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Google Ads Glossary
Running a successful Google ad campaign can transform a business for the better or worse depending on the results. We here at The Fields Agency recommend working with an advertising professional to build your ads but even if you are outsourcing it is important that you understand the vernacular.
Below you will find the most updated version of vocabulary terms directly from Google. If you have any questions feel free to contact us for a free consultation and we would be more than happy to answer any questions you might have.
Call The Fields Agency today and start generating sales and leads at the best rate of return available.
Ad request
An ad request is sent by client-side code (such as GPT on a webpage) to an ad server. An ad request typically is transmitted to the server in the form of an HTTP or HTTPS request. The request is the first step of ad serving.
The process by which Ad Manager chooses the best ads to serve to an ad request, and then returns the corresponding creative code.
Ad slot
An ad slot is the HTML markup (usually between <div> tags) the defines where an ad appears. Ad slots can reference either unique ad units or, if on a single page, ad slots can also reference the same ad unit.
Ad source
The network or entity from which advertising content is consumed by a given ad unit. Multiple sources may compete for display in a single unit (for example, AdSense or AdX as backfill challengers).
Ad tag
HTML tags or JavaScript code generated and then included in the webpage or app source where the ads should be displayed.
Ad unit
Discrete spaces on your site for ads. You can define an ad unit on your site with a name, description, and dimensions. An ad unit may sometimes be referred to as "inventory unit."
AdID
The mobile advertising ID for Android. Mobile advertising IDs allow developers and marketers to track activity for advertising purposes.
A Google service that can help you display relevant, unobtrusive Google ads on your website's content pages and earn money. (Visit the Google AdSense Help Center to learn more.)
AdSense (line item type)
Line item type used to target AdSense ad units to specific inventory and audiences.
An open-source initiative that aims to make the web better for all. The project enables the creation of websites and ads that are consistently fast, beautiful, and high-performing across devices and distribution patterns.
AMPHTML Ads
AMPHTML Ads load faster than standard ads and can be delivered anywhere on the web, not just on AMP pages. This applies AMP's core philosophy of reliable fast performance and great user experience to ads.
Anchor ad
An ad that stays fixed at the bottom of the user's screen, even as the user scrolls up or down on the page. Swiping would let the user dismiss the ad in a mobile-friendly manner.
Ratio of width to height for a video or image.
The art work or file associated with a creative object.
Asynchronous code
Code that is split up into smaller pieces. Execution of the various pieces of code may "pause" or "wait" between each piece, allowing for other processing (such as rendering of other ads or page content) to be performed during the pauses.
The name of Facebook's online advertising solution.
Audience Extension
Allows a publisher to buy ad impressions (targeted to the publisher's own visitors) from other web or app properties.
Availability forecast
Predicts the availability of inventory. Availability forecast is used in two ways: during the sales process to estimate how much inventory is available for sale; and when an ad is booked to verify that enough inventory is available for the ad. Forecasts consider impressions that have been reserved for other line items.
Inventory that has not been pre-sold or reserved. As a verb, "backfill" means to serve ads to this inventory. Backfill inventory is often monetized with ads sold by ad networks, via non-guaranteed campaigns, or in an auction. Also see Non-guaranteed.
A small (one pixel by one pixel) image displayed on a website or within other content. It forces the browser to make a request to another server so that server can read or write its own cookie (or otherwise track the web request). This allows you to record the basic actions of the user who is accessing the content.
Booked inventory
Includes "reserved" and "remnant" inventory that has been entered into the system.
Bulk line items
Line item type used to fill unsold inventory. Bulk line items have delivery goals and deliver evenly by default
Bumper ad
Video bumper ads are short video ads that can play before or after a video ad or ad pod. They are often used to indicate that ads are either about to display, or to promote the next ad. Companion ads do not appear with bumper ads.
An order and all of its line items, or a proposal and all of its proposal line items. Can also refer to multiple orders or proposals.
Groupings of domains/URLs for reporting purposes.
Click macro
A small piece of code that allows you to track clicks for your third-party creatives.
The "program or script" supplied by the advertiser that is used to generate (i.e., rich media) an ad.
An advertiser, agency, or organization that buys ad space and supplies the creatives for line items. Each order is associated with a company, and you can invite company contacts to view reports about their campaigns. (Learn how to add a company profile.)
Content bundle
Targetable groups of videos that you can assemble based on filters or by selecting individual videos, or both. Bundles are automatically updated as new metadata that matches their criteria is ingested. For example, you could create a content bundle called "Kittens" based on a combination of metadata and manually-added videos, and then target ads for cat toys to that bundle.
A small text file containing a string of characters that is set on your computer when you visit a website. When you visit the website again, the cookie helps that site recognize your browser. Cookies may store user preferences and other information. DoubleClick cookies contain no personally identifiable information.
Correlator value
A value passed in ad requests, handled automatically by the GPT libraries and the GMA/IMA SDKs. The correlator is common to all ads on a page, but unique across page views. Ad requests with the same correlator value received close together in time are considered a single Page View for serving purposes.
A code snippet, file or link that generates an ad. (The terms creative and ad may be used interchangeably.) Ad Manager supports a variety of creative types, including Third party, Image, Campaign Manager 360 tag, and Studio.
Creative assignment
Type of assignment used to specify characteristics of how the creative is served, such as the click-through URL, the position of the creative in a sequential rotation, and so on.
Creative association
The assignment of one or more creatives to a line item.
Creative code
HTML or JavaScript code used for third-party or custom creatives which tells the browser how to render or generate the creative.
Creative rotation
The technique by which multiple creatives assigned to a line item are displayed, either evenly, weighted, sequential, or optimized.
Creative wrapper
Snippet of code that wraps around a creative when it is served. When an Ad Manager serves a creative to an ad unit with (a) creative wrapper label(s) applied, it also inserts the creative wrappers into the code that is delivered to the webpage. You can use creative wrappers to implement third-party tracking software or for any other purpose.
Custom rendering
Render your own native ads in app code. You can implement highly custom renderings that take full advantage of the functionality of Android and iOS.
Daisy chaining
Process whereby a creative is required to call to multiple third-party ad servers.
Configuring day and time targeting settings for line items. The process of dividing the day into different parts in order to run ads only during specific times.
Default ad impressions
A gray GIF system default ad (an "unfilled impression") will serve to inventory where no line items are targeted and the user will see a blank ad slot.
The process of Ad Manager showing ads.
The amount of impressions or clicks that a line item is contracted to deliver.
Delivery Inspector
Gives information on which ads were delivered. When unexpected ads deliver, use the Delivery Inspector to find out why.
Delivery priority
The priority level at which a line item is set to deliver. This can range from higher priorities (sponsorship and standard) to lower priorities (house).
Delivery progress bar
A graphic in the UI that indicates whether or not a line item is on target to achieve its goal.
Delivery rate
The rate at which a line item is being delivered to users.
Density-independent pixels (dp)
Screen size is usually expressed in density-independent pixels, or dp. Here's a simple formula to convert screen pixels (px) to density pixels (dp):
dp = px * (160 / dpi)
Dots per inch (dpi) are pixels within an inch of the screen.
Designated Market Area. DMAs expose a specific regional market group to the same content or ads. They frequently cover one metropolitan area, in some cases grouping together multiple smaller cities. Many DMAs are available for targeting.
A network-level mechanism designed to maximize your remnant and Ad Exchange revenue without compromising reservations.
Both remnant and Ad Exchange line items are given a chance to serve if Ad Exchange/AdSense is eligible for the request (using line item targeting for Ad Exchange/AdSense or ad unit monetization for AdSense).
Dynamic targeting
Targeting option that you can use if you don't want to define values in advance, or if you need to define more than 50,000 key-value pairs.
With dynamic targeting, you can have thousands of possible targeting values, because there's no need to define each value ahead of time. When you need to target a specific value, you can simply enter that targeting value into your line item.
Once you target a line item to a dynamic targeting value, the value will be saved and you'll be able to select it from a list the next time you target a line item to that key.
Engaged view
In the context of skippable ads: you have the ability to traffic reserve CPM-based video ads that can be skipped or exited after a certain duration has elapsed. The "Skip" button appears after 5 seconds. If viewed to completion or for 30 seconds, whichever comes first, an "Engaged view" is counted in reporting.
Even rotation
A type of rotation of creatives, where all creatives in a line item are delivered in an approximately even proportion.
Evenly
With true even delivery, an ad is shown at a constant rate throughout the campaign duration. If an ad needs to appear on a website or app several thousand times over a week (for example, 7000 times over a week) with a true even delivery, it would serve 1000 impressions of the ad each day. In contrast, frontloading of the ad campaign serves more impressions during the start of the campaign, and the serving rate gradually decreases as the ad approaches its serving goals.
Exclusion label
A label that you can apply to a line item which prevents it from being delivered along with other line items that have the same label. For example, if you're doing business with both Airline X and Airline Y, you can apply the exclusion label 'airline' to their line items, which will prevent Airline X's line items from being shown on the same webpage at the same time as Airline Y's.
First-party cookie
A cookie that's set by the domain the user is visiting instead of by a different, third-party domain.
Flight dates
The date range for an ad campaign to run.
A type of ad that floats on top of a page's content. A floating ad can move with content as a user scrolls, or maintain a locked position on a page as a user scrolls.
A native ad size that allows more flexibility when styling your ad. Ad Manager automatically sizes the ad by filling the width of the enclosing column and adjusting the height as appropriate (just like a regular HTML div on your site).
Forecast adjustment
An adjustment made to the anticipated traffic to your website or app. With Forecast adjustments, you can make changes so traffic patterns are better reflected in forecasting numbers. This is helpful when you create new content or you have unusual traffic spikes during high-profile events.
The process of estimating how much ad inventory a website or app will have in the future.
Helps to limit how often an ad from a line item is served to the same user in a specific period of time. Supported time ranges are minutes, hours, days, weeks, or months, and multiple capping rules may be applied. For example, you can set a frequency cap limiting the same user to one impression per day and three impressions per week.
Frontloaded
If an ad needs to appear on a website or app several thousand times over a week (for example, 7000 times per week) and the "Frontloaded" delivery option is selected, the platform will try to serve 25% extra ad impressions at the start of the week (1250 impressions) and continue to serve more than necessary until later in the week when delivery will tail off until all 7000 impressions have been served.
Google Publisher Console
Provides troubleshooting tips and information about ad performance to publishers, overlaid directly onto their website or app. It's another way for publishers to retrieve information and take action on their Google ads as they browse their site.
Google Publisher Tag (GPT)
A specific type of ad tag that uses a Google-provided JavaScript library to define and configure an ad request made to Ad Manager.
An extension, in days, of a line item's end date. The line item will continue delivering until it reaches its goal or the end of its grace period, whichever comes first.
Line items that are contractually obligated to deliver a requested number of impressions. Ad Manager ensures these items deliver in full through reserving inventory for the line item. Contrast this with Non-guaranteed line items, which are used to fill "leftover" or remnant impressions.
Guaranteed line items include: Sponsorship and Standard.
Header Bidding
A system for bidding which requires custom configuration by publishers.
Learn more about the difference between Open Bidding and Header Bidding.
Hosted creative
Creative image files you can upload to Google for free. Google will then manage these files and serve them directly to your site visitors.
House ad
A line item type typically used for ads that promote products and services chosen by you.
A value assigned to a particular user or device and is used to assist in ad serving functionality. The identifier contains no personally identifiable Information, can be reset by the user at any time, and respects user options to limit or opt out of ad tracking. Identifiers are used for audience list targeting, frequency capping, and sequential creative rotation.
Examples of identifiers are cookies (used on web and mobile web), mobile advertising IDs (used within mobile apps), and publisher provided identifiers (PPID, used for cross-screen serving). Users always have the option of opting out of any identifier used by Google.
IDFA
The mobile advertising ID for Apple. Mobile advertising IDs allow developers and marketers to track activity for advertising purposes.
IM expanding
An In-Page asset and an Overlay creative that expands onto the user's desktop. This creative type is used in instant messaging (IM) applications.
In-display
An ad format where an ad is displayed somewhere on the same page as a video that a user is watching.
Video ads that appear before, during, and after video content streams.
Inflated page views
Each webpage should only register one pageview but when Analytics tracking code is present within a framed page as well as the framing page, Analytics is likely to register two pageviews for that visit. This causes a pageview count that is higher than it should be.
Insertion order
An order form for the placement of an advertising request. For example, publishers who want to run a rich media publisher-paid campaign must sign an insertion order provided by a Google Marketing Platform representative.
Full-screen mobile app ads that display before or after an event (app launch, video pre-roll) or user action (game level load).
Inventory forecast
A feature that is used to estimate how much ad inventory will be available in the future.
Inventory hierarchy
The relationship between different types of inventory. Premium customers can have more than one level of inventory. They can have parent ad units which themselves have child ad units.
Inventory level
One level of an inventory hierarchy (top-level ad unit, lower-level ad unit, etc.).
Inventory structure
The structure in which an inventory hierarchy is organized.
Inventory type
Identifies the kind of inventory or medium in which an ad serves. Values include (but are not limited to) the following:
In-stream video and audio
Jackpotting
Process where the same creative serves multiple ad units on the same page at the same time. The Google Ad Manager ad server tries to ensure that this does not happen.
In custom targeting, the first part of a key-value pair (key=value). For example, in the key-value pair car=X, car is the key and X is the value. Keys can have multiple values assigned to them.
Key-value pair
A set of two linked data items, known as the key and the value. The format of a key-value pair is key=value.
In the context of yield management, this is the percentage by which an ad was optimized. It is calculated by finding the percentage difference between the optimized group and the control group
An advertiser's commitment to purchase a specific number of ad impressions (CPM), user clicks (CPC), or time (CPD), on certain dates at a specified price. A line item specifies where an advertiser's ads will appear, and may specify when an ad may be shown.
Line item discount
The percentage or dollar amount by which you can reduce a line item's cost. In general, this field simply serves as a reminder that the advertiser received a discount. Discounting doesn't affect a line item's priority based on cost or value CPM. Also, discounts aren't reflected in reporting.
Lower-level ad unit
Any ad unit that is not at the highest level in a multi-level ad unit hierarchy. Can also be called "child" or "descendant" depending on context.
The primary ad in a roadblock, which allows for the synchronization of ads on the same webpage or app.
Increases your mobile app revenue by calling a series of third-party ad networks to fill an ad request, ordered by expected yield. Each ad network has the opportunity to fill an ad request; however, if one ad network does not fill the request, the next ad network in the sequence gains an opportunity.
Targeting type that stands for Metropolitan area.
A type of ad that mirrors the visual design of the user experience it lives within, and looks, feels, and behaves like natural content on the publisher property in which it's displayed.
Native ad format
Defines the variables that make up a native ad. Variables comprise the content that will appear in the ad (such as Headline, Image, and Body Text). You can select Standard (system-defined) formats or create your own Custom (user-defined) formats.
Native styles
Manage the look and feel of your native ads within Ad Manager, for both web and apps. Ad Manager handles the rendering of your native ads based on native styles you specify within the product.
The top-level business relationship, such as a network of websites or an ad network.
A remnant line item type used to serve ads to a specific percentage of your remnant traffic.
Non-delivery cause
Explains why a line item that was eligible for an ad request didn't deliver. This can help troubleshoot unexpected behavior and assure you that line items are behaving as intended.
Non-guaranteed
Line items that are most commonly used to fill your site's unsold inventory if not contractually obligated to deliver a requested number of impressions to other Guaranteed line items.
Non-guaranteed line items include: Network, Bulk, Price Priority, House, AdSense, and Ad Exchange. Under Programmatic Direct, Preferred Deal line items are also non-guaranteed.
Noscript block
A block of code used as an alternative when a user blocks JavaScript in their browser or when their browser can't support client-side scripting. Same as noscript code
Noscript code
A block of code used an alternative when a user blocks JavaScript in their browser or when their browser can't support client-side scripting. Same as a noscript block.
On-schedule indicator
The on-schedule indicator (OSI) is a metric that provides an indication of the pacing of an ad's delivery. This is done by comparing the average number of ads delivered each day with the optimal daily delivery.
Open Auction
A Transaction type or "Deal type" where inventory which is available to all buyers is auctioned.
Open Bidding
Publishers and exchanges optimize yield management with server-to-server real-time bidding that uses a publisher's existing tagging or SDK implementation. The unified Google Ad Manager technology stack also provides simplified trafficking, reporting and billing. Open Bidding was previously known as Exchange Bidding.
Optimized creative rotation
An option where Ad Manager gives roughly 75% of the impressions to the creative with the highest click-through rate, and the remaining 25% to the other creatives (to validate that the previously chosen "best" creative still has the highest click-through rate).
An agreement between an interactive advertising seller and a buyer that specifies the details of an advertising campaign. Orders contain one or more line items.
Out-of-page
A creative that is displayed outside of a web page or app (for example, pop-ups and pop-unders).
Overbook
To book an ad (or multiple ads) for a greater number of impressions or clicks than are forecasted to be available. In most cases, this leads to under delivery of one or more ads
Page awareness
The process where Ad Manager records which impressions occurred together when a page is viewed, when you run a forecast on roadblock ads.
A common concept across the web, representing a particular user loading and viewing a webpage one time. In Ad Manager ad serving, all ad requests corresponding to a page view are considered together because the behavior of any one of these ads affects what else might be eligible to serve. For example, an Exclusion Label prevents two ads with the same label from serving in the same Page View.
The upper level in a hierarchical system, such as the ad unit structure. The lower level is known as the child.
Parent inventory unit
The upper level of an inventory hierarchy. Every ad unit you define in your network has a parent inventory unit based on where you create the ad unit in the inventory hierarchy.
Peel down
A creative that shows a glimpse of your ad in the corner of a webpage. When the user interacts, the rest of the ad peels down to reveal the full message.
Any information that could be used to identify a specific user, such as an email address or a phone number. In the interests of protecting end-user privacy, Google ads product policies mandate that publishers must not pass any data to Google that Google could use or recognize as personally identifiable information.
A collection of one or more ad units that can be targeted as a group. You can add ad units to a placement to simplify the targeting of ads.
For video ads, this is a dynamic grouping of ads next to each other.
Podding
For video ads, this is the process of grouping ads dynamically.
Malware, misrepresentations, phishing, and other components of ads that prevent a safe and positive experience. Google scans creatives for policy violations, which you can then attempt to remove.
For native video ads, image file to be shown while the video is loading, or until the user clicks to play the video. If this is not included, the first frame of the video is used. This image also displays after video completion.
Pretargeting
Pretargeting is how Yield partners decide which bid requests they want to receive from publishers.
Automated, machine-based selections for purchasing display advertising
Push-down
A type of expanding ad that pushes down the content of a webpage when the creative expands, moving the site out of the way to display the ad. Sometimes written as "push down".
Real-time bidder
A server-to-server integration option for network buyers that allows networks to evaluate and bid on each available impression.
Redirect creative
Creative you use to track image or Flash ads that aren't hosted and served by Google. Redirect creatives are commonly used for ads from a third-party network or affiliate provider.
Releasing inventory is the opposite of reserving it. When inventory is released, the reservation is "canceled", and the inventory is freed up for forecasting and future ad booking. Inventory cannot be released without first being reserved.
Refers collectively to the line item types most commonly used to fill your site's unsold inventory. Remnant line item types include Network, Bulk, Price Priority and can be used for various non-guaranteed transactions. They can satisfy an ad request when there are no guaranteed campaigns eligible to serve. Also see Non-guaranteed.
Remnant inventory
A phrase sometimes used to describe ad space (inventory) that you were unable to sell via guaranteed line items and, thus, was sold via either non-guaranteed line items or via Ad Exchange or AdSense line items, which make inventory available to auctions. Guaranteed line items are considered more desirable channels to sell inventory as they generally generate more revenue.
Ad space (inventory) can be thought of as neither remnant nor non-remnant, however, as this designation depends on what was eligible to serve to that inventory for any given ad request. Any inventory may be available to guaranteed line items, non-guaranteed line items, or to Ad Exchange or AdSense line items, depending on how your Ad Manager network is set up.
Designating inventory as remnant (or premium) is subjective and dependent on perceived value. The perceived value of inventory can shift over time. Ad space on a sports page may be perceived more valuable during playoff season rather than off season, for instance.
To generate a creative on a user's browser.
When guaranteed (non-remnant) line items are booked in Ad Manager, Ad Manager "reserves" the inventory for this line item. This inventory reservation means that the impressions are considered to be "blocked off" for other ads running at a lower priority. Ad Manager forecasting accounts for inventory reservations when calculating future impression availability.
The minimum price a buyer needs to bid in order to be eligible for the auction.
Rich media creative
An ad containing animation, sound, video, or interactive features. Rich media creatives can be used either on their own or in combination with technologies such as streaming media and sound.
Several creatives being served from a line item together on the same webpage. Roadblocking blocks off the ad slots on a page and fills them with creatives from one line item.
Run-of-network
An ad scheduled to run across an entire network of sites, except explicitly excluded sites, according to available inventory.
Sell-through
The percentage of available traffic that has been reserved for standard or sponsorship line items.
Session ad rules
Unlike standard ad rules, session ad rules are frequency-based and apply across multiple video streams. They control how long a visitor can watch content across streams before an ad shows, and how many ads that visitor sees. Like standard ad rules, session ad rules control the type of ad formats that appear and what the source of the ads should be.
Single-request mode
A GPT mode where tags call all ads once in the header, instead of requesting each ad separately inline with the ad slot. This is also sometimes called "Single Request Architecture" or SRA.
A pagination mechanism used with the max-results parameter for situations when totalResults exceeds 1000 and you want to retrieve items indexed at 1001 and beyond.
Sticky ad
See Anchor ad.
Targeting criteria
Key values that specify data like content information and an audience for the video, for example, age: 16-65; geo: US UK FR.
Targeting key
Each targeting key represents a category to which a line item is targeted, where a "category" is represented by a value assigned to the key. Consider a targeting key of "color", where allowable values are "red" and "blue". In this case, "color = red" represents a key/value pair that can be passed in the ad request and used for targeting an ad.
Targeting picker
Also known as a targeting selector or widget, this is the area on the Line item details page where you can select various targeting criteria for the line item.
Targeting value
A value passed for a specific targeting key, which can be used in line item targeting. For example, the value in the key-value pair for "color = red" is "red".
One or more screenshots of webpages or apps showing specific ads, for the purpose of proving to the advertiser that they ran in the way that the advertiser wanted.
Top-level ad unit
The highest-level ad unit in a hierarchy that consists of multi-level ad units. Can also be called "parent" or "upper-level" ad units depending on context.
View historical traffic alongside future impression opportunities to find better ways to segment and package inventory.
Someone who works at a publisher and configures the ads to run in the ad server.
The process of creating orders and ads, controlling ad delivery, and targeting ads and keywords.
Unfilled impression
An unfilled impression, or blank ad, is an ad request that didn't return an ad because none were eligible to serve. Avoid this by populating your network with widely targeted (run of network) ads like House ads or Ad Exchange ads.
Uplift fee
A fee that is paid for the increased value of Rich Media over standard ad serving.
Value CPM
Determines the price at which the line item competes with other line items.
A video format designed to standardize communication between video players and servers, facilitating traffic across all kinds of publishing platforms. Acronym for Video Ad Serving Template.
Video ad tag
Contains all the information required for a video ad request, including information about the master video ad and, if applicable, its companion ads. A master video tag is a URL used by the video player to retrieve the video ad and a companion tag is JavaScript in the webpage that indicates where the companion ads should show.
For video ads, a waterfall involves having a hierarchy of ads ready to serve. If the first one doesn't serve, the second one will; if the second doesn't serve, the third one will, etc. This is commonly referred to as a fallback.
For line items, the portion, as a percentage, that you want a sponsorship line item to serve. For creatives, the portion, as a percentage, that you want a particular creative to serve within a creative rotation
Weighted rotation
A type of creative rotation. Each creative will rotate based on the frequency that you specify.
Yield group
Name of the group of ad networks or exchanges which allows you to specify what inventory you want to sell with Ad Exchange, Open Bidding, or Mediation.
Yield partner
The term for "ad network" companies in Ad Manager. These companies can be used for Mediation for mobile apps or Open Bidding, depending on the settings.
Revenue and impression data for both direct sales (standard and sponsorship) and house or remnant inventory.


text:
Saint Spyridon the Wonder-Working Bishop of Trimythous
The island of Cyprus was where this outstanding saint was born and also where he served the Church. He was born into a family of ordinary country folk and remained a simple and humble man throughout his life, until his demise. He was married at a young age and had children, but when his wife died he devoted himself entirely to the service of God. Thanks to the exceptional piety which distinguished him, he was elected bishop in the town of Trimythous. Even as bishop, however, he didn't alter his simple way of life. He continued to look after his animals himself and to cultivate the ground with his own hands.
He kept very little of his produce for himself, preferring to share the greater part with the destitute. Through the power of God, he performed great miracles: he brought rain during a period of drought; stopped the flow of a river; raised people from the dead; cured the emperor, Constantine, of a serious illness; saw and heard angels of God; foretold the future; discerned the secrets of people's hearts; brought many people to the true faith; and much else besides.
He took part in the 1st Ecumenical Synod in Nicaea (325), and brought many heretics back to the Orthodox faith, thanks to his clear and simple views on it and to his great miracles. Saint Spyridon was so ordinary in his appearance that when he once wanted to enter the royal court, at the invitation of the emperor, a soldier took him for a beggar and struck him on the face. Humble and guileless as he was, Saint Spyridon turned the other cheek!
He glorified God with a host of miracles and benefited not only a large number of people, but the Church of God as a whole. He went to his rest in the Lord in the year 348. His wonder-working relics are preserved on Corfu and through them he continues to glorify God to this day with the miracles he performs.
Nothing can benefit us if we aren't compassionate towards other people and if we don't forgive them their weaknesses. How can we hope to be forgiven by God, unless we first forgive others. On one occasion, Saint Spyridon sold a hundred goats to an animal trader at a price they had agreed on and the saint asked for his money. Knowing that Saint Spyridon never counted money, the trader gave him enough to cover the cost of ninety-nine goats and kept back the cost of the hundredth. The saint counted out a hundred goats and handed them over.
But as the trader and his servants were leading the flock away, one of the animals started bleating and tried to return. He chased it but it wouldn't go back. No matter how many times he chased it, it kept leaving and didn't want to go with the other goats. Then the saint approached the trader and whispered in his ear: "Look, son, it's no coincidence that the animal's behaving like that. Did you maybe hold back what was due for it?". The trader felt ashamed and confessed his sin. As soon as he'd paid the sum he'd held back for the goat, the animal left immediately and went to join the rest of the flock.
On another occasion it happened that rustlers managed to get into Saint Spyridon's sheep-fold. When they'd seized as many animals as they could manage, they turned to make their escape, but an unseen force held them in the same place, so that they were unable to move. At dawn, when Saint Spyridon went out to see to his flock, he rebuked them mildly and urged them to live in future off their own efforts, rather than by resorting to stealing. Then he took a sheep and gave it to them, saying: "This is for your trouble, so that your all-night vigil won't go unrewarded" And then he sent them away in peace.
Saint Nikolaï Velimirović, The Ochrid Prologue, December.
(Source: Pemptousia)
Sunday, December 9: "Woman, you are freed from your infirmity!"

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Well...Saturday was a busy day for me, and Sunday was tiring. I started work at 6am EST and thanks to the lovely people I work with, I was able to leave early (11am) to catch my flight to Los Angeles. There was a little stopover in Las Vegas, so as tribute to my late grandmother, Fran, I gambled away $10 on slots. Our flight landed at LAX on time (~5pm PST) and I lucked out! My bag was one of the first off the plane and I caught the Disneyland Express at 5:30. I would have had to wait an hour if I missed that one. I should iterate to all the runners out there that my carry-on bag had my running shoes, clothes and costume in it as well as all my valuables. I used to be a Cub Scout after all - be prepared! Also a good Disney song. I got to my hotel and met up (after what seemed like a labyrinth of pathways) with the wonderful woman who answered my call on RunDisney's facebook page and had picked up my runner-packet (pictured above) - supposedly, you had to pick up your packets at the expo (which I couldn't attend due to work) - I saw some at the tent when I picked up my Coast to Coast bracelet. Grrr! All that stress worrying about my packet for nothing. I had a late dinner of spaghetti and chicken parmesan and headed back to the hotel.
I went to bed at about 10:30pm and was pretty restless - some nerves about the race, some nerves about the alarm not going off - I finally just got up at 3:15am, before my alarm. I snacked on a tortilla dipped in peanut butter while I got my costume ready. I was out the door at 3:25 and upon exiting the hotel, I saw the shuttle at the traffic light, so I ran to it and she thankfully let me on (something that is apparently illegal which she had to tell me). After the Disney Princess Half Marathon in Orlando, it was nice getting to the race early! I checked my bag, went to the bathroom, drank some water, had some granola bars - after all, I had another hour until the first corral left the start gate - I was in Corral D (the fourth corral). There wasn't much pre-race to do (nor was there must post-race...I recommend doing a race in Orlando over Anaheim), so I headed to the corral and talked to some nice people from the area for an hour. Then, we were off!
Overall, I had a great time - I'm glad I finished, I got some great photos and my time was a personal record - 2:44:45 (that's 2 hours, 44 minutes, 45 seconds) - about 43 minutes faster than my previous half marathon. Looking forward to relaxing the rest of the day - going to head to California Adventure and take in all the new attractions and shows that have appeared since my first visit to Disneyland in 2009. And I'm here for another two full days - woo hoo!


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Family Law Specialist Richard Orsinger Presents Insights on Same-Sex Marriage Debate
DALLAS – Drawing on his dual expertise in Family Law and Appellate Law, respected San Antonio attorney Richard R. Orsinger recently detailed the evolution of the ongoing debate surrounding the legalization of same-sex marriages in a presentation to the Texas Center for the Judiciary Family Justice Conference.
The presentation was based upon Mr. Orsinger's paper "Same-Sex Marriages and Gender Identity Issues." The full paper, and the accompanying power point presentation, can be found online at ONDAFamilyLaw.com. The Jan. 28 presentation was one of the first and most comprehensive assessments of the legal debate in Texas over marriage and divorce between same-sex partners.
In his presentation, Mr. Orsinger, a name partner in the Family Law firm Orsinger, Nelson, Downing & Anderson, LLP, offered an extensive review of related U.S. Supreme Court and U.S. Courts of Appeals cases, as well as legislation such as the Defense of Marriage Act, choice-of-law principles, and the Texas state laws that provide a framework for the current debate over same-sex marriage. Additionally, he examined the process of bringing a constitutional challenge to Texas law.
The Texas Constitution and Texas Family Code currently prohibit state courts from recognizing same-sex marriages, including those from states where same-sex marriage is allowed. However, those prohibitions have been declared unconstitutional by a Federal District Judge in San Antonio. The appeal of that ruling was argued to a three-justice panel of the 5th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals in New Orleans on Jan. 9, with a decision expected later this year. In the meantime, some Texas district judges have begun to hear same-sex divorce cases involving partners who were legally married in other states.
In the introduction, Mr. Orsinger notes the legal parallels between the current litigation on same-sex marriage and the litigation that led to the overturning of state bans on interracial marriages in the U.S. Supreme Court's landmark 1967 ruling in Loving v. Virginia. Mr. Orsinger suggests that courts are again contemplating overriding historical precedents, the decisions of state legislatures, and amendments to state constitutions, based on the 14th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.
"The validity of a marriage in the United States has historically been a question of state law. But U.S. Supreme Court precedent recognizes the right to marry the person of your choice as a fundamental right. When coupled with the equal protection and due process of law guarantees in the 14th Amendment, the vast majority of courts that have considered the question have held that any state law that impinges on the right to marry any person of any gender is unconstitutional, and that states must grant same-sex marriage and must recognize as valid those that were created elsewhere," he says.
One of the most honored and respected Family Law attorneys in Texas, Mr. Orsinger was the recipient of the Texas Center for the Judiciary's Exemplary Non-Judicial Faculty Award for 2013-2014. Selected for 12 consecutive years to the exclusive Texas Super Lawyers list, he also has been recognized five of the past six years as one of Texas' Top 10 lawyers by Super Lawyers. He has been listed by The Best Lawyers in America among the leading Family Law attorneys in the country every year since 1987 and among the top Appellate Law attorneys since 2007. He is one of only two Texas attorneys to receive multiple Franklin Jones Best Continuing Legal Education Article Awards from the College of the State Bar of Texas.
With 17 lawyers and offices in Dallas and San Antonio, Orsinger, Nelson, Downing & Anderson, LLP, is one of the largest firms in Texas focused solely on trials and appeals in Family Law cases. Five partners are Fellows in the American Academy of Matrimonial Lawyers. Every firm partner is a member of the Texas Academy of Family Law Specialists and all are Board Certified in Family Law by the Texas Board of Legal Specialization. Mr. Orsinger holds additional board certification in Civil Appellate Law. For more information, visit http://ondafamilylaw.com/.
INSUPPORTABILITY AND NO FAULT DIVORCE
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Getting Custody of Pets in a Divorce
Attorney Jeff Anderson Interviewed by NBCDFW About Protective Order Against Johnny Manziel
Texas' New Law on Protective Orders – House Bill 1782
The Missing Child Support Check
What is a Postmarital Agreement?
SO JUST WHAT IS "CONSCIOUS UNCOUPLING?"
The Paper Trail Always Leads to the Money
Secrets of Negotiating Property Division in Texas
WHAT IS THE UNIFORM CHILD CUSTODY JURISDICTION AND ENFORCEMENT ACT (UCCJEA)?
WHAT ARE GROUNDS FOR DIVORCE IN TEXAS?
WHAT IS THE CUSTODY LAW IN TEXAS? ATTORNEY JEFF ANDERSON EXPLAINS
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WHAT IS A MARRIAGE ANNULMENT?
IF I GET MY MARRIAGE ANNULLED THROUGH MY CHURCH, DOES THAT MEAN I'M DIVORCED?
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It's easy to substitute Rice Chex in place of the gluten-free crackers (and less expensive)! Put Rice Chex in a plastic zipper bag and roll with a rolling pin until crumb-like. I also use regular mustard instead of Dijon mustard and Italian Seasoning instead of sage.
Double the recipe to make 2 loaves and freeze one for later or save the extra 1 1/2 pounds of ground turkey for tacos or hamburgers. You could also bake mini meatloaves in muffin tins or mini loaf pans and freeze them for single-serve meals.
If you choose to buy the 16-20 ounce packages of ground turkey, just use a little bit less of each ingredient since the recipe calls for 1 1/2 lbs.


text:
Kevin Stenlund
Huddinge, Sweden
2018-19 NOTES: Returned on loan to Cleveland (AHL) by Columbus (NHL) 1/20/19…Recalled by Columbus (NHL) from loan to Cleveland (AHL) 1/11/19…Assigned by Columbus (NHL) to Cleveland (AHL) on 10/1/18…LAST SEASON: Logged 0-2-2 with four penalty minutes and a -1 rating in seven appearances for Cleveland (AHL)…Registered 7-15-22 with 28 penalty minutes and a +4 rating in 43 appearances for HV 71 (SHL).CAREER NOTES: Notched 0-2-2 with four penalty minutes and a -1 rating in seven appearances for Cleveland (AHL) during 2017-18 season…Posted 22-23-45 with 66 penalty minutes and a +4 rating in 151 appearances for HV71 (AHL) spanning parts of four seasons from 2014-18…Helped HV71 claim 2017 SHL Championship…Signed three-year entry-level contract with Columbus (NHL) 5/23/17… AMATEUR CAREER: Notched 25-47-72 with 75 penalty minutes and +17 rating in 85 appearances for HV71 J20 (SuperElit) spanning parts of four seasons from 2013-17.


text:
David Ager
Senior Lecturer in Executive Education
Managing Director, Executive Development, Executive Education
David Ager is a Senior Lecturer in Executive Education. He engages CEOs, CHROs, and their teams to design and deliver customized executive development experiences for executive, senior and high potential leaders. The companies hail from diverse sectors including energy, fast moving consumer goods, quick service food, finance, government, media, automotive, retail, gems and jewelry, spirits and luxury goods. His teaching addresses a broad set of topics within leadership development and organizational behavior.
David chairs Harvard Business School's first two executive development programs intended for Native American, First Nations, Aboriginal and Indigenous Leaders. The first of these programs, Leading People and Investing to Build Sustainable Communities, was launched in 2017. David worked closely with AFOA, NAFOA, NCAI, and HUNAP to design this program, which is intended to explore how governance practices can shape the management of investments (e.g. sovereign wealth funds) with a longer-term view toward building sustainable communities. The second program focuses on leading high performing Aboriginal Financial Institutions. These organizations provide capital to finance Aboriginal small and medium-sized enterprises with the goal to increase social and economic self-reliance and sustainability for Indigenous people.
David also co-chairs Families in Business and Family Office Wealth Management, two Harvard Business School executive education programs focused on Governance of the Family Enterprise.
David's consulting work involves supporting senior executives in for profit organizations and government agencies on leadership development, large-scale organizational change, agility, team building and succession, among other topics. In addition, he advises family-controlled enterprises around the world on the strategies for successfully sustaining the family, business and family office over multiple generations.
From 2004 to 2012 David served as a faculty member and the director of undergraduate studies in the Sociology Department at Harvard University. One of the first faculty to introduce the case method of learning to Harvard College, David offered courses on leadership, organizational sociology, and field research methods. In 2008 he introduced the first undergraduate course on Social Entrepreneurship at Harvard College with an emphasis on using entrepreneurial approaches to create for-profit, not-for-profit, and hybrid ventures to address social problems and bring about social change. Before coming to Harvard, David was a research associate and Director of Program Mexico at the Ivey Business School in Canada, where he conducted research and wrote cases on companies from Canada, the United States and México doing business in México. David began his career as a civil servant in the Canadian Federal Government where he served as the Chief of Administration to the Minister in the Fisheries and Oceans and later the Employment and Immigration Departments.
In 2004 David earned a Ph.D. in Organizational Behavior, a joint degree granted by Harvard Business School and Harvard's Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. He also earned an Honors B.Sc. in Economics and Human Biology from the University of Toronto, an MBA from the Richard Ivey School of Business, University of Western Ontario and a Master's degree in Sociology from Harvard University. In 2010 Harvard University awarded David the Levenson Memorial Teaching Prize for excellence in teaching and dedication to undergraduate education. In 2011 he was awarded the Phi Beta Kappa Prize for excellence in teaching at Harvard University by the Alpha-Iota of Massachusetts Phi Beta Kappa chapter. David's ongoing research interests include leading through change, especially in the context of Mergers and Acquisitions, Belongingness, and Resilience.
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Publications Awards & Honors
Ager, David. "The Emotional Impact and Behavioral Consequences of Post-M&A Integration: An Ethnographic Case Study in the Software Industry." Journal of Contemporary Ethnography 40, no. 2 (April 2011): 199–230. View Details
Cases and Teaching Materials
Edmondson, Amy C., David Ager, and Emily Harburg. "Teaming at Disney Animation." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 617-036, January 2017. View Details
Ager, David L., and Michael A. Roberto. "Trader Joe's." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 714-420, September 2013. View Details
Ager, David L., and Michael A. Roberto. "Trader Joe's." Harvard Business School Case 714-419, September 2013. (Revised April 2014.) View Details
Ager, David, and John A. Davis. "Bentington Industries." Harvard Business School Case 806-115, January 2006. (Revised September 2007.) View Details
Perlow, Leslie A., and David Ager. "Cat is out of the Bag, The: KANA and the Layoff Gone Awry (A)." Harvard Business School Case 403-117, January 2003. (Revised April 2004.) View Details
DeLong, Thomas J., Scott Baldwin, Chris Strong, Andrew Feng, Eliza Moody, and David Ager. "Ottawa Voyageurs, The." Harvard Business School Case 404-023, July 2003. (Revised October 2003.) View Details
DeLong, Thomas J., Tejal Mody, and David Ager. "C&S Wholesale Grocers: Self-Managed Teams." Harvard Business School Case 404-025, August 2003. (Revised October 2003.) View Details
Perlow, Leslie A., and David Ager. "Cat is out of the Bag, The: Kana and the Layoff Gone Awry (TN) (A), (B), and (C)." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 404-060, September 2003. (Revised October 2003.) View Details
Perlow, Leslie A., and David Ager. "Cat is out of the Bag, The: KANA and the Layoff Gone Awry (B)." Harvard Business School Case 403-118, January 2003. (Revised October 2003.) View Details
Perlow, Leslie A., and David Ager. "Cat is out of the Bag, The: KANA and the Layoff Gone Awry (C)." Harvard Business School Case 403-119, January 2003. (Revised October 2003.) View Details
DeLong, Thomas J., and David Ager. "De La Salle Academy." Harvard Business School Case 404-024, July 2003. View Details
Winner of the 2011 Phi Beta Kappa Alpha Iota Prize for Excellence in Teaching.
Winner of the 2010 Joseph R. Levenson Memorial Teaching Prize.


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Answer : 2. "Gupta period"
Answer : 2. "Dhana Nanda"
Answer : 4. "Andhra Pradesh"
Answer: B) Kharoshti Explanation: The Kharoshi script is an ancient script used by the ancient Gandhara culture of South Asia primarily in modern-day Afghanistan and Pakistan to write the Gandhari language (a dialect of Prakrit) and the Sanskrit language.
Report Error : The Ajanta painting belongs to which period ?
Report Error : Who started the Saka Era which is still used by the Government of India ?
Report Error : Alexander, the Great invaded India during the rule of ?
Report Error : After independence, the first state organized on the basis of language age is ?
Report Error : Which one of the following scripts of ancient India was written from right to left ?


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Bag of Bones	Sue Millinocket	2016-12-31T17:55:28-07:00
Letting the Bones Out of the Bag
Author: Stephen King
Calling something "average" really doesn't sound like a compliment. But it depends on what that thing is and who produced it. When the item in question is a novel and the author is Stephen King, well, then "average" is really pretty damn good. Average for him is hitting it out of the park for most authors. So without intending to damn with faint praise, I would definitely call 1998's Bag of Bones an average Stephen King novel.
Main character Mike Noonan is a not-quite-bestselling author of popular fiction. He and his wife Johanna live in Derry, Maine and have a summer home in western Maine on a lake named Dark Score. Since we know nothing good ever happens in Derry, Johanna dies in the first pages of the book, setting up 40-year-old Mike as the grieving widower with a crippling case of writers block. After trying to cope for a good long time and failing, Mike finally decides to visit that long neglected summer home, named Sara Laughs, to see if he can shake the cobwebs loose. Of course he does much more than that – running afoul of a local big shot and getting involved with a young (very young) widow and her 3-year-old daughter.
The tag line in Bag of Bones is A Haunted Love Story. There is indeed a lot of haunting, but also a lot of different love stories. It isn't all about Mike and a new love, though he definitely notices that Mattie Devore is a very pretty young woman. It's mostly about Mike and Johanna, Mike and his writing, Mattie and her daughter Kyra and the long ago residents responsible for the strangely named Sara Laughs. It's a lot of different kinds of love, all wrapped together in one supernatural package.
In the supernatural haunting sense, the book totally works. King is no hack – he knows how to write about a haunted house. Or
What's lurking in YOUR cabin?
town. Or person. The place where Bag of Bones falls a little short is in the characters. That's an unusual circumstance, since I consider characterization to be one of King's greatest strengths.
But I am not a fan of his thinly veiled autobiographical characters. The popular fiction author living in Maine is just too damn close to being Stephen King. While I doubt the character of Mike Noonan bears a whole lot of resemblance to king as a person (not like the brilliant use of self when creating Jack Torrance in The Shining), the external details make it hard for me not to see Noonan with King's face. And honestly, I have no interest in picturing King's raging hard-on when Mike looks at a picture of his late wife or the pretty legs of Mattie Devore. Call me crazy, but there it is. Noonan isn't strong enough as an individual character to overcome his admittedly pretty shallow resemblance to his creator. Mattie, Kyra, the town's people – none of them have quite the refined and nuanced feel that I've come to expect from King. So they're good characters, in a good story, but none comes close to reaching real greatness.
As always, the book is well plotted and paced, with appropriately evil villains and real feeling hauntings. The child is a little precocious for my tastes, but I like the interaction between Noonan and the permanent residents living near Dark Score Lake. Overall, this would be a solid 4 star book from any other author, but I don't apologize for holding King to a higher standard when it comes to creating characters that feel whole. So 3 stars out of 5 for Bag of Bones and a recommendation for fans. If you're new to King, don't start here – but definitely don't avoid it if you enjoy his other work.
— S. Millinocket
Bag of Bones (Mass Market Paperback)
List Price: $7.99 USD
Sue is an Editorial Manager at Silver Beacon Marketing who reads books, watches TV, over-mothers her nearly grown children and aspires to someday be the neighborhood Crazy Cat Lady.
Latest posts by Sue Millinocket (see all)
Fall Photo Contest Winner - November 20, 2014
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Gone Girl – The Movie - February 21, 2013


See Bill in fine form preparing his favorite dish: eggs. We also stumbled into a treasure trove of great writing by dad, including Bamboo Latrines (from WW II), Boundaries, A Front Porch in San Diego, and Holidays. Many more great comments, including by John Shean, Amy Schulemberg, the Springers, Janet and Brendan Keleher, Tim McKee, and more.
Bill was a founding member of the Ron (Phillips), John (Brooks) and Bill Original Chevy Dealers Bus and Truck Company.
We were a a trio of vagabonds that snuck into Denver and Chicago frequently and picked up local crews to produce TV spots for the regional dealer groups.
Since we were in and out in a flash, and had extremely limited budgets, we generally avoided the niceities of accepted production. Which meant we rarely had pre-production meetings, got location permits, cops to guide running shots or union talent.
This risked us to potentially long and costly production shut downs. But, since God loves Fools and Drunks and the RJB Bus and Truck Co., we generally went about our blithe ways without peril.
One potential disaster does live fondly in the recesses of my brain, however.
We were shooting at Red Rocks in Denver. If you haven't been there it is an awesomely beautiful natural setting.
We were in the middle of some imperative running shots when a Ranger came up to our pickup truck which was doubling as a camera car and stopped us.
"Who's in charge here?" the Ranger asked sternly.
It was obvious, he didn't suffer poachers easily. Immediately, John, Bill and I pointed at one another.
"Lemme see your permit." The Ranger growled.
Silence. Desperate measures called for desperate measures.
"Sure," I shrugged. "Bill show him the permit."
"Permit?" Bill asked innocently. "Didn't you get it?"
"No," I responded just as innocently. "I thought you got it."
"Gee, I'm sorry officer," Bill apologized. "I think we got mixed signals. Anyway, we're almost done. Would you mind if we just got this one shot?"
The Ranger screwed his mouth back and forth mulling it over. Finally he shrugged, . "Ok," and headed for his pickup. "But if anyone asks, I never saw you guys."


text:
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text:
Бассер () — может означать:

 Бассер — работник ресторанного или общественного питания.

Фамилия
  (род. 1999) — бельгийский хип-хоп исполнитель.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


For other uses, see Prussia (disambiguation).
Prussia (German: Preußen, Lithuanian: Prūsija, Polish: Prusy) is a historical region stretching from Gdańsk Bay to the end of Curonian Spit on the southeastern coast of the Baltic Sea, and extending inland as far as Masuria. The territory and inhabitants were described by Tacitus in Germania in AD 98, where Suebi, Goths and other Germanic people lived on both sides of the Vistula River, adjacent to Aesti (further east). About 800–900 years later the Aesti were named Old Prussians, who since AD 997 repeatedly successfully defended against take-over attempt by the newly created Duchy of the Polans. The territory of the Prussians and neighboring Couronians and Livonians was in the 1230s under Papal Order established as Teutonic Order State. Prussia was politically divided in the period 1466-1772, with western Prussia under protection of the crown of Poland-Lithuania and eastern Prussia a Polish fief until 1660. The unity of both parts of Prussia remained preserved by retaining its borders, citizenship and authonomy until western and eastern Prussia were also politically re-united under the Kingdom of Prussia. It is famous for many lakes, as well as forests and hills. Since the military conquest by the Soviet Army in 1945 and the expulsion of the inhabitants it divided between northern Poland (most of the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship), Russia's Kaliningrad exclave, and southwestern Lithuania (Klaipėda Region). The former German state of Prussia (1701–1947) derived its name from the region.
The area was settled by the bearers of the Corded Ware culture in the 4th millennium BC. These were presumably the early Indo-European speakers which in the Baltic would diversify into the Satem (Balto-Slavic) branch which would ultimately give rise to the Balts as the speakers of the Baltic languages. The Balts would have become differentiated into Western and Eastern Balts in the late centuries BC. The region was inhabited by ancestors of Western Balts – Old Prussians, Sudovians/Jotvingians, Scalvians, Nadruvians, and Curonians while the eastern Balts settled in what is now Lithuania, Latvia and Belarus).
The Greek explorer Pytheas (4th century BC) may have referred to the territory as Mentenomon and to the inhabitants as Guttones (neighbours of the Teutones). A river to the east of the Vistula was called the Guttalus, perhaps corresponding to the Nemunas, the Łyna, or the Pregola. In 98 AD Tacitus described one of the tribes living near the Baltic Sea (Mare Svebicum) as Aestiorum gentes and amber-gatherers.
The Vikings started to penetrate the southeastern shores of the Baltic Sea in the 7th and 8th centuries. The largest trade centres of the Prussians, such as Truso and Kaup, seem to have absorbed a number of Norsemen. Prussians used the Baltic Sea as a trading route, frequently travelling from Truso to Birka (present-day Sweden).
At the end of the Viking Age, the sons of Danish king Harald Bluetooth and Canute the Great launched several expeditions against the Prussians. They destroyed many areas in Prussia, including Truso and Kaup, but failed to dominate the population totally. A Viking (Varangian) presence in the area was "less than dominant and very much less than imperial."
According to a legend, recorded by Simon Grunau, the name "Prussia" is derived from Pruteno (or Bruteno), the chief priest of Prussia and brother of the legendary king Widewuto, who lived in the 6th century. The regions of Prussia and the corresponding tribes are said to bear the names of Widewuto's sons — for example, Sudovia is named after Widewuto's son Sudo. The territory was probably identified as Brus in the 8th-century map of the Bavarian Geographer. The name has nothing to do with the fact the region is situated between the present day countries of Poland and Russia, therefore merging the two names to create "Prussia".
The Old Prussians spoke a variety of languages, with Old Prussian belonging to the Western branch of the Baltic language group. Old Prussian, or related Western Baltic dialects, may have been spoken as far southeast as Mazovia and even Belarus in the early medieval period, but these populations would probably have undergone Slavicization before the 10th century.
Meanwhile, the big part of later Prussia, west of Vistula and south of Osa rivers, has been inhabited by Lechitic (Poliah and Pomeranian) tribes.
Medieval depiction of Prussians killing Saint Adalbert, the missionary bishop; part of the Gniezno Doors, c. 1175.
Map of Old Prussian tribes in the 13th century. The indicated cities/castles were built by the Teutonic Knights to facilitate the conquest.
The Prussian tribes in the context of the other Baltic tribes, c. 1200 AD. The Eastern Balts are shown in brown hues while the Western Balts are shown in green. The boundaries are approximate.
In the first half of the 13th century, Bishop Christian of Prussia recorded the history of a much earlier era. Adam of Bremen mentions Prussians in 1072.
After the Christianisations of the West Slavs in the 10th century, the state of the Polans was established and there were first attempts at conquering and baptising the Baltic peoples. Bolesław I Chrobry sent Adalbert of Prague in AD 997 on a military and Christianizing mission. Adalbert, accompanied by armed guards, attempted to convert the Prussians to Christianity. He was killed by a Prussian pagan priest in 997. In 1015, Bolesław sent soldiers again, with some short-lived success, gaining regular paid tribute from some Prussians in the border regions, but it did not last. Polish rulers sent invasions to the territory in 1147, 1161-1166, and a number of times in the early 13th century. While these were repelled by the Prussians, the Chełmno Land became exposed to their frequent raids.
At that time, Pomerelia belonged to the diocese of Włocławek, while Chełmno to the diocese of Płock.
In the beginning of 13th century Konrad of Mazovia had called for Crusades and tried for years to conquer Prussia, but failed. Thus the pope set up further crusades. Finally the Duke invited the Teutonic Knights to fight the inhabitants of Prussia in exchange for a fief of Chełmno Land. Prussia was conquered by the Teutonic Knights during the Prussian Crusade and administered within their Teutonic Order state.
After the acquisition of Pomerelia in 1308/10, the meaning of the term Prussia was widened to include areas west of the Vistula.
Königsberg (Kaliningrad) was founded in 1255, and joined the Hanseatic League in 1340. Danzig (Gdańsk) followed in 1361. From this time Prussia was connected to the trade network spanning throughout the North Sea and the Baltic Sea.
With the Second Peace of Thorn (1466), Prussia was divided into eastern and western lands. The western part became the province of Royal Prussia adjacent to the Kingdom of Poland, while the eastern part of the monastic state became a fief of Poland.
In 1492, a life of Saint Dorothea of Montau, published in Marienburg (Malbork), became the first printed publication in Prussia.
During the Protestant Reformation, endemic religious upheavals and wars occurred, and in 1525, the last Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights, Albert of Brandenburg, a member of a cadet branch of the House of Hohenzollern, adopted the Lutheran faith, resigned his position, and assumed the title of "Duke of Prussia." In a deal partially brokered by Martin Luther, the Duchy of Prussia became the first Protestant state and a vassal of Poland. The ducal capital of Königsberg, now Kaliningrad, became a centre of learning and printing through the establishment of the Albertina University in 1544.
Ducal Prussia passed to the senior Hohenzollern branch, the ruling Margraves of Brandenburg, in 1618, and Polish sovereignty over the duchy ended in 1657 with the Treaty of Wehlau. Because Ducal Prussia lay outside of the Holy Roman Empire, Frederick I achieved the elevation of the duchy to the Kingdom of Prussia in 1701. The former ducal lands became known as East Prussia.
In Royal Prussia, an autonomous region, under the King of Poland-Lithuania the official language was still German. Its population was partly Polish-Catholic (Chełmno Land, Kociewie, Kaszuby, Sztum) and partly German-Protestant (Toruń, Gdańsk, Żuławy Wiślane, Elbląg). Dantzig had about 50,000 inhabitants, while e.g. Cracow only 20,000. Thorn and Elbing were also large cities, with 10,000 burghers. Dantzig and Żuławy Wiślane were partly Dutch, with some Calvinists and Mennonites.
Royal Prussia was annexed from the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth by the Kingdom of Prussia during the late 18th-century Partitions of Poland and administered within West Prussia.
The Old Prussian language had mostly disappeared by 1700. The last speakers may have died in the plague and famine that ravaged Prussia in 1709 to 1711.
Prussia after 1466: light grey – Duchy of Prussia.
Gdańsk was the biggest city and main port of Poland in 15th-18th century.
After unifying the region of Prussia into one state, it became a single province, later divided again into West and East. Also the northernmost area of Greater Poland (Sępólno Krajeńskie, Złotów and Wałcz) was adjoined to it. Its population was still partly Polish and partly German, partly Catholic and partly Lutheran (both divisions overlapping especially in the west).
Though the Kingdom of Prussia was a member of the German Confederation from 1815 to 1866, the provinces of Posen and Prussia were not a part of Germany until the creation of the German Empire in 1871 during the unification of Germany.
By the Treaty of Versailles, most of West Prussia that had belonged to the Prussian kingdom and the German Empire were ceded to the Second Polish Republic. Danzig became the Free City. East Prussia, minus the Memelland, received some districts of former West Prussia and remained within the German Weimar Republic.
According to the Potsdam Conference in 1945 after World War II, the German part of Prussia was divided between Poland and the Soviet Union. Warmia and Masuria are now in Poland, while northern East Prussia is Russian. Its Polish part (with Lębork and Bytów) has about 45,000 km2 and over 4,000,000 inhabitants, while Russian part – 15,000 km2 and almost 1,000,000 people.
↑ Gwyn Jones. A History of the Vikings. Oxford University Press, 2001. ISBN 0-19-280134-1. Page 244.
↑ However, the constitution of the short-lived Frankfurt Parliament incorporated Prussia and the western and northern parts of Posen into Germany from 1848 to 1851.
↑ Since the Partitions of Poland which began in 1772.
This page was last modified on 20 May 2016, at 01:44.


Maybe they're spirits/souls of past lives who chose you for a temporary home. See if you can pick up from them life lessons that they learned.
I've been trying to work into all of that... and you just gave me a most perfect path to follow. I've hinted at shaktiman the aspect of our spiritual selves known as 'soul groups'. One's soul group is made up of entities whom have passed or are living in other dimensions (even our own).
Most don't want to believe in reincarnation but 'past lives' would mean my own past lives. One could not possibly count the number of beings either living or not... you can try though, if you want.
This is my understanding of our spiritual selves, our spirits are immortal. We come and we go, only to reincarnate yet again... this is your true self that you will find in the Ether. The Ether is the sum of all energies and such is represented like this: I3 which means infinitely cubed... it is the matter end of creation that is finite, and yet variable, and can be expressed as a, b, c, d, et cetera... and if you look close enough you'll notice that each character is different, just like the individuals said characters represent.
So, to pick up on the 'life lessons' of others and learn from them is a doable thing when communing with the Universe via the Ethers..
It's not my way to shove anything down anyone throat, (that's the government's job) because your freewill states that you have choices of your own, and are free to share your thoughts... and sharing thoughts is what I love to do, (albeit in an awkward manner sometimes), because I can give, give give... while 'being' happy about it.
The God portrayed in many text is not at all like said portrayals... however, there are gods out there who fit that to a 't'... 't' as in trouble.
You're counted among the few who will actually look and BEHOLD! in my profile, the first thing on the list of interests is humor... those with eyes to see.... seek and you shall find.
The John, Wonder and Richie songs came to me from a single energy signature.
Edited by Vanka Savolov, 04 June 2018 - 11:21 PM.
The Ether is shouting: BEER! BEER!, WE WANT BEER! Save your money, this one's on the House.
How big is small and how small is big? It's a matter of perspective, me thinks... but it's all the same, irregardless!
Reoccurring songs keep coming up, this is the latest one... it's from that same energy signature. The ball is in your half of the court... what's that? You're not sure if you can handle that strange/weird aspect of me? I will not change for anyone... which is why I'm still single. If I'm to be more like someone else, then I am no longer being me. There's too much of that other, and that's why I'm so much in contrast, because the same-old-same-old is a quick path to boredom and stagnation. But I still love the sentiments coming from you.
Edited by Vanka Savolov, 14 June 2018 - 04:58 AM.


Watch The Orville Season 1 Episode 3 online via TV Fanatic with over 1 options to watch the The Orville S1E3 full episode. Affiliates with free and paid streaming include Amazon.
On The Orville Season 1 Episode 3, when Bortus and Klyden debate if their newly born offspring should receive a controversial surgery, the crew is divided.


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The Colony Wills & Trusts Lawyers
Probate Attorney in The Colony TX
Probate Attorney in The Colony, Texas
Find the right Probate Attorney attorney in The Colony, TX
In The Colony, Texas, probate is a legal procedure that a court must go through before giving effect to a will. Before putting a will into effect, a court has to decide that it is legitimate.
As part of this procedure, the court in The Colony, Texas has various important responsibilities. Most especially, it has to decide if the will is valid, and consider evidence that it is not (if any such evidence exists). The probate court then has to guarantee that the property is distributed in an orderly manner, as close to the terms of the will (assuming it is valid) as possible.
The executor of the estate is frequently named in the will. If not, the probate court in The Colony, Texas will name will appoint a person to serve as executor. This is typically the person who stands to inherit the most under the will.
The executor is the individual who initiates probate proceedings. The person who stands to inherit the most from the will is typically appointed the executor, because they will have the most incentive to help the process go as quickly as possible, so they can get their inheritance.
Duties of the Executor in The Colony, Texas
There are quite a few things that an executor is accountable for. At the outset, they are obligated to file the probate action with the appropriate court. No progress, let alone any final disposition of the estate, can be made until this happens.
Additionally, it's the executor's job to notify all affected parties that the person who made the will has died. "Interested parties" are usually people who are named in the will, or who would inherit the estate if the decedent had died without a will.
If the decedent was even reasonably well-off financially, it's likely that they'll have substantial amounts of both debts and assets. The executor is tasked with drafting an accurate accounting of the debts and assets of the estate, so as much of the decedent's debts can be paid off as possible.
As the representative of the estate, the executor has to take charge of the probate process, filing the proper court papers, and, if necessary, hiring an attorney for guidance. If the estate is large, and the executor stands to inherit a great deal of money once this process is done, they'll probably find it to be worth the time and expense.
How Can A The Colony, Texas Lawyer Help?
Because this can be (though isn't always) a fairly complicated process, it's a good idea to get a reliable probate lawyer in The Colony, Texas, especially if you find yourself being the executor of an estate, and aren't sure how to proceed.
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The beautiful community of Shell Bay consists of single family homes and is located in the city of Conway, South Carolina. This gorgeous community has ranch and traditionally styled homes. All of the homes in the community range from 1200 square feet to 2000 square feet. The community's homes typically start at around $100 per square foot and when compared to other communities this is a great price. Residents love that the community is located right off of Highway 905 between Main Street and Highway 22. There are many areas for residents to enjoy shopping, dining, entertainment, nightlife, golf, and outdoor recreation. Residents are also close to all of the amazing attractions that are located in the Myrtle Beach area. Feel free to take a look at the beautiful homes we have available today and let us know if you have any questions or interest.
Listing courtesy of House Finder Realty , David Harrison.


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Elon Musk says the Boring Company's tunnel will be "very one-dimensional." Elon Musk gave us a hypnotic look at his Boring Company's test tunnel under the Los Angeles area over the weekend.
The length of a person's fingers could provide a clue to their sexuality, with women whose ring fingers are longer than their index digits more likely to be lesbian, a study has suggested.
The biggest annual award for fiction books is around the corner. The Man Booker Prize's reading longlist and shortlist is already out, telling you the best books to read in 2018.
SEOUL: The South Korean military will gradually shorten the length of its mandatory military service, local media reported on Friday (Jul 27). Under the Defense Reform 2.
After 13 seasons as Supernatural's Dean Winchester, Jensen Ackles was pretty sure that there wasn't anything left to which he couldn't say, "Been there, played that.
NASHVILLE, Tenn. (Reuters) - The U.S. government plans to shorten the length of visas issued to some Chinese citizens as part of a strategy to prevent intellectual property theft by U.S.
Ponytails are so much more than just a rush-and-go style. Of course we love them for their ability to keep hair out of our faces on busy days or trips to the gym.
When the Duchess of Cambridge visited an Oxford primary school last week, her chic white coat and little black clutch showed off the style and taste we've come to expect.
Super Bowl Sunday represents the culmination of the year in football — two teams competing to be deemed champion of the most popular sport in America. It's also a great day to gamble.
As if conquering the world wasn't enough, Facebook has now invented its own measure of time. Dubbed 'flicks', the unit is defined as 1/705,600,000 seconds, or about 1.42 nanoseconds.
SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA—U.S. figure skater Nathan Chen may wow crowds with his endless quadruple jumps, but the Olympic hopeful can't hold a candle to the legless gall midge larva (Asphondylia sp).
These photos show the construction of the world's first sky pool, a staggering see-through stretch of water that will float between two luxury skyscrapers under construction in London.
Republican lawmakers continue to grapple with the length of the must-pass continuing resolution as the Dec. 8 deadline to pass a measure to keep the government funded quickly approaches.
These previously unseen colourised photos show the lengths which US soldiers went to during America's attempts to capture several Pacific Islands from the Japanese during the Second World War.
GP appointments in Britain are shorter than in most of the world's other rich nations, a study has revealed. Patients in the UK have average appointment times of 9.


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For exotic pets, the most popular are also most likely to be released in the wild
Reptiles that start out cheap, small and cute are the most likely to be released or escape – and potentially disrupt ecosystems, Rutgers study shows
For exotic pets, the most popular are also most likely to be released in the wild Reptiles that start out cheap, small and cute are the most likely to be released or escape – and potentially disrupt ecosystems, Rutgers study shows Check out this story on mycentraljersey.com: https://mycj.co/2nXSqZ8
Neal Buccino, Contributor Published 2:00 p.m. ET Aug. 22, 2018
NJ Health Department Commissioner Dr. Shereef Elnahal and State Public Health Veterinarian Colin Campbell informed the public about how to keep their pets safe during the summer. Alexandra Antonucci / Staff Video
The green iguana is a common exotic pet that originates from Central and South America and has been released into the wild in the U.S.(Photo: ~Courtesy of Rutgers Today)
NEW BRUNSWICK – Among pet snakes and lizards, the biggest-selling species are also the most likely to be released by their owners – and to potentially become invasive species, according to a Rutgers study published today in the Journal of Applied Ecology.
The study by Rutgers University–New Brunswick ecologists provides new clarity on how and why the exotic pet trade has become the primary venue by which reptiles and amphibians arrive in non-native lands, the first step to becoming ecologically damaging invaders.
The researchers documented 1,722 reptile and amphibian species in the U.S. exotic pet trade from 1999 to 2016. They compared the list with previous research and data from a citizen science project that records sightings in the U.S. of non-native species. They found that the most popular pets – those imported in high numbers and sold at low prices, usually when they're small and cute – are the most likely to be dumped into the wild later on.
READ: Keeping your pets safe in excessive heat: Health Department Commissioner offers tips, warnings
READ: 5 pets in need of good home in Central Jersey
"The owners may underestimate the space and costs needed to keep such animals as they grow into adults. Boa constrictors and reticulated pythons grow over 8 feet long. African clawed frogs and Russian tortoises live 30 years or more," said Oliver Stringham, study lead author and a Rutgers doctoral student. "Not wanting to euthanize, owners may resort to releasing them instead."
Released exotic pets can harm native wildlife through predation, competition for food and disease transmission. A prime example is the Burmese python, which grows up to 18 feet long and has been invasive in Everglades National Park since the 1990s, causing severe declines in native mammals and birds.
The study suggests providing potential owners with information about the future growth and lifespan of an exotic pet, along with the ecological damage that can result from releasing them, and a list of safe places to surrender them, including shelters, rehoming initiatives and buy-back programs, to avoid future releases.
Julie Lockwood, study co-author and a professor in the Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Natural Resources at Rutgers–New Brunswick, said, "While it might not be possible to fully prevent the release of exotic pets, reducing the number can be an effective way to prevent new species from becoming established and potentially invasive."
Read or Share this story: https://mycj.co/2nXSqZ8
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I realize that most people think they want money because then they'd be able to buy all the things they want. But what if I were to tell you that money is an illusion, a distraction from the real things you truly want in your life. You've heard it all before: money can't buy you happiness. And, if you're honest with yourself, you know it's true. But, what it really means is that money can't buy you the things that create a happy life. All the little such as: a good job, a peaceful home life, sense of accomplishment, love, true friends, people to lead, and a direction to follow.
If you do, do you know how to get it?
Here are three keys to receiving your desires. I've covered them before, but this is a stripped down version that will, hopefully, give you a better understanding of what you want and how to get it.
First off, I want to say that most people aren't supposed to have this knowledge. It's forbidden for a reason. You have to have a basic understanding of the mechanism that controls the universe before will begin to make sense. It will take more than reading this to get you up to speed on how and why you are in control of your experience and your reality. There are three keys that will truly manifest things into your life, but you have to be careful. Please read: 14 Laws of the Universe and try to put into practice the guidelines you find there.
Second, not everyone can grasp this technique. Especially the focusing aspect. Distractions are near and dear to us all, but some of us are complete slaves to their distraction. I want to urge you that, even if you don't believe this will work for you and never plan to try it, you should still put some effort into distancing yourself from your distractions. Be it your cell phone, television, Netflix, Youtube, Yahoo news, the news in general, you should spend a few minutes everyday just sitting lone with yourself learning to enjoy the sound of your own mind. This will create all kinds of happiness for you.
Third, for those you who are certain of your powers and have had a peek into the secret workings of reality, there is a warning even for you. The more you learn about this and the more you practice creating your own life, things will seem easier and more rewarding. But, there is a price to pay. You will lose friends — some who are dear to you — and you will find yourself alone more and more.
I admit, on the surface, both of these symptoms appear to be terrible and lonely, and they truly are at first. But, over time you will learn that you were using those people to mask the fact of your were not spending quality time with yourself. You were getting to know other people to replace not knowing yourself.
You must have good intentions concerning the things you desire. Many people have fear or hate at the core of their desire. This is an element of black magic and will not turn out well. So, why do you want what you want? It would be wise to think about your desires carefully. Imagine what your life would be like if you had already received your desire. How does it made you feel? How would your life be different? How has your desire affected the people around you? Will your desire affect people you don't know?
Spend time imagining in great detail your desires appearing in your life. Do they come all at once or it a gradual accumulation.
Emotion is the energy you use to will your desire into reality. You must get this right. If you feel more emotion and see it clearly, the faster it will happen. I find the strongest is the emotion of Gratitude.
This key is something that takes time to perfect. You will have to work at it. Practice it.
Just as in the first Key. Imagine your life with your desire already achieved. How does it make you feel? You must feel it in detail. The stronger the better.
Who do you ask? What do you Ask?
This is where people split up into groups and begin drawing lines between themselves. People who are over there are deemed evil or selfish or crazy. But, I want you to know that the most important aspect of receiving your desire is not convincing a higher power to give it to you. It's convincing yourself that you can have it and that it's available for you at any time.
Ask out loud and make your desire known. Remember this reality is made up of vibration. Use your voice to speak it into existence. Imagine your vibration, your energy (both physical vibration and emotional energy), transmuting everything it touches into what you want.
Some of us might pray to God. Others will ask the source. And then others will look to the universe to provide what they want. Either way, there is nothing standing between you and your desire. Ask for it and know you will receive it. Feel it getting closer to you, draw it in like a sponge, begin to live as if it is already part of your life.
You are worthy of your desires. Find out what they are, imagine them in great detail, and ask for them.
John spoke slowly into the microphone, but his confidence soared. "We survived the Y2K bug and the end of the Aztec calender. Not to mention, the multiple other dates of destruction that have come and gone taking with them the so-called prophets who wrongly spread fear in our hearts and spirits. And I suspect we will continue onwards and upwards into the coming Age of Aquarius where the majority of the people will begin to understand that we are all part of a single cosmic experience and just how important we are to each other. Everyone will begin to see that we are all the same, but different. This is what I have come to understand as enlightenment and what my book is about. Knowing that we are all the same, but different will cause us to ask why we are different and what our true role as a human might be.
John knew most people thought they had an idea of what life was about. John expected answers like: Love, finding God, helping others, even punishment for past sins. But, No one in the audience raised their hand.
John stood and the small audience clapped. Three people in the front row stood, which caused the others to stand. It was the beginning of his book tour. He was only fifty miles from his house, but everyone seemed to get into and enjoy the things he told them. This made him feel good.
Even better than drugs, he thought. But that wasn't hard to do because pills had pretty much stopped working for his pain and barely helped at all. So, this was a nice surprise. A standing ovation helped his pain more than anything he'd ever experienced. Actually, it felt good just to say these things out loud to anyone. The ideas had been in his head for so long he was beginning to think he would never find a publisher or a decent distributor.
As his head continued tingling with energy. It felt as if he was having an out of body experience and, even though there were only thirty-two people in the audience, he knew this was a sign of things to come. A good sign, he told himself.


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You are here: United Church Homes > News and Events > Corporate News > UCH Names New Annual Giving Coordinator
UCH Names New Annual Giving Coordinator
MARION, Ohio – United Church Homes recently named Cale Sandridge its new annual giving coordinator.
Sandridge, a 2011 graduate of Upper Sandusky High School and a 2015 graduate of Heidelberg University, first joined the Advancement Department at United Church Homes as an intern during the spring of his senior year. He later transitioned to become the organization's communications assistant, splitting his time between the Communications and Advancement departments.
"I am excited to play a major role in UCH's advancement efforts and ultimately help support and make a difference in the lives of the people we serve."
"Cale's commitment to our mission and those we serve at UCH is evident in his communications with our stakeholders," said Gloria Hurwitz, vice president of advancement and communications at United Church Homes. "I look forward to watching him grow our culture of philanthropy in his new role leading important annual giving initiatives."
In his new role as annual giving coordinator, Sandridge will develop content for the spring and year-end donor appeals, manage the September golf outing and run the employee giving campaign, which historically raises the largest contributions of any giving campaign for United Church Homes. In addition, Sandridge will work in donor relations.
"I am excited to play a major role in UCH's advancement efforts and ultimately help support and make a difference in the lives of the people we serve," Sandridge said.
Sandridge is a graduate of United Church Homes' first LEADS program, a collaborative internal leadership program with Ohio State University at Marion Alber Enterprise Center.
About United Church Homes: United Church Homes has been "Celebrating the Spirit" of seniors for a century. The nonprofit, faith-based organization is one of the largest providers of senior living, with more than 1,500 dedicated staff serving 4,500 residents of all faiths in 69 senior living communities throughout 14 states and two native American reservations. UCH is in covenant with the United Church of Christ and welcomes residents of all faiths.
Contact: Tiffany Latta, United Church Homes Communications Department, 740-382-4884, ext. 2012 or tlatta@uchinc.org.


Brad Ziegler's scoreless streak ended today at 39 innings when he gave up a run in the top of the 9th during today's game against the Tampa Bay Rays. His ERA now stands at .22...That's still pretty damn good if you ask me.
In other news, the A's have won 4 games since the ASB, and unless my math is wrong, they've scored 3 or fewer runs in 19 of their 25 games since the break.


Select four categorical variables – statements - that all use the same categories. Select and press 'OK' and the variables are displayed in the variable window.
Bottom and Top refers to the values of the categories, not the order! Top refers to the highest values(s), bottom to the lowest value(s).
Frequency grid tables can show the correlation between a group of variables and one other variable. In this example, we show the correlation between 4 variables and the variable 'I am generally satisfied with my job.
The correlation maximum is '1' and the minimum is '-1'. '1' means that there is a complete positive correlation between the variables.
In some situations, we just want to show correlations as absolute values. Set a checkmark 'Use Absolute Values'.
No matter whether a correlation is high or low it can still be insignificant based on a low number of observations. You can set a checkmark for Do not show Insignificant results. With this setting OfficeReports will check significance based on the Confidence interval settings.