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You are at:Home»Park 360 Case Studies»Community Minded
About 100 team members from 12 parks around the country got together for a night of camping at the Go Ape Festival in Delaware last summer.
Go Ape USA Managing Director, Dan D'Agostino, addressing the tribe at Go Ape Festival 2015 in Bear, DE.
Crossing the pond at Go Ape Lums Pond in Bear, Delaware, as non-participants look on.
A guest coming down a zip line at Go Ape Freedom Park in Williamsburg, Va.
Guest climbing up rope ladder at Go Ape Freedom Park.
Crossing the stirrups at Go Ape Blue Jay Point in Raleigh, N.C.
Guest jumping off the Tarzan Swing at Go Ape Blue Jay Point in Raleigh, N.C.
Riding on a zip line.
A guest climbs a rope ladder onto the course as other guests look on.
Traversing the Tic Tac Toe crossing.
Community Minded
By April Darrow on November 6, 2015 Park 360 Case Studies
In the mid 2000s, Jenny and Dan D'Agostino and Chris Swallow were three consultants looking for a business partner with a "triple bottom line" view—not just focused on money, but also on doing the right thing and providing value to communities.
The trio stumbled across Go Ape, a U.K.-based network of aerial adventure parks that, while making a profit, also makes it a point to give back to local communities. The three brought the Go Ape franchise to the United States in 2010, setting up headquarters in Frederick, Md., and opening its first park in nearby Rockville.
Go Ape parks follow a unique business model: All are built in public parks—city, county, or municipal. The company provides an initial capital investment to each "park partner" for a treetop adventure course, and designs, builds, and operates it. Park partners pay nothing, but receive a percentage of each ticket sold to reinvest in their communities. The money helps maintain grounds and add new amenities.
Dan says it's a model similar to Tom's shoes, in which a portion of each sale goes to someone in need: "That's something we're really passionate about and believe in."
Like public parks in general, Go Ape is fueled by the philosophy that outdoor recreation should be available to everyone in a community, not just certain segments.
"Park departments work to distribute their goods to everybody, and Go Ape was aligned with these goals," says Dan. "Partnerships with park departments get everyone in the outdoors—kids, school groups, Baby Boomers, etc. It's an opportunity and an outdoor activity accessible to everybody."
The company makes it a priority to target non-profit and charitable groups, providing them free access to courses. According to its website, Go Ape annually donates more than $30,000 in cash and thousands of free tickets to local disadvantaged kids, and to organizations including the Wounded Warrior Project, the Leukemia and Lymphoma Society, and Big Brothers Big Sisters.
Park partners have contributed to some of these external and national partnerships, including Big Brothers Big Sisters. The company sponsored a "National Live Life Adventure Day" in which a free ticket was given to the organization for each ticket purchased. In all, 1,170 tickets were donated, adding to the more than 8,000 tickets donated to similar groups in 2015.
Common and Unique Elements
With a franchise operation, it's easy to envision a big-box-like chain of parks, each resembling the next. But Go Ape's designs aren't cookie cutter; they must adapt to the spaces in which they're built.
There are similarities, though. Each course uses a 5- to 10-acre footprint, and offers five different sections, starting with a rope ladder that leads into a tree canopy. From there, users find a variety of elements, typically 40 obstacles, five or six zip lines, and a few Tarzan swings. Each takes two to three hours to complete. Ticket prices are the same at all locations: $55 to $57 for adults aged 18 and up.
"It's extremely important for us to provide the same guest service at each park," says Dan. "That said, there is an opportunity to provide different things at each location, which is exciting from a design perspective."
The company is heavily focused on environmental sustainability, too. Trails are built with woodchips to reduce compaction of root systems, and platforms are not drilled into trees. Independent arborists inspect tree health before a course is built and during operation.
An extensive stewardship program also includes park clean-ups, a "Weed Warrior" program targeting non-native species, and building of bat and bird boxes. Participants are tapped from park staff as well as local non-profits and community organizations, like Boy Scouts. Educational interpretive signage is also provided.
Go Ape's 12 U.S. parks employ around 200 people. All receive training using an in-house program adopted from the U.K. At each park, teams go through "Go Ape University," a two-week curriculum that's required each year for anyone working at a course. The training includes online and on-site courses, and covers everything from safety to guest service to how to be a good partner to the public parks.
The company hosted a Go Ape Festival in Delaware last summer, inviting employees from around the country to camp for a night and get to know one another. Close to 100 showed up, driving from St. Louis, Memphis and all points in between. Such gatherings are important for the business, which recently received a corporate culture award from a well-known business trade magazine (watch for the announcement in a few weeks).
Five years in, Go Ape is becoming a recognizable brand. "Our vision has always been to be national and be a prominent outdoor brand in the U.S.," says Dan.
In the earlier days, he recalls, staff worked hard to identify and reach out to prospective park partners. Success has made that easier: Now, park departments are coming to them almost daily with opportunities.
Go Ape doubled the size of its business in 2014, and plans to add five parks per year moving forward. Locations are already determined for 2016, including Texas, Missouri, and Illinois, so the company is looking at 2017 and beyond. Giving back is a popular concept with public partners.
It's also one that Dan hopes other operators will embrace.
"While we believe in giving back," says Dan, "we also feel that we'll be able to inspire existing and new course operators to do the same."
April Darrow
April Darrow is a Denver-based editor and writer. She was communications director for the National Ski Patrol, where she captained Ski Patrol Magazine and other publications, and is a former editor of the NSAA Journal. Most recently, she served as copy editor for Heinrich Marketing, where her clients included Macy's, Bloomingdale's, Humana and Kroger.
To Grow Or Not To Grow
Walking on Air
Getting Schooled


Previous PostPrevious DIY Rustic Wood Tray. Love this tray for our coffee station in my kitchen! You can make it with some pallet wood boards and a bit of woodworking skills.
Next PostNext DIY Farmhouse Dining Room buffet – Could be a great TV console, sofa table, entryway table, kitchen island, so much more! Great tutorial and farmhouse style decor inspiration!


Piyush Goyal, Minister of Railways & Coal has recently launched two mobile apps In line with Digital India initiatives.
IRCTC has developed Rail Menu app with an aim to create awareness among the passengers for the items served to them on their Rail Journey.
This app is launched to accelerate the passenger grievance redressal. Railway Passenger Grievance Redressal and Management System comprises many novel features including 'Rail Madad'. The app can be used to register complaints and it supports real-time feedback on the status of redressal of their complaints.
It registers a complaint with minimum inputs from passengers, issues unique ID instantly and relays the complaint online to relevant field officials for immediate action. The action taken on complaint is also relayed to passenger through SMS, thus fast-tracking the entire process of redressal of complaints through digitisation.
It registers a complaint with minimum inputs from passengers, issues unique ID instantly and relays the complaint online to relevant field officials for immediate action. The action taken on the complaint is also relayed to the passenger through SMS, thus fast-tracking the entire process of redressal of complaints through digitisation.
Which of the following apps is discussed in the above-given paragraph?


Review by AllTheBestFights.com: 2015-08-04, disappointing fight between Jerome Le Banner and Karl Roberson: it gets two stars.
The 42-year-old Jerome Le Banner (18 years older than Roberson) entered this fight with a kickboxing record of 80-22-2 (65 KOs=81%) and he is ranked as the No.16 heavyweight in the world while his opponent, Karl Roberson (who replaces Maurice Jackson), is just at his 3rd professional fight! 'Geronimo' Le Banner suffered his last defeat in 2013 when he faced Sergei Kharitonov (=Le Banner vs Kharitonov), since then he has won three bouts beating Claudiu Istrate in his last fight (=Le Banner vs Istrate). Le Banner vs Roberson, main event of Fight Night Saint Tropez III, is valid for the WKN Kickboxing World Super Heavyweight title and it is Le Banner's retirement fight. Watch the video and rate this fight!


Fork extensions are designed to extend the normal fork length, allowing long or out of reach loads to be handled. A removable heel pin allows for drive in entry, removing the need for manual lifting when fitting whilst ensuring the fork extensions are safely secured to the pallet fork/truck forks.
Fork width up to 5"


The Graphic Map allows children and teens to chart the significant points related to a particular item or group of items, such as chapters in a book, amounts of money spent, events during a day, month, year, or life, or scenes in a play. For each point, the child or teen chooses a rank that shows how positive or negative the point is. This online tool creates a graphic representation of these ranked points that displays related images and descriptions.
Users begin by choosing the items to list on their graphic maps- book chapters, money, time, scenes from something they have read, or another topic altogether. Then, children choose how they want to rank those items. Finally, they can write their own descriptions and choose images to represent their entries. The amount of writing can vary by the age of the user. Graphic maps can be printed and shared with others. An example graphic map shows major events in a novel.
Invite children to choose significant events in their lives, rate them, graph them, and write about one or more.
When getting together with family and friends, older children can interview others to gather stories and event information, and then share the information from their interviews using a graphic map.
After reading or listening to books, ask children of all ages to chart the texts they have read, assigning a value to each.
Ask older children to learn more about one or more of their favorite people. Create a graphic map about their lives.


Discussion in 'Ranchero Tech Reference & Articles' started by grebaba, May 31, 2018.
Hot Rod .com has a nice artical about a Ranchero taken out of a shipping container and what they did to get it running and how to detail it.
Good artical and a real nice Ranchero.
andrewok1 and FordR500GT like this.
You are welcome. I though it was an interesting find and a nice looking car.


Get your guide and go fishing at Lake Casitas with Ojai Angler!
Living in Southern California you might have heard of a small town called Julian. A California Historical Landmark in San Diego County is very popular during apple season, but we decided to give it try for our Spring Vacation.
We stayed in a small cabin that on the property had a cute little pond. We explored the different types of birds from wild turkey to wood peckers, tons of ladybugs, tadpoles, and frogs! For this trip we really just wanted to get close to nature and of course my husband wanted to go fishing!
Not having any luck at the pond we went to a nearby Lake Cuyamaca, it only took about 15 minutes from where we were (nearby town) to get there. And look at that view! This place was beautiful! The picture above has no filter! You can fish, boat, and camp there. They even have a restaurant with a great view of the lake. I unfortunately had a bad experience there waiting around to put a to-go order. They didn't acknowledge me for fifteen minutes, and after serving someone else ahead of me and nothing I left. Instead we had pizza which was delicious from Wynola Pizza and Bistro. While my husband and the oldest fished, I entered the little one with the worms.
What a great surprise. As you first arrive, it doesn't look like much, a bit of a junkyard maybe. Of course, this junkyard has a couple of relic cars so it's cool. As soon as I got out of the car I was pleasantly greeted by a man who ended up being one of the brothers who own the mine. It was a Monday so there were just us and another family. Craig said he was off that day doing chores and his brother Carl (pretty sure this was his name) was inside and will do the tour for us. We ventured in and found Carl sitting in his rocking chair, he was a little gruff at first but once he got talking he was really great. We checked out the store/museum a bit while we waited to see if others arrived. After a few minutes he started the tour with just us and the other family (10 total).
Just walking into the mine is exciting, you go about 1,000 feet in, which at first seemed like it wasn't much but 1,000 feet into a mine is really far. Carl gave so many details about the mine and mining in general it made for an amazing tour. They show you the quartz which holds veins of gold, the tools they used over the decades, and the rails for the mining cars which run all through the mine. You see off shoots of tunnels, climb a steep but safe ladder to another level and they shut the lights off and use a candle at the assessors desk to get a feel for what it was like 150 years ago. Aside from having to duck a few times from the low ceiling in spots and getting some dust (it is a mine after all) you feel really safe, and my kids really liked it.
This isn't it either, after you finish touring the inside of the mine you get to pan for gold. He shows you a really good technique and the kids panned for quite some time and were able to find plenty of specs of gold. I know everyone enjoyed this part, the kids, teens and adults; I could hear everyone when they'd say...."I found some". You'd think we actually found gold... wait it supposedly is real gold, not that you get to take it home though. I get the feeling Craig and Carl (there was another gentlemen with a long beard there that was nice and talkative too I see his picture in other tours) will talk to you about the mine for as long as you'll be willing to listen and will answer any of your questions. Now, like I said, we were the only ones there, so maybe on busy days they have to keep giving tours so maybe they can't sit and talk to you all day. I am really glad we stumbled on to this Gem (pun intended) of an adventure and would love to go again.
For more information about the Eagle And High Peak Mine Tour call (760) 765-0036.
We were planning to visit California Wolf Center, but since I wasn't feeling well then we couldn't make it happen. I think we will go again to Julian as there were hikes and other places that we didn't explore.
Oh and how could I forget the PIE!!!! Now I am not typically a pie person, but I didn't care about my toothache all I wanted to do was eat this Apple Pie!
So tell me have you ever been to Julian? What places should we explore there?
As you know we do a lot of camping and hiking, I thought it would be a great post to show you how I use Palmolive Dish Soap as we explore nature. Ready to get outdoors? First head to Walmart to purchase Palmolive Dish Soap located in the Dish Detergent aisle.
Fill a spray bottle with water and add a dash of Palmolive Dish Soap. Spray around the picnic area, tent or trailer. A few minutes later they are gone. I do this when we get to the campground as we are setting up. Also works with wasps and hornet nests.
If you are hiking and run across Poison Oak or Poison Ivy wash the affected area with Palmolive Dish Soap this will keep it from spreading.
So you have been camping for several days and when you get home you have tons of laundry to do and some of them have food stains. Add little Palmolive Dish Soap to the stain, let it sit for a couple of minutes and then just throw it in the washer.
You go out for a hike and are surprised by a Skunk! If you or your dog get sprayed take a shower with Palmolive Dish Soap to get rid of the smell. I hope I never have to try this! Or if you just have a stinky dog give him a good wash with Palmolive Dish Soap. An added bonus it kills fleas!
I make these and pack in my backpack when I am going on a day hike. Way easier to carry than an ice pack. Pour some Palmolive Dish Soap into a freezer bag and then I put a second layer freezer bag just in case it leaks. Put it in the freezer and once frozen it ready to go.
Confession time. When we go camping sometimes we don't shower for days! Yes even if there are showers at the campground or a quick drive to get to we just don't. There is something that I love that when I get home from a camping trip to pampering myself. I start with a shower adding a dash of Palmolive Dish Soap to the shampoo. This gets rid of all the grease in my hair. I have a really oily skin so I also wash my face with it. And last but not lease when the kids are off to sleep I get my nails back by soaking my nails in Palmolive Dish Soap and warm water.
Of course wash your dishes with Palmolive Dish Soap while camping!
Oh and don't forget to enter the sweepstakes to win $2000 from Walmart!


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Personal FinanceProperty
It is now easier and cheaper for leaseholders to buy their homes
Millions of leaseholders will be given a new right to extend their lease by 990 years
By Rhys Gregory January 7, 2021
Millions of leaseholders will be given the right to extend their lease by a maximum term of 990 years at zero ground rent, the Housing Secretary Robert  Jenrick has announced today (7 January 2021).
Today's measures come as part of the biggest reforms to English property  law  for  forty years, fundamentally making home ownership fairer and more secure.
Under the current law many people face high ground rents, which combined with a mortgage, can make it feel like they are paying rent on a property they own. Freeholders can increase the amount of ground rent with little or no benefit seen to those faced with extra charges. It can also lengthen and lead to increased costs when buying or selling the property. Today's changes will mean that any leaseholder who chooses to extend their lease on their home will no longer pay any ground rent to the freeholder, enabling those who dream of fully owning their home to do so without cumbersome bureaucracy and additional, unnecessary and unfair expenses
For some leaseholders, these changes could save them thousands, to tens of thousands of pounds.
Housing  Secretary  Rt  Hon  Robert  Jenrick  MP said:
Across the country people are struggling to realise the dream of owning their own home but find the reality of being a leaseholder far too bureaucratic, burdensome and expensive.
We want to reinforce the security that home ownership brings by changing forever the way we own homes and end some of the worst practices faced by homeowners.
These reforms provide fairness for 4.5 million leaseholders and chart a course to a new system altogether.
The government is also now establishing a Commonhold Council – a partnership of leasehold groups, industry and government – that will prepare homeowners and the market for the widespread take-up of commonhold.
The commonhold model is widely used around the world and allows homeowners to own their property on a freehold basis, giving them greater control over the costs of home ownership. Blocks are jointly owned and managed, meaning when someone buys a flat or a house, it is truly theirs and any decisions about its future are theirs too
Professor Nick Hopkins, Commissioner for Property Law at the Law Commission said:
We are pleased to see Government taking its first decisive step towards the implementation of the Law Commission's recommendations to make enfranchisement cheaper and simpler. The creation of the Commonhold Council should help to reinvigorate commonhold, ensuring homeowners will be able to call their homes their own.
Under current rules, leaseholders of houses can only extend their lease once for 50 years with a ground rent. This compares to leaseholders of flats who can extend as often as they wish at a zero 'peppercorn' ground rent for 90 years. Today's changes mean both house and flat leaseholders will now be able to extend their lease to a new standard 990 years with a ground rent at zero.
A cap will also be introduced on ground rent payable when a leaseholder chooses to either extend their lease or become the freeholder.  An online calculator will be introduced to make it simpler for leaseholders to find out how much it will cost them to buy their freehold or extend their lease.
The Government is abolishing prohibitive costs like 'marriage value' and set the calculation rates to ensure this is fairer, cheaper and more transparent. An online calculator will be introduced to make it simpler for leaseholders to find out how much it will cost them to buy their freehold or extend their lease.
Rhys Gregory
Editor of Wales247.co.uk
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Work of Melanie Klein,.R.D. This can involve physical discomfort and even danger to life, as when a child who has taken food or drink is forced to consume large amounts. There is, however, much sanity that has a symptomatic quality, being charged with fear or denial of madness, fear or denial of the innate capacity of every human being to become unintegrated, depersonalized, and to feel that the world is unreal." (from "Primitive Emotional Development. Rhodes "Fathers and Sons". AT respite providers (sometimes called therapeutic parents) are to create an even tougher atmosphere so the child will feel he has it better with the parents. These techniques are also described as out-crazying the crazy or disturbing the disturbed. Thomas s writings and videos, from information revealed at the rebirthing trial of Connell Watkins the landlday essay prompts and Julie Ponder, and from shared between parents in online support groups shows how AT therapeutic foster parenting practices are directed at intimidation and dominance rather than at a responsive. Thomas lectures around the country and abroad, selling her videos and books through her company, Families by Design, and her non-profit organization savy (Stop Americas Violent Youth). Much, if not all, of the childrens behavior is suspected of stemming from evil and cunningly manipulative motives.
It hides and protects it, and it reacts to the adaptation failures and develops a pattern corresponding to the pattern of environmental failure. Isolation of the Child. It's time to relax. Herman "On the Use of Psychoanalytic Concepts in Organisational Social Science" by Lisl Klein "Seeing and Thinking: For an Understanding of Visual Culture" by Paolo Teobaldelli "Place, Space and Object Relations" by Juliet Fowler-Smith "The Birth Scene: Historical Perspectives". Of all the forms of punishment that parents use, the one with the worst side effects is physical punishment. Temple University psychologist, Laurence Steinberg, says that perfect parents just don't exist. Psychotherapy has to do with two people playing together. As I was reading it, I was thinking that this might be a good way to teach people how to be better parents. This is done through a ritual of compliance at the home of the therapeutic parent: The therapeutic parent gives the child orders, followed by the parent parroting the same orders. Over time, mothers tend to withdraw into this small circle of like-minded mothers whose lives are centered on their AT experiences and beliefs. Many children stay years with AT therapeutic foster parents after their two-week intensive with an AT therapist.
What you do matters. (One child in New Jersey died in such conditions.). If a child ever answers a question with an I dont know, it is erroneously taken as an indicator that the child is not getting adequate levels of oxygen to his brain, and so exercise is prescribed usually large numbers of pushups, jumping jacks (or. What is my child doing?
We were very excited and proud to celebrate the fact that 15 year old Lewis Shaw from Annan in Dumfries and Galloway had won the junior category of the..
In order to achieve this, an investigation into why there has been a shift of concern from market failure to government failure will be undertaken and relevant definitions will..


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The Islamic Trade in European Slaves
by Emmet Scott (December 2016)
It is common knowledge that, for over a thousand years, Arab and Muslim slavers took enormous numbers of men, women and children from sub-Saharan Africa. What is not so well known is that they took equally large numbers of people from Europe. As with Africa, Arab slave-taking in Europe began in the seventh century – shortly after the rise of Islam – and continued virtually without interruption into the modern epoch.
Modern Western culture, with its Anglo-centric world-view, has an almost obsessive preoccupation with the European trade in African slaves, a trade which commenced in the late fifteenth century and ended in the mid-nineteenth, but seems to have little knowledge of or interest in the equally intense Muslim trade in European slaves during the same epoch. This is a strange state of affairs, given the fact that, in general, the Europeans enslaved by the Muslims between the fifteenth and nineteenth centuries, were treated appallingly, and the trade had a long-term and devastating impact upon large areas of the continent.
As noted, Muslim slave-taking from Europe commenced almost immediately after the arrival of Islam on the word stage. These early slave raids had an immense impact upon European civilization and, as I have argued in some detail in Mohammed and Charlemagne Revisited, turned the entire Mediterranean into a war zone, broke the unity of the eastern and western branches of Roman civilization and Christendom in general, and essentially gave birth to the medieval world. With the Christian counter-attack, which commenced in the eleventh century with the Reconquitsa in Spain and the Crusades, Muslim slave-raiding abated somewhat, though it never actually ended. But following the emergence in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries of the Ottoman Turkish Empire, Islam was once again on the offensive; and with this renewed aggression came a vast expansion of the slave-trade.
It is impossible to be precise or anything approaching it when talking about the number of slaves taken from Europe in the five centuries following the rise of Ottoman power. However, what is clear is that three main theatres of slave-raiding emerged. The first and by far the most important of these was in south-east and central Europe, where Ottoman armies engaged in annual assaults upon Christian territories. As the Turkish armies moved ever northwards and westwards they captured and enslaved great numbers of Europeans, the vast majority of whom were sold in Constantinople and Anatolia. Raiding Christian territories was incessant and we hear that, "The primary aim of the [Ottoman] raiders was the acquisition of booty. The most important booty was humans who could be sold at the slave markets for a high price. After a successful attack thousands of prisoners of war were driven to the Ottoman markets. … No one was safe in the endangered areas – nobles and serfs could equally become slaves." (Eniko Csukovits, "Miraculous escapes from Ottoman captivity" in Geza David and Pal Foder (eds.) Ransom Slavery along the Ottoman Borders (Early Fifteenth – Early Eighteenth Centuries) (Leiden etc. Brill Academic, 2007) p. 5) As in other parts of the world, the Muslim slavers preferred young women and boys and these offered the highest price in the Turkish heartlands. Most of the boys were castrated and served as eunuchs, whilst the girls and women were destined for the harems of the Ottoman nobility.
It must not be imagined, as some might, that once a Christian territory was conquered and under tribute to the Ottomans that it was then immune from the attentions of the slavers. Unfortunately, this was not the case. Under sharia law the position of Christians was never secure, and Christian girls were regularly kidnapped by Muslim raiders and sold into the harems of Constantinople and Anatolia. In addition to this, Ottoman policy was to recruit Christian boys into the army and these youths formed the elite core of Janissaries. But they were "recruited" by force, essentially kidnapped from their families and never again seen by them. So, although the Janissaries cannot, strictly speaking, be described as slaves, they were the victims of kidnap and forcible conversion to an alien faith. We should note too that rebellion against Ottoman rule, a common enough occurrence in Europe, was invariably met with savage reprisal, involving massacre, torture and enslavement; so that the total number of Europeans enslaved by the Ottomans grew, over the centuries, to enormous proportions. How many, it is impossible to say, mainly because no reliable records are available. However, it is beyond question that the number ran into many millions, with estimates ranging anywhere from ten to forty million.
The next most important theatre of the Ottoman slave trade was a vast swathe of eastern Europe incorporating all of modern Ukraine and stretching into Russia proper almost as far as Moscow and the Lithuanian/Polish border. From the middle of the fourteenth centuries these territories were raided incessantly by Islamicized Tartars from the Crimea (the Khanate of Crimea) and from present-day Kazakhstan and eastern Russia (the Nogai Horde). The worst of the raiding in Russia occurred from 1441 onwards when the Crimea, or Crimean Khanate (a kingdom much larger than the Crimean Peninsula), became independent. According to historian Alan Fisher, up to three million Slavic peasants were enslaved by Tartar raiders operating from the Crimea between 1441 and 1774, when the Russians conquered the territory. (Alan Fisher, "Muscovy and the Black Sea Slave Trade," Canadian American Slavic Studies, Vol. 6 (1972), pp. 575-94) Almost all of these were sold into the Ottoman Empire as eunuchs, harem women and galley slaves. These raids, virtually unknown among Westerners, are recognized by historians as playing an enormous role in retarding Russia's economic and cultural development. They prevented the settlement and peopling of the Ukrainian steppe lands, a vast area which eventually was to become the breadbasket of Russia.
The slave-raids occurred on an annual basis, and reading contemporary accounts of them is harrowing. Consider for example the words of S. Herberstein, ambassador from Emperor Charles V to Muscovy in the 1520s, when he describes Mehmet Ghirey's slave-hunting expedition of 1521:
"He took with him from Muscovy so great a multitude of captives as would scarcely be considered credible; they say the number exceeded eight hundred thousand, part of whom he sold Kaffa to the Turks, and part he slew. The old and infirmed men, who will not fetch much at a sale, are given up to the Tatar youths, either to be stoned, or to be thrown into the sea, or to be killed by any sort of death they might please."
Mikhalon the Lithuanian wrote around 1550 in his book De moribus Tatarorum Litanuorum et Moscorum, "The Crimean Tatars have much more slaves than livestock. Therefore they supply them also to other lands. Many ships loaded with arms, clothes and horses came to them one after another from beyond the Pontus and from Asia, and left always from them with slaves. … So these plunderers always are in possession not only of slaves for trade with other people but also have slaves for their own estates and to satisfy at home their cruelty and waywardness. In fact we often find among these unfortunate people very strong men, who, if not castrated, are branded on the forehead or on the cheek, and are tormented by day at work and by night in dungeons."
It was to counter this incessant predation that the Cossacks, mounted peasant warriors, were originally formed; and indeed the Cossacks formed the vanguard of the resistance to the raiders over three centuries.
As we have seen, Alan Fisher and other historians estimate that during the three centuries of Tartar raiding about three million Slavic peasants from Russia, Poland and the Ukraine were captured and sold to the Ottomans. But even after the Russian conquest of the Crimea, the trade in European Christians from the east did not cease; the Ottoman slavers simply directed their attentions further south, where the ancient Christian peoples of the Caucasus, Georgians, Ossetians, Circassians and Armenians, now became the prime objects of their predatory attentions. From this region a further one million slaves, at the very minimum, were transported into the Turkish heartlands between the seventeenth and late nineteenth centuries.
The third theatre of Ottoman slave-raiding against Europe was the Mediterranean and Atlantic coasts of the continent. Muslim pirates had of course raided southern Europe continuously from bases in North Africa from the seventh century, but things took a turn for the worse in the sixteenth century when the whole of North Africa came under the suzerainty of the Ottoman Empire, either as directly administered provinces or as autonomous dependencies. Spurred by the demand for white-skinned slaves further to the east, North African pirates intensified their activities, capturing thousands of ships and rendering, within a few decades, long stretches of coast in Spain and Italy almost completely uninhabited. From the sixteenth to the nineteenth centuries, it is estimated that the Barbary pirates captured and enslaved anything between 800,000 and 1.25 million Europeans. Their predation extended throughout the Mediterranean and even, on one occasion at least, as far as South America. They also on occasion raided far into the North Atlantic, taking slaves from the coasts of France, the Netherlands, Britain, Ireland, and even Iceland. But their main theatre of operation was the western Mediterranean, where islands such as Sicily, Sardinia, Corsica, and the Balearics suffered intensely. And their raids inflicted severe damage upon coastal towns and villages in Italy, France, Spain, and Portugal.
Whilst such depredations continued into the early nineteenth century, there was a little improvement towards the end of the seventeenth century, when European navies commenced regular patrols of the western Mediterranean and launched retaliatory raids against the pirates' strongholds in North Africa. However, the ships and coasts of Christian states without such effective protection continued to suffer until the early years of the nineteenth century, and it was only after the Napoleonic Wars and the Congress of Vienna in 1814-15 that the European powers agreed upon action to suppress the Barbary corsairs entirely. After this several punitive attacks against Algiers and Sale in Morocco were launched by the British navy which almost, but not entirely, destroyed the slavers' ability to raid. Nonetheless, so deeply ingrained was the freebooting tradition among the inhabitants of the region that even then there were occasional further incidents until the French invasion of conquest of Algiers in 1830.
At the height of their activities the Barbary States were so powerful that nations including the United States of America paid tribute in order to stave off their attacks.
It is important to note the impact of these activities upon Europe's Mediterranean communities. The Christians of the islands, in particular – Sicily, Sardinia, Corsica and the Balearics – had to live with the perennial threat of surprise attack, and there can be no doubt that such conditions left an indelible impression. The paranoid culture of feuding, assassination and vendetta, for which Sicily and Corsica, in particular, were to become famous, has to be viewed in light of the persistent violence inflicted upon these lands by Muslim corsairs. By way of comparison, one has to imagine the probable impact upon the peoples of the British Isles and northern Europe had the Viking raids lasted a thousand years. And in this context it is perhaps worth noting that the word "Mafia" seems to be of Arabic origin.
What then of the total number of Europeans enslaved by the Ottoman Turks and their allies between the fifteenth and nineteenth century? By mainstream estimates around 1 million were taken by the Barbary pirates; around 3 million by the Crimean Tartars from Russia/Ukraine; about 1 million by the Tartars and Turks from the Caucasus, and about 10 million (by the most conservative estimate) by the Ottomans themselves from central Europe and the Balkans. This gives a grand total of 15 million – far more than European slave-traders took from Africa in the same period. Yet this is a fact quite hidden from the public and unknown to almost everyone in Western Europe and North America. And the conditions endured by European captives in the Ottoman Empire were infinitely worse than those experienced by Africans in the Americas. The latter generally worked on plantations and were permitted, and even encouraged, to marry and have families. By contrast, the Europeans in the Dar al-Islam suffered a terrible fate. Able-bodied men were generally branded and put to endless back-breaking labour, either as galley-slaves or as miners. They were not permitted to marry and were denied all semblance of family life or female companionship. Young boys were invariably castrated – and raped – whilst women were consigned to the sex-slavery of the harem.
The great humanitarian impulse to end slavery, from the late eighteenth century onwards, came entirely from the Christian West, and by the mid-nineteenth century it was stamped out completely in most Christian lands. That slavery no longer exists (officially at least) in the majority of Muslim territories is due entirely to the efforts of Westerners, and in fact Muslim societies vigorously resisted all attempts by Europeans to stamp out the slave trade in Africa during the nineteenth and early twentieth century. It was not in until the second half of the twentieth century that slavery was finally abolished in the Gulf States and the Arabian Peninsula – after intense Western pressure. Is it not about time that some of this information got through to students in our schools and colleges?
Emmet Scott is the author of Mohammed and Charlemagne Revisited: The History of a Controversy and The Impact of Islam, both published by New English Review Press.
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The knitted midi dress, or maxi in my case... This dress is one of the comfiest dresses I own, it's basically just an oversized jumper dress making it the perfect addition to your wardrobe. (I've been pulling out this little number for lazy Sundays.) Popping on a pair of Adidas stan smiths and your favourite leather jacket is the perfect way to wear this dress. Did someone say casual chic? Equally if you wanted to put more of a dressed up spin on this you could also team the dress with a pair a pointed courts and a camel coat, perfection if I've ever seen it!
love the combo of the dress with trainers!
LOVING that dress! You look amaaazing!
Love the outfit combo; so gorgeous!!
Love that you paired Stan Smiths with this outfit. Real nice!
Such a beautiful dress! You did great job styling this look, it's a perfect This kind of midi dresses seems to me sound like very super and I think perfect and comfortable to wear on at any time.


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An island nation found at the Caribbean Sea, Jamaica occupies a land that has a width of 80 kilometers and a length of 234 kilometers. The Jamaican tourism industry contributes to its developing economy. Foreigners who like to enjoy their vacation must see the top 10 tourist spots in Jamaica.
The Blue Mountains and John Crow Mountains National Park in Kingston features several natural wonders including waterfalls, mountain vistas as well as lush rain forests. Inside the forests, people can find exotic animals and plants. The place is popular for featuring the Giant Swallowtail Butterfly.
The Institute of Jamaica Museums at Kingston features collections of prints and books from the West Indies. Aside from the books, people can also find preserved plants and animals in the museum. Most of the items stored in the museum are important to the Jamaican history.
The National Heroes Park in Kingston is significant to Jamaicans because the remains of the popular heroes in the country were buried in this place. At the park, people can find statues of people who fought for the independence of Jamaica.
Another impressive site at Kingston is the Port Royal. The interesting sites that can be seen at the port include the Fort Charles Maritime Museum, the Museum of Historical Archaeology and the Saint Peter's Church. In addition, they can also visit the popular Gunboat Beach.
The Rose Hall Great House at Montego Bay is an ancient house that was constructed in 1760. The house features furnishings in the 1700s. The place has a restaurant that serves local delicacies. It is open to public seven days a week from 9 am to 6 pm.
The Dunn's River Falls in Ocho Rios has a height of 600 feet. The main attractions at the site are the limestone tiers. Boating, canoeing and swimming are the popular activities at the base of the falls.
Aside from the falls, people can also spend some time at Fern Gully in Ocho Rios. The main attraction in the site is the road that was constructed from a river bed. The road has a length of 4.8 kilometers.
The Brimmer Hall in Port Maria features a big coconut plantation. Aside from this, people can also see a large banana plantation at the site. The place features different tropical plants. Tourists can see the place from Monday to Friday.
The Rio Grande River in Port Antonio is popular for featuring a beautiful tropical forest. Tourists can see the entire river by riding in pole bamboo rafts. Kayaking and canoeing are some of the water activities that can be enjoyed at the river.
Situated in Port Antonio, Nonsuch Caves and Atheny Gardens feature Indian relics as well as rare fossils. The tourist destination is a home to hundreds plant species. The site covers a total area of 74 hectares.
To stimulate the economic state of the country, it concentrates on improving international tourism. These places are only few of the numerous tourist destinations in Jamaica that foreigners should see.


text:
Who Won Today's Baseball Game?
The game's result
The game's highlights
The game's key players
The game's turning point
The game's controversial moments
The game's fan reaction
The game's post-game analysis
The game's impact on the standings
The game's implications for the playoffs
The game's place in history
Did the Yankees win today's game? Check out the score and find out which team came out on top.
The New York Yankees won today's baseball game against the Boston Red Sox by a score of 9 to 0.
Today's game was exciting from start to finish, with both teams giving it their all. In the end, the home team prevailed, winning by a score of 6-4.
Both teams were evenly matched throughout the game, with neither team holding more than a one-run lead at any point. The game was tied four times throughout the course of the game.
The home team got on the board first, scoring two runs in the bottom of the first inning. The away team answered back with a run in the top of the second inning, but the home team regained their two-run lead in the bottom of the second inning.
The away team tied things up again in the top of the fourth inning, but once again, the home team took the lead in the bottom half of the inning. The away team evened things up yet again in the top of the fifth inning, but that would be as close as they would get.
The home team scored two more runs in the bottom of seventh inning to seal their victory.
In today's game, the key players were the pitchers. The starting pitcher for the winning team was able to go seven innings, giving up just two runs. The relief pitchers then came in and closed out the game, giving up no runs in the final two innings.
The game's turning point happened in the seventh inning when the bases were loaded.
The game was marred by several controversial moments. In the first inning, the umpire called a balk on the pitcher, which allowed the batter to reach first base. The pitcher argued the call, but the umpires upheld it. In the bottom of the ninth inning, with two outs and the score tied 2-2, the batter hit a routine grounder to shortstop. The shortstop bobbled the ball, and then threw it wild to first base, allowing the runner to reach second base. The catcher appealed to the umpire, who ruled that the runner had indeed advanced too far on the play and called him out. The fans booed loudly, but the umpires held their ground and upheld their decision.
It was a close game, but the home team pulled ahead in the end and won by a score of 5-4. The fans were on their feet the whole game, cheering on their team. It was a great game to watch!
The game was a close one, but ultimately, the home team came out on top. The final score was 3-2.
Major League Baseball's standings are always in flux. A team that seems destined for the playoffs one day can find itself sliding down the standings the next. Today's game can have a big impact on where a team ultimately ends up finishing the season.
The Pittsburgh Pirates won today's baseball game against the Cincinnati Reds, bringing them one step closer to securing a spot in the playoffs. With just a few games left in the season, every win is critical for both teams.
The Pirates are now tied for first place in the National League Central division with the Milwaukee Brewers. If they can hold on to their lead, they will make it to the playoffs for the first time since 1992. The Reds, on the other hand, are struggling to keep their playoff hopes alive. They are currently third in their division, behind the St. Louis Cardinals and Pirates.
Baseball is one of America's oldest and most beloved pastimes. The game has been around for over a century, and its popularity has only grown in recent years. With the rise of professional teams and leagues, baseball has become one of the most popular sports in the world.
Today's game is just one small part of the sport's rich history. Baseball has been played by generations of Americans, and it will continue to be enjoyed by future generations. The game has brought people together and given them something to root for. It is a part of our country's heritage, and it will always be an important part of our culture.


text:
/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "stm32l4xx_hal.h"

#if defined(STM32L433xx) || defined(STM32L443xx) || defined(STM32L476xx) || defined(STM32L486xx)

/** @addtogroup STM32L4xx_HAL_Driver
  * @{
  */

#ifdef HAL_LCD_MODULE_ENABLED

/** @defgroup LCD LCD
  * @brief LCD HAL module driver
  * @{
  */

/* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/
/** @defgroup LCD_Private_Defines LCD Private Defines
  * @{
  */

#define LCD_TIMEOUT_VALUE             1000

/**
  * @}
  */

/* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
/* Exported functions --------------------------------------------------------*/

/** @defgroup LCD_Exported_Functions LCD Exported Functions
  * @{
  */

/** @defgroup LCD_Exported_Functions_Group1 Initialization/de-initialization methods
  *  @brief    Initialization and Configuration functions
  *
@verbatim
===============================================================================
            ##### Initialization and Configuration functions #####
 ===============================================================================
    [..]

@endverbatim
  * @{
  */

/**
  * @brief  Initialize the LCD peripheral according to the specified parameters
  *         in the LCD_InitStruct and initialize the associated handle.
  * @note   This function can be used only when the LCD is disabled.
  * @param  hlcd: LCD handle
  * @retval None
  */
HAL_StatusTypeDef HAL_LCD_Init(LCD_HandleTypeDef *hlcd)
{
  uint32_t tickstart = 0x00;
  uint32_t counter = 0;

  /* Check the LCD handle allocation */
  if(hlcd == NULL)
  {
    return HAL_ERROR;
  }

  /* Check function parameters */
  assert_param(IS_LCD_ALL_INSTANCE(hlcd->Instance));
  assert_param(IS_LCD_PRESCALER(hlcd->Init.Prescaler));
  assert_param(IS_LCD_DIVIDER(hlcd->Init.Divider));
  assert_param(IS_LCD_DUTY(hlcd->Init.Duty));
  assert_param(IS_LCD_BIAS(hlcd->Init.Bias));
  assert_param(IS_LCD_VOLTAGE_SOURCE(hlcd->Init.VoltageSource));
  assert_param(IS_LCD_PULSE_ON_DURATION(hlcd->Init.PulseOnDuration));
  assert_param(IS_LCD_HIGH_DRIVE(hlcd->Init.HighDrive));
  assert_param(IS_LCD_DEAD_TIME(hlcd->Init.DeadTime));
  assert_param(IS_LCD_CONTRAST(hlcd->Init.Contrast));
  assert_param(IS_LCD_BLINK_FREQUENCY(hlcd->Init.BlinkFrequency));
  assert_param(IS_LCD_BLINK_MODE(hlcd->Init.BlinkMode));
  assert_param(IS_LCD_MUX_SEGMENT(hlcd->Init.MuxSegment));

  if(hlcd->State == HAL_LCD_STATE_RESET)
  {
    /* Allocate lock resource and initialize it */
    hlcd->Lock = HAL_UNLOCKED;

    /* Initialize the low level hardware (MSP) */
    HAL_LCD_MspInit(hlcd);
  }

  hlcd->State = HAL_LCD_STATE_BUSY;

  /* Disable the peripheral */
  __HAL_LCD_DISABLE(hlcd);

  /* Clear the LCD_RAM registers and enable the display request by setting the UDR bit
     in the LCD_SR register */
  for(counter = LCD_RAM_REGISTER0; counter <= LCD_RAM_REGISTER15; counter++)
  {
    hlcd->Instance->RAM[counter] = 0;
  }
  /* Enable the display request */
  hlcd->Instance->SR |= LCD_SR_UDR;

  /* Configure the LCD Prescaler, Divider, Blink mode and Blink Frequency:
     Set PS[3:0] bits according to hlcd->Init.Prescaler value
     Set DIV[3:0] bits according to hlcd->Init.Divider value
     Set BLINK[1:0] bits according to hlcd->Init.BlinkMode value
     Set BLINKF[2:0] bits according to hlcd->Init.BlinkFrequency value
     Set DEAD[2:0] bits according to hlcd->Init.DeadTime value
     Set PON[2:0] bits according to hlcd->Init.PulseOnDuration value
     Set CC[2:0] bits according to hlcd->Init.Contrast value
     Set HD bit according to hlcd->Init.HighDrive value */
   MODIFY_REG(hlcd->Instance->FCR, \
      (LCD_FCR_PS | LCD_FCR_DIV | LCD_FCR_BLINK| LCD_FCR_BLINKF | \
       LCD_FCR_DEAD | LCD_FCR_PON | LCD_FCR_CC | LCD_FCR_HD), \
      (hlcd->Init.Prescaler | hlcd->Init.Divider | hlcd->Init.BlinkMode | hlcd->Init.BlinkFrequency | \
       hlcd->Init.DeadTime | hlcd->Init.PulseOnDuration | hlcd->Init.Contrast | hlcd->Init.HighDrive));

  /* Wait until LCD Frame Control Register Synchronization flag (FCRSF) is set in the LCD_SR register
     This bit is set by hardware each time the LCD_FCR register is updated in the LCDCLK
     domain. It is cleared by hardware when writing to the LCD_FCR register.*/
  LCD_WaitForSynchro(hlcd);

  /* Configure the LCD Duty, Bias, Voltage Source, Dead Time, Pulse On Duration and Contrast:
     Set DUTY[2:0] bits according to hlcd->Init.Duty value
     Set BIAS[1:0] bits according to hlcd->Init.Bias value
     Set VSEL bit according to hlcd->Init.VoltageSource value
     Set MUX_SEG bit according to hlcd->Init.MuxSegment value */
  MODIFY_REG(hlcd->Instance->CR, \
    (LCD_CR_DUTY | LCD_CR_BIAS | LCD_CR_VSEL | LCD_CR_MUX_SEG), \
    (hlcd->Init.Duty | hlcd->Init.Bias | hlcd->Init.VoltageSource | hlcd->Init.MuxSegment));

  /* Enable the peripheral */
  __HAL_LCD_ENABLE(hlcd);

  /* Get timeout */
  tickstart = HAL_GetTick();

  /* Wait Until the LCD is enabled */
  while(__HAL_LCD_GET_FLAG(hlcd, LCD_FLAG_ENS) == RESET)
  {
    if((HAL_GetTick() - tickstart ) > LCD_TIMEOUT_VALUE)
    {
      hlcd->ErrorCode = HAL_LCD_ERROR_ENS;
      return HAL_TIMEOUT;
    }
  }

  /* Get timeout */
  tickstart = HAL_GetTick();

  /*!< Wait Until the LCD Booster is ready */
  while(__HAL_LCD_GET_FLAG(hlcd, LCD_FLAG_RDY) == RESET)
  {
    if((HAL_GetTick() - tickstart ) > LCD_TIMEOUT_VALUE)
    {
      hlcd->ErrorCode = HAL_LCD_ERROR_RDY;
      return HAL_TIMEOUT;
    }
  }

  /* Initialize the LCD state */
  hlcd->ErrorCode = HAL_LCD_ERROR_NONE;
  hlcd->State= HAL_LCD_STATE_READY;

  return HAL_OK;
}

/**
  * @brief  DeInitialize the LCD peripheral.
  * @param  hlcd: LCD handle
  * @retval HAL status
  */
HAL_StatusTypeDef HAL_LCD_DeInit(LCD_HandleTypeDef *hlcd)
{
  /* Check the LCD handle allocation */
  if(hlcd == NULL)
  {
    return HAL_ERROR;
  }

  /* Check the parameters */
  assert_param(IS_LCD_ALL_INSTANCE(hlcd->Instance));

  hlcd->State = HAL_LCD_STATE_BUSY;

  /* DeInit the low level hardware */
  HAL_LCD_MspDeInit(hlcd);

  hlcd->ErrorCode = HAL_LCD_ERROR_NONE;
  hlcd->State = HAL_LCD_STATE_RESET;

  /* Release Lock */
  __HAL_UNLOCK(hlcd);

  return HAL_OK;
}

/**
  * @brief  DeInitialize the LCD MSP.
  * @param  hlcd: LCD handle
  * @retval None
  */
__weak void HAL_LCD_MspDeInit(LCD_HandleTypeDef *hlcd)
{
  /* Prevent unused argument(s) compilation warning */
  UNUSED(hlcd);

  /* NOTE: This function should not be modified, when the callback is needed,
           the HAL_LCD_MspDeInit it to be implemented in the user file
   */
}

/**
  * @brief  Initialize the LCD MSP.
  * @param  hlcd: LCD handle
  * @retval None
  */
__weak void HAL_LCD_MspInit(LCD_HandleTypeDef *hlcd)
{
  /* Prevent unused argument(s) compilation warning */
  UNUSED(hlcd);

  /* NOTE: This function should not be modified, when the callback is needed,
           the HAL_LCD_MspInit is to be implemented in the user file
   */
}

/**
  * @}
  */

/** @defgroup LCD_Exported_Functions_Group2 IO operation methods
  *  @brief LCD RAM functions
  *
@verbatim
 ===============================================================================
                      ##### IO operation functions #####
 ===============================================================================
 [..] Using its double buffer memory the LCD controller ensures the coherency of the
 displayed information without having to use interrupts to control LCD_RAM
 modification.
 The application software can access the first buffer level (LCD_RAM) through
 the APB interface. Once it has modified the LCD_RAM using the HAL_LCD_Write() API,
 it sets the UDR flag in the LCD_SR register using the HAL_LCD_UpdateDisplayRequest() API.
 This UDR flag (update display request) requests the updated information to be
 moved into the second buffer level (LCD_DISPLAY).
 This operation is done synchronously with the frame (at the beginning of the
 next frame), until the update is completed, the LCD_RAM is write protected and
 the UDR flag stays high.
 Once the update is completed another flag (UDD - Update Display Done) is set and
 generates an interrupt if the UDDIE bit in the LCD_FCR register is set.
 The time it takes to update LCD_DISPLAY is, in the worst case, one odd and one
 even frame.
 The update will not occur (UDR = 1 and UDD = 0) until the display is
 enabled (LCDEN = 1).

@endverbatim
  * @{
  */

/**
  * @brief  Write a word in the specific LCD RAM.
  * @param  hlcd: LCD handle
  * @param  RAMRegisterIndex: specifies the LCD RAM Register.
  *   This parameter can be one of the following values:
  *     @arg LCD_RAM_REGISTER0: LCD RAM Register 0
  *     @arg LCD_RAM_REGISTER1: LCD RAM Register 1
  *     @arg LCD_RAM_REGISTER2: LCD RAM Register 2
  *     @arg LCD_RAM_REGISTER3: LCD RAM Register 3
  *     @arg LCD_RAM_REGISTER4: LCD RAM Register 4
  *     @arg LCD_RAM_REGISTER5: LCD RAM Register 5
  *     @arg LCD_RAM_REGISTER6: LCD RAM Register 6
  *     @arg LCD_RAM_REGISTER7: LCD RAM Register 7
  *     @arg LCD_RAM_REGISTER8: LCD RAM Register 8
  *     @arg LCD_RAM_REGISTER9: LCD RAM Register 9
  *     @arg LCD_RAM_REGISTER10: LCD RAM Register 10
  *     @arg LCD_RAM_REGISTER11: LCD RAM Register 11
  *     @arg LCD_RAM_REGISTER12: LCD RAM Register 12
  *     @arg LCD_RAM_REGISTER13: LCD RAM Register 13
  *     @arg LCD_RAM_REGISTER14: LCD RAM Register 14
  *     @arg LCD_RAM_REGISTER15: LCD RAM Register 15
  * @param  RAMRegisterMask: specifies the LCD RAM Register Data Mask.
  * @param  Data: specifies LCD Data Value to be written.
  * @retval None
  */
HAL_StatusTypeDef HAL_LCD_Write(LCD_HandleTypeDef *hlcd, uint32_t RAMRegisterIndex, uint32_t RAMRegisterMask, uint32_t Data)
{
  uint32_t tickstart = 0x00;

  if((hlcd->State == HAL_LCD_STATE_READY) || (hlcd->State == HAL_LCD_STATE_BUSY))
  {
    /* Check the parameters */
    assert_param(IS_LCD_RAM_REGISTER(RAMRegisterIndex));

    if(hlcd->State == HAL_LCD_STATE_READY)
    {
      /* Process Locked */
      __HAL_LOCK(hlcd);
      hlcd->State = HAL_LCD_STATE_BUSY;

      /* Get timeout */
      tickstart = HAL_GetTick();

      /*!< Wait Until the LCD is ready */
      while(__HAL_LCD_GET_FLAG(hlcd, LCD_FLAG_UDR) != RESET)
      {
        if((HAL_GetTick() - tickstart ) > LCD_TIMEOUT_VALUE)
        {
          hlcd->ErrorCode = HAL_LCD_ERROR_UDR;

          /* Process Unlocked */
          __HAL_UNLOCK(hlcd);

          return HAL_TIMEOUT;
        }
      }
    }

    /* Copy the new Data bytes to LCD RAM register */
    MODIFY_REG(hlcd->Instance->RAM[RAMRegisterIndex], ~(RAMRegisterMask), Data);

    return HAL_OK;
  }
  else
  {
    return HAL_ERROR;
  }
}

/**
  * @brief Clear the LCD RAM registers.
  * @param hlcd: LCD handle
  * @retval None
  */
HAL_StatusTypeDef HAL_LCD_Clear(LCD_HandleTypeDef *hlcd)
{
  uint32_t tickstart = 0x00;
  uint32_t counter = 0;

  if((hlcd->State == HAL_LCD_STATE_READY) || (hlcd->State == HAL_LCD_STATE_BUSY))
  {
    /* Process Locked */
    __HAL_LOCK(hlcd);

    hlcd->State = HAL_LCD_STATE_BUSY;

    /* Get timeout */
    tickstart = HAL_GetTick();

    /*!< Wait Until the LCD is ready */
    while(__HAL_LCD_GET_FLAG(hlcd, LCD_FLAG_UDR) != RESET)
    {
      if((HAL_GetTick() - tickstart ) > LCD_TIMEOUT_VALUE)
      {
        hlcd->ErrorCode = HAL_LCD_ERROR_UDR;

        /* Process Unlocked */
        __HAL_UNLOCK(hlcd);

        return HAL_TIMEOUT;
      }
    }
    /* Clear the LCD_RAM registers */
    for(counter = LCD_RAM_REGISTER0; counter <= LCD_RAM_REGISTER15; counter++)
    {
      hlcd->Instance->RAM[counter] = 0;
    }

    /* Update the LCD display */
    HAL_LCD_UpdateDisplayRequest(hlcd);

    return HAL_OK;
  }
  else
  {
    return HAL_ERROR;
  }
}

/**
  * @brief  Enable the Update Display Request.
  * @param  hlcd: LCD handle
  * @note   Each time software modifies the LCD_RAM it must set the UDR bit to
  *         transfer the updated data to the second level buffer.
  *         The UDR bit stays set until the end of the update and during this
  *         time the LCD_RAM is write protected.
  * @note   When the display is disabled, the update is performed for all
  *         LCD_DISPLAY locations.
  *         When the display is enabled, the update is performed only for locations
  *         for which commons are active (depending on DUTY). For example if
  *         DUTY = 1/2, only the LCD_DISPLAY of COM0 and COM1 will be updated.
  * @retval None
  */
HAL_StatusTypeDef HAL_LCD_UpdateDisplayRequest(LCD_HandleTypeDef *hlcd)
{
  uint32_t tickstart = 0x00;

  /* Clear the Update Display Done flag before starting the update display request */
  __HAL_LCD_CLEAR_FLAG(hlcd, LCD_FLAG_UDD);

  /* Enable the display request */
  hlcd->Instance->SR |= LCD_SR_UDR;

  /* Get timeout */
  tickstart = HAL_GetTick();

  /*!< Wait Until the LCD display is done */
  while(__HAL_LCD_GET_FLAG(hlcd, LCD_FLAG_UDD) == RESET)
  {
    if((HAL_GetTick() - tickstart ) > LCD_TIMEOUT_VALUE)
    {
      hlcd->ErrorCode = HAL_LCD_ERROR_UDD;

      /* Process Unlocked */
      __HAL_UNLOCK(hlcd);

      return HAL_TIMEOUT;
    }
  }

  hlcd->State = HAL_LCD_STATE_READY;

  /* Process Unlocked */
  __HAL_UNLOCK(hlcd);

  return HAL_OK;
}

/**
  * @}
  */

/** @defgroup LCD_Exported_Functions_Group3 Peripheral State methods
  *  @brief   LCD State functions
  *
@verbatim
 ===============================================================================
                      ##### Peripheral State functions #####
 ===============================================================================
    [..]
     This subsection provides a set of functions allowing to control the LCD:
      (+) HAL_LCD_GetState() API can be helpful to check in run-time the state of the LCD peripheral State.
      (+) HAL_LCD_GetError() API to return the LCD error code.
@endverbatim
  * @{
  */

/**
  * @brief Return the LCD handle state.
  * @param hlcd: LCD handle
  * @retval HAL state
  */
HAL_LCD_StateTypeDef HAL_LCD_GetState(LCD_HandleTypeDef *hlcd)
{
  /* Return LCD handle state */
  return hlcd->State;
}

/**
  * @brief Return the LCD error code.
  * @param hlcd: LCD handle
  * @retval LCD Error Code
  */
uint32_t HAL_LCD_GetError(LCD_HandleTypeDef *hlcd)
{
  return hlcd->ErrorCode;
}

/**
  * @}
  */

/**
  * @}
  */

/** @defgroup LCD_Private_Functions LCD Private Functions
  * @{
  */

/**
  * @brief  Wait until the LCD FCR register is synchronized in the LCDCLK domain.
  *   This function must be called after any write operation to LCD_FCR register.
  * @retval None
  */
HAL_StatusTypeDef LCD_WaitForSynchro(LCD_HandleTypeDef *hlcd)
{
  uint32_t tickstart = 0x00;

  /* Get timeout */
  tickstart = HAL_GetTick();

  /* Loop until FCRSF flag is set */
  while(__HAL_LCD_GET_FLAG(hlcd, LCD_FLAG_FCRSF) == RESET)
  {
    if((HAL_GetTick() - tickstart ) > LCD_TIMEOUT_VALUE)
    {
      hlcd->ErrorCode = HAL_LCD_ERROR_FCRSF;
      return HAL_TIMEOUT;
    }
  }

  return HAL_OK;
}

/**
  * @}
  */

/**
  * @}
  */

#endif /* HAL_LCD_MODULE_ENABLED */

/**
  * @}
  */

#endif /* STM32L433xx || STM32L443xx || STM32L476xx || STM32L486xx */

/************************ (C) COPYRIGHT STMicroelectronics *****END OF FILE****/

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
$(document).ready(function() {

	//------------- Sparklines in header stats -------------//
	$('#spark-visitors').sparkline([5,8,10,8,7,12,11,6,13,8,5,8,10,11,7,12,11,6,13,8], {
		type: 'bar',
		width: '100%',
		height: '20px',
		barColor: '#dfe2e7',
		zeroAxis: false,
	});

	$('#spark-templateviews').sparkline([12,11,6,13,8,5,8,10,12,11,6,13,8,5,8,10,12,11,6,13,8,5,8], {
		type: 'bar',
		width: '100%',
		height: '20px',
		barColor: '#dfe2e7',
		zeroAxis: false,
	});

	$('#spark-sales').sparkline([19,18,20,17,20,18,22,24,23,19,18,20,17,20,18,22,24,23,19,18,20,17], {
		type: 'bar',
		width: '100%',
		height: '20px',
		barColor: '#dfe2e7',
		zeroAxis: false,
	});

	//------------- Other charts -------------//
	//define chart colours first
	var chartColours = {
		gray: '#bac3d2',
		teal: '#43aea8',
		blue: '#60b1cc',
		red: '#df6a78',
		green: '#66c796',
		orange: '#cfa448',
		gray_lighter: '#e8ecf1',
		gray_light: '#777777',
	}

	//------------- Init Easy pie charts -------------//
    //pass the variables to pie chart init function
    //first is line width, size for pie, animated time , and colours object for theming.
	initPieChartPage(20,100,1500, chartColours);

	//------------- Sparklines -------------//

	//line default
	$("#spark-line").sparkline([2,4,7,9,9,5,3,2,2,4,6,7], {
    	type: 'line',
    	width: '100%',
		height: '30px',
		lineWidth: 1,
		lineColor: '#b4bac1',
		fillColor: chartColours.gray_lighter,
		spotRadius: 0, //remove spots
    });

    //line blue
	$("#spark-line-blue").sparkline([1,4,2,3,5,7,3,1,4,6,6,9], {
    	type: 'line',
    	width: '100%',
		height: '30px',
		lineWidth: 1,
		lineColor: chartColours.blue,
		fillColor: '#aaddee',
		spotRadius: 0, //remove spots
    });

    //line red
	$("#spark-line-red").sparkline([2,4,3,2,5,1,5,3,8,6,2,5], {
    	type: 'line',
    	width: '100%',
		height: '30px',
		lineWidth: 1,
		lineColor: chartColours.red,
		fillColor: '#ed96a0',
		spotRadius: 0, //remove spots
    });

    //line green
	$("#spark-line-green").sparkline([1,2,4,3,8,3,2,5,5,7,8,5], {
    	type: 'line',
    	width: '100%',
		height: '30px',
		lineWidth: 1,
		lineColor: chartColours.green,
		fillColor: '#99e8c0',
		spotRadius: 0, //remove spots
    });

	// Bar types
	//==========

    //bar default
	$("#spark-bar").sparkline([5,8,10,8,7,12,11,6,13,8,5,8,10,11,7,12,11,6,13,8,10,12,7,12,11,6,13,8,5,8], {
    	type: 'bar',
    	width: '100%',
		height: '30px',
		barColor: '#b4bac1',
    });

    //bar blue
	$("#spark-bar-blue").sparkline([5,8,10,8,7,12,11,6,13,8,5,8,10,11,7,12,11,6,13,8,10,12,7,12,11,6,13,8,5,8], {
    	type: 'bar',
    	width: '100%',
		height: '30px',
		barColor: chartColours.blue,
    });

    //bar red
	$("#spark-bar-red").sparkline([5,8,10,8,7,12,11,6,13,8,5,8,10,11,7,12,11,6,13,8,10,12,7,12,11,6,13,8,5,8], {
    	type: 'bar',
    	width: '100%',
		height: '30px',
		barColor: chartColours.red,
    });

    //bar green
	$("#spark-bar-green").sparkline([5,8,10,8,7,12,11,6,13,8,5,8,10,11,7,12,11,6,13,8,10,12,7,12,11,6,13,8,5,8], {
    	type: 'bar',
    	width: '100%',
		height: '30px',
		barColor: chartColours.green,
    });

	//------------- Gauge -------------//

	//default colors
	var gauge = new Gauge(document.getElementById('gauge')).setOptions({
		lines: 10, // The number of lines to draw
		angle: 0, // The length of each line
		lineWidth: 0.4, // The line thickness
		pointer: {
			length: 0.8, // The radius of the inner circle
			strokeWidth: 0.035, // The rotation offset
			color: chartColours.gray_light // Fill color
		},
		limitMax: true,   // If true, the pointer will not go past the end of the gauge
		colorStart: chartColours.gray_light,   // Colors
		colorStop: chartColours.gray_light,    // just experiment with them
		strokeColor: chartColours.gray_lighter,   // to see which ones work best for you
		generateGradient: false
	}); // create sexy gauge!
	gauge.maxValue = 100; // set max gauge value
	gauge.animationSpeed = 20; // set animation speed (32 is default value)
	gauge.set(35); // set actual value

	//red
	var gaugeRed = new Gauge(document.getElementById('gauge-red')).setOptions({
		lines: 10, // The number of lines to draw
		angle: 0, // The length of each line
		lineWidth: 0.4, // The line thickness
		pointer: {
			length: 0.8, // The radius of the inner circle
			strokeWidth: 0.035, // The rotation offset
			color: chartColours.gray_light // Fill color
		},
		limitMax: true,   // If true, the pointer will not go past the end of the gauge
		colorStart: chartColours.red,   // Colors
		colorStop: chartColours.red,    // just experiment with them
		strokeColor: chartColours.gray_lighter,   // to see which ones work best for you
		generateGradient: false
	}); // create sexy gauge!
	gaugeRed.maxValue = 100; // set max gauge value
	gaugeRed.animationSpeed = 20; // set animation speed (32 is default value)
	gaugeRed.set(45); // set actual value

	//blue
	var gaugeBlue = new Gauge(document.getElementById('gauge-blue')).setOptions({
		lines: 10, // The number of lines to draw
		angle: 0, // The length of each line
		lineWidth: 0.4, // The line thickness
		pointer: {
			length: 0.8, // The radius of the inner circle
			strokeWidth: 0.035, // The rotation offset
			color: chartColours.gray_light // Fill color
		},
		limitMax: true,   // If true, the pointer will not go past the end of the gauge
		colorStart: chartColours.blue,   // Colors
		colorStop: chartColours.blue,    // just experiment with them
		strokeColor: chartColours.gray_lighter,   // to see which ones work best for you
		generateGradient: false
	}); // create sexy gauge!
	gaugeBlue.maxValue = 100; // set max gauge value
	gaugeBlue.animationSpeed = 20; // set animation speed (32 is default value)
	gaugeBlue.set(55); // set actual value

	//green
	var gaugeGreen = new Gauge(document.getElementById('gauge-green')).setOptions({
		lines: 10, // The number of lines to draw
		angle: 0, // The length of each line
		lineWidth: 0.4, // The line thickness
		pointer: {
			length: 0.8, // The radius of the inner circle
			strokeWidth: 0.035, // The rotation offset
			color: chartColours.gray_light // Fill color
		},
		limitMax: true,   // If true, the pointer will not go past the end of the gauge
		colorStart: chartColours.green,   // Colors
		colorStop: chartColours.green,    // just experiment with them
		strokeColor: chartColours.gray_lighter,   // to see which ones work best for you
		generateGradient: false
	}); // create sexy gauge!
	gaugeGreen.maxValue = 100; // set max gauge value
	gaugeGreen.animationSpeed = 20; // set animation speed (32 is default value)
	gaugeGreen.set(65); // set actual value

	//With percentage colors
	var gaugePercent = new Gauge(document.getElementById('gauge-percent')).setOptions({
		lines: 10, // The number of lines to draw
		angle: 0, // The length of each line
		lineWidth: 0.4, // The line thickness
		pointer: {
			length: 0.8, // The radius of the inner circle
			strokeWidth: 0.035, // The rotation offset
			color: chartColours.gray_light // Fill color
		},
		limitMax: true,   // If true, the pointer will not go past the end of the gauge
		strokeColor: chartColours.gray_lighter,   // to see which ones work best for you
		percentColors: [[0.0, chartColours.gray_light ], [0.35, chartColours.green], [0.55, chartColours.blue], [1.0, chartColours.red]],
		generateGradient: false
	}); // create sexy gauge!
	gaugePercent.maxValue = 100; // set max gauge value
	gaugePercent.animationSpeed = 20; // set animation speed (32 is default value)
	gaugePercent.set(10); // set actual value

	//update gauges every 5 sec with random data
	setInterval(function() {
		gauge.set(Math.floor( Math.random()*(100-1+1)+1));
    	gaugeBlue.set(Math.floor( Math.random()*(100-1+1)+1));
    	gaugeRed.set(Math.floor( Math.random()*(100-1+1)+1));
    	gaugeGreen.set(Math.floor( Math.random()*(100-1+1)+1));
    	gaugePercent.set(Math.floor( Math.random()*(100-1+1)+1));
    }, 5000);

	//------------- Glow gauge -------------//
	var glowGauge = document.getElementById("glow-gauge");
	var glowGauge = new fabledweb.Gauge({
	    "tick_length": 10,
        "large_tick_length": 20,
        "tick_thickness": 2,
        "num_sub_ticks": 2,
        "total_degrees": 180,
        "tick_color": chartColours.gray_light,
        "tick_on_color": chartColours.blue,
        "tick_on_glow": 5,
        "bg_image": null,
        "gauge_scale": 1,
        "animation_duration": 1000,
        "percent": 70,
	    "canvas": glowGauge
	});
	glowGauge.render();

	//red gauge
	var glowRedGauge = document.getElementById("glow-red-gauge");
	var glowRedGauge = new fabledweb.Gauge({
	    "tick_length": 10,
        "large_tick_length": 20,
        "tick_thickness": 2,
        "num_sub_ticks": 2,
        "total_degrees": 180,
        "tick_color": chartColours.gray_light,
        "tick_on_color": chartColours.red,
        "tick_on_glow": 5,
        "bg_image": null,
        "gauge_scale": 1,
        "animation_duration": 1000,
        "percent": 30,
	    "canvas": glowRedGauge
	});
	glowRedGauge.render();

	//green gauge
	var glowGreenGauge = document.getElementById("glow-green-gauge");
	var glowGreenGauge = new fabledweb.Gauge({
	    "tick_length": 10,
        "large_tick_length": 20,
        "tick_thickness": 2,
        "num_sub_ticks": 2,
        "total_degrees": 180,
        "tick_color": chartColours.gray_light,
        "tick_on_color": chartColours.green,
        "tick_on_glow": 5,
        "bg_image": null,
        "gauge_scale": 1,
        "animation_duration": 1000,
        "percent": 50,
	    "canvas": glowGreenGauge
	});
	glowGreenGauge.render();

	//green gauge
	var glowYellowGauge = document.getElementById("glow-yellow-gauge");
	var glowYellowGauge = new fabledweb.Gauge({
	    "tick_length": 10,
        "large_tick_length": 20,
        "tick_thickness": 2,
        "num_sub_ticks": 2,
        "total_degrees": 180,
        "tick_color": chartColours.gray_light,
        "tick_on_color": chartColours.orange,
        "tick_on_glow": 5,
        "bg_image": null,
        "gauge_scale": 1,
        "animation_duration": 1000,
        "percent": 10,
	    "canvas": glowYellowGauge
	});
	glowYellowGauge.render();

	//update gauges every 5 sec with random data
	setInterval(function() {
        glowGauge.updatePercent(Math.floor( Math.random()*(100-1+1)+1));
        glowRedGauge.updatePercent(Math.floor( Math.random()*(100-1+1)+1));
        glowGreenGauge.updatePercent(Math.floor( Math.random()*(100-1+1)+1));
        glowYellowGauge.updatePercent(Math.floor( Math.random()*(100-1+1)+1));
    }, 5000);

});

//Setup easy pie charts in page
var initPieChartPage = function(lineWidth, size, animateTime, colours) {

	$(".easy-pie-chart").easyPieChart({
        barColor: colours.gray,
        borderColor: colours.gray,
        trackColor: colours.gray_lighter,
        scaleColor: false,
        lineCap: 'butt',
        lineWidth: lineWidth,
        size: size,
        animate: animateTime
    });
    $(".easy-pie-chart-red").easyPieChart({
        barColor: colours.red,
        borderColor: colours.red,
        trackColor: '#ebb7bd',
        scaleColor: false,
        lineCap: 'butt',
        lineWidth: lineWidth,
        size: size,
        animate: animateTime
    });
    $(".easy-pie-chart-green").easyPieChart({
        barColor: colours.green,
        borderColor: colours.green,
        trackColor: '#a9e2c6',
        scaleColor: false,
        lineCap: 'butt',
        lineWidth: lineWidth,
        size: size,
        animate: animateTime
    });
    $(".easy-pie-chart-blue").easyPieChart({
        barColor: colours.blue,
        borderColor: colours.blue,
        trackColor: '#b7e0ee',
        scaleColor: false,
        lineCap: 'butt',
        lineWidth: lineWidth,
        size: size,
        animate: animateTime
    });
    $(".easy-pie-chart-yellow").easyPieChart({
        barColor: colours.orange,
        borderColor: colours.orange,
        trackColor: '#e9d09a',
        scaleColor: false,
        lineCap: 'butt',
        lineWidth: lineWidth,
        size: size,
        animate: animateTime
    });
}


Planet Earth is the third planet from the Sun and our home planet. It is the only planet in the Universe known to have life. Planet Earth has many unique features that make it a perfect home for the Human Race. However, it is believed that countless other Earth-like planets exist in the Universe, specifically in our Milky Way Galaxy. It is only a matter of time until we find another planet like Earth capable of supporting life.


text:
@interface MeRootServiceCell : UITableViewCell
@property (strong, nonatomic) UserServiceInfo *curServiceInfo;
@property (copy, nonatomic) void (^leftBlock)();
@property (copy, nonatomic) void (^rightBlock)();
+ (CGFloat)cellHeight;
@end


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text:
Interstellaires est le  studio de Mylène Farmer, paru chez  Polydor le .

Composé d'onze titres, ce disque est écrit et co-composé par la chanteuse elle-même, en collaboration avec le producteur américain Martin Kierszenbaum.

Allant du rock à la pop, en passant par des titres funk, electro et quelques ballades plus douces, la chanteuse signe des textes plus aériens, souvent en rapport avec l'espace, faisant appel à l'imaginaire et dévoilant des envies d'ailleurs.

Salué par la critique et porté par les singles Stolen Car (en duo avec Sting), City of Love et C'est pas moi, l'album se classe dans le  de seize pays. Certifié triple disque de platine en France et disque d'or en Belgique, il dépasse les  trois mois après sa sortie.

Histoire

Genèse
Après la sortie en 2012 de l'album Monkey Me, qui marquait ses retrouvailles avec Laurent Boutonnat et qui s'est écoulé à plus de  exemplaires, Mylène Farmer effectue l'année suivante une grande tournée, Timeless 2013, réunissant plus de  spectateurs.

Alors qu'elle vient de travailler sur un livre de photos de Sylvie Lancrenon, la chanteuse est victime d'une chute en début d'année 2015, se cassant la jambe et devant rester alitée plusieurs mois.
Elle dessine alors des illustrations pour le conte philosophique L'étoile polaire de Michel Onfray et s'attèle en parallèle à l'écriture d'un nouvel album avec le producteur américain Martin Kierszenbaum, qu'elle a rencontré en 2014 à New York après un concert de Sting et qui avait notamment collaboré avec Lady Gaga, Sting et les groupes t.A.T.u. et Keane.
Ensemble, ils créent neuf titres. Le producteur déclarera : .

Un duo avec Sting est enregistré sur Stolen Car, une chanson de ce dernier parue en 2003 et pour laquelle Mylène Farmer réécrit une partie du texte et fait remixer le morceau par The Avener. Dévoilé à la fin du mois d'août 2015, ce titre fera office de premier extrait de l'album.

Sortie
Deux mois après la sortie du duo Stolen Car, qui se classe  du Top 50 en France et du Hot Dance Club Songs aux États-Unis, l'album Interstellaires paraît le . Classé dans le  de seize pays, il enregistre le meilleur démarrage de l'année en France avec près de  exemplaires vendus dès sa première semaine.

Certifié triple disque de platine en six semaines, l'album dépasse les  ventes trois mois après sa sortie.

Tout comme Stolen Car, le single suivant, City of Love, atteindra lui aussi la première place du Top 50.

Pochette
Signée par Ralph Wenig, la pochette de l'album montre Mylène Farmer dans une robe grise créée par Yiqing Yin, devant un fond de couleur saumon.
Les photos du livret mettent en avant le thème de l'espace.

Liste des titres

Le , l'album est réédité en double CD, le deuxième disque proposant les versions instrumentales de chaque titre.

Description des chansons
Hormis les reprises de Stolen Car et I Want You to Want Me, l'album est entièrement écrit par Mylène Farmer, qui co-signe également l'intégralité des musiques avec le producteur américain Martin Kierszenbaum. C'est la deuxième fois que la chanteuse travaille sur un album sans Laurent Boutonnat, après Bleu noir en 2010.

Allant du rock (Interstellaires, Love Song) à la pop (Voie lactée, City of Love), en passant par des titres funk (C'est pas moi), electro (Pas d'Access) et quelques ballades plus douces (À rebours, Insondables, Un jour ou l'autre), la chanteuse signe des textes plus aériens, souvent en rapport avec l'espace, faisant appel à l'imaginaire et dévoilant des envies d'ailleurs.
Elle déclarera : . .

Interstellaires

Introduit par des riffs de guitares électriques, ce titre aux sonorités rock évoque l'espace (, ), utilisant plusieurs mots issus de ce champ lexical (, , ).

Mylène Farmer déclarera : .

Elle réfutera l'idée d'avoir été inspirée par le film Interstellar de Christopher Nolan : .

Stolen Car

Ce titre est à l'origine chanson de Sting, issue de son album Sacred Love en 2003.

Admiratrice de Sting, Mylène Farmer assiste en 2009 à l'un de ses concerts à Londres et sympathise avec lui.
Cinq ans plus tard, devenus amis, ils envisagent une collaboration en duo. Sting déclarera :

Mylène Farmer réécrit alors une partie du texte en ajoutant des phrases en français, tout en gardant l'esprit du texte initial : un voleur de voiture qui s'imagine la vie du propriétaire de cette voiture, et notamment son histoire extra-conjugale (, ).
Elle propose ensuite à Sting de chanter le titre dans une tonalité plus élevée et de faire produire le morceau par The Avener, lui donnant une musicalité à la fois plus pop et electro.

À rebours

Dans cette ballade, la chanteuse propose un slam au sein des couplets, avant de chanter les refrains de façon plus aérienne.

Le texte aborde les épreuves de la vie (, ) et le repli sur soi ().

La chanteuse déclarera : .

Dans le texte, elle fait notamment allusion à une célèbre phrase d'André Malraux ().

C'est pas moi

Sur une ligne de guitare basse donnant un aspect funk à cette chanson rythmée, Mylène Farmer écrit un texte dans lequel elle dénonce le tiède, un thème déjà abordé dans certains de ses titres comme L'amour n'est rien..., et l'absence de prise de risques (, , ).

La phrase  fait référence à une formule du philosophe allemand Friedrich Nietzsche, qu'avait déjà reprise Michel Onfray dans son conte philosophique L'étoile polaire que la chanteuse a illustré.

Insondables
Dans cette ballade lancinante, la chanteuse relate l'histoire d'un homme désespéré (, ).
Au fur et à mesure que la chanson avance, on comprend que cette douleur est liée à une profonde peine de cœur (), les dernières phrases dévoilant que sa femme n'est plus de ce monde (, ).

Love Song
Ce nouveau titre rock est adressé aux , autrement dit aux personnes en manque d'amour (, ).

Le thème du cosmos est de nouveau utilisé (, ).

Pas d'Access

Pour ce titre plus electro, la chanteuse rend hommage au film Birdy d'Alan Parker (adapté d'un roman de William Wharton), dans lequel un soldat revient traumatisé de la guerre du Viêt Nam : ne sortant plus de son mutisme, il reste prostré durant des heures à fixer le ciel et à rêver de pouvoir voler comme un oiseau.

Les paroles du texte décrivent le sentiment d'enfermement (, ) dont le protagoniste tente de se libérer par son imagination (, , ).

La chanson se termine par un cri de rapace.

I Want You to Want Me

Cette ballade est une reprise du titre I Want You to Want Me, une chanson du groupe de rock américain Cheap Trick, sortie en 1977.

Alors que la chanson d'origine était très rock, Mylène Farmer la reprend dans une version beaucoup plus douce, transformant celle-ci en véritable chanson d'amour ().
Elle s'est notamment inspirée de la reprise que le chanteur américain Gary Jules (qu'elle avait invité sur scène lors de sa tournée Timeless 2013 pour interpréter en duo Mad World et Les mots) en avait faite en 2011 : .

C'est la seule chanson de l'album que Mylène Farmer interprète intégralement en anglais.

Voie lactée

Reprenant à nouveau le thème de l'espace (), la chanteuse propose un titre plus pop dans lequel elle aborde sa mélancolie parfois pesante (, ) et rêve de s'envoler pour plus de légèreté (, ).

City of Love
Sur une musique pop aérienne composée par elle-même, Martin Kierszenbaum et Matthew Koma, la chanteuse écrit un texte positif dans lequel l'amour est présenté comme pouvant illuminer la vie (, ).

Les mots  sont les seuls mots en anglais, au sein de ce texte écrit entièrement en français.

Un jour ou l'autre

Cette ballade, interprétée sur des notes aigües, évoque le deuil.
Alors que les couplets décrivent principalement l'absence et la peine (, ), les refrains offrent une vision davantage remplie d'espoir (, ).

Le thème de l'espace est de nouveau repris dans plusieurs éléments du texte (, , , , ).

La musique, composée notamment de cornemuses et de tambours, donne une musicalité écossaise au titre.

Accueil critique
  (La Dernière Heure)
  (Ouest-France)
  (La Voix du Nord)
  (Le Matin)
  (TV8)
  (Télé-Loisirs)
  (Le Parisien)
  (Le Soir)
  (Moustique)
  (Version Femina)

Singles
Deux chansons ont bénéficié d'une sortie en single : Stolen Car (en duo avec Sting) et City of Love. Le titre C'est pas moi a, quant à lui, simplement été envoyé aux radios au mois de .

Une semaine avant la sortie de l'album, le titre Insondables a été dévoilé en exclusivité, accompagné d'un clip dans lequel Mylène Farmer n'apparaît pas. Réalisé par Eve Ramboz et Annie Dautane, celui-ci dissémine toutefois de nombreuses références à la carrière de la chanteuse, au travers d'objets ou de photos cachées dans le décor.

Stolen Car

Diffusé en radio à partir du , le single sort en physique le .

Le clip, réalisé par Bruno Aveillan, met en images les paroles de la chanson de façon très sensuelle au cœur de Paris, principalement au Royal Monceau et sur les quais de Seine, près de la Cathédrale Notre-Dame de Paris. Sting joue le rôle du voleur de voiture et de l'amant, tandis que Mylène Farmer joue celui de la maîtresse.

La chanson connaît un grand succès, se classant  en France pendant deux semaines, mais également  en Belgique et aux États-Unis, au sein du classement Hot Dance Club Songs. Mylène Farmer et Sting interprèteront d'ailleurs le titre dans l'émission américaine The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon, ainsi que lors des NRJ Music Awards sur TF1.

City of Love

Disponible en téléchargement à partir du , le single sort en physique le .

Le clip, réalisé par Pascal Laugier, est tourné au Château de Chambly et intègre plusieurs références au cinéma fantastique, à l'instar de Edward aux mains d'argent de Tim Burton, Psychose et Les oiseaux d'Alfred Hitchcock, Cabal de Clive Barker ou encore Crimson Peak et Le Labyrinthe de Pan de Guillermo del Toro.
Mylène Farmer apparaît grimée en créature blanche et ailée, déambulant dans une maison abandonnée et poussiéreuse.

La chanson se classe  du Top Singles.

Au mois de , Martin Kierszenbaum propose un remix reggae du titre avec la collaboration du chanteur jamaïcain Shaggy.

C'est pas moi
Le titre C'est pas moi est envoyé aux radios le , dans une version légèrement raccourcie. Toutefois, celui-ci ne bénéficiera ni d'un clip, ni de remixes, ni d'une sortie physique.

Classements et certifications
Dès sa sortie, Interstellaires se classe directement  du Top Albums, enregistrant le meilleur démarrage de l'année en France avec près de  exemplaires vendus dès sa première semaine. Il atteint également le  de seize pays.

Certifié triple disque de platine en France en six semaines et disque d'or en Belgique, l'album dépasse les  ventes trois mois après sa sortie.

Classements hebdomadaires

Classements annuels

Certifications

Crédits

 Paroles : Mylène Farmer
 Sauf Stolen Car (Sting et Mylène Farmer)
 Sauf I want you to want me (Rick Nielsen)
 Musique : Martin Kierszenbaum et Mylène Farmer
 Sauf Stolen Car (Sting)
 Sauf I want you to want me (Rick Nielsen)
 Sauf City of Love (Martin Kierszenbaum, Matthew Koma et Mylène Farmer)
 Réalisation : Martin "Cherry Cherry Boom Boom" Kierszenbaum
 Sauf Stolen Car (The Avener)
 Programmation batteries, percussions et claviers : Martin "Cherry Cherry Boom Boom" Kierszenbaum
 Sauf Stolen Car (The Avener)
 Sauf I want you to want me (Jérôme Devoise)
 Guitares : Martin Kierszenbaum
 Guitares additionnelles :
 Sébastien Chouard (Love Song, Interstellaires, C'est pas moi, Insondables)
 Jerry Fuentes (City of Love)
 Basses : Martin Kierszenbaum
 Jonathan Noyce (Love Song, Un jour ou l'autre, Insondables, C'est pas moi)

 Batteries :
 Loïc Pontieux (Love Song, Interstellaires, À rebours, Un jour ou l'autre)
 Zach Jones (City of Love)
 Arrangements cordes : Graham Preskett
 Violoncelle Insondables : Ramino Belgardt
 Production : Stuffed Monkey
 Prise de son et mixage : Jérôme Devoise
 Enregistré et mixé au Studio Guillaume Tell
 Assistants : Adrien Bolko et Florent Berthier
 Ingénieurs prise de son USA : Guy Lake et Robert Orton (City of Love)
 Mastering : André Perriat à La Villa Mastering, assisté de Jérémy Henry
 Sauf Stolen Car (Florent Sabaton à Color Sound Studio)
 Management : Thierry Suc pour TS3
 Production exécutive : Paul Van Parys pour Stuffed Monkey
 Photos : Ralph Wenig
 Post-production : Christian Tochtermann
 Création typographique Interstellaires : Cédric Martineaud
 Stylisme : Yiqing Yin
 Design : Henry Neu pour Com'N.B
 Administration : Corinne Potier
 Assistant de production : Philippe Bascugnana

Notes et références

Liens externes
 Paroles de l'album
 L'album Interstellaires sur YouTube

Album musical sorti en 2015
Album de Mylène Farmer
Album publié par Polydor
Album numéro un en Belgique
Album numéro un en France
Album certifié disque d'or en Belgique
Album certifié triple disque de platine en France

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia