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2019-04-01 2019-07-10 Grumpy MagazineLeave a Comment on Emma Dumont: On living a life spent learning and finding fulfillment through accomplishing the unimaginable
Emma Dumont: On living a life spent learning and finding fulfillment through accomplishing the unimaginable
DRESS: DAALARNA COUTURE // BELT: THE KOOPLES // JEWELRY: LUV AJ
PHOTOS: Emily Sandifer
STYLING: Rima Vaidila
MAKEUP: Marina Gravani at Opus Beauty using M.A.C. & Chanel
HAIR: Paul Norton using IGK / TraceyMattingly.com
LOCATION: Casement Studio
WORDS: Parker Schug
Multitalented Emma Dumont is on the road to success at only 24 years-old. Despite her busy schedule balancing her career, education, and many hobbies, Emma gives each and everything she is a part of one hundred percent effort, evident in the fact that she has landed multiple lead television roles, modeled across the globe, and danced in prestigious programs. In addition to her many professional endeavors, Emma is a musician and avid roller derby player. Due to her determination, Emma has accomplished so much, and is on track to continue this upward trend in her career and many other facets of life.
As a child, Emma began her performing career through dance. Shortly after, she joined a community theater in her home state of Washington. In regards to her start in acting, Emma said, "I kind of just fell into it." Due to her early exposure to the arts, Emma found that this was something she was interested in continuing. "I grew up in musical theater so I always knew that I wanted to perform." Fitting with her very persistent personality, Emma went after that dream all while modeling. "I was in Hong Kong modeling and I had to fly in to get called back for a film." Regardless of her confidence, and extensive list of experiences performing, Emma felt nervous and out of place during her first few auditions. In reminiscing on her emotions at that time, Emma said, "What am I doing here? This is so crazy, I've never even acted before."
SHOES: ALEJANDRA G FOOTWEAR
Through more practice and tireless work, Emma earned multiple roles, one of her most notable being Melanie Segal in ABC Family's series Bunheads. This main role combined Emma's love for acting and dance, as she appeared as a dancer at Paradise Dance Academy. In addition to this role, Emma played Polaris (Lorna Dane) in the series The Gifted on Fox. "Polaris is so complex. She changes so much from episode to episode or season to season." This interesting character is the mutant daughter of Magneto, enemy of the X-Men, created by Marvel Comics. Despite the emotional struggles she faces, Polaris is a strong willed character. "She seems so tough on the outside but on the inside she's broken like all of us," says Emma. As for Polaris' storyline, she is facing constant danger from those who are out to get mutants. "She finds out in episode one season one that she's pregnant and everything just becomes higher stakes. She knows it's dangerous, and knows she's going to burst a hopeless child into a world that's hunting her."
DRESS: DAALARNA COUTURE // JEWELRY: LUV AJ
According to Emma, this was a very exciting role to play because of her love for Marvel, but also because she could relate to Polaris' personality. "We align so much on so many different things. She's a very 'take action' type of girl. She doesn't want people to silence her. She doesn't believe in these injustices done against minority groups." Unfortunately, Polaris faces much more extensive injustices than those that worry Emma. "It's not just people that are prejudice, or people in the south, or people that don't live near them, or people in small towns or minorities. It's actually the government agencies who are hunting the mutant children." Emma found this role to be a great expressive outlet especially at the time that the season was being filmed. "It helped me a lot because during season one, the political climate of the U.S. was changing and I had of all this anger inside of me and all these emotions in real life, and I got to go to work and express those. That was very therapeutic for me."
Another large role Emma took on was passive Emma Karn on the drama series Aquarius. Unlike her experience with Polaris, Emma struggled to take on the personality of this character at times. "Emma Karn was a character that I didn't understand anything about. Not one decision or piece of dialog, or anything she did or said, did I understand on a human level." In an effort to better understand her role, Emma searched for qualities of Emma Karn that she could connect to but later decided that she was capable of stepping away from her own persona to act as her character. In regard to a statement that many actors and actresses make claiming that everyone can relate to at least one portion of their character, Emma disagreed. "I don't believe in that, I don't have to justify this. This girl joined a murderous cult and she left a totally lovely life of wealth and privilege behind."
VEST & PANTS: RITA VINIERIS COUTURE
SHOES: ALEJANDRA G FOOTWEAR // JEWELRY: LUV AJ
TOP: RITA VINIERIS COUTURE // SHORTS: IRO PARIS // BELT: THE KOOPLES
For this role, Emma had to learn the mannerisms of a woman in the '60s, being that this series was based off of the investigation of cult leader, Charles Manson during that period. When asked how she prepared for this role Emma said, "I watched a lot of period films. Women talked very differently back then." She quickly adapted to the role despite the challenges that Emma Karn's character presented. One more significant role Emma held was that of Razor, in the upcoming film based off the Razor comic series written by Everette Hartsoe. As for what's to come according to Emma, "This film will be a trilogy. The first one is for origin story." As the title character, Emma displays an array of emotion throughout her journey. "A tragedy happens in her youth, and she's put away in a mental institution for a decade. She gets out and she's an adult, grown women. " Due to the hardships Razor faces, her vulnerability is evident. Emma describes Razor as having the "innocence of a dog or a child, but the power of a warrior."
SKIRT: RIVINI BY RITA VINIERIS // SHOES: ALEJANDRA G FOOTWEAR // JEWELRY: LUV AJ
Furthermore, Emma has displayed excellence as a classical violin and viola player, dancer, and roller derby player. Each of these interests have brought about important lessons in Emma's life. As for dance, during her time studying and practicing at the Bolshoi Ballet Academy in Moscow, Russia, Emma learned that there are things in life that you will be good at, and things that won't come as naturally. "You're either successful or you're not successful, I think that's important to remember." However, Emma also understood through her experience with roller derby that if there is something you enjoy but don't get at first, you must work hard to achieve it. "When I started playing roller derby, I was that girl at birthday parties at the roller rink who couldn't even stand. I always thought I will never ever be a roller skater, I'm not coordinated in that way. I woke up one day and I was like no, I am going to be a roller skater, in fact, I'm going to play a sport that happens on roller skates."
On top of all of this, Emma has been working towards her lifelong dream of pursuing a career in engineering. "In my teen years, I really wanted to be an architect or engineer." She has participated in the FIRST Robotics Competition, an international robotics tournament, as a participant and a mentor. According to Emma, her support system has been a huge part of her success. "If people around you don't want you to be successful and don't believe in you then move on to people that do." Emma's accomplishments appear to be incessant, especially in the near future. As an acclaimed young adult herself, Emma's advice for those trying to achieve their own dreams is to not give up. "Keep going, believe in yourself. Don't stop working at it. I truly believe that anything is possible if you persevere and work really, really hard." And in regards to the measure of success, Emma shared, "All you need is to find friends and family who love you, and support you, and that's what success is."
Categories FEATURES, FILM & TV
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Malvern International plc (AIM: MLVN), and Oxford University Press are pleased to announce the introduction of the mobile application games which shall facilitate the learning of English.
Malvern House London has been successfully offering English Language learning since 1999. This new initiative is a complement to the current offerings and is designed to engage the players while helping them with their language proficiency The final product will be rolled out on an international basis with bespoke elements incorporated within the game depending on the target country or group.
The two partners (Malvern International Plc and Oxford University Press) will be co-branding the mobile application which is expected to be introduced to the market in the first half of 2018. The software is being developed by Playware Studios Singapore, as part of it agreement with Malvern International from earlier this year. Playware has a proven record of success in the development of gaming products based on increasing user engagement and enhancing knowledge retention through a practice-based learning experience.
Live with Steve and practice your English while playing game.


A still morning on the Swan River in Como. This small jetty is often almost completely underwater. On this winter morning the tide was low and the jetty was dry bringing out lots of the lovely grain in the old wood.


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Joji Tanaka hits 2 home runs against the Cheyenne Frontier, going 2-5 with 3 RBI and 2 runs scored.
SP José Vázquez honored: Wins the 2028 NAFTA A BCL Division Series MVP Award.
José Vázquez pitches a 3-hit shutout against the Takaoka Shiko with 3 strikeouts and 1 BB allowed!
2B Roy Duke honored: Wins the 2028 NAFTA A BCL Wild Card Series MVP Award.
Krelis Knippschd goes 4-5 against the Salton Sea Kilmers, with 4 RBI and 1 runs scored.
Rubén Pérez pitches a 4-hit shutout against the Mexicali Shmoes with 5 strikeouts and 1 BB allowed!
3B Gabriel Lavoie honored: Wins the NAFTA A BCL Player of the Week Award.
1B Krelis Knippschd honored: Wins the NAFTA A BCL Batter of the Month Award.
RP Norberto Bermúdez honored: Wins the NAFTA A BCL Pitcher of the Month Award.
Joji Tanaka goes 5-5 against the Salton Sea Kilmers, with 1 HR, 3 RBI and 2 R.
1B Krelis Knippschd honored: Wins the NAFTA A BCL Player of the Week Award.
Krelis Knippschd hits 2 home runs against the Chula Vista Chargers, going 3-3 with 4 RBI and 2 runs scored.
Krelis Knippschd goes 4-5 against the Mexicali Shmoes, with 1 RBI and 3 runs scored.
Shunsho Tanaka hits 2 home runs against the Marduk Nerv, going 2-3 with 2 RBI and 2 runs scored.
SP Jesús Canas honored: Wins the NAFTA A BCL Player of the Week Award.
Roy Duke goes 4-5 against the Salton Sea Kilmers, with 1 RBI and 1 runs scored.
Quentin Fookes was suspended 3 games after ejection following a brawl.
Tommy Taylor pitches a 4-hit shutout against the Chula Vista Chargers with 8 strikeouts and 0 BB allowed!
LF Iikka Jarvela honored: Wins the NAFTA A BCL Player of the Week Award.
Evan Lamberts hits 2 home runs against the El Cajon Virus, going 3-4 with 3 RBI and 2 runs scored.
RF Javier Drake honored: Wins the NAFTA A BCL Player of the Week Award.
Joey Toms hits 2 home runs against the Takaoka Shiko, going 2-5 with 3 RBI and 3 runs scored.
Daniel Gallacher hits 2 home runs against the Nagano Olympians, going 3-4 with 3 RBI and 2 runs scored.
Joey Toms hits 2 home runs against the Magami Ako, going 3-4 with 5 RBI and 2 runs scored.
SP Jesús Canas was selected to the North American Farm Team Affiliation All-Star Game.
RP Brandon Vale was selected to the North American Farm Team Affiliation All-Star Game.
1B Joey Toms was selected to the North American Farm Team Affiliation All-Star Game.
2B Roy Duke was selected to the North American Farm Team Affiliation All-Star Game.
LF Iikka Jarvela was selected to the North American Farm Team Affiliation All-Star Game.
CF Joji Tanaka was selected to the North American Farm Team Affiliation All-Star Game.
RF Javier Drake was selected to the North American Farm Team Affiliation All-Star Game.
1B Joey Toms honored: Wins the NAFTA A BCL Batter of the Month Award.
Joey Toms hits 2 home runs against the Chula Vista Chargers, going 2-4 with 2 RBI and 2 runs scored.
1B Joey Toms honored: Wins the NAFTA A BCL Player of the Week Award.
Iikka Jarvela hits 2 home runs against the Nagano Olympians, going 2-2 with 3 RBI and 2 runs scored.
Joey Toms hits 2 home runs against the Nagano Olympians, going 3-4 with 3 RBI and 3 runs scored.
Roy Duke goes 4-4 against the Magami Ako, with 2 RBI and 1 runs scored.
Joey Toms hits 2 home runs against the Ensenada Cenicienta del Pacifico, going 2-3 with 3 RBI and 2 runs scored.


Brie Larson came face to face with her mini-me at the European Gala launch of Captain Marvel last night. The star was interviewed on the blue carpet by a young girl who was dressed as her character in the upcoming Marvel superhero film.
The youngster appeared to at the event representing The Female Lead, a non-profit organisation "dedicated to making women's stories more visible and offering alternative role models to those ever-present in popular culture." According the company's Twitter account, the young girl's name was Illy. After the premiere, Larson tweeted about Illy, calling her "my hero".
Larson signed the young fan's comic books, before she interviewed Samuel L Jackson who returns as a young Nick Fury in the 1990s-set adventure.
Captain Marvel hits cinemas on 8 March.


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Посада Гірна  чи Посада Риманівська  — лемківське село у Польщі, у гміні Риманів Кросненського повіту Підкарпатського воєводства. Розташоване між центром гміни та здравницею Риманів-Здрій. Населення —   (2011).

Історія
Перша писемна згадка датується 1552 роком. Відомо, що відтоді населений пункт жив на німецькому праві.

Через близькість до більшого Риманова село увесь час було пов'язане з містечком. Так, станом на 1589 рік у документах населений пункт згаданий як передмістя, ", Риманова. І сьогодні стиль забудови в селі дуже схожий до сусіднього міського. До того ж саме у Риманові була парафія Посади.

До 1772 р. село входило до складу Сяноцької землі Руського воєводства Речі Посполитої. З 1772 до 1918 року — у межах Сяноцького повіту Королівства Галичини та Володимирії монархії Габсбургів (з 1867 року Австро-Угорщини). Посада Гірна знаходилась у смузі сіл, суміжних з Малопольщею, і зазнало значної латинізації і полонізації.

В 1895 р. в селі проживали 1117 осіб у 153 будинках (1012 римокатоликів, 98 грекокатоликів і 7 юдеїв), а на землях фільварку — 115 осіб у 14 будинках (68 римокатоликів, 25 грекокатоликів і 22 юдеї).

З 1919 до 1939 років село входило до Сяніцького повіту Львівського воєводства Польської Республіки.

В 1939 р. в селі було 1430 жителів села — 110 українців, 1320 поляків. Грекокатолики належали до парафії Дошно Риманівського деканату.

У 1947 р. українців під час операції «Вісла» депортували на понімецькі землі.

У 1975—1998 роках село належало до Кросненського воєводства.

Південна частина населеного пункту 1996 року увійшла до курорту-здравниці Риманів Здруй.

Демографія
Демографічна структура станом на 31 березня 2011 року:

Підприємництво
У селі розвивається агротуризм, насамперед пов'язаний з сусідством із оздоровницею.

Люди
 отець Павел Комборскі (1913–1998) — ксьондз, вчитель і вихователь дітей Потоцьких у Риманові, капелан Армії Крайової, був репресований у комуністичні роки.

Примітки

Посилання
 Інформація про населений пункт на офіційному сайті ґміни

Села Кросненського повіту (Підкарпатське воєводство)

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Chicago Farmer
Date Jan 3, 2013
2Getting By01:28
3Everyone In This Town03:54
4Nothing Better To Do03:37
5Who On Earth05:21
6Man Without A Heart03:25
The place that Cody Diekhoff considers most like home is a place that's seen better days, but it's no less beautiful to him. It's a place that's hurting, weeping on the inside. The jobs are gone, but the people - his people, his family and his dear friends - aren't going anywhere. They stick with the sorry outpost as it loses its paint, as the wood in its stores, taverns and houses starts to rot, getting closer to a more formal death. The people remain there, committed to their roots, for the best reason they can ever think of. They remain there because that's where they're from and that's where they'll die. They stay there because then people will know where to visit them when they've died. They will be buried in the ground, surrounded by everyone who ever loved them the best, or loved them unconditionally. They will be surrounded by other gravestones, with the same last name on them, and there will be a peacefulness there, in that shared association. They will always have their roots, set in place, even in death - or especially in death.
Diekhoff, who writes and performs under the name Chicago Farmer, is steeped in rural environments, those earthy places where everyone rises early and the whole family still sits down to a big dinner and a big supper, with fresh milk, fresh bread and scripture readings before or after eating. These are places of clean souls and dirty hands, of big love and prideful manners. These are God-fearing people, even if they curse the man upstairs for bringing too much or too little rain to their fields. He commemorates these honest folks in his songs, making them sound as if they have worked for an earned every last cent and every last embrace they've ever received. He writes the way that Norman Rockwell would have written, had he written folk songs, albeit with fewer drug references.
Diekhoff sings his Midwestern songs with a reverence that makes them feel like old spirituals. They grab you with a firm handshake and they laugh heartily, inviting you in, no, insisting that you'll stay for dinner, that it's no imposition whatsoever. They are relentlessly dogged and they sound like kissing cousins to the songs that Neil Young put on "Harvest" and "After The Gold Rush." He sings for the working class and for the soldiers. He might even dig electric cars, but he thankfully chooses not to sing about oil. He sings about his dog, as a deployed man, fearing he won't return, asking someone to tell it, "I enjoyed the walks outside." It's enough to make anyone - even someone impartial to the creatures - to break up a bit. On "The Village," which might be his best song to-date, Diekhoff sings, "You'd better save up your voices, people, by and by/Oh I was in the Delta/Oh, I was in the Delta/And people felt ya and the way you feel/I heard the bells a-ringin'/I heard the bells a-ringin'/And people were singin' bout the way that they feel/Couldn't make out the language/Couldn't make out the language/But it sounded like anguish was the way they feel." It's meant to play out like a gospel song heard in the churches or one drifting out of the fields of the Deep South and yet it just feels the signature of a man who's felt some of that almighty pain. It's a tale of the broken heartland, sung by a man who can't help but stay in it.
*Essay originally published April, 2011
Chicago Farmer Daytrotter Studio Apr 3, 2011
Chicago Farmer Daytrotter Studios Sep 14, 2018

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BritBox Hires Former Warner Executive Will Harrison As UK Managing Director
Lionsgate & 'Little Women' Producer Playground Plot Fantasy World With Tamora Pierce's 'Tortall Universe' Series
EXCLUSIVE: Lionsgate and Little Women and King Lear producer Playground Entertainment have teamed on a major fantasy project – a television adaptation of Tamora Pierce's expansive Tortall Universe series.
The Orange Is the New Black studio and Colin Callender's production company, which was also behind Jodie Comer's The White Princess, have optioned the rights to the 22 book series from Donald Laventhall of Folio on behalf of Pierce.
It is Playground's first move into a major television franchise, though the company also produces the Harry Potter and the Cursed Child play, and the two companies hopes of turning it into a tentpole series that crosses over between fans of Game of Thrones and YA novels.
'John Wick' TV Series 'The Continental' On Track To Air Following 4th Movie In Late 2021 - TCA
Talks are underway with potential showrunners. Playground's Colin Callender, Scott Huff and David A. Stern will executive produce.
The Tortall Universe series consists of more than 20 books and short stories. It is set in Tortall, a kingdom populated with lords and ladies, knights and sorcerers, and where few people are lucky enough to possess magical gifts.
Tortall and its surrounding countries is a medieval fantasy universe, the home of an interesting assortment of heroes, many of them girls. There is military danger from neighbors like northern Scanra, eastern Tusaine, and worst of all, imperial Carthak in the south, with its ever-hungry slave culture and its greedy mage emperor. Pirates from Carthak, Scanra, and the Copper Isles haunt Tortall's eastern shores. In a country both large and sparsely policed, there is always a risk of conflict, be it from rebel nobles, the impoverished people of the eastern hills, or the barely vanquished Bazhir tribes.
Books include The Song of the Lioness, The Immortals, The Protector of the Small, Tricksters, Beka Cooper: A Tortall Legend and The Numair Chronicles. The series covers modern day themes of feminism, LGBQT, love, lust, coming of age, diversity and class relations.
Pierce said, ""Not only am I over the moon that the Tortall books will be adapted by Playground, but I know my fans will be ecstatic."
Callender added, "Tamora has proven time and again that she is an unparalleled world-builder. The breadth of the source material in her Tortall series is staggering and we're thrilled to be partnering with her to bring these incredible stories to life."
Playground Entertainment
Tortall Universe


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Calls for Government inquiry into football racism after match marred by abuse
Calls have been made for the Government to open an investigation into racism in football after ugly scenes marred a Premier League clash.
The demand for a probe came following Tottenham Hotspur and Chelsea's derby match in which allegations were made that racist abuse was directed at a black player.
Spurs have vowed to investigate after Chelsea defender Antonio Rudiger reported being targeted with monkey chants during the second half of his team's 2-0 win at the Tottenham Hotspur stadium.
The Professional Footballers Association (PFA) said it was "dismayed and disgusted" at the claims of abuse in north London and pushed for a Government inquiry.
The PFA calls for a government enquiry into racism and the rise in hate crime within football and immediate and urgent action from an All-Party Group at the Department of Culture, Media and Sport to address this urgent issue.
— Professional Footballers' Association (@PFA) December 22, 2019
"The PFA calls for a government inquiry into racism and the rise in hate crime within football, and immediate and urgent action," said the representative body.
Sports Minister Nigel Adams confirmed he would be meeting with the club on Monday.
"Depressing to see today's events at White Hart Lane," he tweeted.
"I welcome Spurs investigation and will be speaking with the club's directors tomorrow.
"There is no place for racism or any kind of discrimination in football or anywhere else."
Depressing to see today's events at White Hart Lane. I welcome Spurs investigation and will be speaking with the club's directors tomorrow. There is no place for racism or any kind of discrimination in football or anywhere else.
— Nigel Adams (@nadams) December 22, 2019
Labour said Premier League football clubs that failed to weed out racist fans should have to play at empty grounds.
Shadow sports minister Dr Rosena Allin-Khan said: "Another instance of racism today. It wasn't acceptable during Eng vs Bulgaria and it's not acceptable now.
"If clubs don't find perpetrators they should play matches behind closed doors."
Tottenham MP David Lammy – tipped to run in the upcoming Labour leadership contest – said he was "appalled to hear about racist incidents by Spurs fans" and urged for the culprits to be "punished".
Another instance of racism today. It wasn't acceptable during Eng vs Bulgaria and it's not acceptable now. If clubs don't find perpetrators they should play matches behind closed doors. It's not just the Prem League, it goes right through the football pyramid.#SayNoToRacism
— Dr Rosena Allin-Khan (@DrRosena) December 22, 2019
After the incident was reported to referee Anthony Taylor, an announcement was read out three times via the stadium Tannoy stating that "racist behaviour among spectators is interfering with the game".
In an impassioned plea following the clash, former England defender and Sky Sports pundit Gary Neville said players should walk off the pitch if they heard racism emanating from the crowd.
The ex-Manchester United star pointed the finger at Britain's two main political parties, the Conservatives and Labour, for allowing racism to prosper in their own ranks.
Boris Johnson's Tories have been dogged by allegations of Islamophobia in recent years, and Labour has struggled to purge its membership of those accused of being anti-Semitic.
Sky Sports commentator Gary Neville (John Walton/PA)
Neville said: "We have just had an election in this country where both main parties and the leaders of both main parties are accused constantly over the last month of fuelling racism and accepting racism within their parties.
"If it is accepted at the highest office in the country, we are not talking about it at a micro level – we are talking about it at an absolutely enormous level, the highest office in the country.
"We maybe have to empower the players to walk off the pitch and stop the entertainment while it's happening because that's the only way I can see it changing."
After he made the comments, Sky Sports distanced themselves from the political nature of the criticisms, clarifying that they were personally-held views.
John McDonnell, the shadow chancellor and devout Liverpool fan, echoed Neville's calls for players to abandon matches in response to racism.
I fully agree with @GNev2 The Premier League and FA have to start taking more effective action against home grown racism at matches in this country. We thought we had largely eradicated this scourge but there have been too many new incidences taking place in recent games.
— John McDonnell MP (@johnmcdonnellMP) December 22, 2019
He tweeted: "I fully agree with @GNev2. The Premier League and FA have to start taking more effective action against home grown racism at matches in this country.
"We thought we had largely eradicated this scourge but there have been too many new incidences taking place in recent games."
A spokesman for Tottenham Hotspur said: "Any form of racism is completely unacceptable and will not be tolerated in our stadium."
The club said it would take the "strongest possible action" against fans found to have engaged in abuse, including bans from the newly-built £1 billion stadium.
The Department for Digital, Media, Culture and Sport has been contacted for comment.
Following scenes of racist chanting when England played Bulgaria in a World Cup qualifier overseas, Prime Minister branded the culprits "vile" and said such behaviour had "no place in football or anywhere else".


Spago, the original gem in Wolfgang Puck's culinary crown, is a fine-dining restaurant without the pretense. If you're not sure what to wear, though, or where to sit, or if you have other questions about the experience that have not yet been answered, please read on.
Because this restaurant is so popular, not only with the celebrity set, but also with business people and ladies who lunch, reservations are strongly recommended. Spago takes reservations for the current and next month; on the first of each month, the staff will begin accepting reservations for the next one.
The seating for 277 at this 11,500-square-foot restaurant is intimate. Tables for two are spaced very near one another and are sized at about 30 inches square. Chairs are ample, and angled for a more comfortable dining experience. There is banquette seating available in addition to upholstered wooden chairs, both with and without arms.
The atmosphere at Spago is jubilant, as is any place frequented by Hollywood's who's who. It's not the place to go for a quiet romantic meal, but rather to see and be seen while enjoying some excellent food. While the restaurant is mood-lit and comfortable, because there are so many tables, you might want to save private conversations for later. Music - recorded, not live - plays throughout the dining room; during one visit, to the restaurant was playing The Rolling Stones by 7:30 p.m.
The restrooms are easily accessible off the main dining area.
Although the dress code is technically sportswear or casual clothing, you'll likely notice that Spago attracts a slightly more dressy crowd. Jackets and ties are not required, though a gentleman might feel more comfortable with them on.
Valet parking is available for $6.50 per car.
Two Michelin Stars, October 2007; James Beard Foundation, Outstanding Service Award, 2005; Gourmet Magazine, No. 4 Restaurant in America, October 2001; Food & Wine, Best New Chefs (Lee Hefter), 1998; Restaurants & Institutions, one of the "Best Young Chefs in America" (Lee Hefter); James Beard Foundation, "Rising Star" (Lee Hefter); Bon Appetit Magazine, "Chef of Merit" (Lee Hefter), 2004; James Beard Foundation, "Best Chef - California" (Lee Hefter), 2005; James Beard Foundation, "Outstanding Chef" (Lee Hefter), 2007; Food and Wine Magazine, Top Restaurant, 2000.
* Please note that the restaurants featured at TravelsinTaste.com may have changed their personnel, menu, pricing, decor, hours of operation, etc., since our last visit. The competitive and creative nature of the fine dining scene virtually assures that changes will occur on a frequent basis in order to make diners happier, meals more pleasurable and visits more frequent. Given their frequent fluctuations, most restaurants welcome inquiries about their current hours, menu and more.


Achieving sustainable development is an ambitious but necessary goal. There is no alternative: we have to improve welfare and quality of life globally and safeguard the earth's ability to support life in all its diversity. The Nordic countries have established joint objectives for sustainable development in the Nordic region. In addition, the countries have agreed on a set of sustainability indicators that give an overall picture of our progress.
This brochure briefly describes these Nordic Sustainable Development Indicators, which show long term trends in the following focus areas: theNordic welfare model; viable ecosystems; changing climate; sustainable use of the earth's resources; and education, research and innovation. A complete set of key indicators, including separate national graphics, can be found on our website .
The website also offers free access to the Nordic Statistics database, which allows you to download data and create graphics for your own analysis. I believe that our indicators are useful not just for decision makers and civil servants but for all who need reliable information and comparable data on development in the Nordic region. Secretary General. Dagfinn Høybråten.


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Jimmie Allen reminds fans to "check in on your friends" in important mental health PSA
Jimmie Allen is reminding his followers that you can't always gauge someone's mental health by what they post online.
On Twitter, the singer posted a PSA explaining the importance of reaching out to the people they love. "Check in on your friends," he wrote. "Social media is not a way to find out how people are doing. People are really struggling, it has just gotten easier to hide it."
Jimmie has long been open about his own mental health challenges, sharing that he was diagnosed with bipolar disorder at age 13 and that he also struggles with anxiety. His latest album, Tulip Drive, contains a song called "Settle On Back" that describes his experience with bipolar disorder and also shares memories of his dad.
"When my dad was alive, he was the person that could always pull me back," Jimmie shared when his album came out. "A lot of people with mental issues has one person in their life that they have the strong connection with."
Jimmie also recently participated in ACM Lifting Lives' mental health series, The Check-In.
Administering abortion from abroad in Post-Roe America
Flooding hits Las Vegas after overnight downpours


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Amazon Hiring for 23,000 jobs Across Cities and Towns in California
Job seekers can receive an immediate contingent offer for seasonal roles with an average starting pay of $18 per hour, sign-on bonuses up to $3,000 and an additional $3 per hour depending on shifts in many locations, plus the opportunity to transition to long-term careers
Seasonal roles are in addition to previously announced plans to hire over 40,000 new corporate and tech jobs and 125,000 full and part-time fulfillment and transportation jobs
SAN BERNARDINO, Calif.--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Oct. 18, 2021-- Amazon (NASDAQ:AMZN) continues to provide diverse employment opportunities for people of all backgrounds and skill levels, announcing today 150,000 seasonal jobs are now available across the U.S. including 23,000 in California.
All Amazon jobs in the U.S., including seasonal roles, have an average starting pay of $18 per hour, sign-on bonuses up to $3,000 and an additional $3 per hour depending on shifts in many locations. Today's seasonal roles come in addition to the 25,000 full and part-time Operations jobs announced for California previously.
"We are proud to be offering a huge range of full-time, part-time, and now seasonal jobs with great pay and benefits," said Alicia Boler Davis, Senior Vice President, Global Customer Fulfillment. "Our seasonal hiring helps us deliver on our promises to customers while also providing flexibility to our full-time employees during busy periods. Joining Amazon in one of our seasonal roles offers high-paying, part-time work, or a path to a full-time position, with benefits like our Career Choice program to help people advance their education and careers within Amazon or beyond."
Amazon values its seasonal employees, many of whom return each holiday season year-after-year or choose to transition to full-time roles within the company. Seasonal employees are essential to how Amazon delivers for customers, doing important, rewarding work, while earning income flexibility before the end of the year.
Jobs in Amazon's operations network include stowing, picking, packing, shipping and more. New hires will be fully trained and all facilities follow strict COVID-19 health and safety protocols. A job with Amazon can be the start of a future, long-term career inside or outside of the company. Jobs are available in hundreds of cities and towns across America. Interested candidates can see all the regions with open positions at www.amazon.com/apply.
"Creating opportunities for increased seasonal work is key as California and the nation continue to deal with interruptions in the supply chain," said a spokesperson from CalChamber. "Through this effort, Amazon will help get more people back on the job this holiday season. This, along with Amazon's broader investments during the pandemic is important to the California economy."
Amazon was recently named by LinkedIn as the No. 1 company where Americans want to work and develop their careers. Job advancement and career building is an important focus for the company, and many employees who have been with the company six months or longer have been promoted. Seasonal employees will help support full-time employees across over 250 new fulfillment centers, sortation centers, regional air hubs, and delivery stations that opened in the U.S. in 2021.
States with the greatest number of seasonal roles include: Arizona, California, Colorado, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, Nevada, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Texas, and Virginia.
Amazon prioritizes the safety and health of its employees and has made major investments in workplace safety. Learn more about working at Amazon here: https://www.amazon.jobs/en/landing_pages/working-at-amazon


Join your colleagues enrolled in the Employee Giving Program and directly impact your district. Your tax-deductible contribution supports the outstanding teachers and students in LISD.
Leander ISD automatically deducts your designated pledge from your paycheck and donates it directly to LEEF. Your contribution supports innovative teaching grants, AP scholarships, INCubator programs, college coaches and more.


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long form live i
Jake Smolowe Music
Buy now on Bandcamp
"Long Form Live I" is a continuous, fully-improvised solo jazz performance, representing a break from the confines of traditional setlist expectations in favor of a more informal, unscripted path. It was mid-July, 2020, and I'd been doing a lot of live streams on various platforms since quarantine started in order to stay connected with people and have an outlet for my creative impulses. The shows were going well.
There's one way I felt a bit boxed in, however, due to my own preconceived notions of what my concerts should be—that they should be a certain number of songs, a certain length of time, a certain mix of material. Then there's the pressure to get the arrangements right, to present my own tunes in the best light possible way and any covers in a new and interesting light. I always get really nervous before my solo shows, whether I'm in the room with the audience or not. Often it just comes down to feeling not quite as free as I do when I'm just sitting down to practice; some of my best performances have been with no one watching and the recorder off, just improvising for 30-40 minutes at a time, sometimes even longer.
It's really hard to hack into that mindset of feeling completely free when you're performing or recording. Even when I'm practicing and I hit record with the intention of coming up with something different and new that I can present to the world, it's a hit-and-miss endeavor. When you try to make something happen with a lot of expectations attached, it usually won't happen.
What I realized is that for me, one of the most constrictive expectations is that of performance length: i.e. I have to come up with something that's a YouTube-friendly length, or an Instagram-friendly length, or no one will watch it or listen to it. Anytime I try to improvise with an eye towards making my way to the ending before too long, I'm by definition not staying within the moment, and thus defeating the purpose of improvisation.
So one night I decided to go on Twitch and play with no set list, no plan, for as long as I wanted, and not worry about who was watching (I think I did get a viewer or two) or what they might think of the performance. And guess what?
It came out great.
28 minutes and 13 seconds of stream-of-consciousness playing, traveling through many different grooves, meters, key areas and moods, imbued with a sense of passion and limitlessness that I strive for in all my playing but don't always achieve. It's by no means an error-free performance, but it was never meant to be one. The goal was to play my feelings until I felt I had said enough, and in that I think I succeeded.
I mixed and mastered the album myself. I'm still learning when it comes to producing, and I'm sure I didn't get everything right, but after 2 weeks of with the tracks I feel like I have the them in a good place, so off to the world they go!
I hope that it will take you on a journey, that it's cathartic, and that it will lift you up if you're feeling down.
Performed, recorded, mixed and mastered by Jake Smolowe
Album art by Jake Smolowe


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Updated on 3 May 2018
Divya Susan Solomon
Nitya Rao
Gender Dimensions of Groundwater Dependence
Wells and Well-being in South India
Groundwater has played a pivotal role in transforming the rural agrarian landscape, augmenting rural livelihoods and improving household well-being. What role does the growing prevalence and importance of groundwater play in intra-household relations, particularly the gendered divisions of labour and use of assets? The impacts of failed borewells on gendered vulnerabilities, identities and well-being have been explored. Research indicates that groundwater usage in semi-arid regions has increased the short-term resilience of communities in the region, but has simultaneously increased gendered risks, especially for smallholders, by promoting unsustainable livelihood trends and risky coping strategies to groundwater shortages.
Over the last 50 years, groundwater has emerged as the backbone of irrigated agriculture in India. In 2010, groundwater irrigated nearly 27 million hectares of land compared to 21 million hectares irrigated by surface water sources (Mukherji et al 2013). Groundwater usage is growing at an unprecedented rate; it is estimated that one in every four rural households owns at least one groundwater irrigation structure (Shah 2009).
Groundwater development has had manifold benefits for India's agricultural sector. It has been credited with increasing farm incomes and well-being by increasing productivity (Roy and Shah 2002; Sekhri 2014). On the flipside, it has resulted in chronic depletion in quality and quantity of the resource (Gleeson et al 2010). Presently, groundwater irrigation is at an impasse. It has cemented its vital position in drought-proofing agriculture. However, the exploitation of the resource for irrigation has resulted in critical groundwater levels, particularly in already water-stressed regions (Kumar and Singh 2008; Livingston 2009). The number of irrigation blocks in India that have reported overexploited groundwater levels has grown at an alarming rate of nearly 5.5% per year (Gandhi and Namboodiri 2009). Increased well proliferation has led to aquifer contamination and salinisation, alongside increased costs of pumping. The problem is particularly severe in arid and semi-arid regions, where communities depend on groundwater for both domestic and agricultural purposes.
Read more about Wells and Well-being in South India
Updated On : 3rd May, 2018


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>Coats & Jackets
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>Mr & Mrs Italy Fur Hood Down Jacket
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In Vitro Cytotoxic Protective Effect of Alginate-Encapsulated Capsaicin Might Improve Skin Side Effects Associated with the Topical Application of Capsaicin
Design, Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation of Three Novel Dehydroabietyl Piperazine Dithiocarbamate Ruthenium (II) Polypyridyl Complexes as Potential Antitumor Agents: DNA Damage, Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis Induction
Ahcéne Boumendjel
Jung, Y.
Shin, D.
Open AccessReview
Imperata cylindrica: A Review of Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Industrial Applications
Young-Kyung Jung
Dongyun Shin
College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, 191 Hambakmoe-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Korea
Received: 31 January 2021 / Revised: 27 February 2021 / Accepted: 3 March 2021 / Published: 7 March 2021
(This article belongs to the Section Natural Products Chemistry)
Browse Figure
Imperata cylindrica is a medicinal plant native to southwestern Asia and the tropical and subtropical zones. To date, 72 chemical constituents have been isolated and identified from I. cylindrica Among these compounds, saponins, flavonoids, phenols, and glycosides are the major constituents. Investigations of pharmacological activities of I. cylindrica revealed that this edible medicinal herb exhibits a wide range of therapeutic potential including immunomodulatory, antibacterial, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and liver protection activities both in vivo and in vitro. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of I. cylindrica studies until 2019. This article also intends to review advances in the botanical, phytochemical, and pharmacological studies and industrial applications of I. cylindrica, which will provide a useful bibliography for further investigations and applications of I. cylindrica in medicines and foods.
Imperata cylindrica; edible medicinal herb; glycosides; immunomodulatory; antitumor
The genus Imperata cylindrica. a member of Gramineae family, is a perennial rhizomatous plant that can grow on soils with a vast range of nutrients and moisture [1]. It is widely distributed in southwestern Asia and is specifically native to the tropical and subtropical zones. The dried rhizomes of Imperata cylindrica have been commonly used in China named "Bai mao gen", in Korean named Mo-Geun-Chu-Chul-Mul, and in Japan as a crude drug named "Boukon (Imperata rhizome)". The existing literature indicates that these herbal plants could be taken both internally and externally and it is regarded as a safe and effective treatment strategy. The rhizome of Imperata has been recorded in multiple versions of Chinese Pharmacopoeia, at the same time, it is also traditionally and ethnically used as a medicinal herb in Japan and Korea. In traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), the rhizome of Imperata could be used either alone or in combination with other herbal medicines to cure hematuresis, jaundice with damp-heat pathogen, emesis, hemorrhage and reducing fever and causing diuresis, anti-fever, and anti-inflammatory. A variety of classical formulas containing I. cylindrica is widely used in TCM clinic. For instance, a combination of I. cylindrica, Panax quinquefolius, Rehmannia glutinosa, and Wolfiporia cocos is commonly used for the treatment of hematuresis. The combination of I. cylindrica, Artemisia capillaris Thunb, and Gardenia jasminoides Ellis could significantly dispels dampness and heat. Thus, this is used widely in jaundice with damp-heat pathogen.
Until now, a total of 72 compounds have been isolated and identified from the I. cylindrica plants, and the major phytochemical constituents identified in I. cylindrica are saponins, glycosides, coumarins, flavonoids, and phenols. (Figure 1). Modern pharmacology investigations on I. cylindrica have indicated that several substances from I. cylindrica. exhibit a wide range of biological activities such as hemostasis, improvement of urination, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anticancer, enhancement of the immune system, etc.
In this review, we intended to systematically present the advances achieved in phytochemical studies in recent decades, along with all the compounds listed. Additionally, we now provide a systematic overview of the available information of I. cylindrica including traditional uses, botany, nutritional composition, physiochemical, pharmacology, and industrial use.
2. Botany
2.1. Botanical Traits
I. cylindrica is a member of Gramineae family. According to "The Plant List" (www.theplantlist.org, Dec. 2019) I. cylindrica is the only accepted name for the plant with relative to other synonyms including I. cylindrica var. Africana (Andersson) C.E.Hubb., I. cylindrica var. condensata (Steud.) Hack., I. cylindrica var. cylindrica, I. cylindrica var. europaea (Andersson) Asch. & Graebn., etc.
I. cylindrica is a perennial herb about 25–120 cm tall. Its culms often have 1–4-noded and its tough and scaly rhizomes spread widely. The leaf blades of I. cylindrica are often stiffly erect with a flat or rolled shape. The margins of culm blades are scabrid with pubescence on its adaxial surface. The flowers of I. cylindrical are panicle cylindrical with copious numbers of hairs. The spikelets are about 2.5–6 mm long. Glumes with long silky hairs on the back have 5–9-veined. The length of the lower ciliate ovate-lanceolate lemma is two-thirds of a glum and the length of the denticulate ciliate upper lemma is one half of a glum. The anthers are about 2.2–4 mm with purplish black color.
2.2. Traditional Uses
Generally, I. cylindrica plants have been used in traditional systems of medicine in oriental area. It was first recorded in the Chinese medical classic "Shen Nong's herbal Classic"(Han Dynasty), which is listed as a middle grade herbal. It is described sweet in taste, cold in nature, and attributive to the lung, stomach, and bladder meridians, with relieving fever, and a diuretic effect. For the treatment of fever, polydipsia, vomiting blood, blood stasis, lung heat, difficulty in micturition, edema, jaundice, etc. Based on "Shen Nong's herbal Classic (Han Dynasty)" I. cylindrica was used to invigorating spleen and replenishing qi. Complying with "Ming Yi Bie Lu" (Han Dynasty), I. cylindrica was used to irregular menses. According to "Ben Cao Gang Mu" (Ming Dynasty) the main function of I. cylindrica was to diuresis to eliminate edema, hemostasis. In "Ben Jing Feng Yuan" (Qing Dynasty), the I. cylindrical was described as a treatment for frequent vomiting. The usual processing methods of I. cylindrical are decocting with water, and I. cylindrical is also considered for external use. A therapy dosage of 9–30 g of I. cylindrica has been recommended in the 2015 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia.
For the purpose of compatibility of medicines, I. cylindrica was typically matched with the Morus alba L. for treatment of asthma. Moreover, I. cylindrica can be used in a combination with Puerariae lobatae Radix to relieve high fever with sweet. Besides, I. cylindrica and Rhizoma phragmitis can be used to lower the negative Qi to stop vomiting.
3. Nutritional and Physiochemical Composition
3.1. Nutritional Composition
Apart from above constituents, nutrient substances including crude fiber, carbohydrates, sugars, fatty acid, and trace elements have been proved to be contained in the I. cylindrica, indicating the low-calorie and health-promoting properties of I. cylindrica. The carbohydrates and sugars are energetic sources and add flavor to plants, whose presence reveals the potential of I. cylindrica as functional foods [2]. The inorganic nutrient analysis of the aboveground living parts of I. cylindrica showed that Ca2+, Na+, Mg2+, Fe3+, and K+ are the main trace elements in the plant [3]. Moreover, I. cylindrica can survive in seawater salt concentrations and simultaneously have high nutraceutical potential, for instance, some of these species have already been considered edible for cattle [2].
3.2. Physiochemical and Structural Features
The detailed phytochemical and nutritional analyses of I. cylindrica had been carried out. Among the constituents isolated from I. cylindrica, saponins, glycosides, flavonoids, coumarins, and phenols are the primary types. All compounds are summarized and compiled in Table 1, and the structure of them has been detailed in Figure 1.
3.2.1. Saponins
I. cylindrical contain multiple triterpenoids. To date, 16 triterpenoid compounds have been isolated from I. cylindrica (1–16). Among them, most of compounds are pentacyclic triterpenoid sapogenins except for compounds (5), (6) and (8). The basic skeleton of the pentacyclic triterpenoid sapogenins could be divided into fernane and arborane. Arundoin (1) and cylindrin (2) are the first set of compounds isolated from I. cylindrica, which were methyl ethers of fernane type pentacyclic triterpenoid sapogenins, and friedelin (9) is an arborane type pentacyclic triterpenoid saponin. Additionally, some other triterpenoids such as 14-epiarbor-7-en-3β-ol (14), 14-epiarbor-7-en-3β-yl formate (15), and 14-epiarbor-7-en- 3-one (16) could also be found in this category. The contents of the triterpenoids are shown in Table 1.
3.2.2. Flavonoids
Flavonoids are a typical category of compounds present in the I. cylindrica plants. Among them, mainly chromone and other characteristic structure of flavonoids (17–36).
The chromone 28, 29, 32, and 36 have been isolated from I. cylindrica. Compound 28 showed significant neuroprotective activity against glutamate-induced neurotoxicity at 10.0 µm concentration in primary cultures of rat cortical cells (Jeong Seon et al., 2006). Some characteristic flavonoids have been separated and identified from I. cylindrica as well, such as tricin (17), caryatin (18), jaceidin (19), 5-methoxyflavone (21), 5-hydroxyflavone (22), flavone (23), and so on.
3.2.3. Glycosides
Biologically important glycosides have been less widespread in the I. cylindrica. To date, 6 types of glycosides compounds (37–42) have been isolated from the plants including impecyloside (42) as a lignin glycoside, seguinoside K (39), gymnetinoside D (40), and deacetylimpecyloside (41).
3.2.4. Phenols
Phenols are widely distributed in I. cylindrica. Approximately 18 kinds of phenols (43–60) have been isolated from I. cylindrical. Among them, simple phenols and phenolic acids can be found such as vanillic acid (51), caffeic acid (58), ferulic acid (59), protocatechuic acid (53), and so on. Moreover, the phenylpropanoids 1-O-p-Coumaroylglycerol (54) and biphenyl ether cylindol A (45) and cylindol B (46) also have been isolated from I. cylindrica. Along with the lignans graminone A (44) and graminone B (43), where graminone B at 10−4 M gave a 50% inhibition of the contractile response of the aorta isolated from rabbit to KCI (30 mM). Imperanene (47) exhibited the platelet aggregation activity.
3.2.5. Coumarins
Three coumarins, siderin (61), 7-O-glucosyloxy-4-methoxy-5-methylcoumarin (62), 7-hydroxy-4-methoxy-5-methylcoumarin (63) have been isolated from I. cylindrica, and all the coumarins belong to simple coumarins, 4, 7-dimethoxy-5-methylcoumarin as a common scaffold. Among them, compound 61 has been proved to have antibacterial activity [23].
3.2.6. Others
In addition to above-mentioned compounds, a sesquiterpenoid cylindrene (66) with vasoconstriction activity, was isolated again from rhizomes of this plant [17]. A phytotoxic tabanone (69) was isolated [20] to inhibit growth of frond area of duckweed, root growth of garden onion, and fresh weight gain of garden lettuce with 50% inhibition values of 0.094, 3.6, and 6.5 mM, respectively. The target site of tabanone remains unknown, but its mode of action results in rapid loss of membrane integrity and subsequent decrease in the rate of photosynthetic electron flow. The antimicrobial palmitic acid (65) and phytol (68) also have been isolated from I. cylindrica.
4. Progress of Pharmacological Studies on I. cylindrica
The traditional medicinal applications of I. cylindrica have inspired many pharmacological investigations. Extracts and isolated compounds from I. cylindrica plants exhibited multiple bioactivities—including diuretic activity, hemostasis, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antibacterial, immunomodulatory. Here, we summarized the progress and list as follow.
4.1. Diuretic Activity
The diuretic activity of I. cylindrica plants was found to be related to their traditional uses for treating edema and difficulty in micturition. I. cylindrica water extract possessed diuretic activity in normal rabbit, the diuretic effect was the most obvious after administration for 5 to 10 days. This effect may be related to the nervous system, cutting off the peripheral nerves of the kidney, and its diuretic effect is lost. Additionally, the water extract can alleviate glomerular vasospasm, increase renal blood flow and renal filtration rate [24].
4.2. Hemostasis
The extract of I. cylindrica displayed hemostasis effect on rat blood heat hemorrhage model induced by dry yeast suspension combined with absolute ethanol. In addition, the aqueous extract of I. cylindrica can significantly shorten its prothrombin time, thrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time, and its hemostasis is related to endogenous, exogenous thrombin, and internal and external sources. Other studies have shown that aqueous extract of I. cylindrica can enhance the activity of endogenous and exogenous coagulation system, up-regulated the expression of TXB2, reduced the level of 6-keto-PGF1α, promoted platelet aggregation, and enhanced hemostasis [25].
4.3. Anti-Inflammatory
Inflammation has been reported to be relative to various diseases. The aqueous extracts of I. cylindrica was reported to have anti-inflammatory activity by relieving the auricular edema in mice induced by dimethylbenzene, ameliorate the paw-swelling in rats by carrageenan, significantly blocking the increased permeability of celiac blood capillary by glacial acetic acid and was able to remarkably resist paw swelling in rats induced by zymosan A [26]. Some researchers studied the protective effect of I. cylindrica extract on renal tissues in rats with Adriamycin nephrosis. It was found that the ethyl acetate extracts of Imperatae Rhizoma had protective effect in rats with adriamycin nephrosis. It may be related to reducing the expression of NF-κB p65 and TGF-β1 and the content of TNF-α in renal tissues of rats reduce inflammation of kidney tissue [27].
In 2020, Putri et al. reported that the ethanol extract of cogongrass (I. cylindrica L.) roots could decrease the sepsis score and didnot cause any harm in body weight [28].
4.4. Antioxidant Activity
The good antioxidant capacity of I. cylindrica was found by Fenton method and potassium ferricyanide reduction method. Its IC50 for scavenging of hydroxyl radicals was 0.0948 mg/mL, while IC50 of ascorbic acid was 0.1096 mg/mL; in the ferricyanide considerable reduction method, the extract exhibited reducing power comparable to that of the ascorbic acid [29].
Other studies have shown that aqueous extract of I. cylindrica can enhance the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in liver and brain tissue of mice with alcoholism, inhibiting the activity of hydroxyl radicals, reducing the level of malondialdehyde, improving the body's antioxidant capacity, and alleviating the pathological damage of free radicals to liver and brain tissue. It suggested that I. cylindrica has a protective effect on liver and brain damage caused by alcoholism.
The hydroalcoholic root extract of I. cylindrica showed antioxidant activity of 14.33 ± 0.045 (10 µg/mL) to 36.56 ± 0.053 (50 µg/mL) by DPPH assay. Antioxidant activity was also confirmed with reduction by FRAP assays [30].
4.5. Antitumor
4.5.1. Crude Extract
The aqueous extracts of I. cylindrica and polysaccharides can inhibit the growth of proliferation of human hepatoma cell line SMMC-7721, HepG2 cells and solid tumors in H22 mice. They also can increase the Interleukin (IL) 2 secretion level of leukocyte-mediated peripheral blood of tumor-bearing mice, suggesting that I. cylindrica extracts have anti-hepatic tumor effects. The different concentrations of I. cylindrica water extract were reported to dose-dependently suppress hepatoma SMMC-7721 cells. The mechanism of action is to increase S period ratio at the same time reduce the G2/M phase cell proportion, and inducing apoptosis of the cell [31]. In addition, the extract of I. cylindrica was proved to against cancer cells, when tested at 20 g/mL [32]. It was able to inhibit more that 50% the proliferation of the three tested cancer cells (MiaPaCa-2, CEM/ADR5000, CCRF-CEM). The lowest IC50 values of 6.86 g/mL on MiaPaCa-2 and 3.91 g/mL on CCRF-CEM cells were obtained with X. aethiopica, while the corresponding value of 6.56 g/mL was obtained with P. capense on CEM/ADR5000 cells. In addition, the extracts of I. cylindrica inhibited the proliferation of the tested cancer cell lines including sensitive and drug-resistant phenotypes [33]. The recorded IC50 ranges were 3.28 mg/mL (against HCT116 (p53−/−) cells) to 33.43 mg/mL (against HepG2 cells), and the extracts of I. cylindrica induced apoptosis in CCRF-CEM cells via the alteration loss of MMP whilst that of Piper capense also enhanced the production of ROS.
The I. cylindrica extracts also have anti-cancer effects on human oral squamous carcinoma cell line SCC-9 in vitro [34]. It treatment caused cytotoxicity and induced cell death in vitro in SCC-9 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, this treatment also significantly reduced the clonogenic potential and inhibited cell proliferation by arresting the cell cycle in the G2/M phase.
4.5.2. Isolated Compounds
Arundoin (1) played a role in upregulating the expression levels of cleaved caspase-3, cleaved caspase-9 and Bax, downregulating Bcl-2, in a dose-dependent manner, indicated that arundoin can inhibit the proliferation of LNCap cells and induce apoptosis (Chen D.-K., 2017).Another research pointed that arundoin (1) can increase the cracking of polyadenosine diphosphate ribose polymerase(PARP) and block the proliferation of PC3 cells, promoting apoptosis of prostate cancer cell linePC3 [35].
2-Methoxyestrone (13) and tricin (17) exhibited considerable growth inhibitory activities against BT-549 and HT-29 cancer cell lines in vitro [9]. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of compounds 13 and 17 on BT-549 breast cancer cell line (72 h) was 102 µM and 68 µM, respectively. IC50 of compounds 13 and 17 on a HT-29 colon cancer cell line (72 h) was 147µM and 114 µM, respectively. Daucosterol (6) was reported to inhibit the proliferative ability of HL-7702, SMMC-7721, and HepG2 cells in a concentration-dependent manner, with IC50 values of 214.99, 143.40, and 138.73 µg/mL, respectively [36]. Therefore, these findings suggested that compound 6 significantly suppressed the proliferation ability of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Besides, it was found that compound 6 inhibited the proliferation of human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 and gastric cancer cell lines MGC803, BGC823 and AGS in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, compound 6 inhibits murine hepatoma H22 cell growth in ICR mice. Treatment of compound 6 induced intracellular ROS generation and autophagy, but not apoptotic cell death [37].
4.6. Antibacterial
The extracts of I. cylindrica possessed antibacterial activity in inhibiting Quorum-sensing metabolites of Chromobacterium violaceum CV026 with antibacterial zone of 12 mm and Quorum-sensing inhibition zone of 20 mm; however, it showed no inhibition on Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA01 [38]. The different solvent extracts of Imperatae rhizoma possessed antibacterial activity in five tested strains. Among them, ethyl acetate extract had the best bacteriostatic effect on Klebsiella aerogenes, boiling extract against Escherichia coli, acetone extract for Staphylococcus aureus, boiled extract for Bacillus subtilis, and 50% ethanol extract for Enterobacter aerogenes, inhibition zone of 12.0, 13.0, 13.5, 13.5, and 15.0 mm, respectively.
4.7. Immunomodulatory
In the innate immunity, complement system is of significant importance. Components of complement can be activated sequentially by the classical pathway, the lectin pathway and the alternative pathway, the activated components of complement mainly mediate complement-dependent cytotoxicity to achieve clearance of pathogenic microorganisms and abnormal cells. It was found that the mineral ether extract of I. rhizoma and the ethyl acetate extract of I. rhizoma can reduce the activity of complement C1, C2, C4, C3, and C5 and inhibit the activation of the classical pathway of complement [7].
Macrophages are a subset of innate immune cells that the body mediates non-specific cellular immune responses, which exert direct phagocytosis and indirect secretion of cytokine-mediated immune regulation. NIH mice were orally administrated with I. rhizoma decoction up to 20th day, then 5% starch and 9% NaCl were intraperitoneally injected, after one hour, 1% chicken red blood cells were injected. It is found that the number of peritoneal macrophages, percentage of phagocytosis and phagocytic index were significantly increased. It suggests that I. rhizoma extract can enhance the non-specific immunity of the body. In addition, another research reported that water extract of I. rhizoma can inhibit the formation of nitric oxide in lipopolysaccharide-induced mouse macrophages RAW264.7 [39].
In the adaptive immune response, the immunomodulatory effects of I. rhizoma extract are mainly reflected in the subpopulation structure, proliferative capacity and secretion of related cytokines of T lymphocytes. Animal experiments showed that I. rhizoma decoction can increase the proportion of CD4+ T cells in immunodeficient mice, decrease the proportion of CD8+ T cells, adjust the ratio of CD +4 /CD8 + T cells to balance and restore their immune function. Meanwhile, I. rhizoma decoction can also increase the proportion of helper T cells (Th cells) in the spleen of NIH mice and increase the secretion of IL-2 [40].
4.8. Liver Protection Activity
The methanol extract of I. rhizoma can inhibit the damage of carbon tetrachloride to the liver without toxic side effects [6]. A report has shown that Rhizoma Imperata has a renal protective effect on the rat model of IgA nephropathy established by bovine serum albumin plus staphylococcal enterotoxin B method (Yin et al., 2011). Compared with the model group, URBC, 24hUP, Scr, BUN, PAF, and TGF-β1 expression were significantly decreased, while serum IL-2 was significantly increased (p < 0.01) in the treatment groups. It was suggested that I. cylindrica decoction can significantly reduce hematuria, proteinuria of the IgA nephropathy rats, reduce the pathological changes and improve renal function. The mechanism may be related to the elevation of IL -2 secretion of RI and inhibition of renal TGF-β1 secretion expression, etc.
4.9. Other Activity
The extract of the leaves of I. cylindrica possessed an antihypertensive action with a significant dose-dependent reduction in amplitude of contraction of smooth muscle cells of rabbit jejunum in comparison with standard antihypertensive drug, adrenaline [41]. The heart pressure of the cats was significantly reduced with 160 and 320 mg/mL of the extract from 266 to 180 mmHg (p = 0.012) but there was no effect on the heart rate. The minimum effective dose EC50 was 0.013. Ethanolic leaf extract of I. cylindrica exhibited vasodilative antihypertensive properties similar to mechanism of action of adrenaline. The extract could be used to manage hypertension.
Moreover, the extract of I. cylindrica played a role in regulating lipid metabolism and tolerance to hypoxia [42,43]. The polysaccharide of Rhizoma Imperatae can reduce the levels of glycated hemoglobin, triglyceride, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the serum of diabetic mice, increase the levels of hepatic glycogen and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and regulate the disorder of glucose and lipid metabolism. When mice were orally administered with I. cylindrica extract at the dose of 50, 100, 200, 400 mg/kg and propranolol at the dose of 20 mg/kg, the oxygen consumption was reduced respectively by 2.48 %, 23.14%, 10.74%, 5.79%, and 28.93% for 0 to 5 min, and 2 .11 %, 21.13%, 16.90%, 38.73%, and 9.86% for 5 to 10 min. The survival rates of mice with hypoxia for 30 min were 0, 0 ,20%, 10%, 50%, 20% when receiving saline, propranolol of 20 mg/ kg and RIP of 50, 100, 200, 400 mg·kg−1. The survival time was prolonged by 33.16%, 37.31%, and 35.23% in mice with hypoxia of propranolol and RIP of 200 and 400 mg/kg groups
5. Industrial Applications
Based on the record in "Compendium of material medica" and "ben jing", I. cylindrica is considered to be effective in encouraging a variety of physical functions. These include stopping vomiting, improving renal function, increasing urination, clearing heat and toxins, relieving fever, and promoting hemostasis. Thus, it could be widely used for the treatment of fever and thirst, vomiting blood, epistaxis, pulmonary heat and asthma. Nowadays, a modern prescription "Qingre Tonglin Pian" has been approved by China Food and Drug Administration (Z20050124) for the hot-water drench treatment. This formula is mainly composed of an extract from I. cylindrica roots. I. cylindrica is utilized in other countries besides China. In India, it is one of the key ingredients in India's various traditional medicinal formula and has multiple pharmacological applications. Generally, it is used as diuretic and an anti-inflammatory agent. Foodservice industry applications of I. cylindrica provide a novel choice for people to select health-care foods such as jellies, vinegar, beverages, sauces, flavoring agents, tea, or wines that contain some derivatives of I. cylindrica (Table 1). I. cylindrica is also used in the cosmetic industry. For instance, I. cylindrica root antibacterial powder is used to make natural non-toxic toothpaste. Furthermore, fermented liquor used for Chinese herbal compounds that contained I. cylindrica is used to make oil-control and acne-treatment cosmetic products. Selected patents regarding pharmacological applications of I. cylindrica is presented in Table 2.
In recent years, people have increasingly paid attention to the problems of multidrug resistance and side effects of drugs in existing drugs, forcing researchers and stakeholders to constantly try to develop safe and effective drugs. A wide variety of plants are traditionally and ethnopharmacologically used for treating various disorders, and some proved to be effective. Therefore, natural medicine is undoubtedly the best excavation point. The plant of I. cylindrica is an excellent medicinal plant with multiple bioactive constituents. The plant has been used for treating various diseases and extensive research has been initiated. Although various aspects of this plant are constantly making progress, the development and discovery of a new drug, even an allopathic phytomedicine from I. cylindrica, will require more detailed preliminary studies in both the preclinical and clinical venues.
The present review summarizes a comprehensive overview of the reported pharmacognosy, phytochemistry, and pharmacological activities of the plant I. cylindrical. Up to now, 72 compounds from I. cylindrica were identified, among them flavonoids and saponins are the main compositions. The reports on the bioactivities of extracts and compounds from I. cylindrica are chronicled, the main bioactive components are lignans and flavonoids, which may contribute either directly or indirectly to the biological effects of the I. cylindrica genus. Studies implemented through in vivo and in vitro experiments have demonstrated the bioactivities of I. cylindrica plants, most of which support their traditional medicine uses. Pharmacological studies are mainly focused on the anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antiviral and antioxidant activity, and liver protection activity. In addition, some studies indicated that it has immunomodulatory functions.
Nevertheless, some issues still remain unclarified. Firstly, the traditional diuretic and hemostasis actions of I. cylindrica require more modern pharmacology studies to clarify its underlying mechanism. As current activity studies mostly focus on in vitro, more in vivo studies and more clinical applications are needed to further optimize modern clinical drug standards. In addition, it should be noted that during our review, we observed that some studies have conflicting results, which suggest that these studies may not provide reproducible data. Moreover, study protocols were improperly described and there was heterogeneity in study protocols. These factors could hinder the replication of experiments. Strong scientific methodologies are required before confirmatory decisions can be made on the potential of I. cylindrica. Secondly, there are a limited number of active ingredients that have been pharmacological studies. Therefore, we need to answer if these identified substances can achieve the equivalent effect of I. cylindrica, or, if not, to what extent. Thirdly, the traditional using of TCM are commonly combined with other TCM in conventional therapies. The interactions and underlying mechanisms between I. cylindrica and other TCM should be further investigated by future studies. Furthermore, the current studies of this plant have primarily focused on its small molecule compounds, but have rarely investigated its macromolecular compounds. Thus, future studies of I. cylindrica could devote more effort to its macromolecular compounds, especially its polysaccharides. Fourthly, due to the complex composition of agents used in herbal medicine, a unified international identification of I. cylindrica is needed to control the quality of this herbal medicine and establishing a standardized fingerprint of this plant might be indispensable. Finally, although I. cylindrica is currently widely distributed and cultivated in many areas of the world, it is also important to manage the use of this plant and avoid overexploitation.
We believe that if we can solve the above questions in depth and reveal the medical potential of I. cylindrica, as well as other TCM, we can explore and utilize the precious medical reserve that TCM left to the human beings. Simultaneously, we hope this review highlights the importance of I. cylindrica and provides some directions for the future development of this plant.
Conceptualization and writing the draft: D.S.; Data collection and analysis: D.S. and Y.-K.J.; Writing-review and editing: D.S. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.
This research was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (2020R1A6A1A03043708).
The data presented in this study are available on request from the corresponding author.
MIC minimum inhibitory concentration
MMP matrix metalloproteinase
MRSA methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
NF-κB nuclear factor-κB
ROS reactive oxygen species
RSV respiratory syncytial virus
SOD superoxide dismutase
SsaA staphylococcal secretory antigen
Syk spleen tyrosine kinase
TBARS thio-barbituric acid reactive substances
TCM traditional Chinese medicine
TLR2 toll-like receptor
TNF-α tumor necrosis factor alpha
TGF-β transforming growth factor-β
UV ultraviolet
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Figure 1. Constituents isolated from I. cylindrica.
Table 1. Constituents isolated from I. cylindrica
Saponins
1 Arundoin 4555-56-0 C31H52O [4]
2 Cylindrin 17904-55-1 C31H52O [4]
3 26-Norolean-9(11)-ene, 3-methoxy-13-methyl-, (3β)- 2392-92-9 C31H52O [4]
4 (8α)-Arborinol methyl ether 27570-19-0 C31H52O [5]
5 β-Sitosterol 83-46-5 C29H50O [6]
6 Daucosterol 474-58-8 C35H60O6 [6]
7 α-Amyrin 638-95-9 C30H50O [6]
8 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-6′-tetradecanoate 120000-27-3 C49H86O7 [6]
9 Friedelin 559-74-0 C30H50O [7]
10 Alnusenone 508-09-8 C30H48O [8]
11 Simiarenol 1615-94-7 C30H50O [8]
12 Fernenol 4966-00-1 C30H50O [8]
13 2-Methoxyestrone 362-08-3 C19H24O3 [9]
14 14-epiarbor-7-en-3β-ol - C30H50O [10]
15 14-epiarbor-7-en-3β-yl formate - C31H50O2 [10]
16 14-epiarbor-7-en- 3-one - C30H48O [10]
17 Tricin 520-32-1 C17H14O7 [6]
18 Caryatin 1486-66-4 C17H14O7 [6]
19 Jaceidin 10173-01-0 C18H16O8 [6]
20 4H-1-Benzopyran-4-one, 7-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3,5,6-trimethoxy- 58130-92-0 C19H18O8 [6]
21 5-Methoxyflavone 42079-78-7 C16H12O3 [7]
22 5-Hydroxyflavone 491-78-1 C15H10O3 [11]
23 Flavone 525-82-6 C15H10O2 [11]
24 2-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-5-methoxy-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one 106848-87-7 C16H12O4 [11]
25 4H-1-Benzopyran-4-one, 6-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)- 1588495-01-5 C22H22O9 [11]
26 5,7-Dihydroxy-8-methoxyflavone 632-85-9 C16H12O5 [11]
27 6-Hydroxy-5-methoxy-2-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one 118021-60-6 C16H12O4 [11]
28 5-hydroxy-2-(2-phenylethyl) chromone 877673-99-9 C17H14O3 [12]
29 Flidersiachromone 61828-53-3 C17H14O2 [12]
30 5-Hydroxy-2-[2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one 357637-15-1 C17H14O4 [12]
31 5-Hydroxy-2-(2-phenylethenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one 389136-26-9 C17H12O3 [12]
32 Flindersiachromone 61828-53-3 C17H14O2 [11]
33 4H-1-Benzopyran-4-one, 5-hydroxy-2-(2-phenylethyl)- 877673-99-9 C17H14O3 [11]
34 8-Hydroxy-2-(2-phenylethyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one 1588494-99-8 C17H14O3 [11]
35 4H-1-Benzopyran-4-one, 8-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-2-(2-phenylethyl) 1588495-00-4 C23H24O8 [11]
36 Maritimin 3449-40-9 C11H10O4 [13]
Glycosides
37 Salicin 138-52-3 C13H18O7 [8]
38 3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl 1-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→6)-O-β-D-glucopyranoside 872885-48-8 C20H30O12 [11]
39 Seguinoside K 257888-26-9 C26H32O15 [14]
40 Gymnetinoside D 1588477-87-5 C27H34O15 [14]
41 Deacetylimpecyloside 1622990-04-8 C32H38O17 [14]
42 Impecyloside 1070967-17-7 C34H40O18 [15]
43 Graminone B 161407-73-4 C21H22O8 [16]
44 Graminone A 161407-72-3 C20H20O7 [16]
45 Cylindol A 159225-89-5 C16H14O7 [17]
46 Cylindol B 159225-90-8 C16H14O7 [17]
47 Imperanene 163634-08-0 C19H22O5 [18]
48 4-Hydroxy-cinnamic acid 57-10-3 C16H32O2 [19]
49 Isovanillin 621-59-0 C8H8O3 [6]
50 Ethyl p-hydroxybenzoate 120-47-8 C9H10O3 [7]
51 Vanillic acid 121-34-6 C8H8O4 [7]
52 p-Vinylguaiacol 7786-61-0 C9H10O2 [20]
53 Protocatechuic acid 99-50-3 C7H6O4 [8]
54 1-O-p-Coumaroylglycerol 63529-09-9 C12H14O5 [8]
55 4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde 123-08-0 C7H6O2 [11]
56 Impecylone 1622990-03-7 C14H14O4 [14]
57 Impecylenolide 1622990-05-9 C20H20O7 [14]
58 Caffeic acid 331-39-5 C9H8O4 [13]
59 Ferulic acid 1135-24-6 C10H10O4 [13]
60 N-Acetyl-p-aminophenol 103-90-2 C8H9 NO2 [21]
Coumarins
61 Siderin 53377-54-1 C12 H12 O4 [22]
62 7-O-Glucosyloxy-4-methoxy-5-methylcoumarin 41680-13-1 C17 H20 O9 [8]
63 7-Hydroxy-4-methoxy-5-methylcoumarin 41680-12-0 C11 H10 O4 [11]
64 Dimethyl 4,4′-dimethoxy-5,6,5′,6′-dimethylenedioxybiphenyl-2,2′-dicarboxylate 73536-69-3 C20 H18 O10 [19]
65 Palmitic acid 57-10-3 C16 H32 O2 [19]
66 Cylindrene 158204-49-0 C15 H20 O2 [17]
67 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural 67-47-0 C6 H6 O3 [7]
68 Phytol 150-86-7 C20 H40 O [20]
69 Tabanone 13215-88-8 C13 H18 O [20]
70 3-(3,4,5-Trimethoxyphenoxy)-1,2-propanediol 68576-87-4 C12 H18 O6 [8]
71 3, 4-Dihydroxybutyric acid 1518-61-2 C4 H8 O4 [8]
72 L-Cysteine 52-90-4 C3 H7 NO2 S [21]
Table 2. Patents list of products containing constituents from I. cylindrical and their claimed pharmacological properties
Main Composition
Pharmacological Properties
Publish Number
Jelly I. cylindrica roots, Mume fructus, Mori fructus, Sophorae Flavescentis radix, edible gelatin, Glyceryl Monostearate Dispelling the effects of alcoholism CN 107484997 A
Vinegar I. cylindrica, Lycium barbarum, Ziziphus jujube, brewed rice vinegar with acidity of 3.5–4% Relieving hangover and protecting the stomach CN 109423430 A
Soft beverage I. cylindrica roots, Momordica grosvenori, Siraitia grosvenorii fruits, Chrysanthemum morifolium flowers, crystal sugar Clearing heat and detoxicating, cooling blood and hemostasis CN 106418063 A
Solid beverage sugar cane powder and I. cylindrica powder Clearing heat and detoxicating, promoting urination, and salivation, relieving restlessness CN 105495260 A
Sauce I. cylindrica Clearing heat and detoxicating, tonifying middle-jiao and qi CN 104543941 A
Flavoring agents I. cylindrica flowers, Phyllanthus Emblica fruits, antelope horn, Panax Ginseng leaves, edible vinegar essence, sesame oil, prebiotics Tranquillizing heart and nourishing stomach CN 106107858 A
Tea I. cylindrica roots, Paeonia suffruticosa root barks, Saposhnikovia divaricata roots Clearing heat and cooling blood, reinforcing disease resistance and preventing cold CN 106689560 A
Tea I. cylindrica root, Lonicera japonica flowers, crystal sugar Clearing heat and toxic materials and relieving sore throat CN 106689557 A
Wine Imperata cylindrical, Hedyotis diffusa, Semen Plantaginis, 5 kg of pure grain spirit Eliminating heat and toxin, removing dampness and treating stranguria CN 103725482 A
Edible toothpaste Imperata cylindrica root antibacterial powder, vitamin powder, fish gelatin Preventing periodontal disease, antisepsis and containing no toxic chemicals CN 106214600 A
Publisher's Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Jung, Y.-K.; Shin, D. Imperata cylindrica: A Review of Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Industrial Applications. Molecules 2021, 26, 1454. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26051454
Jung Y-K, Shin D. Imperata cylindrica: A Review of Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Industrial Applications. Molecules. 2021; 26(5):1454. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26051454
Jung, Young-Kyung, and Dongyun Shin. 2021. "Imperata cylindrica: A Review of Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Industrial Applications" Molecules 26, no. 5: 1454. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26051454
https://www.mdpi.com/1024854


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Böcker Böcker1 - 10 av 57 om The Lord Jesus hath, in this ordinance, appointed his ministers to declare his word....
The Lord Jesus hath, in this ordinance, appointed his ministers to declare his word of institution to the people, to pray, and bless the elements of bread and wine, and thereby to set them apart from a common to an holy use ; and to take and break the...
A collection of confessions of faith, catechisms, directories, books of ... - Sida 134
efter Church of Scotland - 1719
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The Creeds of Christendom: With a History and Critical Notes, Vol III
Philip Schaff - 1877
...and bless the elements of bread and wine, and thereby to set them apart from a common to an holy use; and to take and break the bread, to take the cup, and (they communicating also themselves) to give both to the communicants;1 but to none who are not then present in the congregation.*...
The confessions of faith, catechisms, directories, form of church-government ...
Church of Scotland - 1764 - 632 sidor
...27, Heb. 10. 1 1, 12, 14, T8. III. The Lord Jefus hath, in this Ordinance, appointed his Minifters to declare his Word of Inftitution to the People;...blefs the Elements of Bread and Wine, and thereby to fet them apart from a Common to an Holy Ufe; and to Take and Break the Bread, to' take the Cup, and...
The confession of faith, the larger and shorter catechisms, with the ...
Assembly of divines confess. and catech - 1765
...The Lord Jefus hath, in this ordinance, appointed his minifters to declare his word of inilitution to the people, to pray, and blefs the elements of bread and wine, and thereby to fet them apart from a common to a holy ufe; and to take, and break the bread, to take the cup, and...
...for all the fins of the cleft d. III. The Lord Jefus hath, in this ordinance, appointed his minifters to declare his word of inftitution to the people,...pray, and blefs the elements of bread and wine, and hereby to fee them apart from a common to a holy ufe ; and to take, and break the bread, to take the...
...of inititution to the people, to pray, and blefs the elements of bread and wine, and thereby to ,fet them apart from a common to an holy ufe ; and to take,...(they communicating alfo themfelves) to give both Lord, and the cup of devils : ye cannot be partakers of the Lord's table, and of the table of devils....
The Constitution of the Presbyterian Church in the United States of America ...
Presbyterian Church in the U.S.A. - 1806 - 470 sidor
...III. The Lord Jcfus hath, in this ordinance^ appointed his miniftcrs to declare his word of inllituuon to the people, to pray, and blefs the elements of bread and wine, and thereby to fet them apart from a common, to an holy ufe ; and to take and break the bread, to take the cup, and...
The Original Constitution, Order and Faith of the New-England Churches ...
1808 - 154 sidor
...bless the elements of bread and \vine, and thereby to set them apart from a common to an holy use, and to take and break the bread, to take the cup, and (they communicating also themselves) to give both to the communicants, tut to none who are not then present in the congregation....
The Confession of Faith: The Larger and Shorter Catechism with the Scripture ...
...bless the elements of bread and wine, and thereby to set them apart from a common to an holy use ; and to take and break the bread, to take the cup, and (tliey communicating also themselves) to give both to the communicants e ; but to none who are not...
...bless the elements of bread and wine, and thereby to set them apart from a'common to an -holy use; and to take -and break the bread, to take the cup, and (they communicating also themselves) to give both to the communicants6 ; but to none who are not then present in the congregation...
The Constitution and Standards of the Associate-Reformed Church in North-America
Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church - 1827 - 978 sidor
...bless the elements of bread and wine, and thereby to set them apart fro« a common to an holy use ; and to take, and break the bread, to take the cup, and (they communicating also themselves) to give both to the communicants ;e but to none who are not then present in the congregation.*'...
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On February 2, 2018, AT&T notified IBEW Local Union 21 they were contemplating a Premise Technician Layoff. Since then there have been multiple conversations between AT&T's Labor Relations Department and representatives from IBEW 21.
We are pleased to announce that AT&T will not be moving forward with their contemplated Premise Technician force reduction. The contemplated layoff of IBEW 21 Premise Technicians has been STOPPED!
Over the past two weeks your Union presented management with many ideas on how to avoid the potential layoff. The alternatives and implementation are still part of ongoing discussions. To put Premise Technicians at ease it is important to know employees will not be forced to work a reduced schedule.
While this communication doesn't offer a lot details we felt it was important to put this message out to calm the fears of many Premise Technicians who thought they may be losing their jobs. Discussions are ongoing. Future information will be shared when available.
We realize the last two weeks have been stressful for our membership. We thank you for your patience. To prevent unnecessary anxiety we ask that members avoid stirring the pot by speculating and feeding the rumor mill. If you have any questions or concerns please contact your Chief Steward or Business Representative their information can be found here.