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A Classic Holiday Viewing Guide for the Week of December 14, 2015
This week's classic Christmas movies include Miracle on 34th Street (1947) starring Natalie Wood and Edmund Gwenn.
There's a lot of holiday offerings on TV this week, so pop the popcorn and fire up the DVR for more classic movies, Christmas cartoons, and variety shows. Just a note: The highlighted titles have links to full-length articles.
Monday (Dec. 14, 2015)
'Twas the Night Before Christmas, 9 a.m. on ABC Family: This 1974 cartoon from Arthur Rankin and Jules Bass tells the story of a small town that has been taken off of Santa's Christmas list.
The Christmas Sonny and Cher Comedy Hour, 9 p.m. on getTV: The whole Bono family gets into the act in this holiday special, which features William Conrad reciting, "Yes Virginia, There Is a Santa Claus." This show will be repeated at 2 p.m. Friday and 10 a.m. Sunday.
The Merv Griffin Show Christmas Special, 10 p.m. on getTV: This 1965 show features singer Barbara McNair, TV mom Florence Henderson, and Jimmy Boyd singing "I Saw Mommy Kissing Santa Claus." This show will be repeated at 3 p.m. Friday and 11 a.m. Sunday.
Wednesday (Dec. 16, 2015)
Christmas With the King Family, 8 p.m. on getTV: The King Sisters were a popular sixties quartet, and this 1967 holiday special features the sisters and their families singing standards like "White Christmas" and "I'll Be Home for Christmas." This show will be repeated at 4 p.m. Friday and 6 a.m. and 5 p.m. Sunday.
Bing Crosby and the Sounds of Christmas, 9 p.m. on getTV: This 1971 special features appearances from the Mitchell Boys Choir, Robert Goulet, and the Crosby family. This show will be repeated at 5 p.m. Friday and 7 a.m. and 6 p.m. Sunday.
The Best of Andy Williams Christmas Shows, 10 p.m. on getTV: This compilation includes the best moments from Williams' shows from 1962 through 1973. This show will be repeated at 6 p.m. Friday and 8 a.m. and 4 p.m. Sunday.
Thursday (Dec. 17, 2015)
Babes in Toyland, 10 p.m. on TCM: This Walt Disney Christmas musical is rarely seen these days, but Leonard Maltin and TCM are bringing it out of the Disney vault for the holidays. The movie stars Ray Bolger, Tommy Sands, and Annette Funicello in a tale that takes place in a land of nursery rhymes.
Friday (Dec. 11, 2015)
Miracle on 34th Street, 7 p.m. on AMC: AMC is airing the original 1947 film about a young girl's (Natalie Wood) encounter with the real Kris Kringle (Edmund Gwenn) after her mother (Maureen O'Hara hires him to play Santa Claus in the Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade. This movie will be repeated at 2:15 p.m. Saturday.
A Christmas Carol, 9:15 p.m. on AMC: This 1984 adaptation of Charles Dickens' classic tale features George C. Scott as the miserly Ebenezer Scrooge. He is surrounded by a great cast of character actors, including Frank Finlay as the ghost of Jacob Marley and Roger Rees as Scrooge's nephew, Fred. This movie will be repeated at 4:30 p.m. Saturday.
White Christmas, 11:45 p.m. on AMC: This classic musical about a struggling inn in Vermont features Bing Crosby, Danny Kaye, Rosemary Clooney, and Vera-Ellen performing Irving Berlin tunes like "Count Your Blessings (Instead of Sheep)" and the title song. This movie will be repeated at 9 a.m. Saturday.
I'll Be Seeing You, 8 p.m. on TCM: TCM kicks off it's Friday night of Christmas movies with this hard to find drama starring Joseph Cotten and Ginger Rogers as two troubled souls in wartime America who fall in love during the holiday season.
Christmas in Connecticut, 9:30 p.m. on TCM: Barbara Stanwyck plays a homemaking columnist for a ladies' magazine who must bluff her way through a Christmas weekend in the country to please her demanding editor (Sydney Greenstreet). This movie has become a real holiday favorite in recent years thanks to frequent showings on TCM.
Remember the Night, 11:30 p.m. on TCM: This delightful comedy is the first onscreen pairing of Fred MacMurray and Barbara Stanwyck. He plays an assistant D.A. who falls in love with a shoplifter during the Christmas season and takes her home to meet his family.
Holiday Affair, 1:15 a.m. on TCM: This 1949 romantic comedy features Janet Leigh as a young woman who must choose between boring businessman Wendell Corey and charismatic ne'er do well Robert Mitchum (It really isn't much of a contest, is it?).
Bundle of Joy, 3 a.m. on TCM: This 1956 musical starring then married couple Eddie Fisher and Debbie Reynolds is a remake of Bachelor Mother (1939). Reynolds plays a shopgirl who finds a baby that everyone, including her boss (Fisher), assumes is hers.
Love Finds Andy Hardy, 4:45 a.m. on TCM: America's favorite teenager (Mickey Rooney) has his usual problems during the holiday season in this 1938 movie. He needs a date to the Christmas Eve dance, and $8 to purchase a used car (those were the days). This delightful film features all the Hardy regulars plus Ann Rutherford, Lana Turner, and Judy Garland.
Saturday (Dec. 20, 2015)
The Shop Around the Corner, 8 p.m. on TCM: This week's TCM Essentials pick is one of the great old Hollywood films. It centers around two bickering employees (James Stewart and Margaret Sullavan) at a Budapest notions shop who are carrying on a secret correspondence.
Sunday (December 20, 2015)
Scrooge, 8 a.m. on TCM: This 1970 musical adaptation of A Christmas Carol features Albert Finney as Scrooge and legendary actors Dame Edith Evans and Kenneth More as the ghosts who haunt him on one fateful Christmas Eve.
It Happened on 5th Avenue, 10 a.m. on TCM: This 1947 B-movie about a homeless bum (Victor Moore) and a World War II veteran (Don DeFore) who stay in a Manhattan mansion while it's owner is in the South was largely forgotten until it became a YouTube sensation in the 2000's and then began airing on cable TV.
Meet Me in St. Louis, noon on TCM: This Vincente Minnelli-directed film about a middle-class family's life in turn of the century St. Louis is one of greatest of MGM's musicals. Judy Garland introduced the holiday standard, "Have Yourself a Merry Little Christmas" in this movie.
Come to the Stable, 3:45 p.m. on TCM: This 1949 drama stars Loretta Young and Celeste Holm as two French nuns who arrive in the small New England town of Bethlehem with a mission to build a children's hospital.
The Andy Williams Christmas Show, noon on getTV: This 1966 holiday special is a family affair with Williams crooning Christmas standards like "Carol of the Bells" and "It's the Most Wonderful Time of the Year" with his then wife Claudine Longet and the Williams Brothers.
The Danny Kaye Show, 1 p.m on getTV: This 1966 Christmas show features special appearances by Peggy Lee and Wayne Newton, and Kaye show regulars Joyce Van Patten and Harvey Korman.
The Perry Como Christmas Show, 2 p.m. on getTV: This 1974 show features special guests The Carpenters, figure skater Peggy Fleming, and comedian Rich Little.
Mitzi Gaynor Christmas Show, 3 p.m. on getTV: This 1967 holiday special features song-and-dance lady Gaynor performing live at Kraft Music Hall in New York City with special guests Ed McMahon, Cyril Ritchard, and Tony Tanner.
Ben-Hur: A Tale of the Christ, midnight on TCM: TCM is devoting its silent Sunday night to this religious classic about a Jewish prince whose life is changed by his encounters with Christ. The 1959 sound picture is better known today, but the silent version is still a wonderful movie with dazzling special effects and a thrilling performance by Francis X. Bushman as the villainous Messala.
My Night at Maud's, 2:30 a.m. on TCM: This French film from auteur Eric Rohmer is centered around two friends, one a Catholic (Jean-Louis Trintigant), the other an atheist (Antoine Vitez), who meet at the house of a divorced woman (Francoise Fabian) on Christmas Eve.
Here's Scrooge to take us out. See you next week!
Christmas classic movies classic tv shows holiday viewing guide I'll Be Seeing You Miracle on 34th Street Srooge


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Die Tuvalu A-Division 2013 war die 13. Spielzeit der höchsten tuvaluischen Spielklasse im Männerfußball. Sie begann am 9. März 2013 und endete am 6. April 2013. Alle Spiele fanden im einzigen Stadion Tuvalus statt, dem Tuvalu Sports Ground.

Titelverteidiger war der Nauti FC, der auch in diesem Jahr zum siebten Mal in Folge die Meisterschaft gewinnen konnten. Absteigen musste keine Mannschaft, da auch in der zweithöchsten Spielklasse nur die zweiten Mannschaften der Vereine aus der A-Division spielen.

Modus
An dieser Saison nahmen sechs der acht Mannschaften Tuvalus teil. Jede Mannschaft spielte einmal gegen die anderen, sodass es zu insgesamt fünf Spieltagen kam.

Teilnehmende Mannschaften

Abschlusstabelle

Spieltage

1. Spieltag

2. Spieltag

3. Spieltag

4. Spieltag

5. Spieltag

Weblinks

2013
Fußballsaison 2013

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Brenna was born in Peoria and, growing up, she always had animals and always loved animals. She attended Illinois State University before coming to us as our amazing receptionist. She has been with us for over 15 years and still loves every aspect of the job—she especially enjoys learning about animals and meeting all of our fantastic clients and their pets!


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Delaware Art Museum Blacklisted by the American Alliance of Museums
by Corinna Kirsch on June 19, 2014 Newswire
The painting that got the Delaware Art Museum into so much trouble: William Holman Hunt's "Isabella and the Pot of Basil" (1868).
Here's how to make the American Alliance of Museums angry: Sell artwork from your museum to cover your debts. After William Holman Hunt's "Isabella and the Pot of Basil" sold for $4.25 million at Christie's in London, the AAM publicly revoked the museum's membership and advised all other AAM members against working with them, including refusing to loan artworks or collaborate on exhibitions. In other words, they've been blacklisted.
A 2003 facilities expansion left the museum with $19.8 million in debt. At the end of March, board members from the Delaware Art Museum unanimously voted to auction off four works from its collection, hoping to garner $30 million in total to pay off the museum's debt and increase their endowment. In a press release regarding the board's vote, Museum CEO Mike Miller claimed that there were no other options for the museum to stay afloat: "After detailed analysis…the Trustees had two agonizing choices in front of them—to either sell works of art, or to close our doors." Surely, a dire situation.
And so, on Tuesday we saw the first of the Delaware Art Museum's proposed works go on the auction block; that very same day the AAM's accreditation commission met to vote on removing the museum's accreditation. They did so unanimously, stating that the Delaware Art Museum was in "direct violation of museum standards and ethics" as they should only sell off works in the collection for "purposes of acquisitions" or "direct care of collections." (This is why, for example, the Akron Art Museum was totally okay by AAM standards for auctioning off a Cindy Sherman at Christie's in 2012; the funds went towards their acquisition budget.)
Yes, the Delaware Art Museum broke AAM rules, there's no denying that. But there's something truly awful about the AAM decision: it fails to address why the Delaware Art Museum got into this situation in the first place. Too many museums feel the need to spend millions on architectural additions, rather than on programs, collections, or salaries.
Where was the AAM in 2003 when the Delaware Art Museum first broke ground on that expansion? Who was around to tell them maybe a new gallery wasn't such a great idea? Expansion is the root of this problem which ends up landing museums in debt over shiny, glass-filled galleries. Let's focus on that.
Tagged as: aam, American Alliance of Museums, auction, Delaware Art Museum, expansion, museums
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RSS in Government
News about how RSS is being used by international, federal, state, and local governments
Create Voice-enabled RSS News Feeds
by Mark J. Headd on May 25, 2005
The proliferation of RSS feeds by state and local governments offers a unique opportunity to expand the delivery of the critical information by leveraging the most ubiquitous personal communications device in the world -- the telephone. Learn here how to transform RSS content into VoiceXML, an open standard for developing telephony applications, and dramatically expand the accessibility of your feeds by making them available to anyone with a telephone.
Fresh Patents Served Weekly
by Ray Matthews on December 06, 2004
You can search for newly published patent applications at the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, but if you want the latest patent applications served to you by RSS syndication and email alerts, you'll need to visit FreshPatents.com. Industry list RSS feeds filtered by USPTO class number are particularly valuable. The content is crawled and indexed by Google as well.
HubMed is PubMed on Steroids
If you're one who monitors the latest news about a drug or treatment, or if you're doing serious medical research, you'll absolutely love the assortment of alerts and exporting features provided by HubMed, an alternative search to the PubMed medical literature database.
Blog Revolution in China
While the government may not be enthusiastic over offering RSS news feeds, the Chinese people themselves are embracing RSS news syndication in the form of blogging. NewScientist.com reports that despite official censorship of blogs in 2003, blog services are now sprouting all over China. By the end of October 2004, China had more than 45 large blog-hosting services. According to China's biggest blogging service provider blogcn.com, the number of subscribers has soared from 10,000 in June last year, to more than 500,000 now. Xiao Qiang, director of the China Internet Project at the University of California at Berkeley reports the "blog revolution" is sweeping across China.
California a Dollar Short, a Day Late?
State CIO J. Clark Kelso wants to make government more accessible to the citizens of California. His November "California State Information Technology Strategic Plan" presented to Governor Schwarzenegger provides a blue-print for providing greater efficiences in IT services, offering more accessible service, and doing it for lower costs. What's missing? The plan neglects RSS, a low-cost, open source technology that many states are using to save money and make their services more accessible.
Blog -- Dictionary Word of the Year
by Ray Matthews on
Dictionary publisher Merriam-Webster's reports that "Blog" tops their list of the 10 words of the year. Merriam-Webster Inc. said on Tuesday that blog, defined as "a Web site that contains an online personal journal with reflections, comments and often hyperlinks," was the most looked-up word on its Internet sites this year. The list is compiled each year by taking the most researched words on its Web sites and then excluding perennials such as affect/effect and profanity. The company said most online dictionary queries were for uncommon terms, but people also turned to its Web sites for words in news headlines.
Are you Chief Blogging Officer Material?
by Ray Matthews on November 30, 2004
Does your state or agency have a Chief Blogging Officer? Government is already rife with chiefs, why not one more? HighBeam Research, Inc. has set the pace by announcing today the appointment of Christopher Locke as its Chief Blogging Officer (CBO). HighBeam also announces a pilot program offering a select group of bloggers exclusive use of its new "blog this document" tools and free access to the company's premium archives.
Feeding the Utah Legal Community
The Utah Administrative Office of the Courts and the Utah State Bar have been experimenting with the syndication of news and publications for quite some time. They've now published links to their first public syndicated feeds on their homepages.
Friends, There is Good News
We interrupt this irregularly scheduled broadcast.... to share a message more momentous than we've reported on before. We bring a message of hope, of goodness, of peace, of universal brotherhood. Here's how we can join our voices in a global conversation that can forever change the world.
Google News Feed Generator
Unlike Yahoo, Google has had a long standing resistance to offering RSS feeds for Google News queries. In the spirit of pre-existing Google News to RSS hacks, Justin Pfister has now created "gnewsfeed." Filling out a form converts a Google news query into an RSS feed.
Irish Local Governments Get Nooked
Two Irish County Councils and several other Irish, Northern Ireland, and UK government agencies are publishing press releases using the new Nooked hosted online RSS publishing service.
Virginia Recognized for RSS Services
The State of Virginia was recently recognized by the Center for Digital Government with a third place ranking in the Best of the Web and Digital Government Achievement Awards. The recognition came largely for Virginia's new syndication and alert services. In accepting the award Governor Mark Warner said, "Our real-time online live help customer service continues to set the pace for the nation, and the portal's desktop alerts via live RSS feeds ensure that Virginia.gov users always have access to the most current information." The VIPNet portal and its RSS feeds are managed by the Virginia Information Providers Network. There are currently at least 34 feeds. Virginia uses RSS feeds not only for alerts, but also as a monitoring service that keeps citizens informed of new resources and services added to the portal.
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Dublin Airport is the international airport of Ireland's capital and the busiest airport in the country. The airport also runs domestic services as well as a large number of short and medium haul services including 40 trips to London per day.
The airport is serviced regularly by over 700 buses. The Airlink service runs direct from Dublin City to Dublin Airport. There are buses that also run from the airport to the closest train stations - Heuston and Connolly.
Car hire companies available at Dublin Airport include Hertz, Budget, Avis, Sixt, Europcar, Thrifty, Enterprise, Dan Dooley and County. You can book your car online to guarantee availability.
Check-in zones are located in the departures hall of Terminal 1.
Money exchange facilities can be found throughout both terminals. Pre-purchase Euros in the form of cash or a MasterCard Cash Passport from Travel Money.
A dedicated business centre can be found within the terminal's Dublin Airport Executive Lounges located in Terminals 1 and 2. An entrance fee applies.
Wi-fi is available to purchase throughout the airport while internet kiosks can be found in both terminals.
Baby changing rooms are available throughout the terminals, often located near the toilet areas.
A left baggage facility is available at the short-term parking atrium in Terminal 1. For lost property, head to the Airport Police Station on the Arrivals Level of Terminal 1.
Showers can be found within the airport's various lounges (access conditions apply).
Aer Lingus - Aer Lingus Business Class, Gold Circle Club and Bank of Ireland Gold Visa Business passengers are privy to use the Aer Lingus Gold Circle Lounge located in Terminal 2. Features of the lounge include modern and stylish facilities, complementary Wi-fi, newspapers, refreshments and more.
As a travel hub for Ireland, Dublin is serviced by a wide range of airlines. The following airlines reach Dublin Airport. Don't see the airline you are looking for? Talk to a consultant to book your Dublin flights with your preferred airline.
The following airlines reach Dublin. Don't see the airline you are looking for? Talk to a consultant to book your Dublin flights with your preferred airline.
There are a number of hotels located within close proximity to Dublin Airport. To book your Dublin accommodation, search below or view more accommodation options.


Constituents raised issues of concern regarding rural road transport, hygiene and environment, food safety, farm produce prices, sand exploitation, medical insurance, gender equality, mass mobilisation, public and bad debts, among others.
She took note of a proposal to offer more support to martyr's mothers living in need in rural areas. She vowed to ask the government to closely monitor sand exploitation.
Ngan assured the voters about environmental protection in the Lee & Man paper mill built in the southern province of Hau Giang, saying that relevant agencies have inspected wastewater and production in the mill and released a report assessing its environment impact.
At the same time, an automatic exhaust gas monitor system that transmits data from the mill to the provincial Department of Natural Resources and Environment has also been installed.
About the collection of empty plant protection drug cans and packs and farming wastes in rural areas, Ngan asked authorities concerned to raise their responsibility and public awareness of environmental protection, partly by guiding farmers how to properly collect empty cans and build biogas pits in farms.
Regarding the settlement of bad debts in credit organisations, she said the issue will be addressed in line with the Resolution which will take effect on August 15, 2017.
The same day, the top legislator visited and presented gifts to several policy beneficiary families in Can Tho./.


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Оттон I Меранский (; ок. 1180/1184 — ) — герцог Меранский, граф Андекса и Плассенбурга с 1205 года, пфальцграф Бургундии (под именем Оттон II) в 1211—1231 годах, маркграф Истрии в 1228—1230 годах. Старший сын герцога Меранского Бертольда IV и Агнессы Рохлицкой, дочери графа фон Гройч и маркграфа Нижнелужицкого Дедо III Веттина.

Биография
В 1195/1196 году его отец, герцог Бертольд, вместе с неназванными по имени сыновьями должен был принять участие в планируемом императором Генрихом VI крестовом походе. Однако поход так и не состоялся из-за смерти императора.

В 1204 году умер герцог Бертольд. Его владения были разделены между сыновьями. Оттон как старший получил родовые владения в Восточной Франконии (Андекс и Плассенбург), и титул герцога Меранского. Также ему досталось графство Виндберг, однако уже в 1207 году он продал его епископу Пассау за 1000 марок серебра.

В это время в Священной Римской империи шла борьба за императорский престол между двумя кандидатами — Филиппом Швабским и Оттоном Брауншвейгским, однако после 1204 года перевес склонился на сторону Филиппа. Герцоги Меранские считались сторонниками Гогеншауфенов.

Под опекой короля Филиппа Швабского находилась несовершеннолетняя племянница Беатрис, вторая дочь умершего в 1200 году пфальцграфа Бургундии Оттона I. После смерти в 1205 году старшей сестры она получила графство Бургундия. Для управления графством Филиппу был нужен верный союзник, за которого он мог выдать замуж племянницу. Выбор пал на Оттона I Меранского. Свадьба происходила 21 июня 1208 года в Бамберге, епископом которого был брат Оттона Экберт. В свадебных торжествах принимал участие и король Филипп, однако во время празднования он был заколот в епископском дворце пфальцграфом Баварии Оттоном VIII Виттельсбахом. Причиной этому послужило то, что Филипп обещал Оттону Баварскому руку своей дочери, но обещания не сдержал. В убийстве оказался замешан и маркграф Истрии Генрих, брат Оттона Меранского.

Правителем империи в итоге стал Оттон Брауншвейгский. К расследованию убийства подключился папа римский Иннокентий III. 11 ноября состоялся рейхстаг в Франкфурте. Убийца Филиппа баварский пфальцграф Оттон, который бежал сразу же после убийства, был приговорён к изгнанию из империи, епископ Бамберга Экберт и маркграф Истрии были приговорены к лишению своих ленов. В расследовании убийства Филиппа активное участие принимал герцог Баварии Людвиг I, который извлёк для себя наибольшую выгоду, получив конфискованные у убийцы Филиппа лены, а также и лены в Истрии и в Баварии, конфискованные у Андексской династии. Однако уже в январе 1209 года папа Иннокентий III оспорил решение рейхстага, начав новое расследования. Тогда же Людвиг по требованию патриарха Аквилеи Вольфгера был вынужден отказаться от Истрии. А баварский пфальцграф Оттон в том же 1209 году был пойман и обезглавлен.

Оттон Меранский, в отличие от братьев, не был заподозрен в причастности к убийству. Он признал Оттона Брауншвейгского правителем империи и сопровождал его в 1209 году Рим на коронацию. Оттуда он в октябре отправился в Бургундское графство, чтобы утвердить своё право наследования.

В графстве Бургундия Оттон сразу же вступил в конфликт с графом Осона Этьеном III, который желал женить на Беатрис своего сына Жана и вернуть графство своей семье. Этот конфликт продолжался до 1211 года. Только 18 октября 1211 года в Дижоне при посредничестве герцога Бургундии Гуго III, а также архиепископа Безансона и епископа Лангра, был заключён мир.

Из Бургундии Оттон отправился в Германию, где в сентябре 1211 года в Нюрнберге рядом имперских князей, недовольных правлением Оттона Брауншвейгского, был провозглашён королём Фридрих II Гогенштауфен, король Сицилии, сын покойного императора Генриха VI и двоюродный брат жены Оттона Меранского. Выбор Фридриха был поддержан папой Иннокентием III, который в 1210 году отлучил Оттона Брауншвейгского. Неудивительно, что Оттон поддержал нового короля. 5 декабря 1212 года во Франкфурте избрание Фридриха II было подтверждено на съезде имперских князей, а 9 декабря в Майнце он был коронован.

Оттон Меранский, который стал активным сторонником нового короля, присутствовал на хофтаге в Нюрнберге в конце февраля 1213 года, созванного Фридрихом II. У Фридриха ещё оставался соперник в лице Оттона IV Брауншвейгского, которого поддерживал король Англии. Однако 27 июля 1214 года англо-вельфская армия Оттона Брауншвейгского была разбита при Бувине французским королём Филиппом II Августом. Императорские регалии попали в руки Филиппа II Августа, который отправил их Фридриху. Оттон должен был уступить противнику и удалился в свои наследственные земли, где и умер в 1219 году.

Во время правления Фридриха II Оттон Меранский восстановил влияние своей семьи, принимая активное участие в делах империи. В середине августа 1214 года он участвовал в походе в нижнерейнские земли. В ноябре он участвовал в рейхстаге в Базеле, где разбирались главным образом бургундские дела. В начале 1215 года Оттон сопровождал Фридриха в Эльзас. Летом 1215 года Оттон присутствовал на новой коронации Фридриха в Ахене. Тогда же Оттон впервые упомянут не только как герцог Меранский, но и как пфальцграф Бургундии. На коронации также присутствовал Экберт, брат Оттона, который был восстановлен в сане епископа Бамберга в 1211 году. В том же 1215 году другой брат Оттона, Генрих, получил прощение и ему была возвращена большая часть владений, включая Истрийскую марку и лены в Тироле и Баварии.

Летом 1217 года Оттон с братом Экбертом принял участие в Пятом крестовом походе, организованном королём Венгрии Андрашем II. Причиной их участия послужило обещание, данное на коронации Фридриха в 1215 году. Однако поход был очень плохо организован и уже в начале 1218 года Оттон вернулся в Германию.

Весной 1218 года он принимал участие в походе Фридриха II в Лотарингию.

Одной из проблем, которая требовала внимания Оттона, было положение в Бургундском графстве. Чуждый по происхождению, языку и культуре, Оттон практически не принимал никакого участия в управлении Бургундским графством, живя в основном в своих германских владениях. Поэтому местная знать, прежде всего граф Осона Этьен III и его сын Жан I Мудрый, который после смерти матери в 1227 году унаследует графство Шалон, а также Генрих Вьеннский, сын графа Макона и Вьенна Гильома V, поддерживаемые королём Франции, герцогом Бургундии и архиепископом Безансона, постоянно восставали против Оттона. Для того, чтобы укрепить своё положение, Оттону требовался союзник, которого он нашёл в 1225 году в лице графа Шампани Тибо IV.

19 января 1225 года Оттон заключил с Тибо Шампанским договор, который был скреплён помолвкой Оттона II, сына и наследника Оттона Меранского, и Бланкой Шампанской, дочери графа Тибо. Брак должен был быть заключён по достижении Оттоном II 14-летнего возраста, после чего он должен был получить в своё полное распоряжение Бургундское графство. Тибо обязался помогать Оттону Меранскому. Война в графстве продолжалась до 1227 года. В неё был втянут и герцог Бургундии Гуго IV. Мир был заключён в июне 1227 года, согласно ему Оттон наконец то получил Бургундское графство в своё полное распоряжение. Однако планируемый брак между Оттоном II и Бланкой Шампанской так и не состоялся.

После смерти в 1228 году маркграфа Истрии Генриха Оттон унаследовал владения брата. Позже Оттон передал Истрию другому своему брату, патриарху Аквилеи Бертольду. Также Оттон поднял вопрос о возвращении церковных ленов, конфискованных у семьи в 1208 году, для чего он вступил в переговоры с епископом Бриксена. Итогом переговоров стало то, что в июне 1232 года Оттону были переданы лены в Иннтале и Пустертале в Северном Тироле, отобранные у Генриха Истрийского в 1208 году.

Передача тирольских владений Оттону вызвало недовольство графа Тироля Альбрехта IV, но в итоге Оттон и Альбрехт сумели договориться. Более того, между ними был заключён договор, по которому Оттон II, сын и наследник Оттона I, должен был жениться на Елизавете Тирольской, одной из дочерей Альбрехта. Сам брак был заключён в 1234 году.

В 1231 году умерла Беатрис, жена Оттона, однако он сохранил за собой Бургундское графство, которым управлял от имени своего несовершеннолетнего сына Оттона II.

В начале своего правления главная резиденция Оттона находилась в Плассенбурге, но затем его двор постепенно переместился в Тироль — в Инсбрук, который при Оттоне получил статус города.

Оттон умер 7 мая 1234 года в Безансоне и был похоронен не в родовой гробнице в Диссене, где нашла упокоение его первая жена Беатрис, а в Ландхеймском монастыре. Все его владения унаследовал единственный сын Оттон.

Брак и дети
1-я жена: с 21 июня 1208 (Бамберг) Беатрис II фон Гогенштауфен (ок. 1193 — 7 мая 1231), пфальцграфиня Бургундии с 1205, дочь пфальцграфа Оттона I
 Агнесса (ок. 1215 — 1 ноября 1260/7 января 1263); 1-й муж: с 1228 (развод 1240) Фридрих II Воитель (ок. 1210 — 15 июня 1246), герцог Австрии и Штирии с 1230; 2-й муж: с 1248/1250 Ульрих III (ум. 27 октября 1269), сеньор Крайны с 1251, герцог Каринтии с 1256
 Оттон II (ок. 1218 — 19 июня 1248), герцог Меранский и граф Андекса (Оттон II) с 1234, пфальцграф Бургундии (Оттон III) с 1231
 Беатриса (ум. после 11 ноября 1265); муж: Герман II (до 16 января 1194 — 27 декабря 1247), граф Орламюнде и сеньор Веймара с 1206
 Маргарита (ум. 18 октября 1271); 1-й муж: до 25 сентября 1232 Пржемысл (1209 — 16 октября 1239), маркграф Моравии с 1228; 2-й муж: Фридрих (ум. 30 августа 1274), граф фон Трухендинген
 Алиса (Адельгейда) (ум. 8 марта 1279), пфальцграфиня Бургундии с 1248; 1-й муж: с ок. 1 ноября 1236 Гуго I де Шалон (1220—1266), пфальцграф Бургундии (по праву жены) с 1248, сеньор Салена с 1263; 2-й муж: с 11 июня 1267 Филипп I (1207 — 16 августа 1285), граф Савойи с 1268
 Елизавета (ум. 18 декабря 1272); муж: до 10 мая 1251 Фридрих III фон Гогенцоллерн (ок. 1220 — 14 августа 1297), бургграф Нюрнберга с 1261

2-я жена: София Ангальтская (ум. 23 ноября 1272/5 января 1274), дочь Генриха II Толстого, графа Ангальт-Ашерслебена, и Ирмгарды Тюрингской. Детей от этого брака не было. После смерти мужа Софья была замужем ещё дважды: за Зигфридом I (ум. ок. 1240/1245), графом фон Регенштейн, а после этого за Оттоном фон Хадмершлебен.

Генеалогия

Примечания

Ссылки

Герцоги Меранские
Графы Бургундии
Маркграфы Истрии
Андексская династия
Правители Европы XIII века
Участники Пятого крестового похода


A new report by Amnesty International uncovers the horrifying scale of death, injury and suffering of civilians trapped in the battle for west Mosul. The report documents how the group calling itself the Islamic State (IS) moved civilians from neighboring villages into the zones of the battle in west Mosul, trapped them in their homes and prevented them from escaping, using them as human shields. Meanwhile Iraqi and coalition forces failed to take adequate measures to protect civilians, instead subjecting them to a terrifying barrage of fire from weapons that should never be used in densely populated civilian areas.
At any cost: The civilian catastrophe in West Mosul, Iraq, covers hostilities in west Mosul from January to mid-May 2017. Amnesty researchers interviewed 151 west Mosul residents, experts and analysts, and documented 45 attacks in total, which killed at least 426 civilians and injured more than 100, providing analysis for nine specific attacks by Iraqi forces and the US-led coalition.
"The scale and gravity of the loss of civilian lives during the military operation to retake Mosul must immediately be publicly acknowledged at the highest levels of government in Iraq and states that are part of the US-led coalition," said Lynn Maalouf, Director of Research for the Middle East at Amnesty International.
Since October 2016, IS has carried out a systematic campaign of forced displacement, moving thousands of civilians from neighboring villages into areas that were still under IS control. IS then used these civilians as human shields.
To prevent civilians from evacuating to safety, IS trapped people inside their homes by welding their doors shut, rigging booby traps at exits, and summarily killing hundreds, perhaps thousands, of people attempting to escape.
The fear of being killed by IS while escaping meant that many civilians had to wait until the clashes reached their peak. Once IS fighters were busy fighting, civilians would run directly through the front lines to reach Iraqi forces.
Because IS was forcing civilians to move into the fighting and preventing them from escaping, IS-controlled areas in west Mosul became more and more crowded with civilians as the battle raged on. Iraqi forces and the US-led coalition failed to adapt their tactics to this reality and continued to use imprecise, explosive weapons with wide area effects in densely populated urban environments.
"IS's use of people as human shields does not lessen the legal obligation of pro-government forces to protect civilians. Military planners should have taken extra care in the manner in which they used their weapons to ensure that these attacks were not unlawful," said Maalouf.
Amnesty International documented a pattern of attacks in which US-led coalition and Iraqi forces appear not to have struck their intended military targets, instead killing and injuring civilians and destroying or damaging civilian objects. In some cases, civilian deaths and injuries appear to have resulted from a choice of weapons that was inappropriate for the circumstances or failure to take necessary precautions to verify the target was a military objective.
Even in attacks that seem to have struck their intended military target, the use of what seem to be unnecessarily powerful weapons or failure to take necessary precautions resulted in needless loss of civilian lives. For example, on March 17 a US airstrike on the Mosul al-Jadida neighbourhood killed at least 105 civilians in order to neutralize two IS snipers. Regardless of whether – as the US Department of Defense has maintained — secondary explosions occurred, it should have been clear to those responsible that the risk posed to civilians by using a 500 lb bomb was clearly excessive in relation to anticipated military advantage.
"Iraqi forces and members of the US-led coalition must ensure that the fight against IS – not only in the fight for Mosul, but in other battles in Iraq and in Syria – is fought in a way that is consistent with international law and standards. States engaged in this fight must not only focus on the military aspect of this fight, but also deploy in conjunction the resources needed to alleviate the incredible suffering of civilians trapped by conflict and abused by IS," said Maalouf.


text:
Okinawa Main
Kume Island
Kerama
Yaeyama
Heritage &
Flavors of
Activities &
to Okinawa
Okinawa at a Glance
Food & Longevity
Wonderful Nature
Beach information
Okinawa Main Island
Kerama Islands
Miyako Islands
Heritage & Tradition
Flavors of Okinawa
Shopping & Relaxation
Okinawa Life
Recommended Trips
Getting to Okinawa
Presenting the Power of Okinawa "Power of Place"
Places like Churaumi Aquarium and Shuri Castle are wonderful to visit, that is true, but if you take one step further you can witness typical Okinawan scenery and how the people here live. Experience red-tiled roofs and coral walls, small but wonderful side paths that lead to the sea, or flavors produced in this special place called Okinawa. We will introduce to you the landscape and other things that are unique to Okinawa.
There are many secret side paths which hide the sea, and being able to find such a landscape is the "power of Okinawa".
Shuri-Kinjo Stone-Paved Road
For a place where adults can enjoy walking, try the castle town where you will never get tired of the charming atmosphere created by lines of houses and castle walls that once concealed the castle. In Okinawa, Kinjo-cho is just one of these castle towns, with a cobblestone path left over from when Okinawa was the Ryukyu Kingdom, built around 1522. Back then, this was the main road leading from Shuri Castle to the southern part of the main island. However, only 300m of pavement is left that can be walked on after it was destroyed in World War II during the Battle of Okinawa.
This picture was taken on the way down from Shuri Castle when entering the Kinjo-cho stone paved road. The road is very steep and narrow with a width of 4m and is lined by private houses on either side. In one of the side streets there also stands a large Bishop Wood tree that is over 200 years old.
Shuri-Kinjo
Address: 1-Chome Shurikinjocho, Naha, Okinawa 903-0815 (free access)
"Shuri Kinjo Machiya store" is an old private house now used as a rest point located along the cobblestone road.
Sunset Colored Beach
Whether you're heading towards Yomitan-son in the central part of the main island to find Yachimun ("pottery" in Okinawa dialect), or driving through the woods to eat Okinawa soba in the north, there's no need to rush back to your hotel if you reach a place with beautiful scenery. Why not relax and watch the sunset sink into the ocean? During the daytime, there are few people on the beach as many Okinawan people don't go out during the afternoon in mid-summer.
The view from the Ocean Expo Park at Churaumi Aquarium. We recommend staying to watch the sunset after visiting the aquarium. Iejima stands out against the sunset.
For locals, the sea is a place to visit and they become attached to the places they like, longing for the sunsets. It seems that where and with whom the day ends is very important. Recommended spots for adults are Yomitan's coastal area in central Okinawa and Motobu in the north. You can also see a beautiful sunset from the west side of the island. This photo was taken at Churaumi Aquarium's famous Ocean Expo Park. Within the park is the Emerald Beach where you can listen to the sound of the waves while watching the sunset, creating an unforgettable memory. You can also find a good sunset spot by following the locals.
Ocean Expo Park
Address: Kunigami-gun, Motobu, Ishikawa 424
Telephone: 0980-48-2741 (Ocean Expo Park Management Center)
Opening hours: 08:00 – 19:30(until 18:00 from October to February).
*Please confirm both the swimming hours at emerald beach and the opening hours of each facility in advance.
Tropical Flowers of the North
For both the locals who are used to seeing the hibiscus and bougainvillea and the tourists who are impressed by them, it is such a waste to feel content with only seeing the flowers in the city. Head over to the northern part of the main island to see landscapes of tropical flowers in what is known as "Yanbaru", the forested northern part of Okinawa. The mild climate means that this area is full of nature and a treasure house of flowers. The first to bloom is Kanhizakura, a type of sakura. It blooms in the northern part of the main island in January, and reaches the south in February. Taking a trip that follows the flowers as they bloom is a real luxury, and it is definitely worthwhile making the long drive to the northern part of the island where the best sites can be found!
The flower that announces the arrival of spring is Okurareruka (Iris Ochroleuca). This type of iris is famous for creating sceneries that spread out across the paddy fields in Ogimi-son, Kijyoka. Around now, you can enjoy seeing the peacock flower Caesalpinia pulcherrima and sagaribana (Barringtonia racemosa or powder-puff tree), and in winter the silver flowers of sugarcane. This picture is of shell ginger (Alpinia zerumbet), known as "san-nin" in Okinawa dialect, which blooms around the beginning of May.
For information on Yanbaru, head to over to Yanbaru Travel! *Japanese only
The Only Place to Taste Jimami Tofu
Some places serve food as good as a mother's home cooked meal, and one dish in particular is Jimami tofu which has an addictive mushy texture and is made by kneading together potato parings with the juice of raw peanuts. The secret is to knead it for longer than a human can. The strong scent of peanuts and the stickiness are known as "Okinawa-ichi", and its taste and texture are definitely a local flavor. If you enjoy the atmosphere and scenery of Okinawa, you will surely enjoy this taste as well.
Even though it is called tofu, it is actually made from peanut milk rather than soybeans.
Kinokawa Shokudo
Address: 603 Kenken, Motobu, Kunigami-gun
Telephone: 0980-47-5230
Opening hours: 11:00 – 15:00, 17:00 -20:00 (19:30 last order)
Closed: Mondays and irregular holidays
Jimami Tofu 300¥ (tax included), Agu Pork Cutlet set meal 1,950¥ (tax included) as well as other meat and fish dishes.
Photography: Noboru Morikawa
Research / Author: Noriko Nii
Editor: Shiro Takagi, Yu Kimura, Tomoko Kotake, Shihoko Kubo
Last updated 2021/12/20
What is "INTOJAPAN"?
INTOJAPAN is a web magazine created by Shogakukan's "Waraku Magazine" editorial department, which provides a gateway into Japanese culture and delivers the charms of real Japan.
1.POWER OF TEXTILES
2.POWER OF POTTERY
Main Island
Encounter royal heritage and World Heritage in the former capital of the Ryukyu ...
Motobu Peninsula
Discover picturesque islands, rich history, and family attractions on a journey ...
Yanbaru
Explore lush forests, dramatic coastlines, and tranquil mangroves ...
Yomitan
Blue skies, clear water, white sands, and rich Ryukyu culture, popular Yomitan V...
Ie Island
Feel the idyllic charm of easily accessible Ie Island...
Presenting the Power of Okinawa "Power of Pottery"
Accessible Tourism Thrives in Okinawa
Privacy Policy & Site Policy
OKINAWA Travel Brochures
© 2021- Okinawa Convention & Visitors Bureau. All rights reserved.


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Here's a link to the FTC's compliance guidelines.
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In Mali the craft industry varies from an ethnic group to another. So we have decided to show you the work made by the different ethnic group before showing the modern realizations.
You could admire at any time the work of certain ethnic groups in the museum ethnologic collections. Unfortunately all the ethnic groups are not represented. However we hope you will appreciate this travel across the Malian culture.
Unlike what we could think, the Art to the Touareg is quite different from that of the Arab. It is enough to remark the cross of the pommel of their saddle or that constitutes the hilt of their sabres and the shape of their shield to know this difference. But it will also be wrong to think that of the cross used by the Touareg in their Art is due to a somehow influence of Christianity. It should be preferable to give an artistic characteristic to this cross, instead of religious or historical characteristic, to consider it a simple object of ornament.
The craft industry is fewer developed to the Maure. They have just a caste craftsman, the maalem (blacksmiths) that made objects with iron, copper and precious metals: gold and silver. They do not made by themselves their raw materials as the Bambara blacksmiths; they buy the iron and copper with the other sedentary groups. They work also with wood. As the Maure do not have the caste of shoemaker, it is the wives of the blacksmiths who make this work. At least they are very skilful in the work of leather. So they make pillows, travel bags, scraps, fans etc. The Maure do not have weavers, or tailors, or dyers. They dress with imported cloths and it is their women who sew their cloths. Slave women do the basket making. They made so baskets, fans etc. And so craft industry is nearly present to the Maure.
The noble Fulani do not practice any craft. The industries of every kind are the monopoly of a particular caste "Wailoube" and "Nieniebe" (blacksmiths and jewellers), "Loube" (woodworkers), "Garankobe" and "Sokebe" (Shoemakers and harness makers) etc. All the same their women make "letié" (mats), "n'bedou" and "niorgo" (fans and straw trays as lid for milk and foods calabashes) and "sorombia" (decorated leather pillows) made for the exclusive use of housekeeping and not for sale.
In the contrary, they don't make baskets. They buy their baskets with their neighbouring ethnic groups. The young make by themselves their straw hats while looking after bestials in the pastures. They do not make them for sale but for their own use or that of their family members.
They are mostly practiced by special castes: blacksmiths (Noumou) and woodcarvers (Koulé) for the manufacture of iron and every kind of metals, sculptures and pottery, this last manufactured especially by women, and shoemakers (Garanké) for the works with leather. Both men and women do the basket making. Their place is very important in the building of huts and the furniture such we are used to see. The weaving is not the monopoly of a particular caste. Generally, slaves do this.
All the women but not the men can do the dyeing made in majority by caste women. In this respect, it should be better to point out that the fundamental colours used by Bambara are: the black, the red and the white. According to them, the black colour can be identified with the raining season when the deep clouds become rains, the red characterizes the dry season, during which grasses are reddish; whereas the white, "the colour of faro" unites the first two colours because of its brightness.
Malinké are usually very clever with their hands. The young Malinké likes doing odd jobs. More often, at 9 or 10 years old, he begins to make curious small boats with straw, weave fans, and many small objects with the loam or pieces of iron.
But it is the caste people who have the monopoly of some iron, wood, leather, pottery crafts etc. therefore everyone can weave mats, hens baskets, hives, straw hats, make beds, benches, straw stools, raffia etc. All the women can also make the shelling, carding, spinning of the cotton and they can make soaps and "Shea butter".
Strictly speaking it doesn't exist in the Dogon area caste craftsmen. They are not especially blacksmiths, shoemakers, and weavers by profession. Everyone can make occasionally each of these works during the dry season. They prove their artistic taste issued from the making of their masks, which touch through their originality and expression. They prove to be expert and careful craftsmen in the making of their gold, silver or leather watermarked jewels such as the walking stick handles, bracelets, rings etc, or in melt figurines of wax polish; and representing totemic animals and family emblems. Not especially women as in the Niger valley, but both men and women, without any caste precision, can make pottery precision. All the same, the weaving or strip or cotton fabrics are the monopoly of no particular cast. It is reserved to the men, and it is the work of every family to weave. Besides, some "Higon" weave by themselves the cotton strip meant to dress them. The Dogon weave coloured or plain cotton cloths. They dye by themselves the hanks spun by women or the fabrics after their manufacturing. They weave also "Kassa" of white woollen having black drawings with varied designs in the middle that serve to dress preferably Fulani shepherds. Finally, they make too fine curtains (draps) with black drawings on a red or blue background used as hangings. The old men occupied themselves with many small works by talking sheltered from the public: making of baskets, fans, straw hats, etc. They tan also the skins and after making them suppler and coloured, they make of them all the small objects that constitute the exclusive industry of the Garanké (caste of Shoemakers) in the other regions of Mali.
The Senoufo people practice two categories of industry: everyone without any distinction can do the first; and the second is reserved to the caste people. The first category includes the basket making, saponification, oil works, spinning and cotton weaving, dyeing, tobacco industry, making of fermented drinks.
In the second category, there is the iron, wood and leather works which especially blacksmiths make. We will notice that unlike the other areas, the leather is part of the raw materials here. Maybe this industry is not well developed to the Senoufo's that is why it seems useless to be the monopoly of a particular caste. In the contrary the cooper industry, very developed, is reserved to a particular caste called "Lhoro" which does not belong originally to the Senoufo group.
In some regions everyone can practice the work of his choice. It occurs that some families direct their children towards different works. Therefore, in other areas of the Songhoï country, this industry remains the monopoly of specialized castes as the blacksmiths, shoemakers, weavers, etc. We can notice there the countries influences, for originally such a social division did not exist. Everyone was free to choose the work he likes either by vocation or by necessity. The Kalan women make very nice imitation gold jewellery, with yellow coloured fine straw, and nice bracelets of pearl very appreciated in the south countries. These women and the caste women make pottery, baskets, and some simple objects with embroidered leather.
The main craft industries are the monopoly of some specialized castes.
1st the metallurgical industry: they are the Tago (blacksmiths) who practice the industries of iron, copper and precious metals such as gold and silver, and the wood industry contrary to the other groups. They make "yidou" (hatchets), tongou (hoes), fanti (small hoes) labour (knife), seoutou (adzes), every kind of jewellery, bâfou (doors), khirkou (saddle bow), kharé (handles) etc. their tools are mainly foulladou (hummer), tané (envil), khampa (long nippers), khampangourmo (pincers), and khassadigme, tountou (bellows), saouta (adze), yide (hatchet) etc.
2nd Leather industry: is it practiced by the special caste of shoemakers (Garanko). They are also specialized in the skin tanning. They make moukhou (Turkish slippers), tiorongué (soft boots), tepou (sandals), khirkhé n'doroke (skin of saddles), kharbin nkatiou (scraps), sefayou (amulets cover) etc. Their main tools are: bounné (awl), walakha (the plate on which skins are prepared), nakhade (wood polishing brush), labo (knife) etc.
3rd Pottery industry: It is practiced with hands by the Taga yakharou (wives of blacksmiths). All the designs on the objects are made by their fingers and nails. They make so lallé (water pots), goumbou lemmou (gargoulettes), begne (pierced vases for steaming millet flour), and several small objects used by spinners and dyers.
4th Dyeing industry: it can be practiced by every category of women. We can say that there is no sarakollé family without a small dyeing industry. All the dyeing is made from indigo with which we can get bakha khoulé (blueness of the sky), or bakha biné (navy blue).


text:
Frank Bienewald / LightRocket via Getty Images
Some economics nerds just realized how much climate change will cost us
By Kate Yoder on Oct 3, 2019
A bunch of economists just put down their calculators and concluded that we should act on climate change sooner rather than later. Really.
For decades, economists have suggested that the government should charge a fee on every ton of carbon dioxide that gets emitted, giving companies a bottom-line incentive to change their polluting ways. The conventional wisdom is that we'd ease into it, starting with a low price — say, $40 per ton — and gradually ramp it up over time.
But according to a new paper in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, that prevailing wisdom is backwards. The authors argue that a carbon tax should start out steep, above $100 per ton (and potentially above $200 per ton), rise higher for a few years, and then slowly fall over the next few centuries as people get the whole climate crisis thing under control.
Such a high price would encourage countries and businesses to clean up their act much faster. Part of the reason is that we need to make up for lost time. The implication is that the United States and most governments have waited so long to put a price on carbon that a milder approach just doesn't make much sense.
"To me the most surprising result of the research was how quickly the cost of delay increases over time," said Robert Litterman, a risk management expert who used to work for Goldman Sachs, in a statement accompanying the study. His team found that if the world procrastinated on a carbon price by just one more year, the damages from climate change would climb an additional $1 trillion. Waiting 10 years would put the price tag at $100 trillion. In other words, the time to act was yesterday (or, like the 1980s).
No one knows exactly how much our planet is going to heat up in the coming decades. The degree of nightmarishness depends on the amount of greenhouse gases we send into the atmosphere and how quickly and ferociously the planet responds with feedback loops that accelerate warming. The euphemism for this is "uncertainty."
Because studying the climate is a risky business, the researchers borrowed a model from the world of finance, which is hyper-focused on measuring risk (hello β). Their unconventional model considered the damage climate change would bring to agriculture, coastal infrastructure, and human health in the future. Their takeaway: For something as high stakes as the climate crisis, governments should be trying to avoid the worst outcome at all costs.
"We need to take stronger action today to give us breathing room in the event that the planet turns out to be more fragile than current models predict," said Kent Daniel, a professor at Columbia Business School, in the statement.
The researchers aren't the first to recommend this "start high, decrease later" approach to implementing a carbon tax, nor are they the first to propose such a steep price. A landmark report from the United Nations' Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change last year suggested that limiting global warming to 1.5 degrees C above pre-industrial levels would take an array of tough climate policies, including a carbon price of at least $135 per ton by 2030, and perhaps as high as $5,500 per ton.
Around the world, carbon prices are either nonexistent or simply not cutting it. Though more than 40 countries have implemented some sort of carbon price, including Canada, Mexico, and Switzerland, their prices are generally considered too low to be very effective.
Even though old-school Republicans and even some oil companies have publicly called for a nationwide carbon tax, it's not like voters are clamoring for it. Measures have failed in otherwise environmentally-friendly states such as Washington and Oregon in recent years. No carbon tax exists in the United States, though California and a group of states in the Northeast have cap-and-trade programs that serve a similar purpose. Offering an even higher tax would unlikely help a measure's odds of passing.
So how to square all this? Perhaps a little wordplay will help. A recent study said that people might be more willing to rally behind a plan to tax carbon if proponents simply dropped the t-word and called it "a fine on corporations" instead.


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Tree Removal vs. Tree Pruning: Which to Choose?
If you have owned a tree for a while, then you might have heard a lot about pruning. However, many tree owners don't even know what pruning was. Pruning is as important as tree removal and every tree owner should know about it.
Pruning is the process of removing of dead or unnecessary tree branches to encourage its healthy growth. A tree usually uses up all its resources supporting branches that it doesn't really need and neglect the ones that are actually bearing a lot of fruits.
Remove the branches that are consuming up all the nutrients will allow your tree to flourish faster. Pruning also keeps your tree in shape because it keeps the branches even. Doing so prevents the tree from weighing down on one side or becoming permanently crooked.
Tree removal is simply defined as the process of cutting down trees. And you do cut down trees for a number of reasons. One of the most common reasons is because the tree is too old that it can no longer support its own weight. Once a tree becomes a hazard, they have to be removed immediately before a strong wind will cause them to break.
As a general rule, trees that display signs of posing a danger have to be removed although it's not the only option. It's quite possible to structurally prune the tree to lighten up its load, while also installing cables to provide added support.
Trees that are dropping its branches are best removed entirely. The same is true if there are cavity rots visible. In essence, you don't want to prolong a tree's agony if it is clear that its health is deteriorating.
Old trees tend to get weaker by the day. You don't want to try curing an old tree because it won't heal itself as fast as young trees do. Younger trees have higher chances of recovery so generally, it should be easier for you to make that decision.
A hazardous tree right in the middle of a patio where children tend to play every day should be removed. Same goes true if you tend to park your car under it. If the tree can potentially cause damage, then it's best to get it removed than pruned.


Sometimes there is nothing better than getting out of town with your girlfriends. You can relax, talk about your men, and just enjoy the girl time you've been craving! When it's just the girls, there are no preconceived notions of romance, just pure relaxation and basking in the sunshine of friendship. In planning your girl's get away, here are some ideas you should check out. Here are 10 great ideas for a girl's get away!
If you're a country girl, or a city girl looking for adventure, this may be a great idea for you. Head to the Canadian Rockies for some caving, rock climbing, skiing, hiking, and horse back riding. It is a great place for adventure and thrill seeking!


text:
Odin (god), een Germaanse godheid
 Alvader (boek), een boek van Koos Verkaik


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Being that I knew little about them when I started researching for recipes, I was surprised to find out there was ginger beer in them. I'm not much of a beer drinker so I was curious as to what ginger beer actually tastes like. It has a spicy taste but is light and refreshing.
After a few taste tests I found the spiciness of the cocktail was a bit over-powering so I played around with different flavor combinations and found adding a citrus infused simple syrup lightened the intensity of the spice and added a great brightness to the drink.
This is the perfect cocktail to make when entertaining, you can easily mix up a pitcher for your next BBQ. It also goes great with food that has a little heat in it, like these delicious Wasabi Lime Chicken Wings.
In a cocktail shaker combine the vodka, ginger beer, lime juice, simple syrup and a few springs of the mint leaves. Shake for a minute or two and serve over ice. Garnish with a lime wedge, an orange peel and mint leaves.