Did you notice the traffic police or the bus drivers in their uniforms on your way to work? Have you noticed that thehelper in the spa or the workers at a construction site? Though these people are in completely different professions, one thing common amongst all is that they wear uniform to work. Do you know that the people in medical, hospitality,constructions, security and other professions are required to wear uniforms for certain reasons? Plus, there are uniform manufacturers who custom design uniforms for each profession.
Wearing a uniform means that all the people in the group are similar and need to be treated equally. In the armed forces, police force, manufacturing units, and other professions, all employees are required to wear uniforms. This prevents them from being treated differently if they are from different backgrounds, ethnicities, social or economic classes, and other strata of the society. It brings everyone on the same platform and creates a sense of oneness between them. Moreover, it develops a team spirit between co-workers.
In some cases, uniforms help distinguish one set of workers from other based on their designation or their roles. In a hospital you can easily identify a nurse, doctor, ward boy or any other staff according to their uniforms. In this case, the differentiation is essential as it helps patients and others to identify the right people to approach.
In many cases, uniforms are designed to ensure the safety of the workers. Uniform manufactures in Bangalore keep this in mind while designing uniforms for different professions. Workers in the construction industry or those working on the roadways need to wear high-visibility jackets and caps for safety. Similarly,their shoes should also provide the optimum safety when they are working on uneven ground or high up on the scaffold. Those working in the factory line need to wear uniforms that protect them from potential hazards in their work area.
Bonus point : Wearing uniform to work also means you don't have to worry about organising an outfit for work every day! Imagine the time it will save you. Plus, in most cases, the employers provide the uniforms, so you don't even have to spend on buying uniforms.
Unipro is one of the leading uniform manufactures in Bangalore that has more than 15 years of experience in designing and delivering the best quality uniforms. We also tailor uniforms for custom sizes. Contact us for customized uniform designing.


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Railway Disasters
Railway Transportation
Families of women killed in Ellicott City derailment reach settlement with CSX
By Kevin Rector
The families of two young women killed in the derailment of a CSX coal train in the heart of historic Ellicott City in the summer of 2012 have reached a settlement with the railroad.
The terms of the settlement, reached in November, are confidential, said Rob Doolittle, a CSX Transportation spokesman.
The National Transportation Safety Board determined last year that a worn and fractured rail along the tracks through Ellicott City caused the derailment, which buried Elizabeth Nass and Rose Mayr, both 19-year-old college students, in coal as they sat on a trestle that carries the tracks over the town's Main Street.
Last summer, the two women's parents said they were considering litigation against CSX unless the railroad offered them a public apology for the incident and a financial settlement.
"The families and our attorneys are determined to hold CSX fully accountable," said Eric Nass, the father of Elizabeth Nass, in a statement released in July by the law firm Baum Hedlund Aristei & Goldman, which specializes in rail disaster litigation nationwide.
Robin McCall, a spokeswoman for the firm, said Wednesday that "the matter has been resolved," but otherwise declined to comment.
The parents of Nass and Mayr did not respond to requests for comment.
The derailment occurred close to midnight, as Aug. 20, 2012, turned to Aug. 21 — not long before Nass and Mayr, both Mount Hebron High School graduates, were supposed to return to James Madison University and the University of Delaware, respectively, as rising juniors.
The derailment threw 21 train cars and tons of coal off the tracks and onto the railbed, some of them traveling across a nearby parking lot and to the edge of the nearby Patapsco River. Nass and Mayr were asphyxiated under a pile of coal on the trestle, where they were trespassing at the time of their deaths.
The accident shocked the town and renewed a conversation about safety along the rail corridor.
krector@baltsun.com
twitter.com/rectorsun
National Transportation Safety Board

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


As we celebrate Memorial Day, I realize how blessed we are to live in America. I am grateful to all of the men and women who fought and our fighting for our freedom and the countless ways God uses them to be heroes to so many.
I realize as the school year has come to an end that teachers are heroes too. Our battlefield is the classroom as we fight to do what is best for the little ones who are fighting their own battles. Their voices are often not heard. The struggles of their battles are shown in their behavior....they are either extending love or crying out for love. We can teach them the tools they need to be successful in the battles and challenges faced in everyday life.
I had to remind myself throughout the day that I may be the only person to love that child for the day and I prayed that I show that child a Heart of Patience. I know God placed each kiddo in my room and I am humbled to realize He entrusted them to me for 178 days. In those 178 days, I asked myself if I was reaching their head and touching their heart???? By loving our kiddos, we are a hero to so many of them.
As the school year has ended for me, my mind is already thinking of next year....I know I am a weirdo. =) But before I can do that, I need to be reflective of this year so I can do a better job next year. I am very critical about the things I do so I always try and make myself find positive things I have done. Here are the questions I am answering and reflecting on. I hope you can use them too!
I am starting to think about our CD book study. I would love for you to leave me a heart note or send me an email about ANY questions you have about CD. This will help me as I plan the book study. I really, really want to know what you are thinking and what parts of CD you think you are ready to try in your classroom.
Thank you for all of the sweet heart notes you leave. I am so blessed by each one of them and treasure each one in my heart.
After reading your posts on CD, I am definitely looking into getting this book & reading it over the summer. I just have to say that you are truly inspiring. I look forward to each & every post that you write. Thanks for all that you share with us!
This year I implemented some ideas from "Creating a School Family." I also have the other CD book that I read years ago, so I am looking forward to reading it along with other teachers and discussing it.
I have the book and I am ready to go! I have had two fit throwers the last two years. I want to know how I can better handle them and teach them to handle their anger and frustration better.
I want to start off by saying that I absolutely love your blog! It is so uplifting. Our district is training teachers at our school in CD this June. We are doing a two day training. I really don't know all that much about it but I am excited about it. What is your favorite part of CD and what have you seen as the most positive change in your classroom?
I ordered the book and it has yet to be delivered. I would have to go along with Carrie's question. I'd like to be able to implement all I can at the beginning, if that is possible.
I would like to do a CD book study as it applies to intermediate grades (3-5), but I understand if that would be too much of a specialized request.
CD Book study? I can't wait! I really want some more ideas on what to do when discipline problems arise and how to get away from behavior charts without parents and coworkers thinking you've gone crazy! Also, how to implement from the beginning of the year. Thanks so much for all of your ideas and kindness Heather. I just love your blog!
I would love, love, love to do a book study. I have read your posts about CD with interest. Have spent time trying some of the ideas but have not really done it wholeheartedly. Can hardly wait!
I absolutely love reading your blog. It is always so positive and helps put me in a good state of mind, especially those days that are rough with my students. I plan on getting CD over the summer and diving in to it.... thanks to your inspiration! Have a wonderful Memorial Day.
What a beautiful poem, Heather!
I love the philosophy of CD and bought the book a few months ago. I'd love to follow along in your book study!
I can not wait to read this book over the summer! I started implementing some CD techniques after reading about them on your blog, such as "I notice that..." instead of "I like the way..." I am looking forward to making even more changes next year. Thanks for bringing this great book to all of your blog readers.
I would love to do a book study on CD. It seems perfect for my population of students and sounds great! I have already started using some of it in my classroom. I'm getting to book and looking forward to the bookstudy.
I ordered the book and began reading it this weekend. I have made it through the introduction stuff. I can't wait to do the study with others. I just need to study the whole book and learn how to implement it in the classroom. I noticed it said it was best to read the first 2 parts over the summer and then add one new Power each month. Maybe we should study it the whole school year together as we add a new Power each month??? I am really exicited!
Your poem was beautiful! There was a line that reminded me of our district motto: Soar Like Eagles. My para-educator pointed out the verse Isaiah 40:31 - "But those who hope in the LORD will renew their strength. They will soar on wings like eagles..." after hearing the motto. We like to think that it comes from that verse :) I am going to send her a copy of your poem. She will LOVE it!
Also, I am so excited for the book study! I am going to order the book as soon as I get my May paycheck! Thanks for all of your inspiration! ~Heidi V. PS Happy Summer Break!
Thank you for your sweet words on my blog. You quite the inspiration yourself. It is evident how much you adore your students and just appreciate life. I am thankful for your end of the year questions. I reflect A LOT and I think this is a great way to reflect about the right things. I am printing it now.
Thank you so much for recognizing that teachers are heroes, that you are a hero. Thank you so much for your amazingly kind words on my blog, I have been so blessed by your encouragement. I'm like you in that I'm very critical about myself and have to remember to think about the positives. We have a special joy, and praying for patience is something I often have to remember to do in order to show love. Thank you for your beautiful heart!
I'm so glad you stopped by my new blog. I LOVE yours!!! Can't wait to read up.
I checked the book out from our library at school and I am raring to go for the book study. I took a one day workshop last month and want to know more, since we only had time for an overview.
I have been reading your blog and I love it! You have so many wonderful ideas! Thank you for stopping by my new blog. I took the week off, but I plan to keep updating it over the summer.
Hey Heather. Please email me at 1stgradewithmisssnowden@gmail.com. I have tried to email you my BBQ unit from every email address I have and each message says that your server is blocking them. Hmmm! Hope to hear from you soon.


... International Pynchon Week, Day 2 (continued from previous post). 09:00-10:30 Session V chair: Paweł Frelik Huei-ju Wang (National Chi Nan University), The Figure of the Private Eye in Pynchon from The Crying of Lot 49 to Inherent Vice Huei-Ju's presentation offered an overview of the role of the Private Eye in two of the California cycle, arguing that Inherent Vice must be read not only as a novel of the 60s, but also as a novel of the publication era; post 9/11 America. Moving from the overstated critical stance of TCoL49 as a postmodern inverted detective novel, her argument read Pynchon's latest work as a critique of torture and extraordinary rendition in US foreign policy. Arkadiusz Misztal (Gdańsk University), Varied Modes of Detection: a Forensic Investigation into Thomas Pynchon's The Crying of Lot 49 and Inherent Vice Continuing the detective panel, Arkadiusz's paper developed a reading of Pynchon's novels derived from the Morellian method of the famed Sherlock Holmes. Arguing that for Morellian method to succeed, some form of hierarchical structure must be established, Arkadiusz demonstrated that, in thwarting such a structure, Pynchon's texts function as voices for the marginalised. Paolo Simonetti (Università di Roma "Sapienza"), "Bye bye Black Dahlia": Thomas Pynchon and the "Inherent Vice" of detective fiction Paolo's paper argued that, in the figure of Bigfoot, we are given a conflation of Swedish and American crime fiction references. Moving from the notion of hardboiled crime fiction, Paolo concluded that, fifty years after the publication of V., Doc Sportello is finally a character who achieves McClintic Sphere's mantra: "Keep cool, but care". 10:45-12:15 Session VI chair: Michael Harris Keith O'Neill (SUNY, Dutchess), Inherent Vice's Monster Mash: Pynchon and the Gothic Unfortunately, Keith couldn't make the event. Doug Haynes (University of Sussex), The Virtues of Vice: 'Black Humour' in Inherent Vice and Beyond Neutrality disclaimer: Doug is my doctoral supervisor. Doug's paper focused on issues of currency and gold in Inherent Vice. Starting with the Golden Fang, he developed a post-Marxian reading which saw a telos beyond the frame of reference in the novel to Nixon's 1971 move to take America off the gold standard. Such a reading brought new relevance to a text which, in most papers, has been seen as a retrospective; Doug's work posited IV as a narrative of debt which strongly resonates with the contemporary economic situation. Celia Wallhead (Univeristy Of Granada), The Ineludible Flaws In Hippiedom And Fascism In Thomas Pynchon's Inherent Vice Celia's paper tackled the ongoing "battle" between hippies and fascists in Pynchon's work, but specifically in Inherent Vice. Citing her personal experiences as well as textual material, she brought insight to this important topic in Pynchon studies . 14:15-15:45 Session VII chair: Terence Reilly Xavier Marcó del Pont (Royal Holloway, University of London), Paranoid Reading: Narrative Structure and Organisational Devices in Thomas Pynchon's Against the Day and Inherent Vice Xavier's paper took a narrative theory approacch to AtD and IV, arguing that Pynchon's titles have frequently provided us with nominative descriptors of their own structuring devices (V = chevron, GR = parabola, M&D = line). Arguing that AtD deploys an electromagnetic sine-wave as one such spatialisation, he demonstrated that character frequency could be a factor in such a reading; Franz Ferdinand being a low frequency character for instance, while the Chums of Chance rank higher. Conversely, arguing that IV is composed of a "vice" -- a linguistic interconnection of which I felt unsure -- Xavier moved to exploit the visual similarity of the parenthesis; a set of which he claims has been placed around the countercultural sixties. Petrus van Ewijk (University of Antwerp), The ARPAnet Trip: The Network from Gravity's Rainbow to Inherent Vice Petrus' paper took a Deleuzian framework to examine the evolution of the internet in Pynchon's work, from GR through to IV. I really enjoyed this paper (as a geek) which brilliantly captured the tension between a distributed structure that empowers and a distributed structure that is resistant to shutdown and which only controls. Michel Ryckx (developer, Eindhoven, Netherlands), Abundancy and Dialogue in Pynchon Criticism: A Possible Model for a Computed Secondary Bibliography Sadly, Michel couldn't make it. 16:00-17:30 Session VIII chair: Tomasz Basiuk Kate Delaney (MIT), Hoop dreams: the soundtrack of Inherent Vice Kate's paper was perhaps the most offbeat work of the day, which focused on the representation of Doc's support for the Los Angeles Lakers. Pointing out such historical features as the time-delay on the playoffs and the difference between the Lakers fan of 1970 and the contemporary (1970 was a run of bad luck second bests for the Lakers), she convincingly argued that Pynchon has got it right here in most respects; for Doc to come second at everything he tries seems apt. Sascha Pöhlmann (Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München), Pynchon's Games Apart from being a truly engaging speaker, Sascha's work on games, play and seriousness had, for me, one incredibly serious point with far reaching ramifications. If "play" is as freewheeling as we would like to believe, how would we recognise it. Taking a stance on rules as inherent to play and games, Sascha gave several examples of Pynchon's supposed literary playfulness, in order to demonstrate how they can be read as far more seriousness than had been imagined. Gary Thompson (Saginaw Valley State University, Michigan), Performing Pynchon Gary took an overview of different definitions of performance, ranging from Schechner to Phelan, in order to examine the ways in which Pynchon's work can be read as performance. Arguing of the danger in a trivialization in the performance term "play", he specified that GR is a clearly bounded text with its own set of internal rules.
International Pynchon Week: Day 2 was published on June 11, 2010 . You can annotate or comment upon this post.


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As competições de polo aquático nos Jogos Pan-Americanos de 1975 foram realizadas na Cidade do México, México. O torneio foi disputado apenas entre homens. Esta foi a sétima edição do esporte nos Jogos Pan-Americanos.

 Pan American Games water polo medalists on HickokSports

Jogos Pan-Americanos de 1975
Polo aquático nos Jogos Pan-Americanos

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Karl Georg Kohn (born August 1, 1926) is an Austrian-born American composer, teacher and pianist. He taught at Pomona College for more than 40 years.

Biography

Kohn began playing the piano as a child in Vienna; after he emigrated to the United States at the age of 13, he continued his education at the New York College of Music (1940–1944) and at Harvard (B.A., M.A.) where he studied composition with Walter Piston, Irving Fine, and Randall Thompson.  He is W. M. Keck Distinguished Service Professor Emeritus at Pomona College, where he taught for over forty years. His students at Pomona included Douglas Leedy, David Noon and Susan Morton Blaustein as well as, privately, Frank Zappa and John McGuire.

With his wife, Margaret Kohn, he has had a long career as a duo-pianist in the United States and in Europe, with a repertoire focused on major 20th century works by Debussy, Bartók, Berio, Stravinsky, Messiaen, Ligeti, Reich, and Boulez.  Kohn played in the US premier of Boulez's Structures together with the composer.

Kohn's own works have been performed by the Los Angeles Philharmonic and Buffalo Philharmonic Orchestras, the Oakland Symphony, the Saint Paul Chamber Orchestra, on the San Francisco Symphony's Musica Viva series, at the Monday Evening Concerts in Los Angeles (Kohn served for two decades on the board of directors of the Monday Evening Concerts), and in concerts and broadcasts throughout the United States and abroad.

Compositions

Kohn has composed in all major genres of concert music. His work uses a unique collage-like style, in which individual instruments or groups of instruments project themselves from the surrounding events.  His music cannot easily be immediately identified as either European or American in character, as it uses both the resources of his deep engagement in the European classical traditional as well as a more empirical approach to his materials.

Karl Kohn's principal publishers are Carl Fischer Music, New York, GunMar Music, Inc., (from Shawnee Press, Delaware Water Gap, PA), Edition Contemp Art, Vienna, and Material Press, Frankfurt am Main.

References

1926 births
Living people
20th-century classical composers
21st-century classical composers
American male classical composers
American classical composers
Harvard University alumni
New York College of Music alumni
Pupils of Walter Piston
21st-century American composers
20th-century American composers
20th-century American male musicians
21st-century American male musicians
Pomona College faculty
Austrian emigrants to the United States


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Shame ~ A Capsule Movie Review
Shame ~ A Capsule Movie Review by Allen Kopp
Shame is an English movie with an English director with a German leading man playing the part of an American. Handsome mid-thirties New Yorker Brandon Sullivan (Michael Fassbender) seems to have it all. He has a high-powered job and an upscale apartment with a spectacular view of the New York skyline. He has something else, though, and it is the one thing that defines him more than anything else: He is a sex addict. When he isn't engaged in sexual activity, he's seeking sexual activity, gratifying himself (you get the picture), or watching porn on the Internet. He is consumed with sex and because he's so attractive he has no shortage of sexual partners.
We see after a while, though, that no matter how much sex Brandon has, it's never enough. While constantly seeking gratification of his appetites, he is never gratified. He is an empty shell of a man, a lost soul. He can only relate to people on a sexual level and, once the sex act is finished, there is nothing.
Brandon's irresponsible younger sister Sissy (Carey Mulligan) shows up one day at his apartment. She has an unhappy past and is a singer of sorts (in a nightclub scene she sings a very slow, bluesy version of "New York, New York"). She has no place to stay and Brandon allows her to stay with him for a few days. He finds, though, that she is an unwelcome burden; she encroaches on his ability to satisfy his appetites. She makes a play for Brandon's boss and, once the initial conquest is over, she continues to pursue the boss, even though he is a married man with children. Through his sister, Brandon begins to see himself as a he really is and he doesn't like what he sees.
Shame has an NC17 rating, meaning that the sex scenes are too graphic for an R rating. The sex scenes are not there for titillation, though, as in most movies that venture into that territory. The sex scenes are an integral, organic part of what's going on in Shame; they are so much a part of the character of Brandon Sullivan that we wouldn't see his pain—or his shame—without them.
Copyright © 2012 by Allen Kopp


Partner Joy Barrist has been elected president of Delaware Real Estate Women. DREW is a women-only group of Delaware area commercial real estate professionals. The group's objectives include networking, education and professional development.
Barrist offers a full range of commercial real estate law services involving the finance, acquisition, sale, lease and development of complex multimillion-dollar real estate projects throughout Delaware, around the country and internationally.
For more information, visit DREW's website.


Simple Circle Dots with Rose Gold Smart Cover Hard Case for iPad 9.7 2018 . iPad Pro 12.9 2018 . iPad Pro 11" . iPad Air 10.5"
- All of our iPad items are hand made just for you with care and love, we require * 8 days to create and ship with absolute excellence, we are sure the wait will be worthwhile.


How companies can act responsibly and in the sense of future generations.
Intelligence and IT dominate the world of decentralized energy.
Urbanization is worldwide challenging the traffic systems. Investments in transport infrastructure foster competetivity.
Companies and the environment benefit from careful use of energy and raw materials. Efficiency is essential to remove the link between economic growth and resource consumption.
The internet of things promises a smart future in a communicating environment.
International trends like increasing mobility, digitalization, networking and globalization have changed our private life as well as business. Collaborating beyond borders, sharing and spreading knowledge have become important skills.
Its all about ideas and speed. The first company to introduce a new product onto the market and gain an enthusiastic response from customers will achieve a competitive advantage and be successful over the long run.
In light of the global economic crisis, climateprotection is seen not only as a necessary environmentalpolicy but also as an economicallysensible investment in the future.


text:
Let's Talk Off Broadway
Yvonne Korshak reviews Off-Broadway, Broadway, Film and Art
Review | Iphigenia in Aulis from Euripides | Transadaptation by Anne Washburn | Classic Stage Company
By Yvonne Korshak
In Adaptations From Great Authors, Off-Broadway Theater
… Lucidity …
Euripides' Iphigenia in Aulis is a very great play and its force comes across in this production. It leaves you shaken by the tragic, and elated.
The play's force lies in the extraordinary power of Euripides' mind, and the experience of seeing the play in this production by Classic Stage is mind-to-mind, his and yours. What a privilege!
The Greek army is on its way to Troy when its ships are becalmed at Aulis. For days on end no winds arise to fill the sails. The army is frustrated, morale is low. A seer reveals to Agamemnon, the Greek leader, that there will be no wind until Agamemnon sacrifices his own virginal daughter, Iphigenia – sacrifice as in slit her throat on altar — to appease the gods who are angry for their own reasons. Goaded to fulfill the gods' demand by his brother Menelaus (some nerve, it's to bring Menelaus' wife, Helen, back from Troy that Greeks have raised this army) Agamemnon sends for Iphigenia, using the ruse that he's arranged her marriage with Achilles.
Agamemnon is agonized. He has second thoughts and even seems near to changing his mind about the sacrifice until Fate moves his hand. Faster than he expected, Iphigenia arrives in Aulis, and not alone but with her mother and his wife, Clytemnestra – of course they came quickly, they're excited about the brilliant marriage.
The Greek army is excited too, but for the opposite, deadly reason: the sacrificial virgin that will get them out of this desolate place has arrived — kill her and let's get on to Troy! Agamemnon, under pressure from his brother, the army, and his need to save face – his reasons are never totally clear — decides he must move forward with the sacrifice. The ambiguities of Agamemnon's motivation are part of the power of the play.
And Iphigenia is, yes, actually sacrificed by having her throat cut … Miracle of miracles! — the messenger reports that at the least moment an animal appeared for the sacrifice on the altar, and, as a vision, Iphigenia's moved on to a better place! (Or did she? To know the answer to that, you have to read Euripides' Iphigenia in Tauris.) And the winds rise, the Greeks can sail. Although Euripides died before completing the play, the ironies near the end are so powerful one feels he must have sketched them out. It just takes a genius.
Rob Campbell, playing both Agamemnon and Achilles, is effective at creating the two distinct characters. His Agamemnon is a centrist powerful male, affecting in conveying the intensity of his conflict. His Achilles is a youthful tough guy with something of a "Brooklyn" accent that's amusing, but fills out the character and is not distracting. I really got a kick out of the way he did it.
Amber Gray is powerful as Clytemnestra whose emotional journey takes her from keen anticipation of the great marriage, to betrayal by her husband and terror and grief at the loss of her daughter.
Kristen Sieh is touching in her main role of Iphigenia, the tender girl just emerging from childhood who shows, in the course of the play, strength and purpose beyond that of any of the male "heroes," though (reluctantly because she's a fine performer) I found her visually unconvincing in looking too old for the part.
There is one disappointing aspect of this production — the Mardigras conception of the Chorus, supposed to represent the women of the region, played here by men and women. They come on as if the play needs more energy, which it doesn't, and they're there to provide it – in colorful no-two-the-same everything-goes costumes and exaggerated flowery crowns, singing and dancing to a folk rock score with a lot of repetitive chant beat, composed by The Bengsons.
The chorus includes some fine singers and performers but their choreography by Sonya Taheh involves much circling the central stage with thumping feet and jagged, staccato motions and is repetitive. The big loss is this: Euripides' poetry is largely unheard or turned fragmentary, re-arranged in jazzed up singing.
But Eurpides has weathered more through time than a mis-conceived Chorus. The play leaves one stunned, breathless, and full of thought. In spite of all the misadventures that this play has experienced – at Euripides' death his son or nephew wrote the ending, and since then it's undergone copying errors and emendations — Euripides' voice speaks to us.
No one else could tell us these things, things we must know. As Anne Washburn, the transadapter writes, "… the mind which shines through it, in all of its terrible and heartbreaking lucidity, is Euripides." This is absolutely true.
This production is directed by Rachel Chavkin
Iphigenia in Aulis, a part of Classic Stage's Greek Festival, plays at Classic Stage in Manhattan's East Village through October 4, 2015.
Anne WashburnClassic Stage Companyclassical tragedyEuripides mindGreek mythsGreek tragedyGreek tragedy in translationhuman sacrificeIphigenia in Aulisvirgin sacrifice
Review | Desire | Six Plays Based on Tennessee Williams Short Stories | The Acting Company | 59E59 Theaters
Review | Danny and the Deep Blue Sea | By John Patrick Shanley | Starring Susan Mitchell and John Talerico | Directed by Lissa Moira | Theater for the New City
The agony of Agamemnon having to make such a decision is so completely portrayed that all in the audience are empathetic. That Iphigenia accedes or succumbs to be the heroine lets him have the ability to carry out the sacrifice. As I thought about play, I came to question what was the motive of the seer? That is an answer we may never understand but it's worth thinking about. I did enjoy the chorus and felt that they added to the play. They came not from central Greece but were people who lived in a remote region by the sea… Read more »
Adaptations From Great Authors
Dance | Ballet
Off-Broadway Theater
Review | Devdas & Chokher Bali | Indian Classics Reimagined | Directed by Arpita Mukherjee | Hypokrit Theatre Company and Junoon Performing Arts
Art Review | Rooms with a View: The Open Window in the 19th Century | Metropolitan Museum of Art
Art Review | Thomas Hart Benton's America Today Mural Rediscovered | Metropolitan Museum of Art
Art Review | Boxer at Rest, Greek bronze sculpture of the Hellenistic period, late 4th-2nd century B.C., loan exhibit | Metropolitan Museum of Art, NYC, June 1 – July 15, 2013
Review | The Habit of Art by Alan Bennett | Directed by Nicholas Hytner | Starring Richard Griffiths and Elex Jennings | Simulcast of the Play Presented by the National Theatre, London
Show Score, the Rotten Tomatoes for Theater
Drama, Daily | Women Theatre Bloggers
Independent Theater Bloggers Association
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The Producer's Perspective
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Artsy's Marcel Duchamp Page
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I knew it would be deflating to say the least when I came home from my semester in the States, but I honestly felt a bit lost. During the semester, I always had the reassurance that I'd be coming back to something – family, friends and life in Manchester. But the excitement of being back in the UK started to be replaced by the sadness of missing my new friends and an exciting life across the pond.
One of the best reasons for making friends across the world is that you always have a reason to visit somewhere new or exciting. Similarly, you could introduce the glory of Greggs' sausage rolls to a foreign friend, or become their personal tour guide. The possibilities are endless, and it gives you a reason to spice up your calendar.
I also used my summer to mentally prepare myself for the final year of my degree. Now that I've tried a completely different learning style, I can appreciate what works for me in terms of studying. For example, I found studying more often, in smaller work sessions, really improves my memory of difficult materials. Think about getting the most out of your degree in Manchester.
Spending three weeks road tripping left absolutely no free time for reading. When I got home, however, I got back into the habit of reading everything around me. Book series are a great way to get lost in another world, whilst newspapers help you connect better to the real world around you. Instead of spending hours mindlessly scrolling through exotic Instagram accounts, try picking up a book and seeing what you can learn from it.
Finally, reaching out to people who care about you is the most important advice I could give. I can still relive memories with friends I made at NC State online, but I also now have time to catch up with home friends and family in person. Make sure that you spend time learning about any life changes your friends and relatives may have gone through while you've been away. Everyone needs support at some point or another, so being there for each other makes it easier to talk about any issues or struggles.
With the start of uni rapidly approaching, I'm excited (and admittedly terrified) to see what my final year brings. But I also feel re-energised and inspired to bring elements of my American experience to my degree. No one will ever have the same study abroad experience as someone else, it is entirely individual and unique and it doesn't suit everyone. But I'd encourage anyone interested to just throw yourself into it and see what opportunities jump back.
North Carolina's famous blue sky is now accompanied by the promise of a very warm summer, with Finals week heating up both in terms of the weather and pressure. I cannot fault the efforts of NC State, however, in keeping the atmosphere across campus as relatively stress free as possible. This week I've had free ice cream, unlimited access to colouring pages and a full day of waterslides and pizza. Reliving the dreams of my five-year-old former self has been a great way to enjoy my last few days here and I've never felt so calm during exam season before. It definitely makes revising seem a lot less daunting than back in Manchester.
It's also hard to accept that everything is becoming 'the last' of its kind. The last sports event, the last Sunday brunch at Case dining hall, the last time all of us will be living under one roof. But documenting the big, and even small, moments of happiness during the semester remind you how much has been accomplished in such a small period of time.
I recorded videos, took pictures and typed notes throughout the weeks and ended up with a 35-minute video which I screened to my friends. I highly recommend this if you want to re-live the highlights of your study abroad experience. Show friends and family back home what you got up to, rather than reciting your own version of the Queen's Speech at the dinner table.
As soon as the term ends, I am jetting off to New York with my international friends for what will be the start of an all-American road trip. The journey won't end in the USA because we will be travelling to Europe together afterwards for a little while, but then I will be right back at the start. I can't predict how I will react when life at home falls into routine once again. I will probably not be used to having my own bedroom, the grand reintroduction of Maltesers into my life will most likely hurt my teeth soon after and I'll have to prepare for my final year in Manchester.
But I have the comfort and reassurance of knowing that when I go back, I will be the best version of myself. I've learnt so much about my academic strengths (and weaknesses) which will hopefully benefit my studies next year. Living and learning with so many different characters has granted me a sureness of self which I hadn't realised I lacked, and my sense of adventure has been fuelled enough to last me a lifetime.
Thank you to the University of Manchester and NC State.
Thank you to my family and friends back home.
Thank you Student Finance (I'm sorry, we've had some scary moments there).
Thank you to my Alexander family – Peace, love and memes from above, always.
There is an inescapable bubble that absorbs you when you study abroad. Everything is exciting, everything is new – new friends, new classes, new experiences. You quickly adapt to living at three times the speed of real time, where a week goes by in a day and a month is over before you've had time to process yesterday's reading for class. But I'd implore any potential 'go abroad' student to just, if only briefly, think back to that very distant lecture in Manchester that was ominously titled 'It Won't Happen to Me'. I admit, it escaped my memory as soon as my suitcase fell off the baggage claim in RDU airport. However, it's really important to know what your options are if you receive news from back home that temporarily bursts the study abroad bubble.
Last month, I received a text at 3am that reminded me that life at home is not left in a state of perfect paralysis as soon as you leave the country. The death of a loved one hits very hard, regardless of your geographical proximity to them. Being told that I could not statistically make the journey back for the funeral was very painful and frustrating and for the first time since arriving in the States, I felt quite deserted.
Trying to process this news whilst preparing for my first midterm exam that very same day was another challenge in itself. I chose to sit the exam, I had already prepared for it and didn't want it looming ahead in an already hectic university schedule. But I also decided it might be worth contacting the Study Abroad Office back in Manchester. It did feel slightly awkward and somewhat useless (what could anyone do about the situation?) but it actually provided me with protection for my academic standing both at NC State and UOM. It seems an odd thing to consider during such a period of shock, however it helped to alleviate the stress of working and provided me with some mental space to grieve.
With this in mind, I cannot stress enough how crucial it is to consider your mental health, especially as a student. Thankfully my family and friends at home are all available for me to contact whenever I need to. I am also lucky to have superb friends over here in the States who I'm extremely grateful to for looking after me. Going abroad can be stressful, things can go wrong and sometimes we just can't be where we want to be. But being out of my comfort zone has prepared me in many more ways than I imagined. Having global support has bridged the distance between here and home, and I am now aware of having a strong support network wherever I may be in the world.
This blog post is addressed to any student who ever finds themselves getting THAT phone call or text. To anyone who is caught in a national or local emergency, or who is struggling, for a short period or every single day, with mental or physical health. It is so important to have open communication between you and your academic institution. Any stress-inducing situation that hinders your academic capabilities is not just your burden to bear. There are mitigating circumstances, there is support and advice available to you, and you are absolutely not alone.
Whilst everyone else was making New Years Eve plans, I was cruising through an 8 hour 55 minute flight from London Heathrow to Raleigh-Durham International airport. Although the official move in date wasn't until the 3rd January, my dad and I decided to head out to Raleigh on the 30th December to check out my new home for the next term. I was grateful to fly out with someone familiar to settle in for the first few days, especially when an emergency purchase for a new winter coat was needed (cheers Dad).
On that note, a fair warning to future travellers – don't assume that the average weather temperatures will be loyal every year. I don't think I was able to feel my toes for the first three days I was in Raleigh. With record low temperatures hitting the United States this January, I could easily convince myself that I am studying in the Arctic circle.
Nevertheless, my first impression of Raleigh has been superb. Despite the cold, the sun has not stopped shining so far and the warm welcome from North Carolinians has been unrivalled. As I arrived before most of the students, there were lots of opportunities to explore the surrounding area before it got too busy. The city is beautiful to walk around with various historical sites marked out along the streets. The actual downtown area was a lot smaller than I anticipated, but it is quite a nice change from the manic madness of Manchester city centre. Having the time to stroll around meant I was able to spot little details around the city that might otherwise go unnoticed. I thoroughly recommend heading into Downtown Raleigh on New Year's Eve to witness the 'famous' Acorn Drop. Think New York City's 'Times Square Big Ball Drop', but more wholesome. The streets are filled with food stalls, rides and a pop-up wedding chapel (complete with a plastic tiara and veil).
I also managed to accidentally become a food critic. Sampling Southern cuisine became a prime objective before the start of the academic term, with my quest for the finest fried chicken well underway. Thus far, I would highly recommend The Pit Barbecue Restaurant as a mid-range/good quality place to try a range of popular BBQ dishes celebrated in the Southern states. For an infamous American breakfast, the Flying Biscuit Café in Cameron Village (just a 10 minute walk away from NC State main campus) was another great find.
After a few days of gathering dorm-room essentials and navigating my way across NC State's vast and beautiful campus, I eventually moved in to Alexander Hall (the Global Village). I had spoken to my roommate on Facebook for a few weeks leading up to move in day, which made meeting each other significantly less nerve-wracking and a lot easier. Who knew two strangers could bond so quickly over a chicken costume and a box of Cadbury Heroes? Being in halls that are half international, half American has definitely contributed to how much I've loved my time here so far. Everyone wants to socialise with each other, go for group meals between classes and organise trips for long weekends.


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Liverpool FC Stadium
It's Not Just A Card......It's a Pop Up Anfield Stadium. The front of this card features a laser cut Liverpool FC Motif. The card opens to 90 degrees revealing a pop up miniature replica of Liverpool's Anfield Stadium. Like all NJACS cads, this card is precision laser cut from high quality c..
Male Surfer
Mario Pop Up Card
It's Not Just A Card......It's a Pop Up Mario! Looking for the perfect card for that Mario fan (young or old)? I think you've found it! The front of this card features a laser cut Mario motif. Inside, the card opens flat to reveal a diorama style scene from the game with question box decorat..
Hot Pre-Order
It's Not Just A Card......It's a Pop Up Motorbike! This is a wonderfully executed Sliceform style Motorbike Pop Up Card. The card has a motorbike motif laser cut on the front and opens flat. Like all NJACS cards, this card is precision cut from high quality card stock and hand assembled. Ins..
Nemo Clown Fish
Beautiful Laser Cut Nemo Clown Fish pop up card with envelope.This card opens flat. There is no pre-printed message and has space for you to write your own greeting.Perfect for a Children's Birthday or any Nemo/Clown fish fan.The card comes with an appropriately sized envelope.All cards are dispatch..
It's Not Just A Card......It's The Scourge of The Seven Seas! I love the level of detail on this card. A true piece of paper craft, notice the swirl details on the side of the ship! The front of the card has a deceptively simple ship silhouette but the card opens to the best recreation of a ..
Pirate Ship V2
Red Pirate Ship
It's Not Just A Card......It's Captain Redbeards Red Pirate Ship! Note: Redbeards ship is not likely to actually have been red. Taking a closer look at this Pirate Ship Card you can see a pirate sword fight playing out in fine detail. Like all NJACS cards this card is precision cut from high..
Retro Bicycle
It's Not Just A Card......It's a Pop Up Bicycle.The front of this card has a laser cut bicycle wheel inspired motif. The card opens flat to reveal a remarkably intricate laser cut retro style bicycle pop up.Like all NJACS cards, this card has been precision laser cut and assembled by hand.Despite it..


Showcasing the best of packaging innovation and technology in the country, a special exhibit of more than 100 winning packages from this year's Japan Good Packaging Contest and Japan Star 2016 Awards.
Exhibition zone with a theme of packaging for preventing medical malpractice (value-added, functional packaging). Also, laws and regulations and updated information on trends in collaboration with pharmaceutical industry groups and universities.
Package design is one of the most important elements of product marketing. Be amazed by the outstanding graphic and structural designs on display in this pavilion.
A pavilion, including booths of members companies, will be set up utilizing virtual reality. With video of a model logistics center, etc., the scale of equipment and flow of objects can be experienced virtually.
We will display the future packaging chronology along with the packaging history chronology created already by ourselves. We will broadcast a video of the prediction story of the future packaging on the monitor and related technologies (Drone, Robots, and so on).
Demand in mail order packaging has been increasing. In this area, the latest packaging innovations related to mail order and gift packaging will be introduced.


The Cabernet Sauvignon grape variety was the most planted variety in the 20th century in the world and it is today one of the varieties with the highest production. Its vineyards are found in almost every wine region in the world. In Mendoza, for example, the Cabernet Sauvignon grape is usually grown to produce varietal or assemblage wines. There, the Cabernet Sauvignon is mixed with the Malbec, the most common variety in the country. The origin of the Cabernet Sauvignon is located in France, in the Bordeaux region, and dates back to the 17th century. The variety appeared as a result of blending the Cabernet Franc and the Sauvignon Blanc varieties. It is a variety with a very thick skin. It is very resistant to different and changing climate conditions, thus their popularity in the main wine regions in the world. Besides, these wines age in bottle very well, therefore permitting aromas and flavours to appear and granting complexity to the product. The Cabernet Sauvignon produces red full-bodied wines with mint, eucalyptus or green pepper aromas. By means of Argento's blog, The Real Argentina, discover the qualities of this variety, as well as the wines and places where you will be able to enjoy the flavour and aroma that it offers. You can also get to know the Argentine dishes that are better paired with Cabernet Sauvignon wines. Our simple pairing guide recommends combining these wines with filling dishes, such as red seasoned meats, pastas stuffed with sauces, or stews as, for example, the locro –a traditional Argentine dish made of meat and wheat. The Cabernet Sauvignon is, in general, a powerful and structured wine perfect for wintertime. Take advantage of your visit and try it in the province of Mendoza and on the high summits of the Andes mountain range –which are popular destinations in the colder months. The ideal temperature for a Cabernet Sauvignon varietal to be served is 16 degrees.


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Going To Read This
http://www.tcsdaily.com/article.aspx?id=022707A
The Fourth Great Assault on the Anglosphere
By Stephen Bainbridge : 05 Mar 2007
It takes a certain amount of chutzpah to write a book that explicitly picks up where Nobel Prize winner Winston Churchill's famous History of the English-Speaking Peoples left off. In a provocative new book, A History of the English-Speaking Peoples Since 1900 (HarperCollins, 2007), however, British historian Andrew Roberts largely succeeds in pulling off that daring stunt.
Roberts' History is no mere narrative of recent events. Instead, it is an apologia for the proposition that the English-speaking peoples are the last best hope of mankind.
Roberts' focus is the core Anglosphere; i.e., the UK, the USA, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand. During the 20th Century, the Anglosphere faced four great challenges. Three have been successfully seen off, with the Anglosphere triumphant: Prussian Militarism in World War I, Fascism in World War II, and Communism in the Cold War. The fourth assault arrived on 9/11 when the true menace of Islamic terrorism was finally brought home to the cultural and financial center of the modern Anglosphere.
Indeed, just as Churchill's History was intended to rally the Anglosphere in the early days of the struggle against Communism, Roberts' intent self-evidently is to rally the Anglosphere against Islamofascism.
Towards that end, Roberts emphasizes that the Anglosphere succeeds when it stands as one. In the two World Wars and the Cold War, the UK and USA fought side-by-side, with not inconsiderable help from the other Anglosphere nations. In contrast, on those occasions when the Anglosphere was divided against itself - such as Suez and Vietnam - defeat followed.
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The Bounds Copy of J.W. Shepherd's Digest of the Alabama Reports from the 17th to the 29th Volume, N.S. [New Series]. Montgomery: Barrett & Wimbush, Book and Job Printers, 1858.
Our "Preserved in Amber" series of posts seeks to celebrate unique and interesting objects, usually but not always a particular volume. The uniqueness typically comes from one striking feature—such as the correspondence between Hannis Taylor and J.B. Bury, pasted in Bounds' copy of Taylor's Science of Jurisprudence and featured in our October 12, 2016 post. To the law review spader or other casual user, there would be nothing particularly arresting about our Shepherd's Digest. Further investigation, however, reveals a book that is interestingly signed and tantalizingly inscribed. Still more investigation reveals a mysterious blemish—quite unexpected. This latter, to be sure, was a feature that invoked this writer's inner twelve-year-old, who arrived equipped with one of his favorite books.
J.W. Shepherd, author of the Digest, was born in Madison County, Alabama, in 1826. He graduated from Yale College in 1844 and returned home to practice law. By 1851 he was practicing in Montgomery and was tapped as the reporter for the Alabama Supreme Court, a post he would fill (with various interruptions) until the early 1890s. In line with regional publishing practices of the time, Shepherd published his 1858 Digest close to home, with Barrett & Wimbush of Montgomery.
The Bounds copy of the Digest is inscribed with three names on the front pastedown leaf. The first, written in red pencil, is that of R.W. Walker. This signature could well be that of Richard Wilde Walker, who in 1859 would be appointed to fill a vacancy on the Alabama Supreme Court. Walker would go on to serve in the Confederate Provisional Congress and (1863-1865) in the Confederate Senate. In 1859, Walker sold the Digest to one Thomas Alan Jones, according to an inscription in Jones' handwriting. At some point thereafter, Jones "presented" the Digest to James Irvine, quite likely the James Irvine who would represent Lauderdale County in the Alabama constitutional convention of 1865.
The first indication that the Walker-Jones-Irvine Digest contains anything unusual can be found on the verso of the rear free flyleaf. There can be seen the remains of an inscription in pencil, almost wholly erased but beginning with the words "Preposterous Monstrosity" and ending with the words "to take it back." It is written, apparently, in Walker's hand; and its erasure probably represents nothing more than a courtesy from one owner to the next. Or was there something written that Walker or one of the book's other owners didn't want anyone to read? Unless we can stage a highly specific question-and-answer séance, we'll probably never know.
Moving toward an examination of the exterior text block, we see more proof that every printed book—mass-produced or otherwise—can become a unique object in the hands of its readers. Part of this Digest's individuality is inked on the fore-edge of the text block in the form of a handy index. The categories are broad, certain to have been applicable to the practice of the period: Criminal, Probate, Chancery and Civil. Each of these words was accompanied by an arrow marking its extent in the text, and also by a number from 1 (opposite Criminal) to 4 (opposite Civil). The intent—purely practical—is far removed from that of fore-edge artists who have decorated books with symbolic, heraldic, or decorative images.
Proceeding to the actual text of the Digest, we see that one reader (at least) has resorted to marking places with often rather emphatic dog-ears. These dog-ears are placed on or opposite to pages containing the following topics: Constitutional Law (p. 30); Court and Jury (p. 37); Pleading (p. 95); Statute of Limitations (p. 197); Assumpsit (p. 403); Evidence (pp. 626-627); and Execution (p. 630).Someone, in addition, drew (in ink) brackets around three sections of "The Trial of the Right of Property" (p. 761). Aside from these indications of research interests, there are few ordinary alterations to this copy of the Digest; but the dog-ears and marks suggest that its owners pursued the ordinary practice of law.
We encounter a much less ordinary set of marks beginning on p. 417. What presents itself, in the middle of §50 of the article on Attachment is a virtually circular mark 1.5 centimeters in diameter. It is a consistent dark brown in color; it has moved through the paper to produce an identical mark on p. 418. Each of these marks has stained its facing page (pp. 416, 419). The look of these dark marks suggests that they were burned—burned with considerable care, possibly by means of a fair-sized lit cigar. For all the world, they look strangely familiar, like something that resonates in memory.
After a few days' thought and very little (to be honest) further research, I am forced to admit that it is unlikely that our Digest ever fell into the hands of pirates, or even lawyers' children pretending to be pirates. For one thing, its spot[s] do not conform to the rules laid down in Treasure Island. Pirates of that book's Caribbean cut their black spots out of books, leaving one side unscorched. The unscorched side was supposed to be blank, so the pirates could write on it some cryptic sentence of doom. The Walker-Jones-Irvine spot, on the contrary, is burned on both sides, and there is no evidence that anyone ever took a knife to the volume.
Moreover, the black spot made by firelight in Treasure Island (see above) still carried s few words of text—a spookily burned fragment of the Book of Revelations, namely: "Without are dogs and . . . murderers."  The Bounds Digest also boasts darkened texts surrounding its double spot, but the texts are all about regulations for the attachment of property. One, for example, commences: "When a garnishee, against whom a judgm[ent has] been rendered by a justice [of the pea]ce, removes the case to the [unintelligible] [c]ourt . . ." To be sure, this passage once provided a revealing look into legal maneuvers that preceded the carting away of one's possessions; but it is a bit lacking in dramatic pep.
Finally, there are doubts concerning whether pirates ever used black spots at all. Perhaps, after all, it is better to argue that the Digest's black spot[s] were caused by the carelessness of a smoker, piratical or otherwise, who thought he was putting his cigar down into an ashtray.
 Brewer, Alabama, Her History, 355-356.
 Owen, History of Alabama and Dictionary of Alabama Biography, III: 885.
 See Roy Stokes, A Bibliographical Companion (Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press, 1989), 117-118.
 An alternate theory is that the spots were formed by the application of ink. This seems less likely because the marks on pp. 417-418 are each enclosed by a little halo of what appears to be scorched paper. And ink, unless applied by a deft hand, would quite possibly not have been so neat.
 Robert Louis Stevenson, Treasure Island (1883; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University press, 2013), 22, 238.
 The latter possibility is still open to speculation, of course.
This post features a "Lifetime" voter-registration certificate recently discovered in a local antiques mall. It is an attractive and oddly cheerful bit of ephemera from a tragic era in Alabama history–the time of mass disfranchisement by means of the state's 1901 constitution. Pondering the significance of the certificate, only slightly larger than a 19th-century dollar bill, led to the following thoughts.
In the late 1890s, after overcoming serious challenges to their power, Alabama Democratic politicians decided to take decisive action. They had used various illegal tactics—chiefly ballot-box stuffing—to defeat "fusionist" coalitions of agrarians, Populists, and Republicans. They had won the elections; they remained in power. But in the process their exercise of power had lost any claim to a basis in morality. In order to prevent future challenges (and to shield themselves from the temptation to cheat), they decided to follow a plan first carried out in Mississippi in 1890 and since perfected in other southern states. The plan's chief feature was the adoption of a new constitution, one whose voter registration provisions would disfranchise large numbers of citizens. African American voters were the primary targets; but significant numbers of hill country white voters were likewise vulnerable. The Democrats justified disfranchisement on the grounds that it would "purify" politics by eliminating unworthy voters—surely one of our most striking examples of blaming the victims. If any further excuse were needed, the Democrats, especially the "Bourbons" of Alabama's Black Belt counties, claimed that a new constitution would maintain "White Supremacy." This last argument, it should be noted, was exactly how they had justified ballot box stuffing. After one or two false starts, the disfranchisers engineered a constitutional convention to meet in Montgomery in the late summer of 1901.
The disfranchisers didn't shy away from making their chief motives crystal-clear. Consider the following quotes taken from convention president John B. Knox's opening address.
The Democratic majority at the 1901 convention proceeded to adopt two voter registration plans, a "temporary plan" in effect through December 20, 1902, and a "permanent" plan to be used from January 1903 on.
Under the Temporary Plan, registration was to be carried out by three-man county boards of registrars, each to be chosen by the governor, acting with the commissioner of agriculture and the state auditor (Art. 8, §186).
See the image of one such certificate, issued to D. Pierson, of Reform Beat, Pickens County, on May 6, 1902.
–be the owner of 40 acres of land or other property valued at $300 or more, on which the taxes have been paid (with exemptions for men whose wives meet the property requirement).
Under Art. 8, §183, no person could vote in a primary election without being officially registered to vote.
The ratification election for the 1901 Constitution was held on November 11, 1901. The official vote was 108,613 (in favor) to 81,734 (against).
Twelve Black Belt counties voted in favor of the constitution by a vote of 36,224 to 5,471. The "vote in the other fifty-four counties of the state was 76,263 against to 72,389 for the constitution." See Malcolm C. McMillan, Constitutional Development in Alabama (Chapel Hill, NC: James Sprunt Studies, 1955), 350. McMillan also notes a report (Mobile Register, November 13, 1901) that the Black Belt counties were slow in reporting their votes—an old tactic by which Black Belt political bosses could determine how many votes they "needed" to count. Thus on the face of the official returns, we are expected to believe that a considerable majority of African American voters voted to disfranchise themselves.
In the years following adoption, African American voting almost vanished and white voting declined. The late Sheldon Hackney calculated that 35 per cent of potential white voters were "disfranchised by the poll tax alone." He concluded ironically that "The convention had done its job well." See Hackney, Populism to Progressivism in Alabama (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1969), 208.
Glenn Feldman, The Disfranchisement Myth: Poor Whites and Suffrage Restriction in Alabama (Athens, Georgia: University of Georgia Press, 2004).
R. Volney Riser, Defying Disfranchisement: Black Voting Rights Activism in the Jim Crow South, 1890-1908 (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2010).
William Warren Rogers, The One-Gallused Rebellion: Agrarianism in Alabama, 1865-1896 (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1970; subsequent edition, University of Alabama Press, 2001).
William Warren Rogers, et al., Alabama: The History of a Deep South State (Tuscaloosa, University of Alabama Press, 1994; subsequent edition, 2010).
Bailey Thomson, ed., A Century of Controversy: Constitutional Reform in Alabama (Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 2002).
Samuel Webb, Two-Party Politics in the One-Party South: Alabama's Hill Country, 1874-1920 (Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 1997).
For the next offering in our series titled "Preserved in Amber," we feature a post by U.A. law student Hudson Cheshire on our Hannis Taylor collection. This collection consists of a copy of Taylor's 1908 treatise The Science of Jurisprudence with two of his letters affixed to the endsheets. The letters are addressed to Cambridge history professor J.B. Bury. They seem blatantly self-promotional, but Cheshire demonstrates that they are also poignant and suggestive documents—items that transform this copy of a long-forgotten book into a unique archival object. Taylor (1851-1922) was a politician, lawyer, and prolific author associated with Mobile and Washington, D.C. We at Litera Scripta have long regarded him as an interesting and collectible writer (the subject, also, of a well-constructed biography).
In any physical book there are multiple stories at work.
Of course, there is the text itself: the words and sentences and paragraphs through which the author communicates his ideas. But in addition to the text, the history surrounding the text also tells a story. One might think of Harper Lee's childhood in conjunction with her novel, To Kill a Mockingbird. But every text is also influenced by other texts. Doubtless, Go Set a Watchman changed the way most readers see the stoic, justice-seeking attorney, Atticus Finch. Finally, the physical object of a book also tells a story: with time, any physical book may be dog-eared, annotated, or otherwise marked by its readers. Through these physical traces we are given glimpses of another story still. Perhaps the greatest allure of opening an old book is the chance to observe all of these different stories as they intersect and intertwine.
The subject of this blog post is a 108-year-old copy of a little-known book: The Science of Jurisprudence, by Hannis Taylor. The book is noteworthy in its own right as the work of a once important Alabama resident advancing a unique theory about American history. The library's particular copy of the book is interesting for what are pasted onto its end sheets: two shamelessly self-promotional letters from the author to a professor overseas. Perhaps the most interesting aspect of the collection, however, is what happened only months after the letters were penned.
To say the least, there are many different stories buried in this particular old book. Perhaps the best place to begin is with the book's author: Hannis Taylor. Though nearly forgotten in contemporary scholarship, Taylor was an important figure in his own time, not only for his published writings, but also for his influence as both a lawyer and political figure.
This post represents the second installment in a new category that we hope will be an occasional feature of our blog. Posts in this category will feature materials that are unique in some way, perhaps through ownership, creative attachment or insertion of documents, or other unusual items. Our previous post, "Next to His Bible": John Randolph Griffin's copy of the Louisiana Civil Code was the inspiration for this category that we have titled, Preserved in Amber. Our current post features an interesting small collection that is described by Hudson Cheshire, a 2017 J.D. candidate at the University of Alabama School of Law.
The topic of this post is a recently acquired collection that offers a glimpse into the life of a small town politician in early 20th century Alabama. The collection includes a copy of Alabama Reports Volume XXVII (the Alabama Supreme Court cases argued in the June term of 1855), and three documents that were laid within its pages. Two of the documents are laundry receipts for one Samuel Blackwell. The third is a notice for a series of events where Blackwell would be speaking in his 1898 campaign for Congress.
Samuel Blackwell, the subject of the laundry receipts and political flyer, lived from 1848 to 1918 and is buried in the Decatur City Cemetery. While history has relegated Blackwell to obscurity, the sparse documents that remain suggest a man of relative political success in his place and time.
Blackwell began his career in public service early, enlisting in the Confederate Army at fourteen years old. By his fifteenth birthday, he was a prisoner of war in Camp Douglass, a large Union prisoner camp in Chicago. Years later, as the Morgan County delegate for the Constitutional Convention of 1901, Blackwell recounted a comrade's sardonic description of the conditions at Camp Douglass: "We slept until after breakfast, skipped dinner, and went to bed before supper." [Journal of the Proceedings of the Constitutional Convention of the State of Alabama, 1901, 3025].
A document from 1903 indicates that Blackwell served at least one term as mayor of New Decatur in the early twentieth century and in the 1910-1912 Biennial Report of the Attorney General of Alabama, Samuel Blackwell is listed as the Solicitor for the Morgan County Law and Equity Court. Perhaps the only lasting glimpse into Blackwell's perspective comes from his words at the 1901 Constitutional Convention, preserved in the Official Proceedings. Describing the Convention's atmosphere of pessimism regarding the voting capacity of the general population, historian Sheldon Hackney quotes Blackwell saying, "nature has marked the weak and incompetent to be protected by Government, rather than to be the directors of the Government." [Populism to Progressivism in Alabama, 196].
Had Blackwell been successful in his 1898 campaign for Congress, he would have been better remembered in Alabama history. Nevertheless, available records merit the assumption that Blackwell was an influential political figure at the turn of the century, if only in his own small corner of the world.


Strawberry Cheesecake Cookie Tarts | Dizzy Busy and Hungry!
Just a note: This recipe originally appeared as a monthly contributor post on Memories by the Mile. I have now posted the recipe here as well for archiving purposes. My original teaser post is below and the recipe is underneath it. Make sure you check out Memories by the Mile, too; Wanda Ann has a ton of great recipes!
Today I am posting over at Wanda Ann's blog, Memories By The Mile. You will find me there the 2nd Thursday of the month!
This month I have shared a recipe for Strawberry Cheesecake Cookie Tarts. Just in time for Valentine's Day, you will fall in love with these cute little edible bowls filled with a strawberry cheesecake-like cream and topped with an adorable chocolate/strawberry swirl candy heart!
You will fall in love with these cute little edible bowls filled with a strawberry cheesecake-like cream and topped with an adorable chocolate/strawberry swirl candy heart!
Lightly spray 12 muffin cups with nonstick baking spray.
Divide cookie dough into 12 portions. Press each portion into a muffin cup, flattening it on the bottom and about 3/4 of the way up the sides of the cup.
Bake for about 14-15 minutes until golden brown on the edges. Do not under-bake, or the cups will not stay together when you remove them from the muffin tin.
Meanwhile, place the cream cheese in a bowl and mix with a hand mixer on high for about a minute. Add the strawberry extract and mix until thoroughly combined.
Melt the white chocolate chips in the microwave on 50% power. Start with 1 minute, then stir, then microwave for an additional 15-30 seconds at a time until completely melted and smooth.
Add the white chocolate to the cream cheese and mix until combined.
When the cookie cups are completely cooled, carefully remove them from the muffin tin.
Spoon in the cream cheese mixture, garnish with sprinkles and a chocolate heart and serve.
I love cheesecake, so I already love these. Thanks for sharing your Valentine's Day recipe on MM. Pinned.
Wow, cool! Thanks so much, Jenny!
I love your cookies cups, there are so ma ways these could be used, even with a surprise inside. The video is great to show how easy they are to make. Thank you for sharing on Friday Features party this week! Hope you will stop by again soon! Have a great weekend!
Not gonna lie, I love that this recipe using cookie dough! Work smarter, not harder. This is one of my Features for the Merry Monday party coming Sunday. I'm featuring Homemade Valentine's Desserts!
Those look so delicious! I just love cheesecake! Pinned.
Thank you so much for sharing, my kiddos will love these!
This certainly is a stunner, and just when I got rid of my muffin pans because I had no use for them.
I know what you mean, I almost never make muffins or cupcakes, either. It is good to remove things you don't use though, so hooray for you for decluttering! 🙂 Thanks for stopping by!
They're so cute and pretty!
Your Cookie Tarts look delicious! I really appreciate you sharing with us at Full Plate Thursday, hope you have a great day and hope to see you again soon!
I am in love with these cute little tarts! Perfect for Valentine's Day celebration! Thanks for sharing it here at FF!
These look SOOO good. I like that you used cookie dough for the base. Thanks for sharing these at the Home Matters Party…hope to see you there again next week!
These are so cute. Thanks for sharing with us at Family Joy Blog Link Up Party this week.
Sounds great! Thanks for sharing at the What's for Dinner link party.


Autumn has to be our favourite season in the fashion stakes; comfy knits, oversized coats and getting back into our tights, what's not to like right? The fashion world showcased some fabulous upcoming trends for the season this summer and all our favourites have filtered their way into the big high street stores. To keep your autumn on fleek, here's our bite sized guide to what to wear to see you looking good from the first drop of autumnal leaves right into the depths of icy winter, all available to shop at Fforestfach Retail Parc.
Shine on with the boldest metallics for the party season. Golds, silvers and bronzes are all equally covetable and cowl necks or pleats give you extra fashion brownie points!
Definitely the hottest colour of the reason, fashion stores are awash with reds from eye popping postbox to sophisticated burgundy. A red coat is definitely the must have item for an instant wardrobe update, but trousers or a chunky knit also tick all the style boxes!
Florals were big this summer and they're not going away just because the temperatures have dropped. However, to transition to the new season they're taking a subtler more vintage inspired edge with muted colours and 70's inspired designs.
The catwalks were full of frills, applique and soft textures and this detailing can be seen in evidence across the high street and we're majorly crushing on it. Make sure your knitwear has a bit of added pizazz to stand out from the crowd!
Bold checks are giving workwear a sharp new look this season with trousers and structured jackets being the key covetable items. Try cropped trousers teamed with boots and jacket for an autumn work look that's guaranteed to have everyone checking you out!


text:
Users skeptical as Microsoft denies claims of Xbox Live hacks
SC Staff March 24, 2007
Despite claims of Microsoft Xbox Live user account fraud, Redmond executives this week denied any major security breaches in its multiplayer gaming system.
"Despite some recent reports and speculation, I want to reassure all of our six million Xbox Live members that we have looked into the situation and found no evidence of any compromise of the security of the Xbox Live Network or Bungie.net," Xbox Live's Director of Programming Larry Hyrb wrote on his blog.
Hyrb said the reported thefts of personal information are a result of users giving it away, not through the social engineering technique of pretexting, as some users have suggested in community forums.
"There have been a few isolated incidents where malicious users have been attempting to draw personal information from unsuspecting users and use it to gain access to their LIVE account," he said. "This is a good time to remind our members that they should never give out any of their personal information."
But security researcher Kevin Finisterre, the man responsible for January's Month of Apple bugs, said Microsoft is unfairly shifting the blame on users. He said that Microsoft account representatives with whom he spoke reported that this was a problem they had recently encountered on a more frequent basis.
"I had one of them tell me that they had three different people complain about this on that day," he told SCMagazine.com.
Through additional online research, he also found about 60 similiar complaints, in addition to an illicit website, now disabled, that was supposedly run by "Clan Infamous," a group of individuals who claimed they had found a way to steal accounts.
Finisterre said he also made a recording with a Microsoft customer service representative who gave Finisterre personal information about an individual he didn't know.
Click here to email West Coast Bureau Chief Ericka Chickowski.


text:
The Charismatic Politics of Social Media
PHOTO ILLUSTRATION: TABLET MAGAZINE
This essay was originally published by Tablet Magazine on 21st April 2021.
In the wake of Donald Trump's presidency, the tone of politics has become much quieter, and not just in the United States. It's amazing how much room this man's personality took up in the public conversation. But we should remember that what silenced Trump was not losing an election in November 2020. It was being kicked off social media after his supporters stormed the Capitol on Jan. 6.
The decision to take away Trump's megaphone was the natural outcome of a phenomenon that emerged around 2015, when politics was transformed by a new type of charismatic leader, unique to our own era, who emerged from a culture increasingly centered around social media platforms like Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and YouTube. But Trump is just one example, albeit a dramatic one. On the left there is also Sen. Bernie Sanders and Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, as well as Jeremy Corbyn, the former leader of the Opposition in the United Kingdom. There is the teenage climate activist Greta Thunberg and the cult philosopher Jordan Peterson. These men and women "went viral," their individual charisma spread by a new, decentralized media system, and they galvanized movements that defined themselves as fighting against the established order.
Some of these figures' time in the limelight is already over. But others will take their place, because the forces that gave rise to them are still here. To understand their appeal, we only have to turn to the influential German sociologist of the early 20th century, Max Weber. It was Weber who popularized "charisma" as a political term. And it is Weber's concept of charismatic leadership that seems more relevant now than ever before.
Born 157 years ago tomorrow, Weber lived at a time when Western societies, and Germany especially, were being transformed by industrialization at a frantic pace. The central aim of his work was to understand how modern societies evolved and functioned in contrast to those of the past. Hailed as a brilliant young intellectual, Weber suffered a nervous breakdown around the turn of the 20th century, and subsequently produced a gloomy account of the modern world that was to be his greatest legacy. In The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, published in 1905, he argued that the foundation of modernity was an ultrarational approach to organizing our lives and institutions, especially in pursuit of profit—a culture he compared to an "iron cage."
It is against this backdrop that we find Weber's most famous ideas about charismatic leadership. There was, he observed, a weak point in the iron cage of rationality. The modern principle that the right to govern comes from the people created an opening for charismatic politicians to gain immense power by winning the adoration of the masses. In his influential 1919 lecture Politics as a Vocation, Weber suggested the best example of this was the 19th-century British politician William Gladstone. But after Weber's death in 1920, his theory of charismatic leadership achieved new renown, as it seemed to predict the dictatorships of Mussolini, Hitler, and Stalin.
A century later, Weber's vision of "dictatorship resting on the exploitation of mass emotionality" fits nicely into the current moment, and may even have fed the reflexive portrayal of Trump as some sort of proto-fascist ruler. But in fact, this understanding of political charisma as purely a tool of modern demagogues is a misreading of Weber's ideas.
Weber believed that charismatic individuals shape the politics of every era. A charismatic leader, he wrote in the posthumously published Economy and Society, has "a certain quality of an individual personality, by virtue of which he is set apart from ordinary men and treated as endowed with supernatural, superhuman, or at least specifically exceptional powers or qualities." For Weber, the crucial element is to understand that charisma has a social function. He didn't see charisma merely as a character trait belonging solely to the leader. He saw the desire to follow charismatic individuals as a necessary ingredient that binds groups of people together. Hence, when he laid out the three forms of authority that organize all societies, he included "charismatic authority" alongside legal structures and tradition.
What's more, this mutually binding power of charisma doesn't only sustain societies, according to Weber—it also transforms them. He actually thought the purest example of charismatic authority came from religious movements led by prophets, of the kind that shaped the history of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. Here Weber describes charisma as a "revolutionary force," because of the way prophets unite their followers with a sense of confidence and conviction that can shatter existing structures of authority. Charisma is like a spark that ignites sweeping social and cultural change.
This is the Weberian insight that opens the door to understanding the charismatic leaders of our own time. To grasp what makes an individual charismatic, we shouldn't just focus on their personality: We should look at the people who are brought together by their mutual recognition of a leader.
Today, the social basis for much political ideology and activism comes from online subcultures, where people develop common worldviews based on spontaneous and widely shared feelings, like the sense of being betrayed by corrupt elites. It is from these virtual communities that political movements emerge, often by discovering and adopting a charismatic figure that galvanizes them. Through the rapid circulation of video clips and social media posts, an individual can be turned into a leader almost overnight.
What is remarkable about this paradigm is how much the standard relationship between leaders and followers has been reversed: These new movements are not created by their leaders, even though the leaders may command tremendous devotion. The followers "choose" their leader. The movements exist first in an unrealized form, and conjure up leaders that allow them to fully manifest and mobilize themselves.
Weber spoke of charisma being "recognized," emphasizing the way leaders inspire their followers with a sense of purpose or spiritual "calling." People gravitate toward individuals who give them a language to express their shared feelings and an example to follow. But what matters most is that, through this collective recognition of a figurehead, the followers cement their own social bond.
When we look at the charismatic leaders who have emerged in recent years, we don't in fact see authoritarian figures who control their movements and bend their followers to their own distinct political visions. What we see are leaders who rise suddenly and unexpectedly, and whose actual beliefs are less important than their ability to embody the emotions that unite their devotees. Today it is the leaders who are shaped by the attitudes of their movements rather than the other way around.
Thus, Trump's followers were never all that interested in how effectively he turned campaign slogans into reality. What held the MAGA movement together was not the content of Trump's rather inconsistent and half-hearted declarations about policy, but the irreverent drama of rebellion that he enacted through the political theater of his rallies and Twitter posts. His leadership gave birth to intense internet communities, where diehard supporters cooked up their own narratives about his struggle against the establishment.
The point isn't that Trump had no real power over his followers, which of course he did. The point is that his power depended on—and was limited to—the role of culture war icon that his movement created for him. Trump was effective in this role because he had no apparent strategy apart from giving his audience what it wanted, whether photo-ops brandishing a Bible, or nods and winks at online conspiracy theories.
Likewise, Sanders and Corbyn were both old men who unexpectedly found themselves riding tidal waves of youthful support. But their sudden rise from relative obscurity led to some awkward moments when some of their more strongly held views did not align with the wishes of their followers. Sanders' campaign for president changed significantly from 2016 to 2020, as the mass movement that chose him as its leader molded him into a champion of their immigration preferences, which he had previously opposed. Similarly, in his time as leader of the British Labour Party from 2015 to 2020, Corbyn had to abandon his lifelong opposition to the European Union because he was now leading a movement that cherished EU membership as one of its core values.
Finally, consider two cases from outside the realm of official politics. Greta Thunberg is treated as a modern saint who has inspired millions to march through the world's cities demanding action against climate change. But Thunberg's enormous presence in the environmental movement is not matched by a unique philosophy or any organizational power. She went viral on social media during her 2018 strike outside the Swedish parliament, and her fame now rests on being invited by political and religious leaders to shout at them on camera about how her generation has been betrayed. "I understand that people are impressed by this movement," Thunberg told the Times in 2019, "and I am also very impressed with the young people, but I haven't really done anything. I have just sat down."
Then there's Canadian psychologist Jordan Peterson. Thanks to a few viral videos about free speech in 2016 and a series of controversial media engagements thereafter, Peterson went from teaching Christological interpretations of Disney films to being hailed as the messiah of the anti-woke movement. Peterson has continually stressed that he's interested in psychology, not politics, yet what followers find captivating are his filmed broadsides against social justice ideology, which have been viewed millions of times on YouTube.
All these figures have been imbued with a certain magical status, which deepens the shared identity of their followers. Movements have gathered around them as totems embodying a fight against injustice and a spirit of revolt. Consequently, they command strong emotional attachments, though their followers are only interested in them insofar as they stay within the limits of the movement they were chosen to lead. The power of their charisma depends, therefore, on conforming to parameters set by the imagination of their followers.
Obviously, individual personality is not irrelevant here. Charismatic figures are generally regarded as authentic, based on the perception that they are not trying to meet social expectations or simply advance their careers. Seen in this way, it makes sense that a generation accustomed to the shifting trends and constant self-promotion of social media would warm to old-timers like Sanders and Corbyn, who had been stoically banging the same drum for decades.
Interestingly, both Trump and Thunberg have often had their personalities pathologized by critics: Trump on account of his "narcissistic personality disorder," Thunberg on account of her autism and single-minded commitment to her cause. But supporters see these same qualities as refreshingly direct. This kind of appeal is necessary for leaders who want to offer their followers the personal "calling" which Weber saw as key to charisma. No one is inspired to take on the establishment by people who look and sound like they belong to it.
Nonetheless, following Weber's lead, we don't need to think about charisma as something that's simply inherent to these influential personalities. In the sudden explosion of hype surrounding certain figures on social media, we see how the conviction that an individual is special can be created through collective affirmation. This is the virtual equivalent of the electrifying rallies and demonstrations where followers have gathered to see figures like Trump, Corbyn, and Thunberg: The energy is focused on the leader, but it comes from the crowd.
So what does all this tell us about the future of the new charismatic movement politics? Weber insisted that to exercise real power, charismatic authority cannot keep relying on the spiritual calling of committed followers. It must establish its own structures of bureaucracy and tradition. According to Weber, this is how prophetic religious movements of the past created lasting regimes.
But the way that today's charismatic leaders are chosen for their expressive qualities means they usually aren't suited to consolidating power in this way. There is a remarkable contrast between the sweeping legislative program being enacted by the uncharismatic Biden presidency and Trump's failure to deliver on most of his signature proposals.
This does not mean that the movements inspired by charismatic figures are irrelevant—far from it. They will continue to influence politics by reshaping the social and cultural context in which it unfolds. In fact, the potential for these movements is all the more dramatic because, as recent years have shown, they can appear almost out of thin air. We do not know who the next charismatic leaders will be until after they have been chosen.


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Mini-Organ Would Mimic Pancreas to Treat Type 1 Diabetes
Bioengineered implant could house transplanted insulin-producing cells, researchers say.
By Serena Gordon, HealthDay News
Healthy Travel With Diabetes
Sign Up for Our Living with Diabetes Newsletter
TUESDAY, March 5, 2013 (HealthDay News) — A new bioengineered, miniature organ dubbed the BioHub might one day offer people with type 1 diabetes freedom from their disease.
In its final stages, the BioHub would mimic a pancreas and act as a home for transplanted islet cells, providing them with oxygen until they could establish their own blood supply. Islet cells contain beta cells, which are the cells that produce the hormone insulin. Insulin helps the body metabolize the carbohydrates found in foods so they can be used as fuel for the body's cells.
The BioHub also would provide suppression of the immune system that would be confined to the area around the islet cells, or it's possible each islet cell might be encapsulated to protect it against the autoimmune attack that causes type 1 diabetes.
The first step, however, is to load islet cells into the BioHub and transplant it into an area of the abdomen known as the omentum. These trials are expected to begin within the next year or year and a half, said Dr. Luca Inverardi, deputy director of translational research at the Diabetes Research Institute at the University of Miami, where the BioHub is being developed.
Dr. Camillo Ricordi, the director of the institute, said the project is very exciting. "We're assembling all the pieces of the puzzle to replace the pancreas," he said.
"Initially, we have to go in stages, and clinically test the components of the BioHub," he said. "The first step is to test the scaffold assembly that will work like a regular islet cell transplant."
The Diabetes Research Institute already successfully treats type 1 diabetes with islet cell transplants into the liver.
In type 1 diabetes, an autoimmune disease, the body's immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the beta cells contained within islet cells. This means someone with type 1 diabetes can no longer produce the insulin they need to get sugar (glucose) to the body's cells, so they must replace the lost insulin. This can be done only through multiple daily injections or with an insulin pump via a tiny tube inserted under the skin and changed every few days.
Although islet cell transplantation has been very successful in treating type 1 diabetes, the underlying autoimmune condition is still there. Because transplanted cells come from cadaver donors, people who have islet cell transplants must take immune-suppressing drugs to prevent rejection of the new cells. This puts people at risk of developing complications from the medication, and, over time, the immune system destroys the new islet cells.
Because of these issues, islet cell transplantation is generally reserved for people whose diabetes is very difficult to control or who no longer have an awareness of potentially dangerous low blood-sugar levels.
Julia Greenstein, vice president of Cure Therapies for JDRF (formerly the Juvenile Diabetes Research Institute), said the risks of islet cell transplantation currently outweigh the benefits for healthy people with type 1 diabetes.
That's where the BioHub comes in.
"The BioHub is like a nest that the islet cells will sit in and be protected and cared for," Inverardi said. "It's a transparent, flat structure about the size of a quarter. It's shaped so you can put the islet cells in it, and it's porous to allow [the islets to develop a new blood supply]."
The device is made of a silicone compound that's already in use for other medical conditions. "The BioHub is ... like an open frame, with about 95 percent air. The design keeps the islets from clumping together," said Ricordi, who added that this would likely translate to a need for fewer islet cells. And, he said, the design allows the researchers to add new components as they're developed and approved.
In the future, the BioHub might be in an even more natural container, such as a tied-off vein that would create a sac to hold the islet cells, Ricordi said. The advantage of a vein is that the blood supply is already there.
Initially, the researchers will implant the BioHub in the omental pouch, an area in the lining of the abdominal cavity that connects the stomach to other abdominal organs. Once there, the BioHub would sense changing blood-sugar levels and would release insulin when needed.
Inverardi said one of the biggest advantages to the BioHub is that researchers will easily be able to find the best site to transplant islet cells, because if a site doesn't work well, the device can be easily retrieved.
Inverardi and Ricordi both expect this phase to go well, and expect the BioHub with the transplanted islets to begin producing insulin.
Eventually, the researchers hope to develop and test immune suppression that is only in the area of the islet cells, instead of affecting the whole body. One possible way to accomplish this, Inverardi said, is to encapsulate the islet cells in a material that allows the cells to breathe and exchange insulin, but will repel any immune attack. At this point, there is no timeline scheduled for clinical trials of this portion of the BioHub.
The researchers also hope to find alternative sources for islet cells to use in the BioHub. Possible avenues of research include living, related donors; islet cells from pigs; and stem-cell-produced islets.
"We're excited about this research," Greenstein said. "This is an incremental step that indicates progress, but, until we get rid of the need for chronic immunosuppression, the use is limited to those with severe [low blood sugar] unawareness."
Copyright @ 2017 HealthDay. All rights reserved.
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