Very soon I'll be launching asuper news! And on account of this news, I've been spending a lot of time in recent months between cameras and lenses of various brands and models. I had the opportunity to test a lot between models of different levels and figure out some details that can sometimes remain unnoticed when you're starting at photography, and today I want to share with you one of these details!And if you're a Nikon user also has its facilities and pretty soon, I'm going to do an article for you too!
Well, the cameras have been increasingly complex, by more than the manufacturers want to facilitate the way of photographing, increasingly appear buttons.
And more sub menus for other buttons.
We often have difficulty remembering what they all do and even where to start? Well, the Canon provided a secret button for you to use which gives you access to all the most important functions of your complex camera. Perfect, where is this button? It's right behind your camera marked eat letter Q is not really a secret, he is only slightly used.
What does the Q? Quick (fast), also known as "Quick Control Button" or in Portuguese, "Fast" Control button. Yes, the camera I'm using to make this article is in English, and true that I just realized that when I was with the images all ready, but don't worry because the functions are the same and as I will speak to ALL, you will have no problem to understand, ok?
The Q button makes the quick browsing. Use the Q button gives you access to all the main functions that you need to make a picture. Let's see the functions so that you realize how easy it is to use your camera.Take your Canon and we will test it.
So get to work! Press the Q button while watching the LCD screen behind your camera. As you can see, it highlights one of your current settings. Depending on the model of your Canon, this emphasis can light the selection the current with a blue/green color or can highlight with an orange box.
And with two more moves, right and top, back to the first line to access the ISO settings.
The Canon also makes things easier by providing a description of each option at the bottom of the LCD screen while you move in the settings. At the beginning, it will be more beneficial to use the second option, so that you become familiar with the settings that are available, and what the symbols mean. Once you understand this, use the option to move the settings will be easier.
Anyway, simply choose the setting you want to change and then you will have some options.
The first, and easiest, is to roll your button settings when it is highlighted. This will display your options for this setting in particular.To your second choice is to press the SET button when a setting is selected.
This will take you to a more detailed screen, showing all your options for this setting.
For a beginner, can be very useful to use the LCD screen and the Q button to view all about exposure and settings right on your front.When you press the shutter button halfway, the reading of the current exhibition will be shown in the photometer of your Panel. This makes it easier for you to adjust your settings while watching how each element of exposure (aperture, and ISO speed) are affecting the photometer. But stay tuned, the Canon 60 d is a semipro camera at http://www.a2zcamerablog.com/2016/11/04/compact-vs-digital-slr-cameras/, so has the top panel for reading the photometer and various other settings which are also accessed by the button Q. Professional cameras also feature this pane, but the input cameras as 3ti, 5ti, for example, will need to look through the viewfinder optical photometer (Viewfinder).
Now let's see one by one, the settings can be adjusted in seconds via the Q button.
The second and the first setting you can adjust via the Q button is the shutter speed, and shows how many fractions of seconds your shutter opens and closes to the edge of the light, in this case is 1 second divided by 400. Fast not?
The next is the all-important opening and depending on the Panel that you are looking at, or even the model or brand of your camera, it can be represented as below (F 5.6), or f/5.6 or simply 5.6.
The opening of the diaphragm (which is the physical aperture of your lens), is responsible for the amount of light that enters your sensor, and the lower this number as f/3.5, for example, which is a very common opening in the lenses of the kits currently sold here in Brazil, the more light you have in your picture, hence, the higher this number, such as f/22 , less light you have.
We continued and reached the ISO! As you may remember, he is responsible for the sensitivity of our sensor in relation to the light. The higher the ISO, the more sensitive the sensor stays and more light you'll have in your photo, the lower the number, the less sensitive and less difference in this light you have in your picture.
With these three parameters we close the main, universal and most important parameters of the photo, and you can study with my ebook on photometry .
Our next setting is exposure compensation.
The Q button is mainly useful when you're doing HDR photo exhibition bracketing. Press and select the exposure compensation/AEB setting. Now, turn the knob to the right and note the light meter switch to three lines instead of the typical single line.Let the lines spaced the way you want your bracket is (for example, -1, 0, +1-2, or 0, +2).
Finally, use the directional button to select clock Mode setting, and once again, turn to the right until you find the automatic timer 10 or 2 seconds.
As the light and the situation of your photography change, your white balance setting needs to be adjusted. You don't usually find a special button for this important configuration. Once again, the Q button facilitates your life. As you pass through options, you will see some simple images for each white balance setting. A Sun for sunny, a cloud for cloudy, lightning to flash, etc. Sometimes, it's easier to see what are their options looking at an image. If you disagree, the Canon still gives you the description of the white balance settings.
You can study more through this article: "white balance, what it is and how to use".
This is certainly one of the most difficult to find in most cameras. And once again, was facilitated by Canon. Press the Q button and then use the directional buttons to navigate to the focusing point selection.Turn this button and note the points rotate around each focal point to your will.
If you merge pictures of objects in action and stopped frequently? If you do this, you can enter the menu to find your options, turn your button and you can choose ONE SHOT, AI SERVO or AI FOCUS.
In this article "How to avoid blurry pictures Using the auto-focus mode Correct", you will be able to study more about these modes.
This is one of the most important selections, with it you can choose what you want in focus. Our camera focuses through contrasts of the image, so we could not focus automatically a all-white wall, for example, because she can't find any contrast to make the focus. The problem is that often we want the focus is elsewhere, as in the case of creative blur (photos with blurry background) and let the automatic selection, AF Point will not work, in this case the central mode or single can be much more useful.
In short, it is an adjustment made by the photometer for measuring the amount of light that enters the camera. From this measure, it automatically adjusts the shutter speed, the aperture diaphragm and ISO.
The difference is that the camera doesn't measure only the light at one point, she will measure at various points, several areas of the image. In General, the measurement is carried out in the matrix mode, sharing a large area in several small areas and thus setting the exposure of light based on some information obtained by means of this measurement. If you want to understand more, I'll show you another article where you can understand how they work: "Metering modes".
In this selection you have the option to set the quality of your image, and this varies slightly according to each model, in this case select JPEG images L, but the ladder icon shows that it is not the highest quality. Look in your manual the options available, are usually of 3 to 5 sizes of JPEG, Raw format 3 and 3 more combinations of RAW + JPEG.
I like the idea of beginners and amateurs photographers photographing in Raw, if you want to find out why, read the article "Raw, this is for me?".
If the image come out dark or with little contrast, brightness and contrast are adjusted automatically. The default is [Standard]. In the case of JPEG images, the correction is done when it captures the image, can be useful, but I advise you to do some tests to get used to the result, still prefer correct light photometry (x and ISO Speed), but it is important to understand and test facilities that manufacturers give us, isn't it?
And we got our penultimate configuration: Customization of controls.
The name is self-explanatory, right? And I advise you to actually take a look at the many possibilities, you can find some interesting configuration to use with your Q button!
And finally the last setting: electronic level.
Some Canon models are equipped with an internal level that is accessible through the menu, q. This is very useful when you're shooting landscapes on a tripod. When you are in the menu, select the electronic level. Press the SET button and a level that it seems to belong to the cockpit of a plane appears on the screen. Balance your camera from one side to the other and watch as the level changes.When your camera is horizontally, the line will be green. This can definitely save time and headache in post processing, when you try to leave your horizontal lines straight. This removes the guessing process work.
Go ahead and feel free to start spreading the secret. Have fun!!!
PS.: The novelty that I spoke there at the beginning?? Very soon you will know, if you are our subscriber, don't worry that you will receive an email warning you, if you are not already a Subscriber, take a moment to sign our Newslleter and stay on top of all the news here of Photo Tips Brazil!


Confira a palestra ministrada na Allen Leman Swine Conference 2015: Group Formation and Mixing Times for Gestating Sows, ministrada por Jennifer Brown.
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DWTS Jenna Johnson Enjoys Last Day in 'Paradise' with Val Chmerkovskiy
By Rebelander Basilan
Jenna Johnson showed off her six-pack abs in a skimpy white bikini during Caribbean honeymoon with Val Chmerkovskiy.
The "Dancing with the Stars" pro got married to co-star Val last month. The couple are currently honeymooning in St. Lucia.
Val once admitted that he constantly dreamed of proposing to the woman he loved in Venice.
Jenna has been sharing photographs on Instagram since she has been in the Caribbean, and her latest snaps might be the hottest.
"Last full day in paradise," she captioned the post, which already amassed over 40 thousand likes.
In the photos, the 25-year-old is seen wearing a white bikini while lazing about by a pool, which appeared to be just outside the bedroom doors to their hotel room.
Jenna, who first gained attention in 2013, as she finished ladies' third runner-up on "So You Think You Can Dance" season 10, flaunted her very toned body from years of working as a professional dancer.
The day before, she was spotted wearing an orange bikini, and her hair was pulled back in braids.
Jenna and Val tied the knot in a stunning ceremony filled with 200 of their loved ones at the Terranea Resort in Rancho Palo Verdes, California.
They got engaged in June 2018 after Val knelt down on one knee in Venice, Italy. Val once admitted that he constantly dreamed of proposing to the woman he loved in Venice, especially after visiting it when he was 17 years of age.
He found Venice to be the "most romantic place in the world," so, after 15 years, he kept his promise and returned to surprise the woman he intends to spend the rest of his life with. The pair had an on-off relationship since 2015 before making it to the finish line.
Val Chmerkovskiy Knew Jenna Was 'The One' before Engagement - 'It Was a Challenge' for Them to Find Balance
Maksim Chmerkovskiy Is Married to Peta Murgatroyd Who 'Learned to Like' Her 'Arrogant' Future Husband
Jenna Bush Hager Proposed to Her Future Husband a Few Months after the 'Worst First Date' - He Said 'No'
Jenna recently won her first Mirror Ball Trophy on "Dancing With The Stars" by performing alongside her partner, Adam Rippon.
Meanwhile, Val didn't participate in the recent edition of the show due to being on tour with his older brother, Maksim Chmerkovskiy, and sister-in-law, Peta Murgatroyd.
Is Jacob Elordi Dating? Inside the 'Euphoria' Star's Dating History That Includes Zendaya & Kaia Gerber
Val Kilmer Had a Prophetic Dream about Meeting His Future Wife Joanne Whalley - Marriage Lasted near 8 Years
David Hasselhoff, 69, 'Didn't Think It Was Right to Marry' Hayley Roberts , 42, Who Waited 7 Years for Wedding
Robert & Kym Herjavec Fell in Love on 'DWTS' & Later Wed though She Initially Refused to Date Him
George W Bush Wed Wife of 44 Years 3 Months after Meeting: 'Those Blue Eyes, Oh My God'
Who Is Jordan Johnson-Hinds? Meet 'the Endgame' Star Who Recently Got Engaged to His Long-Time Girlfriend
Anthony Hopkins Is Happily Married to 'Wonderful' Wife of 18 Years Who Loves Spending His Money
Pat Sajak Is Married to 19 Years Younger Lesly Brown Who Swore to 'Keep Quiet and Clean the Toilet Every Day'
Chrissy Metz's Ex-husband Martyn Eaden Filed for Divorce in 2014 — Her Love Life Flourished after They Split
Jennifer Grey Had 'Bonfire' Love with Johnny Depp Yet He Moved on with Her 'Neighbor' - Inside His Romances
Cheryl Burke's Regret over Matthew Lawrence Split a Decade before They Wed Did Not Prevent Their Divorce
Tom Brady & Pregnant Bridget Moynahan Split - She Wed Husband at Secret Ceremony 9 Years Later

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Are you looking for a VPN Industry – How could a VPN be different?
For users, VPNs are their savior from all kinds of online threats, but are they all committed to protecting your privacy or are they playing against the rules? Find out more about this VPN and how to use VPN and how to use it and how to use VPN!
Technology has always been meant to be mankind's loyal friend, assisting its endeavors to grow and realize its potential further. If you are looking for a great choice of technology, you will be able to find a great classic, you will be able to find a great job, and you will be able to find a great job in the future. we are on the development of the atomic bomb, which is the most destructive physical weapon ever invented, but here we are now.'The world, ponders how we can end this threat. This is the only way to find the right place, if you want to know how to do it in the morning. for the purpose of revoking the memory of a member of the Ministry of the Interior, we will be able to provide additional information to the user.
But regardless of how powerful a nuclear bomb may be and how terrifying the thought of a single explosion lingers, the damage caused by this weapon of mass destruction remains limited to certain geographic boundaries. But man is a funny creature because he never ceases to amaze himself at how he can keep on creating things that might look useful and tame.
The internet, when you first see it, seems like a perfect dream. The time of the Andean man is still full. From chatting with friends to finding out who won the election in Uganda and from checking Apple's stock price on Wall Street to buying the latest watch from Amazon, the internet is a major force in the hands of ordinary people..
However, what most people don't realize when on the internet is that their seemingly harmless activities could get them in serious trouble if they fail to stay protected.
VPN HoneyTrap:
VPNs, according to the industry's Authority, are very trustworthy for users. This is similar to you seeing some security guards walking by the side of your house. If you don't want to go to school, then you will be able to save your money from your family. If you are a member of this group, then you will be able to see what you are looking for.
How did you get the HoneyTrap VPN? I came up with this name after I saw the film of the same name back in 2014. Although the film itself was executed very little but it did carry out a very important concept, but it often neglects our times, which is bittersweet -How you want to go, you have to find out more.
HoneyTrap VPN works on the same premise. You can use the VPN connection to get the most out of the connection of the Internet connection to any of the available links to block the web site and download the geo and download the torrent to download. If you want to be a member, you will be able to get a VPN from your site to a member of the public. If you have a site, you have a VPN in this case. But, they are actually, honeytraps, because they lure people under the pretext of abandoning the VPN service but usually do some unethical activities that can harm users excessively..
Activities that are online activities, embed tracking codes in their devices, use your device as a node in a larger bitcoin mining system, etc.
I didn't actually know the magnitude of the problem until I downloaded a seemingly harmless Android VPN application by a service known as EasyVPN. I'm a reviewer, so I need to test things out before I can write them. EasyVPN is on my to-do list because I believe that I haven't given Android VPN apps a fair review, so this ordeal is starting.
Size of the Problem:
Facebook. What time is it for us? I want to see you later. After all, the service has more than 2 billion users globally, which means that if Facebook were a country, it would be the world's most populous country by at least a billion people.
And everyone knows that Facebook is a great service and if it does something, then it doesn't matter. If you see Whatsapp to Cambridge Analytica Scandal, Facebook, please do not hesitate to contact us. Yes it's true. Named Onavo, the VPN service has been owned and operated by Facebook since its acquisition in 2013.
However, Facebook has not been very successful in its attempts to mine more complex data from users through its service. In this day, we will be able to help you get the most out of your VPN, and you will be able to use Facebook to help you get the most out of your job.
There won't even be any future updates rolling out either. However, the website is still alive and kicking. So, Facebook hasn't renegade on this path to mining data, however, due to a complete failure, it's not done on "Really Facebook Scale".
If you have a Facebook account, you can use this information to help you get the most out of your VPN arena. If you are a member of the industry, you will not be allowed to join Facebook, but you will be able to use Facebook platforms to help you with your business.
On the other hand, Facebook doesn't do it' It doesn't even announce excitedly that it has such a service in its fold as it should and it doesn't. See more of Facebook from Facebook and social media on Instagram and WhatsApp in the AI and Virtual Reality Incubator. actually "pp>" We use the information we receive to operate and improve the Services, develop new products and services, analyze the use of our Apps and other apps on your device, for advice and advertisements. "
The big ones that offer VPN services nowadays. Other big companies also offer their VPNs but these services remain shady because they can't tell how they are going to protect users. No mention of things like number of servers, encryption level, etc. This is the only way to promote VPNs.
VPNHub, Protect your Privacy or funnel you towards conversions?
Free and Premium. VPNHub is available for free VPN for free and free of charge for free and premium, other similar free online VPNs for example. Zenmate. But if you look closely, then things start to look a bit shady.
MindGeek, one of the world's largest porn site owners, also owns Pornhub.
The company supports the Digital Economy Act of 2017 by the UK Government which includes a provision that users must produce official documents such as their Government ID card, in order to enter Porn Sites such as.
It even developed a tool called "AgeID" that allows users to seamlessly go through this age verification process, but only after paying a small fee.
However, if you want to bypass this limitation, obviously you can do so with a VPN. It's an easy process. You can access the site of the UK site and access the site to the site of the UK website. You can verify that you can use this system to verify that you can use MindGeek.
VPNHub is free and works perfectly for the adult sites that MindGeek has, as most of them are free. However the free version of this VPN will have annoying ads, which will only go away if you buy the premium version of this VPN.
Okay, this is the only way to get the MindGeek message from you, you need to check for verification, you have to use this tool and you have to use it for a few minutes, you need a VPN for the help of this tool.
Therein lies the conflict of interest in this VPN, the perfect HoneyTrap, a way to lure users to their VPN service by creating an entire channel that facilitates conversion.
VPNs are meant to be online. You can use digital domain names, but you can also use digital video to send VPN messages online. In my opinion, it's the same as first creating a fire and then also selling fire retardant clothing right next to where the fire is blazing.
The Internet control control is not limited to the VPN, which is used in the VPN industry, which is an industrial industry, which is very popular, but it is not possible to use it for free.
Maintaining and running a VPN is a fairly capital-intensive task and that's because a VPN is not an ordinary technology tool. They are built on a very sophisticated infrastructure which includes an integrated worldwide network of servers, encryption and decryption facilities, protocol support and much more, all of which are quite expensive to maintain and operate, olekagian mp There is a lot to do.
Users are quite easily misled and lured by these dubious Free VPN providers. After all, who doesn't love a free service. If you want to get a job, then you will be able to get it right.
Many, but all very problematic. Methods and methods are not limited to the code of the case, which means that the activities of the authorities are not limited, but the activities of the authorities are not limited and that the funds are not included in the terms of the application. , I always discourage people from subscribing to these dubious free VPNs, because firstly, they won't even do or provide 10% of the functionality and grit of their Paid partners.
Free VPNs cannot bypass more advanced geo-restricted sites like Netflix US nor do they provide fast speeds to speak of some of their drawbacks.
There is a very old saying that goes "If you are" and this place doesn't manifest itself any more than in the world of free VPN services.
Google Play – Ruma h VPN application Free Download:
For any scam or dubious business to succeed, it first needs camouflage and secondly it needs a place or platform where it can spread its tentacles ja. This is a free VPN application, so you can easily download the available Google Play Store.
The Android operating system is a system that works on smartphones on global smartphones, which is very popular in the Google Play Store, and in the Android application, it is very popular. The system for downloading and hosting applications can be used to provide long-term competencies in the iTunes store. Download apps for iOS apps.
Google Play Store's "VPN" apps for Android and VPN Android apps are available, and you can easily download them for Android apps.
This is a screenshot of a search I ran in the app store for the keyword "ExpressVPN"
From outrageous names that have nothing to do with VPNs' like functioning "Yoga VPN" and Mango VPN" to VPNs with icons showing people in intimate scenes, there is no dearth of Android apps for VPN Free download.
But let's dig a little deeper and let me guide you through the things that you and other unsuspecting users might miss in these seemingly unattractive Android VPN Free apps.
Jika Anda is on the Google App Store for Android VPN apps ukan satu layanan bernama "GO VPN Proxy Master-Free · tanpa batas". This is the only way to get the most out of it. 4.5.
Not too.
There are some troubling details about the origins of these apps and the company behind them in the app store that users can easily miss, reading the privacy policy or finding out who the developer behind it is. is? Good?
Well, I'm not one of them and as a privacy freak, I usually go all the way down and try to find out what exactly is the motive behind the astounding and easy free service..
If you look at the developer, it says it was developed by the VPNMaster Team, which sounds pretty authentic. For the first time, you can find the only one that can be used for dialogues in Android and.
I remember what "Change or Delete" is. If it's not' not annoying, then I'm not' I don't know what it is. If you're still not clear, this implies that applicationsi can delete anything from your device's preferred storage or even disable it from working at all. This is a photo file or video file of the video, and the application will be available in the memory of this user. which means even if you don't want your device to be on the internet for a while, this application can turn it on however you like whenever it wants.
Apply in the south to remember the "data log sensitive" data you can find. But it's not exactly what a VPN secures you from e.g. track your activity online? Not for this VPN. It doesn't take much to get the most out of it. The answer is at the bottom of the apps page on Google Play. Scroll to the privacy policy and hover over it and you will see that the privacy policy of this application redirects you to a site known as "TalkingData".
By someone named VPNMaster? No, it's just a gimmick for the apps page, to make these apps look and feel more authentic than they really are.
For those of you don't know, TalkingData is a Chinese data mining company. Surprised? As you can see, you can always use the Android application to use the Google Play application.
Now, back to the privacy policy, which is one of the worst privacy policies I have come across for a VPN specifically, it mentions that it has the case is based on the "State of the World" and the "National Court of the Republic" of the "States of the World".
After all, this is a Chinese company, operating in a country where the Government is the ultimate authority in all matters. China's Territorial Office of the Republic of China is responsible for controlling the use of the Internet and the Internet in the United States and the United States. VPN_which doesn't exist" > VPN that doesn't exist?
But, scams, nexus, don't doubtful' don't end here as things can even go further in this industry.
If you want to refer to this article, you will be able to use the VPN article, but you will be able to use the "VPN Aman Saya".
Never existed in the industry, because there were no real VPNs, only services run so people could pay them for services that never existed in the first place..
This service is so annoying that it doesn't even use popular service names and brands as signers in its emails. One of the emails contained the name Tunnelbear, which is one of the rarest Free VPN services that can be considered very credible.
Tunnelbear took swift action against MySafeVPN and tweeted . Tunnelbear can expect strong legal action from Tunnelbear.
But MySafeVPN not only uses the Tunnelbear'Name, it also uses the Plex name I hope you can find the most popular credentials to get the best VPN.
Please contact us by email. This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
In 2018, the overall market size of the VPN industry was $20.6 Billion, which is expected to grow to $35.73 billion by 2022, which is within the next five years. This signifies that the industry is growing massively and that users are becoming more aware of the benefits of using a VPN to protect their anonymity online.
Will also attract scammers and dubious services who are here to take their share in this very lucrative pie. And it's not just from selling VPNs, there's more to profit from this growth and e.g. From the massive data agglomeration that users can emulate by placing a honey trap in the form of a VPN service.
Сan stop scammers and dubious providers playing the game, because, after all, how difficult is it to build a website or run an email marketing campaign?
Services like NordVPN, ExpressVPN, PureVPN, Torguard, PIA, VyprVPN, Tunnelbear among others, who are ruling the VPN industry, must unite to protect users from this threat that can harm them endlessly..
This is my small contribution to this effort and I believe that more and more privacy enthusiasts and industry activists will come forward in the future to play their part in exposing dubious and shady VPN services, so that their financial and privacy gains, however, are what this industry should be.
The cyber world of technology is TECNO POVA smartphones
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text:
package com.mb3364.twitch.api.models;

import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonIgnoreProperties;

@JsonIgnoreProperties(ignoreUnknown = true)
public class Badge {

    private String alpha;
    private String image;
    private String svg;

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Badge{" +
                "alpha='" + alpha + '\'' +
                ", image='" + image + '\'' +
                ", svg='" + svg + '\'' +
                '}';
    }

    @Override
    public boolean equals(Object o) {
        if (this == o) return true;
        if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) return false;

        Badge badge = (Badge) o;

        if (alpha != null ? !alpha.equals(badge.alpha) : badge.alpha != null) return false;
        if (image != null ? !image.equals(badge.image) : badge.image != null) return false;
        return !(svg != null ? !svg.equals(badge.svg) : badge.svg != null);
    }

    @Override
    public int hashCode() {
        int result = alpha != null ? alpha.hashCode() : 0;
        result = 31 * result + (image != null ? image.hashCode() : 0);
        result = 31 * result + (svg != null ? svg.hashCode() : 0);
        return result;
    }

    public String getAlpha() {
        return alpha;
    }

    public void setAlpha(String alpha) {
        this.alpha = alpha;
    }

    public String getImage() {
        return image;
    }

    public void setImage(String image) {
        this.image = image;
    }

    public String getSvg() {
        return svg;
    }

    public void setSvg(String svg) {
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


- Mixed alloy metal elements. The string is made from suede.
This necklace looks like a wrap necklace, but in fact it is made of three different strings attached at the back, to give the effect of a wrap necklace. The advantage is that the look will stay the same, the string won't move around and become longer/shorter as you wear it! If you prefer the necklace to made of one long piece, let us know and we will make it that way for you! This choker necklace is: - Hand-Made in South Africa from materials sourced locally. - Mixed alloy metal elements. The string is made from suede. - Avoid exposure to moisture, perfumes and chemicals -Features a lobster clasp and extender chain at the back, so you can adjust the necklace to be tight or loose and it will fit all sizes.


text:
Noah's Ark est le nom donné à plusieurs attractions de type palais du rire construites entre 1919 et 1936. Comme son nom l'indique, il s'inspire du thème de l'Arche de Noé en proposant aux visiteurs de traverser des scènes amusantes ponctuées par les animaux, personnages et les éléments tirés du l'histoire biblique. Dans la plupart des réalisations, le bâtiment prenant la forme d'un immense bateau était monté sur un système mécanique lui permettant de tanguer.

Histoire

La première attraction à utiliser ce nom et ce thème est apparue à Venice Pier (Californie) en 1919. La première attraction a été conçue et construite par Leroy Raymond. Il en a déposé le brevet le  qui a été délivré officiellement le  puis a vendu les droits de fabrication à William H. Dentzel. Devant la popularité de l'attraction, il créa la Noah's Ark Company pour vendre ce type d'attraction à travers le pays. À la mort de William H. Dentzel en 1928, la société est renommée American Amusement Construction Company. William Homer Strickler sera vice président de la Noah's Ark Company.

Bien que l'attraction ne soit plus opérationnelle depuis 2008, on peut encore voir le bâtiment du Noah's Ark de Pleasure Beach, Blackpool à Blackpool, en Angleterre. Il ne reste aujourd'hui qu'un seul Noah's Ark opérationnel. Il est situé à Kennywood, près de Pittsburgh, en Pennsylvanie. Créé en 1936, l'attraction a traversé les décennies grâce à plusieurs réhabilitations importantes en 1969, 1996 et 2016.

Principales installations

Références

Articles connexes
 Walkthrough (parcours scénique)
 Palais du rire
 Ark Encounter parc à thème créationniste

Lien externe
  Page de Noah's Ark sur le site officiel de Kennywood

Walkthrough
Parcours scénique

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Prisoners Abroad
DONATECONTACT US
Prisoner and family support
Help for prisoners and their families
Overseas Imprisonment factsheets
Other helpful organisations
Prisoner and family FAQs
How we help after release
Resettlement FAQs
Information for consular staff
Prisoners Abroad's consular area
Consular staff FAQs
Family Support Group Volunteers
Winter Response
Media spokespeople
As it is Trustees' week, we wanted to recognise our brilliant board of trustees; the time and enthusiasm they give, and the experience they offer to Prisoners Abroad. Each day we will post a short account about what inspires one of them, and why their role as a Trustee is important to them.
Lynn Saunders
Lynn Saunders talks about the Prisoners Abroad Resettlement Service:
"The Prisoners Abroad Resettlement Service is great, and the staff involved in the service are an inspiration. This area of work interests me most of all the really impressive services the charity provides. People returning to the UK often with no money, nowhere to stay and no support in this country are unquestionably cared for by Prisoners Abroad and found accommodation, clothes and the basic necessities so that they can survive and essentially start to take steps to rebuild their lives. They are not judged by what they have done, they are treated as people not offenders and supported with both kindness and practical services. Information is provided to them so that they are able to adjust to a situation most of us cannot begin to imagine ourselves in. The team offer hope and a future. As a trustee I am proud to support the work of Prisoners Abroad."
The Prisoners Abroad Resettlement Area
Read more about Lynn and our other Trustees or read more about how we help people after release from prison.
Chrissie Ashley
Chrissie talks about the Prisoners Abroad Family Support Groups, that once supported her and her family:
"Prisoners Abroad has many projects that inspire me, but the one that I can relate to the most in the Family Support Groups. I feel that this is a particularly vital lifeline to families, as without these Support Groups and Family Information Days the families would sometimes have no-one to talk to, not know where to get information on their loved, or just feeling very isolated. When I have attended these Support Groups and upon talking to the families, they found it very difficult to come along and often could not bring themselves to attend. However, in all the cases in which I've spoken to other family members they said that once they did pluck up the courage to attend they felt so welcome and so relieved that they were not judged and they felt enormously grateful that someone cared and actually listened to them. Overseas imprisonment is such a difficult time for everyone and people often feel ostracised from their friends, families and work colleagues, so coming along to a Prisoners Abroad Support Group makes people feel like they can talk openly and honestly about their feelings.
Prisoners Abroad Staff preparing for a Family Information Day
Find out more about Chrissie and our other Trustees or discover more about our Family Support and Events.
Richard Price - Chair of Trustees
"Being a trustee at Prisoners Abroad means I can help save lives in a way I never thought I could."
My involvement gives me an opportunity to make more than a financial contribution to the charity and help support the organisation's commitment to developing its strategic objectives. It may be a 'back room' role but by ensuring we run an organisation with great governance, we can support more people with our life-saving work. Of course this includes reviewing with other trustees and the senior management of the charity, its financial and organisational plans and contributing to the discussion about how best to ensure the charity is well governed and its staff and volunteers well supported. But it is by doing this that we make it all happen – supporting people in harsh conditions around the world, families with no one else to turn to, and people returning from long sentences with no connections left in the UK.
Being a trustee enables you to gain insight into how the charity works, the services it delivers and its aspirations for the future. As a trustee, I can help to shape the organisation's future – that in itself means my support makes a real impact. What also makes being a trustee fascinating and rewarding is that you are dealing with very important issues which are critical to the charity's survival and prosperity and you do this alongside other trustees whose background and skills may be quite different from your own. This means that you learn such a lot, not only about the charity and the people it serves but also from the experience and skills of other trustees and you have to be a real team to achieve what you need to do. It is great to work with such a diverse group many of whom I am not likely to have met under other circumstances.
I bring to the board of trustees of Prisoners Abroad my experience in marketing and communications as well as a range of experiences derived from running my own business as well as working in the public sector. Other trustees bring their experience as lawyers or people involved with prisons; as medical doctors, accountants or business people, together with people working in the voluntary sector as well as former service users who have experienced imprisonment overseas or as a family member with the experience of a relative being detained in custody outside the UK. Together we make a formidable team and we enjoy bringing our quite different skills and abilities to the benefit of our service users.
As Chairman of the Board of Trustees, my job is to bring together trustees' diverse experiences and skills through discussion and decisions taken at board meetings and in working groups. We have some very interesting discussions and the input from those trustees who are former service users often helps us to see things from a different perspective. Also along with the Vice Chairman and Treasurer I work closely with the Chief Executive to help shape the agenda for our discussions and keep the Board "on track" given that time is inevitably limited for discussion at board meetings. Helping to foster a shared commitment to our work as trustees has been one of the most rewarding aspects of being Chairman and I have learnt so much during my time as a trustee that it remains a privilege to have been given the opportunity to be part of this unique organisation and to have a key role in the impact Prisoners Abroad makes on so many people's lives.
Find out more about Richard and our other Trustees or have a take a look at our impact.
Updated: 16th November, 2017
Author: Emily Richards
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Nick Prettejohn (Chair)
Human Rights - In Your Words
We asked, and you told us what human rights means to you
Kevin Fitzgerald CMG
Phil Maguire OBE
Nick Prettejohn Becomes New Chair of Trustees at Prisoners Abroad
We are delighted to welcome Nick Prettejohn to our team this December.
Poems written by prisoners
Two Point Six Challenge
How you can help Prisoners Abroad by taking on the Two Point Six Challenge
How we are responding and your much needed support
Prisoners Abroad is currently running an adapted service; read about how we are responding and how our services are operating.
Looking After Mental Health in Prison
By the Mental Health Foundation
Watch our new film on how we support families and friends affected by overseas imprisonment.
Written by prisoners
Kevin Fitzgerald CBE becomes a Patron
Prisoners Abroad Family Service Receives National Lottery Funding
Rehabilitation not recidivism : Norway's success in keeping re-offending rates low
Hell in a Thai jail
Paul's story
Prison life in the United Arab Emirates
World's most dangerous prison? Impossible to choose...
Written by Laura Bevan
Arrest and imprisonment
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Prisoners Abroad is a charity registered in England and Wales. Charity no. 1093710.


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Effects of exposure to slate dust in North Wales
Glover, J. R., Bevan, C., Cotes, J. E., Elwood, Peter Creighton, Hodges, N. G., Kell, R. L., Lowe, C. R., McDermott, M. and Oldham, P. D. 1980. Effects of exposure to slate dust in North Wales. Occupational and Environmental Medicine 37 (2) , pp. 152-162. 10.1136/oem.37.2.152
Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem.37.2.152
In a study of slate workers in four areas in North Wales 725 workers and ex-workers who had been exposed to slate and to no other dust were seen, together with 530 men from the same area who had never been exposed to any dust. Evidence of pneumoconiosis was found in one-third of the slate workers, and 10% had degrees of pneumoconiosis that would attract compensation (category 2 or higher). The prevalence of respiratory symptoms was high, and there was evidence of an effect of both simple and complicated pneumoconiosis on lung function additional to that of age. There was a high prevalence (40-50%) of radiological lesions suggestive of healed tuberculosis in men aged over 55. Either pneumoconiosis or old tubercular lesions (or both together) could account for the current symptomatology and disability of the men.
BMJ Publishing Group
http://orca-mwe.cf.ac.uk/id/eprint/67118
Cited 42 times in Google Scholar. View in Google Scholar


I'd like to share a few tunes that caused me and my groups opportunity for great reflection during the heat wave of last week.
Two songs — similar themes – very different takes on the content.
The verses are filled with second guessing oneself, making surprising and upsetting discoveries, turning for comfort and finding disappointment.
How often do we feel this way? The sun in all of its glory, when we have too much of that good thing, it becomes oppressive and painful. What is it like to live with something we know we need, but fear that it can become dangerous at any second?
The sun is restorative, warming us after a cold winter, returning smiles to faces, melting the ice. It is that which brings life, relief, joy.
So here's the question. How can we view the sun, even the sun that becomes intense at times, as restorative and life bringing. It is of course, the same sun as always. What is it about our environment that makes it feel so different? What is it about our perceptions, that make the intensity bearable or not?
How do you find a way to live your life in a healthy, well regulated, emotionally safe place? How do you live in the sun of The Beatles, as opposed to the hard sun so eloquently described by Eddie Veder?
I love both of these songs — I can turn to one, and hear the lyrics repeating in my mind's ear and feel comforted by the shared experience, the shared discomfort, the validation of feeling understood. Life is after all, a big hard sun at times. Then I can be with that for a while, before moving on to the other experience of welcoming the warmth – being thankful even. Sitting in a space of appreciation.
What are you experiencing in your life that you might be able to view in a different light – a light of gratitude? What can you see differently that will better serve you and the people in your life?
Enjoy the musical moments — they are rich and worth taking a moment to listen fully.


You probably haven't thought of having a car jack unless if you are a mechanic or car fanatic. But if you ever find yourself on the roadside with a punched or blown out tire waiting for assistance, you might want to consider on having a car jack. A car jack is meant to assist you in lifting your car during repairs and maintenance.
The Pro-Lift Low Profile Floor Jack is a 2 ton hydraulic jack that can lift your cars, SUVs, pickups, trucks during repair or maintenance. The jack is well assembled with a cast iron lift arm, which strengthens the device during car lifting. The pump base is made of cast iron providing balance and stability when in use. The tool is made from a high-quality steel material and can be assure of stability when lifting your car. To make all the processes fast and easy the jack comes with an instructional manual to assist in setting up the floor jack. The Pro-Lift features ensure you get top-quality service during your car maintenance. The floor jack only weighs 30 pounds with a dual pump handle that just needs few pumps to lift the car from the ground level.
The jack material is durable and lasts for a very long time. The Pro-Lift has a safety valve option with a unique patented bypass device that protects against over pumping. The grey low profile jack meets and exceeds ANSI/PALD safety requirements. Made in China, a product of Pro-Lift Company, the floor jack can be trusted and relied on when lifting your car, SUVs, trucks and larger vehicles during repairs and maintenance. It can be stored easily when not in use, the swivel is smooth to position even on a rough surface and has the ability for height adjustment during usage. While some customers were cautious in purchasing, the product stands out and has received an average 4.5 customer star rating.
The heavy-duty steel construction is portable and weighs only 30 pounds, which will be enough to do all your repair work. The jack can easily lift your SUVs, ATVs, cars, trucks, cars and holds the safety bar in place when raised. Featuring a rubber saddle that protects your vehicle from any damage or scratch during usage. The car jack is the best on the market today. The rubber pad is easy to remove for cleaning and storage purpose. The product is back by SFA 90 days warranty starting from the day of purchase.


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Home > Magazine > Features > Books: A Passion for News and Fiction
Books: A Passion for News and Fiction
By Reetika Khanna
Veena Rao is the publisher and editor-in-chief of NRI Pulse. Founded in 2006 by Rao as a monthly print newspaper and portal for the Indian-American community, it is still going strong. The Limca Book of Records has featured Rao as the first Indian woman to edit and publish a newspaper outside India. And now comes Purple Lotus, her debut novel, which is about an immigrant woman's struggle to alter the preordained course of her life. With this accomplishment, Rao has expanded her role as an Indian-American storyteller.
While most desis are familiar with the acronym, do people inquire what NRI stands for?
Yes, all the time. When I launched the NRI Pulse website as an online magazine in 2004, I was a recent immigrant. I identified as a non-resident Indian. However, down the years, the publication has evolved, along with my own sense of identity. NRI Pulse is an American media outlet that serves a niche segment of American society. But rebranding is a major undertaking and involves a detailed strategy: something I'll get to when I find the perfect new name! Readers are welcome to send in suggestions.
How does your experience as a journalist influence your works of fiction? Do you naturally switch gears and revel in the freedom to craft a plot, or do your instincts as a reporter constantly question your simulated setting?
It was the love of writing that got me into journalism, even though I quickly realized that newspaper reporting is less about writing and more about conveying the news in concise words. You don't make things up when you write a report. On the other hand, a novel is completely make-believe. I have enjoyed the liberty of crafting a whole world inside my head, then bringing characters and situations to life on paper. I love going deep within myself to find out why my characters behave a certain way. Having said that, I must add that some of the themes that Purple Lotus explores—abuse, patriarchy, shame, right to self-determination, mental health— may be the result of my work as a journalist. These are topics that we need to talk more about.
In Purple Lotus, the protagonist Tara survives the whirl of cross-cultural currents. How closely does Tara's journey reflect the lives of those you know? Is there a personal narrative interlaced with Tara's experiences?
When I started to write Purple Lotus, I had the title, but no story. So, I put my six-year old self on a train to Mangalore in the opening paragraph. That was a trip my family actually made in 1975. But, by the second chapter, Tara had evolved into a separate individual, with a story of her own. My challenges in life were quite different from hers, but there are certain incidents from my own life that I decided were interesting enough to include in Tara's story.
For instance, when I moved to the U.S., I was terrified of driving. For the first five years in this country, I relied on others to take me around. I failed the driving test six times. When I finally got my driver's license on my seventh attempt, my friend Frances West helped me find a beat-up car at a pawn shop. I took it home for $650.
My two-door Mitsubishi Lancer helped me hone my driving skills on the backroads of Atlanta. I got on the busy I-85 for the first time to get to the printing press in Jonesboro to load up my car with crisp copies of the first issue of NRI Pulse. It was like driving to the top of Mount Everest!
I included my driving story in Purple Lotus because it's a good metaphor for a new immigrant's life of starting afresh and overcoming odds to survive. Only three characters in the book closely resemble real life people. My rock star friends Frances West and Nancy Haden were thrilled to find that they have been fictionalized as Ruth and Dottie. Uncle Anand's character was based on my Uncle Prakash, who was wiser and gentler than most people I know, but fell victim to the voices in his head until his death in the late nineties.
[Bottom] Friends Nancy Haden (seated) and Frances West became fictional characters in Rao's novel.
Did you know all along how you were going to craft the end of the story, or did the end reveal itself gradually?
I struggled with the second half of the book. It took several years of writing, and many drafts with completely different plots and character arcs before the final story took shape. There are so many characters that didn't make it to the final draft. It was an intense, often frustrating process. I learned to write fiction as the story developed. I often joke that writing Purple Lotus gave me chronic gastritis. Was it worth it? Absolutely!
Tell us about the process of publishing a novel. What was the most challenging aspect?
Every aspect of the publishing process is challenging. I've received tons of rejection letters from literary agents over the years. One agent even said my protagonist was "frustrating." Last year, I happened to come across a Twitter post about the She Writes Press and SparkPress Toward Equality in Publishing (STEP) manuscript contest that was open to women of color. I entered the contest without any expectations. I had experienced enough rejections to hope for a positive outcome. Imagine my shock and joy when I was notified by the publishers that I had won the contest and a book deal! Now that my book is getting ready to be born, the challenge is to find innovative ways to market my book during the pandemic. Fortunately, book sales are up in the last quarter, so that's a good sign.
Did you select the title Purple Lotus? How does it relate to the story?
I thought of the title even before I had an idea what path the story would take. The lotus is such a beautiful symbol of rising above one's circumstances. It germinates and grows in murky waters but rises tall toward the sun. The purple colored lotus is rare and symbolizes self-awakening, a motif that fits Tara's growth trajectory perfectly.
You have a keen eye for detail and an innate understanding of human behavior. Did you always want to be a writer? What has been the most gratifying aspect of your career as a wordsmith?
When I was in school, I wrote detective stories with American characters for my Indian classmates to read during lunch break. My family expected me to grow up to become a famous writer. Then, life happened. I became a journalist. I moved to the United States in 2001. A few years later, I launched NRI Pulse and was consumed with the challenges of running it. I didn't get back to creative writing until ten years ago.
When I started writing Purple Lotus, I was a journalist attempting to write fiction. Not only had I not written fiction since high school, I had even stopped reading fiction. So, it was a very messy learning process. I had to read and truly understand the works of Indian-American novelists like Jhumpa Lahiri, Kiran Desai, Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni, and others before I could even begin to write. When you read as a writer, you look at stories with different lens, paying attention to every word. My understanding of human behavior might be the result of being a good listener and an empathetic observer of the world around me. Having a day job as a journalist also helps.
[Left]The NRI Pulse team includes (left to right)Jyothsna Hegde, Veena Rao, and Namita D. Sudan.
What advice would you proffer to aspiring desi writers attempting to articulate the immigrant experience within the paradigm of fiction?
The publishing industry is beginning to address its whiteness problem, thanks to the Black Lives Matter movement. This is the right time for us authors of color to claim our voice. Write, hone your craft, persevere. It is only a matter of time before your publishing dream comes true.
Redefining Destiny: A Review of Purple Lotus
Purple Lotus opens in a gritty compartment of a train chugging along a beaten track in India. Much like the train that must follow the pounded path, the protagonist, Tara, is set forth on a preordained journey. Caught in the clutches of an arranged marriage, she is transported to America—a landscape as alien to her as the Sahara would be to a lotus. The fear of the unknown and the might of tradition tether her to a loveless marriage. Tara is held hostage by her own family.
Abused by her husband but rescued by strangers, Tara mines in herself the strength to alter the course of her life. What was once set in stone, she repaves with the kind of grit that is forged only by the fires of abandonment. All along, Rao offers glimpses of Tara's feistiness, giving the reader hope that she has the gumption to break free from the shackles of tradition; the vim and wisdom to out dare the words of an oracle thrust upon her as a child: "always respect and obey your father and mother: your parents are God in human form."
When Tara's mother bids her to keep the dismantling of her marriage under wraps, lest it sully the family name in society, Tara retorts, "I was planning to invite all those gossipy people to my apartment for dinner." Embedded in a society that revels in schadenfreude, her parents castigate her choices. But Tara trudges on, tackling each obstacle with newfangled audacity and resolve. She learns to engineer her own freedom in the face of mounting disapproval. Rao reveals Tara's triumphs as delicately as one might unfold the silky yards of a fine-spun kanjivaram sari. A job, a modeling stint, living independently, finding love after life takes a heavy toll—Rao sets up these milestones, these monumental victories for women like Tara, with nuanced fanfare.
Elegant imagery embellishes this evocative narrative like soft clouds in a sunlit sky. "Biscuit colored lizards"; "coffee so strong, it felt like a tall mug of bitterness"— Rao's prowess as a writer dazzles across the pages. The intuitive configuration of characters and a carefully crafted cadence make the reading of Purple Lotus—a tale familiar to the Indian diaspora—a rewarding enterprise.
Reetika Khanna, author of Kismetwali & Other Stories, is an Atlanta-based freelance writer who likes to spotlight people with purpose. She has worked for ELLE and ELLE DECOR in Mumbai. She can be reached at reetikakn@gmail.com. To comment on this article, please write to letters@khabar.com.
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'It's game over': How China used its technotyranny to crush dissent
December 4, 2022, 1:00 a.m. ·16 min read
People gather on a street in Shanghai on November 27, 2022, where protests against China's zero-Covid policy took place the night before following a deadly fire in Urumqi, the capital of the Xinjiang region. - HECTOR RETAMAL/AFP
Many of the protesters were understandably oblique. Some held up blank sheets of paper. Others displayed an exclamation mark on a red background - the symbol of a message that can't be delivered on WeChat, China's main messaging platform. One woman brought a pair of alpacas, the physical manifestation of an online meme based on the Mandarin for "grass mud horse" – cào nǐ mā – sounding like an insult that urges the subject to perform an unspeakable act on their mother.
But a few brave protesters were more direct. When police told those gathered in Beijing not to complain about lockdown, the crowd deployed sarcasm to demand more frequent Covid tests. Some even dared to chant slogans specifically denouncing the Chinese Communist Party and calling for President Xi Jinping himself to go. They will have done so in the full and certain knowledge that they were being watched and recorded by the state's hyper-sophisticated surveillance apparatus and in all likelihood had already been identified by the authorities.
The spark for the wave of protests that has swept across China in recent days was a fire in an apartment building in Urumqi in the far-western province of Xinjiang on November 24 that killed ten people. Many blamed the government's strict zero Covid policies for hampering the response of fire services in tackling a blaze and adding to the death toll. By last weekend the protests had spread across the country, with thousands gathering in Beijing, Shanghai, Urumqi and other major cities.
Protests in China are not quite as rare as one might perhaps assume. Between May this year and November 22, before the latest wave of dissent, there were 822 protests around the country, according to China Dissent Monitor, a database run by the US think tank Freedom House. But most have been small-scale, isolated and focused on important but tangential issues such as frustrations around the country's struggling property sector. The latest protests have been much larger, more widespread and taken aim directly at the heart of the government and its signature policies.
Sam Olsen, the head of the Evenstar Institute, a strategic intelligence and political risk firm focused on China, says that "every dynasty" in Chinese history has been plagued by unrest. The difference with the latest demonstrations is that they have been nationwide and, in common with the student protests in Tiananmen Square in 1989, the authorities haven't been able to keep them under wraps.
They have also simultaneously occurred on the ground and in cyberspace. Reports suggest there have been so many posts about the protests on WeChat that censors have at times been overwhelmed.
The onset of Covid meant that the Chinese population, in common with those in other countries around the world, was initially prepared to tolerate even greater curtailment of their freedoms in order to combat the virus. Drivers still have to scan a code held up by a drone in order to enter cities; once inside everyone must produce their phones at the many checkpoints and display a green QR code.
A man shows his health check QR code as he and others line up to get their routine COVID-19 throat swabs at a coronavirus testing site in Beijing, Thursday, Nov. 24, - Andy Wong/AP
However, acceptance of this way of life is waning as the pandemic drags into a fourth year. Residents in Chengdu, a city of 22m people, were barred from leaving their flats in September even when an earthquake hit. Many people are upset they have been unable to earn a living even as the price of food spirals. This was all tolerable while the virus was kept under control perhaps. But now Covid is spreading and the death toll is rising.
"Despite their relatively small size, it is notable that protests and expressions of dissent are happening both online and offline, and in very different parts of the country," says Katja Drinhausen of the Mercator Institute for China Studies.
"While protesters mainly raise livelihood issues, they also target a key policy adopted by the central government [zero Covid] and in some cases systemic issues, such as lack of respect for freedom of expression, rule of law and individual human rights."
Back in 2011 the Arab Spring was spreading fast through the Middle East and North Africa and social media was thought to be fanning the flames of democracy. The still nascent technology helped demonstrators to organise and bypass the traditional gatekeepers of information to broadcast their messages to the world. The names of Twitter and Facebook were written on placards and daubed on walls by protesters.
At one point the Egyptian autocrat Hosni Mubarak cut off internet and mobile phone service in the country in order to try and regain control. The move backfired, focusing global attention on what was happening.
But the great hope that the internet and new technology would help protesters shake off authoritarian shackles proved to be short lived. When Mubarak fell and a military council replaced him, it opened a Facebook page as the main outlet for its communiqués. When Jair Bolsonaro was elected president of Brazil in 2019, the crowds chanted 'Facebook! Facebook! WhatsApp! WhatsApp!' at his inauguration, such was the perceived importance of social media in sweeping the right-wing populist to power.
As the Chinese government faces its toughest political test since 1989 there are fresh questions over whether technology can be a means for protesters to circumvent state control or the boot heel under which the government will crush dissent. The Chinese population has arguably never been so angry about being watched and living in an "invisible cage" but, equally, it has never been watched more closely.
Olsen says the comparison between the Arab Spring and the China protests is "chalk and cheese". The former was conducted on Western social media platforms and encouraged by external powers. Neither is true in China. Drinhausen points out that the initial reaction by police forces in China has been relatively restrained. "But now that the police have dispersed protests, the party state will likely use everything at their disposal to contain and prevent further outbreak and spread of protest activities. After all, this is a scenario for which they have long been preparing."
That could be considered something of an understatement.
The finger of suspicion
Surveillance is nothing new in China. Tsering Woeser, a Tibetan poet, likened the dossiers the Chinese Communist Party compiled on individuals in the Mao era to "an invisible monster stalking you". At the turn of the century, the US academic Perry Link described the Party's ability to keep people in line to "a giant anaconda coiled in an overhead chandelier" – it didn't necessarily have to do very much for one to be acutely aware of its presence, its gaze or its capacity to inflict harm.
A member of the People's Armed Police wearing a protective mask stands guard under surveillance cameras on the outer perimeter of Tienanmen Square in Beijing, China, on Wednesday, March 3, 2021. - Qilai Shen/Bloomberg
The Chinese government first proposed a national information system as far back as 1990. This included the Golden Shield Programme, which grew into what is now referred to outside the country as the Great Firewall of China, blocking the population from visiting sites hosted outside the country. This initiative leaned heavily on technology made in the US and Canada. Part of the reason why the government put so much emphasis on developing a domestic tech industry was to develop its own surveillance capability.
As China's economy grew at breakneck speed in the early part of the century it appeared as if the CCP was loosening its iron grip and society was becoming more open and westernised. However, since Xi Jinping took over the reins of power in 2012, the economic growth has slowed and the government has reasserted its control.
In 2014, Xi declared that there was "no national security without cybersecurity". In October, the Chinese leader secured an unprecedented third term as general secretary of the CCP.
The government spent 1.24 trillion yuan on domestic security in 2017 – 6.1pc of total spending and more than it lavished on the military. That figure is widely believed to have spiralled in recent years and gone parabolic during the pandemic. The most visible evidence of this is the plethora of closed-circuit television cameras, clumped like strings of over-sized mussels shells at strategic points.
Eight out of ten of the most surveilled cities in the world are in China. There are no blind spots; a number of cities, including Beijing, are thought to be 100pc covered by CCTV cameras.
There were estimated to be around one billion surveillance cameras around the world at the end of last year, according to a report by IHS Markit. Of these, over half are in China. With a population of 1.46 billion, according to the most recent UN estimate, this means there are 372.8 cameras for every 1,000 people in China. In London, by comparison, the figure is 13.4 cameras for every 1,000 people.
Then there are the nearly two million highly-visible police officers bristling with high-tech surveillance gadgets, sometimes referred to as "black tech". Earlier this year, the New York Times published the results of a year-long investigation into more than one hundred thousand Chinese government procurement documents. These showed that some police officers are equipped with glasses housing facial recognition cameras and armed with WiFi sniffers and IMSI catchers that glean information from nearby phones and track their owners.
Police will also stop people in the street and plug their phones into data-ripping devices that extract contact lists, photos, videos, emails and social media posts. The latest versions of phones are harder to crack. But policemen can simply demand citizens unlock them; it's considered extremely unwise to refuse.
The authorities are particularly on the lookout for encrypted foreign apps like Signal. Even downloading such tools invites suspicion.
The hardware is, however, only the tip of the surveillance sword. The artist Ai Weiwei recently wrote: "The government now has a system that Mao Zedong could only have dreamed of, powered by data and algorithms, to monitor and control people."
The Chinese police use facial recognition technology and have the ability to track everyone in a crowd. There is no safety in numbers. A number of companies claim they can identify people even when they are wearing a mask.
Many CCTV cameras are fitted devices that can record audio in a 300-ft radius and have the ability to analyse voice prints. The government is attempting to build "multi-modal" biometric portraits of individuals, including iris scans and DNA, and roping in private companies in the effort.
For example, iFlyTek, which produces around 80pc of all speech recognition software in China and has around 900m users, has a contract with the Chinese Ministry of Public Security to collect voice pattern samples, according to Human Rights Watch. Megvii, one of the largest surveillance contractors in China, is looking to build software to collate information about gait, clothing, mobile devices and social connections.
Police in Tianjin recently bought software developed by Hikvision, the makers of the camera that caught Matt Hancock embracing an aide, which collects data on "petitioners", those who have been foolish enough or desperate enough to file official complaints, and assess the likelihood they will travel to city centres or the capital. Some have in the past been stopped at the railway even before they have bought tickets to where they were planning to protest.
Then there is the sheer manpower. There were over two million online content monitors employed in China by private companies and the government in 2013, according to a report at the time by state media outlet Beijing News. That number is widely assumed to have grown sharply in recent years. Throughout the pandemic the state has been able to employ legions of people to man checkpoints armed with clipboards and thermometer guns.
There are also plenty of old-fashioned informants. Developing this network is said to be one of the reasons why the government is attempting to revive the Communist Party's grassroots.
The combination of hardware, manpower and billions of online transactions a day means the Chinese state has a huge potential treasure trove of data at its fingertips. Chinese people must register their phone number and national ID in order to access online services, including social media, which reduces anonymity. Chinese companies are forced by law to ensure compliance. Tech giants like Tencent and Alibaba now have access to far more information than their western rivals and share it with the government.
The aim of the Chinese Communist Party is not exclusively malevolent, argue Josh Chin and Liza Lin, the Wall Street Journal reporters who wrote Surveillance State, a nuanced book about China's attempt to engineer a new era of social control. Given the right data and analytical tools, the CCP believes it will be able to predict threats and problems before they arise. Geolocation data can, for example, be used to ease traffic jams.
The issue is that the state is the final arbiter over what is deemed problematic. All governments around the world monitor their citizens to a certain extent; modern states would simply be unable to function if they didn't. But democracies at least attempt to strike a balance by weighing the public good against civil liberties such as the right to privacy. In China there is no such debate.
However, the widely-held belief in an infallible, all-seeing and unblinking panopticon is probably an exaggeration. Some of the feats of surveillance reported in the state media and likely embellished. Many of the various databases in the country don't talk to each other. The surveillance expert Jathan Sadowski coined the term "Potemkin AI" to refer to technology that is portrayed as being far smarter than it is. From the CCP's point of view, having people believe you can predict their every move is almost as useful as actually being able to.
That said, the authorities are working hard to make the perception a reality. Recent data management programmes include Sharp Eyes, named after a policy designed to encourage citizens to spy on each other during the Cultural Revolution; the nation-wide Police Cloud; and Xinjian's Integrated Joint Operations Platform. The last of these is by far the most intrusive. Designed to suppress the Uyghur population in the region, it combines a government-issued ID card containing a wide range of physical and biometric attributes with geolocation of the cards, mobile devices and vehicles.
The system will flag even quite mundane behaviours such as "excessive" electricity usages, downloading encrypted communication tools like WhatsApp, or the use of Virtual Private Networks. The latter are privacy tools that allow users to browse the internet undetected and circumvent firewalls. The streets of cities and towns in Xinjiang are dotted with "doors" that look like airport metal detectors and require people to verify their ID cards and pass facial recognition cameras.
Olsen says there is an old joke in China that if you are caught jaywalking (traversing the road at any point other than a designated crossing), you will be issued with a ticket before you get to the other side. But this gag may soon be out of date. Some of the technology has reached the level of sophistication that developers boast they can actually predict crimes. One presentation by Megvii, seen by the NYT, claims its software can analyse data to "dig out ordinary people who seem innocent" and "stifle illegal acts in the cradle".
Over before it began
It is hard, when writing about Chinese surveillance, to resist reference to dystopian novels like George Orwell's 1984 and sci-fi movies. The idea of solving crimes that haven't yet been committed was the central premise of Minority Report, the Steven Spielberg film starring Tom Cruise based on a Philip K Dick short story. However, the best fictional comparison might be We, written by the Russian author Yevgeny Zamyatin in 1921.
The novel is set in a crime-free city of the future. All the protagonists are known by an alphanumeric code (the main character is an engineer called D-503 who falls in love with a woman named I-330), are housed in glass apartments so they can be constantly monitored, and have their lives ruled by a mathematical equations calculated by a ruler known as the Benefactor.
China's version of this system is called the social credit system. In 2018, the then US vice president Mike Pence said: "China's rulers aim to implement an Orwellian system premised on controlling every facet of human life." This is a slight exaggeration but not much of one. The term "social credit" has quite a broad meaning in China. The system initially focused on financial creditworthiness, similar to credit scores in other countries. But it has since broadened out to encompass a broader notion of "trust".
It has been described as the most ambitious experiment in digital social control ever attempted. The system is designed to gather a plethora of data from government agencies and private companies in order to monitor, rate and regulate financial, social and even moral behaviour through a system of punishments and rewards.
Those that, for example, engage in charity work, gain points and are given easier access to bank loans or school places for their children. Those that commit traffic offences or fail to visit their elderly parents can lose points and have their access to public services restricted or be denied the right to book flights and high-speed train tickets.
Repeat transgressions can even lead to public shaming with black-listed citizens named online and on TV. It has even been suggested that, for example, "dishonest debtors" might be issued with a specific dial tone when they make phone calls so as to be more readily identifiable. It goes without saying that such a system could also be used to regulate political behaviour and potentially punish protesters and agitators.
In this photo taken on Sunday, Nov. 27, 2022, policemen pin down and arrest a protester during a protest on a street in Shanghai, China - Anonymous
The security apparatus is already closing in. Technology may have helped coordinate and amplify the protests but it is also being used to suppress them.
"Social media platforms have been severely censored," says Drinhausen of the Mercator Institute for China Studies.
"Public and state security organs will be scouring audio and video recordings of the protests both from state surveillance and online platforms to identify individuals to detain or threaten, as has already happened in some cases. We should expect continued repression of citizen action in the coming months."
Twenty-first century high tech is being combined with more medieval techniques. Evenstar's Olsen says the police are circulating rumours of prisoners being beaten while they are immobilised in metal "tiger chairs".
He adds: "We may see a few more brave people protesting on the streets in the coming days but we know the authorities are starting to crack down. It's already game over."
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Windows Image Acquisition (WIA) est un modèle de pilote et une API pour Microsoft Windows permettant aux applications de numériser des images provenant de périphériques d'acquisition tels qu'un scanneur, un appareil photographique numérique ou une caméra numérique. Introduit avec Windows Me, WIA 1.0 succède à l'API TWAIN disponible sous Windows 95, Windows 98 et Windows 2000.

Une couche de compatibilité permet aux applications écrites pour l'API TWAIN d'accéder aux périphériques WIA avec néanmoins une perte de fonctionnalité, notamment l'impossibilité d'outrepasser l'interface utilisateur graphique pour l'acquisition d'une image.

La version 2.0 de WIA, introduite sous Windows Vista rajouta le push-scanning, c'est-à-dire la possibilité d'initier l'acquisition de l'image à partir du scanneur lui-même.

L'API WIA permet à une application l'énumération des périphériques connectés à la machine, l'identification des capacités et fonctionnalités de chaque périphérique, l'acquisition des images, la gestion de l'état du périphérique et d'événements initiés par le périphérique. L'initiation d'événements par le périphérique permet d'intégrer des boutons standard sur le périphérique : simple acquisition de l'image, acquisition avec reconnaissance optique de caractères, photocopie (acquisition + impression), fax, acquisition + attachement à un courriel.

Le support des dispositifs d'acquisition vidéo a été supprimé de WIA sous Windows Server 2003 et des appareils photo numériques sous Windows Vista, seuls les scanneurs étant encore supportés sous Windows Vista et supérieur. La technologie Windows Portable Devices (WPD) introduite sous Windows XP pour les appareils photo numériques, et DirectShow pour les dispositifs d'acquisition vidéo se substituent à WIA pour ces périphériques. Sous Windows 8, des événements supplémentaires ont été ajoutés, tels que l'ouverture et la fermeture du scanneur ou la détection d'un bac papier vide.

Notes et références

Voir aussi
 TWAIN sous Windows
 SANE sous Linux.

Logiciel multimédia
API Microsoft