text:
A Systematic Review of Observational Studies comparing Direct Oral Anticoagulants with Vitamin K Antagonists for Stroke Prevention in Older People with Atrial Fibrillation
Anneka Mitchell, Magaret C. Watson, Tomas Welsh, Anita McGrogan
Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology
Centre for Therapeutic Innovation
EPSRC Centre for Doctoral Training in Statistical Applied Mathematics (SAMBa)
Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) were introduced in 2009 as an alternative to warfarin. Randomised controlled trials found direct oral anticoagulants to be as safe and effective as warfarin for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation (AF). However, older people were underrepresented in these studies and there is uncertainty as to which treatment offers the best risk/benefit ratio1,2. The aim of this systematic review was to compare the effectiveness and safety of DOACs to vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) in people ≥75 years with AF when treated in routine clinical practice.
Studies were included in the systematic review if they used an observational study design, compared a DOAC to a VKA and presented data for an outcome of interest in participants ≥75 years old with AF. An exhaustive search was undertaken: Medline, EMBASE, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched from 01.01.09 to 03.01.18. Pharmaceutical companies were contacted to request unpublished data; reference lists were screened; foreign language articles were translated. Abstracts, editorials and letters were excluded as they did not include sufficient methodology information. The Newcastle‐Ottawa scale was used to assess studies for risk of bias. The study protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42018081696). Ethical approval is not required for reviews.
Database searches returned 12,330 original articles. Articles were screened for inclusion and 23 studies were included in the review. The majority (n = 11) of studies were conducted in the USA and Canada, Asia (n = 6), Europe (n = 5), and New Zealand (n = 1). No studies were identified from the UK. The most studied DOAC was dabigatran (n = 21), followed by rivaroxaban (n = 12) and apixaban (n = 7). Generally, the included studies were rated highly with over half scoring 7 or above. Seven studies scored 6, one study scored 5 and three studies scored 4 or below.
Effectiveness and safety outcomes:
Ischaemic stroke: The majority of studies (6/9) found no significant difference between DOACs and VKAs, two found a decreased risk and one an increased risk with DOACs.
Major bleeding: Most studies (8/12) found no significant difference between the groups, three found a decreased risk and one an increased risk with DOACs.
Intracranial haemorrhage: Six studies reported that DOACs significantly decreased the risk, whereas five studies reported no significant difference.
Gastrointestinal bleeding: Seven studies reported an increased risk with DOACs and two found no significant difference.
This review found no difference in effectiveness between DOACs and VKAs but variable safety outcomes in those aged ≥75. However, the findings were limited by the low numbers of older people in the included studies and the low quality scores of those involving only the over 75s. The strength of this study was the broad search strategy; the main limitation was the reliance on published results as access to individual participant data was not available. The majority of studies did not report event rates so effect sizes could not be recalculated. This review has highlighted the need for high quality research investigating the comparative safety and effectiveness of DOACs in older people. It supports further work to examine this question.
Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology
10.1111/jphp.13062
Published - 3 Feb 2019
Royal Pharmaceutical Society Science and Research Summit - London
Duration: 8 Feb 2019 → 8 Feb 2019
Mitchell, A., Watson, M. C., Welsh, T., & McGrogan, A. (2019). A Systematic Review of Observational Studies comparing Direct Oral Anticoagulants with Vitamin K Antagonists for Stroke Prevention in Older People with Atrial Fibrillation. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 71(S1), 6-7. [S2]. https://doi.org/10.1111/jphp.13062
A Systematic Review of Observational Studies comparing Direct Oral Anticoagulants with Vitamin K Antagonists for Stroke Prevention in Older People with Atrial Fibrillation. / Mitchell, Anneka; Watson, Magaret C.; Welsh, Tomas; McGrogan, Anita.
In: Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Vol. 71, No. S1, S2, 03.02.2019, p. 6-7.
Mitchell, A, Watson, MC, Welsh, T & McGrogan, A 2019, 'A Systematic Review of Observational Studies comparing Direct Oral Anticoagulants with Vitamin K Antagonists for Stroke Prevention in Older People with Atrial Fibrillation', Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, vol. 71, no. S1, S2, pp. 6-7. https://doi.org/10.1111/jphp.13062
Mitchell A, Watson MC, Welsh T, McGrogan A. A Systematic Review of Observational Studies comparing Direct Oral Anticoagulants with Vitamin K Antagonists for Stroke Prevention in Older People with Atrial Fibrillation. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology. 2019 Feb 3;71(S1):6-7. S2. https://doi.org/10.1111/jphp.13062
Mitchell, Anneka ; Watson, Magaret C. ; Welsh, Tomas ; McGrogan, Anita. / A Systematic Review of Observational Studies comparing Direct Oral Anticoagulants with Vitamin K Antagonists for Stroke Prevention in Older People with Atrial Fibrillation. In: Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology. 2019 ; Vol. 71, No. S1. pp. 6-7.
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title = "A Systematic Review of Observational Studies comparing Direct Oral Anticoagulants with Vitamin K Antagonists for Stroke Prevention in Older People with Atrial Fibrillation",
abstract = "Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) were introduced in 2009 as an alternative to warfarin. Randomised controlled trials found direct oral anticoagulants to be as safe and effective as warfarin for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation (AF). However, older people were underrepresented in these studies and there is uncertainty as to which treatment offers the best risk/benefit ratio1,2. The aim of this systematic review was to compare the effectiveness and safety of DOACs to vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) in people ≥75 years with AF when treated in routine clinical practice. Studies were included in the systematic review if they used an observational study design, compared a DOAC to a VKA and presented data for an outcome of interest in participants ≥75 years old with AF. An exhaustive search was undertaken: Medline, EMBASE, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched from 01.01.09 to 03.01.18. Pharmaceutical companies were contacted to request unpublished data; reference lists were screened; foreign language articles were translated. Abstracts, editorials and letters were excluded as they did not include sufficient methodology information. The Newcastle‐Ottawa scale was used to assess studies for risk of bias. The study protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42018081696). Ethical approval is not required for reviews.Database searches returned 12,330 original articles. Articles were screened for inclusion and 23 studies were included in the review. The majority (n = 11) of studies were conducted in the USA and Canada, Asia (n = 6), Europe (n = 5), and New Zealand (n = 1). No studies were identified from the UK. The most studied DOAC was dabigatran (n = 21), followed by rivaroxaban (n = 12) and apixaban (n = 7). Generally, the included studies were rated highly with over half scoring 7 or above. Seven studies scored 6, one study scored 5 and three studies scored 4 or below.Effectiveness and safety outcomes: Ischaemic stroke: The majority of studies (6/9) found no significant difference between DOACs and VKAs, two found a decreased risk and one an increased risk with DOACs.Major bleeding: Most studies (8/12) found no significant difference between the groups, three found a decreased risk and one an increased risk with DOACs.Intracranial haemorrhage: Six studies reported that DOACs significantly decreased the risk, whereas five studies reported no significant difference.Gastrointestinal bleeding: Seven studies reported an increased risk with DOACs and two found no significant difference.This review found no difference in effectiveness between DOACs and VKAs but variable safety outcomes in those aged ≥75. However, the findings were limited by the low numbers of older people in the included studies and the low quality scores of those involving only the over 75s. The strength of this study was the broad search strategy; the main limitation was the reliance on published results as access to individual participant data was not available. The majority of studies did not report event rates so effect sizes could not be recalculated. This review has highlighted the need for high quality research investigating the comparative safety and effectiveness of DOACs in older people. It supports further work to examine this question.",
author = "Anneka Mitchell and Watson, {Magaret C.} and Tomas Welsh and Anita McGrogan",
doi = "10.1111/jphp.13062",
pages = "6--7",
journal = "Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology",
publisher = "Pharmaceutical Press",
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T1 - A Systematic Review of Observational Studies comparing Direct Oral Anticoagulants with Vitamin K Antagonists for Stroke Prevention in Older People with Atrial Fibrillation
AU - Mitchell, Anneka
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AU - Welsh, Tomas
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N2 - Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) were introduced in 2009 as an alternative to warfarin. Randomised controlled trials found direct oral anticoagulants to be as safe and effective as warfarin for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation (AF). However, older people were underrepresented in these studies and there is uncertainty as to which treatment offers the best risk/benefit ratio1,2. The aim of this systematic review was to compare the effectiveness and safety of DOACs to vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) in people ≥75 years with AF when treated in routine clinical practice. Studies were included in the systematic review if they used an observational study design, compared a DOAC to a VKA and presented data for an outcome of interest in participants ≥75 years old with AF. An exhaustive search was undertaken: Medline, EMBASE, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched from 01.01.09 to 03.01.18. Pharmaceutical companies were contacted to request unpublished data; reference lists were screened; foreign language articles were translated. Abstracts, editorials and letters were excluded as they did not include sufficient methodology information. The Newcastle‐Ottawa scale was used to assess studies for risk of bias. The study protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42018081696). Ethical approval is not required for reviews.Database searches returned 12,330 original articles. Articles were screened for inclusion and 23 studies were included in the review. The majority (n = 11) of studies were conducted in the USA and Canada, Asia (n = 6), Europe (n = 5), and New Zealand (n = 1). No studies were identified from the UK. The most studied DOAC was dabigatran (n = 21), followed by rivaroxaban (n = 12) and apixaban (n = 7). Generally, the included studies were rated highly with over half scoring 7 or above. Seven studies scored 6, one study scored 5 and three studies scored 4 or below.Effectiveness and safety outcomes: Ischaemic stroke: The majority of studies (6/9) found no significant difference between DOACs and VKAs, two found a decreased risk and one an increased risk with DOACs.Major bleeding: Most studies (8/12) found no significant difference between the groups, three found a decreased risk and one an increased risk with DOACs.Intracranial haemorrhage: Six studies reported that DOACs significantly decreased the risk, whereas five studies reported no significant difference.Gastrointestinal bleeding: Seven studies reported an increased risk with DOACs and two found no significant difference.This review found no difference in effectiveness between DOACs and VKAs but variable safety outcomes in those aged ≥75. However, the findings were limited by the low numbers of older people in the included studies and the low quality scores of those involving only the over 75s. The strength of this study was the broad search strategy; the main limitation was the reliance on published results as access to individual participant data was not available. The majority of studies did not report event rates so effect sizes could not be recalculated. This review has highlighted the need for high quality research investigating the comparative safety and effectiveness of DOACs in older people. It supports further work to examine this question.
AB - Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) were introduced in 2009 as an alternative to warfarin. Randomised controlled trials found direct oral anticoagulants to be as safe and effective as warfarin for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation (AF). However, older people were underrepresented in these studies and there is uncertainty as to which treatment offers the best risk/benefit ratio1,2. The aim of this systematic review was to compare the effectiveness and safety of DOACs to vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) in people ≥75 years with AF when treated in routine clinical practice. Studies were included in the systematic review if they used an observational study design, compared a DOAC to a VKA and presented data for an outcome of interest in participants ≥75 years old with AF. An exhaustive search was undertaken: Medline, EMBASE, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched from 01.01.09 to 03.01.18. Pharmaceutical companies were contacted to request unpublished data; reference lists were screened; foreign language articles were translated. Abstracts, editorials and letters were excluded as they did not include sufficient methodology information. The Newcastle‐Ottawa scale was used to assess studies for risk of bias. The study protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42018081696). Ethical approval is not required for reviews.Database searches returned 12,330 original articles. Articles were screened for inclusion and 23 studies were included in the review. The majority (n = 11) of studies were conducted in the USA and Canada, Asia (n = 6), Europe (n = 5), and New Zealand (n = 1). No studies were identified from the UK. The most studied DOAC was dabigatran (n = 21), followed by rivaroxaban (n = 12) and apixaban (n = 7). Generally, the included studies were rated highly with over half scoring 7 or above. Seven studies scored 6, one study scored 5 and three studies scored 4 or below.Effectiveness and safety outcomes: Ischaemic stroke: The majority of studies (6/9) found no significant difference between DOACs and VKAs, two found a decreased risk and one an increased risk with DOACs.Major bleeding: Most studies (8/12) found no significant difference between the groups, three found a decreased risk and one an increased risk with DOACs.Intracranial haemorrhage: Six studies reported that DOACs significantly decreased the risk, whereas five studies reported no significant difference.Gastrointestinal bleeding: Seven studies reported an increased risk with DOACs and two found no significant difference.This review found no difference in effectiveness between DOACs and VKAs but variable safety outcomes in those aged ≥75. However, the findings were limited by the low numbers of older people in the included studies and the low quality scores of those involving only the over 75s. The strength of this study was the broad search strategy; the main limitation was the reliance on published results as access to individual participant data was not available. The majority of studies did not report event rates so effect sizes could not be recalculated. This review has highlighted the need for high quality research investigating the comparative safety and effectiveness of DOACs in older people. It supports further work to examine this question.
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text:
Home/Vegas News/Canada/Canada's oil and gas industry hurt by overregulation: study
Canada's oil and gas industry hurt by overregulation: study
Canada's oil and gas sector suffers from a widespread perception by industry executives that it's a poor place to do business, according to a new study by the Fraser Institute.
The report by the fiscally-conservative think tank found that of 22 U.S. and Canadian oil and gas producing regions, none finished in the top 10 in terms of having a favourable climate for investment.
"The message from investors is clear — Canada's onerous and uncertain regulatory environment continues to hurt the investment attractiveness of the country's oil and gas industry," said Elmira Aliakbari, co-author of the report, Canada-US Energy Sector Competitiveness Survey 2021.
The survey was completed by 71 industry executives between May and August of this year.
Texas and Oklahoma were considered the top two places to invest in oil and gas, followed by Wyoming, North Dakota, and Kansas in the top five positions.
By comparison, Saskatchewan finished in 11th place, Alberta 12th, Newfoundland and Labrador 16th, B.C. 18th and the Northwest Territories 20th out of the 22 jurisdictions surveyed.
Oil and gas executives cited uncertainty about environmental regulations in Canada, regulatory duplication and inconsistencies, and the cost of regulatory compliance as major areas of concern compared to the U.S.
For example, while only 20% of respondents said they were concerned about regulatory uncertainty in Texas, 65% expressed the same view about Alberta.
Canadas gas Hurt industry oil overregulation Study
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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text:
Смольки — название населённых пунктов:

Белоруссия
 Смольки — деревня в Городокском районе Витебской области.
 Смольки — деревня в Костюковичском районе Могилёвской области.

Россия
 Смольки — село в Городецком районе Нижегородской области.
 Смольки — деревня в Селижаровском районе Тверской области.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Bio Email This Print Comment 3 comments
Engineered products range from tiny ones with only a few distinct parts to huge ones with literally millions of parts, thousands of subassemblies, and a complex interplay between electrical and mechanical design. It's not exaggerating to say that for these larger projects, thousands of engineers worked directly and indirectly on them, bringing them to reality, spending countless hours wrestling with design details, issues, and tradeoffs, and likely even arguing about what approach to take to solve multifaceted problems.
To say they are "putting their heart and soul into it" may be a cliché, but it is a very accurate one on these mega-projects. Nonetheless, the resultant products sometimes don't survive the rigors of the market, and the production run gets scrapped, built units get sold off (sometimes through discounters), or their fate is not publicized.
Such sinking into oblivion quietly is certainly not the case for the 550-passenger Airbus A380 superjumbo airliner, Figure 1. Introduced in in 2007, this behemoth is the largest standard-commercial passenger jet ever developed. Its development cycle and operational date roughly paralleled the 787 Dreamliner from archrival Boeing, Figure 2. The 787 carries fewer passengers (335) and does not need special airport facilities as the A380 does as a consequence of its superjumbo size and double-decker configuration.
The Airbus A380 superjumbo carries up to 550 passengers in a two-deck arrangement, but the market rejected its size and operating-route realities. (Image source: Airbus S.A.S.)
Despite serious early operational setbacks due to problems with the lithium-battery package, the Boeing 787 Dreamliner has seen wide acceptance. (Image source: The Boeing Company)
Forward to the present, and the Airbus A380 has done poorly in terms of market acceptance while Boeing has delivered nearly 800 787's as of December 2018, and despite a very nasty set of battery-related problems soon after it entered service. Airbus once planned to build more than 40 A380s per year and production but only reached 30 aircraft annually at its peak; only a dozen A380s were assembled in 2018. Airbus has stropped taking A380 orders and has cancelled further production once the current batch of orders is completed.
There are a variety of reasons for this, and business experts will undoubtedly use the development of the aircraft individually as well as their competitive pairing as case-study material. I won't go into the market and business details here; there are already many reasonably insightful discussions of what went wrong and right.
But in all the reports and explanations I saw, one fact really hit me: although they are just a little over a dozen years old, some of the early A380s are being scrapped and scrounged for parts. This article in The Wall Street Journal was blunt: '"Singapore Airlines Ltd., the first airline to operate the superjumbo, has retired its first two A380s. The aircraft, now parked in France, are being sold for scrap." Note that they are not being relegated to long-term storage for eventual re-sale or use; they are being stripped and tossed into a dumpster (albeit a very large one).
In a word: "ouch." That news has to hurt if you were involved in any aspect of the aircraft's development from design to prototyping, test, and manufacturing. Such a public and visible diminishment of the results of a project that was once hailed as a "golden" top priority, and which you were proud to be part of, must be a real hit to the gut.
Officially releasing a product when it won't be a winner is a risky business. Many years ago, I worked at a well-known semiconductor company where the founder was still company president. He was passionate about the products, the company, the employees and yes, the customers. At one annual employee meeting, he reminded the design engineers and marketers of an important rule (I am doing this from memory here, of course): If the day before you formally release a product, you don't think it will be winner due to a shortfall in a key spec, production and test costs, or a change in the competitive situation, just cancel it.
Why? Yes, you are personally heavily invested in it, and a lot of money and effort has already gone into its development and qualification, but those are "sunk" costs. The on-going costs start to flow after the product is released. If doesn't do well yet has some customers, you still have to spend money for production, test, and stocking; for applications support; and for many ways needed to support any products; you can't tell a customer "sorry, it's your tough luck, you bought a product which we are abandoning early in life, so we won't help you anymore."
Obviously, Airbus did not have this choice, for several reasons: they had invested billions, and they certainly received "promises" from prospective airlines before they committed to the A380. But promises are not purchase orders, and the aircraft-market dynamics and preferences changed in the decade between A380 project initiation and its availability. It's not the fault of the designers, as they largely delivered what they set out to do, despite countless technical and manufacturing problems that had to be resolved.
Seeing your project, one to which you have dedicated years of your life to bring to market, sold for scrap is a harsh metric on the chance any new product takes when it finally reaches the market. It's certainly not an indication of the quality of the design (in many cases) but it says that sometimes a product just isn't what the market wanted in its time window.
Have you ever had a project scrapped late in the development cycle, or soon after its release? What happened to its engineering and support teams?
Dreamlining Boeing and batteries
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Tech platform may find broader use in Airbus craft
Boeing 787 and Lithium Ion battery failure
steve.taranovich
User Rank Blogger
Re: What a long journey an idea can have
@BillWM---please also see https://www.planetanalog.com/author.asp?section_id=3065&doc_id=563979 and https://www.planetanalog.com/author.asp?section_id=3065&doc_id=563979
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Bill_Jaffa
Iridium's rise, fall, and re-birth is a fascinating story--see this book for a good accounting of the story:
"Eccentric Orbits: The Iridium Story" bny John Bloom
https://groveatlantic.com/?s=iridium
It's a stark reminder that PEOPLE or the determined force of one person makes technology happen, it doesnt happen by itself.
BillWM
What a long journey an idea can have
https://patents.justia.com/patent/6385513
What a long meandering journey the invention of a new technology can be. In about 1993 I submitted the idea for an iridium satellite phone to Jim Wilson, VP of Engineering at Global - Wulfsberg systems. AlliedSignal then bought GWS. Soon Tim Swords from Honeywell's SATCOM group was brought in and the idea mushroomed into the Arinc-761 SATCOM. Then the group was moved to Olathe KS, after much negotiations with Motorola -- the originator of iridium, work started on the AirSat 5/8 product and the Airsat Single Channel Product. While I worked on the E1 bus for the cabin and cockpit audio, the TWA 747 crash near long Island happened. Myself and John Cessna both submitted the idea for using the Satcom to uplink/downlink distress and avionics data. We were named as co-inventors on the Patent that was awarded. The AirSat multichannel suffered from channel to channel power-supply noise rejection and really only worked well with one or two channels up. At that point Iridium faced with poor handset sales and Motorola pinched by competition from Nokia in wireless handsets declared bankruptcy. Honeywell dropped work on the multichannel leaving me with a move to Nokia. I can neither confirm or deny if the Multichannel hardware was reincarnated as a classified Aero Satcom.
Fast forward close to 15 years, and Iridium began a venture with Thales and SpaceX to replace satellites with new technology. This included high speed internet capability, and an ADSB receiver for flight tracking, and air traffic control. Inmarsat also joined with a competing offering so that there would now be dual - dissimilar global coverage. The idea and system has received its first real life use in the recent Boeing 737 MAX incident in Ethiopia -- what a long journey an idea can have.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iridium_satellite_constellation
https://aireon.com/resources/overview-materials/iridium-next/


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text:
Ignacio María Barriola Irigoyen (San Sebastián 1906- ibidem 1998). Fue un médico cirujano del aparato digestivo, escritor y creador del Patronato de Educación Superior de Guipúzcoa (España) en 1963 de donde surgió la Universidad del País Vasco en Guipúzcoa. Un edificio de dicha Universidad lleva su nombre.

Biografía y trayectoria profesional
Nació en San Sebastián en 1906 y realizó la carrera de medicina en las Universidades de Salamanca y Madrid donde se licenció en 1928.
Se especializó en gastropatología con Juan Madinaveitia, aprendiendo los procederes quirúrgicos de la especialidad con Luis Urrutia y en 1929 inició su actividad clínica en el Hospital civil San Antonio Abad de San Sebastián. En la década de 1930 completó su formación médica en París, Heildeberg y Colonia y en 1933 se trasladó al Instituto Radio Quirúrgico de San Sebastián (actual Onkologikoa). En 1936 culminó la tesis doctoral en la Universidad de Madrid titulada extirpación del cáncer rectal por vía sacra. Posteriormente ejerció su labor clínica en la Clínica de las Mercedes hasta su jubilación.
En la década de 1930 publicó un elevado número de libros y artículos sobre historia de la Medicina, entre los que se incluye la primera monografía sobre medicina popular vasca.

Comprometido políticamente con el nacionalismo vasco, formó parte de la denominada red Sautu  que permitió el envío de una gran cantidad de información al Gobierno Vasco en el exterior entre 1937 y 1940, que fue transmitida al ejército francés hasta que los nazis tomaron París y encarcelaron a la mayoría de los miembros de la Red, incluido Barriola. Fue juzgado el 3 de julio de 1941 y condenado a muerte. Fue juzgado nuevamente en 1942 y sentenciado a 12 años de prisión. Quedó en libertad el 17 de noviembre de 1943.

Presidió la Academia Médico Quirúrgica de Guipúzcoa en 1957, el Colegio de Médicos entre 1978 y 1993, y fue director de la Real Sociedad Bascongada de Amigos del País en 1983.

Fue nombrado presidente de honor de la Sociedad Vasca de Historia de la Medicina y en 1993 la Universidad del País Vasco le otorgó la medalla de oro por la creación de la Universidad en Guipúzcoa.

Publicaciones
Las publicaciones más destacadas fueron las siguientes:

El enigma de la muerte de Napoleón, San Sebastián, Distribuidora del Norte, 1950;

La medicina popular en el País Vasco, San Sebastián, Biblioteca Vascongada de los Amigos del País, 1952;

Los Amigos del País y la medicina, San Sebastián, Biblioteca Vascongada de los Amigos del País, 1963;

19 condenados a muerte, Bilbao, Ediciones Vascas, 1978;

El curandero Petriquillo, Salamanca, Instituto de Historia de la Medicina- Universidad de Salamanca, 1983;

Gestiones guipuzcoanas por una universidad oficial en el País Vasco, Bilbao, Universidad del País Vasco, 1985;

Crónica de mi vida y entorno, San Sebastián, Seminario de Historia de la Medicina Vasca, 1994.

Referencias

Nacidos en San Sebastián
Médicos de Guipúzcoa
Médicos del País Vasco


text:
The Andrew Lang Site
Periodical Writings
All Known Periodicals (80+)
The Academy (1869–1916)
The Athenaeum (1828–1921)
Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine (1817–1980)
The Cornhill Magazine (1860–1975)
The Contemporary Review (1866–2013)
Harper's New Monthly Magazine (1850–)
Illustrated London News (1842–2003)
Longman's, "At the Sign of the Ship" (1886–1905)
The Morning Post (1772–1937)
Punch (1841–2002)
The Saturday Review (1855–1938)
1887 "At the Sign of the Ship"
January 1887 [Signed A. Lang]
Opening lines: "The Christmas number of the Psychical Society is probably the most satisfying, to an appetite for the marvellous, that has ever appeared. Phantasms of the Living,[1] by Mr. Podmore, contains a number of pages so great that arithmetic boggles at it, and offfers about eight hundred 'cases,' authentic cases, of phantasms, with some little ones in, in an appendix. It is a most extraordinary and, to a contemplative mind, a most puzzling thing that one never can take Psychical Research seriously. The authors of those vast quartos are gentlemen of high attainments and literary accomplishments. They have given as much pains to organizing an inquiry into abnormal occurrences as would fit out a theory of Home Rule, or of a cure for our social distresses. They have spared no labour, they have passed many hours in the most uninviting experiments with Thought Readers, they have interrogated the Aunts of the human species as to the phantasms they have beheld (it is extraordinary how great Aunts are in ghosts); and yet Psychical Research is not taken seriously."
[1] London: Trubner. 2 vols.
Psychical Research (extended discussion, 330–335), Lang begins with the Christmas number of the "Psychical Society" and notes "I cannot take Psychical Research seriously. The rest of the world seems just as flippant, and there must be some reason for the flippancy."*
"One would not maintain that Psychical Research will never discover anything at all; but most persons feel it will never persuade them, nor people like them, of the truth of its discoveries. Starting from all these experiments in the influence of mind on mind, 'telepathy,' and the rest, we see that only individual experience, in each case, will satisfy an observer; and even he will not be as satisfied as if the experiment were in the natural sciences." (331)
"if I am not allowed to believe in ghosts unless I first swallow Thought Reading, why, with a pang, but resolutely, I give ghosts up." (331)
Phantasms are more interesting. Lang cites Mr. Gurney and Mr. Myers's book, referenced above (331–32) "Making large discounts for hoaxes, for mistaken identity, and for human folly, I confess I think there is still 'something in it.' (332)
An example from Kamilaroi and Kurnai, an account of the Australian tribes (332)
Multiple personalities can be seen in the ghost vs. the deceased: "many of us are Jekylls, each with a tribe of Hydes. Now the mischievous ghost of a decent man is obviously only one of his Hydes, detached and on the loose" (333)
Discusses Walter Pollock's sketch called 'Dreams'—where "some one, in a dream, invented a way of communicating with the people of Mars by means of signals reflected on to the disk of the moon." The Martians and citizens of earth fulfill one another's dreams in their daily lives. Lang discusses whether we would take life less seriously if they were "only the nightmares of men and women in another planet" (333)
Lang discusses the ancient folklore of beans (he makes the transition by discussing Pythagoras's belief that one can write on the surface of the moon by writing on the earth in bean juice, which Lang had read about in "some strange old 'volume of forgotten lore' [Poe's "The Raven"]) (334–35)
Wellerisms [A book on the origin of Sam's sayings in Pickwick] (335)
A discussion of Shakespeare appears in the Elizabethan play The Return from Parnassus (1606) (335–36)
*Commentary: Lang's Cock Lane and Common Sense was published in 1894; Lang would become president of the Society for Psychical Research in 1911. Previous presidents included Henry Sidgwick (1882–84 and 1888–92), Balfour Stewart (1885–87), Arthur Balfour (1893), William James (1894–95), Sir William Crookes (1896–99), Frederick W. H. Myers (1900), Sir Oliver Lodge (1901–1903), William F. Barrett, (1904), Charles Richet (1905), Gerald Balfour (1906–07), Eleanor Sidgwick (1908–09), and Henry Arthur Smith (1910) .
February 1887 [Signed ANDREW LANG]
Opening lines: "In Mr. Hayward's Letters[1] there are various entertaining passages, and among them what some moralists would call a dreadful example of 'log-rolling.' Mr. Thackeray (by the way he is called 'Mr. Thackeray' in the table of contents) was not a very well known man in 1845. Mr. Macvey Napier, not a very well remembered man in 1887, was then editing the Edinburgh Review. To him Mr. Longman recommended Mr. Thackeray, 'thinking he would be a good hand for light articles.' Mr. Longman was not mistaken in this judgment. There was never a better hand at light articles. But Mr. Macvey Napier had not heard of the proposed contributor, and, as he said, 'in a journal like the Edinbro' it is always of importance to keep up in respect of names.'" (440)
[1] Murray. London: 1886.
Topics: [Unlike most months, the February 1887 number includes a list of topics at the beginning of the article. I quote these in italics below. However, as these headings are not very descriptive, a more thorough list of the February topics follows.]
Of Log-Rolling.
A Desperate Case.
Startling Revelations!
The 'Hayward Letters.'
Mr. Hayward Exposed.
Of Criticism.
An Enemy hath done this thing!'
Of Misprints.
Of the End of the World.
Lines on the 'Destiny of the Universe,' by a Young Lady
Of Books and their Prices
Of Arrow-Release
Of Unknown Correspondents
Poor Needlewomen
Topics (more fully described):
Lang begins with the anecdote quoted above, that Mr. Macvey Napier, editor of the Edinburgh Review in 1845, hadn't heard of Thackeray when he was proposed as a potential contributor and therefore thought Thackeray was not a well known enough name for the Review. Lang then transitions into a facetious charge of log-rolling against the Edinburgh Review for its review of Vanity Fair (440).
Of Log-Rolling: "Mr. Thackeray's novel Vanity Fair was actually praised (hideous and incredible as it may seem) by his personal friend, Mr. Hayward, in the Edinburgh Review, a journal in which he himself wrote, or may have thought of writing, being esteemed a good hand for light articles" (440).
An Enemy hath done this thing!'—Starting by praising Hayward's letters on the subject, Lang discusses how writers are too apt to confuse negative reviews with personal enmity (441–42)
Of Misprints. [in the book Hayward Letters] (442)
Of the End of the World. "Taking Long Views"—a poem by May Kendall in which a character wonders, "Oh, shall we wander into space, or fall into the sun?" (443–44)
Of Books and their Prices: booksellers usually sell rare books too high; if they sell them too low, should the buyer say anything? Foolish booksellers who rebind old books, lowering their value, reprimanded (444–45)
Of Arrow-Release: varying releases by various people groups discussed (445–46)
Of Unknown Correspondents [Lang's poem complains of the people who write him] (446–47)
Poor Needlewomen: Their inability to get paid a proper wage because there are so many of them; a "Co-operative Society, still on a very small scale" formed. Address given to which readers can send work or orders. (447–48)
Poems printed in full:
"Taking Long Views" M.K. [May Kendall]
"To Correspondents" [Andrew Lang]
March 1887 [Signed ANDREW LANG.]
Opening lines: "There seems reason to fear that a Virgin will be presently sacrificed by a company of infuriated novelists, as Jodelle and his friends, when a play was accepted, offered a goat to Dionysus. for some reason the novelists are very self-conscious at this moment, and keep inquiring into the health, and feeling the pulse of the Muse of Romance, with an interest shared by the general public. Mr. Rider Haggard has been deciding, in the Contemporary Review, that fiction is in a bad way, and he speaks of some American writers and of M. Zola in a style which is almost a casus belli. On the other side of the Atlantic, Mr. Boyes, in the Forum, also thinks that fiction is in a valetudinarian state. One point on which Mr. Haggard and Mr. Boyes agree is in holding that blushing Maidenhood is the real cause of distress." (552)
The state of fiction / Novelists and their female readers [Rider Haggard's and Mr. Boyes's contention that fiction would be better "if the standard of popularity were not set by girls, and by notions of what girls may read" (552); Lang disagrees that separating novels from women readership is either possible or a good idea: "I only wish young girls would read my works—my little excursus on the Evolution of Ritual, or my favourite study, The Modification of Cannibalism by Cookery. But the Young Girls neglects these edifying essays, and they 'wilt' on the dusty shelves. To be read by Young Girls should be an author's joy." (552–53)
"The Restoration of Romance" (a poem by Andrew Lang) "(To H. R. H. and R. L. S.) (554-55)
Advertisements in The Princess of Cleves, a 1679 English translation of La Princesse de Clèves: "what more takes me than the novel itself is the number of advertisements, wherein we learn how our grandmothers read, and what books the ingenious Mr. Bentley put forth, 'tis now two centuries since" (555–56)
"the scraps from Mr. Thackeray's waste-paper basket called 'Sultan Stork, and other Papers" [Lang does not approve of publishing them] (556)
On "clever people's" undervaluing the works of Charles Dickens
"The Ballad of Claverhouse's Sweetheart" (V. H.) (558–59)
Ballads on Books, Mr. Brander Matthews and Mr. Combes
The 'Blind Fisherman of Tweedside,' William Rankin, dead
"The Restoration of Romance" (Andrew Lang) "(To H. R. H. and R. L. S.) (554-55)
April 1887 [Signed A. LANG.]
Opening lines: "The amusement of drawing up imaginary lists of an imaginary Academy was invented perhaps, by Mr. Matthew Arnold. Some members of the British Public have lately tried their hands at it—their hands already expert at making amateur Cabinets, ideal Elevens of All England, lists of the best places to buy groceries at, of the best schools, the best doctors, the best parsons, and so forth." (658)
an Imaginary Academy—Lang believes it would be more interesting to think about who might have belonged to such an Academy of the English had had one as long as the French than to think about who should belong to one in the present. (658)
Ménage, or Ægidius Menagius (1663) and his love of his publisher and their books (Elzevirs)
"A Pure Hypothesis," poem by May Kendall (661–63) (signed M.K.) / in Lang's words "the unexplored regions of moral mathematics." Lang comments "According to a geometrical enthusiast, it is only by 'the casting out of self' that we can even conceive of Four-dimensional Space, and, if mankind could universally cast out self, how happy we might all become! But what a terrible planet that would be which was peopled (like Ulster) by 'an evil colony' of our expelled selves—a colony of Mr. Hydes!" (663)
"M. Henri Beraldi: "Neither the late Mr. John Hill Burton, nor the 'dreadful Dibdin,' as an American amateur calls him, had even the beginnings of such a pleasant style of causerie as M. Henri Beraldi" (663); Lang repeats quote almost word for word on the rare bookseller who offer too good of a deal from his February "Ship" in the new context of Beraldi.
M. Jules Lemaître praised as an excellent French critic; his essays recommended; his writing on ballades quoted (664–65)
The American Mr. Clinton Scollard's ballade, "For Me the Blithe Ballade," of which Lang writes, "I copy it from a pleasant book, With Reed and Lyre" (665–66)
"A Pure Hypothesis" M.K. [May Kendall] (661–63)
"For Me the Blithe Ballade" Mr. Clinton Scollard
May 1887 [Signed ANDREW LANG]
Opening lines: "The present Ship, I regret to say, is a woful barque, with black sails. From the poop you may 'see the sad pageants of men's miseries,' and lament over the Sorrows of Authors. Perhaps they do not mind it very much themselves, but they are suffering (if they happen to notice this whimsical circumstance) from critics who forbid them to sell their own wares, and from critics who accuse them of selling wares that are not their own."
Commentary: Lang is referring to Margaret Oliphant, the then unrecognized anonymous author of the "Old Saloon," a review of recent books, in Blackwood's. Oliphant did not think that Stevenson should collect and republish short stories contributed to periodicals so soon after their original writing. The second charge refers to the controversy over Rider Haggard's alleged plagiarisms that had been argued in the press, most notably in the Athenaeum and the Pall-Mall Gazette. Lang would publish one of his best-known essays, "Literary Plagiarism," in the Contemporary Review in June.]
"The Sorrows of Authors" who are harangued by "critics who forbid them to sell their own wares, and from critics who accuse them of selling wares not their own" (105)
Lang complains of Margaret Oliphant's complaint in April's "The Old Saloon" of Stevenson repackaging his own periodical short stories in book form. (Interestingly, Lang may not know this "The Old Saloon" number, and others, were written by Oliphant (105–06); see the September 1887 "Sign of the Ship," p. 558–59. See also Schroeder, "Lasting Ephemera" in the summer 2017 VPR.) Lang gives a defense of reprinting stories "scattered in divers out-of the-way periodicals, and others not so out of the way," noting also that republication is common for serialized novels such as Mr. Besant's Children of Gibeon or Mrs. Oliphant's The Wizard's Son: "There is no logical reason why a three-volume novel and its author should have privileges denied to the authors of short stories and even of essays" (107).
"If short stories are not to be republished till the author has one foot in the grave, we should have to do without most of a famed French wit's books" (107).
Lang mocks the current debate on plagiarism by quoting from and summarizing Charles Reade, A Memoir: "George Eliot was the culprit, and the victim was—one would offer a dozen guesses—the victim was the late Mr. Charles Reade" (109)
Lang criticizes the "parallel column trick," shifts to discussion of Haggard's She and Moore's Epicurean, summarizes the latter, discusses that Haggard accused of cribbing Moore and Moore accused of "cribbing Alethe and Alciphron and the whole idea of the tale from Chateaubriand, a ridiculous accusation" (111)
Lang mocks another parallel column incident in Literary World, in which a paragraph from Haggard's She [Ayesha's sudden aging and shrinking] and a Japanese fairy tale published in the Century of June 1886.
June 1887 [Signed ANDREW LANG.}
Opening line: "By the time this somewhat tardy cruiser arrives at the haven of publication, everyone will have forgotten all about the Pictures of the year." (216)
Pictures of the Year at the Academy and the Grosvenor are interesting; though people may feel this notice is too late for them to be interested in reading it. Lang gives brief opinions on Sargent, Burne-Jones, and Strudwick (112)
Benedetta Ramus's portrait discussed last summer, more information on the original given, including details from Mrs. Papendiek's Court and Private Life in the Time of Queen Charlotte (217–18)
Lang wonders if readers can supply him with the source of an overheard remark: "Is it part of a true and actual adventure, or is it the conclusion of some romance, which must be poignant, but is unknown to us? Would it be wrong to plagiarize it, and write a story filling up the unknown background? Would any two novelists conduct that story in anything like the same way?" Quotation: "So a month later, they went back to the Island, and they found the Doctor and the Slave both Dead." (218)
M. Joseph Boulmier's Villanelles (1878 and his Rimes Loyales (1857) (218–20)
Copyright, National and International, a pamphlet by 'A Publisher'; Gibbon's account with his publishers reprinted from the above (220–221)
Lang's opinions on copyright in America: American authors have no recourse
May Kendall's poem, "The Conscientious Ghost" (221–23)
Lang disapproves of Oxford's School of Modern Languages also being called a School of Literature, doesn't believe literature can be taught, but certain it won't be taught at Oxford
Lang is annoyed at receiving manuscripts that ought to go to the editor of Longman's
*Lang prints two stanzas from Boulmier's "Vieux Livres, Jeunes Fleurs" and one more poetic stanza by the same author 219, 220
"The Conscientious Ghost," M.K. [May Kendall] (221–23)
July 1887 (Signed ANDREW LANG.)
Opening lines: "'Then, are we Critics of no use in the world?' Mr. Howells has been asking in Harper's Magazine. He does not appear to be very certain that we are. 'Perhaps criticism does some good we do not know of,' he says, in a spirit of agnosticism. 'They say it does one good,' murmured Nicholas of ancient days, when he was crossing the Channel in a gale. 'But,' he added, 'I'd rather be done good to some other way.'" (329)
The value of critics
Discusses Mr. Howells in Harper's Magazine on whether critics are of any use in the world; claims that critics can be helpful in stopping authors "in their first rush (which is always wild, like a salmon's) and turns them from a business in which they are of no avail" (329)
Critics also are "on a watch-tower, and the public . . . is below, anxiously awaiting some new genius. . . . once and again, the Critic does see somebody coming, somebody not yet visible to the public below" (330).
The Critic "induces [the author] to improve his work," gives example of Tennyson's first and last edition of the Palace of Art, though he also criticizes these same critics for their "slumberous and stupid" response, overall, to the 1833 volume (330)
Graham R. Tomson's poem (printed in full) "Ballad of Asphodel" [Rosamund Mariott Watson]
"Among the many good deeds of the Critic (which really enable him, far from desponding like Mr. Howells, to enjoy an approving conscience) might be mentioned his practice of introducing people to books they would not otherwise meet" (332)
Treatises on Second Sight by Theophilus Insulanus (1763, reprinted 1819 in Glasgow) often quoted by Sir Walter Scott, recommended to the Psychical Research Society (332–34). Lang describes stories of brownies and of second sight, claiming "Most of the people who had second sight were named Macleod. . . . the people of Skye . . . treasured up the memory of their visions till (not matter how long after) something of the same sort happened" (333). The story of Greadach Munro told, who threw up her meal after seeing a vision of a corpse in the trough; small child buried in it a few days later as no wood available for a coffin (333–34)
M. Joseph Bolmier's (see June 1887) French translation of Austin Dobson's villanelle, "When I saw you last, Rose" printed. (334)
Miss Constance Naden's A Modern Apostle, &c., recommended, or at least the "amusing light verse in '&c.', Lang has "not yet read the Modern Apostle", selections of the verse printed (335)
Short notices of information received from Correspondents:
The Doctor and the Slave continued—"several Correspondents write, 'See Sandy's story in Warburton's Darien, chapter ix." (335)
"Another Correspondent has read a tale called 'A Wife's Revenge,' in the Christmas number of Good Words, 1873; and he has also read Charles Reade's 'Single Heart and Double Face.' He wants to know how those two pieces come to be so very like each other. People interested in coincidences may seek an explanation for themselves" (335–36)
"An anonymous Correspondent from St. Andrews is respectfully informed that, in the words of Artemus Ward, 'The spirit said NO, with one of the most tremenjous knocks I ever experienced" (336)
"Ballad of Asphodel" Graham R. Tomson [Rosamund Mariott Watson] (331–32)
"Rose" (French translation of Austin Dobson's "When I saw you last, Rose," translated by M. Joseph Bolmier
August 1887 [Signed ANDREW LANG.]
Opening line: "Among persons who suffer from overwork, and too prolonged and assiduous attention to business, may be mentioned the Invisible Palpable Ghost." (442)
"The Invisible Palpable Ghost" mentioned as "suffer[ing] from overwork." Lang doesn't know when this being first appeared in fiction. He first saw him "in a short story by an Irish-American author, FitzJames O'Brian, which was published before 1860," also appeared in an English magazine, and in a Wilkie Collins short story, "Mrs. Zant and the Ghost," also seems to have haunted the mother of Guibert de Nogent, and the fiction of M. Guy de Maupassant [Le Horla]; Lang prefers the first ghost to the others and thinks this particular story element (the Horla) "should be allowed a holiday" (442–44)
Mr. Rutherford Clark's translation of Horace (though Lang says the feat is impossible, still this "pretty pocket volume should be in the library of all lovers of Horace" (444)
Austin Dobson's Poscimur (444–45)
Polygnotus's painting of the Delphian Leschê, complete with "fishes so shadowy that they seem rather like the ghosts of fish"; poem "The Very Last Chance" printed in reference to this (445)
Graham Tomson's "Ballade of a Fair Impenitent" (446–47)
The terrible weather in June: "After nearly total darkness, mitigated only by white fogs, till the first week of June, the climate rushed into the opposite extremes. As in Mrs. Browning's poem, it was 'blindingly bright by' all that was left of the river"—trout fishing nearly impossible (447)
Miss May Kendall's "The Moon" which "attempt[s] to show the scientific, without neglecting the poetic, attitude of mind towards our satellite" (447–48)
"The Very Last Chance" (445)
Graham Tomson's "Ballade of a Fair Impenitent" (446–47) [Rosamund Mariott Watson]
"The Moon" (448), May Kendall
September 1887 (Signed ANDREW LANG.)
Opening lines: "Mr. George Robbins, the auctioneer, has been laughed at for his description of an estate where the only drawbacks were 'the litter of the rose leaves, and the noise of the nightingales.' The roses and bubuls would have been the paradise of Persian poet, but I am inclined to agree with the auctioneer. When one goes to bed one wants to sleep, not to listen to music, even if that music be not, as in Théophile Gautier's definition, 'the most expensive of noises.' The music of the nightingale is inexpensive, which perhaps is a reason for regretting that we do not hear him north of the Tweed. Whether it be enjoyable is a question of taste. That it is preferable to Sleep, 'of all Gods,' quoth Pausanias, 'the dearest to the Muses,' I deny." (553)
[As in February 1887, there is a list of topics at the beginning of the article. I quote these in italics below. I add page numbers, along with further descriptions in brackets when useful.]
The Nightingale, an Over-rated Bird [553]
Sappho an Over-rated Poet, according to Mrs. Piatt [553]
Poets on the Nightingale, their recklessness of Natural History [554] [It is the male who sings, Lang says]
[If the nightingale laments,] What does the Scythe say? [555]
Answers to this Question in Immortal Numbers ["Scythe Songs", "two variations on one rendering, by two hands" signed B. and A. 555–56]
Whence did William Wordsworth Steal his Ode to Duty? [556–57]
The Orphic Hymn to Law [The answer to the above—though Lang believes it's more likely that Wordsworth "happened to hit on the same set of ideas" (556–57)]
Why are Johnians called by an undesirable Nickname? [557] [Claims that St. John's, in Cambridge, "is a Lady Margaret's foundation. Trinity men would first call the students 'Margarets,' then 'Megs,' then 'Pegs,' then they would go to the full breadth of the present expression, by the mere change of a vowel. I cannot put it more delicately than that; and the argument seems well worthy of the attention of the Cambridge philologists. But perhaps these ideas are hesternæ rosæ, and have all been invented, and exploded, long ago. Such is the history of philological discoveries."]
Rondeau, by Mr. Austin Dobson ["Albi, Ne Doleas" (558]
The Old Saloon and Vernon Lee on Botticelli [558–59]
Peasantry of Picardy, an idyllic people, more or less [559: introduction to the poem listed in the quotations]
Petit Chanson Picard [559–60, a poem signed C.]
Note on Mephistopheles by Mr. Walter Pollock [560, Lang praises "the part interpreted by M. Edouard de Reszke at Drury Lane in Gounod's opera]
Scythe Songs (555–56), signed B. and A.
part of an Orphic Hymn, in Greek (556)
"Albi, Ne Doleas" Austin Dobson (558)
Petit Chanson Picard, signed C. (559–60)
October 1887 (Signed A. LANG).
Opening lines: "If one may judge by the American magazines, no literary topic is more interesting than the theory and practice of Fiction. What is Realism? How realistic is it right to be? Can a book that is popular be Literature (with a capital L)? or is Literature a manner of writing so refined and tormented that very few people want to read it, and they, for the most part, reviewers? What manner of thing is the Great American Novel to be, and when are we to look for its coming? With these and similar questions the critics divert themselves and their more philosophic readers." (659)*
*"Realism and Romance" would come out in the November 1887 Contemporary Review. As was true with the May number (which was published a month before "Literary Plagiarism" in the Contemporary Review), Lang here appears to be trying out ideas that he would expand on in a unified essay a month later.
American Magazines' interest in "the theory and practice of fiction" (659)
The Great American Novel: "why should the States expect to have a Great American Novel, and to be blessed above other people's in this matter?" (659)
Sir Walter Scott on writing fiction (659–61)
American copyright problem and Mudie's Select Library (661–62)
A flower girl's throwing all her goods onto the bare coffin of one out of four men who had died in a fire, and Graham Thompson's poem on the subject (662–63)
The Angler's Vade Mecum (1681) (663–64)
women's work and wages in ancient Greece as seen in poems in the Anthology Pal. Anathematica (664–65)
Richard Jeffries's death (665–66)
poem to Robert Louis Stevenson that complains of Stevenson's poem on Lang's brindled hair (666)
"After the Fire" (G.R.T.) [Rosamund Mariott Watson]
"To R.L.S." Lang's rejoinder to Stevenson's poem on his "brindled hair"
November 1887 [No signature on the final page.]
Opening lines: "Piracy is not a failing peculiar to America. In the New Princeton Review (Sept. 1887) Mr. Brander Matthews alleges that certain English publishers can also run up the 'Jolly Roger' on occasion, and sail under the Black Flag. I am delighted to see Mr. Matthews (vir lepidissimus et amicus meus) with his eye on persons who steal from American authors. But neither Mr. Matthews nor any other writer on his side explains why the books of Mr. Henry James, Mr. Howells, Mark Twain, Mr. Frank Stockton, and others, are quite safe here, while Mr. Stevenson and Mr. Besant are invariably pirated over there. Mr. Matthews asserts that some English booksellers pirate some American authors. This may be so, but what I want to know is how Mark Twain can protect such a popular book as Huckleberry Finn from being stolen in England. He does protect it, stolen it is not; and if popular English authors could only be as safe in America as Mark Twain is in England, they would be fairly contented." (105)
Piracy of American works by British publishers, according to Mr. Brander Matthews, and complaints on American pirates of British works (105–106)
Lang himself an unconscious pirate of Edgar Allan Poe's Poems "not, to be sure, from greed of gold, but because 'I wished to see him look respectable' . . . . I was not then aware that copyright in Poe's Poems still lived, and his heirs or assigns are very welcome to my share in the gains of an unconscious piracy. They have only to apply at the Sign of the Ship" (106)
A supposed letter from a woman about to be married, who complains of the wedding gifts of her friends, including "thirteen pairs of silver 'muffineers,' . . . . eleven gongs. . . . sixteen travelling clocks, and no fewer than one hundred and forty-four apostles . . . those large spoons headed with the effigies of the Disciples" (107)
"In the Toy Shop," a poem by May Kendall (108)
The covers of cheap editions of novels sold at railway stations (108–9)
Statistics on books bought in 'a wholesale book store in the Upper Mississippi Valley' published in the New York Critic, but "the popularity of English novelists in America cannot be estimated, as the cheap piratical editions are not counted. Now, when there are thirteen cheap piratical editions of one English novel, not to count them is to leave much out of the reckoning" (109)
Discussion of the names on the list, Mr. E.P. Roe, Dickens, Mrs. Mary J. H. Holmes, Miss Louis M. Alcott (282) "with whose works I am not fortunate enough to be acquainted. But next, not bad considering, is Sir Walter, with 232" . . . . (109)
Charles Stewart Swindells the name of the secretary of the Trinity Historical Society, Dallas, Texas, to which Lang had evidently been "unanimously elected a non-resident member" and asked to contribute a photo and autograph (110)
Ballade "A Man and a Brother" by Miss Werner
Seeking information on Mother Goose
part of the Greek Anthology "dedicated to the Manes of pets" / "Tymnes' lines on his dead sea-mew (Epitumbia 199) (111–12)
"In the Toy Shop" May Kendall (108)
"A Man and a Brother" Miss Werner (110–11)
December 1887 (Signed A. LANG.)
Opening lines: "December used to be the time when people drank punch and told of ghosts and dreams. Ghosts have been caught into the great scientific movement lately. In M. d'Assier's book, 'Posthumous Humanity' (G. Redway), which Col. Olcott has translated, the terms of physical science are copiously applied to apparitions." (234)
M. d'Assier's book Posthumous Humanity, Trans. Col. Olcott, "the terms of physical science are copiously applied to apparitions"; "mythology is not a series of 'great palpable lies,' but a collection of valuable facts. . . . Vampires do exist . . . . and, if all dead bodies were burned, why, there would be no vampires" (234–35)
and Robert Louis Stevenson
The dream of a woman correspondent in which she is "appointed to meet and discuss with a Board of people the abolition of all existing religions"; she awakes, satisfied because one religion cannot be abolished (235)
Another woman correspondent writes, "A very common dream-experience of mine is that of producing verses, which are, not doubt, very admirable, but unfortunately not reproducible in waking hours" / also has dream of seeing published poems under her name that she doesn't remember writing (236)
Two of Lang's dreams, one in which he was a good magician fighting the vampire of a bad magician, one in which he meets a "fairy lady" who will come to him three times in his life when he plucks "a sprig of white heather. 'But do not pluck it for the third time,' she said, 'till your death is approaching, and then I will come to you, and be your guide and comfort through the lonely way of death.' Unfortunately, he accidentally breaks it off a third time, and "must go alone down the ways of death" (236–37)
Gibbon's style monotonous because of his habit of ending sentences "in the genitive case. . . with 'of' so and so" (237)
"Mr. Gleeson White's collection of ballades, rondeaus, villanelles and the rest": "these ancient French forms seem decidedly most serviceable for light and humorous verse. There is very little poetry that can be cast in these quaint moulds, and genuine poets have used them very seldom" (238)
"Where to find the whole legend of Mr. Warburton's Cook, 'that unhappy Betty Barnes,' who burned and destroyed a large collection of old quarto plays and MSS, many of them unique?" (239)
"Ballade of Betty Barnes, the Book-Burner" by Graham R. Tomson
Captain Hawley Smart's The Great Tontine and the idea of keeping "harmless old gentlemen" to impersonate Kaisers long dead (240)
Poems printed in full: "Ballade of Betty Barnes, the Book-Burner" by Graham R. Tomson [Rosamund Mariott Watson] (239)
See the 1888 "At the Sign of the Ship" summaries.
Return to the "At the Sign of the Ship" Table of Contents.
The header photo is from Wikimedia Commons. It was originally published in The Critic: An Illustrated Monthly Review of Literature, Art and Life New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1901.


text:
Illini Defense Delivers In First Conference Win This Season
Illinois head coach Tim Beckman shouts at the referees during the third quarter of Saturday's 28-24 defeat of Minnesota.
(AP Photo/Bradley Leeb)
Illinois turned to its much-criticized defense Saturday for a late touchdown and a defensive stand that delivered a 28-24 win over Minnesota.
Illinois (4-4, 1-3 Big Ten) trailed 24-21 with 6:33 left in the game when linebacker T.J. Neal stripped the ball from running back David Cobb.
Cornerback V'Angelo Bentley grabbed the ball at the Gopher 12 and ran it in for a touchdown.
Illinois then held the Gophers four times at the Illini 26 with less than two minutes to play.
Cobb finished with 118 yards and two touchdowns on 22 carries. But Illinois held him in check for almost three quarters.
The Illini defense came into the game giving up 484.6 yards and 35.9 points a game.
Illinois led 14-0 in the first quarter. But the Gophers (6-2, 3-1) put up 21 third-quarter points to take the lead.
Story source: AP
Gametracker stats at Fighting Illini.com
illini football
Wisconsin Badgers Hold Off Illini, 38-28
Illini Fall At Home To Purdue, 38-27
Illini Come Back To Knock Off W. Kentucky, 42-34
Illini, Lunt Survive Youngstown Scare, 28-17
UI Football Coach Beckman Returning In 2014


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Working as a personal assistant can be rewarding, challenging and varied as well as offering flexible working patterns to suit your other commitments.
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text:
Цецина Децій Агінацій Альбін (; д/н — після 426) — державний діяч часів Західної Римської імперії. Сприяв відродженню Риму після його падіння в 410 році

Життєпис
Походив зі знатного роду Цейоніїв-Деціїв. Син Цеціни Деція Фауста Альбіна, міського префекта Риму 402 року, та Агінації. Зробив гарну кар'єру, ставши сенатором. 410 року зумів пережити захоплення Риму вестготським королем Аларіхом.

Потім спільно зі своїм другом Клавдієм Рутилієм Намаціаном багато зусиль доклав для відновлення Риму. у 414 році стає міським перфектом Риму. 415 року передав цю посаду Намаціану, у 416 року після того, як останній залишив Італію, Альбін знову став міським префектом. Під час обох каденцій відновив терми Деція на Авентинському пагорбі. Також звертався до імператора Гонорія з прохання збільшити постачання зерна, оскільки в Римі почалося відновлюватися населення. 417 року передав цю посаду стриєчному брату Руфію Антонію Агріпнію Волузіану.

У 426 році знову стає міським префектом. Подальша доля невідома, можливо перебував на цій посаді до 428 року, коли передав її вдруге Руфію Антонію Агріпнію Волузіану. Збереглася його вілла, відома яе Сан-Вінченціно.

Родина
 Флавій Цецина Децій Василь, консул 463 року

Джерела
 Weber, «Albinus: The Living Memory of a Fifth-Century Personality», Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte, 38 (1989), p. 484
 Lizzi Testa, Rita, Senatori, popolo, papi: il governo di Roma al tempo dei Valentiniani, EDIPUGLIA, 2004, ISBN 88-7228-392-2, p. 287.

Міські префекти Риму
Цейонії
Деції


text:
Publisher: William Morrow & Company
Hardcover $26.99 $3.88
Compact Disc $19.99 remove
A New York Times Bestseller The revered New York Times bestselling author returns with a novel set in 1960s Baltimore that combines modern psychological insights with elements of classic noir, about a middle-aged housewife turned aspiring reporter who pursues the murder of a forgotten young woman. In 1966, Baltimore is a city of secrets that everyone seems to know--everyone, that is, except Madeline Maddie Schwartz. Last year, she was a happy, even pampered housewife. This year, she's bolted from her marriage of almost twenty years, determined to make good on her youthful ambitions to live a passionate, meaningful life. Maddie wants to matter, to leave her mark on a swiftly changing world. Drawing on her own secrets, she helps Baltimore police find a murdered girl--assistance that leads to a job at the city's afternoon newspaper, the Sta r. Working at the newspaper offers Maddie the opportunity to make her name, and she has found just the story to do it: Cleo Sherwood, a missing woman whose body was discovered in the fountain of a city park lake. If Cleo were white, every reporter in Baltimore would be clamoring to tell her story. Instead, her mysterious death receives only cursory mention in the daily newspapers, and no one cares when Maddie starts poking around in a young Black woman's life--except for Cleo's ghost, who is determined to keep her secrets and her dignity. Cleo scolds the ambitious Maddie: You're interested in my death, not my life. They're not the same thing. Maddie's investigation brings her into contact with people that used to be on the periphery of her life--a jewelry store clerk, a waitress, a rising star on the Baltimore Orioles, a patrol cop, a hardened female reporter, a lonely man in a movie theater. But for all her ambition and drive, Maddie often fails to see the people right in front of her. Her inability to look beyond her own needs will lead to tragedy and turmoil for all sorts of people--including Ferdie, the man who shares her bed, a police officer who is risking far more than Maddie can understand.
From the Back Cover The New York Times bestselling author returns with a novel set in 1960s Baltimore that combines modern psychological insights with elements of classic noir, about a housewife turned aspiring reporter who pursues the murder of a forgotten young woman In 1966, Baltimore is a city of secrets that everyone seems to know--everyone, that is, except Madeline Maddie Schwartz. Last year, she was a happy, even pampered housewife. This year, she's bolted from her marriage of almost twenty years, determined to make good on her youthful ambitions to live a passionate, meaningful life. Maddie wants to matter, to leave her mark on a swiftly changing world. Drawing on her own secrets, she helps Baltimore police find a murdered girl--assistance that leads to a job at the city's afternoon newspaper, the Star. Working at the newspaper offers Maddie the opportunity to make her name, and she has found just the story to do it: a missing black woman whose body was discovered in the fountain of a city park lake. Cleo Sherwood was a young black woman who liked to have a good time. No one seems to know or care why she was killed except Maddie--and the dead woman herself. Maddie sets out to find the truth about Cleo's life and death, but Cleo's ghost, privy to Maddie's poking and prying, wants to be left alone. Maddie's investigation brings her into contact with people who used to be on the periphery of her life--a jewelry store clerk, a waitress, a rising star on the Baltimore Orioles, a patrol cop, a hardened female reporter, a lonely man in a movie theater. But for all her ambition and drive, Maddie may fail to see the people right in front of her. Her inability to look beyond her own needs could lead to tragedy and turmoil for all sorts of people--including the man who shares her bed, a black police officer who cares for Maddie more than she knows.
From the front Cover The New York Times bestselling author returns with a novel set in 1960s Baltimore that combines modern psychological insights with elements of classic noir, about a housewife turned aspiring reporter who pursues the murder of a forgotten young woman In 1966, Baltimore is a city of secrets that everyone seems to know--everyone, that is, except Madeline Maddie Schwartz. Last year, she was a happy, even pampered housewife. This year, she's bolted from her marriage of almost twenty years, determined to make good on her youthful ambitions to live a passionate, meaningful life. Maddie wants to matter, to leave her mark on a swiftly changing world. Drawing on her own secrets, she helps Baltimore police find a murdered girl--assistance that leads to a job at the city's afternoon newspaper, the Star. Working at the newspaper offers Maddie the opportunity to make her name, and she has found just the story to do it: a missing black woman whose body was discovered in the fountain of a city park lake. Cleo Sherwood was a young black woman who liked to have a good time. No one seems to know or care why she was killed except Maddie--and the dead woman herself. Maddie sets out to find the truth about Cleo's life and death, but Cleo's ghost, privy to Maddie's poking and prying, wants to be left alone. Maddie's investigation brings her into contact with people who used to be on the periphery of her life--a jewelry store clerk, a waitress, a rising star on the Baltimore Orioles, a patrol cop, a hardened female reporter, a lonely man in a movie theater. But for all her ambition and drive, Maddie may fail to see the people right in front of her. Her inability to look beyond her own needs could lead to tragedy and turmoil for all sorts of people--including the man who shares her bed, a black police officer who cares for Maddie more than she knows. --Anna Quindlen, New York Times bestselling author
Other suspense books you might enjoy
The Silent Patient
A J Finn
The Evening and the Morning
If It Bleeds
Camino Island
The Hunting Party
Lucy Foley
The All Souls Trilogy Boxed Set
Deborah Harkness
The Last Flight
Julie Clark


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Welcome to Cannabis Therapy, a website that strives to promote the benefits associated with medical grade cannabis oil.
It all started when the Cannabis Therapy founders met a little boy called Oscar. Oscar was diagnosed with Autism and his parents found that by including medical grade CBD oil in his diet, his overall ability to deal with day by day tasks was dramatically improved.
The founders of Cannabis Therapy decided that they had a duty to spread the message, and alert other parents, about the natural safe therapy options that exist out there, and that further awareness about the health benefits of medical grade cannabis oil should be brought to light and easily accessible to patients seeking natural alternative treatment options.
Cannabis Therapy prides itself on being a forum where medically-relevant articles are written and uploaded weekly. We aim to highlight the benefits of introducing medical grade cannabis products into a patient's diet. Our team of medical professionals wants to spread awareness about the wonders of cannabis oil and other cannabis products which can heal countless ailments naturally and in many cases without the ugly side effects that are associated with the conventional pharmaceutical medication.
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Cannabis Therapy today comprises an expert team of medical professionals who have experience in successfully treating a whole range of serious illnesses. These include all forms of cancer, Alzheimer's Disease, epilepsy, diabetes and multiple sclerosis to name but a few.
The entire Cannabis Therapy team has one clear goal in mind: to work effortlessly to help all our patients achieve a substantially better quality of life. We aim to do this by providing quality cannabis oil products, rich in CBD and other cannabinoids currently available in South Africa. We also strive to educate our clients about the benefits of these products, spreading awareness about alternative natural therapies available in our country.
Cannabis Therapy is based in Somerset West. Our products are available nationally and couriered door to door (no additional costs involved). Please fill in the contact form in order to find out more about our products and services.


text:
X-FAB Silicon Foundries (dt. X-FAB Halbleiterwerke) ist ein börsennotierter Betreiber von Halbleiter-Foundries. Der formale Sitz der Konzern-Holding X-FAB Silicon Foundries SE ist Tessenderlo in Belgien, während sich die operative Zentrale X-FAB Semiconductor Foundries GmbH im Erfurter Industriegebiet Südost zwischen Melchendorf und Windischholzhausen befindet. Haupttätigkeitsfeld ist die Herstellung von kundenspezifischen integrierten Analog- und Mixed-Signal-Schaltkreisen v. a. für die Automobilindustrie, für die Luft- und Raumfahrtindustrie und sonstige industrielle Anwendungen. Insbesondere die Produktion von Hochvoltschaltkreisen bis zu 700 V steht dabei im Vordergrund. Dabei fertigt X-FAB Schaltkreise mit Strukturgrößen von 1,0 µm bis 130 nm auf 6- und 8-Zoll-Wafern (2020).
Zusätzlich zur Herstellung von ICs nimmt die Produktion von MEMS in den letzten Jahren ein immer größeres Volumen ein. Mittlerweile bietet die Foundry in Lubbock die Möglichkeit, 6-Zoll-Wafer aus Siliziumkarbid (SiC) zu prozessieren.

Geschichte

Das Unternehmen ging aus Teilen des ehemaligen DDR-Halbleiter-Kombinats VEB Mikroelektronik Karl Marx (Kombinat Mikroelektronik Erfurt) hervor, das seit 1989 seinen Hauptsitz und einige Fertigungsstätten in Erfurt hatte. Das 1978 gebildete Kombinat war ein Zusammenschluss von Halbleiterherstellern der DDR an verschiedenen Standorten, darunter bis 1986 auch das Zentrum Mikroelektronik Dresden (ZMD).

Infolge der deutschen Wiedervereinigung erfolgte die Zerschlagung des Kombinats sowie eine teilweise Privatisierung der Einzelbetriebe. Die Einrichtungen in Erfurt wurden 1992 unter anderem in die X-FAB Gesellschaft zur Fertigung von Wafern mbH (Fertigung) – als ein Teil des Unternehmens Melexis N.V. – sowie die Thesys Gesellschaft für Mikroelektronik mbH (Entwurf) teilprivatisiert. Beide wurden zusammen 1999 an das belgische Unternehmen ELEX N.V. verkauft (vorheriger Eigentümer war zum Teil der Freistaat Thüringen).

Die Fertigung von ZMD in Dresden wurde 2007 übernommen. Die Halbleiterfabrik in Plymouth, Großbritannien, wurde im Dezember 2009 an Plus Semi (seit 2010 Plessey Semiconductors) verkauft. 2016 übernahm X-Fab die insolvente Firma Altis Semiconductor in Frankreich.

X-Fab verfügt über 6 Fertigungsstätten, welche sich in Deutschland (Erfurt, Dresden und Itzehoe), Frankreich (Corbeil-Essonnes), Malaysia (Kuching) und in den USA (Lubbock) befinden. Das Werk in Itzehoe ist eine Ausgründung des Fraunhofer-Instituts für Siliziumtechnologie. Die Gruppe beschäftigt weltweit etwa 3.800 Mitarbeiter und erwirtschaftete 2007 einen Umsatz von 299,3 Mio. Euro. 2009 waren es nur noch 210,5 Mio. US-Dollar (151,1 Mio. Euro), 2010 dann 317 Mio. US-Dollar (222,4 Mio. Euro). Chief Executive Officer war bis 2014 für 22 Jahre Hans-Jürgen Straub, der von dem Belgier Rudi de Winter abgelöst wurde.

Weblinks
 Geschichte des Kombinates VEB Mikroelektronik "Karl Marx" Erfurt
 Börsengang bringt Halbleiterkonzern X-FAB 400 Millionen Euro, auf Finanzen.net vom 6. April 2017

Einzelnachweise

Hardwarehersteller (Deutschland)
Foundry
Unternehmen im CAC Small
Unternehmen im Next 150
Produzierendes Unternehmen (Erfurt)
Produzierendes Unternehmen (Belgien)
Produzierendes Unternehmen (Dresden)
Tessenderlo
Unternehmen (Provinz Limburg, Belgien)


Wall Street gave a thumbs up to the possible sale of Las Vegas Sands Corp.'s casino in Pennsylvania, although a definitive transaction is just speculation.
Bloomberg News Service, citing sources "with knowledge of the situation," reported Thursday that Las Vegas Sands is shopping the Sands Bethlehem Casino for at least $1 billion.
The casino, built on the site of the closed Bethlehem Steel Mill, is the state's second-largest gaming revenue producer with $438 million in 2012, according to gaming regulators.
However, Bloomberg reported a deal is far from being finalized.
Union Gaming Group Managing Director Bill Lerner said in a research note the casino is the fastest growing property in the state, with total gaming revenue up 16.1 percent in 2012.
Sands Bethlehem benefits from its close proximity to New York City – roughly 80 miles and the regional casino generates a significant amount of its table game revenue from Asian customers.
Lerner credited the casino's targeted marketing efforts.
"News of a potential sale doesn't come as a complete surprise, given the property has been rumored to be on the market for some time," Lerner said.
KDP Investment Advisor gaming analyst Barbara Cappaert told the firm's clients a sale made sense for Las Vegas Sands.
The casino provides the least amount of cash flow and revenues for the company. Las Vegas Sands collects almost 80 percent of its cash flow and revenues from its properties in Macau and Singapore.
Cappaert suggested Las Vegas Sands might be looking for additional funding to pursue a $4 billion to $5 billion casino development in either Toronto, Spain or Japan.
Sands Bethlehem opened in 2009 and includes a 300-room hotel, a shopping mall and an entertainment venue.
Shares of Las Vegas Sands closed at $52.22 Friday, up 34 cents, or 0.66 percent, on the New York Stock Exchange.


text:
O Túnel da Baía de Sydney é um túnel construído entre 1988 e 1992 na Baía de Sydney com o objetivo de desafogar o tráfego na Ponte da Baía de Sydney. O túnel conecta Warringah Freeway à Cahill Expressway. Em 2005 o túnel registrou um tráfego de 86800 veículos por dia.

Baia Sydney
Construções de Sydney
Transportes de Sydney
Baia Sydney


Otherwise known as Pro Evolution Soccer, PES 2019 brings together a host of striking visual elements alongside truly realistic player movements. The end result of this synergy is that players will become fully immersed within any match. Some unique features include resolutions that support 4K HDR playback, eleven new player traits to choose from, additional "myClub" content and the possibility to play as a manager. Whether you are a die-hard football fan or you have just begun to take in interest in this sport, PES 2019 is a worthwhile consideration.
PES 2019 provides several additional features which can be unlocked such as the possibility of obtaining players on loan and contract lengths of different weeks. As you may have already imagined, this game offers a multiplayer mode as well as full controller support. A strong Internet connection will be required.


A 27-year-old man who had stayed overnight with friends in a caravan was discovered dead the following morning, an inquest has heard.
Callum Sian Mays, a paper maker living in Wells, was found by his friends on Thursday, August 3 last year (2017) after he took excessive amounts of ketamine.
Avon coroner Myfanwy Buckeridge concluded an inquest in to his death in Flax Bourton today (February 27).
The court heard that the evening before Mr Mays' death he had gone to Greenbank View in Bristol to collect some headphones he believed he had left with his friend Laura Allen who had been living in a caravan in the area.
In a witness statement read to the court, Ms Allen recalled what happened that evening.
She said: "Callum came and knocked on the door of the caravan one evening. He had come to get his headphones back but I didn't have them.
Ms Allen invited him into the caravan and Mr Mays proceeded to tell her about how his life in Wells was going.
He then suggested they go to a nearby pub called The Queen's Head. The two went, along with Ms Allen's boyfriend and another.
While at the pub, Mr Mays suggested they take some ketamine.
The friends had some food and then went to sleep shortly afterwards.
When they woke in the morning, Ms Allen noticed that the caravan was moving.
She said: "The supporting leg had broken. The boys went outside to try and fix it. At this point I noticed Callum was not breathing.
The friends then tried to lift Mr Mays out of the caravan window so that he could receive CPR, but it was too late.
Mr Mays did not have a history of health problems. The court heard that his doctor, Andrew Norman, had only very occasionally seen him in Wells.
In a statement read to the court on behalf of Dr Norman, he said: "He had no signs of significant health problems.
It was, however, a combination of factors that led to his death.
Concluding the inquest Ms Buckeridge said: "The evidence reveals the levels of ketamine in his blood are those normally associated with unconsciousness.
Ms Buckeridge stated that he had been found with 3.3 milligrams of ketamine per litre of blood in his body and 0.63 milligrams per litre of a substance associated with another illegal substance.
Recalling the events described by Ms Allen, she said: "After going to see another friend in Bristol he had returned to the caravan. He had said he was wasted.
"He went to the pub with his friends and they shared a wrap of ketamine between the four of them. Later they went to bed in the caravan.
"In the morning, after doing a number of activities, the friends discovered that Mr Mays was not breathing. His face was purple.
Ms Buckeridge concluded that there were no suspicious circumstances to Mr Mays' death.
She said: "Having heard the evidence his death was due to congestive heart failure and toxicity in the blood.
Ms Buckeridge concluded that the death had been a drug related.


Here's a really good example of someone proactively changing their career, mid-stream.
"I know there are countless interesting stories brewing in the battle between preserving the rural nature and allowing some development, or in the eclectic personalities that reside (in canyon communities) and the history those communities hold," Staggs said.
Also hired at the Register this month: former Los Angeles Business Journal reporter-editor Richard Clough. He joins an already impressive business team that includes Margot Roosevelt, Donna Wares and Pulitzer Prize winner David Ferrell. Congrats to both.


text:
Is It Too Soon to Date Again?
To move on after death or divorce, there's one crucial thing we all need
By Jill Smolowe
I still remember how awkward and uncertain I felt on that first date after Joe's death.
My husband of 24 years had been gone just four months and I was still in the gray fog of early grief. I also was lonely and in need of distraction not only from his death after battling leukemia but also from the failing health of my sister, who was battling stage 4 colon cancer.
I'd wandered anonymously onto Match.com to see how this cyberdating thing worked and struck up a boisterous phone relationship with a man who had a wickedly funny sense of humor. I was tantalized by his suggestion that we meet — and a bit horrified to think I could contemplate such a thing. In my head I apologized to Joe while I kept asking myself why I was doing this. The answer came back: survival.
I was clear that I was nowhere near ready to date seriously, let alone to partner. I simply wanted a pleasant evening out, something to look forward to, a reason to stand in front of the mirror and deliberate over which pair of jeans made my butt look best.
But would others regard my desire for diversion as an insult to Joe's memory? The last thing I wanted was for his family and the many other people who loved him to confuse my need for a night out with my love for Joe. So, at age 54, I did something I hadn't done in decades: I sought permission.
The Need for Permission
At the time I didn't articulate it to myself that way. I thought I was simply looking for guidance. Now I understand how the need for "permission" is keen when we are considering a move that feels unfamiliar or uncharacteristic. No matter how old we get, there's still that little kid in us who clings to the rules of the playground: Before you can take a giant step, you've got hear, "Yes, you may."
First, I ran the Match.com idea by my sister. "Go for it," she said. Then I called the younger of my two brothers. "I think it's great that you're trying to jumpstart your life," he responded.
Still uneasy, I crafted an anonymous email to George Bonanno, a grief expert whose book, The Other Side of Sadness, had rearranged my thinking about the trajectory of grief. "This is uneasy for me to admit: I already feel an inclination to date. I'm wondering if this is unusual," I wrote. "My sadness is with me all the time; but so is the desire to look toward a future."
The response came back: "It is actually very common for people to mourn a loved one but at the same time wish to move on," he graciously wrote to me. "I think we are wired to do that. The only problem seems to be when we worry too much that it is somehow not appropriate."
Guilty as charged, but still I needed further permission. What finally tilted me toward the go-for-it side of the fence was an observation by my oldest and dearest friend. "You haven't been grieving for just four months," she said. "You've been grieving since the day Joe was diagnosed." That felt exactly right.
One Date Was Enough
My date with Mr. Hilarity, however, did not feel exactly right. He wasn't my type, whatever that was, and I quickly realized I wasn't ready to date even though the prospect of spending the rest of my life alone frightened me (Who will talk to me? Who will listen to me? Who will care whether I come home at the end of the day?).
Still, that evening out served an important purpose. It quieted my anxiety and gave me hope that there would be a new life out there for me when I was ready.
Over the next two months, I raked and bagged leaves, turned Joe's office into mine and attended yoga classes. Meanwhile, I continued to seek out permission from a wider circle of friends and family.
I ran the idea of dating by my then-15-year-old daughter. "You are so not ready to date," she said. Then came a reprieve a few days later: "You can date, but I don't want to wake up and discover someone in your bed."
During lunch with a friend, I mentioned that I was thinking about dating. She relayed my words to a mutual friend, who shot me an e-mail: "Is it true you are ready to date??"
"I just want to get out," I typed back. "Sitting home breeds dismal thoughts."
Though my words suggested confidence, the exchange heightened my hesitation. Those double-barreled question marks reinforced my concern that I might unwittingly inflict pain on friends and family.
Yes, You May
A month later, at the December meeting of my writers group, we honored our year-end tradition of hoisting glasses of champagne and offering brief statements about our professional and personal goals for the year ahead. When it came my turn, I said I wanted to get back to writing. Polite applause.
On the personal side, I said, I wanted to start dating. That drew enthusiastic gasps. Yes! I heard in their enthusiastic affirmation. Go for it! Though they couldn't have known it, and I didn't realize it until years later, their generous, spontaneous response finally gave me the permission I needed. That New Year's Day, I sat down and crafted a proper Match.com profile, photo and all.
Six years later, I am married to a man I met just weeks after posting that profile.
And I see with greater appreciation how fortunate I was to have family and friends who were eager to provide the permission I so keenly needed to propel my life forward.
For those of you out there who, like me, have had your hearts broken (a death, a divorce, a misfortunate choice of partner) and are hesitant to take that first tentative step toward the someday future you know you want, I extend to you the gift so many gave me: permission. Yes, you may.
Jill Smolowe is the author of "Four Funerals and a Wedding: Resilience in a Time of Grief." To learn more about her book and her grief and divorce coaching, visit jillsmolowe.com. Read More