text:
Vrba–Wetzler report
(Redirected from Vrba-Wetzler report)
Account of Auschwitz killings
Sketch from the report: left, Auschwitz I showing the DAW, Siemens and Krupp factories; right, Auschwitz II showing four gas chambers and crematoria.
Composed in Žilina, Slovakia, 25 April 1944
Auschwitz Protocols, Auschwitz Report, Auschwitz notebook
Rudolf Vrba and Alfréd Wetzler
The report prompted an end to the mass deportation of Hungary's Jews to Auschwitz, saving around 200,000 lives.
"Full text of the report",
German Historical Institute.
The Vrba–Wetzler report is one of three documents that comprise what is known as the Auschwitz Protocols, otherwise known as the Auschwitz Report or the Auschwitz notebook. It is a 33-page eye-witness account of the Auschwitz concentration camp in German-occupied Poland during the Holocaust.
Rudolf Vrba and Alfréd Wetzler, two Slovak Jews who escaped from Auschwitz on 10 April 1944, wrote the report by hand or dictated it, in Slovak, between 25 and 27 April, in Žilina, Slovakia. Oscar Krasniansky of the Slovak Jewish Council typed up the report and simultaneously translated it into German.
The Allies had known since November 1942 that Jews were being killed en masse in Auschwitz.[1] The Vrba–Wetzler report was an early attempt to estimate the numbers and the most detailed description of the gas chambers to that point. The publication of parts of the report in June 1944 is credited with helping to persuade the Hungarian regent, Miklós Horthy, to halt the deportation of that country's Jews to Auschwitz, which had been proceeding at a rate of 12,000 a day since May 1944. The first full English translation of the report was published in November 1944 by the United States War Refugee Board.
1 Auschwitz Protocols
2.1 How it was written
2.2 Crematoria
3.2 Distribution
3.3 Deportations to Auschwitz continue
3.4 Report's arrival in Switzerland, press coverage
3.5 Deportations halted
7 Works cited
Auschwitz Protocols[edit]
Further information: Auschwitz Protocols
The Vrba–Wetzler report is sometimes referred to as the Auschwitz Protocols, although in fact the Protocols incorporated information from three reports, including Vrba–Wetzler. Under the title "German Extermination Camps—Auschwitz and Birkenau", the Auschwitz Protocols was first published in full in English on 25 November 1944 by the Executive Office of the United States War Refugee Board.[2] Miroslav Kárný writes it was published on the same day the last 13 prisoners, all women, were gassed or shot in crematorium II in Auschwitz-Birkenau.[3] The document combined the material from the Vrba–Wetzler report and two others, which were submitted together in evidence at the Nuremberg Trials as document no. 022-L, exhibit no. 294-USA.[4][5]
The Protocols included a seven-page report from Arnost Rosin and Czesław Mordowicz as chapter III to the Vrba–Wetzler report and an earlier report, known as the "Polish Major's report", written by Jerzy Tabeau. Tabeau escaped from Auschwitz on 19 November 1943 and compiled his report between December 1943 and January 1944.[6] This was presented in the Protocols as the 19-page "Transport (The Polish Major's Report)".[2] Rosin and Mordowicz escaped from Auschwitz on 27 May 1944, using the demotion they received after Vrba and Wetzler's escape a month earlier, and met up with those escapees in Slovakia to contribute to the Protocols.[7] The full text of the English translation of the Protocols is in the archives of the War Refugee Board at the Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum in New York.[8]
How it was written[edit]
Alfréd Wetzler
According to the report's first post-war Slovak edition, Oswiecim, hrobka štyroch miliónov ľudí ("Auschwitz, the tomb of four million"), published in Bratislava in 1946,[9] the report was first written in Slovak by Vrba and Wetzler, beginning on 25 April 1944, and simultaneously translated into German by Oscar Krasniansky of the Slovakian Jewish Council in Žilina. It was written and re-written several times. Wetzler wrote the first part, Vrba the third, and they wrote the second part together. They then worked on the whole thing together.[10] Wetzler confirmed this version of how the report was written in a letter to Miroslav Kárný, dated 14 April 1982.[10] Oscar Krasniansky, an engineer and stenographer, translated it from Slovak into German with the help of Gisela Steiner.[10] They produced a 40-page report in German, which was completed by Thursday, 27 April. Vrba wrote that the report was also translated into Hungarian.[11] The original Slovak version of the report was not preserved.[10] Historians studying the Holocaust today usually base their research on the German translation, which Allied forces also used when translating the report into English shortly after the end of the war.
The Vrba–Wetzler report contains a detailed description of the geography and management of the camps, and of how the prisoners lived and died. It lists the transports that had arrived at Auschwitz since 1942, their place of origin, and the numbers "selected" for work or the gas chambers.[12] Kárný writes that the report is an invaluable document because it provides details that were known only to prisoners, including, for example, that discharge forms were filled out for prisoners who had been gassed, indicating that death rates in the camp were actively falsified.[13]
Crematoria[edit]
A sketch from the report, showing the rough layout of the crematoria
The report contains sketches and information about the layout of the gas chambers, describing the large room where victims were made to undress before being pushed into the gas chambers, as well as the attached crematoriums. In a deposition for the trial of Adolf Eichmann in 1961, and in his book I Cannot Forgive (1964), Vrba said that he and Wetzler obtained the information about the gas chambers and crematoria from the Sonderkommando Filip Müller and his colleagues, who worked there. Müller confirmed Vrba's story in his Eyewitness Auschwitz (1979).[14] The report offered a description of the camp's four crematoria.[a]
Jean-Claude Pressac, a French specialist on the gas chambers, concluded in 1989 that, while the report was wrong on certain issues, it "has the merit of describing exactly the gassing process in type II/III Krematorien as from mid-March 1943. It made the mistake of generalizing internal and external descriptions and the operating method to Krematorien IV and V. Far from invalidating it, the discrepancies confirm its authenticity, as the descriptions are clearly based on what the witnesses could actually have seen and heard."[16] Auschwitz scholar Robert Jan van Pelt agreed, writing in 2002: "The description of the crematoria in the War Refugee Board report contains errors, but given the conditions under which information was obtained, the lack of architectural training of Vrba and Wetzlar [sic], and the situation in which the report was compiled, one would become suspicious if it did not contain errors. ... Given the circumstances, the composite 'crematorium' reconstructed by two escapees without any architectural training is as good as one could expect."[17]
Impact[edit]
Part of a series of articles on
Vrba-Wetzler report
Main railroad track into
Auschwitz II-Birkenau.
Alfred Wetzler taken to Auschwitz.
Kazimierz Piechowski escapes and passes information to the Polish Home Army.
Rudolf Vrba taken to Auschwitz.
Dionys Lenard escapes from Majdanek and is interviewed by the Bratislava Working Group.
Kazimirez Halori escapes and passes information to the Polish Socialist Party.
"Auschwitz–Camp of Death" published by Natalia Zarembina, another Polish escapee; published in English in 1943 (London).
Witold Pilecki escapes. Witold's report is filed away by the OSS.
Stanislaw Chybinski, a member of the Polish Home Army, escapes and compiles the report "Snapshots of Auschwitz".
Jerzy Tabeau and Roman Cieliczko escape. Their January 1944 report becomes known as the "Polish Major's report".
Germany invades Hungary.
The Washington Post and the New York Herald Tribune report the existence of gas chambers and crematoria at Auschwitz.
Siegfried Lederer escapes to warn Jews in Theresienstadt and the Red Cross about the mass murder inside Auschwitz.
7–11 April
Vrba and Wetzler escape.
22 / 23 April
Vrba and Wetzler arrive in Žilina, Slovakia.
Vrba and Wetzler meet Dr Oscar Neumann of the Bratislava Working Group.
German translation of the Vrba-Wetzler report completed.
The first trainload of Hungarian Jews leaves for Auschwitz.
c. 28 April
Rudolf Kastner of the Aid and Rescue Committee obtains the report and gives a copy of the report to Geza Soos, Hungarian Foreign Ministry official; Soos gives it to Joszef Elias; Elias's secretary translates it into Hungarian and prepares six copies for Hungarian officials.
Mass transports begin of Hungary's Jews to Auschwitz, at a rate of 12,000 a day.
Arnost Rosin and Czesław Mordowicz escape Auschwitz.
The New York Times describes the gas chambers and said that Jews were being executed.
Allied invasion of Normandy, France.
mid June
The Vrba-Wetzler report reaches the British and US governments.
The BBC World Service reports that 4,000 Jews from Theresienstadt were killed in gas chambers at Auschwitz during March 1944. Rosin and Mordowicz tell Krasniansky 100,000 Hungarian Jews were killed on arrival between 15 and 27 May, unaware of what was about to happen to them.
The New York World Telegram repeats the BBC's information. Allen Dulles, Swiss director of the US Office of Strategic Services, sends the Vrba-Wetzler report to the US State Department.
The Los Angeles Times repeats the BBC's information.
'The Washington Times Herald reports the same, courtesy of Reuters, while The New York Times offers further details. In Bratislava, Vrba discusses his report with Vatican legate Monsignor Mario Martilotti, who then sends a copy to the Vatican via Switzerland.
The New York Times reports that "new mass executions" recently took place in Auschwitz.
The Kastner train, carrying 1,684 Jews, leaves Hungary for Switzerland via Bergen-Belsen.
1–10 July
Several newspapers report that, between April 1942 and April 1944, 1.5 to 1.7 million Jews were killed at Auschwitz (from the Vrba-Wetzler report).
Hungarian regent Miklós Horthy orders a halt to the deportations.
Mass deportations end.
Rudolf Vrba
Alfred Wetzler
Witold Pilecki
Yehuda Bauer
Randolph L. Braham
John S. Conway
Raul Hilberg
Miroslav Karny
"Blood for goods"
Kurt Becher
Joel Brand
Malchiel Gruenwald
Rudolf Kastner
Kastner train
Chaim Michael Dov Weissmandl
Auschwitz concentration camp
History of the Jews in Hungary
Hungary during World War II
Genocide portal
The dates on which the report was distributed became a matter of importance within Holocaust historiography. Vrba alleged that lives were lost in Hungary because it was not distributed quickly enough by Jewish leaders, particularly Rudolf Kastner of the Budapest Aid and Rescue Committee.[18][b]
The Allies had been told on 12 November 1942 that Jews were being killed en masse in Auschwitz;[20] the New York Times published a report to that effect on 25 November 1942.[1] From March 1943, the Polish government-in-exile forwarded intelligence about what was happening inside the camp. But it remained an "inside story", according to historian Michael Fleming, unpublished or not published prominently, as a result of anti-Semitism and the British Foreign Office's refusal to confirm the reports as genuine.[21] A document named Aneks 58 from the Polish underground (which named its report Aneks) was received by Britain's Special Operations Executive in November 1942 and noted that, by the end of 1942, 468,000 Jews had been killed at Auschwitz.[22]
Fleming writes: "[N]ews of the true function of Auschwitz was effectively embargoed by British government policy."[23] By issuing advice to newspaper owners and editors, by refusing to confirm Polish intelligence, and by insisting that Jews were simply citizens of the country in which they lived like any other citizen, the British government "was able to choreograph news of the Holocaust".[24]
Oscar Krasniansky of the Jewish Council, who translated the report into German as Vrba and Wetzler were writing and dictating it, made conflicting statements about the report after the war, according to Israeli historian Yehuda Bauer. In his first statement he said he had handed the report to Rudolf Kastner on 26 April 1944 during the latter's visit to Bratislava, but Bauer writes that the report was not finished until 27 April. In another statement, Krasniansky said he had passed it to Kastner on 28 April in Bratislava, but Hansi Brand, Kastner's lover and the wife of Joel Brand, said that Kastner was not in Bratislava until August. It is clear from Kastner's post-war statements that he did have early access to the report, Bauer writes, but perhaps not in April.[25] According to Randolph L. Braham, Kastner had a copy by 3 May, when he paid a visit to Kolozsvár (Cluj), his home town.[26]
The Hungarian biologist George Klein saved his life by fleeing, rather than boarding a Holocaust train, after he read the Vrba–Wetzler report as a teenager.[27]
Kastner's reasons for not making the document public are unknown. Vrba believed until the end of his life that Kastner withheld it in order not to jeopardize negotiations between the Aid and Rescue Committee and Adolf Eichmann, the SS officer in charge of the transport of Jews out of Hungary. Shortly after Vrba arrived in Slovakia from Auschwitz in April 1944, Eichmann proposed—to Kastner, Joel Brand and Hansi Brand in Budapest—that the Nazis trade up to one million Hungarian Jews for 10,000 trucks and other goods from the Western Allies. The proposal came to nothing, but Kastner did obtain safe passage to Switzerland for 1,684 Jews on what became known as the Kastner train. Vrba believed that Kastner suppressed the Vrba–Wetzler report in order not to damage these negotiations.[28]
Kastner copied the German translation of the report to Géza Soós, a Hungarian Foreign Ministry official who ran a resistance group, writes Bauer. Soós gave it to József Éliás, head of the Good Shepherd Mission, and Éliás's secretary, Mária Székely, translated it into Hungarian and prepared six copies. These copies made their way to several Hungarian and church officials, including Miklós Horthy's daughter-in-law.[29] Braham writes that this distribution occurred before 15 May.[30] According to Bauer, Ernő Pető, a member of the Budapest Jewish Council, said he gave copies to Horthy's son; the papal nuntius Angelo Rotta; and the finance minister Lajos Reményi-Schneller.[29]
The Jewish Council in Budapest did hand the report out to individuals. The Hungarian biologist George Klein, as a teenager in Budapest, was working for the Jewish Council as a junior secretary at the time. One day in late May or early June, his boss, Dr. Zoltán Kohn, gave him a carbon copy of the report, and told him that he should tell only his closest family and friends about it. Klein told his uncle, a well-known physician, who "became so angry that he nearly hit me", and asked how he could believe such nonsense. It was the same with other relatives and friends. The older ones refused to believe it, while the younger ones believed it and wanted to act. When it came time for Klein to get on the train, he chose to run instead, and that saved his life.[27]
According to Gábor Havas, a member of the Hungarian resistance, Soos had also prepared English translations.[31] In December, Soos made a daring escape in a stolen German airplane to help the report reach Allied lines,[32] not knowing that it already happened. Curiously, OSS records of Soos's interrogation that have been made public do not mention the report.[33] According to Soos's wife, Raoul Wallenberg was also trying to transport a copy to the interim Hungarian government in Debrecen when he disappeared.[34]
According to the USHMM (United States Holocaust Museum) the US War Refugee Board released the report after an unusually long delay. "In November 1944, the WRB released a report written by escapees from the Auschwitz-Birkenau camp, alerting Americans to the details of Nazi mass murder using gas chambers."[35]
Deportations to Auschwitz continue[edit]
On 6 June 1944, the day of the Normandy landings, Arnošt Rosin and Czesław Mordowicz arrived in Slovakia, having escaped from Auschwitz on 27 May. Hearing about the Battle of Normandy and believing the war was over, they got drunk using dollars they had smuggled out of Auschwitz. As a result they were arrested for violating the currency laws, and spent time in jail before the Jewish Council paid their fines.[36] On 15 June, the men were interviewed by Oscar Krasniansky. They told him that, between 15 and 27 May, 100,000 Hungarian Jews had arrived at Birkenau, and that most were killed on arrival, apparently with no knowledge of what was about to happen to them. John Conway writes that Vrba and Wetzler concluded that their report had been suppressed.[37]
Report's arrival in Switzerland, press coverage[edit]
Braham writes that the report was taken to Switzerland by Florian Manoliu of the Romanian Legation in Bern, and given to George Mantello, a Jewish businessman from Transylvania who was working as the first secretary of the El Salvador consulate in Geneva. It was thanks to Mantello, according to Braham, that the report received, in the Swiss press, its first wide coverage.[38] According to David Kranzler, Mantello asked for the help of the Swiss-Hungarian Students' League to make around 50 mimeographed copies of the Vrba–Wetzler and other Auschwitz reports (the Auschwitz Protocols), which by 23 June he had distributed to the Swiss government and Jewish groups. The students went on to make thousands of other copies, which were passed to other students and MPs.[39]
As a result of the Swiss press coverage, details appeared in the New York Times on 4 June,[40] the BBC World Service on 15 June, and the New York Times again on 20 June, which carried a 22-line story that 7,000 Jews had been "dragged to gas chambers in the notorious German concentration camps at Birkenau and Oświęcim [Auschwitz]".[41]
On 19 June, Richard Lichtheim of the Jewish Agency in Geneva, who had received a copy of the report from Mantello,[42] wrote to the Jewish Agency in Jerusalem to say that they knew "what has happened and where it has happened", and reported the Vrba–Wetzler figure that 90 percent of Jews arriving at Birkenau were being killed.[43][c] Vrba and Oscar Krasniansky met Vatican Swiss legate Monsignor Mario Martilotti at the Svätý Jur monastery in Bratislava on 20 June. Martilotti had seen the report and questioned Vrba about it for six hours.[44] According to Bauer, Martilotti said he was travelling to Switzerland the next day.[45] On 25 June Pope Pius sent a public cable to Horthy, asking that he "do everything in ...[his] power to save as many unfortunate people from further pain and sorrow". Other world leaders followed suit.[46] Daniel Brigham, New York Times correspondent in Geneva, published a longer story on 3 July, "Inquiry Confirms Nazi Death Camps", and on 6 July a second, "Two Death Camps Places of Horror; German Establishments for Mass Killings of Jews Described by Swiss".[47][48]
Deportations halted[edit]
Auschwitz II-Birkenau in 2012
On 26 June, Richard Lichtheim of the Jewish Agency in Geneva sent a telegram to England calling on the Allies to hold members of the Hungarian government personally responsible for the killings. The cable was intercepted by the Hungarian government and shown to Prime Minister Döme Sztójay, who passed it to Horthy. Horthy ordered an end to the deportations on 7 July, and they stopped two days later.[49]
Hitler instructed the Nazi representative to Hungary, Edmund Veesenmayer, to relay an angry message to Horthy.[50] Horthy resisted Hitler's threats, and Budapest's 200,000–260,000 Jews were temporarily spared from deportation, until the pro-Nazi Arrow Cross Party seized power in Hungary in a coup on 15 October 1944. Henceforth, the deportations resumed, but by then, the diplomatic involvement of the Swedish, Swiss, Spanish, and Portuguese embassies in Budapest, as well as that of the papal nuncio, Angelo Rotta, saved tens of thousands until the arrival of the Red Army in Budapest in January 1945.[51][52] Swiss diplomat Carl Lutz rescued tens of thousands of Jews (according to Yad Vashem museum display on the order of 50,000) with help of Moshe Krausz (then Director of the Jewish Agency's Palestine Office in Budapest) and the Zionist Youth Underground.[53] Raoul Wallenberg and others in the Swedish delegation also saved tens of thousands of Jews (according to some 70,000 to 100,000). As can be expected there are varying estimates of the number of Jews rescued.
Karski's reports
Witold's Report
Raczyński's Note
^ Vrba-Wetzler report (two paragraph breaks have been inserted for ease of reading): "At present, there are four crematoria in operation at BIRKENAU, two large ones, I and II, and two smaller ones, III and IV. Those of type I and II consist of 3 parts, i. e.,: (A) the furnace room; (B) the large halls; and (C) the gas chamber. A huge chimney rises from the furnace room around which are grouped nine furnaces, each having four openings. Each opening can take three normal corpses at once and after an hour and a half the bodies are completely burned. This corresponds to a daily capacity of about 2,000 bodies. Next to this is a large "reception hall" which is arranged so as to give the impression of the antechamber of a bathing establishment. It holds 2,000 people and apparently there is a similar waiting room of the floor below. From there a door and a few steps lead down into the very long and narrow gas chamber. The walls of this chamber are also camouflaged with simulated entries to shower rooms in order to mislead the victims. This roof is fitted with three traps which can be hermetically closed from the outside. A track leads from the gas chamber to the furnace room.
"The gassing takes place as follows: The unfortunate victims are brought into hall (B), where they are told to undress. To complete the fiction that they are going to bathe, each person receives a towel and a small piece of soap issued by two men clad in white coats. They are then crowded into the gas chamber (C) in such numbers there is, of course, only standing room. To compress this crowd into the narrow space, shots are often fired to induce those already at the far end to huddle still closer together.
"When everybody is inside, the heavy doors are closed. Then there is a short pause, presumably to allow the room temperature to rise to a certain level, after which SS men with gas masks climb on the roof, open the traps, and shake down a preparation in powder form out of tin cans labeled 'CYKLON For use against vermin', which is manufactured by a Hamburg concern. It is presumed that this is a 'CYANIDE' mixture of some sort which turns into gas at a certain temperature. After three minutes everyone in the chamber is dead. No one is known to have survived this ordeal, although it was not uncommon to discover signs of life after the primitive measures employed in the Birch Wood. The chamber is then opened, aired, and the 'special squad' carts the bodies on flat trucks to the furnace rooms, where the burning takes place. Crematoria III and IV work on nearly the same principle, but their capacity is only half as large. Thus, the total capacity of the four cremating and gassing plants at BIRKENAU amounts to about 6,000 daily."[15]
^ Mike Thomson (BBC, 13 November 2012): "The BBC broadcast every day, giving updates on the war, general news, and opinion pieces on Hungarian politics. But among all these broadcasts, there were crucial things that were not being said, things that might have warned thousands of Hungarian Jews of the horrors to come in the event of a German occupation. A memo setting out policy for the BBC Hungarian Service in 1942 states: 'We shouldn't mention the Jews at all.' By 1943, the BBC Polish Service was broadcasting about the exterminations. And yet, his policy of silence on the Jews was followed right up until the German invasion in March 1944. After the tanks rolled in, the Hungarian Service did then broadcast warnings.[19]
^ Kranzler places the cable to Jerusalem on 26 June 1944, and writes that Lichtheim referred in the cable to 12,000 Jews being deported daily from Budapest.[42]
^ a b "Details Reaching Palestine", The New York Times, 25 November 1942, 10.
James MacDonald (25 November 1942). "Himmler Program Kills Polish Jews", The New York Times, 10. (full text)
^ a b Gilbert (1989), 305.
^ Kárný (1998), 564.
^ Conway (2002), Appendix I, 292–293, n. 3.
^ "Document index", Trial of the Major War Criminals"], Nuremberg: The International Military Tribunal, 1949, 122.
^ Szabó (2011), 90–91
^ Ha, Tu Thanh (2018-07-05). "Auschwitz escapee told the world about Nazi genocide". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved 2018-07-05.
^ Vanden Heuvel (2011), v.
^ Oswiecim, hrobka štyroch miliónov ľudí, Bratislava, 1946, cited in Kárný (1998), 564, n. 5.
^ a b c d Kárný (1998), 564, n. 5.
^ Vrba (2002), 402–403.
^ Karny (1998), 554; van Pelt (2011), 123.
^ Van Pelt (2002), 149.
^ Świebocki (1997), 218, 220, 224; also see "The Vrba-Wetzler Report", part 2.
^ Pressac (1989), 464,
^ van Pelt (2002), 151
^ For Vrba's allegations, see Braham (2000), 276, n. 50.
^ Mike Thompson (13 November 2012). "Could the BBC have done more to help Hungarian Jews?", BBC News.
Also see Kathryn Berman and Asaf Tal, "The Uneasy Closeness to Ourselves", interview with Götz Aly, German historian, Yad Vashem.
^ Fleming (2014b), 258.
^ Fleming (2014b), 258–260.
^ Fleming 2014(a).
^ Bauer (2002), 231.
^ Braham (2000), 95.
^ a b Klein (2011), 258–263.
^ Vrba (2002), 419–420
^ a b Bauer (1994), 157; Braham (2000), 95.
^ "Mint a Jézus Krisztus jó vitéze, part I." Fundamentum 93 Bt. Retrieved 20 May 2020.
^ Nyáry, Krisztián. "A nyilasok repülőjét is elrabolta a hős ellenálló". Retrieved 20 May 2020.
^ Koncz, Lajos. "Zsidómentés és nemzeti ellenállás". Beszélő. 9. SZÁM, ÉVFOLYAM 6, SZÁM 8.
^ "Mint a Jézus Krisztus jó vitéze, part II". Fundamentum 93 Bt. Retrieved 20 May 2020.
^ https://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10007411
^ Vrba (2002), 406.
^ Conway), John S. "The first report about Auschwitz". Archived from the original on 21 January 2013.
^ Braham (2000) 95, 214.
^ Kranzler (2000), 98–99.
^ "Senators appeal on Hungary's Jews; Foreign Relations Committee Pleads With People to Stop 'Cold-Blooded Murder'", The New York Times, 4 June 1944.
E. C. Daniel, "Pole Says Nazis Plan Slave Town: Reports 75,000-Acre Plot in Poland Even Contains Permanent Factories", The New York Times, 4 June 1944, 6.
^ van Pelt (2002), 153–154.
"Czechs Report Massacre; Claim the Nazis Killed 7,000 in Prison Gas Chambers", The New York Times, 20 June 1944, 5.
^ a b Kranzler (2000), 104.
^ Kárný (1998), 556–557
^ Phayer 2000, 107; Braham (2000), 95, 214; Bauer (2002), 230.
^ Daniel T. Brigham (6 July 1944). "Two Death Camps Places of Horror; German Establishments for Mass Killings of Jews Described by Swiss", The New York Times.
^ Rees (2006), 242–243.
^ Dwork and van Pelt (2002), 314.
^ Mordecai Paldiel (2007), Diplomat Heroes of the Holocaust, ISBN 0881259098
^ Dwork & van Pelt, 317–318.
^ http://eng.thepartisan.org/home/doc.aspx?mCatID=68457
Works cited[edit]
Bauer, Yehuda (1994). Jews for Sale? Nazi–Jewish Negotiations 1933–1945. New Haven: Yale University Press.
_________ (2002). Rethinking the Holocaust. Yale University Press.
Braham, Randolph L. (2000). The Politics of Genocide: The Holocaust in Hungary. Wayne State University Press; first published in 1981 in two volumes.
_________ (2011). "Hungary: The Controversial Chapter of the Holocaust", in Randolph L. Braham and William vanden Heuvel (ed.). The Auschwitz Reports and the Holocaust in Hungary. New York: Columbia University Press.
Conway, John (2002). "The Significance of the Vrba-Wetzler Report on Auschwitz-Birkenau", in Vrba, Rudolf. I escaped from Auschwitz. Barricade Books.
_________ (1997). "The First Report about Auschwitz", Museum of Tolerance, Simon Wiesenthal Center, Annual 1, Chapter 7.
Dwork, Debórah and Van Pelt, Robert Jan (2002). Holocaust: A History. W.W. Norton & Company.
Fleming, Michael. (2014a). "Allied Knowledge of Auschwitz: A (Further) Challenge to the 'Elusiveness' Narrative". Holocaust and Genocide Studies, 28 (1), 1 April, 31–57. doi:10.1093/hgs/dcu014
Fleming, Michael (2014b). Auschwitz, the Allies and Censorship of the Holocaust. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Gilbert, Martin (1989). "The Question of Bombing Auschwitz", in Michael Robert Marrus (ed.). The Nazi Holocaust: The End of the Holocaust. Part 9. Walter de Gruyter.
Hilberg, Raul (2003). The Destruction of the European Jews. Yale University Press; first published 1961.
Kárný, Miroslav (1998). "The Vrba and Wetzler report", in Berenbaum and Gutman, op. cit.
Klein, George (2011). "Confronting the Holocaust: An Eyewitness Account", in Braham and vanden Heuvel, op. cit.
Kranzler, David (2000). The Man Who Stopped the Trains to Auschwitz: George Mantello, El Salvador, and Switzerland's Finest Hour. Syracuse University Press.
Lévai, Jenö (1987). Eichmann in Hungary: Documents. Howard Fertig.
Phayer, Michael (2000). The Catholic Church and the Holocaust, 1930-1965, Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
Pressac, Jean-Claude (1989). Auschwitz: Technique and operation of the gas chambers. The Beate Klarsfeld Foundation.
Rees, Laurence (2006). Auschwitz: A New History. PublicAffairs.
Świebocki, Henryk (ed.) (1997). London has been informed. Reports by Auschwitz Escapees. Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum.
Szabó, Zoltán Tibori (2011). "The Auschwitz Reports: Who Got Them, and When?" in Randolph L. Braham and William vanden Heuvel. The Auschwitz Reports and the Holocaust in Hungary. Columbia University Press.
van Pelt, Robert Jan (2002). The Case for Auschwitz: Evidence from the Irving Trial. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
_________ (2011). "When the Veil was Rent in Twain", in Randolph L. Braham and William vanden Heuvel op. cit.
Vrba, Rudolf (2002). I Escaped from Auschwitz. Barricade Books, 2002. First published as I Cannot Forgive by Sidgwick and Jackson, Grove Press, 1963 (also published as Escape from Auschwitz).
"Vrba–Wetzler report", German Historical Institute.
Wetzler, Alfred (2007). Escape from Hell: The True Story of the Auschwitz Protocol. Berghahn Books.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vrba–Wetzler_report&oldid=1000363894"
Blood for goods
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Holocaust historical documents
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text:
'Putting on the Glitz' – Spring Ball
All, Events, PTFA / By CHS
Last Saturday was the 10th anniversary of one of Crompton House's main fundraisers, the Spring Ball which was held at The White Hart Inn in Lydgate. What an enjoyable night it was! The theme this year was 'Putting on the Glitz' and, as usual we were surrounded by wonderful guests, who swapped their every day attires for glamorous frocks and dinner jackets; each looking happy to be there to share some special moments with their friends and colleagues whilst knowing their presence was and would be making a difference to the pupils' learning experience at Crompton House School.
An event such as this is unique because it allows governors, staff and parents to interact socially at an event where the only agenda is fundraising, have fun and enjoy top quality cuisine. Whilst we are on the topic of cuisine, the White Hart yet again did not disappoint; after Mr Holt's very eloquent Grace, we tucked into an unctuous leek and potato soup, closely followed by an orange sorbet to cleanse our palate. The main course was a Pavé of Beef on a bed of Mashed Potato and Kale whilst the vegetarian option was a Spring Vegetables Risotto, which received an equal amount of praise. Dessert was sublime with a Chocolate Délice accompanied by White Chocolate ice cream…is there an adjective to describe that dessert? e-mail me!
As soon as everybody was served with a coffee and homemade Truffes au Chocolat, the Chair of Governors, Gordon Main started the speeches by asking everybody to be upstanding and toast Her Majesty the Queen; our Headteacher, Mr Newell took over with a very entertaining speech that included a quick game, which was won by Andrew Harrison on table 7. He took the opportunity to thank the special unit that is the extremely dedicated staff and Governors as well as the parents who support the school in so many ways, from taking part in PTFA projects like the Spring Ball and the 500 Club lottery to the Plant sale and the Christmas and Summer Fairs. Most importantly, he paid homage to the pupils, who are the reason why so many people come together to help the PTFA provide the resources that the school's budget could not otherwise afford.
Mr Upton, Chair of the PTFA and Senior Deputy Headteacher made the final speech to talk about the importance of the PTFA and what we have done for the school so far; he called out the two main organisers, Angela Russell and Sylviane Lawrence, who both received a beautiful bouquet of flowers. He also thanked Yvonne Campbell, Joanne Hayes and Deborah Kelly for their help and also presented them with a bouquet of flowers. The first game we played was to win a Michael Kors handbag, which went to Elisha Donallan on table 9. The second game was our £200 cash game; this year, Angela made 48 car registration cards based on the numbers 2,0,1,6 and the letters CHS in front or behind the numbers.
The winning car registration was 1062 CHS, which was won by Tracy Woodward on lucky table 13. We also hired John Harding, a very clever magician, who entertained the guests in the bar, during the meal and treated us to a 30-minutes' stand-up show, which was amazing. Our regular DJ Paul Melia took over for the rest of the night with all the dance favourites. Take a look at our photo gallery of the night, acknowledgements and prize winners on our PTFA Spring Ball page.
We managed to raise £3,365.48 and we would like to thank all our guests for choosing to spend the evening with us but also DPC for their £100 donation, the businesses and parents who donated items for the raffle, Elizabeth Jackson for creating our beautiful gold and black panels, Martin Ryan for transporting them to and from the White Hart, 'Art of Weddings and Events' for lending us the table runners, chandeliers and feathers and the parents, staff, friends and governors who purchased raffle tickets via the Finance office. None of this would have been possible without you.
I will leave you with my chosen pictures which, in my opinion represent the spirit of the evening; our very special ex-Chair of Governors Leon Ashton enjoying himself with his fellow governors, table 7 at the bar led by Andrew Harrison, Mrs Newell's gold dress, three ladies from table 12 whom you are more likely to see on the sidelines of a football/rugby pitch every week, dressed in their warm coats and wellies but who managed to scrub up very nicely indeed and finally our PTFA team sandwiched between the Chair and Vice-Chair.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Who said meetings have to be dull and boring?! Naming meeting rooms or giving them a theme is a growing trend, and although it may appear to be a pointless task, a name for a meeting room or space can communicate and achieve more than you think!
We put a lot of thought into naming our children and pets, because we want something to reflect their identity and reflects their personality. By giving a meeting room an identity and personality – it sets the scene for how people are expected to behave within the room (i.e. super creative, high achieving, thinking 'outside the box' etc.). By associating personality characteristics with a specific space, it can encourage collaboration, inspiration as well as representing the company's culture and brand.
Why not pick names that are relevant to your business, maybe the services you provide, departments, products… the list can be endless. It represents the company's culture, connecting the company's employees to the space as well as being a great talking point for visitors. For example Pinterest named their rooms after 'Things Pinterest Users Love' such as 'Hipster Babies', 'Beach Wedding' and 'Crock pots' – who would have thought it?
You can't fail if your meeting space is named after someone you idolise. If you call your meeting room Einstein, it could really set high expectations for the people working in the space. You could go for great inventors – Alan Turing, remarkable entrepreneurs – Sir Alan Sugar, even music legends – David Bowie.
Everyone loves a good TV Show and if the whole office is talking about it, why not assign the name of the show to a meeting room. What about the a classic like 'Friends'? You could also try using the characters names. I mean who wouldn't love to have a meeting in the Joey room?
Be proud of where you are from. Name your meeting rooms after local landmarks, popular street names or even popular hangouts … e.g. Northern Quarter in Manchester or Shoreditch if you are in London and for the midlands the Mailbox in Birmingham.
There are endless possibilities for meeting room names, however the end result is to have a unified theme that reflects the company's culture and is relatable for all colleagues or even a common sense of humour. You could even have people voting each month, for different names to get everyone involved!


The item Swimming in the dark, Paddy Richardson represents a specific, individual, material embodiment of a distinct intellectual or artistic creation found in City Libraries, City of Gold Coast.
In a small New Zealand town, four women find their lives inextricably linked by a secret that could bring about their undoing...or set them free. Serena Freeman, a once-promising high school student, has started to retreat from life and one night does not return home. Her sister, Lynnie Freeman, is carving out a successful career and is desperate to distance herself from her troubled past. But on hearing of Serena's disappearance, Lynnie is forced to return to the town of Alexandra to look for her. The only link to Serena's disappearance is Ilse Klein, a quietly dedicated English teacher who longs for her lost childhood in Germany and the sense of belonging it gave her. She lives with her mother, Gerda Klein, who is beset by a devastating depression each winter and plagued by memories of Stasi Germany. The Kleins learned long ago that there is safety in silence, can they break a lifelong habit?
In a small New Zealand town, four women find their lives linked by a secret that could bring about their undoing, or set them free. Serena Freeman, a once-promising high school student, has started to retreat from life and one night does not return home. Her sister, Lynnie Freeman, is carving out a successful career and is desperate to distance herself from her troubled past. But on hearing of Serena's disappearance, Lynnie returns to the town of Alexandra to look for her. The only link to Serena's disappearance is Ilse Klein, a quiet English teacher who longs for her lost childhood in Germany. She lives with her mother, Gerda Klein, beset by a devastating depression each winter and plagued by memories of Stasi Germany. The Kleins learned long ago that there is safety in silence, can they break a lifelong habit?


text:
import re
from base64 import b64encode, b64decode
from os import listdir, path

from tornado.web import RequestHandler

class BaseHandler(RequestHandler):
    def render(self, template, **kwargs):
        self.starred_notes = self.get_starred()
        kwargs.update(starred_notes=self.starred_notes)

        notebook_name = kwargs.get('notebook_name', None)
        if notebook_name is not None:
            kwargs['notes'] = self._notes_list(notebook_name)
        else:
            kwargs['notebook_name'] = ''
            kwargs['notes'] = []

        kwargs['notebooks'] = self._notebooks_list(kwargs.get('hide_notebooks',
                                                              False))
        super(BaseHandler, self).render(template, **kwargs)

    def _notebooks_list(self, hide_notebooks=False):
        if self.settings.repo is None or not path.isdir(self.settings.repo) or \
        hide_notebooks:
            return []

        return sorted([self.decode_name(nb) for nb in \
                       listdir(self.settings.repo) if nb != ''])

    def _notes_list(self, notebook_name):
        notes_path = path.join(self.settings.repo,
                               self.encode_name(notebook_name))

        all_notes = [n for n in listdir(notes_path) if not \
                     n.startswith('.')]
        starred = []
        unstarred = []

        while all_notes:
            note = self.decode_name(all_notes.pop())
            if u'%s/%s' % (notebook_name, note) in self.starred_notes:
                starred.append(note)
            else:
                unstarred.append(note)

        return sorted(starred) + sorted(unstarred)

    def highlight(self, text, highlight):
        return text.replace(highlight.encode('utf8'),
                            "%s" % \
                            highlight.encode('utf8'))

    def get_current_user(self):
        if self.settings.username is None and self.settings.pwdhash is None \
        or self.settings.username == '' and self.settings.pwdhash == '':
            return True

        return self.get_cookie('session', '') == self.settings.session

    def encode_name(self, name):
        return re.sub(r'[:\|\\\/\?\*"]', lambda m: self._xmlescape(m), name.replace('+', ' '))

    def _xmlescape(self, value):
        return '&#' + str(ord(value.group())) + ';'

    def _xmlunescape(self, value):
        return chr(int(value.group(1)))

    def decode_name(self, name):
        return re.sub(r'&#(\d+);', lambda m: self._xmlunescape(m), name)

    def get_starred(self):
        starred_list = self.get_cookie('starred_notes')
        if starred_list is None:
            return []
        return b64decode(starred_list).decode('utf8').split(',')

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Palmarès

Altre competizioni internazionali
2010
  in Coppa continentale ( Spalato), salto in alto - 2,28 m

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Nice results! That's as fast as my 48v EZ-Go!
One comment: The wires from the charge receptacle to the main pack terminals look small to me. I'm thinking a heavier gauge is called for considering the charger can deliver 20 amps at initial startup.
I put 10 ga on there even though my charger leads are 12 ga. I did put a 20amp fuse online, but I will definitely keep an eye on it.
I originally thought bigger like 4ga but the terminals on the back of the female plug were not very big. I actually had to break off some of the plastic just so I could get my connectors on there.
If it starts popping the fuse, it will be an easy mod.
The 10g was installed AFTER the pix were taken? Sure doesn't look like 10g in the pix. If so, my bad, carry on!
Yep, just double checked, it was 12. I will leave it and monitor the fuse. Since the wire in the charger lead is 12, I will leave it for now.
Just order alum wheels and tires on eBay for $370. Looks like a decent set with good tires 22x11x10. So I went ahead and bought a 4" super sport lift and heavy duty springs for rear. Bought a new steering wheel also. Should be done with purchases. Can't wait to finish it up.
Dang dude, Im jealous and inspired at the same time. You stole that cart for 50 though...WOW. Nice job, it looks really nice and I bet that is something to feel kickin in. SWEET.
Thanks brush pup. I'll post some pics next week when done with lift. Can't wait til all the parts arrive.
You're gonna love it lifted, it just makes them look so much more badass. Just curious why you decided on 4' VS 6" lift? It will still be cool no doubt though. I talked with Scotty about my upgrade, so now I just have to leak the funds out slowly to stay out of trouble. I hope to have mine done by the end of March.
I wanted to ask you...how hard or easy was it to get the throttle/pot replacement all set up? Looks like you did a really really nice job. I have good batts and I'm trying to find a couple of good used 6v so I can go 48 right away, then go to 6 8V when these wear out. I just cant get away with all new stuff and new batts right now.
There is no need to go higher than 4" for a 22" tire on this cart. 6" lift will clear 23s but, there is a significant loss of power and stability as you go up. Some lift kits increase width and height. These are best. Add some wheel spacers in the back and you have the most stable lift possible. At 4" you don't have to worry too much about adding width. IMHO.
That's nice to hear Scotty. I just went to the local Cart shop, and looked at all the lifts and tires. I decided a 22" tire was right for me. So I backed into the 4" lift. I also looked at all the lifts there on carts, and I decided on the All Sport.
Added new steering wheel last night. Lift and tires have arrived. Waiting on heavy duty rear springs. Should be done come Sunday!


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text:
An early episode in the history of electrotherapy in Japan
February 24, 2015 February 25, 2015 / ameliadoml	/ 1 Comment
A recent visit to the Museum of the History of Science in Oxford saw me lingering a little more than usual in front of the electricity and galvanism section. I confess that until I began doing research for a doctoral dissertation on the history of telegraphy I didn't care much about things electric. This is ironic, really, considering the fact that my father is an electrician. For as long as I can remember, he tried to initiate me into the mysteries of electric wires, conductors, insulators, static electricity and the like. It occurred to me that when I was really young he probably did it in a desperate attempt to keep me away from the sockets in the house, a source of constant fascination for my restless fingers. Later on, he tried to enlist my attention with the familiar refrain that, 'You will need it one day'. I doubted it at the time, but life works in mysterious ways: as it turns out, my father was right.
Galvanism and electricity are familiar keywords for historians of science in eighteenth and nineteenth-century Britain. The amount of interest in the topic is impressive, as illustrated by numerous scientific and popular publications. There was not much electricity could not cure. A 1826 publication by M. La Beaume, 'Medical Galvanist, Surgeon-Electrician, Consulting Ditto to the London Electrical Dispensary, Gratuitous Electrician to the Bloomsbury and Northern Dispensary, etc.' advertises the author's 'new galvanic batteries' and provides a concise survey of the medical applications of galvanism. We learn that galvanism affords relief from a great variety of ailments, among which are disorders of the digestive organs, of the head and the nervous system, 'cachectic diseases', diseases of the skin, gout, rheumatism, blindness, deafness as well as diseases 'peculiar' to one of the sexes. Of particular interest is the fact that La Beaume promotes galvanism as a safer and more beneficial substitute for mercury-based treatments. As he puts it, 'Galvanism, skilfully administered, seldom requires the aid of any secondary agent to supply its deficiency, and never to remove injurious effects; it is not at variance with any constitutional temperament, nor can it superinduce any disease: in its application it is perfectly safe, pleasant, direct, and often instantaneously effective; it gives the patient no personal inconvenience whatever; and may be exhibited at all times to both males and females, of all ages and at all seasons of the year' (p. 199).
But Europe is not the only place where electrotherapy attracted a considerable degree of attention from both scientists and the general public. A similar example comes from Japan, where the first references to electrical devices and their efficacy in the treatment of various diseases date from the Edo period, in the eighteenth century. Unsurprisingly, early Japanese encounters with electricity were mediated by Dutch electrical devices and texts, the only European country which was allowed to trade with Japan at the time. The first electrical device reached Japan via a merchant ship which sailed into Nagasaki in 1753, and took the form of a gift for the Tokugawa shogun. The earliest description of an electrical appliance, known in Japanese as erekiteru, can be found in the 1765 work of Gotō Rishun, Oranda banashi or Stories of Holland, which also contains references to its use in the treatment of diseases.
Illustration of an erekiteru
But it was Hiraga Gennai (1728-1779), a rōnin or masterless samurai born in the present-day Kagawa Prefecture on the island of Shikoku, who became famous for constructing the first electrotherapeutic device in Japan. Hiraga, a student of rangaku or 'Dutch learning', read Oranda banashi and, like many of his contemporaries, became fascinated with the 'curious' electrical appliances created in Europe. In 1776, after several years of trial and failure, he succeeded in repairing a discarded Dutch electrical apparatus which he had acquired during a visit to the port-city of Nagasaki. In rather familiar fashion, if we consider the similar trajectory of such devices in Europe and even in India, Hiraga's success was followed by public demonstrations of his apparatus; he also offered treatment to select clients and built other devices which were either sold or presented as gifts. Hiraga passed away in unfortunate circumstances only three years after constructing his electrostatic generator, but there are references to this device in his work Hōhiron Kōhen [On farting, Part 2], a biting satire of Confucian learning and high culture. Published in 1777, the work describes the erekiteru as a device which helps to 'remove the heat (hi, lit. fire) from the body and cures diseases'.
Portrait of Hiraga Gennai (Keio University Library, Mita Media Center)
Incidentally, Hiraga's wide-ranging interests did not stop at Western science and technology. He was also a prolific writer and painter, as the above reference to his satirical work suggests. In addition, he had an impressive knowledge of medical plants, having engaged in the study of materia medica under the renowned hōnzogaku scholar Tamura Gen'yū. His contribution to the study of natural history is demonstrated by the publication, in 1763, of a six-volume work entitled Butsurui hinshitsu [On the Distinction of Species]. Among his other activities were the construction of a thermometer, his surveys of mining and experiments with new mining techniques but also his attempts to find domestic sources for pottery and wool which would ameliorate Japan's reliance on imported commodities. In 2003, the Edo Tokyo Museum organized a special exhibition to celebrate Hiraga's multi-faceted life as an engineer, naturalist, men of letters and artist. A replica of his erekiteru is currently on display at the National Museum of Nature and Science in Tokyo.
Replica of Hiraga's erekiteru at the National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo (Wikimedia Commons)
Akiko Ito, "How Electricity Energizes the Body: Electrotherapeutics and Its Analogy of Life in the Japanese Medical Context", in Feza Günergun and Dhruv Raina (eds.), Science between Europe and Asia: Historical Studies on the Transmission, Adoption and Adaptation of Knowledge (Dordrecht: Springer, 2011), pp. 245-58.
Lissa Roberts, "Orienting Natural Knowledge: The Complex Career of Hiraga Gennai", Endeavour, 33 (2009), pp. 65-69.
Masahiro Maejima, Meiji jidai no denkichiryō ni kansuru kisoteki kenkyū [Basic Study on the Faradization Apparatuses in Meiji Era], Bulletin of the National Science Museum Tokyo, 28 (2005), pp. 13-20.
Ayao Kuwaki, Kagakushikō [Essays on the History of Science] (Kawade Shobō, 1944).
Has the Piano Been Drinking?
February 5, 2015 February 6, 2015 / dickson85	/ Leave a comment
There's an old joke. A man clearing out his attic comes across an oil painting and a dusty violin. He takes them to an antiques dealer who tells him he has good news and bad news. The good news is that the man has found a Stradivarius and a Rembrandt. The bad news? Stradivarius never really made it as a painter. Jokes aside, it is quite remarkable the number of great artistic minds who actually did have a semi-successful secondary outlet: Dickens was a passionate amateur actor, Michelangelo wrote sonnets when he wasn't painting ceilings. Hector Berlioz, too, if you will excuse the pun, had a second string to his bow, publishing in 1852 a collection of short stories, anecdotes, romances, squibs, critiques, and discussions under the title Evenings with the Orchestra, a musicians' version of The Decameron in which the players in a sub-par ensemble swap tales to dispel their boredom with the awful opera performances they are accompanying. Their range is quite broad, and among the most curious is one of the stories told on the eighteenth evening, the tale of the mad piano.
Hector Berlioz, 1803-1869
The story goes that a competition was mounted at a conservatory between piano students, 31 in all. The piece chosen for the audition was Mendelssohn's Concerto in G minor, to be played upon a superb new piano, loaned for the occasion by one M. Érard. The keyboard action was a little stiff, he thought, but he was confident that 31 students pounding out the concerto would liven it up. He was, as it turned out, quite correct.
As the students each come forward to perform the concerto, the action of the piano gradually becomes less stiff, until the later entrants begin to complain that the action is in fact too soft. By the 26th performer, everyone maintained that the keyboard barely needed to be touched to make it sound, and as the 29th rendition is about to commence, the keys are seen to begin going down all by themselves. After number 30 boldly plays the concerto and leaves his seat, the piano begins the concerto all over again by itself, then continues to play louder and louder, turning out scales, trills, and arpeggios.
Érard is summoned to see if he can control the instrument, which he cannot, remarking that it is out of its mind. The only apparent solution is to remove the keyboard, which nonetheless continues to move up and down, at which point Érard is overcome with fury and chops it up with an axe. This only makes matters worse; each piece dances, jumps, and frisks about separately on the ground until they are finally gathered up and flung into the fire.
The story itself is, speaking structurally, a fairly typical piece of nineteenth century fabulism, but what is interesting is the stress Berlioz places upon the events being the logical issue of the treatment of the instrument. At one point, the piano is sprinkled with holy water to no avail, proof, Berlioz contends, that there are no supernatural forces at work, only the 'natural result'. 'After all,' he asks, 'how can a piano hear a concerto thirty times in the same hall on the same day without contracting the habit of it?'
The anxieties being rehearsed in the 'Eighteenth Evening', I think, may have their analogue in the digital age. Berlioz long predates the advent of even our being able to conceptualise artificial intelligence, but he does ascribe the capacity for sensitivity to a mechanical device. He chooses not a cold inhuman mill or some dizzying complex clockwork, but rather a musical instrument, a device designed to amplify the nuances of human touch, from whence it is a shorter step to imagine that the tasks to which it is subjected might cause it to learn, to acquire independence, and finally to exercise its own will. Without suggesting this obscure little tale to be anything like an influence, can we not see the same plot unfold throughout contemporary science fiction? It is the premise of the Terminator series, of Battlestar Galactica. But what is it about the prospect of animate machines that we find so uncanny? If we return to Berlioz for a moment, one possibility presents itself. Berlioz was of course a performance-trained musician. Many, if not most, of his waking hours must have been consumed at various points in his life by the same mechanical repetition against which the piano revolts – the endless drilling of scales, the agonising process of perfecting arpeggios. I wonder whether one might argue that what we fear is not so much the birth of a mechanical intelligence in the modern world, but the mechanised modernity that slowly brings about the death of our own.
Melissa Dickson


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Netflix to adapt Marquezs One Hundred Years of Solitude – Los Angeles, March 7 : Streaming giant Netflix has bought the rights to create the first ever screen adaptation of Colombian author.
Netflix has acquired the rights to Gabriel Garca Mrquez's masterpiece "One Hundred Years of Solitude" and will adapt it into a series.
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Netflix to adapt One Hundred Years of Solitude by Gabriel García Márquez – Photograph: Miguel Tovar/AP Netflix has acquired the rights to Gabriel García Márquez's seminal One Hundred Years of Solitude to create the first screen adaptation of the author's 1967 masterpiece. Th.
Netflix has commissioned a series on Gabriel Garcia's Marquez's acclaimed novel One Hundred Years of Solitude. was reluctant to sell the film rights to Cien Años de Soledad because.
Netflix has announced they are producing an adaptation of Gabriel Garcia Marquez's bestselling novel One Hundred Years of Solitude.. First published in 1967, the Spanish-language book is often.
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Netflix has acquired the rights to Gabriel Garca Mrquez's seminal One Hundred Years of Solitude to create the first screen adaptation of the author's 1967 masterpiece.


Washington, D.C.— The Trump administration will miss today's court deadline to reunite the nearly 3,000 children separated from their parents under the administration's "zero tolerance" policy. The government's failure to meet the deadline leaves hundreds of children separated from their parents, including 463 parents who have already been deported.
Aaron Reichlin-Melnick, an attorney at the American Immigration Council, led a team that interviewed over 90 parents detained in the El Paso, Texas area and learned firsthand how many felt pressured into relinquishing their rights or were unaware that they had done so. His account is captured in a declaration filed in the ongoing family separation litigation brought by the American Civil Liberties Union.
The following is a statement from Beth Werlin, Executive Director of the American Immigration Council.
"The government's failure to comply with the court order to reunify the thousands of separated children and parents confirms the administration's utter disregard for the humane and fair treatment of families coming to our country in search of protection. We have grave concerns about the large number of parents who have been coerced into signing papers ensuring their deportation. Many signed these papers without knowing what their options were and without first consulting an immigration attorney.
Wendy Feliz at the American Immigration Council, wfeliz@immcouncil.org or 202-507-7524.


Are You Considering A Franchise?
There are many ways to go about starting a business. You can buy a small business or start your own. Starting from scratch and building a business from the ground up has a certain romanticized allure. Alternatively, franchising an established and tested operation is a much safer, more predictable, and for many, a more appealing option.
A franchise is an opportunity presented by an existing business (the "franchisor") that affords a franchisee the ability to operate a model of the franchisor's existing business. The underlying franchise relationship is based on a license agreement known as a "Franchise Agreement" that exists between the franchisor and franchisee.
Typically, the franchisee must pay an up-front fee in exchange for the ability to use the franchisor's proprietary systems, brand name, trademarks, and marketing materials. While most franchises share a common look and feel from a consumer's perspective, the franchisor and franchisees operate as independent businesses, and the franchise relationships can vary greatly from one franchise to the next.
The most straightforward franchise relationship is the "direct-unit" or "single-unit" franchise. As suggested by the name, a direct-unit franchise gives a franchisee the right to operate a single franchised business at a single location. Under this model, franchise system growth could be hindered by the need for a new franchise agreement for each individual franchise location. As a result, the alternative "multi-unit" development is often preferred by franchisors and is commonly used to expedite franchise system growth.
Many franchisees initially prefer to enter into direct-unit franchises. Opening and managing multiple franchise locations from the beginning comes with distinct challenges that can lead to complications. Direct-units tend to require more modest investments, which is less of a risk for the franchisee.
Direct-Units have startup costs and overhead are lower than that of a multi-unit franchise. Direct-unit franchisees can expect to see profit sooner than multi-unit franchisees (keeping in mind that their profit is also limited by what can be achieved by their single location).
Multi-unit franchise relationships grant developers the right and obligation to create and operate a set number of franchise locations subject to time and geographic restrictions. Because multi-unit agreements result in a single franchisee operating multiple locations, the franchisor can spend less time and money trying to find multiple franchisees to achieve the same amount of expansion. As a result, franchisors often incentivize multi-unit franchises by passing along some of these savings to multi-unit developers in the form of reduced franchise fees.
Franchisors and franchisees may both enjoy the benefits of a multi-unit franchise relationship. Despite a greater initial investment, greater financial risk, and more responsibility on the part of the franchisee, multi-unit franchises can be much more lucrative in the long run. Having multiple franchise locations means having multiple revenue streams, reduced franchise fees, and the ability to share resources across multiple franchise locations meaning lowered costs and the potential for greater profit margins.
Franchisors also appreciate these advantages, while also being able to spread their franchise geographically for a greater market share and improved brand presence among consumers. Both franchisors and franchisees must be aware that placing too many locations in the hands franchisee could lead to franchise mediocrity if each franchise location is not properly managed and cared for. As a result, it is important to consider a franchisee's ability to run multiple franchise locations, as well as the standards to which each location should be held.
Differing only slightly from multi-unit franchise relationships, "master franchise" relationships not only require a franchisee to own and operate multiple locations, but they also give franchisees the right and obligation to offer and sell franchises to other potential franchisees. When a master franchise agreement is signed, the master franchisee typically pays a franchise fee to the franchisor. However, because the master franchisee becomes the franchisor in their market area, they also collect a unit franchisee fee from each franchisee they recruit, and they enjoy the benefit of splitting this franchise fee with the original franchisor.
Master franchising relationships create more opportunities for a franchisee's financial gain. These relationships also require franchisees to take on greater responsibilities by developing and supporting new franchisees within their territory. These additional responsibilities are often better suited for hands-on, managerial-minded franchisees interested in greater involvement with their franchise locations.
From a franchisor's point-of-view, master franchising relationships require less infusion of cash and often result in rapid franchise expansion. This benefit must outweigh a franchisor's desire to retain franchise control and to give up a small portion of profits with a franchisee.
Somewhere between a multi-unit franchise and a master franchise is an "area representative". In an area representative relationship, a franchisee owns and operates multiple franchise locations, however, instead of acting as franchisor in a particular market area, the area representative franchisee acts as a franchise salesperson and field support within the area.
The area representative then shares in the franchise fees and royalties paid to the franchisor as a result of the area representatives efforts as middle-man. Franchisors often enjoy the alignment of incentives between franchisor and franchisee in an area representative relationship. Individuals with good sales skills tend to excel as area representatives, and can be very valuable for franchise growth and expansion.
The way you choose to structure your franchise relationship will depend on the goals and capabilities of the franchise, the franchisor, and the franchisee. Each franchise relationship structure comes with its own advantages and drawbacks, and it is critical to determine the right combination for everyone involved.
The amount of risk and earning potential, the roles and responsibilities of each party, and the alignment of these considerations with the ambitions of each individual all play a role in which type of relationship is best suited for the situation. Ultimately, careful consideration and strategic compromise can lead to a long, fruitful business relationship for both the franchisor and the franchisee.
Are You Ready To Start Your Franchise, Today?


If you have, or are considering getting, a classroom rabbit, the House Rabbit Resource Network asks that you take some time to consider: the nature of rabbits, their needs, and what you want your students to learn from rabbits living in the school environment.
The House Rabbit Resource Network does not place rescued rabbits as classroom pets.
We feel that few classroom environments can meet the many needs of rabbits as a home environment could. If you are considering a classroom rabbit, we hope we can convince you that it might not be a good idea. If you already have a classroom rabbit, we would like to help you improve the life of your classroom rabbit or one you know. All it takes are commitment to the rabbit's well-being and accurate information about his or her needs.
Rabbits are intelligent and have a highly developed social order. If their personalities are not stunted by boredom or abuse, they commonly display affection, anger, jealousy, delight, annoyance, fear, submissiveness, grief, dominance, guile, contentment, mischievousness, curiosity, sadness, and joy. Even when neutered and spayed, pairs will affectionately snuggle and groom each other, and engage in sexual activity. They commonly enjoy playing with toys, especially those that can be chewed, tossed, pushed, or hidden under.
A few weeks of "oohs" and "aahs" – but at what cost? Breeding a classroom rabbit so that children can experience the birth and development of the young is a common practice. However, rabbit births are rarely witnessed because they occur quickly, and usually at night.
More importantly, classroom breeding too often results in bunnies who suffer and die from improper care. Some highly stressed rabbit mothers or fathers will cannibalize the young. Witnessing such an event can be traumatic to young children. If the bunnies survive to maturity, they often become marginalized pets in backyard hutches. Others are killed outright, abandoned outdoors, or taken to a municipal shelter, where they stand a good chance of euthanasia, even if they are healthy and friendly.
We believe that interest in animal life and humane behavior toward animals can be better reinforced by quality interaction with a healthy, happy rabbit or other pet.
Rabbits can be litter trained. However, the methods are different than that used with cats and dogs. Swatting, or rubbing a rabbit's nose in the "accident," only frightens and confuses her. Some rabbits seem to take to the litter box naturally, while others require your patience and time to learn. HRS can provide tips on encouraging the litter box habit.
Spaying and neutering do more than prevent baby bunnies. Spaying and neutering by a veterinarian experienced in rabbit care improves health, personality, litter box habits, and the ability to get along with other rabbits. Usually, feces and urine odors are greatly reduced by the reduction in hormone production, and the instinct to spray urine is eliminated. Overall, adult rabbits tend to be more easily trainable, calmer, less prone to chewing and digging, and more people-oriented than young rabbits.
Rabbits are often seen as a low-maintenance pet or teaching tool. Sadly, many people's perception of what rabbits are like is based on erroneous assumptions and experience with neglected classroom or backyard pets.
It's common to see rabbits sitting all day (and night) in small classroom cages. True, unlike many species, rabbits can endure such a life quietly for a surprisingly long time. But rabbits need exercise and stimulation to maintain health, good spirits, and normal behavior. A constantly caged rabbit becomes withdrawn and aggressive, resulting in symptoms such as lethargy, unresponsiveness, obesity, or neurotic behaviors.
Within a few years, most rabbits confined in such a setting become ill and die. That's not a normal life span. With proper care, domestic rabbits can live 8-12 years or longer.
If no one makes a significant investment of time, attention, and care of a classroom rabbit, the result is a withdrawn animal who does not have much to give back to the students. Regardless of what teachers or parents believe about the care of a classroom animal, what do such practices show students about the value of living beings?
Shelters are overflowing because of the common perception of animals as objects to be passed around, cared for only when it's convenient for people to do so, then abandoned when they become too much of a bother.
Animals have individual personalities and preferences.
Animal languages are different from one another.
Each animal species requires different behaviors on the part of humans who want to befriend them. What a dog may regard as a playful overture may be regarded very differently by a rabbit.
Responsible pet ownership means meeting the animal's needs, even when it's inconvenient. Cleaning, training, and "bunny-proofing" are time consuming, but they are part of the commitment a pet owner should make.
1.Are you committed to caring for a rabbit as your pet for 8-12 years?
2.Are you fully committed to giving the rabbit consistent, on-schedule, care? Because of the way rabbit digestion works, food, hay, and water must be available at all times. Cages and litterboxes should be cleaned daily of soiled matter and must be thoroughly scrubbed weekly.
3.How will you ensure that the rabbit receives proper care when you are not around? Rabbits need consistent care, including on weekends and during vacations. Sending a classroom rabbit home with a student or a succession of students can result in severe stress to the animal. Improper care is likely, even in the most well-intentioned families. Being left at school has its risks. Many teachers have returned to school on Monday only to find a dead animal in the cage that housed an apparently healthy one on Friday.
4.Are you willing to monitor your rabbit closely for illness? Rabbits need the care of someone who can quickly recognize small changes in behavior, eating, and droppings. These are the first symptoms of illness, which can progress quickly in these small creatures.
5.If your rabbit is sick, can you afford to have him treated? It can be difficult to find veterinarians who are knowledgeable about treating rabbits. If you make a vet visit and medication or other care is prescribed, are you prepared to give it?
6.Do you have space for a 2-foot by 3-foot cage, both at school and at home? Who will foot the bill for a humanely sized cage?
7.What would happen if the air conditioning or heat at your school is turned off outside of school hours, or if pesticides are sprayed? Rabbits, because of their thick coats, begin to show distress at temperatures above 85° F. Rabbits are so sensitive to pesticides that even common flea preparations are likely to cause serious illness.
8.Are your students mature enough to understand the lessons you want them to learn from the rabbit and are they capable of treating the rabbit appropriately? Children under 7 are usually not mature enough to safely interact with a rabbit except under close, constant, supervision.
9.Do you have the time to teach students proper behavior and to monitor their interaction with the rabbit? Adults must be committed to teaching and enforcing rules that protect both the child and the rabbit from physical and emotional trauma.
10.What will you do if a child is injured by the rabbit or vice versa? Young children love to pick up and cuddle animals. However, most rabbits feel safe only with four feet on the floor or other stable surface. Spinal injuries and dislocated or broken legs are common when rabbits struggle or fall when small children try to hold them. Children can also be badly scratched or painfully bitten by a frightened rabbit as she tries to escape.
11.Are you willing to "bunny-proof" your classroom so you can allow the rabbit the out-of-cage time necessary for his well-being? Rabbits like to chew and dig, but their destructiveness can be managed by managing their environment, training, and other methods. Rabbits should get at least three hours of exercise daily.
12.Is your classroom comfortable for a naturally timid animal? Stresses present in classrooms include noise, over-handling, improper foods and diet variations, disruption of routine, temperature changes, and loneliness.
13.Does your principal approve of uncaged pets? If not, are you willing to take the rabbit home?
14.Will you be prepared to take the rabbit home and keep her there if a student is allergic to her?
This pamphlet was originally prepared by Carolyn Mixon and Gina Scherffius of the House Rabbit Resource Network.


Jonathan Bingham of Livonia told police he set a Ford Explorer on fire because it was too loud.
The Livonia man who admitted setting fire to a Ford Explorer parked on Cardwell Street one night in May, ostensibly because it was too loud, will spend several more weeks in jail.
Jonathan R. Bingham, 26, was sentenced Thursday to four months in jail, plus two years' probation and participation in a treatment program, after pleading guilty two weeks earlier to fourth-degree arson.
Judge Thomas Hathaway sentenced Bingham in Wayne County Circuit Court and assessed $6,068 in fines and costs, including more than $4,000 in restitution. Jailed since his arrest, Bingham was given credit for 30 days already served.
Bingham was "very remorseful" in a statement to the court and accepted the consequences of his actions, his attorney said.
The fire, which destroyed a 1998 Explorer, occurred early May 29 on Cardwell north of Plymouth Road. No one was hurt and Livonia firefighters extinguished the blaze.
A witness to the arson confronted a man who ran from the scene, a police report said. Police tracked down Bingham a few blocks away in Redford Township, after he called to report the theft of his bicycle, the report said.
Bingham fit the description of the arsonist, police said, and eventually confessed to the crime. A bicycle had been left at the fire scene.
In remarks to the court June 28, "Mr. Bingham was very remorseful," said defense attorney Olga Yermalenka.
He said he had been under the influence of alcohol but "didn't make it an excuse," she said. "He never behaved this way before. He was very remorseful," she added.
Bingham will undergo a treatment program designed for him that could involve counseling for alcohol abuse. Success in the program could mean an early release, Yermalenka said, but the initial phase must be completed in jail and there is typically a wait to get into the program.
Bingham told police upon his arrest that he had set fire to the Explorer because because it was "way too loud" and disturbed his sleep. Bingham, however, doesn't live in the same neighborhood as the Explorer's owners.
He later told police that another man had put him up to the crime. Police said they could not substantiate that.


text:
Q: VBA: Nested loop giving me Error: Excel can only convert one column at a time Right now, I have a nested loop to extract stock prices from Google finance's API.
It gets stored onto a sheet named 'Data', which after I write the Open and Close as Open~Close to another sheet Spread
I have a nested loop, however, I keep getting the error message that excel can only convert one column at a time. I've tried doing a number of things, but I keep getting the error message.
Sub GetData()
Dim DataSheet As Worksheet
Dim EndDate As Date
Dim StartDate As Date
Dim Symbol As String
Dim qurl As String
Dim nQuery As Name
Dim LastRow As Integer

Application.ScreenUpdating = False
Application.DisplayAlerts = False
Application.Calculation = xlCalculationManual

Sheets("Data").Cells.Clear

Set DataSheet = ActiveSheet

StartDate = DataSheet.Range("startDate").Value
EndDate = DataSheet.Range("endDate").Value
Sheets("Data").Range("a1").CurrentRegion.ClearContents

'my ops here'
Sheets("Spread").Cells.Clear

Dim Last As Integer
Last = DataSheet.Range("K6000").End(xlUp).Row
Dim j As Integer
For j = 2 To Last
        If j < Last Then
        Symbol = DataSheet.Range("K" & j).Value
'On my Sheet, I have a list of symbols down Column K'
'********'

qurl = "http://finance.google.com/finance/historical?q=" & Symbol
qurl = qurl & "&startdate=" & MonthName(Month(StartDate), True) & _
       "+" & Day(StartDate) & "+" & Year(StartDate) & _
       "&enddate=" & MonthName(Month(EndDate), True) & _
       "+" & Day(EndDate) & "+" & Year(EndDate) & "&output=csv"

QueryQuote:
With Sheets("Data").QueryTables.Add(Connection:="URL;" & qurl, Destination:=Sheets("Data").Range("a1"))
    .BackgroundQuery = True
    .TablesOnlyFromHTML = False
    .Refresh BackgroundQuery:=False
    .SaveData = True
End With

'Below is where I think the error start. I'm not sure if the loop get iterated here before my nested loop is done..'
Sheets("Data").Range("a1").CurrentRegion.TextToColumns Destination:=Sheets("Data").Range("a1"), DataType:=xlDelimited, _
                                                       TextQualifier:=xlDoubleQuote, ConsecutiveDelimiter:=False, Tab:=True, _
                                                       Semicolon:=False, Comma:=True, Space:=False, other:=False

Sheets("Data").Columns("A:H").ColumnWidth = 15

LastRow = Sheets("Data").UsedRange.Row - 2 + Sheets("Data").UsedRange.Rows.Count

Sheets("Data").Sort.SortFields.Add Key:=Range("A2:A" & LastRow), _
                                   SortOn:=xlSortOnValues, Order:=xlAscending, DataOption:=xlSortNormal

With Sheets("Data").Sort
    .SetRange Range("A1:G" & LastRow)
    .Header = xlYes
    .MatchCase = False
    .Orientation = xlTopToBottom
    .SortMethod = xlPinYin
    .Apply
    .SortFields.Clear
End With

'My ops here'
Sheets("Spread").Cells(1, j) = Symbol
Dim k As Integer
k = Sheets("Data").Range("A1", Sheets("Data").Range("A1").End(xlDown)).Rows.Count

Dim i As Integer
For i = 2 To k - 1
If i < k - 1 Then
Sheets("Spread").Cells(i, j) = Sheets("Data").Cells(i, 2) & "~" & Sheets("Data").Cells(i, 5)
End If
Next i

End If
Next j
'Here is where I have a nested loop'

End Sub

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
MOT rules are changing again from August 1, says Government
The six-month exemption will be scrapped
MOT tests will be made mandatory once again on August 1, roads minister Baroness Vere has announced today.
Drivers had been granted a six-month exemption from MOT tests in March in an effort to help slow down the spread of coronavirus. However, with lockdown measures easing across the UK, MOT tests for cars, motorcycles and vans will once again be made mandatory in England, Scotland and Wales, bringing an end to the extension scheme.
Drivers with an MOT due date prior to August 1 will continue to receive a six-month exemption from the test, but their vehicle will still be required to be properly maintained and kept in a roadworthy condition. These people are still able to voluntarily get their cars MOT'd should they want to, however.
Research shows parts of office where germs are most likely to grow
Couples to wash hands twice during ceremony in new wedding rules
Roads Minister Baroness Vere said: "As people return to our roads, it is vital that motorists are able to keep their vehicles safe. That's why as restrictions are eased, from 1 August MOT testing will again become mandatory.
"Garages across the country are open and I urge drivers who are due for their MOT to book a test as soon they can."
Despite many garages closing during the coronavirus – with only a small number remaining open to cater for essential services – more than 90 per cent are now open across the country, with capacity already reaching 70 per cent of normal levels.
Even if drivers have been granted an automatic exemption, the Department for Transport (DfT) is asking drivers to still take their cars to be checked over by a professional mechanic if they notice something is wrong with their vehicle.
Air ambulance lands in Boston park as police attend incident
Local NewsSeveral police cars and a police van were seen


For those who want to explore Halong Bay and experience a night on cruise at a reasonable price, a two-day cruise tour will be very ideal with various fascinating activities.
Staying overnight on cruises in Halong Bay is increasingly being chosen by many domestic tourists and gradually becoming preferred because it will give visitors interesting feelings and unforgettable experiences. Apart from interesting activities that tourists will take part in on the one-day boat tours such as swimming, kayaking, visiting floating villages and caves, on the two-day tour on cruises, visitors will step into a broader world of the Natural Heritage Halong Bay and enjoy the convenient services on the cruises.
What will be more memorable than staying overnight in the midst of the beautiful Halong Bay and feeling the cool and fresh breeze from the sea. For now, the types of cruise and services on cruises are diverse from 3 to 5 stars. Depending on different demands and amount of money, travelers can choose the best option making their trip unforgettable.
For example, Halong Bay overnight luxury cruises are considered ideal for the newlyweds on their honeymoon, or for birthday people, etc. With the exquisite and luxurious design, they will make visitors feel like a high-class hotel on Halong Bay with modern rooms. The rooms are fitted with jacuzzi, where visitors can relax massaging their skin and enjoying the view of the bay, etc. Especially, these cruises will help organize the themed parties or events on the sea on request, so if you are planning a celebrating occasion, don't miss out the special experience on cruises in the midst of this romantic Halong Bay.
Fishing squids is a simple way of entertainment on Halong cruises at night. Especially, those who are lucky will have a meal with fresh squids on Halong Bay. The crew of the cruise will prepare a water lighting system and provide guests with fishing rods and nets. If travelers visiting here in the right season of the year, when there are lots of squids in Halong, they will have a "bumper" evening and full of laughter.
A bit of patience and a bit of luck will help visitors get the big squids, but many tourists share that in addition to catching squids, the experience of sitting on the railing of the ship, watching the mysterious night, laughing and saying, dispelling the silence of heaven and sea at night is also a very interesting memory in the bay.
It would be great to sit on a yacht and watch the bay but it will be a novelty of experience to watch the sunset on Halong beaches. The sky turns red, shining down the blue water, making the space more poetic than ever. The lights from the Halong yachts reflect on the water surface creating a vivid picture with many magical colors. Choosing for yourself a chair on the sundeck to watch the sunset, enjoying a few cans of beer or a glass of smoothies, and closing your eyes to feel the gentle sea breeze and fresh air, these are really something you should not ignore when coming to Halong.
Halong Bay is a rich source of seafood, providing tourists with fresh and tasty dishes such as fish, shrimp, crabs, scallop, etc. Visiting Halong on an overnight cruise, guests will have a chance to take part in the cooking lesson learning how to cook traditional Vietnamese dishes like spring roll, and enjoy the attractive seafood barbecue with friends on the sundeck in the afternoon. The delicious food, romantic space, and joyful atmosphere on Halong Bay cruises will definitely make the vacation of travelers memorable.
Cat Ba island is where the sea and the forest meet each other creating a rich natural population with many rare plants and animals. Cat Ba National Park is located on Cat Ba island which is a must-visit trekking point for young passionate discoveries. With a cruise tour, visitors will explore the beautiful nature in Ao Ech - a highland submerged forest area, discover the historical Military Hospital cave, and admire the peaceful life in Viet Hai fishing village. If having plenty of time, travelers will have a chance to make a bike tour around the village.
Visiting Halong Bay on cruises with various attractive spots and fascinating activities is really an experience you should not ignore in Vietnam. For further information, feel free to contact us or visit our website. If you love the peaceful and wild beauty here, don't hesitate to like and share with others. Thank you.


Everything the Acle Law Firm does is rooted in our desire to effectively represent policyholders against their insurance companies.
A leader in insurance law and dedicated solely to the representation of policyholders in disputes with their insurance carriers.
Our goal is to maximize your recovery and enable you to restore your property to its pre-loss condition.
Ensuring that their rights as insurance holders are safeguarded and protected.
Acle Law Firm's primary practice involves the representation of homeowner and corporate insurance policyholders in disputes against their insurance carriers.
Our firm's experienced team of insurance lawyers has successfully helped thousands of homeowners and business owners across South Florida navigate the complexities of insurance claim disputes and litigation.
Find here our unique perspective on key legal issues, business trends and South Florida topics we're the most passionate about.


text:
Suspected Fraudulent Planning Permission
Home › Forums › Ireland › Suspected Fraudulent Planning Permission
This topic has 0 replies, 1 voice, and was last updated 4 years, 12 months ago by
jb353.
We bought a property from a private developer. They have converted a Victorian property into two flats and sub-divided the garden into two as well. The lower ground floor flat (ours) has part of the garden which is attached to the flat on the lease. The land behind was segregated but we were told that it would be storage for their builders. After looking into it a bit more, they put in planning permission for an office building (to be built in the land behind ours) for the ground floor flat. The original plans were rejected by the council with the only condition of approval that it would be solely for the use of the ground floor flat and shall not be used as a separate dwelling. After applying with many graphics and plans that were rejected, they created some that the council were happy with. These still do not match the plans of the land at the rear, nor our garden. They were all just uploaded to make sure they got the correct decision with the pure intent of breaking the permissions afterwards.
The day after we completed, an auction sign erected for the land at the back of our garden. The auction house were advertising it as a freehold office building plot that could be turned into a two story house. This assumption was easily taken apart by our arguments, but it was eventually sold. It could potentially have a huge effect on the valuation of our property.
The developers insist that their intention was never to sell the land, but it was a last minute plan. Good timing, especially as they lied to us throughout the purchase and agreed that they were complying to planning permissions. What we can see from their advert was that they had a graphic that showed the planning of a two story building, but they also said this was created last minute and well after the planning was agreed. I have run a check on the image uploaded on their website and it shows that it was uploaded and created before the planning permissions were given, showing that they had the full intent of breaking the permissions and that they filed a misleading/fraudulent application.
Thus far, these crooked developers have got away with this. I want to know whether there is anything I can do to sue the developers or take action against them for deliberately breaking permissions and filling in an application fraudulently? There must be some way we can fight them as they will be doing this to many more people around the UK. It has cost us a lot of money in legal fees to fight the sale of the land and have lawyers look over paperwork. They seem to think it's up to the council if I find proof (the photo and timing of its creation would suffice).


VMware vFabric Application Director is a tool for automating application deployments to infrastructure clouds – it basically automates the provisioning of infrastructure, install, and configuration processes. Once an application has been designed inside Application Director, it can also be deployed to multiple cloud environments without redesigning the application.
This blog post (and a very helpful accompanying video embedded below) will explain how Application Director's Command Line Interface (CLI) can be used alongside VMware's cloud stack to support a self-service portal for provisioning cloud applications. A future blog post will outline a second key use case with Application Director – it's use in a continuous integration development lifecycle to automate builds and migrations.
This entry was posted in Application Director and tagged Application Director, cloud, configuration, deployment, infrastructure, integration, provisioning, vCenter Orchestrator, vCloud Director, workflow on May 10, 2012 by Stacey Schneider.


The ferret (Mustela putorius furo) is the domesticated form of the European polecat, a mammal belonging to the same genus as the weasel, Mustela, in the family Mustelidae. Their fur is typically brown, black, white, or mixed. They have an average length of 51 cm (20 in), including a 13 cm (5. 1 in) tail, weigh about 1. 5–4 pounds (0. 7–2 kg), and have a natural lifespan of 7 to 10 years. Ferrets are sexually dimorphic predators, with males being substantially larger than females.