raffles Paris
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text:
Yerenen er et mystisk væsen, der ligner en orangutang, som siges at være set i bjergene i Hubei-provinsen i Kina. Yeren beskrives som høj og den pels er rødbrun. Den er muligvis i slægt med yetien. Der er ingen beviser for at dette væsen findes.

Kryptider

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Home Grenada News Accused Men of Multi-Million Dollar Drug Charges Committed to Stand Trial
Accused Men of Multi-Million Dollar Drug Charges Committed to Stand Trial
PR – The four (4) men charged in connection with one of RGPF's largest drug bust have been committed to stand trial.
An operation conducted by police at Harvey Vale, Carriacou, on 31.10.2019, resulted in the recovery of 416 kilos of Cocaine which carries an estimated street value of $41,000,600.00ecc dollars.
Police later recovered one (1) AR15 riffle believed to be connected to the Cocaine.
As a result Serkan Yildirim, a French National along with Damien Francis, Nicholas Noel and Keron Noel all of Harvey Vale, Carriacou, were charged with Trafficking in a Controlled Drug and Conspiracy to Trafficking in a Controlled Drug.
Nicholas and Keron Noel were also charged with Handling a Controlled Drug and Possession of an Illegal Firearm and an additional charge for Possession of a Controlled Drug was also laid against Damien Francis.
All charges laid were indictable.
On Tuesday 16th August, 2022, all four men were committed to stand trial at the High Court for the offences charged.
Bail was set for all accused persons as follows:
Damien, Nicholas and Keron was granted bail in the amount of $250,000.00ecc dollars with two (2) sureties each.
Serkan was granted bail in the amount of $350,000.00 cash with other conditions.
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Trump promised to donate $1 million to Harvey relief efforts—while dismantling the government we all rely on.
The map of disasters is immense, and the suffering often anonymous. As I write, firefighters are battling a blaze that has spread across huge swaths of dry land in the San Fernando Valley, 15 miles north of my home in Los Angeles. Monsoon rains in Bangladesh, India, Nepal, and Niger have resulted in the deaths of over a thousand people. Mudslides in Sierra Leone claimed 500 lives, and many victims are still missing. And in Texas and Louisiana, Hurricane Harvey caused flooding and devastation on a scale rarely seen on the Gulf Coast. Faced with calamities like these, the natural human impulse is to ask: How can I help?
We've already seen heroic answers to that question in the aftermath of Harvey. Texans volunteered at shelters and food banks, donated bottled water and supplies, and searched for survivors in flooded neighborhoods. Several Houston-area mosques opened their doors to evacuees. Jim McIngvale, a local businessman who calls himself "Mattress Mack," turned his furniture stores into shelters for those in need. The Cajun Navy, a group of volunteers from Louisiana, brought their boats across state lines to assist in rescue efforts. And reporters rushed into the eye of the storm to bring us the news. But while these stories inject us with hope, we must also ask why volunteer efforts are so desperately needed in the first place.
This performance was widely criticized, so Trump flew down to Texas on September 2 for a do-over. This time, he went hatless, met with people at shelters, hugged a few children, and vowed (via Twitter, of course) that "we will prevail in the GREAT state of Texas." He also pledged to donate $1 million of his personal fortune to hurricane-relief efforts. Whether any of that money will actually be paid remains to be seen. Trump has—how shall I put this?—a mixed record on charity. The Washington Post's David Fahrenthold reported on several cases in which Trump didn't come through on his pledges, or else paid them through the Trump Foundation—which is to say, with other people's money.
But Trump's financial pledge can't make up for what he has done to the government's disaster-relief agencies. The Federal Emergency Management Agency had no administrator between January and June, when Brock Long was finally sworn in as the new director. Furthermore, Trump's proposed 2018 budget includes $667 million in cuts to FEMA grants that help cities and states prepare for disasters, as well as a 32 percent cut to NOAA's Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research, whose scientists study environmental phenomena such as (you guessed it) hurricanes and tornadoes. These and other budget cuts are being made in order to provide initial funding for Trump's border wall.
Of what use is a border wall to people who are drowning? This question should be asked of all Republicans who are going along with Trump's upside-down priorities, even though they are well aware that his "beautiful" wall is costly, inhumane, and ineffective. As the floodwaters rose in Houston, many people rushed to help, including people targeted by Trump's immigration plans. Alonso Guillen, a 31-year-old beneficiary of DACA (or Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals, the policy that provides relief for the children of undocumented immigrants), drowned while trying to rescue others. Jesus Contreras, another DACA recipient who was brought to the United States when he was 6 years old, continues to work as a paramedic in Houston. But now that Trump and Attorney General Jeff Sessions have announced the "orderly wind-down" of DACA, Contreras and 800,000 other young people could be deported, perhaps as early as March of next year, many to countries they've never lived in.
When they return from recess, members of Congress will face the task of voting for federal relief to survivors of Hurricane Harvey. Ted Cruz, who built his career as an advocate of small government, says he hopes he can count on bipartisan support for relief to his state. But it's worth remembering that 23 representatives from Texas, including Senators Cruz and John Cornyn, voted against Hurricane Sandy relief in 2013. There are no atheists in foxholes, as the saying goes, and I am tempted to add that there are no small-government advocates in hurricanes.
We may not be able to prevent natural disasters, but we can prepare for them in a variety of ways, including through proper funding of scientific research and agencies like FEMA. This is the work of the federal government, which Trump and his Republican enablers seem so intent on dismantling.


On they way to Cranfield village. Photo courtesy of Xiaojian Huang.
02 October 2011 – Our walk on Sunday afternoon aimed to introduce new students to the joy of walking to Cranfield village using a public footpath. This route is about 2.5 km one way and is a perfect running route, provided it is not too windy as it is quite exposed. This walk turned out to be a record-breaking event as more than 50 students attended! Luckily, we were prepared. Our group of experienced walkers covered front, middle and the back, namely: Eduardo, Graham, Periklis, Shiwei, Simon and myself. Once arriving at Cranfield village, we popped to Co-op supermarket and then had a short break, relaxing on the edge of the field, before embarking on the return journey. It was a peaceful walk except that our very long procession, spread out in its full length, did not escape the attention of Cranfield airport security staff.
The footpath to Cranfield village follows boundaries of Cranfield Airport. Photo courtesy of Jeongha Ha.
We were confronted by their marked vehicle, lights flashing, near the point where the path diverges. "We are going to a tea party," I replied innocently to the security man's question; what was this all about? Which was true, we were on the way to join a tea party at Mitchell Hall, organised by the Community Centre. Our activity looked apparently suspicious – I guess, they have not seen so many people before using this public footpath at once. It was then suggested to us to follow the path religiously, which would mean going over the stiles. I had to refuse this suggestion politely as with such a large group, it was much easier (and safer) to use another option – a nice wide path that follows the hedge round the corner. This section is regularly used by runners and thus makes the walk to Cranfield village stiles-free – however this is an unofficial section of the public footpath that is not marked on Ordnance Surveymaps. We were let off on this occasion to continue on our planned route back but advised to seek an official permission from the university to use this unofficial small stretch of path in the future. Oh, no, not again – wouldn't even know who to ask. Probably not Transport Team as they don't feel strongly about walking falling into their department. Anyway, we had a lovely walk and did manage to get back to the tea party well ahead of time.
Location of the two stiles on the footpath. Alternative sections of route are shown as dash line.
One of the two stiles en route to Cranfield village.
This entry was posted in Blog, Walks and tagged airport security, Cranfield University, Cranfield village, walking, walks.


The first garden waste collections of 2019 will take place in Biddenham on Wednesday 13th March 2019. As there has been no collection during the last 3 months the green waste may have hardened during this period. There is no excuse for the collection not to take place on this basis as the operators should make the effort to release all waste. If you experience issues please contact the Borough Council direct.
For all details regarding the collection service, please click Bin collections then enter your post code details.


Your new grandson is beautiful, and so is his new quilt!!!!
He's just too sweet! and the quilt is great too! Congrats on all fronts!
Ohhhh...makes me miss my little grandson. He is adorable and love the quilt too!
Oh he really is a sweetie!! Sooo cute!
you are one lucky grandma...he is precious!!! and that quilt comes in a close second to how sweet he is. love the quilting you did!
Precious baby! Congratulations! The quilt is lovely. Thanks for sharing.


text:
Justia Dockets & Filings Sixth Circuit Ohio Southern District Gentry v. Commissioner of Social Security Filing 10
Gentry v. Commissioner of Social Security
REPORT AND RECOMMENDATIONS - IT IS THEREFORE RECOMMENDED THAT: 1. The Commissioner's non-disability finding be vacated; 2. No finding be made as to whether Plaintiff was under a disability withi the meaning of the Social Security Act; 3. This ma tter be REMANDED to the Social Security Administration under sentence four of 42 U.S.C. § 405(g) for further consideration consistent with this Decision and Entry; and 4. The case be terminated on the Court's docket. Objections to R&R due by 1/31/2023. Signed by Magistrate Judge Peter B. Silvain, Jr on 1/17/2023. (srb)
Case: 3:22-cv-00024-MJN-PBS Doc #: 10 Filed: 01/17/23 Page: 1 of 12 PAGEID #: 1092 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF OHIO WESTERN DIVISION AT DAYTON ANTHONY G.,1 Plaintiff, vs. COMMISSIONER OF SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION, Defendant. : Case No. 3:22-cv-24 : : District Judge Michael J. Newman : Magistrate Judge Peter B. Silvain, Jr. : : : : : : REPORT AND RECOMMENDATIONS2 Plaintiff Anthony G. brings this case challenging the Social Security Administration's denial of his application for Supplemental Security Income. The case is before the Court upon Plaintiff's Statement of Errors (Doc. #7), the Commissioner's Memorandum in Opposition (Doc. #8), Plaintiff's Reply (Doc. #9) and the administrative record (Doc. #5). I. Background The Social Security Administration provides Supplemental Security Income to individuals who are under a "disability," among other eligibility requirements. Bowen v. City of New York, 476 U.S. 467, 470 (1986); see 42 U.S.C. § 1382(a). The term "disability" encompasses "any medically determinable physical or mental impairment" that precludes an applicant from 1 The Committee on Court Administration and Case Management of the Judicial Conference of the United States has recommended that, due to significant privacy concerns in social security cases, federal courts should refer to plaintiffs only by their first names and last initials. See also S.D. Ohio General Rule 22-01. 2 Attached is a NOTICE to the parties regarding objections to this Report and Recommendations. Case: 3:22-cv-00024-MJN-PBS Doc #: 10 Filed: 01/17/23 Page: 2 of 12 PAGEID #: 1093 performing "substantial gainful activity." 42 U.S.C. § 1382c(a)(3)(A); see Bowen, 476 U.S. at 46970. In the present case, Plaintiff applied for benefits on February 15, 2019, alleging disability due to several impairments, including "mental health," back problems, and carpel tunnel in both hands. (Doc. #5-6, PageID #232). After Plaintiff's application was denied initially and upon reconsideration, he requested and received a hearing before Administrative Law Judge (ALJ) Gregory G. Kenyon. Thereafter, the ALJ issued a written decision, addressing each of the five sequential steps set forth in the Social Security Regulations. See 20 C.F.R. § 416.920. He reached the following main conclusions: Step 1: Plaintiff has not engaged in substantial gainful activity since February 15, 2019, the application date. Step 2: He has the following severe impairments: bilateral carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS); degenerative disc disease (DDD) of the lumbar spine and cervical spine; residuals of a right leg fracture; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); obesity; a depressive disorder; a schizoaffective disorder; and an anxiety disorder. Step 3: He does not have an impairment or combination of impairments that meets or medically equals the severity of one in the Commissioner's Listing of Impairments, 20 C.F.R. Part 404, Subpart P, Appendix 1. Step 4: His residual functional capacity (RFC), or the most he could do despite his impairments, see Howard v. Comm'r of Soc. Sec., 276 F.3d 235, 239 (6th Cir. 2002), consists of "light work … subject to the following limitations: (1) occasional crouching, crawling, kneeling, stooping, and climbing of ramps and stairs; (2) frequent balancing; (3) no climbing of ladders, ropes, or scaffolds; (4) no work around hazards such as unprotected heights or dangerous machinery; (5) frequent use of the hands for handling and fingering; (6) no concentrated exposure to temperature extremes or respiratory irritants; (7) limited to performing simple, routine, repetitive tasks; (8) occasional superficial contact with coworkers and supervisors (superficial contact is defined as able to receive simple instructions, 2 Case: 3:22-cv-00024-MJN-PBS Doc #: 10 Filed: 01/17/23 Page: 3 of 12 PAGEID #: 1094 ask simple questions, and receive performance appraisals but as unable to engage in more complex social interactions such as persuading other people or resolving interpersonal conflicts); (9) no public contact; (10) no fast-paced production work or jobs that involve strict production quotas; and (11) limited to jobs that involve very little, if any, change in the job duties or the work routine from one day to the next." He has no past relevant work. Step 5: He can perform a significant number of jobs that exists in the national economy. (Doc. #5-2, PageID #s 33-43). Based on these findings, the ALJ concluded that Plaintiff has not been under a benefits-qualifying disability since February 15, 2019, the date the application was filed. Id. at 43. The evidence of record is adequately summarized in the ALJ's decision (Doc. #5, PageID #s 30-43), Plaintiff's Statement of Errors (Doc. #7), the Commissioner's Memorandum in Opposition (Doc. #8), and Plaintiff's Reply (Doc. #9). To the extent that additional facts are relevant, they will be summarized in the discussion section below. II. Standard of Review Judicial review of an ALJ's decision is limited to whether the ALJ's finding are supported by substantial evidence and whether the ALJ applied the correct legal standards. Blakley v. Comm'r of Soc. Sec., 581 F.3d 399, 406 (6th Cir. 2009) (citing Key v. Callahan, 109 F.3d 270, 273 (6th Cir. 1997)); see Bowen v. Comm'r of Soc. Sec., 478 F.3d 742, 745-46 (6th Cir. 2007). Substantial evidence is such "relevant evidence that a reasonable mind might accept as adequate to support a conclusion." Gentry v. Comm'r of Soc. Sec., 741 F.3d 708, 722 (6th Cir. 2014) (citing 3 Case: 3:22-cv-00024-MJN-PBS Doc #: 10 Filed: 01/17/23 Page: 4 of 12 PAGEID #: 1095 Rogers v. Comm'r of Soc. Sec., 486 F.3d 234, 241 (6th Cir. 2007)). It is "less than a preponderance but more than a scintilla." Id. The second judicial inquiry—reviewing the correctness of the ALJ's legal analysis—may result in reversal even if the ALJ's decision is supported by substantial evidence in the record. Rabbers v. Comm'r of Soc. Sec., 582 F.3d 647, 651 (6th Cir. 2009). Under this review, "a decision of the Commissioner will not be upheld where the [Social Security Administration] fails to follow its own regulations and where that error prejudices a claimant on the merits or deprives the claimant of a substantial right." Bowen, 478 F.3d at 746 (citing Wilson v. Comm'r of Soc. Sec., 378 F.3d 541, 546-47 (6th Cir. 2004)). III. Discussion In his Statement of Errors, Plaintiff asserts that the ALJ erred in weighing the medical source opinions provided by the state agency's non-examining consultants. (Doc. #7, PageID #s 1057-60). Plaintiff also asserts that the ALJ's findings regarding Plaintiff's COPD "lack any foundation in creditable medical opinion evidence." Id. at 1061. In contrast, the Commissioner maintains that the ALJ appropriately assessed the medical source opinions and that substantial evidence supports the ALJ's decision. (Doc. #8). A. State Agency Consultants Social Security Regulations require ALJs to adhere to certain standards when weighing medical opinions. Those standards recently changed for claims filed on or after March 27, 2017. 20 C.F.R. § 416.920c. Because Plaintiff's claim for disability was filed in February 2019, the Social Security Administration's new regulations for evaluating medical opinion evidence apply to this case. 4 Case: 3:22-cv-00024-MJN-PBS Doc #: 10 Filed: 01/17/23 Page: 5 of 12 PAGEID #: 1096 Under the new regulations, the ALJ "will not defer or give any specific evidentiary weight, including controlling weight, to any medical opinion(s) …." 20 C.F.R. § 416.920c(a). Instead, the new regulations direct the ALJ to evaluate the persuasiveness of each medical opinion by considering the five following factors: (1) supportability; (2) consistency; (3) relationship with the plaintiff; (4) specialization; and (5) any other factor "that tend[s] to support or contradict a medical opinion or prior administrative medical finding." § 416.920c(c). Further, because the regulations consider supportability and consistency the "most important factors," ALJs are obligated to "explain how [they] considered the supportability and consistency factors for a medical source's medical opinions," while they "may, but are not required to, explain how [they] considered" the remaining factors. § 416.920c(b)(2). With respect to the supportability factor, "[t]he more relevant the objective medical evidence and supporting explanations presented by a medical source are to support his or her medical opinion(s) ... the more persuasive the medical opinions ... will be." § 416.920c(c)(1). Similarly, with respect to the consistency factor, "[t]he more consistent a medical opinion(s) ... is with the evidence from other medical sources and nonmedical sources in the claim, the more persuasive the medical opinion(s) ...." § 416.920c(c)(2). While these new regulations are more relaxed than the former rules governing the evaluation of medical opinions, "they still require that the ALJ provide a coherent explanation of [her] reasoning." Lester v. Saul, No. 5:20-CV-01364, 2020 WL 8093313, at *14 (N.D. Ohio Dec. 11, 2020), report and recommendation adopted sub nom. Lester v. Comm'r of Soc. Sec., No. 5:20CV1364, 2021 WL 119287 (N.D. Ohio Jan. 13, 2021). At bottom, the new regulations "set forth a 'minimum level of articulation' to be provided in determinations and decisions, in order to 5 Case: 3:22-cv-00024-MJN-PBS Doc #: 10 Filed: 01/17/23 Page: 6 of 12 PAGEID #: 1097 'provide sufficient rationale for a reviewing adjudicator or court.'" Warren I. v. Comm'r of Soc. Sec., No. 5:20-CV-495 (ATB), 2021 WL 860506, at *8 (N.D.N.Y. Mar. 8, 2021) (quoting 82 Fed. Reg. 5844-01, 5858 (January 18, 2017)). An "ALJ's failure to meet these minimum levels of articulation frustrates [the] court's ability to determine whether [the plaintiff's] disability determination was supported by substantial evidence." Id. In this case, Plaintiff alleges that the ALJ erred in his review of the opinions provided by the state agency reviewing psychologists, Aracelis Rivera, Psy.D., and Robyn Murry-Hoffman, Ph.D., and the state agency reviewing physicians, Abraham Mikalov, M.D., and Venkatachala Sreenivas, M.D. (Doc. #7, PageID #s 1057-60). Dr. Rivera reviewed Plaintiff's records in May 2019. (Doc. #5-3, PageID #s 102-19). She opined that Plaintiff is capable of understanding and remembering simple and routine one-to-three step tasks and of carrying out such tasks in an environment with low production quotas and flexible time constraints. Id. at 114-15. Additionally, although he should not work with the general public as part of his regular duties, he is capable of interacting with supervisors and coworkers occasionally and primarily superficially. Id. at 115. He could adapt to occasional and easily explained changes in a work setting. Id. at 116. Dr. Murry-Hoffman reviewed Plaintiff's records in October 2019 and agreed with Dr. Rivera's assessment. Id. at 121-38. The ALJ found the opinions of Dr. Rivera and Dr. Murry-Hoffman to be "partially persuasive." (Doc. #5-2, PageID #36). He noted that Dr. Rivera and Dr. Murry-Hoffman based their opinions on their reviews of the record, their expertise, and program knowledge. Id. The ALJ concluded that Dr. Rivera's and Dr. Murry-Hoffman's opinions were "somewhat consistent with symptoms and limitations noted in the record, such as depression, anxiety, panic attacks, drug 6 Case: 3:22-cv-00024-MJN-PBS Doc #: 10 Filed: 01/17/23 Page: 7 of 12 PAGEID #: 1098 dependence, agitation, anger, appetite changes, decreased concentration, and racing thoughts." Id. (citation omitted). However, the ALJ also found that Dr. Murry-Hoffman did not address her limitations in "vocationally relevant terms." Id. Accordingly, the ALJ indicated that he adopted Dr. Murry-Hoffman's limitations but "adjusted the production quotas and time constraint language to reflect vocationally relevant terms." Id. Plaintiff argues that the ALJ erred in his evaluation of Dr. Rivera and Dr. Murry-Hoffman's opinions. Specifically, Plaintiff asserts that the ALJ erred in his "election to dilute and/or modify the limitations identified by Drs. Rivera and Murry-Hoffman in purported service of using 'language to reflect vocationally relevant terms.'" (Doc. #7, PageID #1059) (quoting Doc. #5-2, PageID #36). Plaintiff asserts that Dr. Rivera and Dr. Murry-Hoffman's limitations are greater than those identified by the ALJ. Id. Furthermore, Plaintiff points out that the ALJ's RFC does not account for Dr. Rivera and Dr. Murry-Hoffman's opinion that Plaintiff would need flexible time constraints. The Commissioner disagrees, asserting that "a common-sense reading of the assessed residual functional capacity and prior findings, in conjunction with the record evidence as a whole, make it apparent that they describe the same restriction and are supported by substantial evidence." (Doc. #8, PageID #1081). As noted above, Dr. Rivera and Dr. Murry-Hoffman opined that Plaintiff was capable of work in an environment with low production quotas and flexible time constraints. (Doc. #5-3, PageID #s 115, 134). Although the ALJ indicated that he adopted their opinions, the ALJ limited Plaintiff to "no fast-paced production work or jobs that involve strict production quotas." (Doc. #5-2, PageID #39). 7 Case: 3:22-cv-00024-MJN-PBS Doc #: 10 Filed: 01/17/23 Page: 8 of 12 PAGEID #: 1099 There are two primary differences between the limitations opined by Dr. Rivera and Dr. Murry-Hoffman and the ALJ's RFC. First, a limitation to jobs without fast-paced production work or strict production quotas is not equivalent to a limitation to jobs with low production quotas. Second, the ALJ's RFC does not limit Plaintiff to jobs with "flexible time constraints." As Plaintiff succinctly stated, "not fast is not inherently flexible." (Doc. #7, PageID #1059). Accordingly, the undersigned finds that Dr. Rivera and Dr. Murry-Hoffman's opined limitations are greater than those set forth by the ALJ. Yet, as the Commissioner correctly observed, the ALJ is not required to adopt a medical opinion verbatim. (Doc. #8, PageID #1081) (citing Reeves v. Comm'r of Soc. Sec., 618 F. App'x 267, 275 (6th Cir. 2015)); see also Poe v. Comm'r of Soc. Sec., 342 F. App'x 149, 157 (6th Cir. 2009) ("Although the ALJ may not substitute his opinion for that of a physician, he is not required to recite the medical opinion of a physician verbatim in his residual functional capacity finding."). However, when the ALJ finds a physician's opinion to be "partially persuasive" and indicates that he has adopted the physician's opinions, he must incorporate the opined limitations or provide an explanation for declining to do so. See Wood v. Comm'r of Soc. Sec., No. 3:18-CV-76, 2019 WL 1614591, at *3 (S.D. Ohio Apr. 16, 2019), report and recommendation adopted, No. 3:18-CV-76, 2019 WL 1958663 (S.D. Ohio May 2, 2019) ("the ALJ must meaningfully explain why certain limitations are not included in the RFC determination, especially when, as here, such limitations are set forth in an opinion the ALJ weighs favorably."); Cooper v. Comm'r of Soc. Sec., No. 2:18CV-67, 2018 WL 6287996, at *5 (S.D. Ohio Dec. 3, 2018), report and recommendation adopted, No. 2:18-CV-67, 2019 WL 95496 (S.D. Ohio Jan. 3, 2019) (citing Queen v. Comm'r of Soc. Sec., No. 2:16-cv-1082, 2017 WL 6523296, at *9-10 (S.D. Ohio Dec. 21, 2017) (remanding where the 8 Case: 3:22-cv-00024-MJN-PBS Doc #: 10 Filed: 01/17/23 Page: 9 of 12 PAGEID #: 1100 ALJ "failed to include at least one limitation" from an opinion he had assigned great weight without explaining the omission)). Here, the ALJ's one reason for departing from the physicians' opinion—a lack of "vocationally relevant terms"—fails to adequately explain why he limited Plaintiff to "no fastpaced production work or jobs that involve strict production quotas" instead of "low production quotas and flexible time constraints" as recommended by Dr. Rivera and Dr. Murry-Hoffman. The ALJ's failure to provide such an explanation requires remand because it prevents this Court from conducting meaningful review to determine whether substantial evidence supports his decision. See Reynolds v. Comm'r of Soc. Sec., 424 F. App'x 411, 414 (6th Cir. 2011) (noting that an ALJ's decision "must include a discussion of 'findings and conclusions, and the reasons or basis therefor, on all the material issues of fact, law, or discretion presented on the record.'" (quoting 5 U.S.C. § 557(c)(3)(A))); Allen v. Astrue, No. 5:11CV1095, 2012 WL 1142480, at *8 (N.D. Ohio Apr. 4, 2012) (remanding where "the ALJ failed to properly articulate the RFC calculation," explaining that the Court was "unable to trace the path of the ALJ's reasoning"); Commodore v. Astrue, No. 10-295, 2011 WL 4856162, at *4, 6 (E.D. Ky. Oct. 13, 2011) (remanding action "with instructions to provide a more thorough written analysis," where the ALJ failed to articulate the reasons for his RFC findings such that the Court could not "conduct a meaningful review of whether substantial evidence supports the ALJ's decision"); Cote v. Colvin, No. 16-CV-57-SLC, 2017 WL 448617, at *7 (W.D. Wis. Feb. 2, 2017) (requiring the ALJ to "build a logical bridge between the evidence and any social functioning limitations that he chooses to include in the residual functional capacity assessment"). 9 Case: 3:22-cv-00024-MJN-PBS Doc #: 10 Filed: 01/17/23 Page: 10 of 12 PAGEID #: 1101 Accordingly, for the above reasons, Plaintiff's Statement of Errors is well taken.3 B. Remand A remand is appropriate when the ALJ's decision is unsupported by substantial evidence or when the ALJ failed to follow the Administration's own regulations and that shortcoming prejudiced the plaintiff on the merits or deprived the plaintiff of a substantial right. Bowen, 478 F.3d at 746. Remand may be warranted when the ALJ failed to provide "good reasons" for rejecting a treating medical source's opinions, see Wilson, 378 F.3d at 545-47; failed to consider certain evidence, such as a treating source's opinions, see Bowen, 478 F.3d at 747-50; failed to consider the combined effect of the plaintiff's impairments, see Gentry, 741 F.3d at 725-26; or failed to provide specific reasons supported by substantial evidence for finding the plaintiff lacks credibility, see Rogers, 486 F.3d at 249. Under sentence four of 42 U.S.C. § 405(g), the Court has authority to affirm, modify, or reverse the Commissioner's decision "with or without remanding the cause for rehearing." Melkonyan v. Sullivan, 501 U.S. 89, 99 (1991). Consequently, a remand under sentence four may result in the need for further proceedings or an immediate award of benefits. E.g., Blakley, 581 F.3d at 410; Felisky v. Bowen, 35 F.3d 1027, 1041 (6th Cir. 1994). The latter is warranted where the evidence of disability is overwhelming or where the evidence of disability is strong while contrary evidence is lacking. Faucher v. Sec'y of Health & Human Servs., 17 F.3d 171, 176 (6th Cir. 1994). 3 In light of the above discussion, and the resulting need to remand this case, an in-depth analysis of Plaintiff's other challenges to the ALJ's decision is unwarranted. 10 Case: 3:22-cv-00024-MJN-PBS Doc #: 10 Filed: 01/17/23 Page: 11 of 12 PAGEID #: 1102 A judicial award of benefits is unwarranted in the present case because the evidence of disability is not overwhelming and the evidence of disability is not strong while contrary evidence is lacking. However, Plaintiff is entitled to have this case remanded to the Social Security Administration pursuant to sentence four of § 405(g) due to the problems discussed above. On remand, the ALJ should be directed to evaluate the evidence of record, including the medical source opinions, under the applicable legal criteria mandated by the Commissioner's Regulations and Rulings and by case law; and to evaluate Plaintiff's disability claim under the required fivestep sequential analysis to determine anew whether Plaintiff was under a disability and whether his application for Supplemental Security Income should be granted. IT IS THEREFORE RECOMMENDED THAT: 1. The Commissioner's non-disability finding be vacated; 2. No finding be made as to whether Plaintiff was under a "disability" within the meaning of the Social Security Act; 3. This matter be REMANDED to the Social Security Administration under sentence four of 42 U.S.C. § 405(g) for further consideration consistent with this Decision and Entry; and 4. The case be terminated on the Court's docket. January 17, 2023 s/ Peter B. Silvain, Jr. Peter B. Silvain, Jr. United States Magistrate Judge 11 Case: 3:22-cv-00024-MJN-PBS Doc #: 10 Filed: 01/17/23 Page: 12 of 12 PAGEID #: 1103 NOTICE REGARDING OBJECTIONS Pursuant to Fed. R. Civ. P. 72(b), any party may serve and file specific, written objections to the proposed findings and recommendations within FOURTEEN days after being served with this Report and Recommendations. Pursuant to Fed. R. Civ. P. 6(d), this period is extended to SEVENTEEN days because this Report is being served by one of the methods of service listed in Fed. R. Civ. P. 5(b)(2)(C), (D), (E), or (F). Such objections shall specify the portions of the Report objected to and shall be accompanied by a memorandum of law in support of the objections. If the Report and Recommendation is based in whole or in part upon matters occurring of record at an oral hearing, the objecting party shall promptly arrange for the transcription of the record, or such portions of it as all parties may agree upon or the Magistrate Judge deems sufficient, unless the assigned District Judge otherwise directs. A party may respond to another party's objections within FOURTEEN days after being served with a copy thereof. Failure to make objections in accordance with this procedure may forfeit rights on appeal. See Thomas v. Arn, 474 U.S. 140 (1985); United States v. Walters, 638 F.2d 947, 949-50 (6th Cir. 1981). 12


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Post by ober on Jul 18, 2010 21:47:40 GMT -5
According to an interview conducted by Eleanor Hinman with Short Buffalo on July 13, 1930, Crazy Horse would seem to have missed the fight with Reno. Short Buffalo called out to Crazy Horse that he had missed the fight and in response Crazy Horse replied that he was sorry to have missed the fight, but that there was a "good fight coming over the hill". In the interview, Short Buffalo says the exchange occurred after Reno's men were on the run across the creek.
Post by conz on Jul 19, 2010 12:22:24 GMT -5
Michno has this discussion happening at 3411, atop the bluff, as CH is watching Custer's column move up Luce Ridge...hence, the comment by CH.
Michno and Bray believe that CH charged in on the tail of Reno, hence having "missed the fight," but they he chased Reno across the river, ending up on the bluffs, whereupon he saw both Benteen and Custer's columns (and probably the trains, as well).
Ober,
I thought your message looked familiar. Think you will find this interesting. In Stephen E Ambrose book "Crazy Horse and Custer" pg 438 he states the exact same thing almost word for word. Since Miss Hinman had the interview in 1930 and this book was written in 1985 it can pretty much be assumed that Ambrose did a little more plagiarizing. I say this since he gave no credit that his statement was based on an interview by Miss Hinman
May the man rest in peace, he was a fine historian but when it comes to the LBH I think we should read his works carefully.Fred was completely accurate in his thoughts on Ambrose.
Post by bc on Jul 19, 2010 19:31:25 GMT -5
Jul 19, 2010 12:22:24 GMT -5 @conz said:
All right then, was it CH that was the straw that broke Reno's back? (might make an interesting newsletter story title)(Too bad I don't have an primary sources.)
Reno orders mount, then dismount. Then sees CH et.al coming and orders his mount again and charge? Could Reno have seen CH's approach from his timber position? (I'm not sure he could.)
Last Edit: Jul 19, 2010 23:04:31 GMT -5 by bc
Post by bluehorse on Jul 20, 2010 6:49:41 GMT -5
I seem to remember many many years back when I first started reading about this battle that it was assumed that Crazy Horse and those that followed him had used a ford that may have been even further North than either of the 2 fords D's, somewhere near an iron bridge if I remember rightly, and that he then swung South and Eastish, probably following what is now the entance road to the battlefield using a long ravine that brought him down towards Keogh and I companies postion. Even back then I have to say that I thought it was a heck of a long route to take to get into the action, and as such would have consumed far too much time.
When I eventually got to the battlefiled and spent some time walking and re-walking it, I was very surprised to find how narrow and shallow the ravine or cut that he is said to have used actually is. Now like many features on the battlefield it may have filled in somewhat, or even changed in other ways, but even so, it seems highly unlikely that mounted horsemen could have used it to infiltrate so close to soldiers without their having been seen long before.
On a seperate note, I also read that Keogh and many of the group he was found lying amongst, had been killed as the result of a volley fired by a number of Indians on foot from that small cut or ravine, fired, if memory serves me right from close to a small stunted tree that was still there many years after the battle. Now this could just have some basis in truth, by that I mean that some warriors could have used the feature to hide in and fire at the soldiers from comparitive safety.
The same could be said of the low line of bluff like features a few hundred yards to the east of that cut. They run for quite some distance, and would have provided any number of warriors who had circled east of the Calhoun postion to lie down and fire across at soldiers either up on the ridge opposite, or those stationed just below the ridge, without being in any great danger themselves. In fact I'm pretty sure that this happened and may in fact have caused Keogh to send part of his company down into the swale to try and deal with it. But before they could the whole postion began to come under attack from several different directions, including those charges led by White Bull and maybe Crazy Horse which came from the sothern end of that feature
Blue Horse.
Bluehorse, the iron railroad bridge is the alleged location of the two D fords. There is an open loop behind and south of it as seen in the 1879 photo of Sanderson's camp. The original theory was that CH came up and around Cemetery ravine along the north side of hwy 212 and hit LSH from the north and over the top of the present day NA memorial.
The straw that broke Reno's back would be a good name for a newsletter article. Too bad I don't have much access to primary sources besides the RCOI.
Jul 19, 2010 19:31:25 GMT -5 bc said:
All right then, was it CH that was the straw that broke Reno's back?
I believe Bray believes so...it is implied in his account. I suppose Crazy Horse devotees believe this. But there is no way to tell. I'm sure the Army survivors could not distinguish between Crazy Horse's additional group and the Warriors that they were already fighting. Reno did not say in any of his reports that a sudden increase in pressure from a huge mounted horde inspired him to leave suddenly. But that doesn't mean that he didn't "feel" this pressure about to hit him...several hundred hard charging mounted Warriors make quite a signature.
Reno would feel this signature, even if he didn't distinguish it. Custer would see and feel this movement, too, from whereever he was at the time. Crazy Horse's huge mounted movement from his Oglalla/Cheyenne village to Reno's fight location was a BIG battlefield event that I think most historians gloss over.
Crazy Horse Jan 3, 2011 19:55:39 GMT -5
Post by strange on Jan 3, 2011 19:55:39 GMT -5
Since we don't have a photograph of Crazyhorse, the next best thing is to look at his relatives and hope that one of them has a striking resemblance that matches the various accounts from people who have seen or sketched him.
The first relative lookalike I submit is his young cousin Black Elk. He was twelve at the time of Little Bighorn and died in 1950!
I think he, more than anyone else, is likely the person who may look the most like Crazy Horse. He also closely resembles a sketching that I will post next.
Last Edit: Jan 3, 2011 19:56:32 GMT -5 by strange
Here below is a sketching of Crazy Horse which I think has a very good resemblance to Black Elk also. Elk also has a modest build and does not seem particularly tall or bulky, thus Black Elk is my vote for the relative who most resembles Crazy Horse.
Crazy Horse Aug 8, 2011 22:23:44 GMT -5
Post by strange on Aug 8, 2011 22:23:44 GMT -5
Does anyone actually still know where Crazy Horse is buried or does any one think that the families might be bluffing when the say they know where he is but its a "secret"?
Also, I know that lots of people have recovered and collected soldier items like jakcets and guns and knives and things... are there any items from famous Indians that are on display or out being collected? Does anyone hold onto Crazy Horse's clothing or weapons and things? Gall? Others?
I know Sitting Bull has a death mask, Indian drawings are also on display, and I know that an assortment of indian apparel and other items can be seen at various places but I'd like to know if there are clothes and weapons directly linked to Indians other than what passes through some of their hands from looting and so forth.
lancestallion
Post by lancestallion on Aug 8, 2011 23:21:24 GMT -5
This is where I believe he is:
www.chadrad.com/newsstory.cfm?story=14448
www.nebraskalife.com/crazyhorse.asp
Crazy Horse Aug 9, 2011 1:54:34 GMT -5
Post by strange on Aug 9, 2011 1:54:34 GMT -5
Aug 8, 2011 23:21:24 GMT -5 lancestallion said:
I liked the part in one of these links where a witka, eggman, was mentioned. My great great grandparents fed eggs to indians also. Mom says they'd come up and say "Chicky, chicky, chicky.." and then you hand them their eggs.
bandboxtroop
Major (Crazy Dog Warrior)
Post by bandboxtroop on Aug 9, 2011 3:29:58 GMT -5
Strange I use to like to beleive that the Sioux were still hoarding 7th items but after watching the Vanguard episode on Pine Ridge Reservation the rapes murders crime etc they sell anything they can get to buy booze and drugs I think Dr Marquis got the last 7th items in 1927 before the tribe became bottom feeders. As for Crazy Horse Im sure his grave would be looted if they knew where it was. Spotted Wolfes grave is known to his family and he was buried with some 7th items but I would never mention where and I hope anyone who trys to loot a grave site comes up missing.
Crazy Horse: A Lakota Life, by Kingsley Bray:
"Twenty-five minutes earlier, as Red Feather had galloped out to meet Reno, he had left Crazy Horse waiting for his horses to be driven in. As volley firing and whoops signaled the progress of the fight a mile upstream, Crazy Horse continued to prepare himself methodically for battle. A knot of the war chief's bodyguard and his closest comrades, including the brothers Kicking Bear and Flying Hawk, awaited his preparations."
"These lengthy preparations had taken twenty minutes or more, but despite restive followers, Crazy Horse refused to be rushed, acting 'very coolly' all the while…he addressed his followers. Riding along the line, his right hand raised in admonition, the left cradling the Winchester against his hip, Crazy Horse talked 'calmly to them…telling them to restrain their ardor till the right time when he should give the word…"
"At about 3:45, Crazy Horse turned his pony toward the battle. Followed by Kicking Bear, he led a stream of Oglala warriors at a run…women, clustering on the hillsides, sounded the tremolo of praise, a note picked up by the shrill of war whistles as Crazy Horse approached the battlefield. Down in the timber, Black Elk heard, over the clamor, the 'thunder of the ponies charging,' and voices shouting, 'Crazy Horse is coming!' On the hillside, the cry for a charge was heard, 'Hokahe!' and hundreds more warriors streamed toward the timber."
"One trooper riding a wounded horse made a target for Crazy Horse, who squeezed off a shot from his Winchester rifle that hit the soldiers squarely between the shoulder blades, pitching him forward out of the saddle. The war chief's cousin Eagle Elk witnessed another assault that involved Crazy Horse during the race upstream…"
"Without pausing to cover the crossing, soldiers plunged their horses down the bank and into the river. 'Crazy Horse was ahead of all, and he killed a lot of them with his war-club' recalled Flying Hawk; 'he pulled them off their horses when they tried to get across the river where the bank was steep. Kicking Bear was right beside him and he killed many too in the water.'
"Although most warriors stayed across the river to gather horses and loot clothing, arms, and ammunition, a sizeable force followed the rout over the Little Bighorn. Crazy Horse, followed by a group of Oglalas, scrambled his pony up the hillside just downstream of the soldiers. As the warriors topped the bluff, they saw the soldiers forming skirmish lines…Crazy Horse began to rid along the hilltop, scanning the line of bluffs downstream to assess the overall situation. His keen eyes suddenly noticed a larger body of troops climbing a ridge, two miles northward, that commanded the lower end of the village." [ref was to Short Bull's testimony]
"Wheeling his pony, Crazy Horse led his followers back across the river…as they neared the upstream camps, ragged fire became audible from the vicinity of the village ford; minutes later, a double volley sounded from the eastern ridge where Crazy Horse had first noticed the new soldier threat." [ref. Flying Hawk]


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text:
Blocking (statistics)
In the statistical theory of the design of experiments, blocking is the arranging of experimental units in groups (blocks) that are similar to one another.
1 Use
2 Randomized block design
2.1 Blocking used for nuisance factors that can be controlled
2.2 Definition of blocking factors
2.3 Block a few of the most important nuisance factors
2.4 Table
2.5.1 Description of the experiment
2.5.2 Matrix representation
2.6 Model
2.7 Estimates
2.8 Generalizations
3 Theoretical basis
UseEdit
Blocking reduces unexplained variability. Its principle lies in the fact that variability which cannot be overcome (e.g. needing two batches of raw material to produce 1 container of a chemical) is confounded or aliased with a(n) (higher/highest order) interaction to eliminate its influence on the end product. High order interactions are usually of the least importance (think of the fact that temperature of a reactor or the batch of raw materials is more important than the combination of the two - this is especially true when more (3, 4, ...) factors are present); thus it is preferable to confound this variability with the higher interaction.
ExamplesEdit
Male and Female: An experiment is designed to test a new drug on patients. There are two levels of the treatment, drug, and placebo, administered to male and female patients in a double blind trial. The sex of the patient is a blocking factor accounting for treatment variability between males and females. This reduces sources of variability and thus leads to greater precision.
Elevation: An experiment is designed to test the effects of a new pesticide on a specific patch of grass. The grass area contains a major elevation change and thus consists of two distinct regions - 'high elevation' and 'low elevation'. A treatment group (the new pesticide) and a placebo group are applied to both the high elevation and low elevation areas of grass. In this instance the researcher is blocking the elevation factor which may account for variability in the pesticides application.
Intervention: Suppose a process is invented that intends to make the soles of shoes last longer, and a plan is formed to conduct a field trial. Given a group of n volunteers, one possible design would be to give n/2 of them shoes with the new soles and n/2 of them shoes with the ordinary soles, randomizing the assignment of the two kinds of soles. This type of experiment is a completely randomized design. Both groups are then asked to use their shoes for a period of time, and then measure the degree of wear of the soles. This is a workable experimental design, but purely from the point of view of statistical accuracy (ignoring any other factors), a better design would be to give each person one regular sole and one new sole, randomly assigning the two types to the left and right shoe of each volunteer. Such a design is called a "randomized complete block design." This design will be more sensitive than the first, because each person is acting as his/her own control and thus the control group is more closely matched to the treatment group.
Randomized block designEdit
In the statistical theory of the design of experiments, blocking is the arranging of experimental units in groups (blocks) that are similar to one another. Typically, a blocking factor is a source of variability that is not of primary interest to the experimenter. An example of a blocking factor might be the sex of a patient; by blocking on sex, this source of variability is controlled for, thus leading to greater accuracy.
In Probability Theory the blocks method consists of splitting a sample into blocks (groups) separated by smaller subblocks so that the blocks can be considered almost independent. The blocks method helps proving limit theorems in the case of dependent random variables.
The blocks method was introduced by S. Bernstein:
Bernstein S.N. (1926) Sur l'extension du théorème limite du calcul des probabilités aux sommes de quantités dépendantes. Math. Annalen, v. 97, 1-59.
The method was successfully applied in the theory of sums of dependent random variables and in Extreme Value Theory:
Ibragimov I.A. and Linnik Yu.V. (1971) Independent and stationary sequences of random variables. Wolters-Noordhoff, Groningen.
Leadbetter M.R., Lindgren G. and Rootzén H. (1983) Extremes and Related Properties of Random Sequences and Processes. New York: Springer Verlag.
Novak S.Y. (2011) Extreme Value Methods with Applications to Finance. Chapman & Hall/CRC Press, London.
Blocking used for nuisance factors that can be controlledEdit
When we can control nuisance factors, an important technique known as blocking can be used to reduce or eliminate the contribution to experimental error contributed by nuisance factors. The basic concept is to create homogeneous blocks in which the nuisance factors are held constant and the factor of interest is allowed to vary. Within blocks, it is possible to assess the effect of different levels of the factor of interest without having to worry about variations due to changes of the block factors, which are accounted for in the analysis.
Definition of blocking factorsEdit
A nuisance factor is used as a blocking factor if every level of the primary factor occurs the same number of times with each level of the nuisance factor. The analysis of the experiment will focus on the effect of varying levels of the primary factor within each block of the experiment.
Block a few of the most important nuisance factorsEdit
The general rule is:
"Block what you can; randomize what you cannot."
Blocking is used to remove the effects of a few of the most important nuisance variables. Randomization is then used to reduce the contaminating effects of the remaining nuisance variables. For important nuisance variables, blocking will yield higher significance in the variables of interest than randomizing.
TableEdit
One useful way to look at a randomized block experiment is to consider it as a collection of completely randomized experiments, each run within one of the blocks of the total experiment.
Randomized Block Designs (RBD)
Name of Design
Number of Factors k
Number of Runs n
2-factor RBD 2 L1 * L2
3-factor RBD 3 L1 * L2 * L3
4-factor RBD 4 L1 * L2 * L3 * L4
⋮ {\displaystyle \vdots }
k-factor RBD k L1 * L2 * ⋯ {\displaystyle \cdots }
* Lk
L1 = number of levels (settings) of factor 1
Lk = number of levels (settings) of factor k
ExampleEdit
Suppose engineers at a semiconductor manufacturing facility want to test whether different wafer implant material dosages have a significant effect on resistivity measurements after a diffusion process taking place in a furnace. They have four different dosages they want to try and enough experimental wafers from the same lot to run three wafers at each of the dosages.
The nuisance factor they are concerned with is "furnace run" since it is known that each furnace run differs from the last and impacts many process parameters.
An ideal way to run this experiment would be to run all the 4x3=12 wafers in the same furnace run. That would eliminate the nuisance furnace factor completely. However, regular production wafers have furnace priority, and only a few experimental wafers are allowed into any furnace run at the same time.
A non-blocked way to run this experiment would be to run each of the twelve experimental wafers, in random order, one per furnace run. That would increase the experimental error of each resistivity measurement by the run-to-run furnace variability and make it more difficult to study the effects of the different dosages. The blocked way to run this experiment, assuming you can convince manufacturing to let you put four experimental wafers in a furnace run, would be to put four wafers with different dosages in each of three furnace runs. The only randomization would be choosing which of the three wafers with dosage 1 would go into furnace run 1, and similarly for the wafers with dosages 2, 3 and 4.
Description of the experimentEdit
Let X1 be dosage "level" and X2 be the blocking factor furnace run. Then the experiment can be described as follows:
k = 2 factors (1 primary factor X1 and 1 blocking factor X2)
L1 = 4 levels of factor X1
n = 1 replication per cell
N = L1 * L2 = 4 * 3 = 12 runs
Before randomization, the design trials look like:
Matrix representationEdit
An alternate way of summarizing the design trials would be to use a 4x3 matrix whose 4 rows are the levels of the treatment X1 and whose columns are the 3 levels of the blocking variable X2. The cells in the matrix have indices that match the X1, X2 combinations above.
By extension, note that the trials for any K-factor randomized block design are simply the cell indices of a k dimensional matrix.
ModelEdit
The model for a randomized block design with one nuisance variable is
Y i j = μ + T i + B j + r a n d o m e r r o r {\displaystyle Y_{ij}=\mu +T_{i}+B_{j}+\mathrm {random\ error} }
Yij is any observation for which X1 = i and X2 = j
X1 is the primary factor
X2 is the blocking factor
μ is the general location parameter (i.e., the mean)
Ti is the effect for being in treatment i (of factor X1)
Bj is the effect for being in block j (of factor X2)
EstimatesEdit
Estimate for μ : Y ¯ {\displaystyle {\overline {Y}}}
= the average of all the data
Estimate for Ti : Y ¯ i ⋅ − Y ¯ {\displaystyle {\overline {Y}}_{i\cdot }-{\overline {Y}}}
with Y ¯ i ⋅ {\displaystyle {\overline {Y}}_{i\cdot }}
= average of all Y for which X1 = i.
Estimate for Bj : Y ¯ ⋅ j − Y ¯ {\displaystyle {\overline {Y}}_{\cdot j}-{\overline {Y}}}
with Y ¯ ⋅ j {\displaystyle {\overline {Y}}_{\cdot j}}
= average of all Y for which X2 = j.
GeneralizationsEdit
Generalized randomized block designs (GRBD) allow tests of block-treatment interaction, and has exactly one blocking factor like the RCBD.
Latin squares (and other row-column designs) have two blocking factors that are believed to have no interaction.
Latin hypercube sampling
Graeco-Latin squares
Hyper-Graeco-Latin square designs
Theoretical basisEdit
The theoretical basis of blocking is the following mathematical result. Given random variables, X and Y
Var  ( X − Y ) = Var  ( X ) + Var  ( Y ) − 2 Cov  ( X , Y ) . {\displaystyle \operatorname {Var} (X-Y)=\operatorname {Var} (X)+\operatorname {Var} (Y)-2\operatorname {Cov} (X,Y).}
The difference between the treatment and the control can thus be given minimum variance (i.e. maximum precision) by maximising the covariance (or the correlation) between X and Y.
Algebraic statistics
Block design
Combinatorial design
Generalized randomized block design
Glossary of experimental design
Paired difference test
Randomized block design
Dependent and independent variables
This article incorporates public domain material from the National Institute of Standards and Technology website https://www.nist.gov.
Addelman, S. (1969). "The Generalized Randomized Block Design". The American Statistician. 23 (4): 35–36. doi:10.2307/2681737. JSTOR 2681737.
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Anscombe, F.J. (1948). "The Validity of Comparative Experiments". Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. A (General). 111 (3): 181–211. doi:10.2307/2984159. JSTOR 2984159. MR 0030181.
Bailey, R. A (2008). Design of Comparative Experiments. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-68357-9. Archived from the original on 2018-03-22. Pre-publication chapters are available on-line.
Bapat, R. B. (2000). Linear Algebra and Linear Models (Second ed.). Springer. ISBN 978-0-387-98871-9.
Caliński T. & Kageyama S. (2000). Block designs: A Randomization approach, Volume I: Analysis. Lecture Notes in Statistics. 150. New York: Springer-Verlag. ISBN 0-387-98578-6.
Caliński T. & Kageyama S. (2003). Block designs: A Randomization approach, Volume II: Design. Lecture Notes in Statistics. 170. New York: Springer-Verlag. ISBN 0-387-95470-8. MR 1994124.
Gates, C.E. (Nov 1995). "What Really Is Experimental Error in Block Designs?". The American Statistician. 49 (4): 362–363. doi:10.2307/2684574. JSTOR 2684574.
Kempthorne, Oscar (1979). The Design and Analysis of Experiments (Corrected reprint of (1952) Wiley ed.). Robert E. Krieger. ISBN 0-88275-105-0.
Hinkelmann, Klaus and Kempthorne, Oscar (2008). Design and Analysis of Experiments. I and II (Second ed.). Wiley. ISBN 978-0-470-38551-7. CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Hinkelmann, Klaus and Kempthorne, Oscar (2008). Design and Analysis of Experiments, Volume I: Introduction to Experimental Design (Second ed.). Wiley. ISBN 978-0-471-72756-9. CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Hinkelmann, Klaus and Kempthorne, Oscar (2005). Design and Analysis of Experiments, Volume 2: Advanced Experimental Design (First ed.). Wiley. ISBN 978-0-471-55177-5. CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Lentner, Marvin; Thomas Bishop (1993). "The Generalized RCB Design (Chapter 6.13)". Experimental design and analysis (Second ed.). P.O. Box 884, Blacksburg, VA 24063: Valley Book Company. pp. 225–226. ISBN 0-9616255-2-X. CS1 maint: location (link)
Raghavarao, Damaraju (1988). Constructions and Combinatorial Problems in Design of Experiments (corrected reprint of the 1971 Wiley ed.). New York: Dover. ISBN 0-486-65685-3.
Raghavarao, Damaraju and Padgett, L.V. (2005). Block Designs: Analysis, Combinatorics and Applications. World Scientific. ISBN 981-256-360-1. CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Shah, Kirti R. & Sinha, Bikas K. (1989). Theory of Optimal Designs. Lecture Notes in Statistics. 54. Springer-Verlag. pp. 171+viii. ISBN 0-387-96991-8.
Street, Anne Penfold & Street, Deborah J. (1987). Combinatorics of Experimental Design. Oxford U. P. [Clarendon]. pp. 400+xiv. ISBN 0-19-853256-3.
Wilk, M. B. (1955). "The Randomization Analysis of a Generalized Randomized Block Design". Biometrika. 42 (1–2): 70–79. doi:10.2307/2333423. JSTOR 2333423.
Zyskind, George (1963). "Some Consequences of randomization in a Generalization of the Balanced Incomplete Block Design". The Annals of Mathematical Statistics. 34 (4): 1569–1581. doi:10.1214/aoms/1177703889. JSTOR 2238364.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Blocking_(statistics)&oldid=935813749"


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