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Winnipeg (/ˈwɪnɪpɛɡ/ (listen)) is the capital and largest city of the province of Manitoba in Canada. It is centred on the confluence of the Red and Assiniboine rivers, near the longitudinal centre of North America.
This article is about the Canadian city. For other uses, see Winnipeg (disambiguation).
Provincial capital city
City of Winnipeg
Ville de Winnipeg (French)
Clockwise from top: Downtown featuring the Canadian Museum for Human Rights, IG Field, Saint Boniface and the Esplanade Riel bridge, Wesley Hall at the University of Winnipeg, Manitoba Legislative Building.
"Gateway to the West", "Winterpeg", "The Peg"[1][2][3]
Unum Cum Virtute Multorum
(One with the Strength of Many)[4]
Location within Manitoba
Show map of Manitoba
Location within Canada
Show map of Canada
Location within North America
Show map of North America
Coordinates: 49°53′58″N 97°08′21″W
Winnipeg Capital
1738 (Fort Rouge)
1822 (Fort Garry)
1873 (City of Winnipeg)
Brian Bowman
• Governing body
Winnipeg City Council
• MPs
List of MPs
Daniel Blaikie
Terry Duguid
Jim Carr
Doug Eyolfson
Kevin Lamoureux
MaryAnn Mihychuk
Robert-Falcon Ouellette
Dan Vandal
• MLAs
List of MLAs
James Allum
Rob Altemeyer
Cathy Cox
Nic Curry
Myrna Driedger
Nahanni Fontaine
Jon Gerrard
Sarah Guillemard
Wab Kinew
Cindy Lamoureux
Jim Maloway
Flor Marcelino
Ted Marcelino
Colleen Mayer
Andrew Micklefield
Janice Morley-Lecomte
Brian Pallister
Jon Reyes
Mohinder Saran
Greg Selinger
Bernadette Smith
Rochelle Squires
Heather Stefanson
Andrew Swan
James Teitsma
Matt Wiebe
Blair Yakimoski
5,306.79 km2 (2,048.96 sq mi)
(2016 Census[8][9][10][11])
• Provincial capital city
705,244 (7th)
146.70/km2 (380.0/sq mi)
Winnipegger
UTC−6 (CST)
UTC−5 (CDT[12])
Forward sortation area
R2C – R4A
204 and 431
www.winnipeg.ca
The city is named after the nearby Lake Winnipeg; the name comes from the Western Cree words for muddy water. The region was a trading centre for Indigenous peoples long before the arrival of Europeans. French traders built the first fort on the site in 1738. A settlement was later founded by the Selkirk settlers of the Red River Colony in 1812, the nucleus of which was incorporated as the City of Winnipeg in 1873. As at 2016, Winnipeg is the seventh-most populated municipality in Canada, with a resident population of about 778,500.[8] Being far inland, the local climate is extremely seasonal even by Canadian standards with average January lows of around −21 °C (−6 °F) and average July highs of 26 °C (79 °F).[7]
Known as the "Gateway to the West", Winnipeg is a railway and transportation hub with a diversified economy. This multicultural city hosts numerous annual festivals, including the Festival du Voyageur, the Winnipeg Folk Festival, the Jazz Winnipeg Festival, the Winnipeg Fringe Theatre Festival, and Folklorama. Winnipeg was the first Canadian host of the Pan American Games. It is home to several professional sports franchises, including the Winnipeg Blue Bombers (Canadian football), the Winnipeg Jets (ice hockey), Manitoba Moose (ice hockey), Valour FC (soccer), and the Winnipeg Goldeyes (baseball).
Further information: History of Winnipeg and Timeline of Winnipeg history
Winnipeg lies at the confluence of the Assiniboine and the Red River of the North, a location now known as "The Forks". This point was at the crossroads of canoe routes travelled by First Nations before European contact.[13] Winnipeg is named after nearby Lake Winnipeg; the name is a transcription of the Western Cree words for muddy or brackish water.[14][15] Evidence provided by archaeology, petroglyphs, rock art and oral history indicates that native peoples used the area in prehistoric times for camping, harvesting, hunting, tool making, fishing, trading and, farther north, for agriculture.[16]
Estimates of the date of first settlement in this area range from 11,500 years ago for a site southwest of the present city to 6,000 years ago at The Forks.[15][17] In 1805, Canadian colonists observed First Nations peoples engaged in farming activity along the Red River. The practice quickly expanded, driven by the demand by traders for provisions.[18] The rivers provided an extensive transportation network linking northern First Peoples with those to the south along the Missouri and Mississippi rivers. The Ojibwe made some of the first maps on birch bark, which helped fur traders navigate the waterways of the area.[19]
Sieur de La Vérendrye built the first fur trading post on the site in 1738, called Fort Rouge.[20][21] French trading continued at this site for several decades before the arrival of the British Hudson's Bay Company after France ceded the territory following its defeat in the Seven Years' War.[22] Many French men who were trappers married First Nations women; their mixed-race children hunted, traded, and lived in the area. They gradually developed as an ethnicity known as the Métis because of sharing a traditional culture.[23]
Lord Selkirk was involved with the first permanent settlement (known as the Red River Colony), the purchase of land from the Hudson's Bay Company, and a survey of river lots in the early 19th century.[24] The North West Company built Fort Gibraltar in 1809, and the Hudson's Bay Company built Fort Douglas in 1812, both in the area of present-day Winnipeg.[25] The two companies competed fiercely over trade.[26] The Métis and Lord Selkirk's settlers fought at the Battle of Seven Oaks in 1816. In 1821, the Hudson's Bay and North West Companies merged, ending their long rivalry.[27] Fort Gibraltar was renamed Fort Garry in 1822 and became the leading post in the region for the Hudson's Bay Company.[28] A flood destroyed the fort in 1826 and it was not rebuilt until 1835.[28] A rebuilt section of the fort, consisting of the front gate and a section of the wall, is near the modern-day corner of Main Street and Broadway in downtown Winnipeg.[29]
In 1869–70, present-day Winnipeg was the site of the Red River Rebellion, a conflict between the local provisional government of Métis, led by Louis Riel, and newcomers from eastern Canada. General Garnet Wolseley was sent to put down the uprising. The Manitoba Act of 1870 made Manitoba the fifth province of the three-year-old Canadian Confederation.[30][31][32] Treaty 1, which encompassed the city and much of the surrounding area, was signed on 3 August 1871 by representatives of the Crown and local Indigenous groups, comprising the Brokenhead Ojibway, Sagkeeng, Long Plain, Peguis, Roseau River Anishinabe, Sandy Bay and Swan Lake communities.[33] On 8 November 1873, Winnipeg was incorporated as a city, with the Selkirk settlement as its nucleus.[34] Métis legislator and interpreter James McKay named the city.[35] Winnipeg's mandate was to govern and provide municipal services to citizens attracted to trade expansion between Upper Fort Garry / Lower Fort Garry and Saint Paul, Minnesota.[36]
Winnipeg developed rapidly after the coming of the Canadian Pacific Railway in 1881.[37] The railway divided the North End, which housed mainly Eastern Europeans, from the richer Anglo-Saxon southern part of the city.[15] It also contributed to a demographic shift beginning shortly after Confederation that saw the francophone population decrease from a majority to a small minority group. This shift resulted in Premier Thomas Greenway controversially ending legislative bilingualism and removing funding for French Catholic Schools in 1890.[38]
Modern history (1900–present)
By 1911, Winnipeg was Canada's third-largest city.[15] However, the city faced financial difficulty when the Panama Canal opened in 1914.[39] The canal reduced reliance on Canada's rail system for international trade; the increase in shipping traffic helped Vancouver to surpass Winnipeg in both prosperity and population by the end of World War I.[40]
More than 30,000 workers walked off their jobs in May 1919 in what came to be known as the Winnipeg general strike.[41] The strike was a product of postwar recession, labour conditions, the activity of union organizers and a large influx of returning World War I soldiers seeking work.[42] After many arrests, deportations, and incidents of violence, the strike ended on 21 June 1919 when the Riot Act was read and a group of Royal Canadian Mounted Police officers charged a group of strikers.[43] Two strikers were killed and at least thirty others were injured on the day that became known as Bloody Saturday; the event polarized the population.[43] One of the leaders of the strike, J. S. Woodsworth, went on to found Canada's first major socialist party, the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation, which later became the New Democratic Party.[44]
The Manitoba Legislative Building, constructed mainly of Tyndall stone, opened in 1920; its dome supports a bronze statue finished in gold leaf, titled "Eternal Youth and the Spirit of Enterprise" (commonly known as the "Golden Boy").[45] The stock market crash of 1929 and the Great Depression resulted in widespread unemployment, worsened by drought and low agricultural prices.[46] The Depression ended after the start of World War II in 1939.[15]
In the Battle of Hong Kong, The Winnipeg Grenadiers were among the first Canadians to engage in combat against Japan. Battalion members who survived combat were taken prisoner and endured brutal treatment in prisoner of war camps.[47] In 1942, the Victory Loan Campaign staged a mock Nazi invasion of Winnipeg to promote awareness of the stakes of the war in Europe.[48][49] When the war ended, pent-up demand generated a boom in housing development, although building activity was checked by the 1950 Red River flood.[50] The federal government estimated damage at over $26 million, although the province indicated that it was at least double that.[51]
Before 1972, Winnipeg was the largest of thirteen cities and towns in a metropolitan area around the Red and Assiniboine Rivers. In 1960 the Metropolitan Corporation of Greater Winnipeg was established to co-ordinate service delivery in the metropolitan region.[36] A consolidated metropolitan "unicity" government incorporating Winnipeg and its surrounding municipalities was established on 27 July 1971, taking effect in 1972.[52] The City of Winnipeg Act incorporated the current city.[15] In 2003 the City of Winnipeg Act was repealed and replaced with the City of Winnipeg Charter.[36]
Winnipeg experienced a severe economic downturn in advance of the early 1980s recession, during which the city incurred closures of prominent businesses, including the Winnipeg Tribune, as well as the Swift's and Canada Packers meat packing plants.[53] In 1981, Winnipeg was one of the first cities in Canada to sign a tripartite agreement with the provincial and federal governments to redevelop its downtown area,[54] and the three levels of government contributed over $271 million to its development.[55] In 1989, the reclamation and redevelopment of the CNR rail yards turned The Forks into Winnipeg's most popular tourist attraction.[13][15] The city was threatened by the 1997 Red River flood as well as further floods in 2009 and 2011,[56] in each of these floods, the Red River Floodway was used to safely protect the city.
Main article: Geography and climate of Winnipeg
Winnipeg lies at the bottom of the Red River Valley, a flood plain with an extremely flat topography.[57] It is on the eastern edge of the Canadian Prairies in Western Canada and is known as the "Gateway to the West".[15] Winnipeg is bordered by tallgrass prairie to the west and south and the aspen parkland to the northeast, although most of the native prairie grasses have been removed for agriculture and urbanization.[58] It is relatively close to many large Canadian Shield lakes and parks, as well as Lake Winnipeg (the Earth's 11th largest freshwater lake).[59] Winnipeg has North America's largest extant mature urban elm forest.[60] The city has an area of 464.08 km2 (179.18 sq mi).[5]
Winnipeg has four major rivers: the Red, Assiniboine, La Salle and Seine.[61] The city was subject to severe flooding in the past. The Red River reached its greatest flood height in 1826. Another large flood in 1950 caused millions of dollars in damage and mass evacuations.[62] This flood prompted Duff Roblin's provincial government to build the Red River Floodway to protect the city; the project began in 1962 and was completed in 1968.[15] In the 1997 flood, flood control dikes were reinforced and raised using sandbags; Winnipeg suffered limited damage compared to the flood's impact on cities without such structures, such as Grand Forks, North Dakota.[63] The generally flat terrain and the poor drainage of the Red River Valley's clay-based soil also results in many mosquitoes during wetter years.[64]
Winnipeg's location in the Canadian Prairies gives it a warm-summer humid continental climate[65] (Köppen Dfb),[66] with warm, humid summers, and long, very cold winters. Summers have a July mean average of 19.7 °C (67.5 °F).[67] Winters are the coldest and driest time of year, with the January mean average around −16.4 °C (2.5 °F) and total winter precipitation averaging 55 mm (2.2 in).[68] Temperatures occasionally drop below −40.0 °C (−40 °F).[69] The actual air temperature drops below −30 °C (−22 °F) on average 12.6 days annually[7] and rises above 30 °C (86 °F) 13.3 days of the year.[70] On average there are 317.8 days per year with measurable sunshine, with July seeing the most on average.[71] With 2353 hours of sunshine per year, Winnipeg is the second sunniest city in Canada.[72] Total annual precipitation (both rain and snow) is just over 51 centimetres (20 in).[73] Thunderstorms are very common during summer, and sometimes severe enough to produce tornadoes.[74] Low wind chill values are a common occurrence in the local climate. The wind chill has gone down as low as −57 °C (−70.6 °F) and on average there are twelve days of the year that can reach a wind chill below −40 °C (−40 °F).[7]
The highest temperature ever recorded in Winnipeg was 42.2 °C (108 °F) on 11 July 1936 while the highest daily low temperature was 28.3 °C (82.9 °F) on 12 July 1936.[75] The apparent heat can be even more extreme due to bursts of humidity, and on 25 July 2007 a humidex reading of 47.3 °C (117.1 °F) was measured.[7]
The frost-free season is comparatively long for a location with such severe winters. The last spring frost is on average around 23 May, whilst the first fall frost is on 22 September.[7]
Climate data for Winnipeg (Winnipeg Richardson International Airport), elevation: 239 m or 784 ft, 1981–2010 normals, extremes 1872–present[lower-alpha 1]
Record high humidex
6.3 11.1 28.0 34.1 40.2 46.1 47.3 45.5 45.9 34.3 23.9 9.3 47.3
−11.3
(11.7) −8.1
(2.5) −13.2
(8.2) −5.8
(23.2) −13.2
(−6.5) −18.3
(−47.9) −45.0
(−54.0)
Record low wind chill
−56.4 −57.1 −49.6 −35.8 −20.8 −7.9 0.0 0.0 −11.5 −24.2 −48.1 −50.6 −57.1
Average rainfall mm (inches)
(0.01) 2.7
Average snowfall cm (inches)
(9.1) 113.7
12.2 8.0 9.2 7.2 11.5 13.3 11.4 10.7 10.4 9.4 10.3 11.8 125.3
Average rainy days (≥ 0.2 mm)
0.67 0.93 2.9 5.1 11.3 13.3 11.4 10.7 10.3 7.9 3.0 0.84 78.3
Average snowy days (≥ 0.2 cm)
12.4 7.7 7.4 2.9 0.56 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.11 2.3 8.6 11.5 53.5
114.7 133.9 181.9 241.4 285.2 276.3 308.3 281.4 189.0 147.4 93.9 99.5 2,352.9
Mean daily sunshine hours
Percent possible sunshine
Average ultraviolet index
Source: Environment Canada[76][77][78] and Weather Atlas (daily sunshine hours and UV index)[79]
Climate data for Winnipeg (Winnipeg Richardson International Airport), elevation: 239 m or 784 ft, 1938–1990 normals and extremes
(−2.9) −3.4
12 8 9 8 10 12 11 11 11 9 9 11 121
trace trace 2 5 9 12 11 11 11 7 2 trace 70
13 9 7 4 trace trace 0.0 0.0 trace 2 9 12 56
3.9 5.0 5.7 7.7 8.9 9.7 10.4 9.2 6.3 4.8 3.2 3.2 6.5
Source: NOAA[80]
See also: List of Winnipeg neighbourhoods, List of tallest buildings in Winnipeg, and Subdivisions of Winnipeg
There are officially 236 neighbourhoods in Winnipeg.[81] Downtown Winnipeg, the city's financial heart and economic core, is centred on the intersection of Portage Avenue and Main Street. It covers about 1 square mile (2.6 km2) and is the city's fastest growing high-income neighbourhood.[82] More than 72,000 people work downtown, and over 40,000 students attend classes at its universities and colleges.[82] The past few decades have seen the downtown undergo major revitalization efforts; since 1999, over C$1.2 billion has been invested.[82]
Downtown Winnipeg's Exchange District is named after the area's original grain exchange, which operated from 1880 to 1913.[82] The 30-block district received National Historic Site of Canada status in 1997; it includes North America's most extensive collection of early 20th-century terracotta and cut stone architecture, 62 of downtown Winnipeg's 86 heritage structures,[82] Stephen Juba Park, and Old Market Square.[82] Other major downtown areas are The Forks, Central Park, Broadway-Assiniboine and Chinatown. Many of Downtown Winnipeg's major buildings are linked with the Winnipeg Walkway.[83]
Residential neighbourhoods surround the downtown in all directions; expansion is greatest to the south and west, although several areas remain underdeveloped.[84] The city's largest park, Assiniboine Park, houses the Assiniboine Park Zoo and the Leo Mol Sculpture Garden.[85] Other large city parks include Kildonan Park and St. Vital Park. The city's major commercial areas are Polo Park, Kildonan Crossing, South St. Vital, Garden City (West Kildonan), Pembina Strip, Kenaston Smart Centre, Osborne Village, and the Corydon strip.[86] The main cultural and nightlife areas are the Exchange District, The Forks, Osborne Village and Corydon Village (both in Fort Rouge), Sargent and Ellice Avenues (West End) and Old St. Boniface.[87] Osborne Village is Winnipeg's most densely populated neighbourhood[88] and one of the most densely populated neighbourhoods in Western Canada.[89]
Main article: Demographics of Winnipeg
Population growth since 1871
7,995 +3217.4%
26,529 +231.8%
42,540 +60.4%
179,097 +31.7%
221,969 +1.5%
246,246 −7.2%
The drastic population increase between 1971 and 1981 was due in part to Winnipeg's amalgamation in 1972.
Source: [90][91][92][93][94][95][96][97]
As of the Canada 2016 Census there were 705,244 people living in Winnipeg proper,[98] with approximately 778,489 living in the Winnipeg Census Metropolitan Area (CMA).[99] Thus, Winnipeg is Manitoba's largest city and Canada's seventh largest city. Furthermore, the city represents 54.9% of the population of the province of Manitoba, the highest population concentration in one city of any province in Canada.[100][101] Apart from the city of Winnipeg, the Winnipeg CMA includes the rural municipalities of Springfield, St. Clements, Taché, East St. Paul, Macdonald, Ritchot, West St. Paul, Headingley, the Brokenhead 4 reserve, Rosser and St. François Xavier.[102] Statistics Canada's estimate of the Winnipeg CMA population as of 1 July 2017 is 825,713, making it the 7th largest CMA in Canada.[103]
Ethnic origins, 2011[104]
Population %
English 137,075 21.1
Scottish 113,465 17.4
Canadian 108,955 16.76
German 105,910 16.2
Ukrainian 98,860 15.2
Irish 85,800 13.2
French 85,025 13.1
Aboriginal (incl. Métis) 76,055 11.7
Filipino 58,255 9.0
Polish 50,385 7.8
As of the 2006 census, 48.3 percent of residents were male and 51.7 percent were female. 24.3 percent were 19 years old or younger, 27.4 percent were between 20 and 30 years old, and 34.0 percent were between 40 and 64 years old. The average age of a Winnipegger in May 2006 was 38.7, compared to an average of 39.5 for Canada as a whole.[105] Between the censuses of 2006 and 2011, Winnipeg's population increased by 4.8 percent, compared to 5.2 percent for Manitoba as a whole. The population density of the city of Winnipeg averaged 1,430 people per km2, compared with 2.2 for Manitoba.[106]
Winnipeg has a significant and increasing Aboriginal population, with both the highest percentage of Aboriginal peoples (12.5%) for any major Canadian city, and the highest total number of Aboriginals (86,035) for any single non-reserve municipality.[107] The Aboriginal population grew by 22% between 2001 and 2006, compared to an increase of 3% for the city as a whole; this population tends to be younger and less wealthy than non-Aboriginal residents.[108] Winnipeg also has the highest Métis population in both percentage (6.3%) and numbers (41,005); the growth rate for this population between 2001 and 2006 was 30%.[104][108]
The city has the greatest percentage of Filipino residents (8.7%) of any major Canadian city, although Toronto has more Filipinos by total population. In 2006, Winnipeg ranked seventh of the Canadian cities for percentage of residents of a visible minority.[104][109] As of the 2016 Census, the population was 63.9% European in origin (73.5% of the city was white in 2006), while non-aboriginal visible minorities represent 23.5% (up from 16.3% in 2006).[104][105] The city receives over 10,000 net international immigrants per year.[110]
More than a hundred languages are spoken in Winnipeg, of which the most common is English: 99 percent of Winnipeggers are fluent English speakers, 88 percent speak only English, and 0.1 percent speak only French (Canada's other official language). 10 percent speak both English and French, while 1.3 percent speak neither. Other languages spoken as a mother tongue in Winnipeg include Tagalog (5.0%), German (2.5%), and Punjabi and Ukrainian (both 1.4%). Several Aboriginal languages are also spoken, such as Ojibwe (0.3%) and Cree (0.2%).[106]
The 2011 National Household Survey reported the religious make-up of Winnipeg as: 63.7% Christian, including 29.7% Catholic, 8.1% United Church, and 4.6% Anglican; 1.7% Muslim; 1.6% Jewish; 1.5% Sikh; 1.0% Hindu; 1.0% Buddhist; 0.3% traditional (aboriginal) spirituality; 0.4% other; and 28.9% no religious affiliation.[104]
Ethnic groups in Winnipeg City (2016)
Ethnic group European 441,555 64%
Aboriginal 86,035 12.5%
Filipino 73,365 10.6%
South Asian 37,570 5.4%
Black 26,890 3.9%
Chinese 19,660 2.8%
Southeast Asian 7,880 1.1%
Latin American 6,715 1%
Arab 4,565 0.7%
Korean 3,780 0.5%
West Asian 2,450 0.4%
Japanese 1,550 0.2%
Multiple minorities 5,875 0.9%
Visible minority, n.i.e. 2,760 0.4%
Total population 690,005 100%
See also: List of corporations based in Winnipeg
Winnipeg is an economic base and regional centre. It has one of the country's most diversified economies,[111] with major employment in the trade (15.2%), manufacturing (9.8%), educational (7.7%), and health care and social assistance (15.2%) sectors.[111] There were approximately 21,000 employers in the city as of 2012.[111]
In 2013, The CIBC Metropolitan Economic Activity Index rated Winnipeg's economy as fourth in a national survey of 25 city economies, behind Toronto, Calgary, and Regina.[112] According to the Conference Board of Canada, Winnipeg was projected to experience a real GDP growth of 2 percent in 2014.[113] Unlike most of Canada, the city experienced a decrease in unemployment in 2013, ending the year at a rate of 5.8 percent.[114] As of 2010, median household income in the city was $72,050.[111]
As of January 2014, approximately 416,700 people are employed in Winnipeg and the surrounding area.[115] Some of Winnipeg's largest employers are government and government-funded institutions, including the Province of Manitoba, the City of Winnipeg, the University of Manitoba, the Health Sciences Centre, and Manitoba Hydro.[116] Approximately 54,000 people (14% of the work force) are employed in the public sector as of 2008.[117] Large private sector employers include Shaw Communications, Manitoba Telecom Services, Ipsos-Reid, Palliser Furniture, Great-West Life Assurance, Motor Coach Industries, New Flyer Industries, Boeing Canada Technology, StandardAero, Magellan Aerospace, Nygård International, Canad Inns, Canada Goose clothing and Investors Group.[118]
The Royal Canadian Mint, established in 1976, produces all circulating coinage in Canada.[119] The plant, in southeastern Winnipeg, also produces coins for many other countries.[120]
In 2012, Winnipeg was ranked by KPMG as the least expensive location to do business in western Canada.[121] Like many prairie cities, Winnipeg has a relatively low cost of living.[122] According to the Canadian Real Estate Association, the average house price in Winnipeg was $260,000 as of 2013.[123] As of May 2014, the Consumer Price Index was 125.8 relative to 2002 prices, reflecting consumer costs at the Canadian average.[124][125]
Main article: Winnipeg arts and culture
See also: List of people from Winnipeg, Category:Museums in Winnipeg, Category:Theatre companies in Manitoba, List of TV and films shot in Winnipeg, and List of Winnipeg musicians
Winnipeg was named the Cultural Capital of Canada in 2010 by Canadian Heritage.[126] As of 2012, there are 26 National Historic Sites of Canada in Winnipeg.[127] One of these, The Forks, attracts four million visitors a year.[128] It is home to the City television studio, Manitoba Theatre for Young People, the Winnipeg International Children's Festival, and the Manitoba Children's Museum. It also features a 30,000-square-foot (2,800 m2) skate plaza, a 8,500-square-foot (790 m2) bowl complex, which features a mural of Winnipeg skateboarding pioneer Jai Pereira, the Esplanade Riel bridge,[129] a river walkway, Shaw Park, and the Canadian Museum for Human Rights.[128] The Winnipeg Public Library is a public library network with 20 branches throughout the city, including the main Millennium Library.[130]
Winnipeg the Bear, which would become the inspiration for part of the name of Winnie-the-Pooh, was purchased in Ontario by Lieutenant Harry Colebourn of the Fort Garry Horse. He named the bear after the regiment's home town of Winnipeg.[131] A. A. Milne later wrote a series of books featuring the fictional Winnie-the-Pooh. The series' illustrator, Ernest H. Shepard, created the only known oil painting of Winnipeg's adopted fictional bear, displayed in Assiniboine Park.[132]
The city has developed many distinct dishes and cooking styles, notably in the areas of confectionery and hot-smoked fish. Both the First Nations and more recent Eastern Canadian, European, and Asian immigrants have helped shape Winnipeg's dining scene, giving birth to dishes such as the desserts schmoo torte and wafer pie.[133][134]
The Winnipeg Art Gallery is Western Canada's oldest public art gallery, founded in 1912. It is the sixth-largest in the country[135] and includes the world's largest public collection of contemporary Inuit art.[15][136] Since the late 1970s Winnipeg has also had an active artist run centre culture.[137]
Winnipeg's three largest performing arts venues, the Centennial Concert Hall, Royal Manitoba Theatre Centre and the Pantages Playhouse Theatre, are downtown. The Royal Manitoba is Canada's oldest English-language regional theatre, with over 250 performances yearly.[138] The Pantages Playhouse Theatre opened as a vaudeville house in 1913.[139] Other city theatres include the Burton Cummings Theatre (a National Historic Site of Canada built in 1906[140]) and Prairie Theatre Exchange. Le Cercle Molière, based in St Boniface, is Canada's oldest theatre company; it was founded in 1925.[141] Rainbow Stage is a musical theatre production company based in Kildonan Park that produces professional, live Broadway musical shows and is Canada's longest-surviving outdoor theatre.[15][142] The Manitoba Theatre for Young People at The Forks is one of only two Theatres for Young Audiences in Canada with a permanent residence and the only Theatre for Young Audiences that offers a full season of plays for teenagers.[143] The Winnipeg Jewish Theatre is the only professional theatre in Canada dedicated to Jewish themes.[144] Shakespeare in the Ruins (SIR) presents adaptations of Shakespeare plays.[145]
Winnipeg has hosted a number of Hollywood productions: Shall We Dance? (2004), Capote (2005), The Assassination of Jesse James by the Coward Robert Ford (2007), and Goon (2011) among others had parts filmed in the city.[146] The Winnipeg Film Group has produced numerous award-winning films.[147] There are several TV and film production companies in Winnipeg: the most prominent are Farpoint Films, Frantic Films, Buffalo Gal Pictures, and Les Productions Rivard.[148] Guy Maddin's My Winnipeg, an independent film released in 2008, is a comedic rumination on the city's history.[149]
The Winnipeg Symphony Orchestra is the largest and oldest professional musical ensemble in Winnipeg.[150] The Manitoba Chamber Orchestra runs a series of chamber orchestral concerts each year.[151] Manitoba Opera is Manitoba's only full-time professional opera company.[152] Among the most notable musical acts associated with Winnipeg are Comeback Kid, Bachman–Turner Overdrive,[153] the Crash Test Dummies,[154] The Guess Who,[155] Neil Young,[156] The Wailin' Jennys, and The Weakerthans.[153]
The Royal Winnipeg Ballet (RWB) is Canada's oldest ballet company and the longest continuously operating ballet company in North America. It was the first organization to be granted a royal title by Queen Elizabeth II, and has included notable dancers such as Evelyn Hart and Mikhail Baryshnikov. The RWB also runs a full-time classical dance school.[157]
The Manitoba Museum, the city's largest museum, depicts the history of the city and province. The full-size replica of the ship Nonsuch is the museum's showcase piece.[158] The Manitoba Children's Museum is a nonprofit children's museum at The Forks that features twelve permanent galleries.[159][160] The Canadian Museum for Human Rights is the only Canadian national museum for human rights and the only national museum west of Ottawa.[161] The federal government contributed $100 million towards the estimated $311-million project.[162] Construction of the museum began on 1 April 2008,[163] and the museum opened to the public 27 September 2014.[164]
The Western Canada Aviation Museum, in a hangar at Winnipeg's James Richardson International Airport, features military jets, commercial aircraft, Canada's first helicopter, the "flying saucer" Avrocar, flight simulators, and a Black Brant rocket built in Manitoba by Bristol Aerospace.[165] The Winnipeg Railway Museum at Via Rail Station has a variety of locomotives, notably the Countess of Dufferin, the first steam locomotive in Western Canada.[166]
Festival du Voyageur, Western Canada's largest winter festival, celebrates the early French explorers of the Red River Valley.[167] Folklorama is the largest and longest-running cultural celebration festival in the world.[168] The Jazz Winnipeg Festival and the Winnipeg Folk Festival both celebrate Winnipeg's music community. The Winnipeg Music Festival offers a competition venue to amateur musicians. The Winnipeg Fringe Theatre Festival is the second-largest alternative theatre festival in North America.[169] The Winnipeg International Writers Festival (also called THIN AIR) brings writers to Winnipeg for workshops and readings.[170] The LGBT community in the city is served by Pride Winnipeg, an annual gay pride festival and parade, and Reel Pride, a film festival of LGBT-themed films.[171]
Main article: Sport in Winnipeg
Winnipeg has been home to several professional hockey teams. The Winnipeg Jets of the National Hockey League (NHL) have called the city home since 2011.[172] The original Winnipeg Jets, the city's former NHL team, left for Phoenix, Arizona after the 1995–96 season due to mounting financial troubles, despite a campaign effort to "Save the Jets".[173] The Jets play at Bell MTS Place, which is ranked the world's 19th-busiest arena among non-sporting touring events, 13th-busiest among facilities in North America, and 3rd-busiest in Canada as of 2009.[174]
Past hockey teams based in Winnipeg include the Winnipeg Maroons, Winnipeg Warriors, three time Stanley Cup Champion Winnipeg Victorias and the Winnipeg Falcons, who were the first ever Gold Medal Olympians, representing Canada in 1920 in Antwerp, Belgium. Another professional ice hockey team in Winnipeg is the Manitoba Moose, the American Hockey League primary affiliate of the Winnipeg Jets that are owned by the same group .[175][176] In amateur hockey, the Winnipeg Blues of the Manitoba Junior Hockey League play out of the Bell MTS Iceplex.[177] On the international stage, Winnipeg has hosted national and world hockey championships on a number of occasions, most notably the 1999 World Junior Hockey Championship and 2007 Women's World Hockey Championship.[178][179] In 2019, the Western Hockey League returned to Winnipeg after a long absence with the Kootenay Ice relocating as the Winnipeg Ice.
The Winnipeg Blue Bombers play in the Canadian Football League. They are eleven-time Grey Cup champions, their last championship in 2019. [180] From 1953 to 2012, the Blue Bombers called Canad Inns Stadium home; they have since moved to IG Field. Due to construction delays and cost overruns, the stadium was not ready for the 2012 CFL season, instead opening in 2013. The $200-million facility is also the home to U Sports' University of Manitoba Bisons and the Winnipeg Rifles of the Canadian Junior Football League.[181][182]
The University of Manitoba Bisons and the University of Winnipeg Wesmen represent the city in university-level sports.[183] In soccer, it is represented by both Valour FC in the new Canadian Premier League[184] and WSA Winnipeg in the USL League Two.[185]
Winnipeg has been home to several professional baseball teams, most recently the Winnipeg Goldeyes since 1994. The Goldeyes play at Shaw Park, which was completed in 1999. The team had led the Northern League for ten straight years in average attendance through 2010, with more than 300,000 annual fan visits, until the league collapsed and merged into the American Association of Independent Professional Baseball.[186]
Winnipeg was the first Canadian city to host the Pan American Games, and the second city to host the event twice, in 1967 and again in 1999.[187] The Pan Am Pool, built for the 1967 Pan Am Games, hosts aquatic events, including diving, speed swimming, synchronized swimming and water polo.[188] Winnipeg co-hosted the 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup.[189] The city has been selected to host the 2017 Canada Summer Games.[190] Winnipeg will host the World Police and Fire Games in 2023.
Winnipeg Blue Bombers Football CFL IG Field 1930 11
Winnipeg Jets Ice hockey WHA, NHL Winnipeg Arena (1972–1996)
Bell MTS Place (2011–present) Original: 1972–1996
Current: 2011 3 (WHA Avco Cup)
Valour FC Soccer CPL IG Field 2018 0
Winnipeg Goldeyes Baseball Northern League (1994–2010)
American Association (2011–present) Shaw Park 1994 4
Manitoba Moose Ice hockey IHL, AHL Winnipeg Arena (1996–2004)
Bell MTS Place (2004–2011, 2015–present) 1996–2011, 2015–present 0
Winnipeg Ice Major-junior ice hockey WHL Wayne Fleming Arena 2019 0
Main article: Media in Winnipeg
Winnipeg has two daily newspapers: the Winnipeg Free Press and the Winnipeg Sun.[191] There are five weekly newspapers delivered free to most Winnipeg households by region. There are also several ethnic weekly newspapers.[192] Local magazines include Border Crossings.
Television broadcasting in Winnipeg started in 1954. The federal government refused to license any private broadcaster until the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation had created a national network. In May 1954, CBWT went on the air with four hours of broadcasting per day.[193] There are now five English-language stations and one French-language station based in Winnipeg. Additionally, some American network affiliates are available over-the-air.[194] Winnipeg is home to 33 am and FM radio stations, two of which are French-language stations.[195] CBC Radio One and CBC Radio 2 broadcast local and national programming in the city.[196] NCI is devoted to Aboriginal programming.[197]
Main article: Law, government, and crime in Winnipeg
Since 1992, the city of Winnipeg has been represented by 15 city councillors and a mayor, both elected every four years.[198] The present mayor, Brian Bowman, was elected to office in 2014.[15] The city is a single-tier municipality, governed by a mayor-council system.[15] The structure of the municipal government is set by the provincial legislature in the City of Winnipeg Charter Act, which replaced the old City of Winnipeg Act in 2003.[199] The mayor is elected by direct popular vote to serve as the chief executive of the city.[200] At Council meetings, the mayor has one of 16 votes. The City Council is a unicameral legislative body, representing geographical wards throughout the city.[199]
In provincial politics, Winnipeg is represented by 31 of the 57 provincial Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs). As of 2016, Winnipeg districts are represented by 17 members of the Progressive Conservative Party, 10 by the New Democratic Party (NDP), and 2 by the Liberal Party.[201]
In federal politics, as of 2015 Winnipeg is represented by eight Members of Parliament: seven Liberals and one New Democrat.[202] There are six Senators representing Manitoba in Ottawa: three Liberals, two Conservatives, and one Independent.[203]
From 2007 to 2011, Winnipeg was the "murder capital" of Canada, with the highest per-capita rate of homicides; it fell to second place in 2012, behind Thunder Bay.[204][205] Winnipeg has had the highest violent crime index since 2009. The robbery rate in 2012 was between 250.1 and 272.9.[206][207] Despite high overall violent crime rates, crime in Winnipeg is mostly concentrated in the inner city, which makes up only 19% of the population[208] but was the site of 86.4% of the city's shootings, 66.5% of the robberies, 63.3% of the homicides and 59.5% of the sexual assaults in 2012.[206]
From the early 1990s to the mid-2000s, Winnipeg had a significant auto-theft problem, with the rate peaking at 2,165.0 per 100,000 residents in 2006[209] compared to 487 auto-thefts per 100,000 residents for Canada as a whole.[210] To combat auto theft, Manitoba Public Insurance established financial incentives for motor vehicle owners to install ignition immobilizers in their vehicles, and now requires owners of high-risk vehicles to install immobilizers.[211] The auto-theft rate has been on a constant drop since 2006. Other types of property crime have also decreased, but rates are still fairly high.[207][212]
Winnipeg is protected by the Winnipeg Police Service, which in 2012 had 1,442 police officers.[212] In November 2013, the national police union reviewed the Winnipeg Police Force and found high average response times for several categories of calls.[213][214]
See also: List of schools of Winnipeg
Winnipeg has seven school divisions: Winnipeg School Division, St. James-Assiniboia School Division, Pembina Trails School Division, Seven Oaks School Division, Division Scolaire Franco-Manitobaine, River East Transcona School Division, and Louis Riel School Division.[215] Winnipeg also has several religious and secular private schools.[216][217]
The University of Manitoba is the largest university in Manitoba.[218] It was founded in 1877, making it Western Canada's first university.[218] In a typical year, the university has 24,500 undergraduate students and 4,000 graduate students.[219] Université de Saint-Boniface is the city's only French-language university.[220] The University of Winnipeg received its charter in 1967.[221] Until 2007, it was an undergraduate institution that offered some joint graduate studies programs; it now offers independent graduate programs.[221] The Canadian Mennonite University is a private Mennonite undergraduate university established in 1999.[222]
Winnipeg also has two independent colleges: Red River College and Booth University College. Red River College offers diploma, certificate, and apprenticeship programs and, starting in 2009, began offering some degree programs.[223] Booth University College is a private Christian Salvation Army university college established in 1982. It offers mostly arts and seminary training.[224][225]
Main article: Transport in Winnipeg
Winnipeg has had public transit since 1882, starting with horse-drawn streetcars.[226] They were replaced by electric trolley cars. The trolley cars ran from 1892 to 1955, supplemented by motor buses after 1918, and electric trolleybuses from 1938 to 1970.[226] Winnipeg Transit now runs diesel buses on its routes.[227]
Winnipeg is a railway hub and is served by Via Rail at Union Station for passenger rail, and Canadian National Railway, Canadian Pacific Railway, Burlington Northern Santa Fe Manitoba, and the Central Manitoba Railway for freight rail. It is the only major city between Vancouver and Thunder Bay with direct US connections by rail.[228]
Winnipeg is the largest and best connected city within Manitoba, and has highways leading in all directions from the city. To the south, Winnipeg is connected to the United States via Provincial Trunk Highway 75 (PTH 75) (a continuation of I-29 and US 75, known as Pembina Highway or Route 42 within Winnipeg). The highway runs 107 km (66 mi) to Emerson, Manitoba, and is the busiest Canada–United States border crossing on the Prairies.[229] The four-lane Perimeter Highway, built in 1969, serves as a Ring Road, with at-grade intersections and a few interchanges. It allows travellers on the Trans-Canada Highway to bypass the city. A recent study cited dangerous intersections and low efficiency as its primary shortfalls.[230] The Trans-Canada Highway runs east to west through the city (city route), or circles around the city on the Perimeter Highway (beltway). Some of the city's major arterial roads include Route 80 (Waverley St.), Route 155 (McGillivray Blvd), Route 165 (Bishop Grandin Blvd.), Route 17 (Chief Peguis Trail), and Route 90 (Brookside Blvd., Oak Point Hwy., King Edward St., Century St., Kenaston Blvd.).[231]
The Winnipeg James Armstrong Richardson International Airport completed a $585-million redevelopment in October 2011. The development brought a new terminal, a four-level parking facility, and other infrastructure improvements.[232] Winnipeg Bus Terminal, at Winnipeg International Airport, offers domestic and international service by Greyhound Canada, Grey Goose Bus Lines, Winnipeg Shuttle Service and Brandon Air Shuttle.[233] Approximately 20,000 acres (81 km2) of land to the north and west of the airport has been designated as an inland port, CentrePort Canada, and is Canada's first Foreign Trade Zone. It is a private sector initiative to develop the infrastructure for Manitoba's trucking, air, rail and sea industries.[234] In 2009, construction began on a $212-million four-lane freeway to connect CentrePort with the Perimeter Highway.[235] Named CentrePort Canada Way, it opened in November 2013.[236]
Several taxi companies serve Winnipeg, the largest being Unicity, Duffy's Taxi and Spring Taxi. Fifty percent of Winnipeg residents use a taxi at least once during the year.[237] Ride sharing was legalized in March 2018 and several services including TappCar and Cowboy Taxi operate in Winnipeg.[238] Cycling is popular in Winnipeg, and there are many bicycle trails and lanes around the city. Winnipeg holds an annual Bike-to-Work Day[239] and Cyclovia,[240] and bicycle commuters may be seen year-round, even in the winter. Active living infrastructure in Winnipeg encourages bicycling through the inclusion of bike lanes[241] and sharrows.[242]
Medical centres and hospitals
See also: List of hospitals in Manitoba
Winnipeg's major hospitals include Health Sciences Centre, Concordia Hospital, Deer Lodge Centre, Grace Hospital, Misericordia Health Centre, Riverview Health Centre, Saint Boniface General Hospital, Seven Oaks General Hospital, Victoria General Hospital, and The Children's Hospital of Winnipeg.[243]
The National Microbiology Laboratory in Winnipeg is one of only a handful of biosafety level 4 microbiology laboratories in the world.[244] The NML houses laboratories of the Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC) and the Canadian Food Inspection Agency, in the National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease collocated in the same facility. Research facilities are also operated through hospitals and private biotechnology companies in the city.[245][246]
Water and sewage services are provided by the city.[247] The city draws its water via an aqueduct from Shoal Lake, treating and fluoridating it at the Deacon Reservoir just outside the city prior to pumping it into the Winnipeg system.[248] The city's system has over 2,500 kilometres (1,600 mi) of underground water mains, which are subject to breakage during extreme weather conditions.[249]
Electricity and natural gas are provided by Manitoba Hydro, a provincial crown corporation headquartered in the city; it uses primarily hydroelectric power.[250] The primary telecommunications carrier is MTS,[251] although other corporations offer telephone, cellular, television and internet services.
Winnipeg contracts out several services to private companies, including garbage and recycling collection and street plowing and snow removal. This practice represents a significant budget expenditure and is more expansive than in comparable communities. The services have faced numerous complaints from residents in 2013–14 about missed service.[252][253][254]
See also: CFB Winnipeg
Canadian Forces Base Winnipeg, co-located at the airport, is home to many flight operations support divisions and several training schools. It is also the headquarters of 1 Canadian Air Division and the Canadian North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD) Region,[255] as well as the home base of 17 Wing of the Canadian Forces. The Wing comprises three squadrons and six schools; it also provides support to the Central Flying School.[256] Excluding the three levels of government, 17 Wing is the fourth largest employer in the city.[257] The Wing supports 113 units, stretching from Thunder Bay to the Saskatchewan–Alberta border, and from the 49th parallel to the high Arctic.[256] 17 Wing also acts as a deployed operating base for CF-18 Hornet fighter-bombers assigned to the Canadian NORAD Region.[256]
There are two squadrons based in the city. The 402 "City of Winnipeg" Squadron flies the Canadian-designed and produced de Havilland CT-142 Dash 8 navigation trainer.[258] The 435 "Chinthe" Transport and Rescue Squadron flies the Lockheed CC-130 Hercules in airlift search and rescue roles.[259] In addition, 435 Squadron is the only Royal Canadian Air Force squadron equipped and trained to conduct tactical air-to-air refueling of fighter aircraft.[259]
For many years, Winnipeg was the home of the Second Battalion of Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry. Initially, the battalion was based at the Fort Osborne Barracks, now the location of the Rady Jewish Community Centre.[260] They eventually moved to the Kapyong Barracks between River Heights and Tuxedo. Since 2004, the battalion has operated out of CFB Shilo near Brandon.[261]
Main article: List of people from Winnipeg
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Winnipeg soccer executive hopes new club will score with local youth – Winnipeg | Globalnews.ca
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Winnipeg.ca – Official city website
Notable Winnipegers
Exchange District
Red River Colony
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Winnipeg general strike
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Canadian Wheat Board
Corporations based in Winnipeg
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AB Edmonton
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ON Toronto
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Territories:
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Subdivisions of Manitoba
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Portal:Canada
Pan American Games host cities
1951: Buenos Aires
1955: Mexico City
1959: Chicago
1963: São Paulo
1967: Winnipeg
1971: Cali
1979: San Juan
1983: Caracas
1987: Indianapolis
1991: Havana
1995: Mar del Plata
2003: Santo Domingo
2007: Rio de Janeiro
2011: Guadalajara
2015: Toronto
2019: Lima
2023: Santiago
1990: Las Leñas
Census metropolitan areas (CMAs) in Canada by size
Ottawa-Gatineau, ON/QC
Kitchener-Cambridge-Waterloo, ON
St. Catharines-Niagara, ON
Greater Sudbury, ON
Saguenay, QC
Brantford, ON
Saint John, NB
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Division No. 11, Manitoba (Winnipeg)
See also: Municipalities in Manitoba
Census divisions of Manitoba
2015 municipal amalgamations
MusicBrainz: 35307acf-aba0-4ca7-9df6-b9398d873a8f
NKC: xx0081490


Vickie Beckwith not only brings over 20 years of practical school nurse experience to her seminars, but also a passion and enthusiasm for the valuable and critical role school nurses play in schools. She has implemented numerous, innovative programs to improve student outcomes and has served as a mentor for new school nurses for over a decade, including being a preceptor for BSN students completing their public health rotation in the school setting.
She has presented for NASN and is the author of Keys to Enhancing Your Effectiveness as a SCHOOL NURSE (Grades K-12), the extensive resource handbook you will receive at the seminar. Using her own practice with the work of school nursing's best resources, Vickie provides tips, tools and strategies for managing the complex school health office duties. You will leave her seminar with a renewed enthusiasm and energy for your job as a school nurse!


text:
An Interview With Henry Hippert Of Eastern Catalytic
Counterman recently asked Henry Hippert, executive sales director of Eastern Catalytic, to bring readers up to speed on rules and regulations regarding catalytic converters.
What does the New York mandate for catalytic converters mean?
- MEMA Names John Chalifoux Chief Sustainability Officer
The change in the aftermarket emission laws for New York will ultimately mean that New York residents will be able to enjoy cleaner air because these regulations require the use of an improved aftermarket catalytic converter designed to meet the tighter standards set by the California Air Resource Board (CARB). While cleaner air is obviously a good thing, the path to achieve this does come at the expense of some parameters the industry was used to. To meet these new CARB regulations, a substantial investment is being made in testing and development, as well as the additional precious metals required by the new catalytic converters to meet the standard. Both of these factors are raising the cost of the catalytic converters substantially. Guidelines of the law also limit the vehicle model years for which a manufacturer can legally make replacement converters. As a result, consumers with vehicles that are less than four years old may only be able to purchase an OEM replacement converter from their car dealer.
What is the penalty for failure to comply? For the parts store vs. the shop (technician?)
As of today, violations are subject to minimum penalty of $500 for a first violation and up to $26,000 for each subsequent violation. A violation would be issued for each non-compliant converter sold and/or installed. Failure to maintain complete records or submit reports may also result in a violation. The New York State Department of Environmental Conservation Division of Air Resources Bureau of Mobile Sources, which is responsible for administering and enforcing these new regulations, will periodically conduct audits at facilities to ensure compliance with the requirements.
How can you tell whether a vehicle has a Federal or CARB emissions system?
The best way to tell whether a vehicle complies with Federal or California emissions is to look in the engine compartment. Vehicle emissions labels are typically found on the front radiator support, the strut tower plate or under the hood.
What application advice is available for counter people to learn more and share with their shop customers?
Since the rules for installing a California-approved converter vs. a Federal aftermarket converters are slightly different in New York than California, I suggest that counter people start by asking three basic questions to help determine the correct and legal part for the customer:
1. Does the vehicle's emission label state that it meets or complies to Federal EPA emission standards?
If yes, then the customer is legally allowed to install a federal aftermarket catalytic converter that meets EPA guidelines, regardless of the vehicle's year/make/model. If the label states that the vehicle is California emission compliant or 50 state legal, then the counter person needs to ask question No. 2.
2. What model year is the vehicle?
If the customer has a California/50-state emission vehicle from model year 1975 to 1992 or 1995, they can legally install a Federal aftermarket catalytic converter that meets EPA guidelines. If they have a California/50-state emission system for model years 1993, 1994 or 1996-newer, then they will need to go to question No. 3 to get additional information in order to determine the correct and legal converter.
3. What is the Engine Family Number or Test Group number, and what is the Emission Type of the vehicle?
This information can be found on the emission label located in the engine compartment. It must match the manufacturer's catalog information for the part number available for that vehicle.
What can parts professionals do if they believe they've found a phony converter?
All legal aftermarket catalytic converters will have certification markings on the heat shield or body of the converter. Federal/EPA-approved converters will have the manufacturers ID along with the series number and date of manufacture. California legal converters will have the manufacturer's Executive Order Number, the part number, date of manufacture and exhaust flow direction arrow. Parts professionals with questions about the legality of a product or who have discovered a phony converter should contact:
New York State Department of
Division of Air Resources
Bureau of Mobile Sources
Albany, NY 12233-3255
Henry Hippert is the executive sales director at Eastern Catalytic. He joined the company in 2003 and has been a major contributor to the dramatic and consistent growth Eastern Catalytic has demonstrated over the past several years and continues to enjoy today. As executive sales director, Hippert is responsible for managing all sales, marketing and customer service activities for both its domestic and export businesses. Prior to his appointment with Eastern Catalytic, Hippert served as account manager for Johnson Matthey Catalytic Systems Division, where he was in charge of the aftermarket and Japanese OEM accounts. Hippert holds a BS in Business from Villanova University.
Tags: Emissions, Operations, Tech Topics
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MEMA Names Jackson Executive Director of Strategy and Research
He most recently was executive director of strategy and research for MEMA's light-duty original equipment division.
MEMA, the Vehicle Suppliers Association, has named Mike Jackson executive director of strategy and research.
Jackson most recently was executive director of strategy and research for MEMA's light-duty original equipment division.
Jackson's expanded role will support all segments of MEMA, including the OE, aftermarket, remanufacturing, commercial vehicle and government affairs. He will lead a dynamic, data-driven research team focused on bringing insights and clarity around industry and market trends.
ATC systems require a complex array of sensors that look at the temperature, humidity and air quality inside the vehicle.
By Andrew Markel December 28, 2022
Why don't we see them as often today?
MEMA Taps Gardner to Lead Marketing and Communications
Prior to MEMA's reorganization, marketing and communication responsibilities were siloed across MEMA's four divisions.
By Counterman Staff January 12, 2023
MEMA Reveals New Business Structure, Branding Strategy
MEMA will operate with two groups: MEMA Aftermarket Suppliers and MEMA Original Equipment Suppliers.
Schaeffler Releases Technical Bulletins for LuK Product Line
For more than 50 years, LuK has been one of the most trusted and recognized brands in the automotive aftermarket.
By Counterman Staff January 5, 2023
NPW Holds 32nd-Annual Charity Golf Tournament
More than 100 players received tips from PGA's Erik Compton during the event.
By Counterman Staff December 28, 2022
Catalytic Converter and Oxygen Sensor Issues
Replacing Catalytic Converters
Understanding And Selling Catalytic Converters

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Reviewed at the 2011 Palm Springs International Film Festival
Permanently dying to breathe
In general, films about serious health issues, notably HIV/AIDS are presented as documentaries (cross-reference below). First-person interviews often make the various points (symptoms, treatment, prevention) with more veracity than scripted actors.
The challenge, then, for director/co-writer (along with Jean-Claude Van Rijckeghem) Hans Van Nuffel is to fictionalize the situations but remain true to the disease under the microscope. In this case it's cystic fibrosis: the hereditary lung-destroying malady where survival into adulthood is considered to be an achievement.
The parts that work best in this story of two young men whose identical "chemistry" puts them in competition for a lung transplant that can add years to what—by that stage it's the only option for improvement—is bronchial hell on Earth, are the scenes between the stricken. The black humour of the terminally ill is one of their few "joys" in lives that are dependent on unending pills and a constant oxygen feed. Like blood to vampires (a notion that is worked in tellingly) the cylindrical lungs must be suckled voraciously or life ends.
Not surprisingly, the weak points surface whenever the fiction tries working overtime to either support the overarching drama (will the men survive?) or provide distractions from the grim medical realities. Worst offender is the nonexistent security in the pivotal hospital where the patients gradually move along the continuum of care until the point of no return (occasional check-ups; monthly visits, week-long stays to run ever-more-complicated tests, then permanent admittance). Whether assaulting interns, violating protocols in quarantine rooms, racing pallet trucks in the bowels or stealing drugs from the wide-open medication warehouse, the false notes drown out the compelling truth at the narrative's heart.
Anyone who has seen the ravages of this deadly disease on their contemporaries (friends or family) will shudder again at the cruel disintegration of those who—but for the hugely bad luck of the gene pool—are doomed to fight for every breath just as soon as they've drawn their first.
Playing Tom, Stef Aerts does a remarkable job, facing his devastating prognosis with compelling credibility. "You don't know how it feels,"—spoken to his mom as he explains a difficult, courageous decision—resonates entirely. Who amongst us could know, once removed?
Wouter Hendrickx brings somewhat older, a tad wiser Xavier to believable life and near-death. His lost lung (from a too-quick surfacing during an underwater photo shoot) doesn't prevent him from thinking large and training for a triathlon, but his on-again, off-again, on-without-fear-of-passing-statistical-death-to-a-newborn relationship begins in the shallows (open-door sex in the wards) before strengthening in the coda.
That love interest is Anneleen—Marie Vinck who turns in a bravura performance as an afflicted woman who decides not to miss anything even if she, like her friends, "will die before our parents."
Tom's emerging girlfriend, Eline (Anemone Valckle lights up the screen with her inventions of necessity)—trapped in isolation with a rare pneumonia strain—helps round out Tom's character in her first scenes only to be pulled back for an encore five years later that makes little sense.
Another puzzle is Jimmy (Rik Verheye), Tom's best pal. The one-man hell raiser is loyal to a fault (he'd kill for his constant companion) but is angry and reckless (without a cause, although there never has been a woman in his life …), knowing that he'd be more believable as a CF patient than a lawless no good. His friendship with Tom seems out of tune with the other aspects of the struggling man's character. Having known another Jimmy with the disease who played hard and fast with the few years he had before succumbing to his pre-ordained fate—no doubt—tempers this opinion.
Nuffel has certainly succeeded in bringing cystic fibrosis into the public arena—out from the near-overwhelming shadow of cancer and AIDS. A viewing is highly recommended: come for better understanding of these gasping lives and smile through the trumped-up stories that allow the message to, nonetheless, be brought home. JWR
Director - Hans Van Nuffel
Producers - Dries Phlypo, Jean-Claude Van Rijckeghem
Writers - Jean-Claude Van Rijckeghem, Hans Van Nuffel
Cinematography - Ruben Impens
Editor - Alain Dessauvage
Main Cast - Stef Aerts, Wouter Hendrickx, Marie Vinck, Rik Verheye, Anemone Valcke


Sarah and I put together a shoot for Zivity. We're their special Christmas feature. Go us!
The full set will be up on Zivity on Christmas day (you'll have to join their site to see it), but there's no way I couldn't share at least a few teasers with my loyal flickr fans.
I love the lighting and perspective of this. Thanks for sharing.


text:
The Past Present
A photographic archive of Australia in the early 20th Century
Welcome To The Past Present
The Art Gallery Of New South Wales
Feb5 by pastpres
This week, The Past Present turns its attention to one of the many beautiful and somewhat iconic buildings around Sydney. Sydney has spectacular architecture displayed in many of our old buildings. One of the most spectacular, with its beautiful facades and imposing columns, is the Art Gallery of New South Wales, pictured above on a postcard from the early 20th century. Intriguingly, note the building work going on, indicating that, at the time of the postcard, the Art Gallery was yet to be completed!
The Art Gallery of New South Wales has its inception in the 1870s,when an Academy of Art was established to promote fine arts in Sydney. With funds contributed by the Government of the time, the Academy purchased the first works to be held in the collection of the Art Gallery of New South Wales. Over the next decade the collection developed and grew, and a permanent home to house the collection quickly became a necessity and John Horbury Hunt was asked to submit plans for the gallery. This original building, which became known as 'the Art Barn' was not much more than a series of thick walls, but provided a temporary home until funds for a more appropriate building could be obtained. In 1889 Hunt was asked to complete a further set of plans for the gallery, and in total he submitted three designs. However, none were viewed as appropriate, being too large, too grand, and too much a hybrid of architectural styles.
The trustees of the gallery really wanted a Classic Ionic design, a temple to art in the Greek style, and they looked to Walter Vernon to provide it. At the time, this was quite different to the type of architecture Vernon was known for, but his design certainly met with the demands of the trustees, though what we see today is a little more austere and less ornamented than Vernon envisaged. The building was completed in four stages and by 1901 the southern half of the building had been completed and in 1909 the front of the gallery was complete. However, nothing further of Vernons designs was built, despite plans to do so during the 1930s. Further extensions to the building were completed in time for the 1988 Bicentenary, and there have been many additions and alterations since.
This entry was posted in New South Wales, Sydney and tagged 1900s, 1910s, buildings, history, postcard collection, sydney.
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Home Business Markets Will lower Chinese investment hit Australia's stockmarket?
Will lower Chinese investment hit Australia's stockmarket?
New figures from KPMG sound the alarm.
Chinese investment in Australia has fallen to its second-lowest level since the 2008 global financial crisis, down more than 36 per cent in 2018.
A new report by KMPG found that while Chinese investors still view Australia as an attractive place to invest, they're finding it harder to get capital out of China.
While those falling numbers are likely to have an impact on our property market, analysts expect it will also rattle some of Australia's major listed companies.
Scott Phillips of the Motley Fool joined Your Money Live to discuss which companies are likely to feel the brunt of falling Chinese investment and which he thinks are worth holding on to.


text:
Gophers take care of business against Northwestern
Minnesota led from start to finish, rebounding with a 38-22 win after a tough loss to Iowa last week.
Jasmin Kemp
Running back Shannon Brooks carries the ball into the end zone at Ryan Field during the game against the Northwestern Wildcats on Saturday, Nov. 23. The Gophers earned a 38-22 victory bringing their record to 10-1.
After their first loss of the season to Iowa last week, Minnesota silenced critics who questioned their ability to bounce back as they recovered with a strong win on the road Saturday against the Northwestern Wildcats, 38-22.
"I'm really proud of our players responding," head coach P.J. Fleck said. "They wanted to get that taste out of their mouth so bad. They showed us that on Sunday. We had one of our best Sundays we've had in a long time."
After being in concussion protocol all week, Gophers quarterback Tanner Morgan was announced as active before the game and didn't show signs of lingering effects. Morgan threw four touchdown passes, giving him 26 on the season — the most in school history.
"It's cool. There's been a lot of great quarterbacks, a lot of great teams come through this university," Morgan said about breaking the record. "That's not just a Tanner Morgan thing, that's a coach Ciarrocca, that's an offensive line, receivers, running backs, it's not just an individual thing at all."
Minnesota's offense scored touchdowns on its first three possessions, dominating through the air and the ground as the defense allowed only five total yards on the Wildcats' first three possessions.
"We knew from last game we had to start fast in order for us to win games," redshirt sophomore safety Antoine Winfield Jr. said.
On Minnesota's first possession of the game Morgan found sophomore wide receiver Rashod Bateman, who made a toe-tapping catch in the end zone for a 19-yard touchdown reception.
"Unreal," Morgan said about the catch. "First the guy was able to get open [and] create space, but the little toe tap like a ballerina, it was awesome for him to be able to show that and do that and stay in and put points up on the board for us."
Redshirt senior defensive lineman Sam Renner sacked Northwestern's quarterback Hunter Johnson for a nine-yard loss on the second play of Northwestern's ensuing drive, halting any Wildcats offense and resulting in a punt back to the Gophers.
Minnesota needed a little less than two minutes to go 45 yards for a touchdown. Running backs Rodney Smith and Shannon Brooks combined for 34 of the 45 yards and Brooks would cap the drive off with nine-yard touchdown run.
On Minnesota's next possession, Morgan and receiver Tyler Johnson completed one of the prettiest catches all season. As Johnson beat his defender to start the play, Morgan threw an over-the-shoulder pass 26 yards down the sideline to Johnson to put the Gophers in the red zone. Three plays later, Morgan found Bateman for a 10-yard touchdown pass to give the Gophers a 21-0 lead.
After building a decisive lead over the Wildcats only a few minutes into the second quarter, the Gophers slipped up in their play. After running the score up 21-0, Morgan was called for an intentional grounding in the end zone resulting in a safety and giving Northwestern its first 2 points of the game.
After receiving the punt following the safety, Northwestern head coach Pat Fitzgerald turned to sophomore quarterback Andrew Marty, who would drive the Wildcats 69 yards for a touchdown. Marty found sophomore wide receiver Jace James for a nine-yard touchdown pass which cut Minnesota's lead to 21-9 heading into halftime.
"The quarterback wrinkle that they had, we hadn't prepared a lot for," Fleck said. "We had to adjust a lot of that game plan on the sideline."
On the Gophers' first possession of the second half, they found the end zone again. Morgan once again found Bateman for their third touchdown connection of the day on a seven-yard back shoulder pass, extending the lead to 28-9.
Northwestern responded as they tried to dig themselves out of a hole. The Wildcats drove 64 yards, taking over six minutes off the clock and finishing the drive with a two-yard touchdown rush from Marty.
Looking to put the game away and extend their lead, the Gophers took a little over five minutes off the clock in their next possession. With Bateman coming off the field due to an injury, Minnesota was facing a third-and-3 just inside the red zone at the Wildcat 17-yard line. Morgan looked to Johnson, who made an eye-popping 17-yard touchdown grab to give the Gophers a 35-16 lead early in the fourth quarter, effectively sealing the game.
Johnson's touchdown grab was the 30th of his career, one away from tying Ron Johnson for the University of Minnesota record of 31. The star receiver finished the game with seven receptions for 125 yards to go along with the touchdown.
Both Bateman and Johnson eclipsed 1,000 yards receiving on the season, the first time in program history that the team has had a pair of receivers over the 1,000 yard mark in the same season.
"In my opinion I think he's the best receiver in the country," Fleck said about Bateman. "I think 1B would be Tyler Johnson. 1A, 1B they're together. We have two 1,000 yard receivers, they both complement each other."
This win is the Gophers seventh in Big Ten play, the most in program history. The 10-win regular season is the first time that has happened since 1905 and Minnesota will play Wisconsin at TCF Bank Stadium next week in a game that will decide the Big Ten West division.
"We know we have great opponent ahead of us and we just have to go ahead and go to work this week during practice," said Winfield.
Morgan throws four touchdowns to lead Gophers past Northwestern
Gophers defense's early struggles lead to loss against Iowa
Minnesota falls 23-19 at Iowa in first defeat of the season