During the research process of buying a new RV for yourself, you'll need to consider the "use-case scenario" for the camper you're purchasing. Will you be using it on weekends? Will it just be a 2-day trip every month, or do you plan on living in it full time? Depending on your answer,you'll also need to consider whether or not you'll be using the RV throughout all four seasons. For those looking to use yours all year round and tow it without any hassle, here are our top 5 best 4 season travel trailers under 6,000 lbs GVWR.
What puts an RV on the list: There isn't a specific category of 4 season travel trailers per se. However, we factor in features specific to making your seasonal trips easier. This includes a camper with enough insulation, durability and expansions that make it suitable for use regardless of the weather outside.
Why we recommend the Livin Lite Camplite travel trailer: The sole brand in Livin Lite's travel trailer brands, the Camplite, has more than a few lightweight floorplans; some good examples being the Camplite CL14DB and the Camplite CL11FK. A few other floorplans sleep up to 6 people in addition to being durable and light enough to be considered as one of the 4 season travel trailers under 6,000 lbs GVWR!
Dual pane windows on a travel trailer are a rare thing to see when you turn the filters down. However, the Camplite features a furnace–among many other insulation-based features–that make it usable for chilly winters! Combine that with its extremely durable construction and a whole bucketload of upgrades, and it's clear that you've got a great piece of machinery if you go with the Camplite travel trailer.
Why we recommend Lance Lance travel trailer: While our last week's post featured Lance's travel trailers as well, they also have a multitude of features that coincide with our list of "must-haves" for 4 seasons travel trailers. Some of their floorplans, such as the Lance and Lance, offer versatile options that create a unique and comforting, which is perfect for those of you planning on camping all year round.
This is another one of those rare travel trailers that feature dual pane windows, Azedel interior walls for better insulation, and options that make this even better for all-year use. When it's not cold outside, you can enjoy a great tailgating experience thanks to the exterior TV mounting, kitchen, propane connection and awning. If you still wish for a numerous amount of better features, check out the Lance Lance Travel Trailer detail page to be greeted with a variety of customizable options!
Why we recommend the Forest River Flagstaff Micro-Lite travel trailer: As the name suggests, the Forest River Flagstaff Micro-Lite travel trailers are both cozy and lightweight, with a few of its floorplans being well under 6,000 lbs GVWR and being great for use in any season, such as the Flagstaff-Micro Lite and the Flagstaff Micro-Lite.
Luxury is really the name of the game when it comes to the Micro-Lite while still maintaining the title of a decent 4 season travel trailer. Optional thermopane windows, CSA certification, insulated sidewalls and a full aluminum frame are just a few examples of why you should go for it. If you need more, there's a ton of upgrades available–from a ventilation fan all the way to oyster colored fiberglass sidewalls!
Why we recommend the Jayco Jay Flight SLX travel trailer: Out of the 10+ brands of travel trailers from Jayco, the Jay Flight SLX travel trailers prove to be a good addition to our list of 4 seasons travel trailers. It provides a good mix of insulation, features, upgrades and floorplans, such as the Jay Flight SLX 145RB and the Jay Flight SLX 154BH. In addition to the others specifically mentioned, many of the floorplans hold 4 people. If you desire a larger travel trailer to boost the sleeping capacity, consider a model with bunkhouses (although they would be heavier).
Looking specifically into the features you'll notice that Jayco has paid quite a bit of attention to the insulation and construction quality. The insulated reflective coil coupled with optional upgrade to Canadian RV standards ensures that you're warm during the colder months, which is pretty much the entire year in areas such as Minnesota and North Dakota. The aluminum construction, structural I-beams and fully integrated A-frame also ensures that it can tank those common bumps and turns when you tow your travel trailer.
View All Dutchmen Aspen Trail Travel Trail Floorplans!
Why we recommend Dutchmen Aspen Trail travel trailer: The Aspen Trail travel trailer by Dutchmen RV is our next choice for more than a few reasons. If the sheer number of floorplans weren't enough, a lot of them are under 6,000 lbs GVWR. This includes the Aspen Trail 1600RB and the Aspen Trail 1700BH. These floorplans were designed with a plethora of scenarios in mind. For instance, the Aspen Trail has a sleeping capacity of 5 people despite being only 21 feet in length, making it great for people who are either tailgating or those who use their RV for a 1-day trip.
The Aspen Trail is as good as it gets for 4 season RVers. The heated underbelly, coupled with a high output furnace, is bound to keep the RV nicely heated. This is perfect for when you're traveling through places with extremely cold weather. Luxury is also taken care of as it features an Aspen Trail command centre, evergreen mattress, bathroom skylight, and many other options to further enhance its 4 season capabilities!
4 Season RVing will be a breeze with our list in your hand. If you prefer a specific brand, we suggest keeping the construction, insulation and reviews in mind before looking at its bells and whistles!
Share with us your favorite 4 seasons travel trailers under 6,000 lbs GVWR in the comments below!


Dear God, – Did I say that out loud?
You may have heard fr om me earlier today when I was in the grocery store. I pushed my cart past a man taking advantage of our 50 degree weather by wearing an extra small t-shirt that unfortunately did not cover the hairy belly that was hanging down past his belt buckle. As he passed me with his cart full of frozen pizza and his shoulders covered in dandruff he actually managed to burp and fart at the same time. A skill that no doubt, he had worked on for several years.
In retrospect, I realize this was a very bad thing to say, even in my head. On many different levels. I'm ashamed. So please forgive me and I promise to do better next time.
P.S. If you didn't actually hear me say this earlier today, then this letter is from my sister, Lesley.
I'm a lesbian and I don't see one thing wrong with what you said….I also have a 4 year old so I understand this on so many levels.
Thanks Kandis. I appreciate your comment!


text:
Bitva u Olomouce byla válečným střetem mezi českým vojskem českého kralevice Přemysla Otakara II. a české a moravské šlechty vedené nejspíš Zdeslavem z Divišova a vojskem kočovného kmene Kumánů loajálnímu uherskému králi Bélovi IV. v rámci bojů o nástupnictví v Rakouském a Štýrském vévodství. Odehrála se 25. června 1253 v okolí města Olomouce na Moravě a skončila porážkou Přemyslových vojsk, což však vedlo k zabránění dalším výpadům Kumánů do zemí Koruny české.

Pozadí
V říjnu 1250 zemřel rakouský a štýrský vévoda, Heřman VI. Bádenský, čímž se znovu otevřel nástupnický problém o Rakousy a Štýrsko. Rakous se chtěl zmocnit bavorský vévoda Ota II. se synem Ludvíkem, narazil však na odpor českého krále Václava I. a jeho syna a následníka českého trůnu Přemysla Otakara, kteří se rozhodli, že Rakousy tentokrát získají za každou cenu. Nástupnických nároků se však nevzdal ani uherský král Béla IV., který proti Přemyslovcům vytvořil silnou koalici s bavorským vévodou Otou II., krakovským vévodou Boleslavem Stydlivým, opolským knížetem Vladislavem a s haličským knížetem Danielem. Tuto koalici podpořil rovněž papež Inocenc IV., a vdova po Heřmanovi Bádenském a dědička rakouského i štýrského vévodství, Gertruda Babenberská.

V červnu 1252 proběhl první, neúspěšný uherský útok na Přemyslovo panství. V létě 1253 zaútočila na Opavsko polsko-ruská vojska, vedená Danielem Haličským a jeho synem Lvem, Vladislavem Opolským a Boleslavem Stydlivým. Tento útok Přemyslovce zaskočil, očekávali totiž spíše útok na Rakousy. Po dvou neúspěšných útocích na Opavu a nepovedeném pokusu o ovládnutí Hlubčic se polsko-ruská vojska pustila do krutého plenění země. Následně se prohlásili za vítěze a se zajatci odtáhli.

Průběh bitvy
Mezitím na Moravu udeřili Kumáni, kočovný kmen bojující ve službách uherského království, do jižního Štýrska pak zatím pronikali Uhři. České vojsko se invaznímu vojsku postavilo v prvním větším střetu konfliktu 25. června 1253 před branami Olomouce. V bitvě s kumánským vojskem zde utrpělo porážku, při které podle záznamů kronikáře Přibíka Pulkavy z Radenína z poloviny 14. století zahynulo až několik tisíc křesťanů (počty ztrát však mohou být nadsazené).

Bojem vyčerpaní Kumáni se však následně rozhodli dále do moravského vnitrozemí nepostupovat. Pravděpodobně také krátce neúspěšně oblehly Olomouc. Následně na Moravu dorazil hlavní Bélův voj a Morava byla krutě drancována.

Hodnocení bitvy

Ačkoliv české vojsko v bitvě utrpělo poměrně těžkou porážku s vysokými ztráty, znamenala tato bojová akce zastavení postupu a plenění kumánského vojska dále na území Koruny české. Uhájena byla díky tomu rovněž Olomouc, která se ve stejném roce stala královským městem.

Přemysl se v dalších měsících pokusil o protiofensivu, ale Bélova vojska byla ve velké přesile. Václav I. syna nepodpořil a česká strana musela vyčkávat v naději, že vyhladovělí Uhři sami ustoupí. Nyní se však ozval papež, který i přesto, že dříve podporoval Bélu, vyzval obě strany k ukončení bojů a začal zprostředkovávat mírová jednání. Uherská a polská vojska byla nucena ustoupit z Moravy. Přemysl následně spěchal k převzetí vlády do Štýrska, kde ho část místní šlechty uznala štýrským vévodou. 17. září 1253 v Kremži odpřisáhl Přemysl do rukou papežského legáta Velasca věrnost církvi a římskoněmeckému králi Vilémovi Holandskému. Mezitím se uskutečnil další uherský a bavorský vpád do Rakous, který však Přemysl ustál.

Dne 22. září 1253 náhle zemřel Václav I. a pak Přemysl po svém návratu ze zahraničí v říjnu převzal vládu v království. Jeho nástup na český trůn proběhl hladce a bez problémů. Až do korunovace roku 1261 se Přemysl, s výjimkou jedné listiny z roku 1254, nenazýval králem, nýbrž pánem, nebo dědicem českého království ().

Mýtus Jaroslava ze Šternberka
Bitva u Olomouce dala vzniknout legendě o slavném vítězství křesťanského vojska nad Mongoly pod moravským vrchem Hostýn pod vedením Jaroslava ze Šternberka, která byla mj. způsobena záměnou s postavou Zdeslava z Divišova, posléze ze Šterberka. Stejně tak v sobě kombinuje také skutečnosti vážící se k bitvě u Lehnice v Polsku roku 1241, ve které křesťanské síly s Mongoly prohrály. Postavu Jaroslava vytvořil až roku 1541 při psaní své kroniky Václav Hájek z Libočan a ta byla následně v dalších staletích připomínána či umělecky zobrazována jakožto symbol vítězství křesťanů nad pohany.

Odkazy

Poznámky

Reference

Literatura

Externí odkazy
 Diplomová práce - František Palacký a mýtus mongolského vpádu

Bitvy svedené na Moravě
Bitvy Česka
Bitvy Uherska
Bitvy roku 1253
Bitva
Bitva
Bitva

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


The mission of the J. V. Fletcher Library is to serve its clientele as a progressive, responsive public library resource, connecting users of all ages with their popular materials needs, without regard to format and serving as an informational center providing materials on the issues and interests of day-to-day living. A strong secondary role is the provision of educational and informational support to students pursuing both formal and informal educational paths. While the Fletcher Library strives to be both reflective of, and responsive to, the community, it also seeks to be in the vanguard of professional library services - attracting and leading the community into informational, cultural and technological literacy in a warm and welcoming public setting.
To support this mission, library materials are selected, organized, and made accessible in order to anticipate and meet the diverse needs of library clientele.
1) The Library shall develop collections of merit and significance, whether acquired by purchase or gift. Each item of material shall be considered in terms of its value to the collection and the audience for whom it is intended. Reading and language abilities of the citizens will be considered.
2) Materials to be evaluated shall include a variety of books for young people and adults, in hardcover and paperback editions; financial services; data base services; electronic formats; large print books; periodicals; newspapers; pamphlets; recordings; videocassettes; films; tapes; microforms; maps; music scores; new technologies, and; the equipment needed for all borrowers, including the handicapped, to use the materials.
3) Materials shall be evaluated according to objective standards. Flexibility, open-mindedness and responsiveness are required in the process. Consideration shall be given to expanding knowledge, changing social values, technological advantages and cultural differences where appropriate. As growth and change occur in these areas, the Library shall reevaluate materials which were not acquired.
4) Some materials may be judged primarily in terms of artistic merit, scholarship or their value as human documents; others will be selected to satisfy recreational and entertainment needs.
5) Different viewpoints on controversial issues will be acquired, including those which may have unpopular or unorthodox positions. The Library recognizes that those materials which offend, shock or bore one reader may be considered pleasing, meaningful, or significant by another.
6) To avoid unnecessary duplication, consideration will be given to materials available to the public through the Collection Development guidelines of the Merrimack Valley Library Consortium, Inc., through other area libraries and through other community agencies.
7) All collections will be widely accessible to all borrowers, regardless of their location, through extensive interlibrary and intralibrary loan services and through the daily delivery service.
8) Recognizing that a materials selection policy can result in complaints from public at large who may not understand the reasons why certain items have been included in the collection, the Library shall develop procedures for reconsideration of the item in question. Any patron has the right to question the purchase of an item for the Library collection.
ALA's Library Rights for Adults, and ALA's Free Access to Libraries for Minors.
10) Librarians and Library governing bodies cannot assume the role of parents or the functions of parental authority in the private relationship between parent and child. Thus, parents - and only parents - have the right and the responsibility to restrict the access of their children to library resources. Parents who do not want their children to have access to certain library services, materials, or facilities should so advise their children. Otherwise, each reader is privileged to select for himself among the books the library has purchased, and no one is obliged to read what he does not like. (See also Library Card Registration and Responsibilities Policy).
materials also serve the general public. It is not the purpose of the collection to serve as a supplementary elementary, high school or college library.
The Board of Trustees formulates policies for the selection of all materials within the Broad framework of the objectives and purposes of the Library. The Trustees delegate the responsibility of implementing these policies through materials selection to the Library Director and, under his/her direction, to the professional staff who are qualified for this activity by reason of education, training, and experience. Suggestions from staff members (other than those officially assigned the selection responsibility) and from library users are encouraged and seriously considered in the selection process.
1) Enrich and support the educational, recreational, and informational needs of the users, taking into consideration their varied interests, abilities, and learning styles.
2) Represent differing viewpoints on a subject.
3) Reflect the problems, aspirations, attitudes, and ideals of a pluralistic society.
4) Support business, cultural, recreational, and civic activities in the community.
5) Stimulate self-understanding and growth.
6) Enhance job-related knowledge and skills.
7) Increase knowledge of and participation in the affairs of the community, the country, and the world.
8) Are appropriate to the level of the targeted user.
The collections for young people are aimed at meeting the diverse recreational, cultural, and informational needs of that segment of the population from infancy through adolescence. Materials are included to provide enjoyment, stretch the imagination, cultivate a love of books and reading, stimulate creative abilities, supplement study, and provide an awareness of the broad spectrum of moral and social values. Materials are selected which vary in format, content, and level to meet wide-ranging interests and demands, to help young people understand their own development, and to prepare them for informed participation in society.
The evaluation of materials is characterized by flexibility, open-mindedness, and a responsiveness to the changing needs of the citizens of the Town of Westford and of the Commonwealth. These changing needs require that materials be evaluated initially and on a continuing basis. As a result, materials not recommended for purchase originally may, in fact, be purchased at a later date. The converse -- that materials may still be considered unsuitable or unnecessary for the collection -- is also possible.
Purchases for the library are made on the basis of recommendations in library journals, professional and literary magazines, publishers trade magazines, and newspaper reviews.
Materials are evaluated as a whole and not on the basis of a particular section or sections. A work will not be excluded from the Librarys collection because it presents an aspect of life honestly or because of frankness of expression.
While a single standard cannot be applied to each potential item for selection, materials are judged by appropriate criteria. In some instances, these criteria include artistic merit, scholarship, or the value of the material to the informational needs of the community. In other instances the criterion may be substantial demand.
1) Availability and suitability of format.
2) Suitability of subject, style, and level for the intended audience.
3) Critics' and staff's reviews.
4) Reputation of the publisher or producer; authority and significance of the author, composer, filmmaker, etc.
5) Timeliness or permanence of the material.
6) Quality of writing, design, illustrations, or production.
7) Relevance to community needs.
8) Potential and/or known demand for the material.
9) Relative importance in comparison with existing materials in the collection on the same subject.
10) Availability and accessibility of the same material in the regional or statewide area.
1) The work contains timely and accurate information .
4) Comprehensiveness and depth of treatment.
7) Inclusion in standard bibliographies and indices.
1) Representation of a challenging, though extreme or minority, point of view.
2) Clarity and logic of presentation.
5) Degree and accomplishment of purpose.
6) Availability of materials on the subject.
1) Representation of an important movement, genre, trend, or culture.
3) Artistic presentation and quality evidenced in the plot, setting, theme characterization, point of view, and style.
4) Sustained interest and entertainment.
1) The work may be factually out-of-date-- that is, no longer timely or accurate.
2) A more comprehensive source on the subject has since been published.
3) The work may be so badly worn or damaged that it cannot be bound or mended.
4) The work may be less expensive to replace than repair.
5) The work, a once-popular material, is no longer regularly requested.
6) Space considerations may necessitate the removal of some items from the collection.
Materials deemed lost or missing are officially withdrawn from the record of Library holdings.
1) Existence of adequate coverage of the subject, especially if more current material is available.
2) Demand for the specific title.
Where high interest or high demand necessitates, the Library will strive to purchase multiple copies of titles, formats or volumes.
Donations of books and materials to the library are welcomed, with the understanding that the same criteria of selection will be applied before adding donated materials to the collection. Those materials not selected will be refused, or sold, or discarded. No donations which are accompanied by qualifying instructions as to disposition, housing, or use will be accepted.
Gifts of books and other materials are accepted with the understanding that they may be used, routed to the Friends of the J. V. Fletcher Library, Inc. Book sales or disposed of as the Library determines is appropriate. New titles acquired in this manner are subject to the basic standards of selection. Replacements and duplicate copies are added to the collection if needed. The cost of processing and the availability of shelving space are also factors in determining the acceptance of gifts. The Library does not provide evaluations of gifts for tax deductions or other purposes.
Westford writers often donate their books which have been published by non-mainstream publishers. If the donated book does not otherwise meet our collection development criteria, we will add the donated title to our collection with the call number Westford Writer. However, we will not purchase such titles; they will only be added to the collection if they are donated by the author.
Certain materials of long-term value and/or usefulness may be preserved through binding, preservation techniques, scanning, transcribing or putting on microforms, or some other technique.
The choice of library materials by users is an individual matter. While a person may reject materials for himself/herself, he/she cannot exercise censorship to restrict access to the materials by others.
Recognizing that a diversity of materials may result in some requests for reconsideration, the following procedures have been developed to assure that objections or complaints are handled in an attentive and consistent manner.
Any resident of the Town of Westford that has a concern regarding the selection of a specific title is welcome to discuss the interpretation of these principles with the Library Director. A formal review of any title or material is initiated only upon the submittal of a Request for Reconsideration form. Upon submittal of this form, professional selectors on the staff will read, review and comparatively assess the material being reconsidered. A formal written response and assessment will be forthcoming from the Director, along with a copy of the Library Material Selection Policy and any other appropriate documentation.
Should the patron desire further edification from the governing body of the Library, the resident should then put their concerns in writing to the Board of Trustees. The Board will then study the matter relative to the individual concern and the selection principles as promulgated.
8. Last Copy Policy of the Merrimack Valley Library Consortium, Inc.
VOTED AND APPROVED BY THE BOARD OF LIBRARY TRUSTEES: 11/3/97; amended 9/9/02.
Adult collection development is based first and foremost on selection guidelines set by The American Library Association in the "Library Bill of Rights" and the J. V. Fletcher Librarys "Collection Development Policy."
Each year specific subject areas within the adult circulating collection are targeted for development. Criteria for creating these target areas include: patron usage and requests; replacement of outdated holdings; and filling important gaps in the collection. As always, review journals are the primary resource for selecting titles.
Current goals, FY'03-FY'07, are shaped as well by several "service responses" outlined in the "J. V. Fletcher Library Long Range Plan 2002- 2005." As a result current goals include focus on bestsellers, audio formats, and topical issues.
FY'02 Update current travel guide series, Fodor's and Let's Go.
Expand or introduce new series" such as, Insight Guides, Michelin Green Guides, Frommers, and Zagat Restaurant Surveys.
Expand Audiobook collection (order duplicate copies, increase size of current collection), especially Books-on-CD.
FY'04 Replace and update entire Biography collection.
FY'05 Evaluate and update Short Stories, Plays, and Poetry Collections.
Evaluate and update Sports, Cookbooks, Gardening and Fine Art Collections.
FY'06 Update and replace Adult Fiction Collection for authors A-L.
FY'07 Update and replace Adult Fiction Collection for authors M-Z.
A = High demand: purchase most everything and sometimes in multiple copies.
B = Demand: buy well reviewed books of interest to general reader, but with budget limitations in mind.
C = Some interest: buy with caution basis books, well known authors, with a general reader in mind.
D = Special interest: buy the occasional book but keep in mind the long term appeal of the subject.
E = Not purchased from Adult Circulating Collection budget.
2. Friends Rental Collection: Choose from best sellers, light pleasure reading, and titles with hold lists. Consult spreadsheet of past FRC titles, circulation records.
11. Translations of major foreign authors: D.
and for Busy People by Osborne for general usage.
Collection when new edition received for that collection.
100 D Basic introductory works on philosophy and psychology used.
Specific original sources of limited interest.
133 D Titles on the occult, witchcraft, etc. Superstitions assigned annually by local school system.
200 D General introductions to all types of religions and their influence upon a person's life circulate.
Basic books on mythology. Greek and Roman topics used heavily for school assignments.
D Political science, law, government, and folklore purchased in light of general interest and long term usage.
admission process and related topics heavily used.
395 C Etiquette, customs, and weddings should be purchased as published.
D Basic materials supporting English as a Second Language and literacy materials for both the teacher and student.
510 B Need basic refresher books on mathematics: algebra, calculus, trigonometry, etc.
590 B General information on animals, birds, and plants for middle and high school students. Time-Life variety especially useful.
610 B Informative, accurate, and current books on medicine for the lay person.
D Personal accounts and reminiscences have a limited audience.
D Diet and exercise books should be purchases only if medically sound or in demand.
620 D Electronics, especially small appliance repair, is popular.
630 C Gardening books for specific, popular and regional types of plants, and landscaping techniques.
D General books on pets, especially dogs and cats, and their care circulate. Titles on specific breeds not purchased at this time.
640 D Homecare and cleaning techniques purchased on limited basis.
C Childcare and development very popular.
650 C Basic business guides, strategies, and small business skills.
C Resume, interviewing, and job hunting techniques in demand.
690 B Home repair with clear directions and projects of interest to the suburban home owner very popular.
720 D Architecture, house plans, and landscape design used. Basic books on periods needed.
790 C Purchase titles on coaching and basic techniques for sports. Books on fishing and hunting also used.
American British authors; and collected works of major authors.
D Light demand locally for critical works and sources for non-English plays, poetry, and prose.
B Basic histories of counties and time periods for the reader needed. Personal reminiscences and diaries do not circulated.
Good secondary sources preferred over primary sources.
written and of long term use.
Westford is a growing community with an abundance of young children. The population is over 18,000 and is projected to grow to 20,000 by the year 2000. Almost one third of the population is under age 17. Schools are overcrowded and plans for expansions are already in progress. The Library's Circulation is fourth in the Merrimack Valley Library Consortium. The children's and Young Adult Materials Budget is 23,000 as of FY'96. The Children's Book Circulation is the largest per month of the entire library (8,000 to 13,000 per month). Programs are sold out and waiting lists have become longer. Based on this evidence, the percentages of money spent on formats, ages and subjects, reflect these growing trends.
The Juvenile collection is carefully chosen for children with all abilities from birth to grade 6, with the emphasis on materials which entertain, stimulate the imagination, develop reading ability, and enable children to learn about the world around them. Materials are purchased in print and non-print formats including, but not limited to, books, magazines, videos, tapes, puzzles, kits, and toys. The Standards for Public Library Service to children in Massachusetts 1995 is used as an important tool in selecting materials as are the professional review journals such as School Library Journal, Booklist, Horn Book, Kliatt, and Voya. The purchase of certain items, such as encyclopedias and reference materials used to support Young Adults are coordinated with the Head of Adult Information services. Although the collection does contain materials of use in completing assignments, it is not designed t o provide school textbooks or other materials which support only the school curriculum.
Children are not limited to the special collections selected for them. They are encouraged to make full use of the entire collection the extent that their interests and capabilities allow.
JUNIOR FICTION: JF (500 Circ./mo.
100: (50) Death, Issues (Bullying, teasing, tantrums, etc.
The CD Collection is used by Patrons of all ages and interests. A new selection of Language CDs is being added and increased interest in International Music has encouraged me to develop this part of the collection.
Selections are based on Patron requests, reviews in Billboard, Jazz CD, Entertainment Weekly, Ingram, and Baker & Taylor. Suggestions for Rock, Folk and Alternative Rock are often made by the sales staff at vendors specializing in music selection. The NPR Guide to Classical Music is used in developing the Classical Music Collection.
Replacements are made of worn classics in all categories. The budget does not allow for many multiple copies, however donations account for some multiple copies. Weeding, so far, has been done by discarding damaged discs. Rare recordings are retained even when circulation figures are low.
Minor Chord (primarily for Folk and Country); Baker and Taylor; Wireless Audio Catalog; In the Groove; Barnes and Noble. WALK-IN: Minor Chord, Barnes & Noble.
Stereo Review; Billboard; Entertainment; CD Journal.
The sound cassette collection is used by Adult Listeners who are mostly homebound or commuters. A small selection is used by high school students.
Selections are based on Patron requests and reviews in Baker & Taylor and Ingram. Replacements are routinely made of high demand items and classics; language and self-help titles are popular. Duplicate copies are usually provided by Patron donations. Rely only on well-known publishers. Weeding is done by discarding broken items. Cassettes with low circulation are also considered for discard.
Ingram; Baker and Taylor; Barnes & Noble. WALK-IN: Barnes & Noble.
Smaller monthly orders as needed to supplement.
The video collection is used by Patrons of all ages. The highest circulation is in Children's, ages 1-7, and the Feature Film category. We have a segment of the population that enjoys the Foreign Films. Higher rated films are purchased as are well-reviewed films that seem to be available only in the city theaters. In developing the collection, a large portion of the budget was spent on Adult non-feature films. This category has a slower rate of circulation than the rest of the collection and because of space limitations, more of the budget is being expended on duplicate copies of high demand feature films and better childrens videos, i.e. Richard Scarry tapes, Childrens Circle and Disney Films.
Selections are based on reviews in Video Librarian, New Yorker Magazine, R. Ebert's Video Companion, Baker & Taylor, Ingram Book Company catalog and Patrons requests.
Replacements are made of popular and classic films. Weeding is done by discarding damaged videos. Videos with low circulation are also considered for discard.
Ingram; Baker and Taylor; Midwest; Critics Choice; Facets. WALK-IN: Pheasant Lane Mall Video Store.
Dave Brudnoy; Roger Ebert; Video Librarian; Entertainment; Facets.
400 A=(student) Languages, dictionaries, grammar, non-English languages costume, folklore, holidays.
Science encyclopedias, dictionaries, astronomy, chemistry, biology, ecology mathematics, physics.
Encyclopedias of art, music, theatre, films, television, radio, sports.
Collection Development Policy Plan Information Services Dept.
The purchase of serials in the J.V. Fletcher Library is coordinated with the input of the Childrens, Fine Arts, Information Services and Young Adult departments. In addition, feedback is gained from staff that have specific fields of expertise such as adult services, computers and, the elderly. The public also gives suggestions through the use of the Patron Suggestion books located in the Information Services department and by the main desk.
Serials directly supports the Information Services Department by providing supplementary materials such as annual reports, college catalogs, maps, transportation schedules, and vertical file articles.
Format purchase determination is decided by usage and long term retention.
At the J.V. Fletcher Library, the Young Adult Department is organized as a separately identified section of the Youth Services Department, representing 11% of the book budget. It is the goal of the Young Adult Department to provide a smooth transition and bridge for adolescents in grades 6 - 12 from the Juvenile collections and services to the Adult collections and services.
The Young Adult collection represents the unique needs and interests of adolescents. Materials selected for teenagers contribute to their intellectual and emotional growth as well as appeal to their popular, current and recreational interests. Selections are made with an awareness of the variety of interests, backgrounds, reading skills and developmental / maturity levels within this age group. Therefore, the Young Adult collection will include adult titles as well as some juvenile titles.
The primary focus to the Young Adult collection is personal interest materials and recreational reading. The collection must be kept current and attractive and will include hardcover and paperback fiction and nonfiction, magazines, audiobooks and compact discs.
The mainstay of the Young Adult collection is the fiction collection, therefore a proportionally larger percentage of the budget will be allocated to Young Adult fiction. Since paperbacks are the preferred format, a greater number of paperback fiction will be purchased in comparison to hardcover fiction. Since the cost of paperbacks is usually 1/3 to 1/2 less than the cost of hardcovers, the budget allocations for both will remain approximately equal.
YA nonfiction; YA audio books; and YA compact discs.
Young Adult nonfiction titles will be selected because of their special appeal to this age group. Although the collection contains materials of use in completing assignments, it is not designed to provide school textbooks or other materials which support only the school curriculum. The purchase of certain items such as encyclopedias and reference materials used to support Young Adults are coordinated with Adult Information Services.
Young Adult audio books will include well reviewed general fiction and classics.
Young Adult compact discs will be selected according to current trends and popularity. Criteria for selection will include input from the Westford Young Adult population.
A = High Demand: purchase many and sometimes in multiple copies.
with budget limitations in mind.
long term appeal of the subject.
 Teen issues: self-esteem, teen - parent problems, dating, pregnancy, eating disorders, substance abuse, peer pressure.
 Human sexuality: sexual activity, abstinence, AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases, sexual orientation, puberty.
 Emotional / Psychological Issues: depression, loneliness, suicide, death and illness, stress and anxiety, sexual and psychological abuse.
Titles are selected based on favorable reviews and level of popularity in the print version. Some classics will also be included.
Titles will be selected according to current trends and popularity. Input from the teen population will also be considered.


Daniel and his team are consummate professionals. If they can't fix your soundproofing issues no-one can! This is the second time we've used Daniel's services. After he soundproofed our bedroom ceiling, we could no longer hear our neighbours' conversations and radio. Bliss! Soundproofing the neighbours' floor above really helped with full-on washing machine noise and deadened (but didn't totally eliminate) thudding footsteps and kitchen cupboards. Daniel is trustworthy and totally reliable. He left everything tidy (and in one piece) and delivered a superb job on time. Highly recommend!
Excellent. I would have no hesitation in recommending Daniel and his company to do soundproofing.
I carefully researched the various companies offering their services, but It was an article in the property section of the Evening Standard , with a picture of a lady smiling and drinking a cup of tea, telling the story of how SRU and Daniel successfully soundproofed her flat, describing her 'noise story' and how extremely pleased she was with the results, that stuck out and made me contact SRU.
I couldn't have made a better choice. The results are above and beyond to the percentage of that what was quoted in the SRU's chart and by Daniel. The results are so amazing that I am quite literally in shock. I keep on going back into the room, actually trying really hard to hear the neighbour, it's that quiet.
Most CheckATrade reviewers emphasize their reviews on how very spotlessly clean, fast, helpful, kind, courteous and professional SRU is. But it was only one question that I actually had and cared about: Will it actually work?
Thank you Daniel for the amazing job you and the SRU team have done! Within just a few days of the smoothest, perfectly organized, punctual renovation, each night leaving the site dust free, neat and all rubbish cleared, SRU have changed my home and my life forever.
Showroom manager guided us on the type of products that might be suitable. Surveyor/fitter attended soon after and gave further advice and verbal quote which was matched by the written quote that was received after that. Appointment made to fit and job done within a couple of hours with the three layers of products as had been described. We will now have flooring laid by a flooring company and will then know how well the soundproofing works but no reason to think it won't be as effective as we need it to be.
This was the first time I used this company to install a new sound proofing ceiling in a rented property. I was quite worry that something would go seriously wrong with the installation etc. I am glad that the work carried out was satisfactory and the room with the sound proofing ceiling is quieter and nicer than before. There was a bit of concern about the tidiness on the second day of work but it was promptly addressed the next day. In the end, the work was carried out in my view to professional standards and I feel that I can trust this company for future work.
Shane and the team were polite, thoroughly professional and meticulously tidy. To have completed this job in just two and a half days is remarkable! The reduction in footfall is much higher than I could have imagined and the air borne sound has all but vanished. The work also appears to have reduced lateral transmission of noise having a dampening effect throughout the flat. I will undoubtedly get these guys back in to do the hallway and second bedroom next year.


Weighing in at only 4.2 kg, this easy to erect 3 person tent is ideal for backpacking, Ten Tors or Duke of Edinburgh Awards. The Halo has two porches, one at either end, perfect for storing your kit. Waterproof to a hydrostatic head of 5000mm the Halo 300 is a Semi-geodesic - Self-supporting structure, designed to take what ever the weather throws at you. Pack size 50cm x 21cm. Our Trowbridge store has one of the largest tent displays in the South West, why not come down and see us, or call us on 01225 764977 for more information.


Impossible catches just became possible — the Nike Vapor Jet 5.0 Football Gloves. They're built with a palm that optimizes your grip on the football so you have a solid catching platform from the tips of your fingers to the heel of you hand. They also feature lightweight padding and a stabilizing coating to keep you secure and locked onto the ball.
Stretch woven fabric is breathable and helps to keep you cool and dry.
Durable pinky seams provide a locked-in fit.
Magnigrip palms are super sticky for ideal catching surface.
Flexible finger coating adds stability.
Lightweight padding helps protect thumb.
Back: 57% polyester/35% polyurethane/5% spandex/3% EVA foam, Palm: 75% polyester/20% silicone/5% spandex. Imported.


I grew up in a mixed-race working-class family in Houston, was homeschooled from kindergarten through high school, attended Rice University (paid for by scholarships and loans), and have worked for the past nine years at a life insurance company in an actuarial role. I have been blessed with over a decade of marriage to my wonderful wife, Jocelyn, and we are raising four children (so far) while attending an Anglican church.
My political upbringing was pretty conservative, and I was fairly libertarian from high school through college (I cast a write-in vote for Ron Paul in 2008); however, I slowly became aware that a truly consistent libertarianism would result in bad outcomes—up to and including premature death—for real people who simply lacked money or economic opportunities, which didn't fit well with my moral and religious convictions about the equality of all people.
By 2012, my shift toward a centrist position was mostly complete, and I voted for the most moderate Republican presidential candidate (Jon Huntsman, Jr.) in both the primary and the general election that year. Although my position on many (perhaps most) of today's political issues had moved from the right to the center or center-left, I still couldn't vote for Democrats because of their stance on abortion; however, due to the increasing tilt of the Republican party to the right, I found myself unable to stomach voting for most of their candidates, too, which left me adrift and without a place to hang my political hat. Providentially, I found the American Solidarity Party in the spring of 2015, and I have been proud to be a member ever since.
My main impetus for putting myself forward as a candidate for the presidential nomination is to broaden the discussion and give the membership more choices; if the process shows that any (or all) of the other candidates would be a better nominee, I will gladly step aside and endorse that person (or persons) instead.
In order for our party to have a significant impact on local and national politics, we have to be a viable electoral alternative, which means the most important structural issues are breaking the political duopoly by significantly improving ballot access for third parties, implementing alternative voting methods, and eliminating partisan gerrymandering.
Systematic racism, mass incarceration, and concerns about police accountability are some of the most pressing problems facing racial and ethnic minority communities in our country. These problems need to be addressed effectively in order to make progress toward the goal of true equality for all.
I hope that this nomination process will be clarifying and unifying for our party, and I'll do my best toward that goal.


MILWAUKEE--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Nov. 13, 2018-- Curiosity, Creativity, Collaboration, Community, Common Ground – this is the inspiration behind Milwaukee's newest independent arts hotel, Saint Kate. Named for Saint Catherine, the patron saint of artists, this first-of-its-kind hotel will offer an experience unlike any other hotel through the celebration of the arts.
"We are in the business of asking what-if and why not? People like adventure and authentic experiences and the opportunity to step out of their day-to-day. Saint Kate will be full of surprises for those who crave an enriching travel experience - to engage and explore, rather than simply observe. Our number-one goal is to challenge people's thinking about art and the creative process. By tapping into our creative community, we are using art as a tool to show that there is beauty in the process as well as the finished product. All can be celebrated at Saint Kate," said hotel visionary Greg Marcus, president and CEO of The Marcus Corporation.


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Dennis Frederic "Dinny" Fagan (17 March 1906 – 18 September 1990) was an Australian rules footballer who played for South Melbourne in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

Notes

External links

1906 births
1990 deaths
VFL/AFL players born outside Australia
Australian rules footballers from Victoria (Australia)
Sydney Swans players
Moorabbin Football Club players


Winning the Spring Series, earning a place in the WSL 1, coupled with signing a full-time professional deal, life has been good for Megan Finnigan.
The Everton Ladies midfielder isn't resting on her laurels, however, and revealed her ambition to consolidate with the Blue Girls this season and represent the Lionesses in the future – in an exclusive interview with The Sophist.
It was ten years ago when Everton were first made aware of her talents, ultimately resulting in Finnigan developing in the Merseysiders' academy. She explained: "I was initially spotted by Everton when I was nine. I was playing for my local boys team and my manager arranged for an Everton scout to watch me.
Megan Finnigan signed her first full-time professional deal with Everton Ladies on July 2017.
Finnigan featured heavily as Everton won the Spring Series last summer, and has since been a regular in WSL 1 this season with 11 appearances under her belt. She called the last two years of her Everton career "fantastic".
"My time at Everton so far has been fantastic, but particularly the last two seasons because I've come out of my shell and get the opportunity to train and play full time in WSL1. I think it's definitely the right place for my game to develop," the midfielder said.
"I'm lucky I'm only 19 and can focus on playing football professionally, as that has always been the dream. Winning the Spring Series was a fond memory; my first bit of silverware for the club.
And while Everton may be at the wrong end of the WSL 1 table this season, Finnigan believes the squad have adapted well to the step-up in quality and says just a handful of good results could dramatically change their situation.
"For a young team, our performance levels have been consistently high. We are playing against some of the best teams in Europe with the likes of Manchester City, Chelsea and Arsenal, and I think we have given them really tough games and probably deserved some points from them.
"We are a hard-working team, and I think most sides know that we will give them a good game regardless of the result. The second half of the season is now underway and we want to take these good performances and momentum and turn them into wins.
Everton are currently ninth in the WSL 1 with six points from eight games this season, but their form has picked up recently. The Blue Girls have won two of their last four league outings, beating Yeovil Town and Sunderland, while also seeing past Bristol City in Sunday's FA Cup clash.
And assuming Everton secure their WSL 1 status, the next step for the 19-year-old will be earning an England call-up. Finnigan's already represented the Young Lionesses on many occasions, and revealed her dream to play for the first-team.
"My main ambition is to play for the seniors one day," she admitted. "I have a lot of youth experience for England now but ultimately (first-team football) is the aim. We have an u20 World Cup this summer in France and hope to go there and do really well. Fingers crossed we come back with some silverware.
Massive thanks to Megan Finnigan for speaking to The Sophist. We wish her, Everton and the Young Lionesses all the best this season.


The crypto VC financing has gone through tremendous changes in the past years. From the traditional IPOs — available only to hedge funds or VC funds — to ICOs, STOs and, last but not least, IEOs.
The ICO market started off in early 2014 with the initiation of the Ethereum blockchain and reached the peak of its popularity only in late 2017 when major cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin and Ether eventually filled the media headlines.
Before the ICOs, only hedge funds, private investors or traditional venture capital funds were truly privileged to participate in the early-stage investing in new projects, called the IPOs (Initial Public Offerings).
Return On Investment since ICO l Current prices as of 11 Apr 2019.
However, the ICOs did come with their own drawbacks. The main issue was the lack of any regulatory oversight. This created a market full of over-promising results, confusing and over-technical jargon, Ponzi schemes, and other forms of fraudulent ICOs, poor reporting, investor manipulation, etc.
Still, the "get-rich-fast" sentimentality of investing in ICOs was too tempting, luring investors into overlooking the traps.
Some of the major ICO scams which stole millions from investors are now being prosecuted by the authorities. Yet with thousands of ICOs that existed in 2017 alone, the majority of the stolen money will likely never be recovered.
Learn more about ICOs and their traps in our ICO Investing 101 blog series.
Utility tokens — representing the right to use the product or service once the project is launched. These are not considered as investments.
Security tokens — representing ownership of the project, similarly to being a shareholder of a company. These are considered investments and are subject to federal regulations.
The second classification pushed some ICOs to shift to a new kind of token offering, called the Security Token Offering (STO). ICOs and STOs are basically the same, wherein the STOs primarily strive to get registered and approved by the SEC and to follow their regulatory guidelines.
The Initial Exchange Offerings (IEO) or the Initial Exchange Coin Offerings (IECO) are a new breed of ICOs. They took off in late 2018, along with major exchanges pushing for stricter KYC and AML procedures on their platforms. One of the first to launch its own platform for the IEOs was Binance.
The IEOs come with several advantages compared to ICOs or STOs. First off, investors who are already registered with one of these exchanges, do not need to comply with any additional KYC or AML procedures which are normally required when investing in ICOs or STOs. Furthermore, investors do not need to withdraw their funds from the exchanges and risk losing them in the investment process.
These projects have to adhere to the exchanges' rules and policies, and also pass their thorough screening systems. They need to provide several applications and documents. This process is yet another benefit for investors since it manifests that the team behind the project is serious about it. The projects that have successfully applied for the launchpad, gain the full exposure to the user base of the exchange. For example, a project called BitTorrent had its token sale in January 2019 on Binance Launchpad and successfully raised $7.2 million in less than 15 minutes.
Exchanges offer new investment opportunities to their customers, attracting new potential clients. Exchanges also tend to require that the IEO sale is done through exchange's own tokens, boosting their utility in return.
Blockchain 101 | Part 6: Just How "Smart" Are Smart Contracts?


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Prodigy's Most Surprising Moment Started With One of the Oldest Trek Nerd Debates
How the sweet, silly, and shocking holodeck moment in "Kobayashi" came to be started out like all good Star Trek things: incredibly nerdily.
James Whitbrook
Dal faces quite the surprising challenge in this week's Star Trek: Prodigy, but he's not alone.
Image: Paramount+
Star Trek: Prodigy might first and foremost be intended to be an onboarding for young newcomers to the franchise, but that doesn't mean it's unafraid to throw in some deep cut references for older fans who are watching. This week's episode, "Kobayashi," is certainly no exception—and how one of its most surprising moments came about was suitably incredibly fannish.
In an episode of major reveals, perhaps the most delightful in "Kobayashi" is when Dal, eager to prove himself to his friends that as the Protostar's self-proclaimed captain they should listen to his every command, starts up the iconic Starfleet Academy test, the Kobayashi Maru, in the ship's holodeck. Unlike the last time we actually saw the test take place in the main Trek timeline in Wrath of Khan, or when we actually last saw it in the first Kelvin timeline movie, Star Trek 2009, putting the test through the holodeck instead of with a "live" crew to support the candidate meant that Prodigy could go buck wild with its own nerdy draft of what Dal asks the computer for: a selection of the very best officers in Star Trek history.
What he gets is a veritable, fannish who's who—the return of Scotty, Uhura, and Spock from the original series, and Deep Space Nine's Odo, through edited voice clips from their respective shows, and The Next Generation's Dr. Beverly Crusher, with Gates McFadden returning to the role for the first time in two decades. Who Dal then proceeds to get virtually killed over and over and over as he takes the infamous no-win scenario.
"I'm not gonna lie, it was probably one of the hardest writing experiences I've ever had," episode writer Aaron J. Waltke told Polygon about assembling the Kobayashi Maru holo-crew. "Obviously rewarding, but there were cases where I thought I had finally found the perfect line and then I would go track down the audio and the [actor] was just too far away from the 1960s microphones that were recording, or they were rattling something."
Waltke and the Prodigy team started hashing out just who would be part of Dal's dream team—despite Dal having no idea who any of these Federation officers actually are, having lived his entire life in the Delta Quadrant—just like Star Trek fans have since there's been multiple Star Trek shows to debate about: a fantasy draft of the ultimate bridge crew. Hell, even we've done that! Eventually though, the limitations of who could feasibly be brought back through archival recording (the fact that Dal needed to more directly interact with at least one officer lead to McFadden recording her new material) narrowed down the team's cast choices. And even from there, cuts had to be made—a planned appearance by TNG and DS9 icon Worf, for example.
But aside from the nostalgia and hard work of finding the right lines of dialogue to lift and give new context to, for Waltke the scenes with the old characters had to work on an emotional level for Dal, as he begins to learn the rigors of command. "We specifically pivoted it in a way that there's an irony there, so newer audiences can still be on the adventure with Dal. He's with this dream team and has no idea who any of them are, but senses that they're good at what they do," Waltke said. "He thinks 'aha,' finally I have a crew that I can work with,' only to find that the problem is with himself. So there's a story there that works whether or not you understand any of the Star Trek references at all. But the fun was, if we're gonna go there, why not pack as much stuff for the super-fans as we can? Let's just make this the Trekkiest Trek that ever Trekked."
Star Trek: Prodigy is streaming on Paramount+.
Wondering where our RSS feed went? You can pick the new one up here.
io9TelevisionStar Trek

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Well I know where I will be heading this weekend for lovely Spring fabrics. Spotlight has teamed up with Bondville favourites and Sydney inner west fabric designers Prints Charming on a great collection.
The Prints Charming collection for Spotlight is printed on cotton drill, 112cm wide and priced at $14.99 per metre. I'm thinking table cloth, cushions, sweet summer frocks for little girls. Those folk art-style birds and hearts are begging for some embroidery detail for a small clutch or pinafore pockets.
Let me know if you have picked up any, and if you have an projects on the boil. Feel free to link to them in the comments below.
Read more about Prints Charming here on Bondville.


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2400 Old Milton Parkway, Suite 1423
Maryland/DC/Virginia Office:
2851 Jessup Road, Suite 762
1-855-BLUE-222
contactus@blueflowers.org
Blue Flowers Org is a 501(c)(3) tax-exempt non-profit organization. TAX ID 47-2370655
See photos of the 2018 Prostate Cancer Care 360™ Summit.
© Copyright Blue Flowers Org 2014-2019. All Rights Reserved.
Designed by Think and Ink Grant Consulting™ DESIGNS
Linking Disclaimer
Non-Discrimination Policy and Disclosure
Co-Founder and Chief Executive Officer
We are a family of women who supported Gilbert in his fight against prostate cancer and seek to empower other women supporting the men in their lives. We are committed to winning the fight against prostate cancer, and empowering others as women, men, and families together as one.
Blue Flowers was co-founded by caregivers Valerie Crawford-Schiele and Shavonn Richardson, the daughter and granddaughter of Gilbert Eugene Crawford, Sr. Our leadership is comprised of our founders, Board of Directors, Medical Advisory Board and staff. We are tasked to lead the way in continuing the legacy of Gilbert Eugene Crawford, Sr. and to be of service to families affected by prostate cancer.
Blue Flowers was founded in honor of Valerie's father Gilbert Eugene Crawford, Sr. who passed after a 12-year courageous battle against prostate cancer. As her father's primary caregiver, she personally navigated all levels of the healthcare system, advocating on his behalf for the best available care and service delivery.
As an educator for over 17 years, Valerie leads our awareness initiatives and is responsible for marketing and donor engagement. She is the former Education and Scholarship Chair for Top Ladies of Distinction, Inc. (TLOD), Prince George's County, MD Chapter. She was selected as a Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History Fellow at Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom. Prior to her career as an educator, Valerie worked in the fashion industry.
Valerie is currently a United States History and African-American History teacher in the Prince George's County Public Schools system in Maryland. She earned her BS degree in Marketing from the Fashion Institute of Technology (FIT) in New York City. She holds a Masters of Education degree (M.Ed.) from Cambridge College, Cambridge, MA.
She is married to Dr. Jerome Schiele, a university professor and administrator.
valerie.crawford-schiele@blueflowers.org
Phone: 1-855-BLUE-222 EXT 700
Valerie Crawford-Schiele, M.Ed.
Shavonn Richardson, MBA, Certified Grant Writer ®
Co-Founder and Chief Operating Officer
Shavonn Richardson is the granddaughter of Gilbert Eugene Crawford, Sr. and Co-Founder and Chief Operations Officer at Blue Flowers Org. She is also a Certified Grant Writer® and founder of Think and Ink Grant Consulting™ which provides grant writing services to nonprofit organizations.
In 2015, Shavonn's work was recognized by former President Barack H. Obama as she received the President's Volunteer Service Award. She is also a member of The Junior League of Atlanta and serves on the Community Needs Assessment Committee.
Shavonn is a member of and abides by the professional standards set forth by the Grant Professionals Association. She regularly contributes to the advancement of grant professionals and speaks at conferences. She is a 2017 Association of Fundraising Professionals Diversity Fellow.
Shavonn earned a BBA from Howard University and MBA from the Goizueta Business School at Emory University. She resides in Milton, GA with her husband and two children.
shavonn.richardson@blueflowers.org


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Q: how to configure Content-Security-Policy dotnet I would like to seek help. Im currently configuring the Content-Security-Policy for an existing web app for some owasp works. However, im unable to find there the csp is being created or configured.
This is the generated report from owasp
default-src 'self'; script-src 'self' ; style-src 'self' 'unsafe-inline' ; img-src 'self' data:; font-src 'self' data:; report-uri https://121.23.142.1/onb21_owasp/IdentityServer/csp/report

Im also using postman for some tests and found out that there are some customheaders

As you can see on the image there are 3 custom headers but on the middle one, is the one i can configure or change it's value. but what i need to change are the top and bottom value. i could not find any lead pointing to CSP.
Could it be that the top and bottom custom headers are dynamically generated?

A: you can add dynamically meta tags from code behind

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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German Resistance Memorial Center
- Memorial Center
German Resistance Memorial Center History
Memorial Center
Site of Remembrance
GDW Digital
The German Resistance Memorial Center is located in the Bendler Block in Berlin's Mitte district, at the historic site of the attempted coup of July 20, 1944. On July 20, 1952, on the initiative of relatives of the resistance fighters of July 20, 1944, Eva Olbricht, widow of General Friedrich Olbricht, laid the cornerstone for a memorial in the courtyard of the Bendler Block. July 20, 1953, Berlin's mayor Ernst Reuter unveiled the monument created by Professor Richard Scheibe, the bronze figure of a young man with his hands bound. On July 20, 1955, the former Bendlerstrasse was ceremoniously renamed "Stauffenbergstrasse." On July 20, 1962, Berlin's mayor Franz Amrehn unveiled a plaque in the commemorative courtyard bearing the names of the officers executed there by a firing squad on July 20, 1944.
On the initiative of the circle of resistance fighters of July 20, 1944, the Berlin Senate in 1967 resolved to establish a memorial and educational center intended to inform the public about resistance to National Socialism. The permanent exhibition developed under the direction of historian Friedrich Zipfel was then opened on July 20, 1968. In 1979, the parties in Berlin's state parliament reached agreement on the proposal to expand the memorial and educational center. In 1980, the commemorative courtyard was remodeled according to a design by Professor Erich Reusch. The following inscription was engraved in the wall of the entrance to the commemorative courtyard:
"Here in the former Army High Command, Germans organized the attempt to overthrow the lawless National Socialist regime on July 20, 1944. For this they sacrificed their lives."
Since 1989, the German Resistance Memorial Center's permanent exhibition has been a central site of remembrance in Germany, providing extensive documentation of the motives, aims, and forms of the fight against the National Socialist dictatorship.
The commemorative courtyard of the German Resistance Memorial Center.


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Home > Issues > Issue 55 > Hershel Shanks and the Dead Sea Scrolls
Hershel Shanks and the Dead Sea Scrolls
Issue 55, Blog, Israel
One of the most successful archaeological magazines in the world is one that most British readers will not have heard of: Biblical Archaeology Review with a circulation of more than 150,000 subscribers. It deals with the archaeology of the Bible and is full of fascinating articles such as: Is this the room where Jesus turned water into wine? But it is all done on a solid archaeological basis from a delightful semi-sceptical point of view. Now its editor, founder, and owner, the inimitable Hershel Shanks has written his autobiography entitled Freeing the Dead Sea Scrolls: and other adventures of an archaeology outsider.
Hershel, whom I last met on a river boat in New Orleans at a meeting of the Archaeological Institute of America, is a Jewish Washington lawyer. He was born in 1930 to a small shopkeeper in Sharon, Pennsylvania – his father came from Kiev. He was not at first a brilliant scholar but he improved, and having been to several universities, each more prestigious than the one before, he ended up in Harvard Law School. He then joined a law firm – where he earned a reputation as a pugnacious litigator. He decided to take a year's sabbatical and went to Jerusalem to write a novel. He wrote 300 pages and then realised he was not a novelist. But by now he had become hooked on archaeology, so instead he wrote a guidebook: City of David – a guide to biblical Jerusalem.
He then returned to Washington, resumed the law, but determined to write about archaeology. He had difficulty in finding any suitable outlet, so he decided to publish his own newsletter, to be called the Biblical Archaeology Review, devoted to ideas, not pictures, focusing on 'the new, the unusual, and the controversial'.
The magazine launched in 1975, and at the end of the first year had accrued 3,000 subscribers. But then he realised that some nice pictures might be a good idea, so next year he added a four-page colour section. The following year he began to employ staff and also achieved his first major notoriety by publishing an article on the Cardo at Jerusalem where the excavator refused to supply a photograph. So they published a blank space instead, with an explanation of why it was blank. The excavator was not pleased. (It is an idea I was tempted to adopt myself from time to time when a contributor was less than helpful with photographs).
Two years later they went up to a bigger magazine format, and in 1982 they went into colour throughout: their circulation rose to around 20,000. All this time, Hershel continued to work as a lawyer but he spent less and less time on the law and finally in 1987 he bowed to the inevitable, and became a full-time publisher and editor.
His big breakthrough came over his crusade for the Dead Sea Scrolls. The Dead Sea Scrolls had been retrieved in the 1940s and 1950s and an informal Scrolls team was set up to publish them, funded by John D Rockefeller. But with Rockefeller's death in 1960, the rate of publication declined.
Then in 1967 came the Six-Day War when the Israelis captured the Palestine Archaeological Museum where the Scrolls were housed and renamed it the Rockefeller Museum. Not wishing to antagonise the mainly Catholic Scrolls team, the Israeli authorities acquiesced in the status quo, but by 1985 the slow rate of publication had all but dried up, for the team were sitting on the Scrolls and not allowing anyone else to see them. Hershel became a vocal critic of the team.
Then Hershel saw a way to break the embargo. From the early days, a Concordance had been prepared: all the words that occur in the Scrolls were listed, together with their context. Initially this was done on a set of record cards, but then in 1988 the record cards were photographed, and a very limited edition was published, strictly for the use of the editors. Hershel got hold of a copy, and a young scholar set to work with his computer and soon the entire text could be reconstructed. In 1991, what Hershel called fascicle one of the 'Preliminary Edition' was published, to howls of outrage at what was called 'stealing'.
However, the real crisis came two years later, when he published a two-volume set with a combative 'Publisher's Foreword', in which he referred to a commentary on one of the texts, naming one of the authors and not the other. The young scholar (Elisha Qimran) claimed that his copyright had been impugned and sued in the Israeli courts even though the book had been published in America.
Much to Shanks's chagrin, the young scholar won, and was awarded $40,000 in costs, which, with payment of lawyers' fees, meant that Hershel had to pay out some $100,000 in all. Needless to say, Israeli justice does not come out well in Hershel Shanks's account
But though Hershel Shanks lost in the courts, he did very well commercially. Unfortunately what should, for me, be the most interesting part of his autobiography – how the circulation went from somewhere around 20,000 subscribers to something I believe approaching 200,000 subscribers – is missing from the book; but clearly one way to achieve massive publicity and commercial success is to have a huge lawsuit brought against you and lose: not to my taste, thank you – but it works!
This article is an extract from the full article published in World Archaeology Issue 55. Click here to subscribe
Previous Vampires, Slayers, And False Accusations Next Ricardo Agurcia: How Copan is leading the way


A guy by the name of T.V. Smith gave a lecture to the National Conference on Social Welfare back in 1955 entitled "Solve, Resolve, Absolve".
What he said was that problems occur at three levels and we, humans, get ourselves into trouble when we confuse the levels.
First, there are problems that can be solved. They are problems that follow Natural laws or logic. A water molecule is make up of two atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen, H2O, or 2+2=4.
Second, there are problems that are a matter of preference or taste. What flavor of ice cream do you like best, vanilla or chocolate? Who will make a better President, Obama or McCain? There is no objective answer, disagreements and contradictions have to be resolved. There has to be compromise.
Third, there are problems that can only be absolved. A person driving down a busy residential street accidentally runs over and kills a two year old child who darts into traffic between two parked cars. Nothing can bring the life of the child back or compensate the parents for their loss. There is no solution or resolution to this problem only absolution.
Using the right management strategy for the problem at is own level can make all the difference in the world in the search for truth and meaning. Looking for truth at the first level in a political discussion not only won't work but is inappropriate, right? etc.
Wonderful! To bad more people don't appreciate the distinction.
I agree Chris but then half of the talk shows would be out of business. This simple model would eliminate 90% of the blather that fills our media these days.


Finishing strong is a quality great salespeople possess; they know what strings to pull when it counts and what's between them and hitting the mark.
Put the cutesy sales stuff on hold and be direct with your prospects. Never compromise your professionalism, because the world will continue to spin and your reputation will stick with you after the quarter ends, but be clear with people and generally they'll respond positively to that candor.
Is the prospect looking for conditions you can leverage for a signature in the short term? What kinds of hurdles can you help them clear so you can clear your own?
This will also help you determine how far you have to go and whether it's worth the effort to land that prospect or you should focus on opportunities that might be closer to the finish line.
That big opportunity you've been working on? The one that you always seem to be progressing but just hasn't seemed to turn the corner for some reason? That if you land it, you'll have almost completely made your goal?
Forget it. At least for now.
There still may be an opportunity for that deal, but that's next quarter's work. The next few days are about closing what's within reach, and wasting time on wishful-thinking scenarios will likely leave you high and dry and with nothing to show for it.
Of course, each opportunity is different and each sales person has their own feel for a situation, so if you can close the deal, close it! But beware of those pipe-dream scenarios that are all bark and no bite.
I don't need to tell you this, but you can't add any more hours to the day, so effective prioritizing is a must. Making your time count is the name of the game, and if you do it well you can maximize wins with the time you have.
It starts with objectively assessing what's in the pipeline and what you can close now. If you're already over those pipeline pipe-dreams, structure what you have left to best use your time and energy. Can you leverage time zones or other conditions affecting your prospects to your advantage? Are there things you can do outside of normal business hours that will free up some time during the day?
Even things like what you eat and how you operate can make a difference when you're maximizing output. If can take actions as small as spending a few minutes before bed making a salad for lunch the next day, the time you save on getting takeout or walking to the store might be worthwhile.
Even the best laid plans must be adapted, and whether or not you can adjust in real time is a game-breaker. That doesn't mean you need to deviate from your approach, but be prepared to shuffle things around or make sacrifices when necessary. The end of the quarter is usually busy for everyone, especially if you're in B2B, so anticipate twists and try to turn them into sweet music whenever possible.
The same is true in poker as in sales — you don't want to put all your cards on the table right away. But good players know how and when to play their cards, and don't go down with a good one up their sleeve.
Have an executive that could place a call to push that potential deal? Is there an engineer or subject matter expert you could tap into to add some meat to your pitch? Been saving some sweeteners or conditions just in case?
Now might be the time to play that card if you have it. Obviously this depends on how you assess your prospects and their worth, but if the opportunity presents itself, make a play and let the chips fall where they may.
Closing out a sales quarter brings into focus many big challenges of being in sales, which is why closing with a vengeance is as much about mindset and attitude as anything else. If you focus, plan and play your cards right (with a little improvisation when needed), you have a good chance of coming out with that winning outcome you're after.
Use these tips with our eBook 8 Steps to Close Your Quarter Strong for maximum effect!
The end of the sales quarter is closing in and one of two things will happen: Win or Lose. Here are 5 tips for closing out with a vengeance!


text:
Q: An application of Radon-Nicodym theorem Consider $M$ be the $\sigma -$algebra of Lebesgue measurable sets and $\mu $
the Lebesgue measure. Denote by $P$ the set of $p-$measurable sets, that is
the sets $A\in \mathcal{P}\left(
\mathbb{R}
\right) $ such that the set
\begin{equation*}
\left\{ x\in \left[ 0,1\right] \mid 1+x^{2}\in A\right\}
\end{equation*}
is $M_{\left[ 0,1\right] \text{ }}-$measurable. Prove
(a) the function
\begin{equation*}
\nu :A\rightarrow \left[ 0,\infty \right] ,
\quad
\nu \left( A\right) =\mu \left( \left\{ x\in \left[ 0,1\right] \mid
1+x^{2}\in A\right\} \right)
\end{equation*}
is a complete measure and
(b) show that
$$
\int_{\left[ 0,\infty \right) }\sqrt{x}d\nu \left( x\right) =\int_{\left[ 0,1%
\right] }\sqrt{x^{2}+1}d\mu \left( x\right)
$$
and compute
$$
\int_{\left[ 0,\infty \right) }\sqrt{x}d\nu \left( x\right) .
$$
Let's say that for the part (a) is an easy verification of definitions: the image of the empty set is $0$, $\nu$ is countable additive and for all $Z$ in A with $\nu(Z)=0$, every subset of $Z$ lies in $A$. For the second part, I don't know how to apply the Radon-Nycodim theorem to prove the equality from b. I think that the last integral can be computed using the equality above and the fact that the RHS integral is equal with Riemann integral of the function $\sqrt{x^2+1}$ on $[0,1]$. Am I right?

A: By definition $\int f d\nu =\int f(1+x^{2})d\mu$ when $f=I_A$. This implies that the equation holds for simple functions and then for all non-negative Borel measurable functions, In particular it holds for $f(x)=\sqrt x$. Thus $\int \sqrt x d\nu =\int \sqrt {1+x^{2}} d\mu$. (Evaluation of $\int \sqrt {1+x^{2}} d\mu$ is standard: You can write it as $x\sqrt {1+x^{2}}|_0^{1}-\frac 1  2\int \frac x {\sqrt {1+x^{2}}} d\mu (x)$ and then make the substitution $y=1+x^{2}$).


text:
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						{{else}}
						<option value={{option.value}}>{{option.title}}</option>
						{{/if}}
					{{/each}}
				</select>

</template>

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Addison's disease, also known as primary adrenal insufficiency, is a rare long-term endocrine disorder characterized by inadequate production of the steroid hormones cortisol and aldosterone by the two outer layers of the cells of the adrenal glands (adrenal cortex), causing adrenal insufficiency. Symptoms generally come on slowly and insidiously and may include abdominal pain and gastrointestinal abnormalities, weakness, and weight loss. Darkening of the skin in certain areas may also occur. Under certain circumstances, an adrenal crisis may occur with low blood pressure, vomiting, lower back pain, and loss of consciousness. Mood changes may also occur. Rapid onset of symptoms indicates acute adrenal  failure, which is a clinical emergency. An adrenal crisis can be triggered by stress, such as from an injury, surgery, or infection. Addison's disease can affect individuals of any age and gender, but it is more commonly diagnosed in individuals between the ages of 30 and 50 years.

Addison's disease arises from problems with the adrenal gland such that not enough of the steroid hormone cortisol and possibly aldosterone are produced. It is an autoimmune disease which affects some genetically predisposed people in whom the body's own immune system has started to target the adrenal gland. While it can follow tuberculosis, in many adult cases it is unclear what has triggered onset of the disease. Causes can include certain medications, sepsis, and bleeding into both adrenal glands. Addison's disease is generally diagnosed by blood tests, urine tests, and medical imaging (adrenal crises can occur in all forms of adrenal insufficiency)

Treatment involves replacing the absent hormones. This involves taking a synthetic corticosteroid, such as hydrocortisone or fludrocortisone. These medications are usually taken by mouth. Lifelong, continuous steroid replacement therapy is required, with regular follow-up treatment and monitoring for other health problems. A high-salt diet may also be useful in some people. If symptoms worsen, an injection of corticosteroid is recommended (people need to carry a dose with them). Often, large amounts of intravenous fluids with the sugar dextrose are also required. With appropriate treatment, long-term outcomes are typically favorable, and most people are able to lead a reasonably normal life.  Without treatment, an adrenal crisis can result in death.

Addison's disease affects about 9 to 14 per 100,000 people in the developed world. It occurs most frequently in middle-aged females. Secondary adrenal insufficiency is more prevalent. The disease is named after Thomas Addison, a graduate of the University of Edinburgh Medical School, who first described the condition in 1855 (the adjective "addisonian" is sometimes also used).

Signs and symptoms

The symptoms of Addison's disease generally develop gradually. Symptoms may include fatigue, muscle weakness, weight loss, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, lightheadedness upon standing, irritability, depression, and diarrhea. Some people have cravings for salty foods due to the loss of sodium through their urine. Hyperpigmentation of the skin may be seen, particularly when the person lives in a sunny area, as well as darkening of the palmar crease, sites of friction, recent scars, the vermilion border of the lips, and genital skin. These skin changes are not encountered in secondary and tertiary hypoadrenalism.
 Skin changes
 Hyperpigmentation of the skin
 Vitiligo
 Gastrointestinal changes
 Nausea and vomiting
 Weight loss
 Abdominal pain
 Less common but still occurring: malnutrition and muscle wasting
 Behavioral disorders
 Anxiety
 Depression
 Irritability
 Poor concentration
 Changes in females
 Loss or irregularity of menstrual cycle
 Loss of body hair
 Decreased sexual drive

On physical examination, these clinical signs may be noticed:
 Low blood pressure with or without orthostatic hypotension (blood pressure that decreases with standing)
 Darkening (hyperpigmentation) of the skin, including areas not exposed to the sun – characteristic sites of darkening are skin creases (e.g., of the hands), nipple, and the inside of the cheek (buccal mucosa); also, old scars may darken. This occurs because melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) and ACTH share the same precursor molecule, pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC). After production in the anterior pituitary gland, POMC gets cleaved into gamma-MSH, ACTH, and beta-lipotropin. The subunit ACTH undergoes further cleavage to produce alpha-MSH, the most important MSH for skin pigmentation. In secondary and tertiary forms of adrenal insufficiency, skin darkening does not occur, as ACTH is not overproduced.

Addison's disease is associated with the development of other autoimmune diseases, such as type I diabetes, thyroid disease (Hashimoto's thyroiditis), celiac disease, or vitiligo. Addison's disease may be the only manifestation of undiagnosed celiac disease. Both diseases share the same genetic risk factors (HLA-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8 haplotypes).

The presence of Addison's in addition to mucocutaneous candidiasis, hypoparathyroidism, or both, is called autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1. The presence of Addison's in addition to autoimmune thyroid disease, type 1 diabetes, or both, is called autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 2.

Adrenal crisis

An "adrenal crisis" or "addisonian crisis" is a constellation of symptoms that indicates severe adrenal insufficiency. This may be the result of either previously undiagnosed Addison's disease, a disease process suddenly affecting adrenal function (such as adrenal hemorrhage), or an intercurrent problem (e.g., infection, trauma) in someone known to have Addison's disease. It is a medical emergency and potentially life-threatening situation requiring immediate emergency treatment.

Characteristic symptoms are:
 Sudden penetrating pain in the legs, lower back, or abdomen
 Severe vomiting and diarrhea, resulting in dehydration
 Low blood pressure
 Syncope (loss of consciousness and ability to stand)
 Hypoglycemia (reduced level of blood glucose)
 Confusion, psychosis, slurred speech
 Severe lethargy
 Hyponatremia (low sodium level in the blood)
 Hyperkalemia (elevated potassium level in the blood)
 Hypercalcemia (elevated calcium level in the blood)
 Convulsions
 Fever

Causes

Causes of adrenal insufficiency can be categorized by the mechanism through which they cause the adrenal glands to produce insufficient cortisol. This can be due to damage or destruction of the adrenal cortex. These deficiencies include glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid hormones as well. These are adrenal dysgenesis (the gland has not formed adequately during development), impaired steroidogenesis (the gland is present but is biochemically unable to produce cortisol), or adrenal destruction (disease processes leading to glandular damage).

Adrenal destruction
Autoimmune adrenalitis is the most common cause of Addison's disease in the industrialized world. Autoimmune destruction of the adrenal cortex is caused by an immune reaction against the enzyme 21-hydroxylase (a phenomenon first described in 1992). This may be isolated or in the context of autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome (APS type 1 or 2), in which other hormone-producing organs, such as the thyroid and pancreas, may also be affected.

Adrenal destruction is also a feature of adrenoleukodystrophy, and when the adrenal glands are involved in metastasis (seeding of cancer cells from elsewhere in the body, especially lung), hemorrhage (e.g., in Waterhouse–Friderichsen syndrome or antiphospholipid syndrome), particular infections (tuberculosis, histoplasmosis, coccidioidomycosis), or the deposition of abnormal protein in amyloidosis.

Adrenal dysgenesis
All causes in this category are genetic, and generally very rare. These include mutations to the SF1 transcription factor, congenital adrenal hypoplasia  due to DAX-1 gene mutations and mutations to the ACTH receptor gene (or related genes, such as in the Triple-A or Allgrove syndrome). DAX-1 mutations may cluster in a syndrome with glycerol kinase deficiency with a number of other symptoms when DAX-1 is deleted together with a number of other genes.

Impaired steroidogenesis
To form cortisol, the adrenal gland requires cholesterol, which is then converted biochemically into steroid hormones. Interruptions in the delivery of cholesterol include Smith–Lemli–Opitz syndrome and abetalipoproteinemia.Of the synthesis problems, congenital adrenal hyperplasia is the most common (in various forms: 21-hydroxylase, 17α-hydroxylase, 11β-hydroxylase and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase), lipoid CAH due to deficiency of StAR and mitochondrial DNA mutations. Some medications interfere with steroid synthesis enzymes (e.g., ketoconazole), while others accelerate the normal breakdown of hormones by the liver (e.g., rifampicin, phenytoin).

Diagnosis

Suggestive features
Routine laboratory investigations may show:
 Low blood sugar (worse in children due to loss of glucocorticoid's glucogenic effects)
 Low blood sodium, due to loss of production of the hormone aldosterone, to the kidney's inability to excrete free water in the absence of sufficient cortisol, and also the effect of corticotropin-releasing hormone to stimulate secretion of ADH.
 High blood potassium, due to loss of production of the hormone aldosterone.
 Eosinophilia and lymphocytosis (increased number of eosinophils or lymphocytes, two types of white blood cells)
 Metabolic acidosis (increased blood acidity), also is due to loss of the hormone aldosterone because sodium reabsorption in the distal tubule is linked with acid/hydrogen ion (H+) secretion. Absent or insufficient levels of aldosterone stimulation of the renal distal tubule lead to sodium wasting in the urine and H+ retention in the serum.

Testing

In suspected cases of Addison's disease, demonstration of low adrenal hormone levels even after appropriate stimulation (called the ACTH stimulation test or synacthen test) with synthetic pituitary ACTH hormone tetracosactide is needed for the diagnosis. Two tests are performed, the short and the long test. Dexamethasone does not cross-react with the assay and can be administered concomitantly during testing.

The short test compares blood cortisol levels before and after 250 micrograms of tetracosactide (intramuscular or intravenous) is given. If one hour later, plasma cortisol exceeds 170 nmol/L and has risen by at least 330 nmol/L to at least 690 nmol/L, adrenal failure is excluded. If the short test is abnormal, the long test is used to differentiate between primary adrenal insufficiency and secondary adrenocortical insufficiency.

The long test uses 1mg tetracosactide (intramuscular). Blood is taken 1, 4, 8, and 24 hours later.  Normal plasma cortisol level should reach 1,000 nmol/L by 4 hours. In primary Addison's disease, the cortisol level is reduced at all stages, whereas in secondary corticoadrenal insufficiency, a delayed but normal response is seen. Other tests may be performed to distinguish between various causes of hypoadrenalism, including renin and adrenocorticotropic hormone levels, as well as medical imaging – usually in the form of ultrasound, computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging.

Adrenoleukodystrophy, and the milder form, adrenomyeloneuropathy, cause adrenal insufficiency combined with neurological symptoms. These diseases are estimated to be the cause of adrenal insufficiency in about 35% of diagnosed males with idiopathic Addison's disease and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of any male with adrenal insufficiency. Diagnosis is made by a blood test to detect very long-chain fatty acids.

Treatment

Maintenance
Treatment for Addison's disease involves replacing the missing cortisol, sometimes in the form of hydrocortisone tablets, or prednisone tablets in a dosing regimen that mimics the physiological concentrations of cortisol. Alternatively, one-quarter as much prednisolone may be used for equal glucocorticoid effect as hydrocortisone. Treatment is usually lifelong. In addition, many people require fludrocortisone as a replacement for the missing aldosterone.

People with Addison's are often advised to carry information on them (e.g., in the form of a MedicAlert bracelet or information card) for the attention of emergency medical services personnel who might need to attend to their needs. A needle, syringe, and injectable form of cortisol are also recommended to be carried for emergencies. People with Addison's disease are advised to increase their medication during periods of illness or when undergoing surgery or dental treatment. Immediate medical attention is needed when severe infections, vomiting, or diarrhea occur, as these conditions can precipitate an Addisonian crisis. A person who is vomiting may require injections of hydrocortisone, instead.

Those with low aldosterone levels may also benefit from a high-sodium diet. It may also be beneficial for the people with Addison's disease to increase their dietary intake of calcium and vitamin D. High dosages of corticosteroids are linked to osteoporosis so these may be necessary for bone health. Sources of calcium include dairy products, leafy greens, and fortified flours among many others. Vitamin D can be obtained through the sun, oily fish, red meat, and egg yolks among many others. Though there are many sources to obtain vitamin D through diet, supplements are also an option.

Crisis
Standard therapy involves intravenous injections of glucocorticoids and large volumes of intravenous saline solution with dextrose (glucose). This treatment usually brings rapid improvement. If intravenous access is not immediately available, intramuscular injection of glucocorticoids can be used. When the person can take fluids and medications by mouth, the amount of glucocorticoids is decreased until a maintenance dose is reached. If aldosterone is deficient, maintenance therapy also includes oral doses of fludrocortisone acetate.

Prognosis
Outcomes are typically good when treated. Most people can expect to live relatively normal lives. Someone with the disease should be observant of symptoms of an "Addison's crisis" while the body is strained, as in rigorous exercise or being sick, the latter often needing emergency treatment with intravenous injections to treat the crisis.

Individuals with Addison's disease have more than a doubled mortality rate. Furthermore, individuals with Addison's disease and diabetes mellitus have an almost four-fold increase in mortality compared to individuals with only diabetes. The risk ratio for cause mortality in males and females is 2.19 and 2.86, respectively.

Death from individuals with Addison's disease often occurs due to cardiovascular disease, infectious disease, and malignant tumors, among other possibilities.

Epidemiology
The frequency rate of Addison's disease in the human population is sometimes estimated at one in 100,000. Some put the number closer to 40–144 cases per million population (1/25,000–1/7,000). Addison's can affect persons of any age, sex, or ethnicity, but it typically presents in adults between 30 and 50 years of age. Research has shown no significant predispositions based on ethnicity. About 70% of Addison's disease diagnoses occur due to autoimmune reactions, which cause damage to the adrenal cortex.

History
Addison's disease is named after Thomas Addison, the British physician who first described the condition in On the Constitutional and Local Effects of Disease of the Suprarenal Capsules (1855). He originally described it as "melasma suprarenale", but later physicians gave it the medical eponym "Addison's disease" in recognition of Addison's discovery.

While the six under Addison in 1855 all had adrenal tuberculosis, the term "Addison's disease" does not imply an underlying disease process.

The condition was initially considered a form of anemia associated with the adrenal glands. Because little was known at the time about the adrenal glands (then called "Supra-Renal Capsules"), Addison's monograph describing the condition was an isolated insight. As the adrenal function became better known, Addison's monograph became known as an important medical contribution and a classic example of careful medical observation. Tuberculosis used to be a major cause of Addison's disease and acute adrenal failure worldwide. It remains a leading cause in developing countries today.

US president John F. Kennedy suffered from complications of Addison's Disease throughout his life, including during his presidency, resulting in fatigue and hyperpigmentation of the face.

Other animals

Hypoadrenocorticism is uncommon in dogs, and rare in cats, with less than 40 known feline cases worldwide, since first documented in 1983. Individual cases have been reported in a grey seal, a red panda, a flying fox, and a sloth.

In dogs, hypoadrenocorticism has been diagnosed in many breeds. Vague symptoms, which wax and wane, can cause delay in recognition of the presence of the disease. Female dogs appear more affected than male dogs, though this may not be the case in all breeds. The disease is most often diagnosed in dogs that are young to middle-aged, but it can occur at any age from 4 months to 14 years. Treatment of hypoadrenocorticism must replace the hormones (cortisol and aldosterone) which the dog cannot produce itself. This is achieved either by daily treatment with fludrocortisone, or monthly injections with desoxycorticosterone pivalate (DOCP) and daily treatment with a glucocorticoid, such as prednisone. Several follow-up blood tests are required so  the dose can be adjusted until the dog is receiving the correct amount of treatment, because the medications used in the therapy of hypoadrenocorticism can cause excessive thirst and urination if not prescribed at the lowest effective dose. In anticipation of stressful situations, such as staying in a boarding kennel, dogs require an increased dose of prednisone. Lifelong treatment is required, but the prognosis for dogs with hypoadrenocorticism is very good.

References

External links

Adrenal gland disorders
Endocrine-related cutaneous conditions
Medical emergencies
Wikipedia medicine articles ready to translate
Wikipedia neurology articles ready to translate
Diseases named for discoverer


: "The Proverbs & Epigrams of John Heywood," A. D. 1562. I want to put this book on my Christmas list because it is frequently quoted and it would be nice to have the original source. The problem is, I've done searches on used book sites and have gotten prices ranging from $1.50 + shipping for a used hardback to $115 for a reprint to $300. What's the deal here? Is there more than one version or what?
I'm sure there are many more editions. I didn't look very hard. I don't have ISBN info for the last three, but you should be able to get that information and more from Bowker's Global Books In Print. I don't have an account, or I'd do the search for you. You could ask your local library.