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Project acronym AstroFunc
Project Molecular Studies of Astrocyte Function in Health and Disease
Researcher (PI) Matthew Guy Holt
Host Institution (HI) VIB
Summary Brain consists of two basic cell types – neurons and glia. However, the study of glia in brain function has traditionally been neglected in favor of their more "illustrious" counter-parts – neurons that are classed as the computational units of the brain. Glia have usually been classed as "brain glue" - a supportive matrix on which neurons grow and function. However, recent evidence suggests that glia are more than passive "glue" and actually modulate neuronal function. This has lead to the proposal of a "tripartite synapse", which recognizes pre- and postsynaptic neuronal elements and glia as a unit. However, what is still lacking is rudimentary information on how these cells actually function in situ. Here we propose taking a "bottom-up" approach, by identifying the molecules (and interactions) that control glial function in situ. This is complicated by the fact that glia show profound changes when placed into culture. To circumvent this, we will use recently developed cell sorting techniques, to rapidly isolate genetically marked glial cells from brain – which can then be analyzed using advanced biochemical and physiological techniques. The long-term aim is to identify proteins that can be "tagged" using transgenic technologies to allow protein function to be studied in real-time in vivo, using sophisticated imaging techniques. Given the number of proteins that may be identified we envisage developing new methods of generating transgenic animals that provide an attractive alternative to current "state-of-the art" technology. The importance of studying glial function is given by the fact that every major brain pathology shows reactive gliosis. In the time it takes to read this abstract, 5 people in the EU will have suffered a stroke – not to mention those who suffer other forms of neurotrauma. Thus, understanding glial function is not only critical to understanding normal brain function, but also for relieving the burden of severe neurological injury and disease
Brain consists of two basic cell types – neurons and glia. However, the study of glia in brain function has traditionally been neglected in favor of their more "illustrious" counter-parts – neurons that are classed as the computational units of the brain. Glia have usually been classed as "brain glue" - a supportive matrix on which neurons grow and function. However, recent evidence suggests that glia are more than passive "glue" and actually modulate neuronal function. This has lead to the proposal of a "tripartite synapse", which recognizes pre- and postsynaptic neuronal elements and glia as a unit. However, what is still lacking is rudimentary information on how these cells actually function in situ. Here we propose taking a "bottom-up" approach, by identifying the molecules (and interactions) that control glial function in situ. This is complicated by the fact that glia show profound changes when placed into culture. To circumvent this, we will use recently developed cell sorting techniques, to rapidly isolate genetically marked glial cells from brain – which can then be analyzed using advanced biochemical and physiological techniques. The long-term aim is to identify proteins that can be "tagged" using transgenic technologies to allow protein function to be studied in real-time in vivo, using sophisticated imaging techniques. Given the number of proteins that may be identified we envisage developing new methods of generating transgenic animals that provide an attractive alternative to current "state-of-the art" technology. The importance of studying glial function is given by the fact that every major brain pathology shows reactive gliosis. In the time it takes to read this abstract, 5 people in the EU will have suffered a stroke – not to mention those who suffer other forms of neurotrauma. Thus, understanding glial function is not only critical to understanding normal brain function, but also for relieving the burden of severe neurological injury and disease
Project acronym BRAINSHAPE
Project Objects in sight: the neural basis of visuomotor transformations for actions towards objects
Researcher (PI) Peter Anna J Janssen
Host Institution (HI) KATHOLIEKE UNIVERSITEIT LEUVEN
Summary Humans and other primates possess an exquisite capacity to grasp and manipulate objects. The seemingly effortless interaction with objects in everyday life is subserved by a number of cortical areas of the visual and the motor system. Recent research has highlighted that dorsal stream areas in the posterior parietal cortex are involved in object processing. Because parietal lesions do not impair object recognition, the encoding of object shape in posterior parietal cortex is considered to be important for the planning of actions towards objects. In order to succesfully grasp an object, the complex pattern of visual information impinging on the retina has to be transformed into a motor plan that can control the muscle contractions. The neural basis of visuomotor transformations necessary for directing actions towards objects, however, has remained largely unknown. This proposal aims to unravel the pathways and mechanisms involved in programming actions towards objects - an essential capacity for our very survival. We envision an integrated approach to study the transformation of visual information into motor commands in the macaque brain, combining functional imaging, single-cell recording, microstimulation and reversible inactivation. Our research efforts will be focussed on parietal area AIP and premotor area F5, two key brain areas for visually-guided grasping. Above all, this proposal will move beyond purely descriptive measurements of neural activity by implementing manipulations of brain activity to reveal behavioral effects and interdependencies of cortical areas. Finally the data obtained in this project will pave the way to use the neural activity recorded in visuomotor areas to act upon the environment by grasping objects by means of a robot hand.
Humans and other primates possess an exquisite capacity to grasp and manipulate objects. The seemingly effortless interaction with objects in everyday life is subserved by a number of cortical areas of the visual and the motor system. Recent research has highlighted that dorsal stream areas in the posterior parietal cortex are involved in object processing. Because parietal lesions do not impair object recognition, the encoding of object shape in posterior parietal cortex is considered to be important for the planning of actions towards objects. In order to succesfully grasp an object, the complex pattern of visual information impinging on the retina has to be transformed into a motor plan that can control the muscle contractions. The neural basis of visuomotor transformations necessary for directing actions towards objects, however, has remained largely unknown. This proposal aims to unravel the pathways and mechanisms involved in programming actions towards objects - an essential capacity for our very survival. We envision an integrated approach to study the transformation of visual information into motor commands in the macaque brain, combining functional imaging, single-cell recording, microstimulation and reversible inactivation. Our research efforts will be focussed on parietal area AIP and premotor area F5, two key brain areas for visually-guided grasping. Above all, this proposal will move beyond purely descriptive measurements of neural activity by implementing manipulations of brain activity to reveal behavioral effects and interdependencies of cortical areas. Finally the data obtained in this project will pave the way to use the neural activity recorded in visuomotor areas to act upon the environment by grasping objects by means of a robot hand.
Project acronym COUNTATOMS
Project Counting Atoms in nanomaterials
Researcher (PI) Gustaaf Van Tendeloo
Host Institution (HI) UNIVERSITEIT ANTWERPEN
Summary COUNTING ATOMS IN NANOMATERIALS Advanced electron microscopy for solid state materials has evolved from a qualitative imaging setup to a quantitative scientific technique. This will allow us not only to probe and better understand the fundamental behaviour of (nano) materials at an atomic level but also to guide technology towards new horizons. The installation in 2009 of a new and unique electron microscope with a real space resolution of 50 pm and an energy resolution of 100 meV will make it possible to perform unique experiments. We believe that the position of atoms at an interface or at a surface can be determined with a precision of 1 pm; this precision is essential as input for modelling the materials properties. It will be first applied to explain the fascinating behaviour of multilayer ceramic materials. The new experimental limits will also allow us to literally count the number of atoms within an atomic columns; particularly counting the number of foreign atoms. This will not only require experimental skills, but also theoretical support. A real challenge is probing the magnetic and electronic information of a single atom column. According to theory this would be possible using ultra high resolution. This new probing technique will be of extreme importance for e.g. spintronics. Modern (nano) technology more and more requires information in 3 dimensions (3D), rather than in 2D. This is possible through electron tomography; this technique will be optimised in order to obtain sub nanometer precision. A final challenge is the study of the interface between soft matter (bio- or organic materials) and hard matter. This was hitherto impossible because of the radiation damage of the electron beam. With the possibility to lower the voltage to 80 kV and possibly 50 kV, maintaining more or less the resolution, we will hopefully be able to probe the active sites for catalysis.
COUNTING ATOMS IN NANOMATERIALS Advanced electron microscopy for solid state materials has evolved from a qualitative imaging setup to a quantitative scientific technique. This will allow us not only to probe and better understand the fundamental behaviour of (nano) materials at an atomic level but also to guide technology towards new horizons. The installation in 2009 of a new and unique electron microscope with a real space resolution of 50 pm and an energy resolution of 100 meV will make it possible to perform unique experiments. We believe that the position of atoms at an interface or at a surface can be determined with a precision of 1 pm; this precision is essential as input for modelling the materials properties. It will be first applied to explain the fascinating behaviour of multilayer ceramic materials. The new experimental limits will also allow us to literally count the number of atoms within an atomic columns; particularly counting the number of foreign atoms. This will not only require experimental skills, but also theoretical support. A real challenge is probing the magnetic and electronic information of a single atom column. According to theory this would be possible using ultra high resolution. This new probing technique will be of extreme importance for e.g. spintronics. Modern (nano) technology more and more requires information in 3 dimensions (3D), rather than in 2D. This is possible through electron tomography; this technique will be optimised in order to obtain sub nanometer precision. A final challenge is the study of the interface between soft matter (bio- or organic materials) and hard matter. This was hitherto impossible because of the radiation damage of the electron beam. With the possibility to lower the voltage to 80 kV and possibly 50 kV, maintaining more or less the resolution, we will hopefully be able to probe the active sites for catalysis.
Project acronym GENDEVOCORTEX
Project Genetic links between development and evolution of the human cerebral cortex
Researcher (PI) Pierre Vanderhaeghen
Host Institution (HI) UNIVERSITE LIBRE DE BRUXELLES
Summary "The mechanisms underlying the evolution of the human brain constitute one of the most fascinating unresolved questions of biology. The cerebral cortex has evolved rapidly in size and complexity in the hominid lineage, which is likely linked to quantitative and qualitative divergence in patterns of cortical development. On the other hand, comparative genomics has revealed recently the existence of a number of ""hominid-specific"" genes, which constitute attractive candidates to underlie critical aspects of human brain evolution, but their function remains essentially unexplored, mostly because of the lack of appropriate experimental systems. Here we propose to test a simple and radical hypothesis: that key species-specific features of the development of the human cerebral cortex, in particular the generation and differentiation of pyramidal neurons, are linked functionally to the emergence of hominid-specific (HS) genes controlling corticogenesis. To achieve this high risk / high gain goal, we will first determine which HS genes are expressed in the human developing cortex in vivo, using a combination of genome-wide and in situ gene detection analyses, in order to select those most likely to impact corticogenesis. The function of candidate HS genes will be determined using innovative models of human corticogenesis based on pluripotent stem cells, developed recently in our laboratory, as well as ex vivo cultures of human fetal cortex. In addition, the developmental and evolutionary impact of HS genes will be examined in a non-hominid context, the mouse embryonic cortex. By identifying the function of hominid-specific genes in cortical developpment, we will uncover specific genetic mechanisms linking functionally the development and evolution of the human brain, with broad implications in neurobiology, developmental and evolutionary biology."
"The mechanisms underlying the evolution of the human brain constitute one of the most fascinating unresolved questions of biology. The cerebral cortex has evolved rapidly in size and complexity in the hominid lineage, which is likely linked to quantitative and qualitative divergence in patterns of cortical development. On the other hand, comparative genomics has revealed recently the existence of a number of ""hominid-specific"" genes, which constitute attractive candidates to underlie critical aspects of human brain evolution, but their function remains essentially unexplored, mostly because of the lack of appropriate experimental systems. Here we propose to test a simple and radical hypothesis: that key species-specific features of the development of the human cerebral cortex, in particular the generation and differentiation of pyramidal neurons, are linked functionally to the emergence of hominid-specific (HS) genes controlling corticogenesis. To achieve this high risk / high gain goal, we will first determine which HS genes are expressed in the human developing cortex in vivo, using a combination of genome-wide and in situ gene detection analyses, in order to select those most likely to impact corticogenesis. The function of candidate HS genes will be determined using innovative models of human corticogenesis based on pluripotent stem cells, developed recently in our laboratory, as well as ex vivo cultures of human fetal cortex. In addition, the developmental and evolutionary impact of HS genes will be examined in a non-hominid context, the mouse embryonic cortex. By identifying the function of hominid-specific genes in cortical developpment, we will uncover specific genetic mechanisms linking functionally the development and evolution of the human brain, with broad implications in neurobiology, developmental and evolutionary biology."
Project acronym MIRNA_AD
Project Role of microRNA dysregulation in Alzheimers Disease
Researcher (PI) Bart Geert Alfons Paul De Strooper
Call Details Advanced Grant (AdG), LS5, ERC-2010-AdG_20100317
Summary Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a major health problem in aging societies. Remarkable progress in the study of the rare genetic forms of the disease has lead to the identification of several key players like APP and the secretases, but the molecular basis of sporadic AD remains largely unresolved. The convergence of several factors (multicausality) has to be considered. miRNAs are crucially involved in normal brain functioning and integrity. Evidence obtained from analyzing a limited number of brains indicates that miRNA expression is affected in sporadic AD. We propose the hypothesis that such changes can affect normal functioning of neurons increasing their susceptibility to AD. We will document in 3 brain regions in >100 sporadic AD patients and in >100 controls alterations in miRNA expression and explore whether similar alterations can be detected in cerebrospinal fluid. This part of the study will firmly establish which miRNAs are altered in AD. We will then investigate the functional relevance of those miRNAs by gain and loss of function experiments in brains of zebra fish and mice. We will determine the target genes of the miRNA with genetic and proteomic approaches, and establish the functional networks controlled by those miRNA. We anticipate that this will lead to complete novel insights in the role of miRNAs in AD and in maintenance of brain integrity. Our work is likely to have diagnostic relevance for AD and will identify novel drug targets for the disease.
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a major health problem in aging societies. Remarkable progress in the study of the rare genetic forms of the disease has lead to the identification of several key players like APP and the secretases, but the molecular basis of sporadic AD remains largely unresolved. The convergence of several factors (multicausality) has to be considered. miRNAs are crucially involved in normal brain functioning and integrity. Evidence obtained from analyzing a limited number of brains indicates that miRNA expression is affected in sporadic AD. We propose the hypothesis that such changes can affect normal functioning of neurons increasing their susceptibility to AD. We will document in 3 brain regions in >100 sporadic AD patients and in >100 controls alterations in miRNA expression and explore whether similar alterations can be detected in cerebrospinal fluid. This part of the study will firmly establish which miRNAs are altered in AD. We will then investigate the functional relevance of those miRNAs by gain and loss of function experiments in brains of zebra fish and mice. We will determine the target genes of the miRNA with genetic and proteomic approaches, and establish the functional networks controlled by those miRNA. We anticipate that this will lead to complete novel insights in the role of miRNAs in AD and in maintenance of brain integrity. Our work is likely to have diagnostic relevance for AD and will identify novel drug targets for the disease.
Project acronym ModifALS
Project From zebrafish to man Modifying amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS): translation of biology into therapy
Researcher (PI) Wim Robberecht
Summary Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease of the motor neurons. As for other neurodegenerative disorders, translation of newly acquired biological insights into therapies has been difficult. In the current project we intend to contribute to the development of therapeutic approaches for ALS. We want to generate novel models, identify new therapeutic targets for intervention, and translate these into validated options for drug development in ALS. This will be done by establishing a continuous line of research from the (unbiased) screening for targets in a small animal model (zebrafish), to the exploration of their therapeutic potential, and the validation in patients. In addition, by exploring the significance of some of the findings for other neurodegenerative disorders, we hope to demonstrate this approach to be valid for the field of neurodegenerative disorders in general. This research will be performed bases on 6 work packages (WP): 1.screening of a zebrafish model for ALS to identify therapeutic targets; 2. validation of these targets in larger vertebrate ALS models; 3. investigation of the mechanism of action of these targets in order to establish approaches to interfere with them; 4. validation of these targets in human ALS; 5. generation of preclinical data on these targets; 6. exploration of the possible role of these targets in other neurodegenerative diseases. Results from WP1 will be used for further research in WP2, results from WP2 in WP3, etc. We have gathered a large set of data in preparatory work in zebrafish, enabling us to start all WPs from the beginning of the project on. This project involves collaborations with several other groups, national and international, which all have been established. Furthermore, all transgenic mice needed to initiate all these WPs have been generated and available to us.
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease of the motor neurons. As for other neurodegenerative disorders, translation of newly acquired biological insights into therapies has been difficult. In the current project we intend to contribute to the development of therapeutic approaches for ALS. We want to generate novel models, identify new therapeutic targets for intervention, and translate these into validated options for drug development in ALS. This will be done by establishing a continuous line of research from the (unbiased) screening for targets in a small animal model (zebrafish), to the exploration of their therapeutic potential, and the validation in patients. In addition, by exploring the significance of some of the findings for other neurodegenerative disorders, we hope to demonstrate this approach to be valid for the field of neurodegenerative disorders in general. This research will be performed bases on 6 work packages (WP): 1.screening of a zebrafish model for ALS to identify therapeutic targets; 2. validation of these targets in larger vertebrate ALS models; 3. investigation of the mechanism of action of these targets in order to establish approaches to interfere with them; 4. validation of these targets in human ALS; 5. generation of preclinical data on these targets; 6. exploration of the possible role of these targets in other neurodegenerative diseases. Results from WP1 will be used for further research in WP2, results from WP2 in WP3, etc. We have gathered a large set of data in preparatory work in zebrafish, enabling us to start all WPs from the beginning of the project on. This project involves collaborations with several other groups, national and international, which all have been established. Furthermore, all transgenic mice needed to initiate all these WPs have been generated and available to us.
Project acronym ORGANITRA
Project Transport of phosphorylated compounds across lipid bilayers by supramolecular receptors
Researcher (PI) Elisabeth VAN DIJK
Summary This ORGANITRA project addresses transmembrane transport. Lipid bilayer membranes not only define the borders of cells and their compartments but are also implicated in metabolic processes and signal transduction. Membranes function as impermeable barriers for ionic and hydrophilic species which can only cross the membrane with the aid of dedicated membrane proteins. For biotechnological and biophysical applications, the development of anion carriers that can bind an anion and transport it across the lipid bilayer could be of great relevance. In this project, synthetic anion receptors will be developed to bind biologically relevant organic phosphorylated compounds, like nucleotides. These receptors will then be used to transport these organophosphates across membranes. The receptors will be synthesised by dynamic combinatorial chemistry. Building blocks containing urea or thiourea groups, for efficient phosphate binding, will be connected to multi-armed scaffolds by hydrazone groups. The dynamic character of these bonds will be used to identify efficient receptors from libraries of compounds, using different phosphorylated compounds as templates. With this approach, selective receptors for different nucleotides and related compounds can be obtained. The transport performance of the receptors will be evaluated with newly developed assays. Liposomes will be used as model systems and transport will be monitored by fluorescence spectroscopy using the quenching of the emission of an encapsulated phosphate sensitive dye. Additionally, the mechanism of the transport processes will be elucidated by fluorescence and 1H and 31P NMR spectroscopies. Transmembrane carriers for phosphorylated compounds will make it possible to selectively introduce nucleotides into liposomes and cells, opening the way to fuel enzymes with adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in liposomes as biotechnological nanoreactors and to study nucleotide-dependent biochemical processes in cells.
This ORGANITRA project addresses transmembrane transport. Lipid bilayer membranes not only define the borders of cells and their compartments but are also implicated in metabolic processes and signal transduction. Membranes function as impermeable barriers for ionic and hydrophilic species which can only cross the membrane with the aid of dedicated membrane proteins. For biotechnological and biophysical applications, the development of anion carriers that can bind an anion and transport it across the lipid bilayer could be of great relevance. In this project, synthetic anion receptors will be developed to bind biologically relevant organic phosphorylated compounds, like nucleotides. These receptors will then be used to transport these organophosphates across membranes. The receptors will be synthesised by dynamic combinatorial chemistry. Building blocks containing urea or thiourea groups, for efficient phosphate binding, will be connected to multi-armed scaffolds by hydrazone groups. The dynamic character of these bonds will be used to identify efficient receptors from libraries of compounds, using different phosphorylated compounds as templates. With this approach, selective receptors for different nucleotides and related compounds can be obtained. The transport performance of the receptors will be evaluated with newly developed assays. Liposomes will be used as model systems and transport will be monitored by fluorescence spectroscopy using the quenching of the emission of an encapsulated phosphate sensitive dye. Additionally, the mechanism of the transport processes will be elucidated by fluorescence and 1H and 31P NMR spectroscopies. Transmembrane carriers for phosphorylated compounds will make it possible to selectively introduce nucleotides into liposomes and cells, opening the way to fuel enzymes with adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in liposomes as biotechnological nanoreactors and to study nucleotide-dependent biochemical processes in cells.
Project acronym PEPTIDELEARNING
Project The Role of Neuropeptides in Learning and Memory
Researcher (PI) Liliane Schoofs
Summary Humanity has always been intrigued by the nearly mythical properties of the brain. With its billions of neurons and innumerable connections, the brain is of such complex nature, that trying to understand it may seem a vain project. Yet, by using the 'mini-brain' of the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans, which shares many components with the human brain but counts only 302 neurons, thorough research can penetrate into this complexity. We here pursue to deliver a much-needed understanding of how learning and memory processes are regulated by neuropeptide signaling in the brain. Neuropeptides are small regulatory proteins that are implicated in a variety of processes. Growing evidence exists for their involvement in learning and memory, but how they exert these effects is largely unexplored. In C. elegans we recently disentangled a conserved vasopressin/ocytocin-related system that –as in humans– mediates associative learning. As such, we can deliver the experience, model and logical approach to provide detailed insights in neuropeptidergic control of learning and memory. We will first identify the endogenous ligand of all orphan C. elegans neuropeptide GPCRs, as this will provide the essential basis to build this project on. Mutants of neuropeptide-receptor pairs will then be tested for their ability to learn or maintain associative short- or long-term memory. We will also define in which cells and circuits relevant neuropeptides and receptors are needed for these functions, in order to generate models of neuropeptidergic control of learning and memory. We envisage the use of novel tools and cutting-edge experimental setups to take this research beyond its current horizon. Via single cell RNA sequencing, optogenetic analyses and in vivo calcium imaging, we will develop a workflow to build integrative models of associative learning and memory processes mediated by neuropeptides, which will serve as a scaffold for the study of these processes in more complex brains.
Humanity has always been intrigued by the nearly mythical properties of the brain. With its billions of neurons and innumerable connections, the brain is of such complex nature, that trying to understand it may seem a vain project. Yet, by using the 'mini-brain' of the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans, which shares many components with the human brain but counts only 302 neurons, thorough research can penetrate into this complexity. We here pursue to deliver a much-needed understanding of how learning and memory processes are regulated by neuropeptide signaling in the brain. Neuropeptides are small regulatory proteins that are implicated in a variety of processes. Growing evidence exists for their involvement in learning and memory, but how they exert these effects is largely unexplored. In C. elegans we recently disentangled a conserved vasopressin/ocytocin-related system that –as in humans– mediates associative learning. As such, we can deliver the experience, model and logical approach to provide detailed insights in neuropeptidergic control of learning and memory. We will first identify the endogenous ligand of all orphan C. elegans neuropeptide GPCRs, as this will provide the essential basis to build this project on. Mutants of neuropeptide-receptor pairs will then be tested for their ability to learn or maintain associative short- or long-term memory. We will also define in which cells and circuits relevant neuropeptides and receptors are needed for these functions, in order to generate models of neuropeptidergic control of learning and memory. We envisage the use of novel tools and cutting-edge experimental setups to take this research beyond its current horizon. Via single cell RNA sequencing, optogenetic analyses and in vivo calcium imaging, we will develop a workflow to build integrative models of associative learning and memory processes mediated by neuropeptides, which will serve as a scaffold for the study of these processes in more complex brains.
Project acronym PHOCONA
Project Photonics in Flatland: Band Structure Engineering of 2D Excitons in Fluorescent Colloidal Nanomaterials
Researcher (PI) Iwan Moreels
Host Institution (HI) UNIVERSITEIT GENT
Summary In PHOCONA we aim to develop a new class of highly fluorescent 2D and quasi-2D colloidal nanomaterials for solution-processed coherent light sources and ultrafast single-photon emitters. The 2D excitons are created in suspended semiconductor nanoplates with a thickness below 5 nm, and transition-metal dichalcogenide monolayers. Prepared by colloidal chemistry and liquid-phase exfoliation, respectively, they take advantage of both quantum confinement through their nanoscale dimensions, as well as dielectric confinement via the dielectric mismatch between nanomaterials and surrounding matrix. Via smart nanocrystal design, more specifically by exploiting novel synthesis methods that include asymmetric in-plane confinement potentials, anisotropic crystal structures, and lattice strain-induced band structure modifications in core/shell heterostructures, the nanomaterials will be shaped toward efficient multiexciton and stimulated emission, as well as stable, blinking-free single-photon emission. The intrinsic 2D exciton properties will be further modified toward ultrafast exciton recombination by coupling the nanomaterials to small mode-volume plasmonic nanocavities, hereby placing them in a local photon density-of-states that will lead to a strong Purcell enhancement. The realization of cost-effective, energy-efficient and highly flexible light emitters, which can be synthesized and processed via methods that are scalable to large areas and volumes, forms an important milestone in the ongoing development of optical and quantum communications technology, as well as new lighting and display applications.
In PHOCONA we aim to develop a new class of highly fluorescent 2D and quasi-2D colloidal nanomaterials for solution-processed coherent light sources and ultrafast single-photon emitters. The 2D excitons are created in suspended semiconductor nanoplates with a thickness below 5 nm, and transition-metal dichalcogenide monolayers. Prepared by colloidal chemistry and liquid-phase exfoliation, respectively, they take advantage of both quantum confinement through their nanoscale dimensions, as well as dielectric confinement via the dielectric mismatch between nanomaterials and surrounding matrix. Via smart nanocrystal design, more specifically by exploiting novel synthesis methods that include asymmetric in-plane confinement potentials, anisotropic crystal structures, and lattice strain-induced band structure modifications in core/shell heterostructures, the nanomaterials will be shaped toward efficient multiexciton and stimulated emission, as well as stable, blinking-free single-photon emission. The intrinsic 2D exciton properties will be further modified toward ultrafast exciton recombination by coupling the nanomaterials to small mode-volume plasmonic nanocavities, hereby placing them in a local photon density-of-states that will lead to a strong Purcell enhancement. The realization of cost-effective, energy-efficient and highly flexible light emitters, which can be synthesized and processed via methods that are scalable to large areas and volumes, forms an important milestone in the ongoing development of optical and quantum communications technology, as well as new lighting and display applications.
Project acronym PLASMHACAT
Project Plasmonics-based Energy Harvesting for Catalysis
Researcher (PI) Hiroshi Ujii
Summary Many critical photochemical and photophysical processes, from photosynthesis in plants, to photocatalytic reactions, and to generation of electricity in solar cells, depend on an efficient light-matter interaction. In order to increase, for example, the efficiency of photocatalysis, the interaction of the photocatalyst with light has to be increased. This project will pursue two lines of investigation in order to achieve this. Firstly, the concept of light-harvesting will be exploited. Light energy can be harvested by collecting, directing and concentrating it at a reaction center, in a fashion that mimics that used by plants. Secondly, for specific types of catalysis such as noble metal nano-particle (NP) based catalysis, the plasmon light field at the metal NPs can potentially be used to enable a more efficient light-matter interaction. The applicant proposes to combine both approaches, to create a plasmonic antenna to funnel light to a reaction center, whilst at the same time using the plasmons generated as an efficient reaction field in catalysis. The outcome will make it possible to drastically increase activities of (photo)catalysts, enabling their efficient operation under sunlight or even in weak room light conditions. For this, the project firstly adevelops novel photo-induced synthesis for metal NPs, both in solution and at surfaces, as well as at arranging the NPs in effective antennae. Secondly, microscopy modes will be developed/implemented that allow monitoring the growth of the NPs in situ, that allow checking the quality of the arrays and that allow in situ monitoring of catalytic test reactions. These knowledge will be applied to 'real world' (photo)catalysts (gold NP catalysis and TiO2, respectively). This project will thus result in new light-induced synthesis and fabrication methods of NPs; in new and/or improved microscopy modes and spectroscopic schemes in order to study the relationship between plasmonic properties and chemical reactions.
Many critical photochemical and photophysical processes, from photosynthesis in plants, to photocatalytic reactions, and to generation of electricity in solar cells, depend on an efficient light-matter interaction. In order to increase, for example, the efficiency of photocatalysis, the interaction of the photocatalyst with light has to be increased. This project will pursue two lines of investigation in order to achieve this. Firstly, the concept of light-harvesting will be exploited. Light energy can be harvested by collecting, directing and concentrating it at a reaction center, in a fashion that mimics that used by plants. Secondly, for specific types of catalysis such as noble metal nano-particle (NP) based catalysis, the plasmon light field at the metal NPs can potentially be used to enable a more efficient light-matter interaction. The applicant proposes to combine both approaches, to create a plasmonic antenna to funnel light to a reaction center, whilst at the same time using the plasmons generated as an efficient reaction field in catalysis. The outcome will make it possible to drastically increase activities of (photo)catalysts, enabling their efficient operation under sunlight or even in weak room light conditions. For this, the project firstly adevelops novel photo-induced synthesis for metal NPs, both in solution and at surfaces, as well as at arranging the NPs in effective antennae. Secondly, microscopy modes will be developed/implemented that allow monitoring the growth of the NPs in situ, that allow checking the quality of the arrays and that allow in situ monitoring of catalytic test reactions. These knowledge will be applied to 'real world' (photo)catalysts (gold NP catalysis and TiO2, respectively). This project will thus result in new light-induced synthesis and fabrication methods of NPs; in new and/or improved microscopy modes and spectroscopic schemes in order to study the relationship between plasmonic properties and chemical reactions.


This is National Tree Week, and Mr Swift's IIIb CSPE set have planted a mountain ash as their Action Project; see a report on the College site here. So it's appropriate to have as our 61st Poem of the Week one of the great poems about trees, Gerard Manley Hopkins's 'Binsey Poplars'.
Poster (above) by Lily Guinness.


text:
Here Not There... Again
Adventures of Bonnie and Jim
LOLA ROCKS, TURNER PAINTS AND HOW AMERICA PLAYS ON THIS SIDE OF POND
August 3, 2015 by Bonnie
We've seen a lot of theatre lately. "Lampedusa" and "Silence" were brilliant, small plays. The latter is one-man performance piece about a homeless man; the other about the horror of immigrants, in a fruitless effort to escape to Italy, drowning on the journey. They were both very heavy, but amazing. So intelligent and moving. The kind of drama that only works in the theatre. "The Number" by Caryl Churchill, whom I love, at the Young Vic got great reviews but was boring.
The most fun was "Sunny Afternoon," a musical about the Kinks. We went with Sadie and Tim and we all adored it. Although popular, the Kinks weren't the phenomenon in the US that they were in Britain. Ray Davies is beloved and an inspirational character in many ways. I've always LOVED the Kinks. For the moment, we're musically all Kinks, all the time.
The stories about the US that are playing here: Mainly the stories we read about the States is massively depressing, ridiculous or dumbfounding. People are CONSTANTLY baffled about Americans love of guns. Donald Trump gets air time. Nobody can believe a buffoon like him can get so much attention and be taken seriously by anybody. We are asked about the kind of people that would want Trump. The other story that's getting a LOT of play is sexism in Hollywood. Not that there's no sexism here, but let's focus on Hollywood. It's a boys club and the boys aren't about to let the girls in. We threaten them. Poor sods are massively insecure. What they know, or at least intuit, is that women are superior creatively and intellectually. I don't give a damn what fucking "Ant Man" takes in. When you sit in the Eurostar waiting room in Belgium and watch the promo on a 20 foot monitor, on an endless rotation and watch Paul Rudd spinning down the drain, it's beyond ridiculous. I thought maybe the film was a spoof, but apparently not. Watching the promo, it looked like an ad for Comet Cleanser (does Comet even exist anymore). I'd rather eat Comet than watch "Ant Man." My time is too precious and there's far too little of it left.
I've been reading quite a bit but not like Jim who has basically read everything that's been written in the last decade. One of the books I read is "We're Completely Beside Ourselves", which got fabulous reviews and was nominated for a Booker or some other fancy literary award, was a disappointment. I would love to talk to people who read it. Anyone out there? It got me thinking again about the subjectivity of "art." Which brings me to Turner. I had a completely different reaction to Turner when we saw his paintings in the National Gallery a few days than I've had before. Because I've started to paint (and shouldn't even say his name in the same paragraph as mine!), I have an appreciation for him that I didn't have before. It's one of the benefits of having taken up…a hobby? I don't know if it's a hobby because I'm not sure what that means. But as a result of expanding my horizons and playing around with painting, it's expanded my appreciation and understanding of real painting. And art, in general.
I ended up having dinner two nights in a row with ex-pats living in London. Both nights we ate in "gastro pubs" which are A big thing and many have fantastic food. One friend is an adorable, young single woman living with her chef boyfriend; the other a married couple with two 17 year old kids who moved from LA. In both instances, they'd been here around 9 years. We asked them if they ever miss the U.S. and to my surprise, they all answered "no." I guess what surprised me was that they didn't fit my "image" of ex-pats. It's also surprising how many Americans I hear and see, particularly young (in their 20s) ones who are living here. Last night in the theatre when Jim was talking to the British couple next to him they asked where he was from. Where the couple sitting in the row in front of us heard Jim say "LA", they turned around and said they were from Santa Monica and lived in Laurel Canyon before that! The world can be so enormous and microscopic at the same time.
We went to Shoreditch to have dinner with a remarkable friend from Amnesty International. We met her for dinner in Shoreditch, another area of London considered nowhere ten years ago and now very cool and hip. It was overflowing with young hipsters. Or London's version of hipsters. There are a LOT less tats here than in LA. Often when you see someone displaying their ink, they're from the States. Fortunately, people in Europe have a sense of history and are less likely to permanently alter themselves.
Kukla and Tootsie had another first – a tube ride. Tootsie did her Tootsie whine the entire ride. The weird thing about the whine is that it doesn't sound like it's coming from her. It's as though she's a ventriloquist. Sometimes we LITERALLY have to put our ear against her to make sure the sound it emanating from her. The dogs. When we out with them we are besieged. I keep telling Jim we should charge ONE POUND to let people take their picture with the dogs. We could give The Donald a run for his (inherited) $$. All across the world, from Africa to America to Australia people have their picture taken with our dogs. It's hilarious.
St. Martin in the Field and, of course, scaffolding. All the great sites of the world have to be seen through scaffolding!
The National Gallery is gorgeous. The architecture as thrilling as the art.
Inside the National Gallery
Bag pipes outside The National Gallery. This guy was amazing.
Manifesto of the Homeless Bard outside The National Gallery
Street art by homeless man outside The National Gallery
Trafalger Square. That's Lord Nelson with his back to you! In the far distance, Big Ben.
Two of my favorite men – Jim and Tim, before the theatre.
Waterloo Station…a song by the Kinks about, Waterloo Station!
Outside of "Sunny Afternoon", the show about the Kinks. It was fabulous. So much fun!
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Qureshi praises Qatars timely measures to contain Covid-19
ISLAMABAD: Foreign Minister Shah Mahmood Qureshi held a telephone conversation Thursday with Qatar's Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister Mohammad bin Abdulrahman Al Thani, addressing the situation arising from the rapid spread of the Covid-19 pandemic.
Foreign Minister Qureshi said Pakistan is deploying all the resources available to curb the spread of the Covid-19 pandemic and that its effects.
He praised the timely steps taken by the Qatari government that had helped to curb Qatar's disease.
The foreign minister has told his Qatari counterpart about Prime Minister Imran Khans calling for debt relief and reform in order to allow developed countries to free up money to battle the epidemic and help economies.
Qureshi also praised the role the state of Qatar has played in promoting the Afghanistan peace process.
The Minister of Foreign Affairs expressed deep concern about the situation in Indian Occupied Jammu and Kashmir (IOJ&K), where the coronavirus had spread and deaths were reported.
Continued movement and contact restrictions were imperiling the health and safety of eight million Kashmiris, he said.
He called for an immediate lifting of all restrictions to enable information dissemination and unfettered supply of medicines, as well as other essential items.
The Minister of Foreign Affairs also called for the immediate release of all Kashmiri politicians, youth and members of civil society who had languished in Indian jails and were at increased risk of infection.
The Qatari foreign minister thanked Shah Mahmood Qureshi for his call and stressed the steps Qatar is taking to contain the pandemic.
He emphasized the value of learning from the experience of the countries that had successfully managed to contain the disease.
As an significant and timely initiative, Al Thani described Pakistan's call for debt restructuring for developing countries and claimed that Qatar supported it.
The two ministers emphasized the need for collaborative efforts to address the current challenges and agreed to remain closely involved on all matters of mutual interest.
Read More: Pakistan condemns India's domicile law in IoK, calls it 'reprehensible'
Tags: coronavirusKashmirqatarShah Mahmood Qureshi
Debt relief essential for developing countries in current situation: WHO
PM says 12 million poor families registered, yet data of 80 percent labours missing
KP govt asks opposition to shelve Peshawar rally due to terrorism threat
Mortar bomb fired from Afghanistan leaves seven of a family dead


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SALT Announces Its Signature Global Thought Leadership Conference In Abu Dhabi, UAE
Abu Dhabi Global Market, strategic partner of SALT, Supports First-of-Such Conference in the Middle East and Africa that Focuses on Global Collaboration at the Intersection of Finance, Technology and Geopolitics ABU DHABI, United Arab Emirates, June 17, 2019 /PRNewswire/ — On the heels of its successful 10th anniversary flagship conference in Las Vegas, SALT announced […]
Africa, Press ReleasesMENA, South Africa
CHANGSHA, Chine, 17 juin 2019 /PRNewswire/ — Zoomlion Heavy Industry Science & Technology Co., Ltd. (Zoomlion) participera à la première exposition économique et commerciale sino-africaine (« l'Expo ») qui se déroulera du 27 au 29 juin à Changsha, dans la province du Hunan, en Chine. Le groupe mettra en valeur neuf produits de machinerie agricole et de construction. […]
Africa, Press ReleasesSouth Africa
Egypt Agrees to Pay Israel $500 Million to End Gas Dispute
CAIRO – Egypt says it has struck a deal with the state-owned Israel Electric Corp to settle a fine for halting deliveries of natural gas. A statement from Egypt's Petroleum Ministry said the settlement deal, which was signed Sunday, would reduce the $1…
Former Egyptian President Morsi Dies in Court
Egypt's former President Mohamed Morsi, the country's first democratically elected head of state who was later ousted from power, collapsed and died during a court session. Officials said the 67-year-old had just addressed the court in Cairo during hi…
Triple Suicide Attack Kills at Least 30 in Northeast Nigeria
MAIDUGURI, NIGERIA – At least 30 people were killed in a triple suicide attack in northeast Nigerian state of Borno, state emergency officials said on Monday – the biggest mass killing this year by Islamist militants.No group has yet claimed responsibi…
STATE DEPARTMENT – The United States is reopening its permanent U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) Mission in Somalia, 28 years since its closing on January 5, 1991.Although the U.S. never formally severed diplomatic relations with Somal…


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Margaret McLean
Posted August 19, 2016 November 30, 2018 admin
Margaret McLean, circa 1863
Margaret Arnot
Irvine, North Ayrshire, Scotland
14 February 1923(1923-02-14) (aged 77)
Malvern, Victoria
Temperance activist, women's rights advocate
William McLean
Parent(s)
Andrew Arnot
Agnes Russell
Margaret McLean (née Arnot) (7 April 1845 – 14 February 1923) was a Scottish Australian temperance and women's rights advocate.
2 Activism
3 Later years
She was born Margaret Arnot in 1845 at Irvine, North Ayrshire, Scotland. She was the eldest child of Andrew Arnot and Agnes Russell.[1][2] In 1849, the family relocated to East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, where McLean attended and taught at the United Methodist Free Church School in Fitzroy, Victoria. After leaving school, she studied teaching at the Melbourne Training Institution for teachers, graduating in 1862 before starting work as a teacher at St James' Cathedral School. On 10 March 1869,[2] she married William McLean, a merchant, with whom she lived in Kew, Victoria and had 11 children: six daughters and five sons.[1]
McLean became a strong advocate of the temperance and women's suffrage movements. In 1891 she was the first to sign – out of an eventual total of 30,000 signatures collected in a door-to-door campaign[3] – the Victorian Women's Petition for the Franchise, which was presented to parliament that year.[2] She signed under the name "Mrs. William McLean", perhaps suggesting her husband's support.[4][2] She was a founding member and coordinator of the Melbourne branch of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) of Victoria; she was president of the organisation for two periods, 1892–93 and 1899–1907.[1][5] Weekly meetings were held at "Torloisk", the name of her home in East Melbourne.[6] Through the WCTU she became involved in the movement towards women's suffrage in Victoria and published two widely circulated pamphlets about the issue, Womanhood Suffrage and More About Womanhood Suffrage.[1] She was responsible for leading a delegation to Victoria's Chief Commissioner of Police in 1897 to encourage the employment of female police officers and the designation of female-specific lockup facilities.[6] In 1902, she helped in establishing the National Council of Women of Victoria, which advocated for juvenile courts and police matrons, in addition to women's suffrage.[1] She was also involved in her local Collins Street Baptist Church, where she taught Bible classes for young women.[6]
Although she retired in 1907 due to poor health, McLean continued working with the Baptist Church and in social advocacy, and was appointed an honorary vice-president of the WCTU of Victoria.[1] She was always photographed wearing a white bow, the WCTU's symbol of purity.[2] She died in February 1923 at Malvern, Victoria.[1]
^ a b c d e f g Hyslop, Anthea (1986). "McLean, Margaret (1845–1923)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. Retrieved 17 September 2014.
^ a b c d e Colwell, Jenni (18 March 2009). "McLean, Margaret (1845–1923)". Retrieved 4 October 2014.
^ "Women's Suffrage Petition – Background". Parliament of Victoria. 9 September 2010. Retrieved 4 October 2014.
^ An Information on marriage life of Margaret McLean and William McLean http://emhs.org.au/history/people/mclean_margaret_1845-1923
^ Lake, Marilyn; Kelly, Farley (1985). Double Time: Women in Victoria, 150 Years. Penguin. p. 125. ISBN 0140060022. (footnote 4)
^ a b c Brown, Basil S. (2004). "MCLEAN, Margaret (1845–1923)". Australian Pentecostal Studies. Archived from the original on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 17 September 2014.
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source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_McLean
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Can Bristol-Myers Squibb Squeeze $3.6 Billion From Its Nektar Therapeutics Deal?
Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. (NYSE: BMY) recently signed a huge deal with Nektar Therapeutics (NASDAQ: NKTR) to secure a minority stake in an experimental drug that produced some interesting data last fall. In short, it looks like Nektar's candidate could revive sales of Opdivo.
Opdivo has been Bristol's lead growth driver since it launched the cancer therapy a few years ago, but its trajectory has started to flatten out. Let's look at reasons Bristol-Myers was so eager to sign a deal with Nektar to gauge the chances of it paying off in the years ahead.
Problem solved?
Bristol-Myers recorded $4.9 billion in Opdivo sales last year, but its rapid ascent since launching in 2014 is starting to sputter. Fourth-quarter sales of the drug were just 4% higher than the prior-year period. Now that Opdivo comprises around 25% of total sales for the company, overall growth could be hard to come by if Bristol-Myers can't reignite its launch.
Opdivo belongs to a class of drugs that don't fight cancer directly; they just block PD-L1 on the surface of tumor cells from shutting down local immune system attacks. Unfortunately, Opdivo and related drugs don't seem to work so well when patients' tumor cells don't have much PD-L1 on their surface. Bristol paid through the nose to get its hands on Nektar's candidate because patients without much PD-L1 on their tumor cells responded well to Opdivo in combination with NKTR-214 during the first part of a mid-stage clinical trial.
The first part of the Pivot-2 study enrolled 36 patients with melanoma, kidney cancer, and lung cancer and then treated them with different dosages of Nektar's NKTR-214 and Opdivo. Some patients were in stage 3 and others were in stage 4. Some patients had progressed after treatment with standard drugs, and others hadn't been treated yet. With so much variation among a small sample size, the Pivot-2 trial data was a little hard to interpret. What everyone noticed, though, was that tumors shrank for 26 of 36 patients regardless of their PD-L1 status.
Hooray for Nektar
Last year, Merck & Co. (NYSE: MRK) recorded surging sales of its PD-1 checkpoint inhibitor, Keytruda, driven by an approval to treat new lung cancer patients with tumors considered strongly PD-L1 positive. Only about 25% of patients have strongly PD-L1 positive tumors, but there were enough to help boost Keytruda sales 172% higher in 2017 to $3.8 billion.
If NKTR-214 really can make Opdivo or Keytruda work for patients across the board as well as it does for those with high PD-L1 expression, Bristol-Myers was right to lock down exclusive rights to develop the candidate for 20 indications across nine tumor types.
Bristol paid Nektar a cool $1.0 billion up front and bought around 5% of the biotech's shares for another $850 million. Nektar remains eligible for $1.78 billion in various milestones plus a big 65% of any global profits NKTR-214 generates if it eventually launches. Although Nektar remains eligible for the lion's share of profits, it's on the hook for less than one-third of development expenses.
Clearly, Nektar had the upper hand in these negotiations. Keytruda and Opdivo are the current class leaders, but Roche, AstraZeneca, and Pfizer market their own anti-PD1 drugs that they'd like to expand to wider populations as well. I'd say there's a slim chance of seeing a direct return on Bristol's investment in NKTR-214 from the drug itself. If it opens up Opdivo to a much larger patient population, though, the overall benefit would be worth the big up-front expense.
Bristol-Myers Squibb has 14 months to begin registration enabling studies in more than 20 indications. That means we can expect a lot of pivotal trial data from Opdivo, Yervoy, and NKTR-214 in the quarters ahead.
Unfortunately for Bristol, Keytruda's popularity in the first-line lung cancer setting is on the rise now. Earlier this month, independent data monitors peeked into a pivotal first-line lung cancer trial with Opdivo plus Yervoy to perform a futility analysis. According to Bristol, researchers noted what looks like a highly significant survival benefit, but the company didn't back its claim with any figures.
While we wait for Opdivo plus Yervoy data, investors will want to keep an eye open for results from the expanded, 330-patient stage of the Pivot-2 study. With much larger groups, we'll get a better idea of whether Nektar's candidate can kick Opdivo's sales growth back into high gear when the expansion phase wraps up, probably in October.
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Criss-crossing "stitches" enliven the colorful, silky look of the jacquard Gallivant. Each vibrant colorway includes a myriad of hues, making this the perfect fabric to bridge many colors in a scheme. Available in seven rich colorways.


The NXS is a bottom-grinding beast. In 12-16 feet of water, it will dig into the bottom to mimic feeding baitfish or crawdads. The butyrate body is extremely buoyant, which allows you to back it out of snags if they happen.


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Surprise! Michael Moore Made a Secret Donald Trump Movie, and It Opens This Week
With Where to Invade Next, audiences saw a different, more optimistic side of Michael Moore. It was a fairly fun movie — at least in comparison to Moore's other films, which are typically pessimistic about American politics. But if you thought the outspoken documentarian might sustain that positive attitude for his next film, you were mistaken. Moore's latest project is a documentary he's been working on in secret, and it's all about this election year's most controversial candidate: Donald Trump.
It's no secret that Moore despises Trump (as it turns out, even most members of the Republican party aren't standing behind the guy), so his surprise unveiling of Michael Moore in TrumpLand isn't entirely surprising. The documentary is based on Moore's one-man show, which he had initially planned to perform live at a theater in Ohio. Instead, he turned the concept into a doc, which premieres tonight, October 18, at the IFC Center in New York, where it will screen for free.
Moore initially expressed his belief that Donald Trump would not win the 2016 presidential election, but during an appearance on Real Time With Bill Maher back in July, the filmmaker changed his tune to something decidedly more fatalistic and said, "Trump is going to win. I'm sorry." He expanded on that statement with a post on his blog titled "5 Reasons Why Trump Will Win."
The director has been teasing the new doc for the last couple of days over on his official Twitter account:
And here's the official synopsis for the surprise project:
See the film Ohio Republicans tried to shut down. Oscar-winner Michael Moore dives right into hostile territory with his daring and hilarious one-man show, deep in the heart of TrumpLand in the weeks before the 2016 election.
Michael Moore in TrumpLand begins its theatrical run on October 19.
Filed Under: Donald Trump, Michael Moore


2015 Movies In Review: September / October | Warped Factor - Words in the Key of Geek.
Did you enjoy Cast Away?
Did you enjoy Apollo 13?
Do you like Matt Damon?
If you can answer yes to all three of those, grab your popcorn, grab a drink, and settle down. You have nothing to fear from The Martian, and in fact, you're likely to have a cracking time.
It's half 'man marooned on a desert island…only in space,' half 'we left a dead man behind, except he's not freakin' dead after all, how the hell do we get him home?' (if you want a high-concept boil-down, you could call it Saving Private Ryan In Space) but – and this is massively important – it's a mixture that's welded together by the character of Mark Watney, 'the Martian' himself.
Crimson Peak is stunning. From its visuals to Jessica Chastain stealing the show (no joke, she's bloody amazing. From the first moment she's on screen she has this dark presence), everything about this film is wonderful.
I have a love and hate relationship with horror, just because how cheap and tacky, while riddled with clichés it can be; but Crimson Peak has made me love the genre again, even if it's not completely a horror. Gothic Romance is a better term to use, but that could put many people off of seeing it. Lets say, it's a gothic romance, but with a disturbing story and imagery, and gruesomely violent scenes, because this film is anything but romantic.
It's actually not terrible. That's the phrase I surprisingly found myself saying after watching Hotel Transylvania 2.
Naturally I assumed the worst. I mean, I like to go into a movie open-minded, but Adam Sandler + sequel.... well, you do the math. But it was OK. Yes, most of the funnier stuff is revealed in the trailer, and the story itself is a little on the lite side, but it's a good enough film to keep the kids entertained for an hour and a half, and one that you'll probably get a little chuckle out of too.
Through it's journey from orphanage to fairy land, Pan features quite a lot of action and battles taking place in grand and magical looking landscapes. It's entertaining enough and doesn't deserve a lot of the negativity I've seen from many reviews. That's not to say it's completely successful as the story is too repetitive at times, and I felt as if not enough time was given to properly establish the main characters outside of Peter Pan himself. For instance, finding out how Captain Hook got the way he did, Wendy, Tinkerbell etc. Hugh Jackman makes for a decent Blackbeard, Rooney Mara is very very good as Tiger Lily, and the boy who plays Peter, Levi Miller, is endearing. All round, Pan is well cast and is a good family cinematic treat.
I wonder if Vin Diesel was wooed for this movie because the producer's genuinely hoped to launch a new franchise of features with him headlining, or if they just wanted a famous face to bring some personality to a tedious story that would otherwise go unseen by the masses. Either way, the plan failed as The Last Witch Hunter doesn't leave you wanting any kind of sequel, and Diesel, try as he might, can do nothing with the stupidity of the screenplay, one riddled with clichés and formulas copied from equally boring films.
The characters are all undeveloped, like the movie itself they lack any excitement or creativity. The only good thing about The Last Witch Hunter are the special effects, but they never work as a substitute for the drama or narrative cohesion that the screenplay is not even interested in achieving. I'd say it's a case of style over substance, but it's more like some style and no substance.
Did anyone ever really think this was going to be as good as Skyfall? Well, as we always knew deep down, lightning doesn't quite strike twice, and thus Spectre was not quite as thrilling and rewatchable as its already legendary predecessor. But does that make it a bad film? Hell no! Packed to the brim with action, brilliant actors having loads of fun, dazzling visuals and memorable moments, Spectre deserves a much better legacy than "not as good as Skyfall". It may not be 10/10, but certainly an 8 or 9.
Next week we complete our retrospective of the big movies of 2015 as we check out the films released in November and December. In the meantime, did you watch any of these films? And what did you think of them? Let us know in the comments below.


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203. Remembrance
Small cemeteries in faraway lands, individual stories of heartbreaking tenderness, parents paying for inscriptions on graves they will never see. Al Murray and James Holland are joined by Glyn Prysor, former historian of the Commonwealth War Graves Commission for a moving episode of We Have Ways of Making You Talk.
The podcast ends with a short reading from each of Al Murray and James Holland, followed by the Last Post, two minutes of silence and Reveille.
More from We Have Ways of Making You Talk
27:35253. The Wings Of Pegasus, By George Chatterton - Episode 11Jan 21, 2021
42:56254. Prisoners of the EmpireJan 21, 2021
20:17250. The Wings of Pegasus, By George Chatterton - Episode 9Jan 19, 2021
49:33251. GlidersJan 19, 2021
46:42247. Family Stories: Annabel VenningJan 17, 2021


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McGill Engineering works with First Nations clients to develop their project vision, obtain funding and navigate the sometimes rigorous approval process. Our knowledge, expertise, and experience help avoid costly delays and project setbacks.
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News / Shah kickstarts BJP's statewide yatra ahead of K'taka polls
Shah kickstarts BJP's statewide yatra ahead of K'taka polls
5:53 PM, 2 Nov 2017
BJP chief Amit Shah launched a scathing attack on the Siddaramaiah-led Congress government in Karnataka, accusing it of having broken "all records" in corruption.
Kickstarting the BJP state unit's "Nava Karnataka Nirmana Parivarthana Yatra" at a rally in Bangalore, Shah claimed that a survey had found that the state government was the "most corrupt" in the country.
BJP chief Amit Shah Kickstarts the BJP state unit's "Nava Karnataka Nirmana Parivarthana Yatra" at a rally in Bangalore
Shah described state BJP chief B S Yeddyurappa, who is spearheading the yatra, as the prospective chief minister and claimed that the 'yatra" would lead to the ouster of the Siddaramaiah government.
Shah alleged that the funds released by the central government to the state were not reaching the people they were intended to benefit.
The BJP chief also slammed the state government for celebrating the birth anniversary of 18th century Mysore ruler Tipu Sultan as "Tipu Jayanti" on November 10 and claimed that it was "vote bank politics".
"The government is more interested in celebrating November 10 as Tipu Jayanti rather than celebrating Kannada Rajyotsava (state formation day which fell yesterday) with grandeur," he claimed.
The BJP has been opposing the event as it sees Tipu Sultan as a "religious bigot" and a "brutal killer".
BJP chief Amit Shah Kickstarts the BJP state unit's "Nava Karnataka Nirmana Parivarthana Yatra" at a rallyin Bangalore
The 75-day yatra, launched at the Bangalore International Exhibition Centre grounds off Tumakuru road, is aimed at "exposing" the alleged misdeeds of the Congress government.
It will crisscross all the 224 assembly constituencies in the state.
A galaxy of national leaders, including Home Minister Rajnath Singh, Finance Minister Arun Jaitley, and Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister Yogi Adityanath, are expected to take part in the yatra at different places.
During the yatra, BJP leaders will hold public meetings in each assembly constituency and present an alternative agenda for development.
The BJP is eyeing to capture power in the assembly polls in Karnataka due early next year. The party had installed its first-ever government in the South in 2008.
The rally will culminate in Bengaluru on January 28 and it will be addressed by Prime Minister Narendra Modi.
BJP chief Amit Shah, Karnataka Polls, Nava Karnataka Nirmana Parivarthana Yatra, PM Narendra Modi


We can know the will of God for our lives. God is not withholding anything from us. It may seem sometimes that He is, but I don't believe that He is. Jesus said He spoke in parables to those who were on the outside. Parables are veiled language, or allegories. It may be a story that points to a spiritual truth. To those who were on the "inside," Jesus said He would speak plainly. God desires to share the truths of the kingdom with us. He desires us to know His ways and to find His plan for our lives.
Are we simply resigned to the will of God for our lives, wishing His will was different? Do we hate where we live, or our jobs? Do we hate what comes into our lives daily? Or have we known Him long enough to trust Him, knowing that His will is best, it is good, and we love Him enough to embrace it eagerly? Loving Him makes all the difference in living through and accepting the many things that come into our lives. I see people constantly fussing and grumbling at what happens to them. And, granted, there are hard things in life. I am not belittling that. Do we not believe Romans 8: 28, "We are assured and know that [God being a partner in their labor] all things work together and are [fitting into a plan] for good to and for those who love God and are called according to [His] design and purpose." (Amplified bible) Do we actually believe this verse? It says that God is using all things to work what He wants in us. Even the very bad things. Bad to us, that is.
I heard Bill Cloud say that what seems bad to us, God sees as good. The example used was the Israelites before they left Egypt with Moses. It was time for them to leave Egypt, according to God's timetable and a prophecy that they would be there 400 years. The 400 years were up. But they were comfortable in Egypt. Is that any of us? They didn't want to leave, so God had to get them to a place where they would want to leave. How did he do that? He stirred things up and made their lives difficult by ticking off Pharaoh, who made things harder for them. Some would say that was bad. But finally they left Egypt, heading for the Promised Land, the will of God. Sometimes what is good does not FEEL good to us!
One more thing to note: God is patient with our attitudes in our immaturity, but desires us to eventually trust Him and embrace the path He has set us on. Grumbling and complaining is the sin the Israelites in the wilderness were guilty of. They eventually all died off without getting into the Promised Land, without experiencing God's best. The next generation was the one that experienced the promise. Praising God is the remedy for grumbling and complaining. Trust His will today. Trust Him. He is good!
This entry was posted in The Will of God and tagged God desires, Praising God, the will of God. Bookmark the permalink.


DI NINO Trasporti S.r.l. was founded in 1973 by brothers Piero and Stefano Di Nino, who, over 30 years, have transformed their outfit into one of the most remarkable businesses in the transportation industry of central Italy.
,Saint-Gobain Group, Mauro Saviola Group, Rhone-Poulenc Pharmaceuticals, Guizza San Benedetto, Campari and more.
The services provided include transportation, national and international shipping, warehousing and storage, as well as all the inherent logistic operations.
DI NINO Trasporti S.r.l. is listed in the Haulage Contractors register with license # T6501333Y.
The whole organization revolves around the Pratola Peligna headquarters (highway A25 Pescara-Roma, exit Pratola Peligna), from where all the national and international shipments are handled.
Other branches are Lugo Trans S.r.l., in Cassano d'Adda, and an operational unit in Ascoli Piceno, in the Marches region.
The fleet is made up of 130 vehicles, and 50 more are available through outside owner operators, all registered as Haulage Contractors and carefully selected to satisfy the company's Quality System requirements. Counting on a wide range of trucks and trailers (115m3 heavy duty, 13,61m open top, road trains, box semitrailers, low-bed, ADR-approved, dumpers, truck cranes and over-dimensional loads), we are able to provide comprehensive services catering for all kinds of transportation needs.
The company has sheltered warehousing space covering 25,000 square meters, and conforming with the requirements of the strictest quality (ISO 9002) and safety regulations.


text:
Ctenizidae är en familj av spindlar.

Ctenizidae ingår i ordningen spindlar, klassen spindeldjur, fylumet leddjur och riket djur. Enligt Catalogue of Life omfattar familjen Ctenizidae 116 arter.

Det svenska trivialnamnet minörspindlar syftar även på några arter från andra familjer och betecknar inget vetenskaplig taxon.

Kladogram enligt Catalogue of Life:

Källor

Externa länkar

Spindlar
Ctenizidae

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


If you are looking to get the video details such as ID or URL or path after it has been pushed to some service this is the right place for you.
To know this info you should listen to a webhook. Webhook will notify you that this desired action happened and will also include the details that you are after.
If you are not familiar with webhooks you can read more about them in our docs here: https://ziggeo.com/docs/api/webhooks.
Now the details that you can get depend on the service since we get different details from different services.
How can I prevent the form from being submitted if no video has been recorded?


text:
Q: Asphericity of hypersurface complement in ${\mathbb C}^n$ How does one check that the following space is aspherical?
$X_n=\{(x_1,x_2,\ldots , x_n)\in {(\mathbb C^*)}^n\ |\ x_i\neq x_j\ and\ x_ix_j\neq 1\ for\ i\neq j\}$.
One way I can think of is to give a map
to $Y_{n-1}=\{(y_1,y_2,\ldots , y_{n-1})\in {(\mathbb C^*)}^{n-1}\ |\ y_i\neq y_j\ for\ i\neq j\}$ which is a locally trivial fibration. After replacing $\mathbb C$ by $\mathbb R$ and for $n=2$, I drew a picture and it seems a suitable map should be $(x_1,x_2,\ldots , x_n)\mapsto (\frac{x_i-x_n}{2},\ldots , \frac{x_{n-1}-x_n}{2})$.
But then how does one check that this map is a locally trivial fibration? $Y_n$ is aspherical by taking projection and applying long exact homotopy sequence and induction. Using a result of Fadell-Neuwirth the projections in the case of $Y_n$ are locally trivial fibrations.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


MODULAR HOME BUILDER: Modular Manufacturers, Builders and Suppliers Should Never "NOT GET PAID"
Modular Manufacturers, Builders and Suppliers Should Never "NOT GET PAID"
If you are a Modular Manufacture, Modular Builder or Dealer, Material Supplier or for that matter a conventional Building Contractor, Sub-Contractor, Remodeler or any company involved in performing work or providing building materials for construction on real property, you should "never not get paid." But it is very important that you do not wait to file. If you miss a deadline, you will not be able to file a mechanics lien, and may lose your opportunity to have a judgment placed on the property. And the judgement is what gets you paid!
Every state has a Mechanics Lien Law and most of the state laws are similar in nature…and Attorney Snyder can help you in any state where you have a problem getting paid.
Under Pennsylvania's Mechanic's Liens Law, (49 P.S. § 1101 et. seq.) contractors, as well as subcontractors and materialmen (building supply companies) who have a direct contractual relationship with the general contractor may file a mechanic's liens for unpaid work relating to the "erection, construction, alteration or repair of improvements located on real estate, including the provision of materials, fixtures and equipment used therein." This is not only an issue in connection with major construction jobs; any repair work can result in a lien if not paid on time. An architect or engineer may also file a lien if that design professional, "in addition to the preparation of drawings, specifications and contract documents also superintends or supervises any such erection, construction, alteration or repair" on the property.
Deadline to file in Pennsylvania – The mechanic's lien is filed in the prothonotary's office of the Court of Common Pleas in the county in which the property where the construction work was performed is located. All contractors, subcontractors and sub-subcontractors (referred to as the "claimant") must first serve a Formal Notice of their intention to file a lien on the owner at least 30 days before filing lien claim. The claimant must then file a Lien Claim in the prothonotary's office within six months of the date of the last work which was performed on the project, and must serve notice of the lien claim on the owner within one month after that. An affidavit of service then must be filed with the court within twenty days after service of the written notice on the owner. After filing the claim and having the Lien recorded, the claimants must enforce by filing a lawsuit within two years of Lien Claim filing.
As a result of these deadlines, a potential claimant cannot wait six months to file, because you must first file the 30 day notice and will then have five months or less from the last day of work on the project to file the mechanics lien claim. And the courts will not cut you any slack, so DO NOT WAIT TO FILE.
Waiver of Mechanics Liens – Unlike many states, Pennsylvania mechanic's lien law allows a general contractor to waive a subcontractor's right to a mechanic's lien in certain circumstances. A subcontractor can waive its right to lien on a residential construction project where the contract between the owner and the general contractor is less than one million dollars. A subcontractor can also waive its right to file a lien on all projects only if the general contractor provides a bond guaranteeing payment to subcontractors.
In addition to the Pennsylvania's Mechanic's Lien Law, Pennsylvania also has a Contractor and Subcontractor Payment Act, (73 P.S. § 501 et seq.) pertaining to commercial and multi-family construction contracts which establishes timelines for progress and final payments (if the contract doesn't have one), and includes interest, penalties and attorney fees for failing to make payments on time.
If a Modular Manufacture, Builder, Dealer or Supplier unsuccessful in having a mechanics lien placed on the property can still file suit and get a judgment against the owner of the project, but it will take longer and be more costly. And with judgments against real property, generally, priority goes to the first lien over subsequent liens, so you want to get your lien entered as soon as possible.
As mentioned, the requirements, in all states, involved in properly drafting, filing, providing notice to the property owner, and in service of the lien are very specific, and if not adhered to, the mechanics lien will not be enforceable. If you have a project where you have not been paid, you should call Steve Snyder immediately to discuss your options. If you are in the construction business and would like to discuss other areas of your business, call Steve today to set up an appointment.


text:
Q: Potentiometer with LM317 I am trying to make an adjustable power supply with an LM317 and a potentiometer. The only problem was that there were some conflicting schematics online about how to connect everything. Can some please verify that it is correct or identify what I need to change?

A: When in doubt, look at the datasheet. Specifically, take a look at the Application Hints section.
TI provides this general schematic:

note: even though it's labeled as LM117, the LM317A is pin-compatible and functions similarly from an electrical analysis standpoint that we may as well treat the two as equivalent devices. There will be differences when it comes to PCB layout, thermal cooling solutions, and exact loading limits between the two chips, but that's beyond the scope of my answer.
This doesn't quite capture all major considerations, as it leaves out input/output decoupling capacitors. It also forgoes any reverse current protection diodes, which may or may not be important to you. The datasheet recommends protection diodes if you're expecting outputs greater than 25V, or if you're using capacitors larger than 10uF (keep in mind capacitors in parallel add capacitance). Otherwise, you're probably safe to omit D1 and D2.
Following the datasheet's recommendations on decoupling capacitors and protection diodes, here's a basic schematic which would probably work most of the time:

simulate this circuit – Schematic created using CircuitLab
As far as picking the resistor's values go, you can use the following equation for picking resistor values:
\begin{equation}
V_{out} = V_{ref} \left ( 1 + \frac{R_2}{R_1} \right ) + I_{ADJ} R_2\\
V_{ref} = 1.25V\\
I_{ADJ} = 100uA
\end{equation}
The datasheet recommends picking R1 = 240 ohms, for good load regulation (loosely speaking). Since you have a potentiometer for R2, picking it's value isn't terribly important, but you'll want to be somewhere in the ballpark of the range you're expecting the output to be so you can use the full turn range of the pot.
For example, say I want 2V < Vout < 12V, and I chose R1 = 240 ohms.
The range R2 should be able to cover is then:
\begin{equation}
R_2 = \frac{V_{out} - V_{ref}}{\frac{1}{R_1} + I_{ADJ}} = \frac{V_{out} - V_{ref}}{1 + R_1 \cdot I_{ADJ}} R_1\\
175 \Omega < R_2 < 2520 \Omega
\end{equation}
The nearest "common" potentiometer values would be 4.7kohms, or 5kohms (you might be able to get away with a 2.5kohm pot, at the expense of guaranteeing you can reach 12V output). Note that a 10kohm or larger pot will still work, but it will be more fiddly to adjust because a smaller twist on the pot will result in a greater output voltage change.
The last major consideration would probably be minimum load requirements; either guarantee you will satisfy this with your load, or you can add a simple constant current source between the output and ground (constant current sources work better than a simple resistor if the output voltage could cover a wide range, something like an LM334 would work lovely).

A: Try this schematic. I know for sure it works.

A: The way you have drawn your schematic will give you a constant output voltage of 1.25 volts. The LM317 pin you have marked "GND" is actually the \$V_{ADJ}\$ pin. You need to connect the 240 ohm resistor between OUT and \$V_{ADJ}\$, then connect the pot between \$V_{ADJ}\$ and ground. Note that with the 240 ohm resistor you get a current of about 5 mA flowing through the pot, so you may want to use a lower resistance range unless you are trying to get 50 volts out of the regulator.


I can make this ring to fit a 7-10. The band is a split shank, as seen in the 7th picture. Please give me the ring size in comments, as explained in photo 3.
I created this moth ring with a silver or copper death's head moth, two cubic zirconia set in the wings in your choice of color, and a textured crescent moon over its head. If you're interested in having this ring customized with stamped words or runes, or wish to turn it into a pendant instead of a ring, please message me!
This was worn on the CW reboot of Charmed, season 1, episodes 8, 9, & 16, "Bug A Boo", "Jingle Hell" and "Memento Mori" by the lovely Melonie Diaz, as Mel Vera.


We have a combined experience of treating patients osteopathically for over 48 years, specialising in Osteopathy, Cranial Osteopathy, Exercise Rehabilitation and Osteopathy for Children.
We treat each and every patient as an individual, ensuring you receive the highest quality care.
Please call, or email, us today for more information.


Family Mediation is the process of out of Court settlement in which an impartial third-party, the Mediator helps those involved in family breakdown to communicate better with each other and to reach their own agreements and make informed decisions about some or all the issues on separation, divorce, children, finances and property. Mediation can also be described as "assisted negotiation".
On the 6th April 2011 the Government issued a pre action protocol that requires anyone facing relationship breakdown to attend a mediation awareness session before they consider issuing an application at Court – a Mediation Information and Assessment Meeting, better known as a 'MIAM'.
There are exceptions where there is evidence of domestic violence or child protection issues, in which case exemptions will apply. However you cannot be forced to mediate. If your case is suitable for mediation and you and your ex-partner both agree to mediate then the matter can go ahead via the mediation route. Mediation is a voluntary process for the separating couple and the mediator.
Mediation is a confidential and a legally privileged process, allowing you and your ex-partner to have open and frank discussions with each other, in a safe and supported environment, without fear that you will be bound by solutions that either of you may propose as a reasonable solutions.
Please refer to the pages on FAQs on Family Mediation for more information.
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I'm a complete novice at this – just giving it my best shot!
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Thanks for your kind words – and I'm glad that we're not getting in to any arguments!
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Thanks for the compliments – I'll try to continue being 'cool' and 'orginal' in my future posts – glad you enjoyed reading!
That's great encouragement – thank you for your kind comments!


text:
Funeral Food: Why Aren't People Bringing Chicken To The Repast?
Reesha On The Radio
I know this may sound really morbid but what kind of food do you drop off to a family after a funeral?
I ask you this because the other day in a foodie group on Facebook someone asked for ideas of meals to bring to her co-worker's house after a funeral. Where I come from in Nashville, you bring a bucket of chicken to the house. That's right, a bucket of chicken with all the Fixin's.
I'm talking about bringing crispy fried chicken, a thing of green beans, a pint of macaroni and cheese, sides of corn on the cob, and a big old box of biscuits. Basically, we bring over a family meal from KFC, Church's Chicken, or Raising Cane's.
I was shocked that the people in the comment section were giving comments like trays of homemade spaghetti, lasagna, and salads. I saw these suggestions and clutched my invisible pearls. Not one box of chicken was mentioned! Is bringing chicken a cultural thing?
My friend Naomi says she's been to Black, Latinx, and Filipino funerals here in Washington, and she said everybody brings chicken. (See, I was right!) Another friend of mine, Sunny, says she's Arab so she is used to people bringing Sudanese dishes to the repast.
I'm guessing out in the Pacific Northwest, casseroles are the funeral things to bring. Funeralwise.com says people from the South prefer to bring casseroles and people from the East Coast tend to salads and sandwiches.
What do you take to a family's house after the funeral?
Filed Under: chicken, food, funeral, repast
Categories: Photos


Likewise, the IMEI fix will only work if the DSDT Patch AddMCHC_0008Android Code Download Barcode For amp; Scan Scanner Qr xgY1qFUY is enabled.
By Allan vinings Bright October Side Smyrna Lipsett 2016 Issuu This fix is not relevant for UEFI booting.
If TRUE, vinings 2016 Side Allan By October Bright Smyrna Issuu Lipsett hda-gfx=onboard-1 will be injected into the GFX0 and HDEF devices. Also, if an ATI or Nvidia HDMI device is present, they'll be assigned to onboard-2. If FALSE, then ATI or Nvidia devices will get onboard-1 as well as the HDAU device if present.


Graeme McDowell is gutted that he's missed the cut on his Hollywood debut.
The Ulsterman made a cameo appearance in the hit TV show Entourage just days after his US Open win at Pebble Beach.
But his acting debut was cut from the season-ending episode of the HBO hit series.
McDowell confessed: "I am going to have to admit it. I ended up on the editing room floor. Bummer.
McDowell heard the bad news in a call from from the show's producer though he's still hoping for a second chance.
He explained: "The producer Doug Ellin called me and said that it was such a last minute thing and the episode was such a serious episode that my scene didn't make it.
Considering he'd had less than five hours sleep, the new US Open champion was remarkably sharp.
Then again, that's no great surprise. Half the golfing world knows by now that Graeme McDowell is one of the sharpest guys on tour. But he's kept that way by his entourage.
Graeme McDowell rehearses his swing during the second round of The Open. Picture Eoin Clarke www.golffile.ieOfficially it won't go down as his sixth missed cut from his last 10 starts but a four over 76 meant Graeme McDowell missed the 54-hole cut int he RBC Canadian Open.


The legend of Jawa needs no introduction to motorcycle enthusiasts in India. Much before the rise of the present crop of motorcycles, Jawa/Yezdi was the ruler of the performance market in this side of the world when two-strokes were the in-thing. Tougher emission norms, lack of product planning and rise of the four-stroke machines meant the end of the era of these sheer beauties. The brand had to close doors in 1996. But JAWA is finally coming back to India and it is Mahindra which is bringing it here.
A 300cc engine that will propel the motorcycles was revealed a few days back. You can read more about it here. Spy pics so far suggest that there will be more than one motorcycle launches – which may also include an adventure tourer like the Himalayan. The motorcycles will be unveiled on 15th November in India ie day after tomorrow.
Mahindra, via Classic Legends, has signed an 'exclusive brand licensing agreement' with the Czechoslovakian bike maker Jawa! In simple terms, Mahindra has acquired a relatively unknown firm called as Classic Legends which has bought all stakes in the (yet another iconic brand) BSA. Classic Legends also has a licensing agreement with Jawa which inadvertently means that Mahindra has all the rights to use these brands.
So, expect fireworks and it will be a big bang launch for sure! Also, it promises to be replicate the retro design theme Jawa is known for.
100 Dealerships: A report also mentions that Jawa intends to open with at least 100 dealerships.
Their return to the Indian market is one real big move as we fathom and it has the possibility to turn the tables in favour of the ailing Mahindra two wheeler business. This could in turn be a big threat to lifestyle motorcycle brands like Royal Enfield and the growing ones like UM etc.
That's a 1976 Jawa 250 Type B!
Though the basic ethos are expected to remain retro classic, these motorcycles will carry contemporary bits like fuel-injection, liquid-cooling etc.
The biggest advantage of using an established engine platform is that it will save Mahindra a lot of costs. Plus, it will have a quicker go-to-market time and moreover, Mojo's 300cc engine has already established itself without reporting any significant issues. The only bit we are sceptical about is how will this motor be tuned to offer a retro beat (and feel)!
Ashish Joshi, who introduced Triumph Motorcycles in India in 2012 (has also worked with Royal Enfield earlier) is driving Mahindra's premium motorcycle business under Classic Legends.
Jawa currently sells motorcycles ranging from 50 cc to 650 cc and unveiled the 2017 Jawa 350 OHC last year which is a 4-stroke motorcycle. Apart from India, Jawa models introduced in India will also be sold in some other Asian countries as well.
Mahindra has also already cleared that models from the BSA lineup are more suited for the international market which may mean that they may not be launched in India. However, under its new owner, BSA will launch new products for the international markets.
On its launch date, Jawa is expected to reveal the motorcycle(s) and deliveries are expected to commence later. It is not known if prices will be announced or not. All these motorcycles from Jawa and BSA will continue to use original brand names and will not use Mahindra monikers.


Keeping a desk Yearly average currency exchange rates 2018 upon your office desk is ration of the corporate culture. Many people have them in their homes too! Its a good complement to have. If you would like to own a desk calendar which has got a design of your choosing, we suggest you to choose any one of forgive printable Desk reference book Templates we have compiled here. The templates are high air and you can personalize the designs in any showing off you like. There are different Word templates, from a annually calendar on a single ache (the whole year at a evident to a quarterly calendar 3 months/1 quarter on one web page obtainable in both laptop computer and portrait orientation. The templates are stored in Microsoft Word ".docx" format and can be used with the more moderen versions of Word that contract the XML document standard information with ".docx" extension - Word 2007, 2010, 2013, 2016, 2019 & workplace 365). If you have an older edition of Word that only supports the ".doc" format (Word 2000, 2002/XP & 2003), or if you don't have Word put in use Microsoft office Online or one of the free Microsoft Word/Microsoft office alternatives FreeOffice TextMaker, LibreOffice writer and Google docs which are all free of charge (OpenOffice writer alas has formatting issues when establishing our calendars). also appropriate with Microsoft office for Mac (macOS) and Microsoft workplace mobile for iPad/iOS, Android and home windows 10 mobile. Read more about the lots of Word models and dossier formats on Wikipedia.