I heard a rumor that my boyfriend is cheating on me, but I don't want to confront him without proof.
Q. I have been dating a guy who is very attractive, smart and nice. But he has the worst manners. He burps out loud after he eats. He always gets in the car first, and never opens the door for me. He takes me to parties where all his friends are all gathered and won't introduce me to anyone. His behavior borders on rude, but I hesitate to say that, because I don't think he means to be. Is there any way I can tell him how I feel without hurting his feelings? I really want this relationship to work, but he has no class and it's driving me crazy.
A. First of all, he is rude. He may be rude out of ignorance. But he is still rude. Secondly, you have to make the decision on whose feelings are most important, yours or his and act accordingly. Bad manners should never be tolerated for the sake of a little company. Tell him and tell him now, before he gets worse. Remember, we teach people how to treat us. Get moving!
Q. I just heard from a very reliable source that my boyfriend of three years is newly engaged to another woman, and something tells me it's true. But if I confront him, he'll only lie and get angry with me for believing rumors. He's cheated on me before. How can I find out the truth? I don't want to lose him on an unfounded rumor. I can afford to hire a detective, but I hesitate because I don't want to invade his privacy.
A. Huh? I don't get it! If you can afford to hire a detective, do so. If not, do some investigating on your own, and find out if it's true. If it's true, you've lost him anyway. But the interesting thing is that you don't want to lose a man who you know is a liar and you believe is cheating on you.
Got a problem or a confession? We've got the answer. Send us your scenarios regarding The Single Life to beingsinglemagazine@gmail.com and put SingleScenes in the subject line.


text:
Q: Swift: cUrl equivalent Alamofire request I understand this is not conventional way but i am bound by client.
what is the cUrl equivalent to
Expected
curl -v -X POST -H "Authorization: Basic XXXX==" -d Rules='[{\"some\":\"thing\"}]' "xyz.com/rules"

Focusing on a Rules Field inside -d
Using
struct Parameters: Encodable {
    let Rules: [ [String : String] ]
}

Session().request(
    "xyz.com",
    method: .post,
    parameters: Parameters(),
    encoder: JSONEncoder()
).cURLDescription { description in
    print("cURLDescription: ", description)
}

This will result into
Present
curl -v -X POST -H "Authorization: Basic XXXX==" -d '{"Rules":"[{\"some\": \"thing\"}]}' "xyz.com/rules"

But this is not what is expected, need something which produces the above Expected cUrl command

A: import Foundation
#if canImport(FoundationNetworking)
import FoundationNetworking
#endif

var semaphore = DispatchSemaphore (value: 0)

var postData: Data? = nil
if let data = "Rules={\"some\":\"thing\"}".data(using: .utf8) {
    postData = Data(base64Encoded: data)
}
var request = URLRequest(url: URL(string: "xyz.com/rules")!,timeoutInterval: Double.infinity)
request.addValue("Basic XXXX==", forHTTPHeaderField: "Authorization")
request.addValue("application/x-www-form-urlencoded", forHTTPHeaderField: "Content-Type")

request.httpMethod = "POST"
request.httpBody = postData

let task = URLSession.shared.dataTask(with: request) { data, response, error in
  guard let data = data else {
    print(String(describing: error))
    semaphore.signal()
    return
  }
  print(String(data: data, encoding: .utf8)!)
  semaphore.signal()
}

task.resume()
semaphore.wait()

Use this extension to print curlString. https://gist.github.com/shaps80/ba6a1e2d477af0383e8f19b87f53661d

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
// Copyright 2013 Max Toro Q.
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.

using System;
using System.Collections.Concurrent;
using System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis;
using System.Linq;
using System.Reflection;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Mvc;
using FromRouteAttr = MvcCodeRouting.FromRouteAttribute;

namespace MvcCodeRouting.Web.Mvc {

   /// <summary>
   /// Extensions methods that provide utility functions for various ASP.NET MVC classes.
   /// </summary>
   [SuppressMessage("Microsoft.Naming", "CA1704:IdentifiersShouldBeSpelledCorrectly", MessageId = "Mvc")]
   public static class MvcExtensions {

      static readonly ConcurrentDictionary<Type, ControllerData> controllerDataCache = new ConcurrentDictionary<Type, ControllerData>();

      /// <summary>
      /// Binds controller properties decorated with <see cref="FromRouteAttribute"/>
      /// using the current route values.
      /// </summary>
      /// <param name="controller">The controller to bind.</param>
      /// <remarks>You can call this method from <see cref="ControllerBase.Initialize"/>.</remarks>
      public static void BindRouteProperties(this ControllerBase controller) {

         if (controller == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("controller");

         var controllerData = controllerDataCache
            .GetOrAdd(controller.GetType(), (type) => new ControllerData(type));

         if (controllerData.Properties.Length == 0) {
            return;
         }

         var modelState = new ModelStateDictionary();

         var bindingContext = new ModelBindingContext {
            FallbackToEmptyPrefix = true,
            ModelState = modelState
         };

         for (int i = 0; i < controllerData.Properties.Length; i++) {

            var propertyData = controllerData.Properties[i];

            propertyData.BindProperty(controller.ControllerContext, bindingContext);

            if (!modelState.IsValid) {
               break;
            }
         }

         if (!modelState.IsValid) {

            ModelError error = modelState.First(m => m.Value.Errors.Count > 0).Value.Errors.First();

            int statusCode = 404;
            string message = "Not Found";

            if (error.Exception != null) {
               throw new HttpException(statusCode, message, error.Exception);
            }

            throw new HttpException(statusCode, message);
         }
      }

#pragma warning disable 0618

      class ControllerData {

         public readonly PropertyData[] Properties;

         public ControllerData(Type type) {

            var metadataProvider = new EmptyModelMetadataProvider();

            this.Properties =
               (from p in type.GetProperties()
                let attr = p.GetCustomAttributes(typeof(FromRouteAttr), inherit: true)
                  .Cast<FromRouteAttr>()
                  .SingleOrDefault()
                where attr != null
                select new PropertyData(
                   property: p,
                   attribute: attr,
                   metadata: metadataProvider.GetMetadataForType(null, p.PropertyType)
                )).ToArray();
         }
      }

      class PropertyData {

         readonly PropertyInfo Property;
         readonly string Name;
         readonly FromRouteAttr Attribute;
         readonly ModelMetadata Metadata;

         public PropertyData(PropertyInfo property, FromRouteAttr attribute, ModelMetadata metadata) {

            this.Property = property;
            this.Name = property.Name;
            this.Attribute = attribute;
            this.Metadata = metadata;
         }

         [SuppressMessage("Microsoft.Design", "CA1031:DoNotCatchGeneralExceptionTypes", Justification = "Exception is rethrown by caller.")]
         public void BindProperty(ControllerContext controllerContext, ModelBindingContext bindingContext) {

            bindingContext.ModelName = this.Name;
            bindingContext.ModelMetadata = this.Metadata;

            object value = this.Attribute.BindModel(controllerContext, bindingContext);

            try {
               this.Property.SetValue(controllerContext.Controller, value, null);

            } catch (Exception ex) {

               if (bindingContext.ModelState.IsValidField(this.Name)) {
                  bindingContext.ModelState.AddModelError(this.Name, ex);
               }
            }
         }
      }
   }

#pragma warning restore 0618

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Learn more about auditions for the Kistap Forest Theater summer 2015 producations.
For over 100 years, The Mountaineers have kept up the centuries-old tradition of entertaining each other around the campfire. Today, we're proud to put on two productions each summer at our magical Kitsap Forest Theatre. This summer we're showing two greats: Mary Poppins and Shrek. We hope you'll come out to enjoy the show, and read on to take part in these amazing productions.
Please read to the end for employment and volunteer opportunties, including upcoming work parties.
Season Auditions for our 2015 season are just around the corner.
Auditions will beheld in Seattle and Bremerton.
Call 206-542-7815 or email for your appointment. More information on our auditions page. Weekday rehearsals are held in Seattle.
May 24-25, 30-31 and June 6-7, 13-14. Shows at 2 pm.
July 25-26 and Aug. 1-2, 8-9, 15-16. Shows at 2pm.
Based on the Oscar-winning DreamWorks Animation film, Shrek The Musical is a TONY Award-winning fairy tale adventure featuring all-new songs, a sidesplitting story and great dancing. Shrek brings all the beloved characters you know from the film to life on stage, including a large ensemble of fairy tale characters. Strong male and female lead roles. Need youth, teens, and lots of adults. Don't be left out; sign up to audition today.
We are looking for a Camp Coordinator and staff (paid and teen volunteers) to work at camp. This will be our 4th year, and campers delight in this unique outdoor summer program featuring art, music, drama, play, hiking and exploring the forest, wildlife and creeks at the Kitsap Forest Theater. Seattle campers ride the ferry each day.
Kitsap Forest Theater is looking for a stage manager for our spring show, Mary Poppins. Please contact us if you are interested in learning more about this position. If you are organized and can handle multiple tasks at once, we are willing to help train. Join a stellar production team and enjoy helping to birth a show from start to finish.
We are looking for volunteers to help with our Mound Re-do Project on the Kitsap Forest Theater stage this weekend and upcoming weekends. This is a great way to meet some behind-the-scenes Players and to help create a "magic room" on the stage. Come help our Set Builder, Chris Stanley, and other volunteers. contact us for more information. Dates are this Saturday and Sunday, January 17 & 18 and Sunday, January 25 and February 1. All times from 10 am to 4 pm. Ferry pickup in Bainbridge can be arranged.


text:
Emotional moment stroke victim grandad leaves hospital after 12 weeks without his family
'Rehab Legend' Paul Warren was overcome with emotion when he left Mount Gould Hospital last week
Erin BlackVideo Journalist
The emotional moment a Plymouth stroke survivor was reunited with his family after 12 weeks in rehab is making everybody cry.
Livewell Southwest Stroke Rehabilition unit in Mount Gould posted the touching clip online last week and it has since amassed thousands of views.
The video shows Kingsbridge man Paul Warren being escorted out of the rehab ward to a large round of applause, causing a rather emotional response from the 70-year-old.
The moment was made all the more poignant when he gave a tearful goodbye to all the nurses and other staff who had looked after him during his stay. You can watch the video at the top of this article.
The grandfather suffered a stroke in October 2020 and due to Covid-19 restrictions, spent the following three months in hospital separated from his family.
Unfortunately for Paul, the day he was admitted to hospital was the same day the Covid measures in hospitals were changed, so nobody could visit him.
This meant that Paul's two daughters only managed to see him in A&E for five minutes each until they were finally reunited again this January.
Paul with wife Sally before his stroke
"The last time we saw him was the 23rd of October," explained 29-year-old daughter Sophie. "The hospital did the best that they could in the circumstances. It was very frustrating but it wasn't their fault."
It was impossible for the family to check in on Paul personally because the effects of the stroke saw the retired electrician lose his speech and the movement in the right-hand side of his body.
Sophie explains however that thanks to a nurse called Glyn they were able to check in on their dad's progress via FaceTime.
She said: "We got quite friendly with a nurse who could see what we were going through and he FaceTimed dad through his mobile for us to see him. When he was on shift working with dad he was able to Facetime us and give us and update face-to-face.
"He's seen the video which is lovely, and we've got him on Facebook now."
Paul with daughters Hannah and Sophie who are very pleased to have him home
Paul's daughter Sophie says despite her former rugby playing dad's "very high pain threshold", he is lucky to be alive after also dealing with the liver abscess and a perforated appendix that caused the stroke, alongside later contracting sepsis.
Fortunately Paul started to make progress in his recovery and when he began his speech therapy, his therapist would arrange a weekly Zoom call for Paul to see his daughters and wife of 43 years, Sally.
Paul was finally able to return home this week, three months after having his stroke.
"He's just so happy to be home and that he had that determination to do this. He had a lot to live for," said Sophie.
The Kingsbridge-based family want to pay an enormous thank you to the NHS, Derriford Hospital and the Mount Gould rehab centre for supporting and caring for their father.
Sophie said: "He went from not being able to do anything to sitting up, walking, and talking - not brilliantly obviously, but he's still got his sense of humour."
Paul and his wife of 43 years Sally, share a tender embrace after being separated for three months during his rehabilitation
"He's got the best sense of humour," added Sophie, who explained that Paul's nickname is Quacker, a childhood nickname he got from the Tich and Quackers puppets made famous by Ray Alan in the 1960s.
She said: "He's always laughing at jokes; he's never dull, he's never boring and being in Kingsbridge, it's such a tight-knit community so a lot of people who know him or know of him have been following his progress."
Despite the video going viral online, classic car collector Paul hasn't let the fame go to his head.
Speaking on his behalf, Sophie said: "He said as long as the recognition goes to Mount Gould and Derriford, as at the end of the day it's Derriford that saved his life and Mount Gould that gave him life.
"There's not a lot you can say other than thank you.
"It would be nice to give them that recognition and to have that positivity, and also for other stroke survivors."
Paul, a "born and bred Kingsbridgian" has been described as a "rehab legend" by the team at the Mount Gould Rehab Unit and many comments of congratulations poured in for the 70-year-old following his video.
"Well done. Very emotional day. Will improve with time - each day new challenges, new things overcome carefully and safely together with family," wrote twitter user @ChrisJ30900467
"Absolutely sobbing ! What a man! Well done everyone," said user @vicrixmid
While Caroline Cooke added: "Awwwww that is so heartwarming. How lovely. I can't wait for this moment with my husband who has been in hospital then rehab since August."

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Marie-Soleil Beaudoin, née le  à Vancouver, est une arbitre internationale canadienne de football. Elle est arbitre internationale FIFA depuis 2014. Elle est notamment choisie par la FIFA comme arbitre pour la Coupe du monde féminine de football 2019.

Carrière sportive

Marie-Soleil Beaudoin commence comme arbitre, au niveau régional, en 2008, pour la province en 2009, puis au niveau national en 2013. Elle est arbitre international depuis 2014.

Vie privée et professionnelle non sportive
Née à Vancouver, Marie-Soleil Beaudoin a grandi au Québec, dans une fratrie de 4 filles. Diplômée en science à l'Université McGill, elle poursuit ses études à l'Université de Guelph, ou elle obtient une maîtrise en science, et un doctorat en nutrition et métabolisme. Elle est actuellement professeur en physiologie et en biophysique à l'Université Dalhousie, après avoir exercé un an à l'Université du nord de la Colombie-Britannique.

Références

Liens externes

Arbitre canadien de soccer
Personnalité féminine canadienne
Naissance en novembre 1982
Naissance à Vancouver

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Daniel Lingenauber (* 14. März 1991) ist ein deutscher Skeletonsportler.

Daniel Lingenauber ist Auszubildender und lebt in Olsberg. Der Athlet der RSG Hochsauerland begann 2004 mit dem Skeletonsport. Noch im selben Jahr nah er erstmals an deutschen Juniorenmeisterschaften teil, bei denen er 14. wurde. 2008 konnte er den Titel gewinnen. Seit der Saison 2008/09 startet Lingenauber auch international. Sein erstes Rennen bestritt er zum Auftakt der Saison in Winterberg auf seiner Heimbahn, wo er hinter Sebastian Haupt und John Daly in seinem ersten Rennen nicht nur sofort als Drittplatzierter das Podest erreichte, sondern auch sein bislang bestes Resultat im Europacup erreichte. Er kam in sieben der acht  Saisonrennen zum Einsatz und erreichte dabei dreimal einstellige Platzierungen, dabei verschlechterten sich die Platzierungen jedoch im Laufe der Saison stetig. In der Gesamtwertung wurde der Sauerländer Siebter. In der Saison 2009/10 wurde Lingenauber erneut in sieben von acht Rennen eingesetzt und erreichte erneut dreimal Top-Ten-Platzierungen, stand aber im Schatten der drei anderen deutschen Starter Alexander Kröckel, Christian Baude und Alexander Rotte, die die drei ersten Plätze der Gesamtwertung erreichten. Die Saison 2010/11 begann mit Rennen im Skeleton-America's-Cup. In Park City konnte er sich beim ersten Rennen der Saison und zugleich bei seinem ersten Rennen in dieser Wettbewerbsserie erneut hinter Kröckel und Pawel Tschujko auf den dritten Rang platzieren.

Weblinks

Skeletonfahrer (Deutschland)
Deutscher
Geboren 1991
Mann


The Krypton AX 120 ID features a new 100mm last that makes the legendary Krypton freeride performance available to advanced to expert skiers with a wider foot shape. Its ID liner enables a 100% custom fitting.
The Krypton AX 120 ID features a new 100mm last that makes the legendary Krypton freeride performance available to advanced to expert skiers with a wider foot shape. Cabrio 3 piece design provides highly versatile adjustability, smooth and progressive forward flex dynamics, and the fore/aft balance that comes with Dalbello's Center Balanced "Rocker" Stance. The Krypton AX 120 ID is slightly more forgiving in fit and function than the Krypton Pro. ID MAX custom Fit Liners are standard equipment for incredibly lightweight comfort with exceptional warmth, shock absorption and firm foot hold.
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text:
Improving Energy Efficiency
June 29, 2009 at 7:15 PM ET by Katherine Brandon
The President and Energy Secretary Steven Chu announced today several innovative actions
download .mp4 (101.5 MB) | read the transcript
Amidst the tremedous progress being made in Congress on legislation to create a clean energy economy, today the President led by example and did his part here in the Executive branch. The President and Energy Secretary Steven Chu announced today several innovative actions that will promote energy efficiency while saving Americans billions of dollars annually. This announcement highlights the fact that clean energy not only makes environmental sense, but it also makes smart economic sense. The President explained that this is why the administration has put energy at the forefront of our economic recovery, working to build a new, clean energy economy for the future:
So we've gotten a lot done on the energy front over the last six months. But even as we're changing the ways we're producing energy, we're also changing the ways we use energy. In fact, one of the fastest, easiest, and cheapest ways to make our economy stronger and cleaner is to make our economy more energy efficient. And that's something that Secretary Chu is working every single day to work through.
This announcement, which takes effect in 2012, includes major changes to energy conservation standards for household and commercial lighting. It mainly focuses on General Service Fluorescent Lamps, commonly found in residential and commercial builds, and Incandescent Reflector Lamps, commonly found in recessed and track lighting. Although these changes may not sound exciting, the President explained, the effects will be substantial:
The first step we're taking sets new efficiency standards on fluorescent and incandescent lighting. Now I know light bulbs may not seem sexy, but this simple action holds enormous promise because 7 percent of all the energy consumed in America is used to light our homes and our businesses. Between 2012 and 2042, these new standards will save consumers up to $4 billion a year, conserve enough electricity to power every home in America for 10 months, reduce emissions equal to the amount produced by 166 million cars each year, and eliminate the need for as many as 14 coal-fired power plants.
The President and Secretary Chu also announced that $346 million from the Recovery Act will go towards accelerating the development and use of energy efficient technologies in new and existing commercial and residential buildings. Improving building efficiency will not only create jobs, but it will also be a crucial step in reducing carbon emissions:
And if we want to make our economy run more efficiently, we've also got to make our homes and businesses run more efficiently. And that's why we're also speeding up a $346 million investment under the Recovery Act to expand and accelerate the development, deployment, and use of energy-efficient technologies in residential and commercial buildings, which consume almost 40 percent of the energy we use and contribute to almost 40 percent of the carbon pollution we produce.
We're talking about technologies that are available right now or will soon be available -- from lighting to windows, heating to cooling, smart sensors and controls. By adopting these technologies in our homes and businesses, we can make our buildings up to 80 percent more energy efficient -- or with additions like solar panels on the roof or geothermal power from underground, even transform them into zero-energy buildings that actually produce as much energy as they consume.
If you'd like to learn more about today's announcement and how it will improve energy efficiency, you can read the White House fact sheet.


text:
Music Niccolo Agliardi
Niccolo Agliardi
Niccolo Agliardi's source of wealth comes from being a songwriter. How much money is Niccolo Agliardi worth at the age of 48 and what's his real net worth now?
As of 2023, Niccolo Agliardi's net worth is $100,000 - $1M.
Niccolo Agliardi (born May 17, 1974) is famous for being songwriter. He currently resides in Milan, Italy. Italian singer/songwriter and musician who has gained fame thanks to his many albums including 1009 Days, From Home to Home, It's Not Worth Everything, and I have Not Finished.
Niccolo Agliardi is a Taurus and was born in The Year of the Tiger
Niccolo Agliardi was born in Milan, Italy on Friday, May 17, 1974 (Generation X). He is 48 years old and is a Taurus. He studied Italian literature at the University of Milan.
He began writing his first songs while he was in high school. The education details are not available at this time. Please check back soon for updates. Niccolo Agliardi is a member of Richest Celebrities and Songwriters.
Niccolo is turning 49 years old in
He has been inspired by fellow musicians such as Bruce Springsteen, Bob Dylan, Radiohead, John Mayer, and more. Niccolo is a Taurus. Taurus is an earth sign represented by the bull. Like their celestial spirit animal, Taureans enjoy relaxing in serene, bucolic environments, surrounded by soft sounds, soothing aromas, and succulent flavors. Taurus is fixed, an astrological quality that reflects Taurus's steadfast, loyal nature. Taurus is ruled by Venus, the enchanting planet that governs love, beauty, and money.
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Niccolo Agliardi's net worth
Online estimates of Niccolo Agliardi's net worth vary. While it's relatively simple to predict his income, it's harder to know how much Niccolo has spent over the years.
Continue to the next page to see Niccolo Agliardi net worth, estimated salary and earnings.


The 74 th Annual Meeting of the Japanese Society for Animal Psychology was successfully finished! Thank you very much for your collaborations! See you next time at Japan Women's University on 10-12, September, 2015!
The 75 th Annual Meeting of the Japanese Society for Animal Psychology will happen September 10-12 in Tokyo. For further information see http://square.umin.ac.jp/doushin75/index.html.
For the first time in the history of the Japanese Society for Animal Psychology, all presentation sessions (both orals and posters) during the 74 th Annual Meeting will be carried out in English. This is one of our attempts to promote internalization in preparation for organizing ICP2016 here in Japan. We appreciate your understanding and are looking forward to many of you attending the meeting and sharing your researches with us.
Spring has just come to Japan, though there still is a trace of winter left in the air. I hope you all are doing well.
This year's annual meeting of the Japanese Society for Animal Psychology will be held at INUYAMA INTERNATIONAL SIGHTSEEING CENTER (FREUDE) in Inuyama-shi, Aichi. The meeting is three days long from Saturday, July 19 th to Monday, July 21st, 2014.
During the meeting, we will have a public symposium and two special symposiums. At a public symposium, five invited guest speakers from abroad will give a talk: Dr. Klaus Zuberbuehler (monkeys), Dr. Robert Hampton (monkeys), Dr. Vincent Janik (dolphins), Dr. Raman Sukumar (elephants), and Dr. John Iversen (birds). They will present the latest findings of their researches conducted on various animal species. At special symposiums, we invited Drs. Peggy Mason, Ayaka Takimoto, and Teresa Romero for the theme of "empathy" and Drs. Michael Beran, Josep Call, and Satoshi Umeda for the topics of "science of mental time". A variety of interesting presentations are expected in these symposiums. We also invited Drs. Ralph Adolphs, Elizabeth Brannon, Michael Platt, and Maciej Trojan, who are intensively studying in the fields related to Animal Psychology.
We would like to inform you that all presentation sessions (both orals and posters) during the 74th Annual Meeting will be carried out in English for the first time in the history of the Japanese Society for Animal Psychology. It's one of our attempts to promote internalization in preparation for organizing ICP2016 here in Japan. We appreciate your understanding and are looking forward to many of you attending the meeting and sharing your researches with us.
This meeting is organized by Primate Research Institute of Kyoto University, which is located on a hill, a 20-minute walk from the meeting site "FREUDE". There our chimpanzees live in an outdoor compound where they can see Inuyama Castle on their west, and the city of Inuyama below their eyes. Inuyama is a city of international tourism with the Japan Monkey Centre which is a home of 67 primate species as well as the National Treasure "Inuyama Castle", a site of traditional cormorant fishing called "Ukai" on the Kiso River, the Museum Meiji-mura, and the Little World. I hope you will enjoy the lush greenery of Inuyama this time of year before the blistering heat of summer sets in.
Please note that the deadline for application is about two months earlier than last year due to the schedule of this year's meeting.
We, the members of the organizing committee, sincerely hope that many of you will be able to attend and give a presentation at the 74th Annual Meeting.
As our body is the result of evolution, it is no doubt that our mind is also the result of evolution. Comparative cognitive science is aiming for exploring the evolution of mind on the basis of comparison among living animals. Although this doctrine is still young and growing up, so many exciting results have been reported in recent years. In this public symposium "Frontiers in Comparative Cognitive Science: In Search of the Origins of Mind", we invited four international researchers who are working with a variety of animals; primates, dolphins, and birds. From their talk we can see the future of comparative cognitive science.
A potential function of metacognitive monitoring is to provide dynamic feedback on the status of ongoing cognitive processes to optimize cognitive control of those processes. Most of the work investigating metacognition in nonhumans has focused on the monitoring side of this interaction while minimizing the role that feedback based cognitive control might have on cognition. For example, metacognitive monitoring has been inferred when monkeys exert cognitive control in minimal ways, such as by avoiding tests or seeking information when ignorant. I will describe experiments from our lab in which we have begun to test whether metacognitive monitoring and control might interact in more dynamic ways in the contexts of working memory and discrimination.
The tendency to move in rhythmic synchrony with a musical beat is a human universal yet is not commonly observed in other species. In addition to its foundational role in music cognition, beat synchronization has been argued to play an important prosocial role in promoting interpersonal connections and possibly in diffusing group tensions. Synchronization to a beat involves multiple cognitive functions, including the ability to extract a simple periodicity from a complex musical stimulus and the ability to couple rhythmic movement to sound in a highly flexible manner. Does human ability in beat synchronization reflect a brain specialization for music cognition, for social bonding, or does it build on neural circuitry that ordinarily serves other functions? Several hypotheses have sought to explain the origins of human synchronization with music: The "vocal learning and rhythmic synchronization" hypothesis (Patel, 2006) posits that entrainment relies on the neural circuitry for complex vocal learning, which is posited to require tight coupling between auditory and motor systems. The "gradual audiomotor evolution" hypothesis (Merchant & Honing, 2014) proposes that component skills for beat synchronization are only partly shared with non-human primates. In this talk I will present experimental results bearing on this question, demonstrating rhythmic synchronization the sulphur-crested cockatoo (Cacatua galerita eleonora), which is able to synchronize with complex music across a range of tempos. Specifically, bouts of extended synchronized movement were observed, in the absence of any visual movement cues, and the rate of these movements varied with music tempo. This reveals both a perceptual ability to extract a simple periodicity from a complex musical signal, but also, crucially, the ability to couple movement timing to sound. As the sulphur-crested cockatoo is a vocal learner, this finding is consistent with he vocal learning hypothesis. We found additionally that the tendency to synchronize is greatly enhanced with human interaction, suggesting the joint importance of social factors. These results were the first indication that synchronization to a musical beat is not uniquely human and demonstrate how animal models can provide insights into the neurobiology and evolution of human music, sensorimotor integration, and social interaction.
Reference is a key component in the evolution of complex communication systems. Studies on animals have focussed on functionally referential signals, in which a call is reliably paired with a stimulus and this correlation is used by receivers to display behaviour appropriate to the communicated context. This approach does not make any inferences about the intention of the signaller. In its simplest form, reference does not require intention and occurs through a strong genetic predisposition in which the use of existing signals is restricted to exchanging information about a specific context. A good example here is the dance language of bees used to inform hive members of lucrative food locations. Studies on nonhuman primates have provided clear evidence for referential communication taking place intentionally. While nonhuman primates cannot invent or copy novel signals, they use different pre-existing signals to communicate about different food items, predators or social classes. In humans, reference goes beyond such constraints and novel signals can be introduced and used in referential communication. However, only few animals share the ability of referential communication and vocal learning with us. These are the cetaceans (whales, dolphins and porpoises) and the psittaciformes (parrots). In our work on bottlenose dolphins, we are studying the natural communication system of these animals to investigate how they use their ability of vocal labelling with learned signals in their own communication system. Bottlenose dolphins develop individually distinctive signature whistles that broadcast an animal's identity by the unique frequency modulation pattern. We documented stages of signature whistle development for three calves showing the changes in preferred frequency modulation patterns over time. Individuals use these signals as their prime whistle emitted when in isolation but also occasionally copy signature whistles of close relatives or associates. When copying, they introduce modifications to the copied whistle, making them recognisable as copies. In isolation, these exchanges occur most often in vocal matching interactions between the signature whistle owner and the copier. However, in free swimming, wild dolphins, signature whistles of absent dolphins are heard regularly. We have shown that wild dolphins can be addressed with copies of their own whistle. We are now studying whether such copies of absent animals occur on patterns that suggest that the emitter is searching for the whistle owner, or whether they are more likely to be used to exchange information about third parties, which would be evidence for referential use of these learned signals.
In 1871 Darwin famously wrote that, in his opinion, there was no fundamental difference between man and the higher mammals in their mental faculties. In the past decades this claim has driven much empirical research and, by and large, the evidence supports Darwin's hypothesis. One mental faculty, however, has been particularly difficult to study empirically, with little progress made until recently: the faculty of language. Non-human primates notoriously do not speak, and are unable to acquire speech even with substantial training efforts. Yet speech is only one manifestation of human language, a complex behaviour based on a number of fundamental processes: coding, inference, and assessments of common ground. In this talk I present our research programme on the biological origins of these processes in the different modalities of non-human primate communication and the underlying social cognition. Although primates have little control over their articulators, they are able to encode information using discrete and graded signals, sometimes composed into more complex sequences. The first line of investigation concerns the flexibility of primate signal production, both at the unit and sequence level, in the visual and vocal domain. The second line deals with the question of semantic content, that is, what types of meaning receivers can extract from signals and sequences, and how they integrate signal structure and sequential composition with pragmatic context and signaller intention. The third line of enquiry is to study the biological origins of common ground, including audience awareness and cooperative motivation during acts of communication. Primate social cognition and communication are intimately intertwined, so that the overall goal of our research programme is to empirically elucidate this crucial intersection to provide a deeper understanding of the primate origins of the human language faculty.
The superior levels of intelligence and cognitive abilities of elephants have been recognized since ancient times but only more recently are these being investigated within a scientific framework. In Asia the elephant, both in the wild and in captivity, has had a long history of interactions with people. The behavioural response of elephants to people can be thus expected to have been shaped by not only its intrinsic levels of intelligence but also by the nature of its past interactions. In this talk I shall first give some examples of the behaviour of wild Asian elephants, as observed in the field, before going on to link such behaviour to their adaptive responses to surviving in human-dominated landscapes. Elephants exhibit a range of behaviours in the wild from "grief" following death of a calf, to "cleverness" in sneak mating strategies, "aggression" against potential predators, and "tool use" in a variety of situations. When elephants enter human settlements, home gardens and agricultural fields in reach of food, water and even locally-brewed alcohol, they put their intelligent behavioural skills to good effect to achieve their goals. They sneak in silently into settlements and fields even when they have to cross a river, show controlled aggression against people who attempt to thwart their goals, and use their tusks or branches of trees as tools to break electric fences. Male elephants employ tactics from their social relationships in the wild such as all-male coalitions to tackle hostile farmers or attachment to an older male to learn the art of crop raiding. A comprehensive understanding of elephant psychology is necessary if we are to effectively manage the negative interactions between elephants and people.
Social animals face a problem. Competitors can monitor their behavior and learn to predict their actions. Theoretical models of signaling games predict that competing agents should select actions that minimize information broadcast to opponents. The degree to which animals plan to deceive others or merely adopt rule-based strategies that function deceptively remains hotly debated. Moreover, the neuronal mechanisms mediating deceptive tactics are unknown. To answer these questions, we developed a new competitive experimental paradigm designed to address the fundamental neurobiology of deceptive tactics in nonhuman primates. Here we show that pairs of rhesus macaques playing a computer soccer game develop dynamic, unpredictable, circuitous paths, which we refer to as feints. Using information theory, we show that these feints reduce the information monkeys provide to their opponent about their goal, thus serving to deceive him. Neuroimaging studies in humans have identified the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (DMPFC), among other areas, as potential components of a circuit for deceptive strategies. Analysis of both eye movements and firing rates of DLPFC neurons revealed that monkeys plan feints far in advance of their execution. A subset of DLPFC neurons selectively signaled deceptive plans but not other planned visually-guided movements. Pharmacological inactivation of DLPFC, but not DMPFC, impaired execution of deceptive tactics, leading to poor performance and an increased rate of losing the game. Together, these findings indicate that DLPFC is critical for strategic deception in competitive contexts, consistent with its role in planning and decision-making. These findings also show that nonhuman primates, like humans, plan deceptive tactics in advance rather than by merely reacting online to an opponent's movements.
In my talk I will first describe research that illustrates the behavioral signatures of the approximate number system (ANS) in nonhuman primates. While there are significant individual differences in the Precision of the ANS there do not appear to be species differences at least within the primate order. I will then turn to the neural basis of the ANS. Prior work suggests that neurons in the ventral intraparietal area of the well-trained rhesus monkey provide a labeled line code for numerosity. In contrast neurons in the lateral intraparietal area of the numerically naive rhesus monkey hold a summation code for numerosity. I will describe new data from our research group that suggests that very few VIP neurons are selective to numerosity in the naive monkey, but that numerosity can be derived from the firing of the population of non-numerically selective VIP neurons.
How can we study emotion?
"Empathetic systems" have a pivotal role in cooperative and synchronized behaviors as well as in our understanding of each other. They also have a psychological function in determining social orders and fairness. Recently, empathetic systems have been observed in human infants; suggesting that these systems are inherent to human nature. In addition, behaviors related to empathy have been reported in primates other than humans, and other species such as rodents. It is hypothesized that empathetic systems have an instinctive and adaptive function that promotes the fitness of each animal and group living, and that humans have acquired a unique and higher function through the evolutionary process. The particular interest in this special symposium "Higher behavioral functions in animals; their mind and evolution" is focusing on the evolutional perspectives of prosocial behavior in animals. Not only human beings, but also monkeys, carnivores and rodents show prosocial behavior such as cooperation and helping. Identifying contextual factors that are contributing to variation in the expression of prosocial behaviour and hindering progress towards understanding phylogenetic patterns is necessary for addressing the evolutionary origins of prosocial behaviour. In addition, contextual factors, including the nature of the relationship between the potential donor and recipient, the communicative behaviour of the recipients, and features of the prosocial task including whether rewards are visible and whether the prosocial choice creates an inequity between actors, need to be considered to identify the proximate mechanisms that drive these effects. We invited three outstanding speakers, namely Drs. Ayaka Takimoto, Teresa Romeo and Peggy Mason and they will talk about their recent research on this issue and discuss the evolutional process of the prosocial behavior.
In a rodent model for empathic helping established in my laboratory, a rat learns, without external reward or training, to deliberately open a door and thereby free a trapped rat. The motivational impetus for this pro-social behavior is neither motor mastery nor the potential reward of social play. Instead, our work suggests that communication of distress from the trapped rat to the free rat is required for helping. A rat that successfully releases a trapped rat experiences ending the trapped rat's distress as internally rewarding, meaning that helping has consequences that are desirable and that the rat seeks to experience again by intentional actions. In experiments designed to explore how the social relationship between free and trapped rats influences helping, rats were tested with cagemates or strangers from familiar or unfamiliar stocks (commonly termed outbred strain). Rats consistently help strangers from familiar stocks but do not help strangers from unfamiliar stocks, demonstrating that helping requires strain familiarity but not individual familiarity. If experience is so effective in facilitating pro-sociality, is there any role for genetics or relatedness? To address this question, rats were transferred at birth to litters from a different stock. Fostered rats never saw or interacted with another rat of their own stock until testing, making their own stock unfamiliar. Remarkably, although rats helped strangers from the fostering stock that they were raised with, they did not help trapped strangers of their own stock. This experiment shows that rats are not born with the motivation to help their own kind but rather must acquire that motivation through social interactions. Flexibility in determining one's pro-social in-group would be advantageous in changing social environments.
While the evolution of cooperative behaviors has generated an intense debate among evolutionists and animal behaviorists, the proximate mechanisms underlying cooperative relationships have received much less attention. In recent years, it has become clear that an understanding of proximate causation of cooperation is needed in order to obtain a more balanced and complete picture of the biology of the phenomenon. The proximate cause of cooperation refers to the immediate situation that triggers behavior, and the role of learning, memory, physiology, and neural processes. Since from an evolutionary point of view cooperative relationships are maintained because of the subsequent benefits they bring, there has been the tendency to erroneously assume that they are also motivated by their future benefits. This assumption would imply that animals engage in social interactions in order to gain future benefits, or that they are able to remember the services given by another individuals in order to offer a service in return at a later date. While this "rational" calculation offers a possible explanation, it is currently unclear whether or not some animal species have these cognitive capacities. Here I will argue that less-cognitively demanding mechanisms could be at the basis of the ?exibility needed to form complex, enduring cooperative relationships in animals in general, and in carnivores in particular. I will present work showing that coatis (Nasua nasua) direct agonistic support preferentially to those group members that support them most, and that this pattern could be mediated by simple emotional bookkeeping. I will also give examples of unconscious mimicry in domestic dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) and wolves (Canis lupus lupus), a behavior known to facilitate affiliation and pro-social behaviors between interacting individuals. Finally, I will show that oxytocin, a hypothalamic neuropeptide that plays an important role in various reproductive effects in mammals, enhances in domestic dogs a suit of behaviors related with cooperative bond formation and maintenance. While complex cognitive mechanisms may be present in some species, these examples are in line with the idea that simpler mechanisms, based on emotions, may be at the core of the patterns of cooperation reported for humans and other animals.
We often do good to others without expecting any return when we see people in need, even if they are unrelated strangers. Such prosocial behaviors support our society. Prosocial behaviors are defined as "voluntary actions that are intended to help or benefit another individual or group of individuals" (Eisenberg & Mussen, 1989) and has been considered a hallmark of humans in the past. However, recently, accumulating experimental data in comparative cognitive science have revealed that non-human animals also show prosocial behaviors. Why have prosocial behaviors evolved? From an ultimate perspective, the reason can be explained comparatively easily. Prosocial behaviors are beneficial to the actor when the recipient is related with the actor (kin selection; Hamilton, 1964) or when the recipient behaves prosocially toward the actor in return (reciprocal altruism; Trivers, 1971). A possible proximate mechanism has also been identified (e.g., de Waal & Suchak, 2010). Although a proximate as well as ultimate mechanism has been suggested to support evolution of prosocial behaviors, the psychological mechanism of prosocial behaviors remains unclear. Here, I introduce one potent psychological mechanism, put forward by Yamamoto and Takimoto (2012), that seems to support nonhuman primates' prosocial behaviors. Prosocial behaviors must be driven by other-regarding motivations when an individual cannot predict any return benefit (e.g., de Waal, 2008). Yamamoto and Takimoto (2012) indicated that empathy, the ability to share the feelings and emotions of others, is the most plausible underlying psychological mechanism of prosocial behaviors and may also be important in promoting them. On the other hand, a sense of fairness may play a role as a stabilizer of prosocial behaviors in non-human primates. That is, prosocial behaviors can be maintained by a sense of fairness, the inhibitory system for unnecessarily excessive expression of them. Without a sense of fairness, empathic individuals might be exploited by free-riders, which might lead to the extinction of prosocial behaviors. Therefore, the interplay of empathy and a sense of fairness is considered to be important to maintaining prosocial behaviors. In this talk, first, I will introduce experimental studies on prosocial behaviors in nonhuman primates, and discuss any similarities and differences between them. Secondly, I will talk about the psychological mechanism of prosocial behaviors by mainly discussing the role of empathy and a sense of fairness in them. Thirdly, I will demonstrate, by focusing on the behavioral data from tufted capuchin monkeys, that evidence from nonhuman primates supports this psychological mechanism.
The aim of this symposium is to discuss the evolutionary origins of mental time. Our mental time does not always reflect physical time, which involves the passage of time along a physical axis. For example, our mental time passes quickly when we are having fun, whereas it passes slowly when we are in distress. Mental time relies on the capacity to remember the past and imagine a future, which can be referred to as mental time travel. Some researchers have argued that the capacity for mental time travel is unique to humans, and that it is not shared by nonhuman animals. About 100 years ago, Wolfgang Kohler, a pioneer researcher of the mentality of apes, concluded that "The time in which the chimpanzee lives is limited in past and future." However, innovative research on scrub-jays has suggested that these birds are capable of mental time travel into the past and future. In a food-caching experimental task, scrub-jays were successful at distinguishing the type of food they cached, its location, and the duration of time it had been cached, which can be considered evidence of their ability to form episodic-like memory. In another experiment, the scrub-jays adjusted their food-caching behavior in ways that decreased the risk of losing their caches to conspecifics, thus saving the items for future consumption. These results suggest that the capacity for mental time travel may not be completely unique to humans. More recently, various researchers have addressed this issue by conducting experimental studies with a wide range of animal taxa, including humans. In the present symposium, three speakers will introduce recent advances in the study of mental time travel in human and nonhuman animals, including topics such as episodic-like memory, prospective memory, and future planning. They will then discuss the similarities and differences in the mental time of human and nonhuman animals.
Retrieving stored information either from working memory or long-term memory is an essential component of planning abilities. In fact, some authors have argued that certain types of memory like episodic memory and mental time travel have evolved not just to recall information but to assist organisms to solve current that they face or future problems that they may encounter. Although there has been some research on both memory and planning skills in the great apes, there has not been a concerted effort to investigate them together. This information is crucial to make inferences about the evolution of memory and planning systems in humans and other animals. In this talk, I will focus on object use in the great apes in problem solving situations. More specifically, I will examine various aspects of long-term memories for single events including cued recall and the importance of the various cues during encoding and recall. Additionally, I will examine planning for future goals in two contexts: exchanging tokens for food and making tools. Although the bulk of the talk will be devoted to data on great apes I will also include data on monkeys and corvids to offer a broader perspective on the evolution of these abilities.
Prospective memory (PM) involves remembering to perform a planned action or intention at an appropriate future time. PM is highly prevalent in daily life and can range in importance from being rather trivial (remembering to add an attachment to an email) to critical (remembering to take medication). For this reason, PM has been studied extensively in humans. However, PM has been understudied in nonhuman animals. We have designed a variety of PM tasks for use with nonhuman primates (and human children). These non-verbal tasks sometimes mimic the designs used in research with adult humans, and in other cases make use of the special capacities or training histories of our chimpanzees and monkeys. I will provide an overview of these research projects.
With chimpanzees, we assessed PM using naturalistic tasks. Chimpanzees had to remember to request a hidden food item at a later time by naming it with a lexigram symbol. In all experiments, after seeing a food being hidden, the chimpanzees had to retain this memory for 3-30 minutes while participating in a concurrent task such as foraging for preferred food items or matching lexigram tokens to photos of representative food items. The chimpanzees had to request the hidden food at specific times during these tasks, and so they had to encode when to make those requests and then remember to do so at the appropriate time. In most variations, the chimpanzees succeeded in doing this, even when the appropriate moment for implementing the PM was determined by the experimenter or was left to the chimpanzee to decide. Thus, chimpanzees appear to have the capacity for PM in tasks that are similar in basic design and complexity to those used with humans.
In another series of experiments, rhesus monkeys and capuchin monkeys were presented with a variation of the matching-to-sample task in which they had to anticipate and plan a future response before they were allowed to make it. After seeing only the sample, monkeys performed a psychomotor task in which they pursued moving stimuli around the screen. Later, they had to remember to make the matching response. Both species succeeded in this task, demonstrating that they anticipated future responses before they could be made. Thus, monkeys also appear to show some of the characteristic features of a PM system.
In our daily lives, we make plans to do things at particular times in the future. Neuropsychological and neuroimaing studies have been focusing on memory of such plans or intentions, which is called prospective memory (PM). The broadly accepted divisions involved in PM consist of prospective memory component (PMC), the process for remembering to remember, and retrospective memory component, the process for remembering the content of intended actions. Although both components need to be appropriately processed for realizing intentions, PMC is particularly essential since it requires spontaneous memory retrieval. In this talk, I will first present our neuropsychological and neuroimaging investigations for identifying unique characteristics of future cognition in humans. As a neuropsychological study, I will highlight the question of whether damage to part of the prefrontal cortex affects attenuated performance of PMC. Our data indicated that the following three areas are highly contributory to PMC performance: the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; the right ventromedial prefrontal cortex; and the left dorsomedial prefrontal cortex. These areas are all located in the anterior prefrontal cortex (BA10), which has been considered as the most critical area for prospective remembering. I will then provide our results from functional MRI study to demonstrate the effectiveness of implicit cues for making awareness of sustaining intentions in mind. The results also support the involvement of the anterior prefrontal cortex (BA10). Recent cognitive neuroscience studies have been focusing on the role of the BA10 from the perspectives of default-mode network and episodic future thinking. In the final part of my talk, I will address some questions for uncovering the function of the BA10 from integrative perspectives for understanding the unique properties of future cognition in humans.
All sessions will run in the Main Hall of the 4th floor.
Each speaker has 15 minutes (including 3 minutes discussion). The time keeper will ring the bells at 10, 12 and 15 minutes.
We have a PC (Windows 7) connected to a projector in the room. Microsoft R PowerPoint 2013 is installed in the PC. Please bring your presentation file and any materials you refer in your slides (e.g. move clips) to the PC in the room prior to the session (more than 20 minutes before the start of the session for your presentation). Please also confirm that your presentation works fine.
You can use your own PC if you want. However, please recognize that the time for connecting/disconnecting your PC is included in your presentation time of 15 minutes. It is strongly recommended to bring your PC prior to the session to confirm the connection with the projector to avoid any potential troubles. Please note that a Macintosh PC frequently causes problem for connection with the projector in this venue.
If you want to distribute handouts for your presentation, please prepare the copy (around 200) on your own and give them to a staff prior to the session.
A chair person is requested to run the session on time. If a presentation is canceled, please use the time slot for discussion on the previous talks or as a free time for rest.
If the first author of the presentation is absent, the presentation is basically regarded as "canceled". If one of the co-authors wants to present the work instead, you may do so under the approval of the chair of preparation committee for this meeting.
If you have any change to the information in this program, contact us by mail or onsite.
Poster presentation is scheduled in the evening of the first and second day (19 th and 20th July) in Room B (2nd Floor).
The size of poster panel is 90cm in width and 180cm in height. Push pins are available at the place. You can put your poster from around 12:00pm on the first day (19th July).
Core time for odd-number presentation is 5:30-7:00pm on the first day (19th July). Core time for even-number presentation is 5:30-7:00pm on the second day (20th July). We will have parties with light meal and drinks in the same room just after the poster sessions.
Please remove your poster on the third day (21st July) by 10:00am. After this time, we remove all the remaining posters and discard them to prepare the room for having General Assembly at lunch time. If you want to pick up your removed poster, please consult a staff.
Handouts or summary of the poster should be prepared by yourself.
Abstract Submission for "The Japanese Journal of Animal Psychology (動物心理学研究)"
You are requested to submit the longer version of abstract for your presentation (up to 400 words) through the website of this meeting to be included in "The Japanese Journal of Animal Psychology (動物心理学研究)". The abstract can be submitted from 1st July (Tue) till 17:00PM on 15th July (Tue). You need to enter the ID and password which you registered during the first submission process to access the submission page for the longer abstract. Basically, we don't accept changes to the information already registered in the first submission. Contact us for the request of any change. The printed draft can be checked onsite during the meeting.
Tour to Primate Research Institute will take place during lunch time of the first and second day. You can see the chimpanzees living in the new facility (details are shown in P.77 of the program book). Please write down your name in the tour-application sheet onsite, near the registration desk. Please bring your lunch with you since the tour is scheduled during one-hour lunch break.
5-minute walk from Inuyama Station on the Meitetsu Inuyama Line.
About 25 minutes by the Rapid Limited Express (Kaisoku Tokkyu) or Limited Express (Tokkyu).
We will not arrange accommodation for participants. Please make sure to secure a room at your preferred hotel by yourself. Information about the hotels near the venue is listed below. You can also contact the Inuyama Tourists Information Center for more information (http://inuyama.gr.jp/, TEL: 0568-61-6000).
The deadline for advance registrations is Thursday, May 15th, 2014. Registrations after the deadline will not be accepted, except registering at the on-site registration desk that will be opened during the Annual Meeting.
Please note that each bill/form can be used only for one participant.
All participants who will give a presentation as first author are required to make an advance payment.
Corresponding authors (those who are responsible for a presentation that will be given by undergraduate first author) are also required to make an advance payment.
Only members of the Japanese Society for Animal Psychology are permitted to make an advance payment or advance registration with the exception of undergraduate students who will make a presentation as first author.
Honorary members are entitled to attend the meeting free of charge. Please visit the on-site registration desk during the meeting.
Please note that first authors are also required to make an advance registration along with abstract submission. The submission will be canceled in case that the payment is not confirmed by the deadline.
All presentations must be given in English. The time and date of each presentation will be decided by the Organizing Committee.
Oral Presentation Sessions are scheduled as follows: Oral Presentation Session A in the afternoon of the first day, Oral Presentation Session B in the morning of the second day, and Oral Presentation Session C in the afternoon of the third day. The time allocated for each presentation is 15 minutes including 3 minutes for Q&A.
Posters will be exhibited throughout the three-day meeting. Poster Session is scheduled in the evening of the second day, which gives participants a 60-minute discussion period.
First author of each presentation must be a member of the Japanese Society for Animal Psychology and have completed the payment of the membership fee. Individuals who are willing to become a member, including new graduates who graduated from school at the end of March, 2014, are required to submit an application form to Secretariat Office of the Japanese Society for Animal Psychology by the deadline of advance registrations. Each individual is permitted to serve as first author on only one presentation.
Non-members of the Japanese Society for Animal Psychology are welcomed as a co-author. Payment of registration fee is required to attend the meeting.
Non-member undergraduate students are permitted to become first author of their poster presentation only when it is submitted in collaboration with a "corresponding author". The corresponding author, who has supervised the student's research and presentation, must be a member of the Japanese Society for Animal Psychology. They are required to complete advance registration by the deadline and make payments of registration fee of their student together with their own. Each member can serve as a corresponding author for only one presentation during the meeting. Abstract submission must be completed by the student via On-Line Abstract Submission system under the supervision of their corresponding author. Please note that graduate student members are not accepted as a corresponding author.
Research Award for Young Scientists is meant to celebrate the very best presentation given by a young scientist. Please refer to the article about the Research Award for Young Scientists on the Japanese Society for Animal Psychology website and send necessary documents (an application form, abstract, and CV) to the President of Selection Committee, Dr. Hiromi Wada at Hokkaido University via email (wada@let.hokudai.ac.jp) by Thursday, May 15th. Poster Award will also be given to excellent poster presentations by the Organizing Committee of the 74th Annual Meeting. Applicants for the Poster Award should contact the Organizing Committee (doshin2014 at ml.pri.kyoto-u.ac.jp). The eligibility of the award and necessary documents are the same as those of Research Award for Young Scientists.
The deadline for applications has passed. Individuals who are willing to organize a workshop are required to download an application form and send it to after filling out all necessary information. Confirmation of application will be sent to the applicant by e-mail within a few days.
This meeting has three Oral Presentation Sessions and one Poster Session. Posters are to be mounted on a panel throughout the meeting. Applicants should indicate their preference for an oral or poster presentation when they register, but their request may not be granted due to capacity reasons.
Public Symposium is scheduled in the afternoon of the third day of the meeting. The details will be updated here.
Two Special Symposiums are scheduled as follows: Special Symposium 1 "Sympathy" in the afternoon of the second day and Special Symposium 2 "Science of Mental Time" in the morning of the third day of the meeting.
Workshops are organized by the members of the Japanese Society for Animal Psychology. They are scheduled from 10 am to 12 pm on the first day of the meeting. Individuals who plan to organize a workshop must submit a proposal in advance. Please note that the Organizing Committee has the right to decide which proposals will be accepted when there are too many proposals. Workshops can be presented in Japanese. Participating in workshops (but not in other programs) is free of charge.
Instead of having an official banquet, Academic Discussion Session is scheduled right after the Poster Session in the evening of the second day of the meeting. Participants who have paid registration fees are entitled to admittance to this Academic Discussion Session as well as Welcome Reception in the evening of the first day.
Several meetings are scheduled as follows.
Saturday, July 19th --- Editorial Committee Meeting and Administrative Board Meeting (newly-elected board members) in the morning, and Executive Board Meeting at noon.
Sunday, July 20th --- Research Award for Young Scientists Committee Meeting in the morning and Administrative Board Meeting (former board members) at noon.
Monday, July 21st --- Administrative Board Meeting at noon and General Meeting in the afternoon.
Other events are also being planned by the Organizing Committee.
Secretariat Office of the Japanese Society for Animal Psychology C/O K & U Co., Ltd.


Kitchen Sideboard Table Tags : This Is Not A White Dining Room Sets But It Could've Been Modern White Dining Room Table. Killer Dining Room Furniture Sets.
Hope Finley Dining Room, 2018-09-18 00:54:34. If you decide to go for hickory for your dining tables, you've made a good choice. These are comforting to look at, and do not at all appear dark in any room. It can light up an entire dining area, making it look casual and accommodating. There is something very homey about hickory kitchen tables, and guests will love coming over during mealtimes because they will always feel welcome in your home.
Hope Finley Dining Room, 2018-09-19 13:16:42. One of the best types of dining furniture you can ever get for your home is walnut furniture. If you've never seen walnut before, it's the black walnut kind that is so much rarer to get, but much more beautiful to look at - in general, black walnut appears straight-grained, with a uniform texture that feels a bit coarse to the touch. The beauty of black walnut dining furniture is that it starts of with a rich, warm shade, which is so beautiful to look at, especially in the light. As it ages, and as time progresses, it then turns into a more golden brown, which is equally stunning.
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Brooke Mcguire Dining Room, 2018-09-19 05:58:24. If you are still confused about dining furniture or which dining tables to get, go to your local furniture shop and consult a professional to get a second opinion. These people will surely be able to assist you in finding the perfect pieces to install in your dining room area. One thing is for sure: walnut-based furniture is one of the best choices out there, and will certainly last you for years. For that elegant, comfortable look, it is definitely one of the best types of hardwood to go for that will ensure you that you will get the look you want.


The Destruction, Reimagination, and Reinvention of The Job.
Some call this is the Age of the Internet, the Age of China, the Age of Innovation. But above all, we live in the Age of Dilbert. Or, more accurately, we suffer through it.
So why can't we have work that nourishes the mind, body, and soul? Why can't we have work that's meaningful and fulfilling, challenging and compelling, riveting and involving? Work that's not just, well, work, a source of displeasure that pays the bills, but a calling, a mission, a purpose, and a passion, that pays life forward?
Here's my hunch. Whoever does reinvent the job might have finally built a company that's so relentlessly innovative, so fully engaged, so unshakably persevering that it reduces pretty much everyone else to a distant second place.
Rant courtesy of one of my favorite thinkers, Umair Haque.
This so accurately sums up the movement I consider myself a part of.
Only I don't think it's going to be one entity, like he suggests, that "gets this right." I think it's going to be a whole lot of us, working in concert, spreading the fire, pushing the tidal wave of progress.
Oh yes… work is about to get a whole lot more fun.
If you're a revolutionary who wants to help create the new world of work, please stay connected by subscribing here. More info coming soon!
Image is from the website of Parramatta in Western Sydney, Australia. This visual was so cool and representative of a "new world of work" vision I had to co-opt it. It's even cooler animated — visit their site here.
so here's my thought on this: that world is already here (and has been for a long time) but people would rather prostitute themselves for a high pay check. there have always been people who follow what they love to do, who are not just out for a paycheck but actually BELIEVE in what they do. however, the fact of the matter is that a lot of people would rather make MORE money doing what they hate then make less doing what they love (though in truth when someone begins to do what they love and do it well, they sometimes end up making even more than the guy who hates his job.) the bottom line is this: if you look at money as the single definer of "wealth" you will always pick the job with the largest paycheck, even if doing it crushes your soul. but if you see "wealth" in terms of not just dollar signs, but terms of happiness, fulfillment, purpose in your life and in your life's profession, then you will be ready to do what it is you love even if you make less money. the problem is that most of the world doesn't want to redefine "wealth" or is so deep in the lie that money = fulfillment that they will waste their miserable lives away slaving at a job they hate to buy things they don't really want to impress people they don't even like. granted, the corporate world takes full advantage of this lie and in so doing creates millions of little dilberts. but the root problem is not the corporations, it is us who believe and support the lie they use. the solution is simple: if we redefine wealth and stop believing the lie, they will have no choice but to change how they do things.
Hey Ben — I LOVE what you are saying, because this is absolutely where it all starts: with the INDIVIDUAL. Until we, individually, begin to believe that we have a choice in what we do with our lives, we'll remain in a "victim" mindset. This mentality, of course, doesn't create any positive change, for ANYONE.
What I'm looking for are the people who want to take this to the next level. I want to help round up the revolutionaries — the early adopters, the catalysts, the firestarters, the influencers — who have already found a way to liberate themselves from the "old system" and now want to help take the freedom they've found to the rest of the work world.
For this to work, change needs to come from both sides — it must be each individual being enlightened to the things you are talking about, but it must also happen at the corporate / leadership / organizational / system / culture level. There is much to be done from both angles.
Will this be an easy project? Hell no, but the majority of human beings spend the majority of their lives in a work environment being miserable — if there was ever a worthy cause, for me this is it!


This session is the result of a yearlong study of the most recent ICS/SCADA vulnerabilities that affected industrial control systems and critical infrastructure. The study includes root cause analysis, attack vector scrutiny, consequence of successful attack and finally remediation guidance for the same.
This document was retrieved from http://www.rsaconference.com/videos/quick-look-2015-industrial-control-systems-vulnerability-trends	on Sat, 20 Apr 2019 06:47:02 -0400.


text:
Benin az egyesült államokbeli Los Angelesben megrendezett 1984. évi nyári olimpiai játékok egyik részt vevő nemzete volt. Az országot az olimpián 1 sportágban 3 sportoló képviselte, akik érmet nem szereztek.

Ökölvívás

Források

N1984
Benin


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In a pan, fry the sliced red pepper and sliced spring onion.
Add the fajita spice and a squeeze of lime.
Add the chopped coriander and the chicken. Keep the mix hot.
Warm the tortillas and serve with salsa and grated cheddar.


Free Wine for Tweets: Bribery, or Clever Use of Social Media Marketing?
Will Trade Wine for Twitter Mentions.
I received this email this morning. As an Interactive Internet Marketer, I thought it to be a great use of Twitter for Social Media Marketing (and quite common methodology actually). Upon further thought, however, I realized that it is just as easily can be seen as a bribe. Here is what the email read. *All names and wineries have been changed to non-existent names [with quotes], but the content remains exactly the same.
I wanted to pop you a quick note to invite you to an exclusive Live Tasting Tweet-Up with [Red Wine Winery]. The event is hosted by [Super Cool Online Buying Wine Company] and will take place January X at 6:00 p.m. EST.
As a participant, you will have the opportunity to sample 3 bottles of [Red Wine Winery's wine], which we will mail to you before the tasting.
If you'd like to participate, please confirm and provide an appropriate shipping address by January x.
Don't hesitate to let us know if you need any additional information or have any suggestions on how we can keep things going during the Tweet-up.
Last year, as Director of Social Media for an online retail company, I sent 'free' samples all of the time in trade for reviews and never thought of its potentially unethical merits. Now I wonder: Is there a way of doing Social Media Marketing to it's fullest extent without giving free products in exchange for online recognition? Is this ethical? Am I being bribed, or simply offered a great chance to taste wine and let other know what I think?
Note to Wineries: if you would like for me to tweet/blog/Facebook about your wine, please send bottles to Seattle Wine Gal P.O. Box….. Just kidding!


text:
How the Industrial Revolution Fueled the Start of World Fairs
The World's Exhibitions conjure up images of New York's 1964 mid-century technicolor vision of the future, the 1893 Chicago Ferris Wheel and Midway (and HH Holmes), and the Eiffel Tower, which was built for the World's Fair. from 1889 in Paris. There is also the idea that these world gatherings were organized primarily to entertain the masses. But it was more than just entertainment.
The earliest versions of the World's Fair coincided with the spread of the Industrial Revolution from England to the United States and the events provided a platform from which countries and companies could display their industrial might and the latest innovations. . They were also designed to instill confidence in an audience still used to the idea that many of the products they use every day are now made using machines rather than by hand.
Here's a look at the role of the Industrial Revolution in creating World's Fairs and how influential international gatherings accelerated the development of new technologies.
WATCH: Modern Marvels on HISTORY Vault
Local festivals expand to international exhibitions
The concept of bringing people together to show and sell what they have produced is not new. After agricultural festivals had existed for centuries, groups of mechanics and craftsmen began organizing their own fairs around the 17th century, according to Robert Rydell, professor emeritus of history at Montana State University and author of several books on world exhibitions.
"For centuries there have been agricultural fairs and festivals, and then as you step into the 17th century, there are different celebrations that mechanics and craftsmen would organize," says Rydell. "As we move closer to the 19th century, with the acceleration of industrialization, there are festivals dedicated to showing what individuals and groups of mechanics have been able to accomplish with new innovations," says Rydell. , noting that they were regional, and not yet national in scope.
In 1851, the Great Exhibition of Works of Industry from All Nations, better known as the Great Exhibition or Crystal Palace Exhibition, was a game-changer. The event, which is considered the first World's Fair, took place in Hyde Park in London. It was not only the first national festival celebrating industrial progress, it was also the first international exhibition, explains Rydell. "It really brought together parties, governments and private interests across the Atlantic and Europe to show the fruits of industrialization," he adds.
The centerpiece of the event was the exhibition hall: a glass and cast iron structure called Crystal Palace. Resembling a massive greenhouse, the interior was flooded with natural light, giving attendees an enlightening look at the world's newest industrial wonders, usually confined to dark factories.
"The Crystal Palace exhibit was intended to provide a measure of stability and confidence in the face of growing anxiety over industrialization," said Rydell.
Bringing the factory to fairground enthusiasts
As well as being a time of unprecedented innovation, the start of the Industrial Revolution in 18th century England was also a time of enormous social upheaval and upheaval. "People had been moved from farms, [and there were] industrial depression cycles, "says Rydell. "There is nothing certain about where industrialization is going, so what will the future look like? This is the question that the promoters of the Crystal Palace have attempted to resolve and answer for a mass audience.
Subsequent international exhibitions and exhibitions, notably those in Paris (1855, 1867, and 1878) and Philadelphia (1876), also sought to make the public more comfortable with the idea of industrialization and manufacturing. But starting with the Colombian Exposition of 1893 in Chicago, companies took a new approach: instead of just letting show visitors see their latest products, they would show them how they were made.
Process exhibitions, which featured small-scale demonstrations of factories, made their debut at the 1893 World's Fair in Chicago.
Sepia Times / Universal Images Group via Getty Images
Known as "process exhibitions," the companies installed small-scale but fully functional versions of their factories at the events, giving visitors the chance to see for themselves how everything was made, from glass to glass. shoes to food, according to Allison C. Marsh, associate professor of history at the University of South Carolina in a chapter of Meet me at the fair: a world fair reader.
But the purpose of these exhibits wasn't for attendees to come away with a working knowledge of the technical details involved in manufacturing, Marsh notes. Instead, the companies aimed to demonstrate the complexity of the process and their advanced machines.
"By highlighting the number of steps, manufacturers could illustrate the quality of their products and justify the price of the end product," writes Marsh. Like the organizers of the Universal Exhibition of 1851, companies hoped that these factories on site would inspire confidence in consumers who may still be hesitant about mass products and industrialization in general.
A tradition of technological progress
The incredible success of the Great Exhibition of 1851 kicked off the exhibition movement around the world, serving as a model for those that followed. The exhibitions of new products and technological marvels have kindled a fire under potential competitors to come up with something even more impressive for the next exhibition, further fueling industrial growth and development.
"Think of it in terms of soft diplomatic power," Rydell says. "You are not going to war on someone, but you are basically showing the kind of power that you have amassed with all your resources."
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text:
Players the New York Knicks Should Build Around
Christian De Block
For the better part of this decade, the New York Knicks have been the laughing stock of the NBA.
This season has been no different, as the 21-45 Knicks have the fourth worst record in the Eastern Conference. The Knicks attempted a playoff push this season instead of developing their young guys. The team needs to focus on the future and determine which players on the current roster should be a part of the rebuild. Who should the Knicks build around in order to become a consistent playoff team in the future?
1: RJ Barrett
After being selected third overall in 2019, RJ Barrett showed flashes of being a future All-Star, but he also struggled with limited pieces around him.
As a 6'6″ shooting guard, Barrett has shown the ability to become a secondary playmaker moving forward. He can attack the basket with his left hand forcing the defense to collapse giving him an opportunity to find an open teammate.
In 56 games this season, Barrett averaged 2.6 assists per game, which ranks him fifth on the team. His assists totals would have been significantly higher had the Knicks not signed Julius Randle, who took the ball out of Barrett's hands. With his size, I expect Barrett's playmaking skills to grow as the Knicks put the ball in his hands more often.
Another aspect of his game that needs some work is his scoring efficiency. Scoring 14.3 points per game in his rookie season is solid, but that statistic doesn't show everything.
On 13 field goal attempts per game, Barrett shot the ball 40.2% from the field. From three, he shot 32% on 3.5 attempts per game. The biggest concern is his 61.4% from the free throw line, which ranks last in the league among qualified shooting guards.
The more Barrett attacks the basket, the more likely his attempts at the line will increase. During the season, the guard averaged 13 field goal attempts per game with only 3.5 of those coming from three. Those numbers show that Barrett takes most of his shots inside the paint or mid-range giving him plenty of opportunity to go to the line. This means that he needs to work on his free throw shot and look to bring that percentage up in his second season.
An aspect of his game that goes overlooked is his defense. He averages one steal per game, and he can be a very solid wing defender as he gets older. With his size, he has the ability to guard multiple positions and use his 6-foot-10 wingspan to lock down his matchup.
Barrett did not have a great rookie season, but the situation he was drafted into had a drastic effect. If the Knicks decide to use him as a playmaker in addition to being a scorer, I see no reason why he cannot become a much better offensive player. Moving forward, the Knicks should prioritize building around their 2019 first round pick.
2: Mitchell Robinson
A 2018 second round pick, Mitchell Robinson brings a lot of energy and has the raw talent to become an elite defensive center. The 7-foot center has shown glimpses of being an all-defensive first team player, but also has some weaknesses that need to be worked on.
Offensively, Robinson isn't a modern NBA center. Currently, a lot of centers have the ability to shoot the ball from the perimeter.
Robinson's defensive skills could compare to those of Utah Jazz All-Star Rudy Gobert. If Robinson ever becomes what Gobert is in 2020, he can be a dominant force in New York for years to come.
In his second season in the league, the center didn't show a lot of improvement, but a lack of progression was not all his fault. This season, Robinson averaged 23.1 minutes per game with veterans like Bobby Portis and Taj Gibson sharing the minutes at his position.
Another weakness that the center has shown in the league is his ability to get in foul trouble. In his two seasons, Robinson has averaged 3.3 and 3.2 personal fouls per game, which ranked in the top 25 in both seasons. This is something Robionson will need to grow out of if he wants to be the future starting center for the Knicks.
The biggest strength he has on the offensive end is his ability to run the pick and roll. With point guards like Elfrid Payton and Frank Ntilikina, the Knicks have had success finding Robinson above the rim to finish on the roll.
Just like Gobert, the best attributes of the Knicks center comes on the defensive end. This season, Robinson has averaged two blocks per game, which ranks seventh in the NBA. If Robinson continues to grow as a player and can stay out of foul trouble, he can be one of the most dominant defensive big men in the league.
3: Frank Ntilikina
The Knicks 2017 first round pick is definitely a wild card for the future, but he can be a big part of a solid second unit. The team has Ntilikina, Payton, and Dennis Smith Jr. at the point guard position and will need to prioritize one over the other.
The guard the Knicks need to give the most minutes to is Ntilikina. He has progressed in each of his first three seasons, and already has plenty of talent defensively. It is just a question of if he can become more of a threat scoring the ball.
In three seasons, the point guard out of France is averaging six points per game on 39.3% shooting from the field and 32.1% from three. He only averaged 20.8 minutes per game this season, and with more time on the court, he should become a more effective shooter.
In the 49 games Ntilikina played before the All-Star break, he took 5.6 shots per game shooting 38.2% from the field and 30.4% from three. In the 8 games after the break, he took 7.3 shots per game shooting 44.8% from the field and 40% from three. Those eight games after the break showed that as the guard gets more shots, he can find his rhythm and become more efficient.
Another aspect of his game that took a big jump in his third season was his free throw percentage. After shooting 72.1% and 76.7% in his first two years, he shot 86.4% from the line this season.
The best attribute of the French point guard is that he is an elite defender who has shown on numerous occasions that he can lock up great players.
Two examples from the 2019-20 season were against Houston Rockets guard Russell Westbrook and Dallas Mavericks guard Luka Dončić. With 4.6 seconds remaining in a game between the Knicks and Rockets in early March, Russell Westbrook got the ball off the inbound. He attempted to drive past the Knicks guard, but to not avail. The Rockets superstar settled for a tough jumper and missed it giving the Knicks a statement win.
Similarly, on November 14th against the Mavericks, the game was tight towards the end of the fourth quarter. With less than five minutes to go, Ntilikina took the ball away from Dončić and forced a jump ball. In two seperate games, Ntilikina was able to shut down two All-Star guards in the closing moments of two important wins for the Knicks.
Should Ntilikina be starting for the Knicks during a playoff hunt? No, but he can be a very solid point guard off the bench. That will allow the guard to come off the bench and use most of his energy on stopping the elites guards of the NBA.
Ntilikina is already a great defender in this league, and he can become a much improved offensive weapon for the team moving forward. He is only 21 years old, and the Knicks should give him more minutes allowing him to fulfill his potential for the future of the team.
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text:
The JetBlue-Spirit Merger and the Risk to Job Security
The JetBlue and Spirit merger presents a significant risk to the job security of those workers who do not have contractual employment protections. Why?
"Asset divestitures can smooth the way to antitrust approval.We have a path to close this deal,"
-CEO Robin Hayes
The JetBlue-Spirit merger will have to receive approval from the federal government to be finalized. With airfares soaring and countless operational problems, it is expected that the Biden Administration will be VERY apprehensive to approve any airline merger. This is especially true for the JetBlue-Spirit merger, as the Biden Administration has already sued JetBlue and American, alleging the airlines' Northeast Alliance is a de facto merger that hurts competition in the New York and Boston markets. So what will JetBlue have to do to gain regulatory approval for its merger with Spirit?
Two words: Divest operations to address the issue of competition. So, for example, where JetBlue and Spirit both have significant operations—think FLL, MCO and other locations—to gain approval for the merger JetBlue will have to give up a portion of its flight schedule to other airline/s. That means JetBlue is bound to divest in many locations, which means a reduction of the current combined flights of Spirit and JetBlue. And that affects jobs.
And, if the merger is ultimately approved, a big if, it will not happen until the first half of 2024. A lot can happen in 15-18 months. There can be an economic slowdown, happening now as the GDP has decreased in the last two quarters, or a significant change in the leadership philosophy of the combined carrier.
JetBlue management's objective, as stated in its latest second-quarter earnings report, is to get the merger with Spirit approved and to implement a severe cost containment strategy with its newly announced "Enterprise Planning Team."
What does that mean for outsourcing and general job security? Future wage and benefit improvements? Work rule enhancements?
The only way that JetBlue GO Crewmembers will be able to have a say in their future is by having a seat at the table. Not by being on the menu.
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4 Things Most People Don't Know About MLK
4 Things Most People Don't Know About MLKIAM141.org January 16, 2023Today is the day Americans celebrate the life and legacy of Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. There are many aspects of his life that everyone knows, such as his prominent role in the Civil Rights...


members as disgraceful, dishonourable, or unprofessional.
and specialist qualification in general surgery in Ontario in 2009.
payment from the Ontario Health Insurance Plan ("OHIP").
claims or accepting payment from the Ontario Health Insurance Plan ("OHIP").
located within 950-2000km from Fort Frances Hospital.
at the same time that he was paid to be first General Surgeon on-call at the Fort Frances Hospital.
reflect conflicts when Dr. Abdurahman was in fact providing services elsewhere.
reflects  money  the  Group  owes  to  the Ministry  of  Health  and  Long-Term  Care as  a  result  of  Dr.
to work in Fort Frances and to which he was no longer entitled due to his breach of the Agreement.
March 17, 2017. To date, Dr. Abdurahman has repaid $6,000.00.
alternate course in ethics and professionalism approved by the College. Dr.
standard of practice or conduct.
and corresponding OHIP billings and an interview with Dr. Abdurahman. Dr.
implementing the terms of this Order.
thirty (30) days from the date this Order becomes final.
2017, the decision of the Discipline Committee remains in effect despite the appeal.