text:
\section{Introduction}

Hamiltonian systems on symplectic manifolds are the natural framework for classical mechanics and statistical physics, and the starting point for their quantum counterparts \cite{Bravetti2017entropy}. As models for conservative systems, they have been extensively studied \cite{Arnold2013mathematical}. Hamiltonian systems on contact manifolds are an appropriate scenario for certain dissipative systems \cite{DeLeon2019}. Contact Hamiltonian systems are not only an odd dimensional counterpart of symplectic cases, but also contain rich geometric structures. In recent years, contact Hamiltonian systems have attracted a lot of attentions. For example, they are used for the study of thermodynamics \cite{Bravetti2019contact}, optimal control \cite{Ramirez2016partial} and fluid mechanics \cite{Ghrist2007contact}. Some theories such as weak KAM theory \cite{Wang2019aubry}, complete integrability \cite{Boyer2011completely,Visinescu2017contact} and variational principle \cite{Wang2019variational,Liu2018contact} for contact Hamiltonian systems have been developed recently. Contact algorithms are also proposed to simulate such systems \cite{Vermeeren2019contact}.

Stochastic dynamical systems can be regarded as models that take into account the influence of the random environment \cite{Duan}. There are recent studies on Hamiltonian systems with random perturbations; for example, Brin-Freidlin \cite{Brin2000stochastic} and MacKay \cite{mackay2010langevin}. A stochastic Hamiltonian system preserving symplectic structure was proposed by Bismut \cite{Bi}. Following this framework, Li \cite{Li} and Wei \cite{Pingyuan2019} discussed averaging principles for completely integrable stochastic Hamiltonian systems. Moreover, the symplectic structure-preserving numerical algorithms are developed. For example, Wang et al. \cite{wang2009dynamics} designed a stochastic variational integrator using Hamilton's principle.

Integrability is a topic worth discussing in dynamical systems. The famous Arnold-Liouville theorem describes a connection between completely integrable Hamiltonian systems and toric geometry in the symplectic setting\cite{Boyer2011completely}. Under the hypothesis of Arnold-Liouville theorem, a Hamiltonian system can be expressed by the action-angle coordinate, such that a first integral only depends on the action variable, while the angle variable changes on torus\cite{Arnold2013mathematical}. As mentioned earlier, a contact version of complete integrability has been stuided recently.

In this paper, we devise a class of stochastic contact Hamiltonian systems which preserve contact structures. Then we provide a sufficient condition under which these stochastic contact Hamiltonian systems are completely integrable.

This paper is organized as follows. In section 2, we present a class of stochastic contact Hamiltonian systems. In section 3, we demonstrate that the phase flow of these systems preserve contact structures. The key idea of the proof is a chain rule that holds for Stratonovitch differentials. In section 4, we show that a class of stochastic contact Hamiltonian systems are completely integrable. Finally, we present two illustrative examples. In particular, we establish the generalized contact action-angle coordinates in the second example.

\section{Stochastic Contact Hamiltonian Systems}

A smooth $(2n+1)$-dimensional differential manifold $M$ is said to be a contact manifold if it is equipped with a contact structure, which is a nondegenerate $1$-form $\eta$ such that $\eta\wedge (d\eta)^n$ is a volume form (i.e., it is nonzero at each point of $M$).

Given a smooth (Hamiltonian) function $H_0$ and a family of $d$ smooth (Hamiltonian) functions $\{ H_k \}_{k=1}^{d}$ on $M$. The corresponding contact Hamiltonian vector fields, denoted by $X_{H_0}$ and $X_{H_k}$ $(k=1,2,...,d)$, are defined through the following intrinsic relations \cite{Bravetti2017contact}
\begin{align}\label{Ham}
H_i=\iota_{X_{H_i}}\eta\;\;\;\;\text{and}\;\;\;\;dH_i=-\iota_{X_{H_i}}d\eta+\mathcal{R}(H_i)\eta
\end{align}
for $i=0,1,\cdots,d$, where $\mathcal{R}$ is Reeb vector field (which is the unique vector field such that $\iota_{\mathcal{R}}\eta=1$ and $\iota_{\mathcal{R}}d\eta=0$).

We propose the following stochastic contact Hamiltonian system:
\begin{equation}\label{Equation-1}
dx_t=X_{H_0}(x_t)dt+\sum_{k=1}^d X_{H_k} (x_t) \circ dB_t^k , ~ x(t_0)=x_0\in M,
\end{equation}
where $\{B_t^k\}_{k=1}^d$ are pairwise independent Brownian motions on a probability space $( \Omega , \mathscr{F}, P)$ and $``\circ"$ stands for Stratonovitch differentials. We call $X_{H_0}$ the drift vector field and $X_{H_k}$ the diffusion vector fields.

\begin{remark}
Notice that we have chosen to write \eqref{Equation-1} in Stratonovich rather than It\^o stochastic differentials. This is mainly because Stratonovich differentials has the advantage of leading to ordinary chain rule of the Newton-Leibniz type under coordinates transformation. Such a property offers some reduction in calculations, and makes the Stratonovich differential natural to use especially in connection with stochastic differential equations on manifolds.
We also note that Brownian motions in \eqref{Equation-1} can be extended to more general stochastic processes, for example L\'evy processes or semimartingales. Accordingly, the Stratonovich differentials should be replaced by Marcus differentials.

\end{remark}

\begin{remark}
Formally, equation \eqref{Equation-1} can be rewritten in the form of a Hamiltonian system
$
\frac{d}{dt}x_t=X_{\tilde{H}}(x_t)
$
with a ``randomized'' contact Hamiltonian $\tilde{H}=H_0+\sum_{k=1}^dH_kw_t^k$, where $w_t$ is an $d$-dimensional noise (which is a Gaussian white noise for the Brownian case). One may regard this as a contact Hamiltonian within the external world. A ``deterministic" contact Hamiltonian system with Hamiltonian $H_0$ is considered as a dissipative mechanical system. The stochastic part in \eqref{Equation-1} is introduced to characterize the complicated interaction between the deterministic system and the fluctuating environment.
Nevertheless, in the next section, we will show that the stochastic flow for equation (2.2) still preserves the contact strucure. If the stochatsic part in (2.2) takes other forms, the corrsponding stochastic flow may not preserve the contcat structure.
\end{remark}

In view of some concrete applications, it is convenient to write system \eqref{Equation-1} in local coordinates. According to Darboux theorem\cite{Geiges2008} for contact manifolds, around each point in $M$, one can find local (called Darboux  or canonical) coordinates $(q,p,z)=(q_1,\cdots,q_n,p_1,\cdots,p_n,z)$ such that
\begin{equation}\label{Darboux}
\eta=dz-pdq,\;\;\;\;\mathcal{R}=\frac{\partial}{\partial z}.
\end{equation}
Here $pdq$ has to be read as $\sum_{j=1}^np_jdq_j$. This same shorthand notation applies to analogous expressions below.

In Darboux coordinates, we get the following local expressions for Hamilton vector fields
\begin{align}\label{Darboux vector field}
X_{H_i}=\frac{\partial H_i}{\partial p}\frac{\partial}{\partial q}-\left( \frac{\partial H_i}{\partial q}+p\frac{\partial H_i}{\partial z}\right)\frac{\partial}{\partial p}+\left(p\frac{\partial H_i}{\partial p}-H_i\right)\frac{\partial}{\partial z},
\end{align}
for $i=0,1,\cdots,d$. Therefore, a canonical stochastic contact Hamiltonian system can be written as
\begin{align}
dq&=\frac{\partial H_0}{\partial p}dt+\sum_{k=1}^d \frac{\partial H_k}{\partial p}  \circ dB_t^k,  \label{canonical eq1}\\
dp&=-\left( \frac{\partial H_0}{\partial q}+p\frac{\partial H_0}{\partial z}\right)dt-\sum_{k=1}^d \left( \frac{\partial H_k}{\partial q}+p\frac{\partial H_k}{\partial z}\right)  \circ dB_t^k, \label{canonical eq2}\\
dz&=\left(p\frac{\partial H_0}{\partial p}-H_0\right)dt +\sum_{k=1}^d \left(p\frac{\partial H_k}{\partial p}-H_k\right)\circ dB_t^k \label{canonical eq3}
\end{align}
with initial state $(q(t_0),p(t_0),z(t_0))\triangleq(\alpha,\beta,\gamma)$, $t_0\geqslant 0$.

\section{Conformal Contactomorphism}
As in the deterministic case \cite{Geiges2008}, we are interested in the system \eqref{canonical eq1}-\eqref{canonical eq3} such that the solution mapping $(\alpha, \beta,\gamma) \to (p,q,z)$ preserves the natural contact structure (leaves the contact form invariant) up to multiplication by a conformal factor. That is, the phase flow $\phi_t$ of the system is a conformal contactomorphism
in the sense
\begin{equation}
\phi_t^\ast\eta=\lambda_t\eta
\end{equation}
 for a nowhere zero function (i.e., conformal factor) $\lambda_t:M\to \mathbb{R}$. In local coordinates, we only need to focus on
 \begin{equation}\label{preserve}
 dz-pdq=\lambda_t(d\gamma-\beta d \alpha).
 \end{equation}
Note that the conformal factor $\lambda_t$, with $t\in[t_0,\infty)$, is a smooth family with $\lambda_{t_0}=1$. Hence all $\lambda_t$ take value in $\mathbb{R}^+$. To avoid confusion, we should note that the differentials in \eqref{canonical eq1}-\eqref{canonical eq3} and \eqref{preserve} have different meanings: In \eqref{canonical eq1}-\eqref{canonical eq3}, $p,q,z$ are treated as functions of time, while, in \eqref{preserve}, the differentiation is made with respect to the initial data $\alpha,\beta,\gamma$.

\begin{remark}
For deterministic case, i.e., $\dot{x}=X_{H_0}(x)$, the corresponding phase flow $\psi_t$ is a conformal contactomorphism. Indeed, by Cartan's identity and \eqref{Ham}, we have $\mathcal{L}_{X_{H_0}}\eta=-\mathcal{R}(H)\eta$. Note that $\frac{\partial}{\partial t}\psi_t^\ast\eta=\psi_t^\ast\mathcal{L}_{X_{H_0}}\eta=\psi_t^\ast(-\mathcal{R}(H)\eta)=(-\mathcal{R}(H)\circ \psi_t)\psi_t^\ast\eta$. We conclude that $\psi_t^\ast\eta=\lambda_t\eta$ with $\lambda_t=\exp \big(- \int_{t_0}^t ( \mathcal{R}(H)\circ \psi_\tau )\big)d\tau$. We also remark that a map $f$ is called a (strict) contactomorphism if $f^\ast\eta\equiv\eta$.
\end{remark}

\begin{thm} {\bf (Preserving the Contact Structure)}
The phase flow of the stochastic contact Hamiltonian system \eqref{canonical eq1}-\eqref{canonical eq3} is a conformal contactomorphism (i.e., it preserves the contact structure) with a conformal factor
 \begin{equation}\label{factor}
\lambda_t=\exp{\big(-\int_{t_0}^t\frac{\partial}{\partial z}H_0d\tau-\sum_{k=1}^d\int_{t_0}^t\frac{\partial}{\partial z}H_k\circ dB_\tau^k\big)}.
 \end{equation}
\end{thm}

\begin{proof}
Notice that the condition \eqref{preserve} for phase flow to be conformal contactomorphism can be rewritten as
\begin{align}\label{preserve1}
\left\{
\begin{array}{rl}
\frac{\partial z}{\partial \alpha_{r}}-\sum_{j=1}^np_j\frac{\partial q_j}{\partial \alpha_{r}}=&-\lambda_t \beta_r,  \;\;\;\;  r=1,\cdots,n, \\
\frac{\partial z}{\partial \beta_{r}}-\sum_{j=1}^np_j\frac{\partial q_j}{\partial \beta_{r}}=&0,  \;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;  r=1,\cdots,n, \\
\frac{\partial z}{\partial \gamma}-\sum_{j=1}^np_j\frac{\partial q_j}{\partial \gamma}=&\lambda_t . \\
\end{array}
\right.
\end{align}
For convenience, we adopt the following notation (for $j,r=1,\cdots,n$):
\begin{align}\label{notation-Hpqz2}
q_\alpha^{jr}=\frac{\partial q_j}{\partial \alpha_r},  \;\;q_\beta^{jr}=\frac{\partial q_j}{\partial \beta_r}, \; \;   q_\gamma^{j}=\frac{\partial q_{j}}{\partial \gamma}
\end{align}
Similarly, we define $p_\alpha^{jr},p_\beta^{jr},p_\gamma^{j},z_\alpha^{r},z_\beta^r$ and $z_\gamma$.

By calculating at $(q,p,z)=(q(t;t_0,\alpha,\beta,\gamma),p(t;t_0,\alpha,\beta,\gamma),z(t;t_0,\alpha,\beta,\gamma))$ which is a solution to system \eqref{canonical eq1}-\eqref{canonical eq3}, we conclude that  $p_\gamma^{j}, q_\gamma^{j}$, $z_\gamma$ ($j=1,\cdots,n$) satisfy the following system of stochastic differential equations
\begin{align}
dq_\gamma^{j}=&\sum_{l=1}^n(\frac{\partial^2 H_0}{\partial p_j \partial q_l}q_\gamma^{l}+\frac{\partial^2 H_0}{\partial p_j \partial p_l}p_\gamma^{l}+\frac{\partial^2 H_0}{\partial p_j \partial z}z_\gamma)dt \notag\\
&+ \sum_{k=1}^d\sum_{l=1}^n(\frac{\partial^2 H_k}{\partial p_j \partial q_l}q_\gamma^{l}+\frac{\partial^2 H_k}{\partial p_j \partial p_l}p_\gamma^{l}+\frac{\partial^2 H_k}{\partial p_j \partial z}z_\gamma)\circ dB_t^k,
\label{SDE11} \\
dp_\gamma^{j}=&-\sum_{l=1}^n\Big[\Big(\frac{\partial^2 H_0}{\partial q_j \partial q_l}+p_j\frac{\partial^2 H_0}{\partial z\partial q_l}\Big)q_\gamma^{l}+\Big(\frac{\partial^2 H_0}{\partial q_j \partial p_l}+\delta_{jl}\frac{\partial H_0}{\partial z}+p_j\frac{\partial^2 H_0}{\partial z \partial p_l}\Big)p_\gamma^{l}\notag\\
&\;\;\;\;+\Big(\frac{\partial^2 H_0}{\partial q_j \partial z}+p_j\frac{\partial^2 H_0}{\partial z^2}\Big)z_\gamma\Big]dt \notag\\
&- \sum_{k=1}^d\sum_{l=1}^n\Big[\Big(\frac{\partial^2 H_k}{\partial q_j \partial q_l}+p_j\frac{\partial^2 H_k}{\partial z\partial q_l}\Big)q_\gamma^{l}+\Big(\frac{\partial^2 H_k}{\partial q_j \partial p_l}+\delta_{jl}\frac{\partial H_k}{\partial z}+p_j\frac{\partial^2 H_k}{\partial z \partial p_l}\Big)p_\gamma^{l}\notag\\
&\;\;\;\;+\Big(\frac{\partial^2 H_k}{\partial q_j \partial z}+p_j\frac{\partial^2 H_k}{\partial z^2}\Big)z_\gamma\Big]\circ dB_t^k,
\label{SDE12}\\
dz_\gamma=&\sum_{l=1}^n\Big[\Big(\sum_{j=1}^n p_j\frac{\partial^2 H_0}{\partial p_j\partial q_l}-\frac{\partial H_0}{\partial q_l}\Big)q_\gamma^{l}+\Big(\sum_{j=1}^n p_j\frac{\partial^2 H_0}{\partial p_j\partial p_l}\Big)p_\gamma^{l}\notag\\
&\;\;\;\;+\Big(\sum_{j=1}^n p_j\frac{\partial^2 H_0}{\partial p_j\partial z}-\frac{\partial H_0}{\partial z}\Big)z_\gamma\Big]dt \notag\\
&+ \sum_{k=1}^d\sum_{l=1}^n\Big[\Big(\sum_{j=1}^n p_j\frac{\partial^2 H_k}{\partial p_j\partial q_l}-\frac{\partial H_k}{\partial q_l}\Big)q_\gamma^{l}+\Big(\sum_{j=1}^n p_j\frac{\partial^2 H_k}{\partial p_j\partial p_l}\Big)p_\gamma^{l}\notag\\
&\;\;\;\;+\Big(\sum_{j=1}^n p_j\frac{\partial^2 H_k}{\partial p_j\partial z}-\frac{\partial H_k}{\partial z}\Big)z_\gamma\Big]\circ dB_t^k,\label{SDE13}
\end{align}
with initial state $((q_\alpha^{jr}),(p_\alpha^{jr}),z_\alpha^{r})=(\delta_{jr},0,0)$.

Keeping in mind the initial state $(q(t_0),p(t_0),z(t_0))=(\alpha,\beta,\gamma)$, it is clear that $\lambda_{t_0}=1$. The third condition in \eqref{preserve1} is fulfilled if and only if
\begin{align}\label{preserve23}
dz_\gamma(t)-\sum_j dp_j(t)\cdot q^j_\gamma(t)-\sum_j p_j\cdot dq_\gamma(t)=d\lambda_t.
\end{align}
Due to \eqref{canonical eq2}, \eqref{SDE11} and \eqref{SDE13}, we conclude that the relation \eqref{preserve23} becomes
\begin{align}\label{preserve23-1}
\Big(z_\gamma -\sum_j p_jq_\gamma^{r}\Big)\left(\frac{\partial H_0}{\partial z}dt+\sum_{k=1}^d\frac{\partial H_k}{\partial z}\circ d{B}_t^k \right)&=-d{\lambda}_t.
\end{align}
Similarly, the first and the second conditions in \eqref{preserve1} are fulfilled if and only if
\begin{align
\Big(z_\alpha^r -\sum_j p_jq_\alpha^{jr}\Big)\left(\frac{\partial H_0}{\partial z}dt+\sum_{k=1}^d\frac{\partial H_k}{\partial z}\circ d{B}_t^k \right)&=\beta_rd{\lambda}_t, \\
\Big(z_\beta^r -\sum_j p_jq_\beta^{jr}\Big)\left(\frac{\partial H_0}{\partial z}dt+\sum_{k=1}^d\frac{\partial H_k}{\partial z}\circ d{B}_t^k \right)&=0.
\end{align}
As a consequence, the condition \eqref{preserve1} holds if and only if
\begin{align
\lambda_t\left(\frac{\partial H_0}{\partial z}+\sum_{k=1}^d\frac{\partial H_k}{\partial z}\circ \dot{B}_t^k \right)&=-\dot{\lambda}_t, \label{preserve-new3}
\end{align}
 with $\lambda_{t_0}=1$. By solving equation \eqref{preserve-new3}, we have
 $$\lambda_t=\exp{\big(-\int_0^t\frac{\partial}{\partial z}H_0(q_\tau,p_\tau,z_\tau)d\tau-\sum_{k=1}^d\int_0^t\frac{\partial}{\partial z}H_k(q_\tau,p_\tau,z_\tau)\circ dB_\tau^k\big)}.$$
This implies that \eqref{preserve1} holds and hence conformal contactomorphism condition \eqref{preserve} is fulfilled. The proof is complete.
\end{proof}

\section{Complete Integrability}
In Bismut's \cite{Bi} setting, a class of stochastic completely integrable (symplectic) Hamiltonian systems has been studied. See more information in Li \cite{Li}. The integrability for contact Hamiltonian systems has also drawn much recent attention \cite{Arnold2013mathematical,Boyer2011completely}.

Note that although any smooth function can be chosen as a contact Hamiltonian, it is often convenient to choose the function $1=\iota_{\mathcal{R}}\eta$ as the Hamiltonian, making the Reeb vector field $\mathcal{R}$ the Hamiltonian vector field. The Hamiltonian contact structure in this case is said to be of Reeb type \cite{Boyer2011completely}. From now on, we will focus on this case and introduce the corresponding complete integrability conditions.

Similar to the Poisson bracket in symplectic geometry, the Lie algebra structure of $C^\infty(M)$ in contact Hamiltonian setting is given by the Jacobi bracket
\begin{align}\label{Jacobi bracket}
[f,g]_\eta=-\iota_{X_f}\iota_{X_g}d\eta+f\iota_{\mathcal{R}}dg-g\iota_{\mathcal{R}}df.
\end{align}
It is worth mentioning that this bracket is bilinear, antisymmetric, and satisfies the Jacobi identity. Furthermore, it fulfils a ``weak" Leibniz rule:
\begin{align
[f,gh]_\eta=[f,g]_\eta h+g[f,h]_\eta-[f,1]_\eta,
\end{align}
which is the key difference with the Poisson bracket.

If a function $h$ satisfies that $[h,1]_\eta=-\iota_{\mathcal{R}}dh=0$, it represents a first integral of the vector field $\mathcal{R}$. A contact Hamiltonian structure of Reeb type is said to be completely integrable if there exists $(n+1)$ first integrals $h_0=1,h_1,\cdots,h_n$ that are independent and in involution. That is,
the corresponding  Hamiltonian vector fields are linearly independent at almost all points and
\begin{align}\label{Integrability}
[h_i,1]_\eta=[h_i,h_j]_\eta=0,\;\;i,j=1,2,\cdots,n.
\end{align}
We remark that definition of complete integrability can be generalized to any Hamiltonian. See Boyer \cite{Boyer2011completely} for details. We point out that, for the contact form $\eta$ and a given Hamiltonian $H$,  a function $f$ commute with $H$ may not be equivalent to $f$ being a first integral, unless $H$ is constant along the flow of the Reeb vector field.

We also note that a completely integrable contact Hamiltonian system is said to be of toric type, if the corresponding vector fields $X_{h_0}=\mathcal{R},X_{h_1},\cdots,X_{h_n}$ form the Lie algebra of a torus $\mathbb{T}^{n+1}$. Analogous to that of the celebrated Arnold-Liouville theorem in the symplectic setting, it is possible to introduce the generalized action-angle variables in contact manifolds. The action of a torus $\mathbb{T}^{n+1}$ on a $(2n+1)$-dimensional contact manifold $(M,\eta)$ is completely integrable if it is effective and preserve the contact structure \cite{Lerman2001}.\\

We call \eqref{Equation-1} a stochastic completely integrable contact Hamiltonian system, if the family of $d$ (for convenience, we set $d=n+1$ here) smooth contact Hamiltonians $\{ H_k \}_{k=1}^{d}$ form a completely integrable system in the sense that they are independent and in involution, and if $H_0$ commutes with this family under Jacobi bracket.

\begin{example}
{\bf(A stochastic dissipative mechanical system)}  We consider the product manifold $M=\mathbb{R}\times T^\star\mathbb{R}^2$ endowed with the canonical contact structure $\eta=z-p_1dq_1-p_2dq_2$, where $z$ and $(q,p) = (q_1,q_2,p_1,p_2)$ are global coordinates on $\mathbb{R}$ and $T^\star\mathbb{R}^2$, respectively. Let $H:M\to\mathbb{R}$ be a contact Hamiltonian function given by
\begin{align}
H(q,p,z)=\frac{1}{2m}(p_1^2+p_2^2)+V(q)+\gamma z,
\end{align}
with $V(q)$ a potential function and $\gamma$ a positive constant. This Hamiltonian corresponds to a system with a friction force that depends linearly on the velocity (in this case, on the momentum). When such a contact Hamiltonian system is perturbed by noise, we have the following equation:
\begin{align}\label{SDMS1}
\frac{dq_i}{dt}=\frac{p_i}{m},\;\frac{dp_i}{dt}=-\frac{\partial V}{\partial q_i}-\gamma p_i,\;i=1,2,\;\text{and}\
\frac{dz}{dt}=\frac{1}{m}(p_1^2+p_2^2)-H+\varepsilon \dot{B}_t
\end{align}
or, equivalently,
\begin{align}\label{SDMS2}
m\ddot{q}_i+\gamma m\dot{q}_i+\frac{\partial V}{\partial q_i}=0,\;i=1,2,\;\text{and}\;
\frac{dz}{dt}=\frac{1}{2}m(\dot{q}_1^2+\dot{q}_2^2)-V(q)-\gamma z+\varepsilon \dot{B}_t,
\end{align}
where $\dot{B}_t$ is a Gaussian white noise and $\varepsilon$ is the noise intensity.
With $H_0=H$ and $H_1=\varepsilon$, equation \eqref{SDMS1} or \eqref{SDMS2} is indeed a stochastic contact Hamiltonian system. The stochastic flow preserve the contact structure with conformal factor $\lambda_t=e^{-\gamma(t-t_0)}$. Furthermore, the functions $H_0$ and $H_1$ are in involution, i.e., $[H_0,H_1]_\eta=0$.

\end{example}

\begin{example}
{\bf(A stochastic contact Hamiltonian system in Sasaki-Einstein space)}  The homogeneous toric Sasaki-Einstein Space  $T^{1,1}$ was considered as the first example of toric Sasaki-Einstein/quiver duality and provides supersymmetric backgrounds relevant for the Ads/CFT correspondence \cite{Visinescu2017contact}. The space $T^{1,1}$ can be regarded as a $U(1)$ bundle over $S^2\times S^2$. We denote by $(\theta_i,\phi_i)$, $i=1,2,$ the coordinates which parametrize the two spheres $S^2$ in the conventional way, while the angle $\psi\in [0,4\pi)$ parametrizes the $U(1)$ fiber.

The globally defined contact 1-form $\eta_{SE}$ can be written in the form
\begin{align}\label{SE contact}
\eta_{SE}=\frac{1}{3}\left( d\psi+cos\theta_1d\varphi_1+cos\theta_2d\varphi_2\right).
\end{align}
The Reeb vector field defined by $\eta_{SE}$ is
\begin{align}\label{SE R}
\mathcal{R}_{SE}=3\frac{\partial}{\partial\psi}.
\end{align}
The contact Hamiltonian vector field $X_{H_k}$ with Hamiltonian $H_k$ can be expressed as
\begin{align}\label{SE vf}
X_{H_k}=&3\sum_{i}\frac{1}{\sin\theta_i}\left(\frac{\partial {H_k}}{\partial\varphi_i} -\frac{\partial {H_k}}{\partial\psi}\cos\theta_i\right)\frac{\partial}{\partial\theta_i}
-3\sum_{i}\frac{1}{\sin\theta_i}\frac{\partial {H_k}}{\partial\theta_i}\frac{\partial}{\partial\varphi_i}\notag\\
&+3\left({H_k}+\sum_{i}\frac{\cos\theta_i}{\sin\theta_i}\frac{\partial {H_k}}{\partial\theta_i}\right)\frac{\partial}{\partial\psi}.
\end{align}

Consider the following stochastic contact Hamiltonian system
\begin{eqnarray}\label{SE SHS}
d\begin{pmatrix}\theta_1 \\ \theta_2 \\ \varphi_1\\\varphi_2\\\psi\end{pmatrix}
=\begin{pmatrix}0 \\ 0 \\ 0\\ 0\\3\end{pmatrix}dt
+\begin{pmatrix}0 &0&0&\frac{3}{\sin\theta_1}&0\\ 0&0&0&0&\frac{3}{\sin\theta_2} \\ 0&1&0&0&0\\ 0&0&1&0&0\\3&0&0&3\varphi_1&3\varphi_2\end{pmatrix}\circ dB_t,
\end{eqnarray}
where $B_t$ is a 5-dimensional Brownian motion.
We find that the corresponding Hamiltonians $H_0=H_1=1$, $H_2=\frac{1}{3}\cos\theta_1$, $H_3=\frac{1}{3}\cos\theta_1$, $H_4=\varphi_1$ and $H_5=\varphi_2$, are independent and in involution. In particular, the constant Hamiltonian 1 corresponds to the Reeb vector field $\mathcal{R}_{SE}$ in \eqref{SE R}. Therefore, equation \eqref{SE SHS} is a stochastic completely integrable contact Hamiltonian system and the stochastic flow preserves the contact structure.

Moreover, using the analysis from Visinescu \cite{Visinescu2017contact}, we can choose $\mathcal{T}$ as a compact connected component of the level set $\{H_1=1, H_2 =c_1, H_3 =c_2\},$ where $c_1,c_2$ are positive constants. Then $\mathcal{T}$ is diffeomorphic to a $\mathbb{T}^3$ torus. Let $D$ be an open domain in $\mathbb{R}^2$. There exist a neighborhood $U$ of $\mathcal{T}$ and a diffeomorphism $\Phi:\;U\to\mathcal{T}\times D$
\begin{align}\label{SE AA}
\Phi(x)=(\vartheta_1,\vartheta_2,\vartheta_3,y_1,y_2).
\end{align}
More precisely, we can introduce the angle variables
\begin{align}\label{SE Angle}
\vartheta_0=\frac{\psi}{3},\;\vartheta_1=\varphi_1,\;\vartheta_2=\varphi_2,
\end{align}
and the generalized action variables
\begin{align}\label{SE Action}
y_0=1,\;y_1=\frac{1}{3}\cos\theta_1,\;y_2=\frac{1}{3}\cos\theta_2.
\end{align}
Therefore, equation \eqref{SE SHS} becomes simplier in these coordinates:
\begin{eqnarray}\label{SE AA}
d\begin{pmatrix}y_1 \\ y_2 \\ \vartheta_1\\ \vartheta_2\\ \vartheta_0\end{pmatrix}
=\begin{pmatrix}0 \\ 0 \\ 0\\ 0\\1\end{pmatrix}dt
+\begin{pmatrix}0&0&0&1&0\\ 0&0&0&0&1 \\ 0&1&0&0&0\\ 0&0&1&0&0\\1&0&0&\vartheta_1&\vartheta_2\end{pmatrix}\circ dB_t.
\end{eqnarray}
Note that the contact form has the canonical expression \cite{Visinescu2017contact} $\eta_0=(\Phi^{-1})^\ast\eta_{SE}=\sum_{i=0}^3y_id\vartheta_i.$
We call the local coordinates $(\vartheta_i,y_i)$ the generalized contact action-angle coordinates.

\end{example}

\section*{DATA AVAILABILITY}
The data that support the findings of this study are available within the article.

\section*{Acknowledgments}
The authors would like to thank Prof Maosong Xiang, Dr Lingyu Feng, Dr Jianyu Hu, Dr Li Lv and Dr Jun Zhang for helpful discussions. This work was partly supported by NSFC grants 11771449 and 11531006.

\bibliographystyle{unsrt}

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Classical music: It's summer. Which composers and musical works have been inspired by insects?
It's summer.
The Ear likes to watch the fireflies or lightning bugs and hear the crickets that come with the season.
But he is much less fond of ants and spiders, of bees and wasps, and especially of mosquitoes, which seem particularly plentiful and aggressive after the very wet spring Wisconsin experienced.
But it turns out that, over many centuries, insects have inspired a lot of composers to write music that mimicked them and their noises and movements.
Professional violist and music educator Miles Hoffman (below) recently discussed insect music on NPR's Morning Edition.
https://www.npr.org/2018/07/09/627190250/classical-composers-have-been-inspired-for-centuries-by-insects
You can read the printed transcript, but the real fun and learning come if you listen to the audio clip that includes musical excerpts.
Some prominent ones were overlooked or not mentioned, including Romantic composer Robert Schumann's "Papillons" (Butterflies) for solo piano, which you can hear played by Wilhelm Kempff in the YouTube video at the bottom.
Can you think of other composers and pieces that focus on insects?
Leave the name or title, plus a YouTube link to a performance if possible, in the COMMENT section.
Tags: #LightningBug, #MilesHoffman, #MorningEdition, #MusicEducation, #NationalPublicRadio, #PianoMusic, #RobertSchumann, #RomanticComposer, #RomanticMusic, #WilhelmKempff, #YouTubevideo, aggressive, ant, Arts, Baroque, bee, bug, butterflies, butterfly, Cello, Chamber music, choral music, Classical music, composer, cricket, Early music, fireflies, firefly, insect, inspiration, Jacob Stockinger, lightening bug, lightning bug, Madison, Miles Hoffman, Morning Edition, mosquito, movement, Music, Music education, National Public Radio, NPR, opera, Orchestra, Papillons, Piano, spider, Spring, summer, symphony, United States, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Music, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Viola, Violin, vocal music, wasp, wet, Wilhelm Kempff, Wisconsin, YouTube
Classical music: NPR explores Opus 1 works to mark Jan. 1 and New Year's Day
Each year, the media look for new ways to mark the holidays and especially New Year's Day.
One of the best and most original The Ear has seen and heard in a long time came from National Public Radio (NPR).
On Morning Edition, the radio network consulted Miles Hoffman (below), a violist, conductor and educator, about the first works – the Opus 1 works – that various composers published.
Hoffman's remarks touch on quite a few young composers and prodigies, including Ludwig van Beethoven (below top), Felix Mendelssohn (below middle) and Ernst von Dohnanyi (below bottom).
Here is a link to the story, which should be listened to, and not just read, for the sake of the music and sound samples:
https://www.npr.org/2018/01/01/574932138/on-the-first-day-of-the-new-year-celebrating-composers-opus-one
And from YouTube here are two more Opus 1 works that The Ear would add.
The first is the Rondo in C Minor, Op. 1, by a young Frédéric Chopin (below, in a drawing from Getty Images) and performed by Vladimir Ashkenazy. It shows just how early Chopin had found his own style and his own distinctive voice:
And here are the "Abegg" Variations by critic-turned-composer Robert Schumann (below), played by Lang Lang:
Can you think of other Opus 1 works to add to the list?
Please leave the composer's name, the work's title and a YouTube link to a performance, if possible, in the COMMENT section.
Tags: Art Works, Arts, Beethoven, best, Cello, Chamber music, Chopin, Classical music, Compact Disc, composer, conductor, critic, educator, Ernst Dohnanyi, Feix Mendelssohn, fistinctive, Getty Images, Holiday, Jacob Stockinger, Lang Lang, link, Ludwig van Beethoven, Madison, media, Miles Hoffman, Morning Edition, Music, Music education, new, New Year, New Year's Day, NPR, opus, original, performance, prodigies, prodigy, rondo, Schumann, Sound, Teacher, title, United States, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Music, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Viola, Violin, Vladimir Ashkenazy, voice, Wisconsin, wisconsin public radio, work, young, YouTube
Classical music: Famed pianist Byron Janis reached out for Chopin. Did Chopin return the favor from beyond the grave?
Recently, The Ear posted a story by pianist Jeremy Denk that, to his mind, did the best job ever of explaining why the music of Frederic Chopin appeals so universally.
https://welltempered.wordpress.com/2017/08/12/classical-music-pianist-jeremy-denk-explains-why-we-love-the-music-of-chopin/
Then more recently The Ear heard another story that involved the famed pianist Byron Janis (below), who studied with Vladimir Horowitz when he was a teenager.
He then went on to a spectacular virtuosic career before his hands were partially crippled by severe psoriatic arthritis. (You can hear him play less virtuosic music very poetically in the YouTube video at the bottom.)
Through his piano playing and his library searches, Janis has reached out to Chopin, with some impressive results, including discovering lost manuscripts of famous waltzes.
But more surprising is Janis' claim that, through a death mask, Chopin has returned the favor from beyond the grave and reached out to him in a paranormal or supernatural way.
The story was broadcast on National Public Radio (NPR). It aired on the Saturday version of Weekend Edition with Scott Simon, and then was posted on the blog Deceptive Cadence.
http://www.npr.org/sections/deceptivecadence/2017/08/05/541575050/chopin-in-the-shadows-the-supernatural-adventures-of-byron-janis
Do you believe Byron Janis' story and explanation?
What do you think of his Chopin playing?
Tags: arthritis, Arts, blog, Byron Janis, career, Chopin, Classical music, Compact Disc, cripple, death, death mask, Deceptive Cadence, grave, hand, Jacob Stockinger, Jeremy Denk, lost, Madison, manuscript, mask, Morning Edition, Music, National Public Radio, New York City, nocturne, NPR, paranormal, Piano, poetic, psoriatic arthritis, Radio, Scott Simon, Sonata, story, supernatural, teenage, United States, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Music, University of Wisconsin–Madison, video, virtuoso, Vladimir Horowitz, Waltz, Weekend Edition, Wisconsin, YouTube
Classical music: Would you believe that seeing a musician perform WITHOUT SOUND is a better predictor of competition success than hearing the performance? That's what a new study tells us.
It turns out that composer Igor Stravinsky (below) was on to something when he urged people to listen to live performances of music with their eyes open.
But The Ear is betting that even he did not realize just what he was on to since maybe all you need is eyes.
So let me put the question to you:
How could you best predict the winner of a music competition? By using: A) audio only; B) visuals only; or C) audio and visuals.
I would have answered probably A followed by C.
And I suspect so would many of you.
But a new study says we would be wrong.
The correct the answer is definitely B.
That's right. The music doesn't matter after all. Don't even listen. Forget the music. Just look! Or if you are a contestant, just send in a silent video.
It turns out that even very experienced professional musicians – yes, including the judges of competitions — did better using silent visuals than other sources including the combination of audio and visual.
Not surprisingly, a number of classical music websites have been buzzing with news of the study.
But the best summary I know of so far was done by NPR's "Morning Edition"'s social science correspondent Shankar Vedantam (below) who also blogs on the website www.hidden brain.org. Here is a link you can use to listen to his story (don't just look at his picture):
http://www.npr.org/2013/08/20/213551358/how-to-win-that-music-competition-send-a-video
And here is another good version from the Harvard Gazette of Harvard University where pianist and human behavioral psychologist specializing in organizational behavior Chia Jung-Tsay (below in a photo by Kris Snibbe) was a co-researcher of the surprising study:
http://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2013/08/the-look-of-music/
And to think I always enjoyed and emulated the non-emotive and regally quiet bearing of pianists Arthur Rubinstein (below) and Vladimir Horowitz, of violinists Jascha Heifetz and Itzhak Perlman.
I do wonder if an earlier generation, less used to social media and YouTube, would have yielded different results. But we won't ever know, will we?
So perhaps the Liberace-like flamboyant gestures and physical antics or performing style of the superstar Lang Lang (below) have their place in communicating musical beauty after all.
Tags: Arthur Rubinstein, Harvard Gazette, Harvard University, Igor Stravinsky, Itzhak Perlman, Jascha Heifetz, Lang Lang, Liberace, Morning Edition, NPR, Shankar Vedantam, Vladimir Horowitz, YouTube

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: Images not uploading in phone gap mobile app I am build phone gap web app. I have to upload images from client side using multipart/form-data and backend in nodejs.
This code works well for some mobile phones,but not working for some mobiles especially Samsung Tab 4, HUAWEI.(  when open in these devices, on click nothing happens, even same code works well in other devices)
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Home » UTILITY RATES, FEES AND DEPOSITS
Fort Pierre Business
UTILITY RATES, FEES AND DEPOSITS
H-5 UTILITY RATES, FEES AND DEPOSITS
H-5-1 PURPOSE
The purpose of this chapter is to establish reasonable rates, fees, and deposits for connection to and use of the municipal utility services, including electric utility rates, water utility rates, sewer utility rates, and also meter deposit charges in association with the use and monitoring of these utilities.
Authority: SDCL 9-35-1, 9-48-26, 9-48-27, 9-48-28, 9-48-31, 9-39-23
H-5-2 ONE-TIME CONNECTION FEES
The following one-time connection fees must be paid in full before the service can be energized:
A. Electric Connection Fees:
(1.) Residential Electric Connection Fee. A non-refundable, one-time fee in the amount of $500.00 plus applicable taxes shall be paid for a 200 amp, single phase electric service, prior to the permanent connection of a new service. The actual cost for labor and materials shall be paid by the residential customer for modifying or altering an existing service. A non-refundable, one-time fee in the amount of $850 plus applicable taxes shall be paid for a 400 amp, single phase electric service. Electric service greater than a 400 amp, single phase electric service will follow the same cost participation as the commercial electric connection fee.
(2.) Commercial Electric Connection Fee. Prior to the connection of a new service or upgrade, a written estimate of the cost, including but not limited to wire, transformer, trenching, labor, and miscellaneous materials, shall be prepared by the Director of Public Works, or his designee, and presented to the owner, or his designee, for approval. One hundred percent (100%) of the actual cost of installation, along with the appropriate deposit as required by H-5-3 plus applicable taxes, shall be paid prior to the permanent connection or reconnection of the service.
B. Temporary Electric Service Fee.
A non-refundable, one-time fee in the amount of $65.00 plus applicable taxes shall be paid for a temporary electric service, prior to the connection of the service.
C. Water connection fees.
1. Water connection fees shall be set by resolution duly adopted by the City Council.
D. Sewer connection fees.
1. Sewer connection fees shall be set by resolution duly adopted by the City Council.
E. Notwithstanding and in addition to any other fee prescribed in this chapter, a non-refundable utility account connection fee of Ten Dollars ($10) plus applicable taxes shall be paid in addition to the refundable meter deposit as prescribed in H-5-3 prior to the connection or the transfer of the utility account.
In all cases where the City must expend more than the connection fee to obtain a connection satisfactory to the City, such additional expense shall be borne by the owner, and paid prior to approval of the connection.
Source: Ordinance No. 821, 851, 870, 878, 883
H-5-3 REFUNDABLE METER DEPOSITS
A. A refundable deposit for security on the utility meters shall be paid prior to the connection or transfer of the utility account. The deposits shall be:
1. Residential – One Hundred Dollars ($100) plus applicable taxes with a favorable credit reference or Two Hundred Dollars ($200) plus applicable taxes without a favorable credit reference.
2. Small commercial – One Hundred Fifty Dollars ($150) plus applicable taxes
3. Large commercial – Four Hundred Dollars ($400) plus applicable taxes.
B. Subject to H-6-6 and H-6-8, when a utility customer terminates service without a transfer to a new service address and all City property associated with the terminated service is accounted for, the deposit imposed under this section shall be returned immediately or applied to the utility customer's final bill. The Finance Officer shall provide a report to the City Council of all paid returned deposits at the next City Council meeting for ratification.
Source: Ordinance No. 883, 899, 935, 1017
H-5-5 ELECTRIC UTILITY RATES
AN ORDINANCE AMENDING ORDINANCE NO. 809, CHAPTER H-5 UTILITY
BE IT ORDAINED by the City Council, in and for the City of Fort Pierre, South Dakota:
Section 1. That Effective January 15, 2021 Ordinance No. 809 be amended in the following sections to read as displayed:
The charge for each kilowatt hour of electrical power registered on the electric meter or meters for the premises shall be as follows:
Customer Charge – $13.50 per month
Energy Charge (per kWh)
All kWh (June-Aug) – $.095
All kWh (Sept-May) 0-1000 kWh – $.082
All kWh (Sept-May) over 1000 kWh – $.074
Customer Charge
Single Phase – $19.50 per month
Three Phase – $26.00 per month
All kWh (Sept-May) – $.083
Energy Charge (per kWh) – $.035
Demand Charge (per kWh)
June-Aug – $16.70
Sept-May – $12.90
Customers whose usage exceeds 5,000 kWh in three (3) or more months during a 12-month period will be placed in the Large Customer Class for a minimum of one (1) year.
Flat Charge – $12.00 per month per light
A distribution surcharge of $.027 per kWh will be added for all consumers outside the corporate limits of the City of Fort Pierre.
The customer charge for every user shall be pro-rated to the owner or occupant for the residential dwelling unit based upon the occupied number of days during the first and last months of occupancy.
Ordinance No. 809, 812, 851, 872, 876, 883, 899, 917, 960, 980, 1004. 1017, 1026, 1038, 1047
H-5-6 RATES FOR WATER SERVICES
The owner or occupant of each residential or non-residential facility connected to the municipal water services shall pay for the use of such service a monthly fee based upon the following:
Within City Limits:
Base Rate – $26.50 – (base-no gallons included)
Second Tier – $2.50 per one thousand – 0 to 40,000 gallons
Third Tier – $3.00 per one thousand – Above 40,000 gallons
Outside City Limits:
The base rate fee for every user shall be pro-rated to the owner or occupant for the residential or non-residential dwelling unit based upon the occupied number of days during the first and last months of occupancy.
Source: Ordinance No. 809, 883, 899, 917, 921, 923, 950, 960, 988, 1017, 1026, 1038, 1047
H-5-7 RATES FOR NON-RESIDENTIAL WATER SERVICES (Refer to H-5-6)
H-5-8 WATER UTILITY RATES
The owner of each residential or non-residential water pipeline connected to the municipal water services for services beyond the City boundaries shall be required to apply for a permit or license with the City of Fort Pierre allowing for the purchasing of such municipal water services. The contract must stipulate rates, gallonage, billing procedure, and other provisions for providing water services as the City Council may determine appropriate.
Authority: SDCL 9-47-1
H-5-9 RATES IN CASE OF METER FAILURE
In cases where meters fail to register the amount of water passing through them by being stopped up, or from any cause whatever, the quantity used shall be determined and the charge made based upon the average amount used during the two or more preceding periods of similar length. If the average amount can not be determined then the flat rates as given in this chapter will be charged to the consumer. In case of breakage or stoppage or any other irregularity in the meter installed by the City, the owner or consumer is to immediately notify the City Finance Office, and any necessary repairs will be made by the City Water Department.
H-5-10 SEWER UTILITY RATES
H-5-10.1 PURPOSE
The purpose of this ordinance is to generate sufficient revenue to pay all costs for the operation and maintenance and construction of the complete wastewater system. The costs shall be distributed equitably to all users of the wastewater system.
Authority: SDCL 9-48-2, 9-48-13, 9-48-27
H-5-10.2 DEFINITIONS
A. "Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)" shall mean the quantity of oxygen utilized in the biochemical oxidation of organic matter under standard laboratory procedure in five (5) days at twenty (20) degrees Celsius expressed in milligrams per liter.
B. "Primarily segregated domestic wastes" shall mean that sewage that is introduced into a building sewer and which contains no more than fifty percent (50%) industrial waste, prior to any intentional dilution.
C. "Non-residential user" shall mean all users that are not residential users that introduce only domestic or primarily segregated domestic waste into a building sewer.
D. "Residential user" shall mean all users that introduce only sanitary sewage resulting from household operations into a building sewer.
E. "Sanitary sewage" shall mean the water-carried wastes from residences, hotels, restaurants, eating houses, or from business establishments or premises engaged solely in the sale, storage or repair of goods, wares or merchandise, and which contains garbage and human wastes.
F. "Sewer use charge" shall mean a monthly charge to all users of the wastewater facilities that is based on sewage volume, strength and/or flow.
G. "Total Suspended Solids (TSS)" shall mean total suspended matter that either floats on the surface of, or is in suspension in water, wastewater, or other liquids, and that is removable by laboratory filtering as prescribed in "Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater" and referred to as nonfilterable residue.
H-5-10.3 DETERMINING THE TOTAL ANNUAL COST OF OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE
The City of Fort Pierre, its Finance Officer, or his designee shall determine the total annual cost of operation and maintenance of the wastewater system in the City. The total annual cost of operation and maintenance shall include, but not be limited to labor, repairs, equipment, replacement, maintenance, necessary modifications, power, sampling, laboratory tests, construction for replacement or expansion of existing facilities, and a reasonable contingency fund.
Authority: SDCL 9-48-2, ch. 9-48
H-5-10.4 RATE DETERMINATION
A. All wastewater discharge to the wastewater system operated by the City shall be paid for by the consumer or owner of the premises.
B. Residential users shall all be considered one class of user and the service charge will be based on the average residential water use of seven thousand (7,000) gallons per month.
C. Non-residential users:
1. Non-residential users who use no more than a typical residence will have the service charge based upon seven thousand (7,000) gallons per month.
2. Non-residential users who use more than a typical residence will have the same service charge as a residential user for the first seven thousand (7,000) gallons per month plus, a charge per one thousand (1,000) gallons for all flows over seven thousand (7,000) gallons per month.
3. Non-residential users shall pay a surcharge for above normal BOD and TSS loadings. The surcharge is to cover the operation and maintenance costs for treating above normal BOD and TSS loadings. Normal BOD and TSS loadings are considered to be equal to the average domestic sewage strength for the City or two hundred (200) ppm for TSS.
Source: Ord 917
Authority: SDCL ch. 9-48, 9-48-2, 9-48-27
H-5-10.5 MINIMUM RATES AND MONTHLY CHARGE
Each Residential dwelling unit, as defined in the currently adopted building code connected either directly or indirectly to the wastewater system shall pay a minimum monthly fee of Twenty-six Dollars and 50/100 cents ($26.50). Those Residential customers, who are outside city limits, shall pay a minimum monthly fee of Thirty-nine Dollars and 75/100 ($39.75).
B. Each Residential dwelling unit as identified in H-5-10.5 (A), in addition to the minimum monthly fee, shall pay Two Dollars and 50/100 Cents ($2.50) per one thousand (1,000) gallons of water. This additional fee shall be based on the average gallons of water used in such dwelling during the months of November, December, January, February, and March of each calendar year. If no gallons of water are used during November, December, January, February, or March for a residential dwelling unit, a fee based on three thousand (3,000) gallons of water will be used in lieu of a usage for any given month.
C. Each Non-residential user, not otherwise classified as a residential dwelling unit, connected either directly or indirectly to the wastewater system shall pay a minimum monthly fee of Twenty-six Dollars and 50/100 cents ($26.50). Those Non-residential customers, who are outside city limits, shall pay a minimum monthly fee of Thirty-nine Dollars and 75/100 ($39.75).
D. Each user not identified as a residential user shall pay, in addition to the minimum monthly fee, Two Dollars and 50/100 Cents ($2.50) per one thousand (1,000) gallons of water used or any portion thereof.
E. The minimum monthly fee for every user shall be pro-rated to the owner or occupant for the residential dwelling unit or non-residential user based upon the occupied number of days during the first and last months of occupancy.
F. In addition to the other sewer charges, the City of Fort Pierre establishes a surcharge of $.85 (eighty-five cents) payable by each customer of its system who receives or benefits from the services of the project financed by the CW#6 SRF loan with the borrower bond. Such funds collected will be captured and committed as a Wastewater Surcharge-CW#6 SRF. Said commitment is subject to adjustment from time to time by ordinance as necessary to repay a $216,000 Clean Water State Revolving Loan Fund (SRF) over a period of no more than thirty (30) years at an interest rate of three and one-quarter percent (3.25%), in accordance with the loan agreement to be entered into by the City of Fort Pierre and the SD Department of Environment and Natural Resources, the proceeds of which loan are to be used for the Wastewater Treatment Improvements project. Such surcharge shall be segregated from all other funds of the City of Fort Pierre, shall be and are hereby pledged to secure such loan, and shall be used for no purposes other than the repayment thereof.
G. In addition to other sewer charges, the City of Fort Pierre establishes a surcharge of $10.50 (Ten Dollars and 50/100 cents) payable by each residential customer, $17.50 (Seventeen Dollars and 50/100 cents) payable by each small commercial customer, and $85.00 (Eighty-five Dollars and no/100 cents) payable by each large commercial customer of its system who receives or benefits from the services of the project financed by the CW#7 SRF loan with the borrower bond. Such funds collected will be captured and committed as a Wastewater Surcharge-CW#7 SRF. The collection of the surcharge will start on March 1, 2021 (bill payable in April). The surcharge shall remain in effect until such times as the borrower bond is pain in full, it shall be collected at the same time as other charges of the system, and establish a surcharge account to segregate the income from the other system income for book keeping purposes to be pledged to the South Dakota Conservancy District. The surcharge shall be reviewed from year to year and modified in order to provide the required 110 percent debt coverage. The said commitment shall repay a $3,701,000 Clean Water State Revolving Loan Fund (SRF) over a period of no more than thirty (30) years at an interest rate of 2.125%, in accordance with the loan agreement to be entered into by the City of Fort Pierre and the SD Department of Environment and Natural Resources, the proceeds of which loan are to be used for the Wastewater Treatment Improvements project.
Source: Ord. 834, 856, 899, 809, 917, 923, 950, 954, 960, 1017, 1026, 1038, 1047
Authority: SDCL 9-39-23, ch. 9-48, 9-48-2, 9-48-27
H-5-10.6 SPECIAL ARRANGEMENTS
Any non-residential user receiving metered water for uses that result in portions of the water not being discharged to the wastewater system may have their sewer use charge adjusted by showing, at the owner's expense, what percentage of the metered water is not being discharged to the system.
Authority: SDCL 9-48-2, 9-48-27
H-5-10.7 SEWER FUND
All funds, fees, rentals, charges, or rates collected under the authority of this chapter shall be remitted to the City Finance Officer each month and shall be kept in a separate fund to be known as the Sewer Fund. Such fund shall be used only for the purpose of paying the cost of financing the operation, maintenance, or construction of the sanitary utilities. However, no part of such fund shall be used to meet the cost of construction of lateral sewers serving proposed future development areas or the portion of the cost of sanitary sewer utilities that have been financed by special assessment against benefited properties.
Authority: SDCL 9-48-29
H-5-10.8 WASTEWATER FACILITIES REPLACEMENT FUND
A reserve fund called the Wastewater Facilities Replacement Fund is hereby established within the Sewer Fund for the purpose of providing sufficient funds to be expended for obtaining and installing equipment, accessories and appurtenances during the useful life (twenty (20) years) of the wastewater treatment facilities necessary to maintain the capacity and performance for which such facilities are designed and constructed.
H-5-10.9 WASTEWATER FACILITIES REPLACEMENT FUND SCHEDULE
The reserve fund called the Wastewater Facilities Replacement and Capital Outlay Fund is established within the Sewer Fund as an interest-bearing account shall be funded by a deposit of Three and 50/100 Dollars ($3.50) per user per month obtained from the Sewer Fund at the end of each month.
H-5-10.10 REVIEW OF EACH USER'S WASTEWATER SERVICE CHARGE
The City shall review the total annual cost of operation and maintenance as well as each user's wastewater service charge on an annual basis to assure equity of the service charge system established herein. If a significant user, such as an industry, has completed in-plant modifications which would change that user's wastewater contribution, the user can present at a regularly scheduled meeting of the governing body such factual information and the City shall then determine if the user's wastewater service charge is to be changed. The City shall notify the user of its findings as soon as possible.
H-5-10.11 NOTIFICATION OF USER RATES
Each user will be notified, at least annually, in conjunction with a regular bill, of the rate and that portion of the user charges that are attributable to wastewater treatment services.
H-5-11 SPECIAL RATES
Whenever a consumer resides outside the limits of the City of Fort Pierre and there are other special circumstances which increase or otherwise affect the cost of supplying utilities to a given consumer, the City may, by and through the Director of Public Works or his designee, negotiate with the prospective consumer as to rates, quantities, and other characteristics beyond the connection fee. Where these extraordinary circumstances occur, the City shall not be bound to furnish the utility service at the rates previously established herein or to provide the utility service at all.
H-5-12 WASTEWATER DEBT SERVICE RESERVE FUND
A reserve fund called the Wastewater Debt Service Reserve Fund is hereby established within the Sewer Fund for the purpose of providing sufficient funds to be expended to service the debt associated with both the Clean Water Revenue Borrower Bond, Series 2004, dated August 9, 2004, and the Clean Water Revenue Borrower Bond, Series 2006, to be closed no later than September 1, 2006. The fund shall be funded until April 1, 2018 by a deposit of $5.55 per user per month obtained from the fees received by the Sewer Fund at the end of each month. After April 1, 2018, the deposit will equal $2.45 per user per month obtained from the fees received by the Sewer Fund at the end of each month. Upon the maturity and closure of the Clean Water Revenue Borrower Bond, Series 2006, this reserve fund shall be closed and the fees collected shall cease to be collected.
Source: Ordinance No. 858
Authority: SDCL 9-39-23, 9-48-2


Indoor Storage – provides a very safe, secure and virtually dust free environment for customers' classic or exotic cars. We provide the latest in high tech security as well as 24x7 video monitoring of all cars. Customers can even monitor their vehicle via an app on their smart phone. We will tend your battery via a battery tender you provide or make one available to keep your battery fresh. Access to your vehicle is flexible, primarily via business hours but arrangements can be made to gain access to pick up or return your car during non-business hours on a by-appointment basis.
Locked and Gated Outdoor Storage – Our gated and locked storage is highly safe and secure as well. It is ideal for customers that are comfortable storing their vehicle outside with or without a cover. If you require a secure place for that project car, small trailer, camper or 5th wheel, this is the ideal place for you. We also have 24x7 video monitoring of vehicles that are stored in this area.
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*Member services are available at extra cost to customers storing cars at So Cal Classic Car Storage. Please call us for current pricing on any services you're interested in!


A Get Well Gift with fresh fruits, a magazine to pass the time or some pamper goodies in a hamper, is a great way to cheer someone up as they recover from an operation in hospital, or have been feeling unwell and need a bit of TLC at home. We realised that a number of wards in the hospital do not accept fresh flowers, (check out our Christchurch Public Hospital Ward List here), so we have put together a range of goodies that will hopefully encourage and make the recipient feel that much brighter. We can also add helium balloons to brighten up their room.
We are always open to your suggestions on how we can offer other new ideas, so please don't hesitate to make these known to us.


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text:
Biografia
Landis fu un giurista che servì come giudice federale dal 1905 al 1922 e il primo Commissioner della Major League Baseball dal 1920 alla sua morte. È ricordato per avere gestito lo Scandalo dei Black Sox, in cui espulse a vita otto giocatori dei Chicago White Sox per avere perso volontariamente le World Series 1919 e che respinse sempre tutte le richieste annullare la squalifica. Le sue azioni ferme e il pugno duro con cui amministrò il baseball nel quarto di secolo di sua gestione sono generalmente accreditate per avere ristabilito la fiducia del pubblico nei confronti del gioco.

Landis nacque a Millville, Ohio, nel 1866. Il suo nome è una variazione della Battaglia di Kennesaw Mountain nella Guerra civile americana, in cui suo padre fu ferito nel 1864. Landis trascorse la maggior parte della gioventù in Indiana; lasciò la scuola a 15 anni e svolse diversi lavori in quello stato. Nel 1921 fece domanda per diventare avvocato dato che all'epoca in Indiana non vi erano requisiti accademici. Dopo un anno di pratica poco proficua, si iscrisse alla scuola di legge. Dopo la laurea aprì un ufficio a Chicago ma lo lasciò quando Walter Q. Gresham, il nuovo segretario di stato,  lo nominò suo segretario personale nel 1893. Dopo la morte di Gresham nel 1895, Landis rifiutò l'offerta di un'ambasciata, facendo ritorno a Chicago per praticare come avvocato e sposarsi.

Il presidente Theodore Roosevelt nominò Landis come giudice del distretto del nord dell'Illinois nel 1905. Landis salì alla ribalta nazionale quando nel 1907 multò la Standard Oil of Indiana per più di 29 milioni di dollari. Anche se la sentenza di Landis fu ridotta in appello, si fece la fama di giudice determinato a non lasciarsi intimidire dalle grandi aziende. Durante la prima guerra mondiale, Landis presiedette diversi processi di alto profilo contro renitenti alla leva e oppositori della guerra. A coloro che vennero giudicati colpevoli impose sentenze pesanti. Alcune di essere vennero ribaltate in appello e altre furono commutate.

Nel 1920, il giudice Landis fu il candidato principale dei proprietari dell'American League e della National League, imbarazzati dallo Scandalo dei Black Sox e da altri scandali di scommesse, alla ricerca di qualcuno che governasse il mondo del baseball. A Landis furono dati pieni poteri ad agire nell'interesse dello sport, poteri che usò ampiamente nel successivo quarto di secolo. Landis fu acclamato per avere ripulito il gioco, anche se alcune sue decisioni nello Scandalo dei Black Sox rimangono controverse: i sostenitori di "Shoeless Joe" Jackson e Buck Weaver affermano che esagerò nelle pene comminate a questi giocatori. Altri incolpano Landis per avere ritardato l'integrazione razziale nel baseball.

Note

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

Baseball Hall of Fame

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


I am so happy to be participating in #thelittlereddressproject and was thrilled when Renata of The Twilight Stitcher asked me to be part of this sewalong.
I started to do some looking and planning for this project and I do love red! I knew this would be so fun and planning a sewing project is so fun! One night, Michelle from Style Maker Fabrics were texting about this challenge. Michelle has great ideas and is always so inspiring, she led me to this idea. I went with a dress inspired from a ready-to-wear site that begins with a B. Here is the pin for my inspiration. I won't link it directly, as the B company has had me remove links to their site on one other occasion.
My pattern is McCall's 6886 with some changes. I went with View C but raised the neckline just a bit. After sewing the shoulder seams, I just measured to see how wide I wanted the tie. I cut this measurement from the width of fabric from the jersey, cutting two, seaming these together. I angled the ends and attached to the neckline. I did not attach the tie at one inch on each side of center front, wanted to be able to tie it. I cut the red sleeves the long length and then decided where I wanted to start the cuff. The inspiration has a split cuff but their fabric is more stable. I just went with a solid cuff from my jersey knit.
My dress had a bit of extra fabric above the bust at the armscye, I just pinned out the dart and stitched it up. This helped with the pooling of fabric and made my dress look much better.
I ordered the Orchid Bamboo Jersey also but the Wine was the perfect color for the combination. Here is a closer look at the collar and the wine color.
The back of the dress has some extra fabric and in a stretchier fabric I would have added some waist darts. The ponte is stable and I felt I needed the extra room to get my dress on and off.
I love this dress so much, it turned out better than I expected. This McCall's pattern is an easy sew but I was worried about getting the tie just right. It all worked out in the end.
I am hoping to make another red dress, using McCall's 7834, so if you see some great red rayons that will mix well together, let me know!
You nailed this one! Looks exactly like the inspiration dress. No e work and looks fun to wear.
Stunning Lori! I love wine combined with the bold red. I have that McCalls pattern too and I love how you stamped your own design on it.
Lori, your dress is Beautiful. Thank you for sharing!
This is a gorgeous dress! I love the combination of reds. I think your version is even better than the inspiration.
Beautiful! Your tie turned out so well!


text:
package com.pilot51.voicenotify;

import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Calendar;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.app.AlertDialog;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.DialogInterface;
import android.content.res.Resources;
import android.graphics.Color;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.BaseAdapter;
import android.widget.ListView;
import android.widget.TextView;
import android.widget.Toast;

public class NotifyList extends ListView {
	private Resources res;
	private static ArrayList<NotifyItem> list = new ArrayList<NotifyItem>();
	private Adapter adapter;
	private static OnListChangeListener listener;
	private static final int HISTORY_LIMIT = 20;

	NotifyList(Context context) {
		super(context);
		res = getResources();
		setDivider(res.getDrawable(R.drawable.divider));
		adapter = new Adapter(context, list);
		setAdapter(adapter);
	}

	static void addNotification(App app, String message) {
		if (list.size() == HISTORY_LIMIT) {
			list.remove(list.size() - 1);
		}
		list.add(0, new NotifyItem(app, message));
		if (listener != null) {
			listener.onListChange();
		}
	}

	static void setLastIgnore(String ignoreReasons, boolean isNew) {
		if (list.isEmpty()) return;
		list.get(0).setIgnoreReasons(ignoreReasons, isNew);
		if (listener != null) {
			listener.onListChange();
		}
	}

	private static class NotifyItem {
		private App app;
		private String message, ignoreReasons, time;
		private SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("HH:mm:ss");
		private boolean silenced;

		private NotifyItem(App app, String message) {
			this.app = app;
			this.message = message;
			time = sdf.format(Calendar.getInstance().getTime());
		}

		private App getApp() {
			return app;
		}

		private String getMessage() {
			return message;
		}

		private String getIgnoreReasons() {
			return ignoreReasons;
		}

		void setIgnoreReasons(String reasons, boolean isNew) {
			silenced = !isNew;
			ignoreReasons = reasons;
		}

		private String getTime() {
			return time;
		}
	}

	private static interface OnListChangeListener {
		void onListChange();
	}

	private class Adapter extends BaseAdapter {
		private ArrayList<NotifyItem> data;
		private LayoutInflater mInflater;

		private Adapter(final Context context, ArrayList<NotifyItem> list) {
			data = list;
			mInflater = (LayoutInflater)context.getSystemService(Context.LAYOUT_INFLATER_SERVICE);
			listener = new OnListChangeListener() {
				@Override
				public void onListChange() {
					((Activity)context).runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
						public void run() {
							notifyDataSetChanged();
						}
					});
				}
			};
		}

		@Override
		public int getCount() {
			return data.size();
		}

		@Override
		public Object getItem(int position) {
			return data.get(position);
		}

		@Override
		public long getItemId(int position) {
			return position;
		}

		@Override
		public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
			View view = convertView;
			if (view == null) {
				view = mInflater.inflate(R.layout.notify_log_item, parent, false);
			}
			final NotifyItem item = data.get(position);
			((TextView)view.findViewById(R.id.time)).setText(item.getTime());
			((TextView)view.findViewById(R.id.title)).setText(item.getApp().getLabel());
			TextView textView = (TextView)view.findViewById(R.id.message);
			if (item.getMessage().length() != 0) {
				textView.setText(item.getMessage());
				textView.setVisibility(TextView.VISIBLE);
			} else textView.setVisibility(TextView.GONE);
			textView = (TextView)view.findViewById(R.id.ignore_reasons);
			if (item.getIgnoreReasons() != null && item.getIgnoreReasons().length() != 0) {
				textView.setText(item.getIgnoreReasons());
				if (item.silenced) textView.setTextColor(Color.YELLOW);
				else textView.setTextColor(Color.RED);
				textView.setVisibility(TextView.VISIBLE);
			} else textView.setVisibility(TextView.GONE);
			view.setOnLongClickListener(new OnLongClickListener() {
				@Override
				public boolean onLongClick(View v) {
					new AlertDialog.Builder(getContext())
					.setTitle(res.getString(item.getApp().getEnabled()
					                        ? R.string.ignore_app
					                        : R.string.unignore_app,
					                        item.getApp().getLabel()))
					.setPositiveButton(R.string.yes, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
						@Override
						public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
							item.getApp().setEnabled(!item.getApp().getEnabled(), true);
							Toast.makeText(getContext(), res.getString(item.getApp().getEnabled()
							                                           ? R.string.app_is_not_ignored
							                                           : R.string.app_is_ignored,
							                                           item.getApp().getLabel()),
							               Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
						}
					})
					.setNegativeButton(android.R.string.cancel, null)
					.show();
					return false;
				}
			});
			return view;
		}
	}
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Edited photo via Wikimedia Commons user Mk2010
How Scared Should I Be?
How Scared Should I Be of the Internet of Things?
Will the robot uprising start in our kitchens?
av Mike Pearl
When I think of the term internet of things (IOT), I think of Kevin Spacey as the Jeeves-like computer system GERTY from the 2009 movie Moon: an all-in-one computer that controls my whole house, meaning it can be both an omniscient butler and a best friend. Unfortunately, for the time being, the IOT is really just a bunch of WiFi enabled household appliances, and recent headlines have made them a nightmare for paranoid people like me.
Connecting appliances like, say, my aquarium to the internet, so I can theoretically rescue my fish from under-salted water in Los Angeles while I stand on the Great Wall of China, all sounds like a cool idea, but the proliferation of smart appliances may have drawbacks. It seems that voice-activated home assistants like Amazon's Echo are able to violate users' privacy in new and exciting ways. And meanwhile, according to one of my colleagues at Motherboard, highjacking internet-enabled devices is the latest fad for un-creative, dilettante hackers who want to build their very own robot armies and attack their enemies by overwhelming their servers with too much traffic.
According to Justin Cappos, computer scientist at New York University's Tandon School of Engineering, potentially hackable IOT devices are an untamed frontier. Manufacturers typically don't tell consumers what security measures, if any, their devices have been equipped with, so experts have to perform "teardowns," in which they dissect these devices to find out answers. "We basically have to spend months actually going in and figuring out what they did in their device, in a very painstaking, manual way," he told me, adding "the teardowns people have done have not been very promising."
Among common vulnerabilities Cappos cited were developer passwords, usable by anyone who knows them, that allow a backdoor into the device. Often these are as stupidly easy to guess as "password" or "12345." Then, on the off chance a smart appliance encrypts your private data, Cappos said product designers "use very poor encryption that's trivial to break, or they just have a really bad security design that they didn't really think about."
Cappos thinks a certification process not unlike the one the FDA has for food would go a long way toward improving his confidence in IOT devices, and certifications are plausible, given that Tom Wheeler, the current Federal Communications Commission (FCC) chairman, has actually signaled his interest in exploring such a certification process. But the FCC is about to have a new boss—a dude named Trump—who says he's really, really not into regulating businesses.
And if IOT device owners are vulnerable to hacks, what's the worst that can happen, apart from your smart-stuff being drafted into a "zombie army" by an internet evildoer, and DDoSing an unsuspecting blogger? Cappos told me to imagine anything I worry might go wrong with one of my existing appliances when I'm not home, and then imagine that someone can make that happen on purpose. Personally, I worry about leaving my oven on, or having my electronic dog feeder freak out and starve my dog. If those were all IOT devices, they'd be vulnerable not just to my own forgetfulness, but to the malice of my many enemies.
Then there's Amazon's Echo—an intelligent plastic cylinder that sits in your house and misunderstands things in hilarious ways (and also is supposed to answer your questions and stuff). Echo is an example of a new brand of full-time, internet-enabled presences in our lives who know what we're up to when we're at home. "Privacy in the internet of things is more complicated than current online privacy in the sense that you are usually aware—or at least [complicit] in—the collection of data," according to Peter Asaro, a science and technology philosopher at the New School who studies the implications of smart buildings.
So the Echo is shaping up to be one of those new devices that comes with a lot of dystopian worst-case scenarios that we inevitably dismiss and just buy the thing anyway. In particular, it has this questionable habit of analyzing every single word you say in the hopes you'll use the word "Alexa,"and sending your voice queries to Amazon, where they use them for their own purposes. "They have a great economic incentive by the way, to try to use that information, at the minimum, for marketing purposes," said Cappos.
"You will have very little knowledge of who can access that information, and for what purposes," Asaro told me. "Voice recognition personal assistants, for instance, already upload audio recordings to be interpreted by the manufacturer or third parties. It is very unclear how long such data is retained, or how else it may be used."
But some of those unanticipated uses have already become clear. As part of a murder investigation, certain Amazon Echo voice data is already being mined for evidence in a criminal court case. The idea of a household appliance snitching on you is slightly troubling if you're a stickler for privacy, or just don't like being prosecuted for stuff.
But future uses and abuses of this kind of data could be more subtly insidious. Cappos told me that some day, if I buy a smart device that knows what I eat, like a refrigerator, and I don't keep a close eye on who can access my data, it might get sold to someone with an interest in knowing my midnight snacking habits. "You can easily imagine that this information might also be used to influence your health insurance premiums, and even your employer who goes and does a background check on you," he said.
So should I ever let the internet into any of my things? Maybe, Cappos said. Cappos, who avoids all technological intrusions into his personal space if he possibly can, told me he owns a camera-equipped smart device: Kinect for his XBox One. His enjoyment in using it outweighs the risk, and he takes extra precautions by keeping his Kinect unplugged when he's not using it. This is the approach he recommends: If a smart device is going to make a difference in your life, then "it makes a lot of sense to make that leap," he told me.
But he added, "If you just think it's cool to [say to] people who come over, 'Look! I can change how cold my freezer is from my phone!' then is it really worth the potential for someone to go and break in and thaw all the stuff in your freezer?"
Final Verdict: How Scared Should I Be of the Internet of Things?
2/5: Taking Normal Precautions
Follow Mike Pearl on Twitter.
Tagged:InternetInternet of ThingsHackingprivacydataTHE FUTUREhackersfearwifiThe internet of hackable thingsdevicesbeing hackedsecuirtyinfo sec


We're delighted to the introduce the first in a new V/A series on BEEF, bringing together artists from throughout the extended family, new and old. This 6-tracker highlights different aspects of our integral tastes – ranging from the addictive acidity of Schwa and Dircsen, through to the heady glitches & percussion of BUSZ™ and Ander B… and the euphoric progression of Vanilla Dinosaurs and Roman Rai & Taino. Get it online.


text:
ART YOU CAN TOUCH: WHAT IT MEANS TO RUN CHICAGO
February 9, 2015 by Victoria Marty Leave a Comment
One of the best parts about running outside in Chicago is that it's easier to discover what you might completely miss when traveling by car. I've gotten a better sense of my neighborhood, local real estate and even corners that are miles away by zipping up my sweatshirt, putting one foot in front of the other, and wiping sweat from my brow.
The latest cool spots relatively near me are the Native American mosaics on the Foster Avenue Lake Shore Drive underpass in Edgewater and the mosaics at the corner of Argyle and Broadway streets in Uptown.
The 3,400-square-foot expanse of "Indian Land Dancing" tells the history of Indians in Chicago. It also crosses paths with old Indian trails. The goal is to teach the past, not to just put it on display, according to a June 2009 story written by Clare Lane in The Chicago Tribune. The story can be found here: Vast Mural Will Depict Chicago's Indian Roots
"Art in public space has been enabling in a community," said Mary Jane Jacobs, a teacher at the School of The Art Institute of Chicago who specializes in sculpture and place-specific art. "The work becomes embraced and that grows richer over time. It grounds people within their own consciousness of place."
There's a lot in "Indian Land Dancing" that swells and shimmers beyond comparison, even on a cold, overcast afternoon. But even a glimpse of the yellow-, orange-, and black-tiled sun on the south side of the underpass will brighten your day. Across the street, on the north side of the underpass, a series of waves undulate until they form a woman clutching a swirl of blue, purple and white tiles, the series of circles becoming larger or smaller, depending on your perspective.
Look closer, and you'll find mini-art within the tiles. Thunderbirds fly through the air, Indians of lore look you right in the eye, and a small tile tells you that the American Indian Center is just one mile west of where you stand. The center is located at 1630 W. Wilson Ave.
The bricolage mosaics were created by lead artists Tracy Van Duinen and Todd Osborne, Edgewater community residents, youth apprentices and American Indian artists. It's a Chicago Public Art Group project, according to cynthiaweiss.com.
Not too far away, on the northeast corner of Argyle and Broadway streets, a lotus flower, dragonfly and more are spaced out on a wall between two small businesses. The wall belongs to a convenience store owner who gave the economic development organization Uptown United permission to use it, according to a June 2013 story in www.dnainfo.com.
Uptown United President Alyssa Berman-Cutler initiated the project. Longtime Uptown resident and artist Ginny Sykes designed images reflective of Asian cultures of Argyle Street.
Berman-Cutler said Sykes' work "really does respect the communities" it comes from and doesn't feel like some massive effort conceived by an artist and then "thrown at the community." Meanwhile, Sykes adds "a layer of sophistication" that conveys "a fine-arts feel," Berman-Cutler said in the dnainfo.com story.
Victoria Marty has written for newspapers and magazines for more than 15 years and recently moved to the Lincoln Square, Chicago area. A frequent runner who loves learning and exploring new places, she has perfected the art of getting lost while simultaneously finding unique landmarks, boutiques and out-of-the-way nooks worth writing about. Her blogs are geared toward the newly transplanted who want to learn as much about Chicago as they can, as quickly as possible.
Filed Under: Chicago, Edgewater, For Buyers, For Sellers, Uptown


The Slants is an American dance rock band consisting of members of Asian descent.1 In 2010, Simon Tam, the founder of the group, applied to register "THE SLANTS" as a trademark; however, the Trademark Office (PTO) refused to register it because it was "disparaging to people of Asian descent," citing Section 2(a) of the Lanham Act.2 3 But, if the all-Asian band deliberately named themselves "The Slants," and have a supporting fan-base, then why shouldn't they get trademark protection? Does Section 2(a)'s bar on registration of disparaging marks violate the First Amendment?
Under Federal law, a trademark is "the owner's exclusive right to use the registered mark in commerce or in connection with the goods or services. . . ."4 Thus, this gives trademark owners legal rights against infringers, including those who illegally use the mark for economic gain. Although one can still use a mark without registration with the Trademark Office, there can be large benefits to having it registered.
However, the Federal Circuit on October 2, 2015 re-heard, en banc, oral arguments to consider whether the bar on registration of disparaging marks from the Lanham Act's Section 2A violates the First Amendment. Although the written opinion has not been issued as of November 8, 2015, it is clear that the Federal Circuit on a hot bench gave serious thought to this question.
While Tam was concerned with reclaiming the meaning of words such as "The Slants," the court was also concerned about the broader implications of their decision. What would Tam's burden be if he was denied the mark? Would he go so far as to change the name of his band?8 Would the result be "an unconstitutional abridgement of the rights of those trademark owners whose views concerning the message of their trademark depart from official orthodoxy," as Tam's attorney suggests?9 If the burden is high, perhaps the court should revisit the constitutionality of Section 2(a).
But, remember the Redskins? The Trademark Office also cancelled the Redskins registration last year under the same provision of the Lanham Act, and so ruling for Tam may provide a means for other applicants to come forward and claim constitutional violations for refusal to have their marks registered.10 But, if so, how far will the court extend this? How would the analysis play out for these names: http://entertainment.time.com/2013/10/25/shock-n-roll-7-controversial-band-names/ [http://perma.cc/DV6P-RD24]?
In the end, what are the broader policy goals of the Trademark Office? To instill order and avoid confusion by maintaining a database of trademarks, or to make a judgment call as to what marks are registrable, and therefore receive the benefits that come with registration?
Simone Park is a second year student at Fordham University School of Law and a staff member of the Fordham Intellectual Property, Media & Entertainment Law Journal.


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Find photographers portrait in Monmouth County, NJ on Yellowbook.In Their Eyes is located in Monmouth County, NJ and travels to most areas of NJ.Andrea Yurcisin Photography is a natural light lifestyle photographer specializing in photography of children, families and newborns.Monmouth and Ocean County New Jersey Newborn, Child and Family Photographer. GigMasters has a wide range of experienced photographers that you can book for private shoots in and around the Monmouth County, NJ area.
From personal photography of families in studio or on location to professional headshots for performers or industry leaders to commercial environmental photography. The Monmouth County Park System is looking for entries for its The Cycle of Life photography exhibits at Deep Cut Gardens, Middletown, and the Manasquan Reservoir Environmental Center, Howell.
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Posted to the blog as per Prof. Dr. Ernst Rohmer's (Regensburg) request. Please address inquiries directly to Prof. Rohmer (email address below).
The history of printing and bookselling in the 17th century is a first-rate research desideratum. While the Reformation as an incubation period and the 18th century as a turning point towards books as a mass medium can be regarded as fundamentally researched, especially from the point of view of economic history, little attention was paid to the time in between. The specific situation in the Pfalzgrafschaft Sulzbach in the second half of the 17th century can be an impulse to examine the Printing Press guided by current approaches of cultural studies in media historiography and the history of science.
In the last third of the 17th century several printers worked in the residence town of Sulzbach, which, favoured by the tolerance policy of Palatine Count Christian August, produced books and other printed products of all kinds, partly in cooperation with publishers mainly in Nuremberg, but also beyond that. The printshops of Abraham Lichtenthaler (1621-1704, from 1664 in Sulzbach), continued by Georg Abraham Lichtenthaler (1684-1736) and Georg Abraham Lorenz Lichtenthaler (1711-1780), as well as those of Johann Holst (1648-1726), should be mentioned. Above all, however, the founding of a Hebrew printing house in 1684, led by Moses Bloch, was based on the sovereign's interest in Jewish culture on the one hand and can be regarded as a mercantilist project on the other, the success of which can be seen from the fact that it quickly became one of the leading Jewish printing houses in Europe.
and invites interested scholars from the fields of book science, history of science, theology, medicine, law and history, but also from philology, to participate in its interdisciplinary orientation. Contributions are welcome which help to classify the Sulzbach printshops and the printed products produced there historically, but also those which place the regional events in a larger context.
Already a first bibliographical indexing shows that the printers in Sulzbach did not least fall back on successful titles whose sales seemed to be secured. There are indications that the 'Simultaneum' decreed by the sovereign offered ideal conditions for the printing trade at the intersection between the Protestant territories of the imperial city of Nuremberg and the Franconian margraves on the one hand and the Catholic Amberg on the other. Finally, the establishment of the Hebrew printshop is the result of a sovereign intervention, from which synergies resulted; the Sulzbach printshops were obviously able to produce even complex and extensive prints. Blochsche Druckerei achieved a leading position in the production of Hebrew prints, which was preserved well into the 18th century, but Lichtenthaler Druckerei also continued to flourish among the following generations, so that the printing trade remained of great importance for the city even after the extinction of the dynasty and the associated loss of the residence until the 19th century.
◦ on the equipment of the books: numerous prints contain copper.
The above topics are not meant to be exhaustive. The organisers are happy to receive suggestions for contributions with some characterising remarks on the subject of the study until 31.10.2018. They are requested to ernst.rohmer@ur.de or rosmarie.zeller@unibas.ch.
The conference takes place in Sulzbach-Rosenberg on 5./6.7.2019. The conference papers will be published in "Morgen-Glantz. Yearbook of the Christian Knorr von Rosenroth Society" for the year 2020.
For speakers, the Society will raise subsidies to cover the costs of travel and accommodation in Sulzbach-Rosenberg. The conference starts on Friday at 2 pm and ends on Saturday at 6 pm. Sulzbach-Rosenberg is located on the A 6 (Nuremberg-Prague) or can be reached from Nuremberg and Regensburg by regional express trains every hour.


United Parcel Service and Chinese Airlines coexist in the Global Air Freight Market.
Air freight is the shipment and transfer of goods via an air carrier that may be commercial or charter. The global air freight market grew by 6.9% Year-on-Year in 2017, which is more than its five-year average growth rate. The APAC region held the largest market share with more than 40% of the total market in 2016 and it increased by 7.5% Y-o-Y, with China leading with 15% of the total market share.
The global air freight market grew by 6.9% Y-o-Y in 2016, which is higher than its five-year average growth rate of 3.9%.
Recent developments, like the e-Freight program for paperless shipments, have been analyzed and their impact on the market is given. The program was launched by IATA in 2006 as part of the STB program, when e-freight became an industry-wide initiative, involving carriers, freight forwarders, shippers, and customs authorities.
The increasing economic activity and world trade is one of the most important economic drivers for the global air freight market. Although the economic conditions have been moderate in the past few years, they have recently starting improve. The APAC region holds the largest market share, accounting for more than 40% of the total market share in 2016, and it increased by 7.5% Y-o-Y, with China leading with 15% of the total market share, and which, is expected to continue in the future. Mature markets, like North America and Europe, have started to recover after the global economic meltdown and are displaying promising signs of growth.
The global air freight market report is segmented by aircraft type and freight item. The aircraft type segment is further segmented into express, all cargo, ad hoc cargo & charter carrier, and combination. By freight item, the market is further segmented into pharmaceutical, machinery & electrical equipment, aircraft spare part, and others. The report provides an in-depth analysis of the air freight market across different geographical regions, viz. North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, and Middle East & Africa, along with further country-wise segmentation.
Mordor Intelligence is a market intelligence and business advisory firm. The company operates in the business of industry analysis and consulting in over 16 verticals. In today�s fast-paced and competitive business environment, every customer has unique information requirements. With an eye to such requirements, Mordor offers custom market intelligence and advisory services, along with syndicated reports, to help the customers gain an edge over the competition. The company has successfully catered to over 500 (40% of whom are Fortune 500) clients, since 2013.


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From Representing Knowledge to Representing Behaviour
Semantic Web languages such as RDF, RDFS and OWL are suitable for representing static knowledge, which enables the integration of data and information from multiple systems. With knowledge graphs, these technologies are becoming widely deployed in enterprise settings. But many applications require more than just information integration. Scenarios around the Internet of Things, such as Smart Homes and Smart Factories, where the physical and virtual worlds are becoming connected via sensors and actuators, require languages that allow for the representation of behaviour.
The talk outlines Read-Write Linked Data as a foundation for accessing sensors and actuators. The talk further reports on the experiences of implementing applications that use approaches for representing behaviour in a formalism independent of specific information systems. Representing dynamical aspects in such a way allows for the monitoring and execution of tasks, but also provides the basis for the analysis of behaviour specifications.
SlideDeck
towards-representing-behaviour-harth.pdf
Andreas Harth
Professor of Information Systems
Fraunhofer Institute
http://www.fraunhofer.de
Andreas Harth is a professor of information systems at Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg and Department Leader at Fraunhofer IIS-SCS. Prior to moving to Nuremberg, Andreas worked at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology and at the Digital Enterprise Research Institute in Galway, Ireland.
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