text:
Shengkai Wang
Phys Sci Res Assoc, Mechanical Engineering
Postdoctoral Research Fellow, Mechanical Engineering
Doctor of Philosophy, Stanford University, EE-PMN (2017)
Doctor of Philosophy, Stanford University, ME-PHD (2017)
Master of Science, Stanford University, ME-MS (2012)
Bachelor of Science, Peking University, Theoretical& Applied Mechanics (2010)
University - Scholar Department:&nbspMechanical Engineering Position: Postdoctoral Scholar
Quantitative 2-D OH thermometry using spectrally resolved planar laser-induced fluorescence OPTICS LETTERS Wang, S., Hanson, R. K. 2019; 44 (3): 578–81
A novel method is presented for quantitative two-dimensional temperature measurement in combustion gases. This method, namely spectrally resolved planar laser-induced fluorescence thermometry, utilizes a high-power, wavelength-tunable and narrow-linewidth CW laser to access the spectral lineshapes of a key combustion intermediate, the hydroxyl radical (OH), and enables high-fidelity and calibration-free quantification of non-uniform temperature fields in complex reacting flows. Specifically, the R1(11)/R1(7) line pair of the OH A2Σ+-X2Π(0,0) rovibronic band was probed with laser radiation near 306.5 nm, and their fluorescence ratios were used to infer temperature. Preliminary demonstrations of this thermometry method were performed in a series of burner-stabilized CH4-air flames.
View details for DOI 10.1364/OL.44.000578
View details for Web of Science ID 000457292400029
View details for PubMedID 30702683
Shock tube measurements of OH concentration time-histories in benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene oxidation PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE Wang, S., Davidson, D. F., Hanson, R. K. 2019; 37 (1): 163–70
View details for DOI 10.1016/j.proci.2018.06.116
Demonstration of non-absorbing interference rejection using wavelength modulation spectroscopy in high-pressure shock tubes APPLIED PHYSICS B-LASERS AND OPTICS Wei, W., Peng, W., Wang, Y., Choudhary, R., Wang, S., Shao, J., Hanson, R. K. 2019; 125 (1)
View details for DOI 10.1007/s00340-018-7118-3
Cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy for shocktubes: Design and optimization PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE Chao, X., Shen, G., Sun, K., Wang, Z., Meng, Q., Wang, S., Hanson, R. K. 2019; 37 (2): 1345–53
Shock tube study of normal heptane first-stage ignition near 3.5 atm COMBUSTION AND FLAME Campbell, M. F., Wang, S., Davidson, D. F., Hanson, R. K. 2018; 198: 376–92
View details for DOI 10.1016/j.combustflame.2018.08.008
A shock tube study of jet fuel pyrolysis and ignition at elevated pressures and temperatures FUEL Shao, J., Zhu, Y., Wang, S., Davidson, D. F., Hanson, R. K. 2018; 226: 338–44
View details for DOI 10.1016/j.fuel.2018.04.028
Ultra-sensitive spectroscopy of OH radical in high-temperature transient reactions OPTICS LETTERS Wang, S., Hanson, R. K. 2018; 43 (15): 3518–21
The hydroxyl (OH) radical is arguably the most important transient radical in high-temperature gas-phase combustion reactions, yet it is very difficult to measure because of its high reactivity and, thus, short lifetime and low concentration. This work reports the development of a novel method for ultra-sensitive, quantitative, and microsecond-resolved detection of OH based on UV frequency-modulation spectroscopy (FMS). To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first FMS demonstration in the near-UV spectral region for detection of short-lived radical species. Shot-noise-limited detection was achieved at an optical power of 25 mW. A proof-of-concept experiment in a tabletop H2O/He microwave discharge cell has reached a 1σ minimum detectable absorbance (MDA) of less than 2×10-4 over 1 MHz measurement bandwidth. High-temperature OH measurement was demonstrated in a 15 cm diameter shock tube, where a typical MDA of 3.0×10-4 was achieved at 1330 K, 0.38 atm, and 1 MHz. These preliminary results have outperformed the previous best MDA by more than a factor of 3; further improvement by another order of magnitude is anticipated, following the strategies outlined at the end of this Letter. The current method paves the path to parts per billion (ppb) -level OH detection capability and offers prospects to significantly advance fundamental combustion research by enabling direct observation of OH formation and scavenging kinetics during key stages of fuel oxidation that were inaccessible with previous methods.
A physics-based approach to modeling real-fuel combustion chemistry - II. Reaction kinetic models of jet and rocket fuels COMBUSTION AND FLAME Xu, R., Wang, K., Banerjee, S., Shao, J., Parise, T., Zhu, Y., Wang, S., Movaghar, A., Lee, D., Zhao, R., Han, X., Gao, Y., Lu, T., Brezinsky, K., Egolfopoulos, F. N., Davidson, D. F., Hanson, R. K., Bowman, C. T., Wang, H. 2018; 193: 520–37
High-sensitivity 308.6-nm laser absorption diagnostic optimized for OH measurement in shock tube combustion studies APPLIED PHYSICS B-LASERS AND OPTICS Wang, S., Hanson, R. K. 2018; 124 (3)
A new diagnostic for hydrocarbon fuels using 3.41-mu m diode laser absorption COMBUSTION AND FLAME Wang, S., Parise, T., Johnson, S. E., Davidson, D. F., Hanson, R. K. 2017; 186: 129–39
Time-resolved sub-ppm CH3 detection in a shock tube using cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy with a ps-pulsed UV laser PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE Wang, S., Davidson, D. F., Jeffries, J. B., Hanson, R. K. 2017; 36 (3): 4549-4556
Shock Tube and Laser Absorption Study of CH2O Oxidation via Simultaneous Measurements of OH and CO. The journal of physical chemistry. A Wang, S., Davidson, D. F., Hanson, R. K. 2017; 121 (45): 8561–68
The oxidation of Ar-diluted stoichiometric CH2O-O2 mixtures was studied behind reflected shock waves over temperatures of 1332-1685 K, at pressures of about 1.5 atm and initial CH2O mole fractions of 500, 1500, and 5000 ppm. Quantitative and time-resolved concentration histories of OH and CO (at both v″ = 0 and v″ = 1) were measured by narrow-linewidth laser absorption at 306.7 and 4854 nm, respectively. A time delay was observed between the formation of v″ = 0 and v″ = 1 states of CO, suggesting that CO was kinetically generated primarily in the ground state and then collisionally relaxed toward vibrational equilibrium. The measured CO and OH time-histories were used to evaluate the performance of four detailed reaction mechanisms regarding the oxidation chemistry of CH2O. Further analyses of these time-history data have also led to improved determination for the rate constants of two key reactions, namely H + O2 = O + OH (R1) and OH + CO = CO2 + H (R2), as follows: k1 = 8.04 × 1013 exp(-7370 K/T) cm3 mol-1 s-1, k2 = 1.90 × 1012 exp(-2760 K/T) cm3 mol-1 s-1; both expressions are valid over 1428-1685 K and have 1σ uncertainties of approximately ±10%.
Rate constants of long, branched, and unsaturated aldehydes with OH at elevated temperatures PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE Wang, S., Davidson, D. F., Hanson, R. K. 2017; 36 (1): 151-160
Kinetics of Excited Oxygen Formation in Shock-Heated O-2-Ar Mixtures JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A Nations, M., Wang, S., Goldenstein, C. S., Davidson, D. F., Hanson, R. K. 2016; 120 (42): 8234-8243
View details for DOI 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b07274
Shock Tube Measurement for the Dissociation Rate Constant of Acetaldehyde Using Sensitive CO Diagnostics. journal of physical chemistry. A Wang, S., Davidson, D. F., Hanson, R. K. 2016; 120 (35): 6895-6901
The rate constant of acetaldehyde thermal dissociation, CH3CHO = CH3 + HCO, was measured behind reflected shock waves at temperatures of 1273-1618 K and pressures near 1.6 and 0.34 atm. The current measurement utilized sensitive CO diagnostics to track the dissociation of CH3CHO via oxygen atom balance and inferred the title rate constant (k1) from CO time histories obtained in pyrolysis experiments of 1000 and 50 ppm of CH3CHO/Ar mixtures. By using dilute test mixtures, the current study successfully suppressed the interferences from secondary reactions and directly determined the title rate constant as k1(1.6 atm) = 1.1 × 10(14) exp(-36 700 K/T) s(-1) over 1273-1618 K and k1(0.34 atm) = 5.5 × 10(12) exp(-32 900 K/T) s(-1) over 1377-1571 K, with 2σ uncertainties of approximately ±30% for both expressions. Example simulations of existing reaction mechanisms updated with the current values of k1 demonstrated substantial improvements with regards to the acetaldehyde pyrolysis chemistry.
Improved Shock Tube Measurement of the CH4 + Ar = CH3 + H + Ar Rate Constant using UV Cavity-Enhanced Absorption Spectroscopy of CH3. journal of physical chemistry. A Wang, S., Davidson, D. F., Hanson, R. K. 2016; 120 (28): 5427-5434
We report an improved measurement for the rate constant of methane dissociation in argon (CH4 + Ar = CH3 + H + Ar) behind reflected shock waves. The experiment was conducted using a sub-parts per million sensitivity CH3 diagnostic recently developed in our laboratory based on ultraviolet cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy. The high sensitivity of this diagnostic allowed for measurements of quantitatively resolved CH3 time histories during the initial stage of CH4 pyrolysis, where the reaction system is clean and free from influences of secondary reactions and temperature change. This high sensitivity also allowed extension of our measurement range to much lower temperatures (<1500 K). The current-reflected shock measurements were performed at temperatures between 1487 and 1866 K and pressures near 1.7 atm, resulting in the following Arrhenius rate constant expression for the title reaction: k(1.7 atm) = 3.7 × 10(16) exp(-42 200 K/T) cm(3)/mol·s, with a 2σ uncertainty factor of 1.25. The current data are in good consensus with various theoretical and review studies, but at the low temperature end they suggest a slightly higher (up to 35%) rate constant compared to these previous results. A re-evaluation of previous and current experimental data in the falloff region was also performed, yielding updated expressions for both the low-pressure limit and the high-pressure limit rate constants and improved agreement with all existing data.
Cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy with a ps-pulsed UV laser for sensitive, high-speed measurements in a shock tube OPTICS EXPRESS Wang, S., Sun, K., Davidson, D. F., Jeffries, J. B., Hanson, R. K. 2016; 24 (1): 308-318
View details for DOI 10.1364/OE.24.000308
Shock-tube measurements of excited oxygen atoms using cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy APPLIED OPTICS Nations, M., Wang, S., Goldenstein, C. S., Sun, K., Davidson, D. F., Jeffries, J. B., Hanson, R. K. 2015; 54 (29): 8766-8775
We report the use of cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy (CEAS) using two distributed feedback diode lasers near 777.2 and 844.6 nm for sensitive, time-resolved, in situ measurements of excited-state populations of atomic oxygen in a shock tube. Here, a 1% O2/Ar mixture was shock-heated to 5400-8000 K behind reflected shock waves. The combined use of a low-finesse cavity, fast wavelength scanning of the lasers, and an off-axis alignment enabled measurements with 10 μs time response and low cavity noise. The CEAS absorption gain factors of 104 and 142 for the P35←S520 (777.2 nm) and P0,1,23←S310 (844.6 nm) atomic oxygen transitions, respectively, significantly improved the detection sensitivity over conventional single-pass measurements. This work demonstrates the potential of using CEAS to improve shock-tube studies of nonequilibrium electronic-excitation processes at high temperatures.
View details for DOI 10.1364/AO.54.008766
Shock Tube Measurement of the High-Temperature Rate Constant for OH + CH3 -> Products JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A Wang, S., Li, S., Davidson, D. F., Hanson, R. K. 2015; 119 (33): 8799-8805
Shock-Tube Measurement of Acetone Dissociation Using Cavity-Enhanced Absorption Spectroscopy of CO. journal of physical chemistry. A Wang, S., Sun, K., Davidson, D. F., Jeffries, J. B., Hanson, R. K. 2015; 119 (28): 7257-7262
A direct measurement for the rate constant of the acetone dissociation reaction (CH3COCH3 = CH3CO + CH3) was conducted behind reflected shock wave, utilizing a sub-ppm sensitivity CO diagnostic achieved by cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy (CEAS). The current experiment eliminated the influence from secondary reactions and temperature change by investigating the clean pyrolysis of <20 ppm acetone in argon. For the first time, the acetone dissociation rate constant (k1) was directly measured over 5.5 orders of magnitude with a high degree of accuracy: k1 (1004-1494 K, 1.6 atm) = 4.39 × 10(55) T(-11.394) exp(-52 140K/T) ± 24% s(-1). This result was seen to agree with most previous studies and has bridged the gap between their temperature and pressure conditions. The current work also served as an example demonstration of the potential of using the CEAS technique in shock-tube kinetics studies.
View details for DOI 10.1021/jp511642a
High-sensitivity interference-free diagnostic for measurement of methane in shock tubes JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER Sur, R., Wang, S., Sun, K., Davidson, D. F., Jeffries, J. B., Hanson, R. K. 2015; 156: 80-87
View details for DOI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2015.01.023
High temperature measurements for the rate constants of C-1-C-4 aldehydes with OH in a shock tube PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE Wang, S., Davidson, D. F., Hanson, R. K. 2015; 35: 473-480
Shock Tube Measurement of the High-Temperature Rate Constant for OH + CH3 → Products. The journal of physical chemistry. A Wang, S., Li, S., Davidson, D. F., Hanson, R. K. 2015; 119 (33): 8799–8805
The reaction between hydroxyl (OH) and methyl radicals (CH3) is critical to hydrocarbon oxidation. Motivated by the sparseness of its high-temperature rate constant data and the large uncertainties in the existing literature values, the current study has remeasured the overall rate constant of the OH + CH3 reaction and extended the measurement temperature range to 1214-1933 K, using simultaneous laser absorption diagnostics for OH and CH3 radicals behind incident and reflected shock waves. tert-Butyl hydroperoxide and azomethane were used as pyrolytic sources for the OH and CH3 radicals, respectively. The current study bridged the temperature ranges of existing experimental data, and good agreement is seen between the current measurement and some previous experimental and theoretical high-temperature studies. A recommendation for the rate constant expression of the title reaction, based on the weighted average of the high-temperature data from selected studies, is given by k1 = 4.19 × 10(1)(T/K)(3.15) exp(5270 K/T) cm(3) mol(-1) s(-1) ±30%, which is valid over 1000-2500 K.
Constrained reaction volume shock tube study of n-heptane oxidation: Ignition delay times and time-histories of multiple species and temperature PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE Campbell, M. F., Wang, S., Goldenstein, C. S., Spearrin, R. M., Tulgestke, A. M., Zaczek, L. T., Davidson, D. F., Hanson, R. K. 2015; 35: 231-239
Reaction Rate Constant of CH2O + H = HCO + H-2 Revisited: A Combined Study of Direct Shock Tube Measurement and Transition State Theory Calculation JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A Wang, S., Dames, E. E., Davidson, D. F., Hanson, R. K. 2014; 118 (44): 10201-10209
View details for DOI 10.1021/jp5085795
Effects of size polydispersity on electron mobility in a two-dimensional quantum-dot superlattice PHYSICAL REVIEW B Xu, S., Thian, D., Wang, S., Wang, Y., Prinz, F. B. 2014; 90 (14)
View details for DOI 10.1103/PhysRevB.90.144202
Time-resolved in situ detection of CO in a shock tube using cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy with a quantum-cascade laser near 4.6 mu m OPTICS EXPRESS Sun, K., Wang, S., Sur, R., Chao, X., Jeffries, J. B., Hanson, R. K. 2014; 22 (20): 24559-24565
Sensitive and rapid laser diagnostic for shock tube kinetics studies using cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy OPTICS EXPRESS Sun, K., Wang, S., Sur, R., Chao, X., Jeffries, J. B., Hanson, R. K. 2014; 22 (8): 9291-9300
We report the first application of cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy (CEAS) using a coherent light source for sensitive and rapid gaseous species time-history measurements in a shock tube. Off-axis alignment and fast scanning of the laser wavelength were used to minimize coupling noise in a low-finesse cavity. An absorption gain factor of 83 with a measurement time resolution of 20 µs was demonstrated for C2H2 detection using a near-infrared transition near 1537 nm, corresponding to a noise-equivalent detection limit of 20 ppm at 296 K and 76 ppm at 906 K at 50 kHz. This substantial gain in signal, relative to conventional single-pass absorption, will enable ultra-sensitive species detection in shock tube kinetics studies, particularly useful for measurements of minor species and for studies of dilute reactive systems.
Reaction rate constant of CH2O + H = HCO + H2 revisited: a combined study of direct shock tube measurement and transition state theory calculation. The journal of physical chemistry. A Wang, S., Dames, E. E., Davidson, D. F., Hanson, R. K. 2014; 118 (44): 10201–9
The rate constant of the H-abstraction reaction of formaldehyde (CH2O) by hydrogen atoms (H), CH2O + H = H2 + HCO, has been studied behind reflected shock waves with use of a sensitive mid-IR laser absorption diagnostic for CO, over temperatures of 1304-2006 K and at pressures near 1 atm. C2H5I was used as an H atom precursor and 1,3,5-trioxane as the CH2O precursor, to generate a well-controlled CH2O/H reacting system. By designing the experiments to maintain relatively constant H atom concentrations, the current study significantly boosted the measurement sensitivity of the target reaction and suppressed the influence of interfering reactions. The measured CH2O + H rate constant can be expressed in modified Arrhenius from as kCH2O+H(1304-2006 K, 1 atm) = 1.97 × 10(11)(T/K)(1.06) exp(-3818 K/T) cm(3) mol(-1)s(-1), with uncertainty limits estimated to be +18%/-26%. A transition-state-theory (TST) calculation, using the CCSD(T)-F12/VTZ-F12 level of theory, is in good agreement with the shock tube measurement and extended the temperature range of the current study to 200-3000 K, over which a modified Arrhenius fit of the rate constant can be expressed as kCH2O+H(200-3000 K) = 5.86 × 10(3)(T/K)(3.13) exp(-762 K/T) cm(3) mol(-1)s(-1).
High-temperature laser absorption diagnostics for CH2O and CH3CHO and their application to shock tube kinetic studies COMBUSTION AND FLAME Wang, S., Davidson, D. F., Hanson, R. K. 2013; 160 (10): 1930-1938
Constrained reaction volume approach for studying chemical kinetics behind reflected shock waves COMBUSTION AND FLAME Hanson, R. K., Pang, G. A., Chakraborty, S., Ren, W., Wang, S., Davidson, D. F. 2013; 160 (9): 1550-1558
On the rate constants of OH + HO2 and HO2 + HO2: A comprehensive study of H2O2 thermal decomposition using multi-species laser absorption PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE Hong, Z., Lam, K., Sur, R., Wang, S., Davidson, D. F., Hanson, R. K. 2013; 34: 565-571


The Medlock Valley Project began in 2003 and is a partnership between several agencies and the local community. It aims to ensure that the Medlock Valley, including Philip's Park, Clayton Vale, Holt Town and the Lower Medlock, become a focus of everyday life in East Manchester and a green resource for the city. The project works to improve access, usage and address long-term management issues in the valley. Almost £2million was funded by the Northwest Development Agency and funding is continuing to be sourced to continue projects. The vision for the valley continues with partners including Leisure Services, Groundwork, New East Manchester, Friends of Clayton Vale and Friends of Philips Park all working together to achieve this vision by increasing usage and applying for funding.
Building a pond-dipping platform at the lake, enabling children to learn more about pond life.
Planting pond plants to attract more wildlife and improve ponds appearance.
Increasing wildflower areas to complement the biodiversity action plan.
Cleanups to litterpick fly tipping.
This is just a small amount of the work that volunteers carry out with the project.
Want to volutneer? Then please contact the warden to find out more.
You can learn more about the Medlock Valley in the following summary report, which contains background information, maps and photographs. Use the link below to download the report in Adobe PDF format, suitable for desktop printing or viewing on-screen.


In this blog series I have been discussing a simple way any organization of any size can put into place a Single Sign On solution. In the first part I discussed, at very high level, Windows Identity Foundation (or WIF); which has been provided by Microsoft as a simple way of implementing claims-based authentication. If you haven't read the first part I suggest you go back and read that one first. It will give you a basic understanding of WIF before reading this next part where I will be discussing WIF in practice.
In my conclusion of part one I stated that WIF provides a foundation (as it's name implies) for claims-based authentication but in and of itself does not provide any implementation. This is done on purpose because Microsoft is trying to give the development community a framework for creating their own implementations of WIF. That may be great for organizations that can afford to pay developers to spin their own WIF implementation but many small and medium sized companies just don't have the time or resources to do this. Fret not! Luckily for us the guys at ThinkTecture have done all of the hard work and have provided a turnkey solution called IdentityServer that not only implements WIF but also incorporates the mechanisms for Single Sign On.
Let me be clear up front, neither I nor my organization are in any way affiliated with ThinkTecture but we are fans of their IdentityServer product. I think after reading what their IdentityServer product has to offer you may be as well.
At its core IdentityServer is a light-weight security token service built using .NET 4.5, ASP.NET MVC4, WCF and Web API. It has out-of-the-box support for user management using the ASP.NET membership and roles provider, but provides extensibility points to integrate arbitrary user databases. Furthermore almost any aspect of token issuance and data management can be customized using a plugin model. More information and source code, yes I said source code, can be found here. To be honest their website and documentation doesn't do justice to the power and impact IdentityServer can have on your organization – especially with regards to SSO and flexibility on how you authenticate your users. To save you some time in reading their website, let's discuss how it can be used in your organization and how it can provide you a simple SSO solution.
First and foremost, IdentityServer is a standalone website you can either install within your organization or host out in the cloud. It has a management interface you can use to configure general server information, certificates, protocols, identity providers, and much more. While you don't need to be an expert in WIF and security concepts, it is helpful to at least understand some basics. The admin interface provides some inline help but I have found sometimes the need to occasionally do additional research to understand the setting options a bit more.
Referring back to my previous post and the discussion of WIF, the Identity Server is going to, at a minimum, play the role of a Security Token Service (STS). What this means is your application(s) are going to rely on the IdentityServer for collecting credentials and subsequently issuing a claims-based authentication token. Your applications can then use these tokens to identity the authenticated user. This takes the responsibility of authenticating users away from your applications and puts it on the IdentityServer.
With IdentityServer you have a couple of options when it comes to collecting and issuing these claims-based authentication tokens: 1) using IdentityServer's built in authentication or 2) redirecting to a trusted Identity Provider (IdP).
In the first option, when your applications redirect to the IdentityServer for authentication, the users will be presented with a login page hosted in the IdentityServer and will use the credentials managed within IdentityServer itself. In this scenario you are using IdentityServer as a STS and is the simplest to configure of the two options because it comes pre-configured this way.
The second option is a recent addition to IdentityServer and allows you to redirect your users to a trusted Identity Provider such as Google, Microsoft Live, Twitter, Facebook, etc. In this setup your IdentityServer is actually playing two WIF roles, 1) it is acting as the STS to your applications and 2) it is also acting as a Relying Party (RP) because it is "relying" on an Identity Provider (which is acting as a STS for your IdentityServer) for authentication tokens.
There are a couple things you have to keep in mind when going the Identity Provider route. First, the Identity Providers you use to authenticate with will probably need to be configured on their end to accept requests from your IdentityServer for authentication. This will include how that Identity Provider should redirect back to your IdentityServer. Second, you will need to configure the Identity Provider in your IdentityServer with the necessary information for IdentityServer to talk with the Identity Provider. Configuring your IdentityServer to use Identity Providers is not hard but it does require a bit more knowledge of how to talk with Identity Providers.
If you have the situation/need/desire to allow your users to choose an Identity Provider from two or more Identity Providers (which many sites are doing these days), then IdentityServer has you covered on that front as well with its Home Realm concept. In this setup when IdentityServer receives a request from your applications for an authentication token instead of being presented with an Identity Provider's login screen they will be presented a Identity Provider selection screen where the user will choose the provider they wish to log in with.
So, for example say you wanted to allow your users to use Google, Facebook, or ADFS to log into your application; with IdentityServer you can do this by configuring an Identity Provider for Google, Facebook, and ADFS on your IdentityServer. Then, when your users are redirected to you IdentityServer for authentication, they will first see a screen where they would choose either Google, Facebook, or ADFS and once doing so will be redirected to the login page for the Identity Provider they chose.
I wish I could go through all of the different options and configurations of IdentityServer but perhaps that can be for another day. Right now I wanted to touch on some of the basic but cool features provided by this product. If you decide you would like to use IdentityServer but need help installing or configuring it please feel free to contact me.
Now that we have discussed the concepts in WIF and seen a simple solution for implementing a STS, the next part to this series will be discussing how to set up your Relying Party applications. If you would like to be notified when the next part of this series is published just follow me (@mpyost) or my company (@yosttechies) on Twitter. As always, if there are any comments or questions feel free to post them to this blog entry or send them to me via email.
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If you ever need a refresher course on investigative persistence just tell a toddler "no" when they really want something. While most adults are able to accept no for an answer, a toddler sees this as an opportunity for discussion and to find the real reason they were told no. How do they do this? Well quite simple actually, they ask why and they don't stop asking why until they get to the root cause.
In the 1970's, Toyota made the 5 Why Strategy popular by making it a part of their Toyota Production System (should be noted that toddlers have been using it since the dawn of time). Since then, it has spread quickly to become one of the most popular problem-solving techniques used, helping organizations everywhere to get to the root cause of problems.
the basis for Toyota's scientific approach … by repeating why five times, the nature of the problem as well as its solution becomes clear.
The repetition of continuing to ask why is a question asking technique that explores cause and effect relationships that are underlying a particular problem. The number five is more of an average than a specific goal when you are attempting to find the root cause. In fact, it may only take a couple whys. Then again, it could take a dozen whys. The point is, you don't stop until you get to the base of the problem and a method to solve it, no matter how many times you have to ask why.
More times than not, when you ask why you don't get a dead end answer. Instead. you get a open ended answer that prompts your next why question and so on.
The 5 why strategy has been widely implemented in Lean and Six Sigma organizations, but is helpful in all types of day-to-day business life. Anytime problems involve human factors or interactions, asking why is the best place to start your problem solving efforts.
The important thing to remember when asking why is not to get caught up in assumptions or logical traps that end the question asking process. Always encourage staff to continue questioning and asking why until they have unfolded the true root cause.
Here is a simple example of what can happen when you use the 5 Why technique to solve a problem.
Problem: You were late for work this morning.
Why were you late for work this morning?
– Because I had to take my child to school.
Why did you have to take your child to school?
– Because he missed the bus.
Why did he miss the bus?
Why did he stay up late doing homework?
-Because he didn't do it when he got home from school.
Why did he not do it when he got home from school?
-Because he played a new video game he got instead.
We now know that the root cause of this "fictitious" person being late for work. His son played a new video game he recently received after school, instead of doing his homework. The clear answer to this person's problem is to throw away the video game and put the child in boarding school. Or, they could implement restrictions on game play and ensure rules about video games and homework are being followed. Either way, asking why helped get to the root cause.
For this particular problem it took six whys to get to the root cause, but you can see the process in action. Even though this was a simple problem to solve, you can clearly see how the repetition of the why question helps to dig deeper into your situation and allows for the root cause to unveil itself quickly.
For more information on the 5 Why strategy, check out the Gemba Academy's video on YouTube.


Anyone who's handled pallets must have heard about pallet collar at least once before. The collar is a recent development designed to accessorise pallets. It is a packing solution for storing and transporting goods of various sizes and provides products or assets with a measure of security during their shipment, storage, or transportation. There are benefits to using a collar – but first, let's get into the details of what it is, and what it's used for.
The pallet collar is an accessory for pallets. It consists of four to six pieces of wooden board that are connected by metal hinges. It creates a square frame that fits directly onto the pallet. It forms a perimeter for which products can be contained into the space framed by the collar. The hinges of the collar are collapsible, which means it can be laid flat for storage purposes. Some designs for the collar have hinges that can be unpinned entirely, as well, allowing it to be disassembled entirely.
This collar is beneficial for cost-cutting efforts. A warehouse's logistics budget can be considerable, and it's understandable for warehouse managers to do what they can to better allocate their budget. In line with this, the collar helps in many aspects.
The pallet collar can save space in a warehouse and during the transport of goods. When stacked to a height, it forms a box that can function as a container for products. Because it is stackable, it can be used to create boxes or containers of varying heights, making the collar customisable.
It can help in protecting products and the pallets themselves from damage, minimising repair and replacement costs. In creating a frame that covers the perimeter of a pallet, the corners of the pallet are protected, which extends to the products stored on the pallets. This means damage brought on by bumping into the products stacked on the pallet is minimised if not entirely avoided because the goods have a barrier protecting them from external contact.
The collar also helps in packing products more efficiently so that products occupy less space, lessening transportation costs as well. This box shape the collar forms can be compartmentalised, allowing for more versatility in terms of containing products or goods for shipment or storage. What this means for storage and transport is that products or goods that need to be packed separately can be placed in their compartments within the collar frame, ensuring that the utilisation of the space available on the pallet is maximised.
In summary, the pallet collar is a pallet accessory that is nonetheless just as versatile as the pallet itself. It provides excellent functionality and flexibility for shipment, storage, and transportation purposes. It also provides a tool for warehouse logistics efficiency, in turn helping minimise operation costs.
The pallet collar can do wonders for the warehouse. Consider investing in the pallet accessory for your warehouse today.


The southwestern Colorado town of Cortez is one of the finest archaeological centers in the US that is located between the world-famous Mesa Verde National Park and the magnificent Ute Mountain Tribal Park. Cortez or the Mesa Verde Country is extremely diverse and mesmerizes its visitors by offering nine national parks and monuments, mountains, mesas and national forests, recreation, relaxation and American Indian arts and crafts. The US city welcomes millions of tourists both Domestic and International every year. Book your Cortez vacation with our cheap flights to Cortez and get ready for a vacation like never before while saving big on flights to Cortez Colorado.
Summer is the best time to visit Cortez. But having said that, the period from March to July is the time with the highest number of tourists in the city, mainly for the exciting festivals and events held during this period and also the pleasant weather. Therefore travelers are advised to book their flights to Cortez well in advance.
Hawkins Preserve is a 122-acre piece of land within the confines of the southern city of Cortez and makes for an important asset for the visitors and the locals alike. It abounds with diverse plant and animal species represented across numerous biotic communities as well as valuable prehistoric cultural resources.
The Cortez Cultural Center situated in an early twentieth century historic building, comprises of large amount of data on archaeology and Native American culture. The center showcases exhibits on the Basket maker and Pueblo periods of the Ancestral Pueblo people. It also features displays from the Ute Mountain Ute, Pueblo, and Navajo tribes. Visitors can also explore the outdoor plaza featuring a Hogan, which is a traditional home of the Navajo people.
Mesa Verde National Park is situated in southwest Colorado. The Park is popularly known for its well-maintained Ancestral Puebloan cliff dwellings, which happens to be the huge Cliff Palace. It offers a fabulous insight into the lives of the Ancestral Pueblo people who made it their home for a period of more than 700 years. The park currently protects nearly 5,000 known archeological sites, which include 600 cliff dwellings. These sites are some of the most noteworthy and best preserved in the United States. Mesa Verde National Park was named a UNESCO World Heritage Site In 1978, for its exceptional archaeological significance.
Cortez being a great tourist hub is frequented by thousands of visitor every day. Catering to the busy urban life is the Cortez Municipal Airport (CEZ), with flights connecting Cortez to the rest of the world. Flights from Boutique Air are the most frequent flyers to Cortez. The airport is served by top major and domestic airlines offering flights to Cortez. As a popular travel destination, travelers are recommended to book their flight to Cortez Colorado well in advance as last minute flights to Cortez can be expensive.
Apart from our cheap flight tickets to Cortez, our team of travel experts have come up with ways which we have acquired over the years to help you save even more on your Cortez airfares. Below are some easy tips to help enjoy extra savings on round trip flights to Cortez.
The number role to save on flight to Cortez is booking in advance. Book your flight at least six weeks in advance.
Visit Cortez during the low season. March to May and September to November are the months when flight tickets to Cortez are cheapest.
Keep your travel dates flexible. This will aid you in getting a cheaper round trip flights to Cortez.
If you can spare time, booking flights with single or multiple stops can greatly help you grab cheap one way flights to Cortez.


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20 tips for RWA Members
Posted in Property Market Trends On May 13, 2021
Right when one thought that perhaps, the curve may have flattened and Coronavirus cases would reduce, the series of curfews that several states have imposed in various parts of the country, as of April 2021, only goes to show that it is definitely not the time to be careless about your safety and that of your family's.
As per fresh reports, there has been a 150% jump in Corona cases and prime minister Narendra Modi, over a virtual meeting, has directed states to take stringent measures, to avoid a 'second peak' of the pandemic. States have also been urged to increase their vaccination centres and reduce any kind of vaccine wastage. At present, Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh are among the worst-affected states, as are 70 other districts across India.
Total cases Recovered Deaths Currently infected
16,03,80,423 13,81,69,621 33,33,141 1,88,77,661
Source: As on May 12, 2021, courtesy Worldometer
Over 131 million people globally have been caught in the grip of the Coronavirus, while over 2.8 million have lost their lives. World-over, schools have been closed for varying periods, as have gyms, swimming pools, cinema halls, parks and such other social areas, where people come together. In the case of India, after a complete lockdown announced in March through May 2020, the lockdowns were lifted progressively, in a bid to gradually revive the economy. Offices also tried experimenting with the work-from-home method and housing societies have seen people staying indoors.
With newer COVID strains, such as VUI–202012/01, which is reported to be 70% more transmissible than COVID-19, scientific researchers worldwide are studying its virulence and severity. All of this comes at a time, when India and the world have not quite emerged from the deadly Coronavirus.
Coronavirus in India: Latest numbers
Location Total cases Recovered Deaths Currently infected
India 2,33,40,938 1,93,82,642 2,54,225 37,09,551
Source: Worldometer
Pandemics, such as the Coronavirus, call for preparedness and not panic. While offices experiment with the work-from-home model or the hybrid model, most of our readers may be safe at home. At such a juncture, housing societies have an important role to play. Housing societies and apartment complexes are bringing in rules to ensure that every family is safe. Take for example, Prestige St Johnswood in Bengaluru. As per its rules, this society has asked every resident to self-declare if he/she suspects or is tested positive for COVID-19. Not just government and medical officials, housing societies too are insisting that strict measures should be followed. Here is a guide to help you navigate these uncertain times.
1. Rules to follow if you are suspecting a coronavirus infection
Housing.com reached out to Dr Gaurav Singh, Senior Medical Officer, Central Hospital, Central Coalfields Ltd and Ex-Resident, AIIMS Bhubaneshwar, to help our readers with medical solutions. "Those who do not have the symptoms but were exposed to an infected person should go in for quarantine. This is different from self-isolation. The latter is for those who are already sick. You isolate yourself so that you do not pass on the infection to anyone else. It is recommended for a period of 14 days when a sick person should refrain from going outside the house or using public transport. If you need medicines, get them delivered to your home and don't run unnecessary errands." The self-isolation period can stretch depending on how long the person is showing the symptoms.
2. Rules to be followed by family members of a person infected by Coronavirus
"Minimum interaction is the key but it is not totally possible especially if you are living as a family," says Dr Ratneshwar Prasad Singh, Communicable Diseases Officer at Sadar Hospital, Chhapra. He has the following advice for such families:
Only one family member should help the infected person if the latter needs help.
Do not handle the used-clothes of such a patient directly with your hands. Do not wash these in the washing machine along with clothes of other family members.
Use a sanitiser before and after meeting the infected person. Change your clothes if they have touched you by mistake.
In case a family member is tested positive for COVID-19, it is important that all other family members also quarantine themselves for a period of 14 days even though there may not be any symptoms. If there are symptoms, immediately get yourself tested too.
All items and surfaces touched by the infected person should be disinfected. This includes table, chairs, shelves, toilets, clothes, utensils, etc.
Separate personal care items like soaps, shampoo, towels. Do not use the same bathrooms, if possible.
Self-declare the condition to your housing society or neighbours so that you do not have any visitors during such a period.
Additionally, if possible an isolation room in your house should also be equipped with gloves, hair cover, masks, gowns, hand-rubs, liquid soap, single-use towels, disinfectants and surface cleansers, large disposable bags with instructions on it to be handled with precaution. In case of an emergency, call on the coronavirus helpline number in your state for the way forward.
The right way to wash the clothes of an infected family member
As mentioned above, you must wash and dry the clothes and linen of an infected family member, separately. The WHO advisory says that one must use heavy-duty gloves before handling these clothes. Ensure that such clothes do not brush against your body or clothing and that these are bundled up in a separate leak-proof bag or bucket, if you intend to clean them at a later stage.
In case of any bio-medical waste or vomit, dispose of the waste, before putting the clothes for wash. Machine wash at 60 to 90 degrees Celsius is recommended by the WHO. Hot water is preferable. Note that you should use a stick to stir and soak the clothes in hot water and avoid any kind of splashing.
Soaking dirty linen in 0.05% chlorine for half an hour is advisable. After washing, make sure you have adequately cleaned yourself and washed your hands well.
3. Rules for other residents in the housing society to help prevent spread of Coronavirus
"First of all, there is no need to panic. If you are maintaining a social distance, there are least chances of an infection," says Dr Gaurav. For housing society residents who are in the know of an infected person or a suspected case near them, the following steps should be taken:
Do not visit or come in contact with anyone who has a recent history of having travelled back from a corona-affected region.
If you have, by chance, come into contact and show certain symptoms, quarantine yourself till you feel alright and the lab results are negative.
Avoid assemblies and congregation to maintain a safe distance from other people.
Depending upon your state authority, if COVID-19 cases are being reported from a particular colony, town, settlement, the district administration may even ask to seal the area, bar entry and exits, ban vehicular movement in the area, initiate passive and active surveillance, designate certain buildings for isolation. If you feel that this must be done, do not hesitate to inform the authorities.
4. Expectations from housing society residents to help prevent spread of Coronavirus
Dr Nileena Koshy, Additional Professor of Community Medicine at Government Medical College, Manjeri, Kerala, says "A stand-still is not possible but should be adhered to as much as possible." While housing society residents continue to inhabit the neighbourhood, there are some tips you should follow to ensure that you are not traumatising the family in any way.
Do not ostracise an affected family. It is harassment and causes trauma to everyone in the family.
You can always help by giving provisions or any medical supply, to the family. Just leave it at their doorstep. Don't enter the premises.
Quarantine is just physical isolation. Do keep in touch with the family by means of other mediums such as WhatsApp or phone calls.
Respect their need for privacy.
"In cultures where social-distancing is common, such as in Singapore, the coronavirus outbreak can be checked. It is not so easy in India where people like to meet and greet closely. Therefore, quarantine and self-isolation may be difficult but should not be ignored," emphasises Koshy.
5. Tips to use common utilities to help prevent spread of Coronavirus
Delhi's Mayur Vihar I, Pocket 1, Resident Welfare Association's vice-president Man Mohan Singh says that their staff is monitoring the use of common areas and facilities in the locality. It is advisable that:
Playgrounds with swings and slides should be closed temporarily so that children who are at home these days are not tempted to use these.
Indoor sports areas, gyms, common yoga or meditation rooms should not be frequented now.
Avoid going to clubhouses even if it is within your society.
Do not use common taps, public washrooms and toilets as much as possible.
If your apartment/building is provided with lift, restrict the use. If that is not possible, ensure that you are using a handrub or a sanitiser immediately after.
Ensure that reception areas or lounges within such societies should be used only if necessary. Ensure that the housekeeping staff are in proper gear to clean such areas.
Medicial and other waste from an infected person should not be dumped in open dumping grounds either. Alert sanitation workers and secure the waste in multiple bags so that the workers do not come in contact with these. Unfortunately, while some societies insist on segregating bio-degradable, non-degradable and medical waste, some others do not. This prevents thorough treating of infectious waste.
Be careful while using or handling milk bags, elevator buttons, door knobs, door bells, newspapers, car doors, counters at shops, couriers, shared cabs, public transport, shoes, garden seats, grocery items, currency notes, ATMs, etc. It has been estimated that coronavirus can live on certain surfaces up to three days and therefore, it is better not to take risks.
6. A code of conduct to be practised in society premises to help prevent the spread of Coronavirus
Do not assemble in large groups, postpone any celebration your housing society might have planned.
Ensure that kids are taught about hygiene. Give them alternative play options at home or engage them in creative and entertaining ways.
Make hand-washes, masks, easily available for visitors and household helps.
Ask your local body to fumigate and disinfect your premises. Make sure that workers carrying out this task are well-protected and in proper gear.
To make more residents and visitors aware, you could also try putting banners and pamphlets sharing dos and don'ts during the outbreak of such a pandemic.
Residents must be transparent about their health condition. If there is a suspected/sure case of coronavirus, make sure that the person is quarantined and outsiders (maids, drivers, delivery people, visitors) maintain a safe distance.
To each his own – carry your own plate, glass, spoons, bottles whenever necessary. This should be communicated to housekeeping and maintainance staff at your housing society. If they have been in the habit of sharing such vessels, this may not be the right time to continue doing so.
Be kind to your neighbours. Transparency should be expected not just from others. If you suspect that you may be down with coronavirus, quarantine yourself and stay isolated for two weeks. You could also alert others in the society to avoid visiting you.
7. Some general suggestions to help prevent the spread of Coronavirus
a) Avoid over interaction: You may want to restrict yourself from visiting others at this point of time as not just you but other families too may want to take a social-break. Authorities have pointed out that social distancing is the need of the hour and it is in everyone's interest that families in your housing/apartment complex stick to this public health advisory for now. b) Keep the elderly at home safe: If you have an elderly at home who was used to morning and evening walks, create alternatives for them at home to exercise so that their contact with outsiders is lesser. c) Educate the underprivileged: Domestic helps, security guards, your grocery vendor, newspaper vendor, delivery boys, etc., must be educated about the importance of personal hygiene. Usually, in large apartment complexes, one part-time domestic help may be working in three to four households. In such cases, even if you have ensured personal hygience, there is a high chance that your domestic help may contract the disease from elsewhere if the other family hasn't been as careful as you.
Use Aarogya Setu to fight COVID-19
The authorities have leveraged technology to fight the pandemic through the Aarogya Setu app. Going forward, the government insists that this app will be made mandatory for use and as more and more people use it, its accuracy and effectiveness will increase. As of May 22, 10.96 crore Indians are using the Aarogya Setu app. The app gives daily updates on COVID-19 status in cities, as well as alerts you about your health situation post a self-assessment that you can do through the app.
On contact tracing of an infected person, the app gets the information and without revealing the identity of the infected person, the government of India may contact persons that may have come in touch with the infected. This is only for administrative intervention so that identifying hotspots and possible containment zones and red zones is easier. All information is kept secure and confidential. The app may also help you secure an e-pass. Housing societies must encourage the use of this app by all residents and domestic helps, maintenance staff and everyone around you.
See also: All about the Aarogya Setu app in India's fight against the Coronavirus
8. RWAs can impose measures, cannot stigmatise residents, to help prevent the spread of Coronavirus
Delhi's Mayur Vihar I, Pocket 1, Resident Welfare Association's vice-president Man Mohan Singh says that the RWA body is taking necessary steps to ensure that the risk is minimised. For example, security guards, maintenance staff and workers on the pay-roll of the association have been educated about hygiene. "We are not allowing outsiders in these premises for now. All the staff is our own and we are also urging residents to use the facilities that are provided within the society. There are many who hire private sanitation workers. As a result, there are too many outsiders coming in. This is a potential risk. We have urged residents to use the services of East Delhi Municipal Corporation (EDMC). EDMC vans for garbage collection frequent all lanes every day." What if an infected person or their family refuses to follow the quarantine rules? "Fortunately, we have not had to tackle this situation yet but we can take extreme steps like disconnecting services to the particular house, if need be. Such families can be a potential health risk for others," Singh says. Aditya Pratap, advocate, Bombay High Court, differs. He says that individuals should adhere to public health guidelines but the freedom to restrict people's movement is only with the statutory authorities. This is a pandemic and it requires urgent measures but RWAs should exercise power in conjunction with the law. They can definitely intimate the police and the health authorities but on their own, RWAs cannot take any forceful action against individuals/families. They can impose measures but not stigmatise."
9. How can the law help you enforce the prevention of COVID-19 guidelines?
Advocate Pratap gives the following advice:
If you suspect that someone in your housing society may be a COVID-19 positive case, you can report it to the police or health officials. If it doesn't turn out to be correct, it will not be taken an offence on your side since it was in true faith that you had decided to do so. However, make sure that you convey that your action is based on a suspicion. Let authorities take the next step.
Anyone publishing the identity and details of a suspected case or a confirmed case with malicious intent will be regarded as violating the privacy of the person and is liable for a defamation case. Only statutory authorities have the right to publish such details. Section 72 of the Information Technology Act, 2000 states that breach of privacy and confidentiality can amount to up to two years of imprisonment or a penalty of Rs 1 lakh or both. Therefore, if you have access to any electronic content, register, record, document, information, etc., and leak it without the consent of the concerned person, it is an offence.
10. The Epidemic Diseases Act, 1897
Provisions of the Epidemic Diseases Act, 1897 has been brought in to combat COVID-19 across many states. The provision helps authorities to put in place emergency steps to minimise the risk and spread of coronavirus in this case. Note that apart from such steps, the Act also empowers authorities to take action in the following cases:
Any person disobeying regulations or orders issued under this act shall be punished under Section 188 of the Indian Penal Code. Know of someone like this? Approach the authorities.
No legal proceedings shall lie against any person for any action that has been done under the provisions of this Act. However, ensure that you are not misusing this privilege.
The Disaster Management Act, 2005 (to bring into action immediate steps to check the pandemic's outbreak) and the Essential Commodities Act, 1955 (to prevent hoarding, black-marketing of essential items like masks and sanitisers) have also been invoked.
11. Coronavirus vaccination in India
To prevent a 'second peak' of the Coronavirus pandemic, PM Modi has urged states to focus on vaccination. Now, those above 18 years of age, can also get the vaccine. However, even after the vaccination, the same rules of social distancing and personal hygiene remain as important as before. Recently, the Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation has issued a detailed guideline, permitting housing societies to tie up with private hospitals/ COVID vaccination centres (CVC) to hold these drives on their premises, subject to the availability of stocks. Following are the guidelines that have to be followed:
*A registered private COVID Vaccination Center can manage the vaccination at housing societies. One of their senior staff will be appointed as a 'Nodal Officer' to coordinate and support vaccination activities. This Nodal Officer shall oversee and facilitate all aspects of vaccination like registration of beneficiaries, availability of physical and IT infrastructure and oversight to the vaccination, etc.
*It will be mandatory for the beneficiaries to be registered in the Co-WIN portal before vaccination. The PCVC Nodal Officer shall ensure the registration of all targeted beneficiaries.
*The information of all such linked housing societies will be given in detail to the local health authority (respective ward MOH) & EPI. These registered housing societies shall act as a sub-center of the PCVC.
*Availability of three rooms as waiting, vaccination and observation rooms at the housing society's CVC will be mandatory.
*Minimum eligible number of registered beneficiaries (multiples of 10) and sessions can be planned for optimal utilisation of vaccine dosage and to reduce wastage.
*The most important thing will be the availability of an ambulance at the sub-vaccination site and along with linkages to the nearby health facility for the management of AEFI.
*It is mandatory for the management of the housing society to take responsibility for arranging adequate rooms/space for vaccination.
*It will also be mandatory for all housing societies to have an anaphylaxis kit for management of any adverse event and they need to quickly report the event to the nearest health facility (AEFI Management Centre).
*Deployment of basic life support (BLS) ambulance at the housing society shall be utilised for shifting beneficiaries during the adverse event, if any.
*It will be mandatory for these housing societies to ensure sessions are conducted as per the type of vaccinations. The second dose and first dose should not be mixed up and should be administered in different sessions, to avoid mix-ups.
*The PCVC nodal officer shall be responsible for providing a printed copy of the vaccination certificate both, after the first and second doses, to the beneficiary, on-site, after vaccination.
12. Government advisory for residential complexes
Recently, the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare released an advisory for gated residential complexes, in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic. Stating that residents' welfare associations (RWAs) have a significant role to play in preventing the Coronavirus disease, the release gave some tips as listed below:
Residential complexes must create awareness through posters, standees and AV media.
Sanitisers must be made available for all, at the entry points.
Thermal screening of all staff and visitors, which includes vendors, domestic help and car cleaners, is a must.
Safe distance of six ft should be maintained in public areas.
Get-togethers and gatherings should be avoided.
Seating in gardens and parks should be placed, keeping in mind social distancing norms.
Elevators should not be crowded and the number of people who can use it at a time must be restricted and defined.
Residential complexes and their premises and common areas should be regularly sanitised.
RWAs must encourage residents to inform the authorities about their symptoms.
RWAs must also disseminate central or state government advisories to the residents, through social media and chat groups.
In case of health emergencies, the RWA should be prepared to assist the resident to the nearest healthcare provider.
Fake news regarding COVID-19 and myths, stigma, rumours around the same must be addressed by the RWA.
If possible, the RWA must maintain and manage availability of masks, pulse oximeter, sodium, hypochlorite solution, soaps and water supply in common areas, OTC drugs like paracetamol, ORS, etc.
In case an RWA meets the conditions and guidelines laid out by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, they can set up a COVID Care Facility for residents.
13. Rules set by BMC for housing societies in Mumbai
Given the tremendous increase in the number of cases across Maharashtra, the Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation (BMC) has issued a list of dos and don'ts for residents of COVID-affected housing complexes, to check the spread of the virus. Here is what you need to do:
Residents must inform about a positive case
Inform the facilities/society office security as soon as a positive case has been reported via WhatsApp or email.
COVID identification
A notice will be affixed on the door of the COVID-positive patient, indicating the start and end date of the quarantine, along with a cross (X) tape to indicate a flat which has a COVID-19 positive resident. Residents should retain this till the end of the quarantine period.
Outsiders not allowed
Residents must stop calling maids/outsiders. Sending children to play or using any common area, as soon as symptoms appear and COVID-19 is suspected/test planned, is also prohibited.
Strict quarantine
Residents from a COVID-19 affected flat (even if he/she has a negative report) are not allowed to use common areas like landing area on each floor, lifts, stilt or podium.
Use of common spaces
If residents want to move out of their COVID-19 affected flats within the complex/outside, the society office should be informed and a mail should be sent to the society's email ID. The housing society will, in turn, need to keep the BMC informed. Any resident who does so without the written consent of the society, will be seen as violating the society and COVID-19 norms and will be reported to the competent authorities for necessary action.
Under quarantine, even if you move homes
Even if a COVID-19-positive inmate of a flat has moved to another flat, the original flat and its original residents will be considered to be under quarantine for seven days. The inmates of the original flat are prohibited from moving out for seven days. A test may be taken on the fifth/sixth day and a COVID-19 negative report needs to be furnished, for the said resident(s) to move out. This is mandatory according to the BMC rules and failure to do so will attract penal action from within the society and a report for violation of quarantine shall be made to the competent authorities.
Movement prohibited
Any resident listed as a member of the said flat shall be deemed to be under quarantine as per BMC norms. Inmates of the flat, which is declared to be under quarantine, are prohibited from moving into other residential flats within the complex, to prevent the possibility of spread, even if they have tested negative.
Only lab technicians/BMC officials will be allowed inside a flat. Security has to be informed in this case so that the floor can be sanitised. Only special emergency cases like hospital admission of self / other residents in the said flat will be allowed to leave the house. Security needs to be informed so that the floor can be sanitised.
Rules for domestic help
Residents are also not allowed to call maids or visitors during the quarantine period. Security has to be informed about the maid working there. Any special request has to be discussed with the society office bearers. The maid working in the said flat prior to the positive result will have to be compulsorily quarantined for a period of seven days. She will not be able to work in other households as well. He/she will be allowed after producing a negative COVID (RT-PCR) test at the gate.
A box will be kept outside the flat, and the residents have to place the garbage (both dry and wet separately) only in these boxes. This is to identify the boxes, as BMC collects these separately. Residents are requested to seal the bags and put a red mark (tape/sketch pen/sticker) for identification. Ensure that garbage is kept only prior to the collection time and not overnight.
Couriers/parcels
Security will deliver couriers/boxes to the flat every day. Please note that this service will be provided only twice a day to limit exposure of the security and also their limited bandwidth. Residents are requested to plan meals/couriers accordingly and have two fixed slots between which these will be delivered to the flat.
Security will be able to accommodate only special requests like delivery of medicines as an exception to the above. This has to be discussed with society office bearers before being implemented.
14. RWA's role, in case a resident tests positive for COVID-19
Besides the immediate family, the RWA too has a role to play, in case a member tests positive for the Novel Coronavirus. RWAs must ensure the following:
Encourage residents to self-report and facilitate tests, isolation and quarantine of infected person/s.
Counsel, guide and support affected individuals or families, with more focus on those living alone.
Undertake risk assessment to manage the case further.
Avoid any kind of stigma against those in quarantine or isolation.
If the residential complex is in a containment zone, the RWA must cooperate and follow guidelines such as facilitating house-to-house search by healthcare professionals, identify the aged or co-morbid patients, ensure all homes have access to surveillance by the medical team, etc.
15. Advisory on use of ACs in public/common areas
The Central Public Works Department (CPWD) emphasises the following, while using air-conditioners in common or public areas:
The temperature setting should be in the range of 24-30 degrees.
Relative humidity range should be 40%-70%.
Recirculation of air is not recommended, avoid it as much as possible.
Encourage cross-ventilation and intake of fresh air.
16. General advisory from the Ministry
Persons above 65 years of age and under 10 years of age should be encouraged to stay at home and meet people/guests, only if very necessary.
Physical distancing of six ft is compulsory for everyone.
Face covers or masks are compulsory.
Wash your hands with soap and water for at least 40-60 seconds, even if the hands are not seemingly unclean.
Use sanitisers for 20 seconds, whenever required.
Cover your mouth and nose when you sneeze and always use a tissue, handkerchief or in the absence of these, flex your elbow to minimise the risk of transmission.
Everyone should monitor their health and do not shy away from reporting it to the district or state helpline number.
Spitting in public places is prohibited.
The Aarogya Setu app must be used by all.
17. List of 10 things to avoid during Coronavirus
Do not self-medicate or suggest medicines to others.
Do not rely upon carelessly-stitched home-made masks.
Do not speak over the phone in public spaces without your masks on.
Do not buy just about any sanitiser or product that guarantees total protection.
Do not overuse sanitisers. When at home, prefer soap and water.
Do not wear masks of other family members.
Do not let children wear ill-fitting masks and protection gear.
Do not wait for another person in public spaces, especially in hospitals, convenience shops or supermarkets.
Do not hide your condition, if you suspect COVID-19, from lab technicians, your domestic help and others who visit you frequently.
Do not violate home quarantine rules if you have a family member who has just come home from another city or country.
Other important things to know
18. Strategies to adopt, post-lockdown
As of June 26, 2020 there were close to five lakh COVID-positive cases in India with Delhi, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, West Bengal, Madhya Pradesh, Haryana and Telangana being the most affected. While several states are lifting their lockdowns in phases, it is important to follow the rules in the same spirit, as during the lockdown.
If you are stepping out of your home for work:
Many government and private offices are functional now and working at 33%-50% capacity. If you happen to step out for work, remember the following:
Do not leave your home without your mask and sanitiser.
Download the Aarogya Setu app, as you may be asked to show your safety status at your workplace.
If you fear exposure to the virus, it may be advisable to use face shields, gloves, PPE, etc.
Treat all the safety and protective clothing as biohazards and air dry these or keep it aside, away from other members of the family.
Do not touch, hug or hold any family member upon your return and wash your clothes and take a shower.
Follow quarantine protocols if you are visiting or have a visitor.
19. Are young people less likely to be affected by Coronavirus?
The WHO advises all age groups to be equally cautious. Both, the aged and the youth, can be infected by the COVID-19 virus. However, those who have pre-existing medical conditions, whether old or young, are more at risk than others and can become severely ill. Therefore, all must be conscious of their hygiene and take precautions to protect themselves from the Coronavirus.
20. Difference between quarantine, social distancing and isolation
Although sometimes used interchangeably, these terms are different and should be used according to the circumstances. Refer to the table below:
Term Meaning When to use
Quarantine Restrict the movement of people who may have been exposed to the Coronavirus, to confirm whether they are developing symptoms. For example, Anil has returned from a foreign trip and has met Vikas. Vikas develops some symptoms. In this case, both, Anil and Vikas, should be quarantined.
Social distancing Also understood as physical distancing, it is used to reduce the risk of transmission. It is a precautionary measure, which involves maintaining a six-ft distance from another person, especially those outside your family. This should not be confused with cutting off social ties. If you are out to buy essentials, maintain a six-ft distance from the next person in the queue or while walking or talking to someone else.
Isolation Used to separate the infected person from those who have not contracted the Coronavirus. Anil is tested for COVID-19 and is a positive case. He is isolated in a COVID-care facility or isolated at home, away from all other family members.
21. Coronavirus and individual responsibility
45-year-old Satyendra Malik, who lives in east Delhi, says that there are a number of people who come out of their homes, without wearing masks. "They could be a potential threat to others, especially elders who take a stroll in the evenings. Some complain of breathing difficulty and therefore avoid the mask. They are not just putting themselves at risk but others, as well," says Malik adding that in his housing society, representatives are also discussing other pain points, including the risk from asymptomatic carriers, those who do not use the Aarogya Setu app and people with pre-existing medical conditions. There have also been instances of people hiding their health status in the self-assessment section of the Aarogya Setu app, simply to avoid giving out their data, he says.
22. Common terms associated with Coronavirus
Terms Meaning
Antibody It is a blood protein that your immune system makes, in response to the virus. These antibodies are specific to the pathogen (virus). If you have the antibodies for the Coronavirus, it means you have been exposed to the virus and your immune system can protect you from being harmed by it.
Community spread When a COVID-19 positive case is detected but its origin cannot be confirmed, community spread is said to have started. Usual origins are travel or contact with an infected person.
Comorbidity Those with comorbidity (that is, having more than one disease at a time such as diabetes, high blood pressure, heart-related ailments, etc.) are at a higher risk of Coronavirus. If infected, such cases could turn sensitive.
Containment Those infected or an area with a large number of COVID-19 cases, may be contained or isolated, to limit the outbreak of the disease. It is usually a strategy resorted to by the authorities to check the virus' spread. An individual can be contained in a dedicated COVID care hospital. A sensitive zone can be contained or sealed.
COVID pneumonia Air sacs in the lungs of an infected person may be filled with fluid or pus due to inflammation, leading to low levels of blood oxygen. Severe cases may also cause harm to the brain or heart.
Herd immunity When a large number of people are immune to the Coronavirus, either because of a vaccine or because they have developed resistance. It is estimated that at least 94% of the population should be immune, in order to limit person-to-person transmission of measles. The number is unknown for Coronavirus, as it is a new type of virus.
Immunocompromised Used to refer to those who have a weak immunity. Their white blood cell count is lower and they may have other diseases such as cancer, diabetes, or other ailments that make it harder for their immune system to fight Coronavirus.
Incubation The time duration between exposure to the Coronavirus and developing symptoms.
Intubation Severely infected people who are unable to breathe may need intubation. A flexible tube is inserted into the trachea through the mouth and connected to the ventilator for artificial support.
Flattening the curve Refers to the health strategy adopted by the government to limit the spread of the Coronavirus, over time. It is represented visually in a graph that over time shows that fewer people need intensive healthcare to overcome the risks posed by the Coronavirus.
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Arise and become all that God has purposed you to be!
Arise comes from the old English word ārīsan, which means to emerge—to come into being and arise from (or out of) conflict, uncertainty, confusion and/or difficulties. It means to take action—to stand up and move beyond your immediate circumstances.
Every woman has the potential to arise and develop her unique potential. The goal of this 7 week workshop is to position women to rise above their immediate circumstances and live extraordinary lives in spite of the difficulties that they may be experiencing.
Together, we strive to identify, understand, and overcome the relational, emotional and/or spiritual obstacles that are hindering a person's potential.
This workshop is intensive, but it is also life changing. There are weekly sessions, a group forum for support, a print workbook, and a detailed summary sheet that corresponds with each session. In addition, there is ongoing personal teaching, mentoring, and support to ensure personal growth and success.


text:
Janet Biggs
WET EXIT, 2011
Brooklyn Bridge Park, Brooklyn, NY
Public art project presented by Smack Mellon and Brooklyn Bridge Park.
My Role: Curator / Produced multimedia event and managed logistics of live outdoor performance.
ARTNET - Wetness Visible
L Magazine - Ten Must-Sees at This Weekend's DUMBO Arts Festival 2011
Brooklyn Daily News - DUMBO's art weekend turns a neighborhood into a gallery
Biggs merges the fierce athleticism of battling kayaks with pounding drum beats and the siren-like lament of a violin, cello and vocalist. Taking its title from the term used to describe an emergency exit from a capsized kayak, WET EXIT looks at loss, desire, chaos and control in the face of extreme situations. Musicians and kayak polo players perform against the backdrop of lower Manhattan's post 9/11 skyline while the audience watches from amphitheater seating at The Cove Between the Bridges in the Brooklyn Bridge Park.
Projected video images from Biggs' recent expedition to film kayaks in the Arctic are combined with live synchronized kayaks as they define a dance of survival strategies. In the struggle to maintain control amongst the fraying fabric of a society in peril, known patterns are repeated and individuals search for second chances.
The piece opens with lights searching the night sky and a lone violinist playing on the shore. The chords he plays mimic the sound of an air raid siren. Video images from the Arctic appear on a large-scale screen. Lights come up on four kayaks and a drummer poised behind his drums out in the water. The drummer and his kit float on a boat anchored off shore. The kayaks perform a series of synchronized movements to the strains of a waltz. A train speeds across the Manhattan Bridge. Its deafening sound sends the drummer, violinist, cellist, and vocalist into a frenzied performance as the ballet-like movements of the kayaks becomes a battle of spins and speed.
Janet Biggs is known primarily for her work in video, photography and performance. She lives and works in New York City. She has captured such events as speeding motorcycles on the Bonneville Salt Flats, horses galloping on treadmills, Olympic synchronized swimmers in their attempts to defy gravity, and kayaks performing a synchronized ballet in Arctic waters.
She received her undergraduate degree from Moore College of Art, and pursued graduate studies at Rhode Island School of Design. Her work has been exhibited, among other institutions, at the Herbert F. Johnson Museum of Art, Ithaca, NY; Everson Museum of Art, Syracuse, NY; Gibbes Museum of Art, South Carolina; Rhode Island School of Design Museum; Kunst Museum Bonn; MACRO (Museo d'Arte Contemporanea di Roma); Vantaa Art Museum, Finland; Linkopings Konsthall, Passagen, Sweden; Oberösterreichisches Landesmuseum, Austria; and the Perth Institute of Contemporary Arts, Australia.
Reviews of her work have appeared in the New York Times, The New Yorker, Artforum, ARTNews, Art in America, Flash Art, Artnet.com, and many others.
Biggs is the recipient of numerous grants including the Electronic Media and Film Program at the New York State Council on the Arts Award, the Arctic Circle Fellowship/Residency, Art Matters, Inc., the Wexner Center Media Arts Program Residency, the Anonymous Was a Woman Award, and the NEA Fellowship Award. Her work is in public collections including the High Museum, Atlanta, Georgia; the Herbert F. Johnson Museum of Art, Cornell University, Ithaca; Mint Museum of Art, Charlotte, North Carolina; Gibbes Museum of Art, South Carolina; and the New Britain Museum of Art, Connecticut.
Janet Biggs is represented by Conner Contemporary Art, Washington, DC, and Winkleman Gallery, New York City.


Canadian breeder/owner of top winning champions and wonderful companions. Puppies from health tested parents are sometimes for sale.
We breed about 1-2 litters a year. Our puppies are born and raised in the house.
Producing dogs for show, hunting, obedience, or companions. Photograph gallery, pedigrees, litter announcements, and show news.


text:
Q: How to only execute a function once in Javascript? I have an if else statement in my main function, when the if statement is true I want to continue another function inside the if statement.
However the if statement stays true until a transaction is confirmed, which leads to retrigger the 2nd function to be executed more than once.
The buyToken function gets executed inside the if statement of the mempool function
   async function buyToken(){
      try{
      const value = '1000000000000000'
      const amountOut = await routerContract.getAmountsOut(value,[wbnb, tokenToFrontRun] )
      console.log(ethers.utils.formatEther(amountOut[0]))
      console.log(ethers.utils.formatUnits(amountOut[1], 9))

        const buy = await routerContract.swapExactETHForTokensSupportingFeeOnTransferTokens(
          0,
          [wbnb, tokenToFrontRun],
          address,
          Date.now() + 1000 *60*3,
          {
              'value':value,
              'gasPrice':ethers.utils.parseUnits('80', 'gwei'),
              'gasLimit':300000
          }
      )
          receipt = await buy.wait()
          console.log(receipt.transactionHash)
          return

        }catch(e){
          console.log(e)
        }
      }

    async function mempool(){
        provider.on("pending", async(tx)=>{
            const txInfo = await provider.getTransaction(tx);

            try{
              //console.log(txInfo.to)
              if(toChecksumAddress(txInfo.to) == routerAddress){
                console.log("to uniswap router")
                const iface = new ethers.utils.Interface(routerAbi);
                let decodedData = iface.parseTransaction({ data: txInfo.data});
                const valueSent = ethers.utils.formatUnits(txInfo.value, 'ether')
                const first = decodedData.args.path[0]
                const lastItem = decodedData.args.path
                const last = lastItem[lastItem.length -1]
                if(toChecksumAddress(first) == wbnb && toChecksumAddress(last) == tokenToFrontRun ){
                    console.log(txInfo);
                    console.log(ethers.utils.formatEther(txInfo.value))
                    console.log(ethers.utils.formatUnits(txInfo.gasPrice, 'gwei'))
                   // console.log(ethers.utils.formatUnits(txInfo.gasLimit, 'gwei'))
                    console.log(txInfo.confirmations)
                    console.log(txInfo.from)

                    console.log("front running transaction")
                    await buyToken()

                }

              }

            }
            catch (e){
              //console.log("no data to show");
              //console.log(e)
            }

        })
    }

    mempool()

So how can I make it so that the buyToken function is only executed once?
I know there are plenty of tutorials on w3schools, but this doesn't really help me in this case.

A: Define the buyToken function as an arrow function.
let buyToken = async () => {
   // your logic
}

Then in the event,
if (buyToken)
   await buyToken();
buyToken = null;

But, in ethers.js instead of using on, you can use once to call the method once.
So, in your case,
provider.once("pending", async(tx)=>{
   // your logic
})

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Seasoned Columbus diners have probably followed the chefs for years. Heaggans owned the Swoop! food truck and Bebe at the Hey Hey Bar & Grill, and led the kitchens at Flatiron Bar & Diner and The Rossi. Randazzo earned accolades as the owner of the Challah! food truck, which offered modern takes on Jewish-style deli fare. Most recently, the dynamic culinary duo launched Preston's: A Burger Joint while simultaneously building their new Brewery District restaurant.
Everyone who has followed faithfully—from the food trucks to the pop-ups to the crowdfunding—is excited to see the pair land a permanent home with Ambrose and Eve (named after Randazzo's grandparents). And of course, their culinary and familial histories shine through in the familiar but modern brunch and dinner menus.
Brunch feels like your favorite Saturday mornings as a kid: rich bowls of oatmeal with jam, creamy omelets and fluffy pancakes made with not just any milk but cereal milk. Meanwhile, dinner offers a comforting feast of classics like chicken and dumplings (actually ricotta gnudi and chicken ragout), Spaghetti-OHs (aka anelli Bolognese) and a bucket of fried chicken for sharing. All of it is given an elevated touch that feels like coming home and discovering the place for the first time.


text:
How have Colombia-FARC peace talks affected scale of conflict?
The FARC displaced roughly 50,000 people since peace talks began in 2012, according to a UN report. But the rebel group's role in driving overall violence in Colombia since 2012 isn't clear cut.
Ramon Espinosa/AP
Members of Colombia's government and Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) give a joint statement in Havana, Cuba, Dec. 3, 2014.
By Elyssa Pachico InSight Crime
David Gagne InSight Crime
A new United Nations report provides some sense of the scale of Colombia's conflict since rebel group the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) began peace talks with the government in 2012, even as negotiations remain in limbo following the capture of a military general in November.
Approximately 50,000 victims were displaced due to actions by the FARC rebel group from November 2012 to June 2014, according to a recent report by the UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (UNOCHA).
This figure represents roughly 17 percent of over 300,000 victims of displacement in Colombia during that period. Confrontations between the FARC and Colombian military accounted for an additional 27 percent of displacements.
Meanwhile, groups known as "BACRIM," from the Spanish acronym for "criminal bands," were responsible for 23 percent of displacements, and "other" groups were behind 30 percent, according to the UNOCHA report.
The UNOCHA report also included slightly different figures from Colombia's victims unit, known as the UARIV, which say that guerrilla groups – including both the FARC and the National Liberation Army (ELN) – were responsible for 48 percent of displacements; the BACRIM for 19 percent, and "unknown" actors for 31 percent.
The displacements were concentrated in the country's Pacific region, as well as the department of Antioquia.
Additionally, the UNOCHA report stated that since the peace talks began, 10.5 percent of Colombia's reported extortion cases were attributed to either the FARC or the ELN, without clarifying where this number is sourced from.
The report also stated that "one out of five" kidnappings in Colombia involve either theFARC or ELN, although common crime is responsible for the majority of cases – 76 percent.
When it comes to the question of whether the FARC have been the primary drivers of Colombia's conflict since the peace talks began, the figures from the UNOCHA report don't present a very clearcut answer. This isn't helped by the report's occasionally unclear explanations of where it sourced its statistics from.
Some of the figures sourced from the UNOCHA report could certainly be used to make the case that other actors besides the FARC remain major contributors to the conflict. Even if the FARC and the ELN are responsible for 48 percent of Colombia's displacements, put together, the BACRIM and "unknown" actors" are responsible for 50 percent, according to the UARIV figures quoted in the report.
Test your knowledge Think you know Latin America? Take our geography quiz.
https://www.csmonitor.com/World/Americas/Latin-America-Monitor/2014/1210/How-have-Colombia-FARC-peace-talks-affected-scale-of-conflict


text:
Blame It on the Thunderbird: New Album Out Now
By theorkneynews on February 12, 2020 • ( 1 Comment )
Blame It on the Thunderbird was released on Monday February 10th.
You can listen to a sample track here: Thunderbird Taster Shot
This release is the result of an ongoing collaboration between Keith Gooch and Eamonn Keyes, both Orkney based musicians with a lengthy pedigree going back over 40 years
Eamonn Keyes
Keith Gooch
Keith Gooch had been a long-standing stalwart of the London Rockabilly and Rock n' Roll scene, but also maintained a keen interest in Jazz, Blues and Roots music, playing in Orkney previously as a drummer with Tony Lee and as a vocalist with Blues outfit Smokestack 45.
Eamonn Keyes has been a gigging musician since the mid-1970s with over 35 years spent in recording and production, eventually touring as a sound engineer with supports to classic rock bands such as AC/DC, Whitesnake, Deep Purple, Thunder, The Who and Paul Rodgers.
The collaboration started after the release of Keith's solo 'Reggaenomics' CD, when Eamonn chanced to hear a Radio Orkney interview with Keith featuring a few musical snippets that stirred his interest because of Keith's marked individual approach.
He subsequently tracked Keith down, only to be told that by Keith that he wasn't interested in any collaboration because "I'm just too difficult to work with".
Despite this initial setback the duo continued to meet, and soon began working on Keith's rough sketches of songs, creating an original musical landscape for them over the next couple of years which eventually culminated in this 7 track CD.
The CD contains a variety of styles, from extensively produced tracks such as the title track Blame It on the Thunderbird to the stripped back live acoustic Keep Rollin' Right, recorded as it happened in Eamonn's living room.
The tracks all share the strong influence of Roots music, being tinged with Jazz- That Kinda Thing, Reggae-The Sun Goes Down, and the atmospheric swampy Delta/New Orleans Blues- Demi-Monde. There's also the Country tinged Rough Diamond Preacher and even Calypso with Sitting by the Bayou, which must surely be the happiest sounding sad song ever.
Keith's gravel-voiced vocals are the focal point, delivered like a veteran Delta Bluesman, and many of Keith's lyrics are derived from Jazz -associated jive talk, by which Keith recalls an era rich in its descriptive language and nature.
Several tracks also feature contributions from Orkney's own Fraser Retson, Captain of the Blues harmonica, and which enhance the atmosphere of the tracks.
Guitar, keyboard and programming duties fall to Eamonn Keyes, originally from Belfast and now permanently based in Kirkwall, where he is also currently recording and producing the new Electric Mother album.
Blame It on the Thunderbird is available in CD format from Grooves in The Old Library, Laing Street Kirkwall and will also be available as a digital download on iTunes, Apple Music, Google Play and Spotify.
Categories: Culture
Tagged as: Eamonn Keyes, Keith Gooch, Music
Sgathaich: Metroid Prime
Poetry Corner:The Scream
Pingback: Album Review: 'Blame It On The Thunderbird' – The Orkney News


Christians today need an understanding of, and more importantly, need experience of the Spirit in our lives if we hope to know God and follow Jesus.
Pentecostalism not withstanding, Evangelicals have focused on theology in order to respond to many of the modern philosophies of the past few centuries. Lost in this pursuit of knowledge, but more important than ever before in our postmodern environment, is a new awakening experience of the Spirit in the lives of Christians and in the life of the Church. Many of us know Paul's views on justification or salvation, but have we spent enough time focusing on his understanding of and experience of the Spirit? The answer for most is no.
Our series aims to re-awaken our imagination to the climax of the story of God's work in his people. He has, in the final times, renewed his presence with his people through his Spirit and has made them the people of the future, while they live radically different, empowered lives through the work of the Spirit. The Spirit works in the miraculous but more often in the mundane. He is with us at the core of who we are, reminding us of who Jesus is and bearing his fruit in the life of the church and in those who are a part of it.


Miami accidental injury attorneys symbolize victims of motor vehicle collisions, medical malpractice, product liability as well as other forms of accidental injury because of negligence or perhaps wrongdoing of another individual, company, government organization or any entity inside the state regarding Florida.
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Based upon the methodology posted here and using the sample set described here, as of January 2019 it appears that there are six ancestral Y-DNA lines in haplogroup J2 in the Ashkenazi Jewish population: (1) J2-L556; (2) J2-Z30390; (3)-(4) the J2-L254 and J2-FGC30508 subclusters of J2-FGC4992; (5) J2-BY268; and (6) J2-Z43500. Trees for each of those clusters are posted below.
The J2-L556 cluster follows the same pattern as many of the larger Ashkenazi clusters, with (1) a shared direct male ancestor dating back to about the second half of the first millenium CE, as evidenced by initial branching during that time frame; and (2) substantial branching within those subbranches dating back to about 700 years ago, when, according to an autosomal study, the Ashkenazi population began its massive expansion out of a 350-person bottleneck.
The J2-Z30930 cluster follows the same pattern as many of the larger Ashkenazi clusters, with (1) a shared direct male ancestor dating back to about the second half of the first millenium CE, as evidenced by initial branching during that time frame; and (2) substantial branching within those subbranches dating back to about 700 years ago, when, according to an autosomal study, the Ashkenazi population began its massive expansion out of a 350-person bottleneck.
Branching is shown here starting at the J2-FGC4992 level to indicate that the J-L254 and J-FGC30508 branches share a direct male ancestor, who presumably lived in the Near East.
The J2-L254 and J2-FGC30508 subclusters follow the same pattern as many of the larger Ashkenazi clusters, with (1) a shared direct male ancestor dating back to about the second half of the first millenium CE, as evidenced by initial branching during that time frame; and (2) substantial branching within those subbranches dating back to about 700 years ago, when, according to an autosomal study, the Ashkenazi population began its massive expansion out of a 350-person bottleneck.
The J2-BY268 cluster follows the same pattern as many of the larger Ashkenazi clusters, with (1) a shared direct male ancestor dating back to about the second half of the first millenium CE, as evidenced by initial branching during that time frame; and (2) substantial branching within those subbranches dating back to about 700 years ago, when, according to an autosomal study, the Ashkenazi population began its massive expansion out of a 350-person bottleneck.
The J2-Z43500 cluster follows the same pattern as many of the larger Ashkenazi clusters, with (1) a shared direct male ancestor dating back to about the second half of the first millenium CE, as evidenced by initial branching during that time frame; and (2) substantial branching within those subbranches dating back to about 700 years ago, when, according to an autosomal study, the Ashkenazi population began its massive expansion out of a 350-person bottleneck.
Upstream SNPs. The following SNPs in the table above (identified in red) are upstream from SNPs found in one or more Ashkenazi Y-DNA clusters: CTS7683, L210, L25, L70, M172, M410, M67, M92, PF5366, and PF5456.
Downstream SNPs that may reflect an Ashkenazi Y-DNA line. The following terminal SNPs in the table above (identified in blue) do not appear in the Ashkenazi Y-DNA trees posted above, but may reflect an Ashkenazi Y-DNA line: BY22607 and BY37765.
Other Reported Terminal SNPs in Haplogroup J. In addition to the SNPs identified above, the dataset includes one SNP (J-M304) which is ancestral to haplogroup J as a whole, and one SNP not identified by the materials consulted for this analysis as belonging to haplogroup J1 or J2.