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The Ontario Neurodegenerative Disease Research Initiative (ONDRI)
Sali M. K. Farhan, Robert Bartha, Sandra E. Black, Dale Corbett, Elizabeth Finger, Morris Freedman, Barry Greenberg, David A. Grimes, Robert A. Hegele, Chris Hudson, Peter W. Kleinstiver, Anthony E. Lang, Mario Masellis, William E. McIlroy, Paula M. McLaughlin, Manuel Montero-Odasso, David G. Munoz, Douglas P. Munoz, Stephen Strother, Richard H. Swartz, Sean Symons, Maria Carmela Tartaglia, Lorne Zinman, ONDRI Investigators, Michael J. Strong
Journal: Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Volume 44 / Issue 2 / March 2017
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 22 December 2016, pp. 196-202
Print publication: March 2017
Because individuals develop dementia as a manifestation of neurodegenerative or neurovascular disorder, there is a need to develop reliable approaches to their identification. We are undertaking an observational study (Ontario Neurodegenerative Disease Research Initiative [ONDRI]) that includes genomics, neuroimaging, and assessments of cognition as well as language, speech, gait, retinal imaging, and eye tracking. Disorders studied include Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, frontotemporal dementia, Parkinson's disease, and vascular cognitive impairment. Data from ONDRI will be collected into the Brain-CODE database to facilitate correlative analysis. ONDRI will provide a repertoire of endophenotyped individuals that will be a unique, publicly available resource.
Salience and Default Mode Network Coupling Predicts Cognition in Aging and Parkinson's Disease
Deepti Putcha, Robert S. Ross, Alice Cronin-Golomb, Amy C. Janes, Chantal E. Stern
Journal: Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society / Volume 22 / Issue 2 / February 2016
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 18 February 2016, pp. 205-215
Print publication: February 2016
Objectives: Cognitive impairment is common in Parkinson's disease (PD). Three neurocognitive networks support efficient cognition: the salience network, the default mode network, and the central executive network. The salience network is thought to switch between activating and deactivating the default mode and central executive networks. Anti-correlated interactions between the salience and default mode networks in particular are necessary for efficient cognition. Our previous work demonstrated altered functional coupling between the neurocognitive networks in non-demented individuals with PD compared to age-matched control participants. Here, we aim to identify associations between cognition and functional coupling between these neurocognitive networks in the same group of participants. Methods: We investigated the extent to which intrinsic functional coupling among these neurocognitive networks is related to cognitive performance across three neuropsychological domains: executive functioning, psychomotor speed, and verbal memory. Twenty-four non-demented individuals with mild to moderate PD and 20 control participants were scanned at rest and evaluated on three neuropsychological domains. Results: PD participants were impaired on tests from all three domains compared to control participants. Our imaging results demonstrated that successful cognition across healthy aging and Parkinson's disease participants was related to anti-correlated coupling between the salience and default mode networks. Individuals with poorer performance scores across groups demonstrated more positive salience network/default-mode network coupling. Conclusions: Successful cognition relies on healthy coupling between the salience and default mode networks, which may become dysfunctional in PD. These results can help inform non-pharmacological interventions (repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation) targeting these specific networks before they become vulnerable in early stages of Parkinson's disease. (JINS, 2016, 22, 205–215)
A high-cholesterol diet enriched with polyphenols from Oriental plums (Prunus salicina) improves cognitive function and lowers brain cholesterol levels and neurodegenerative-related protein expression in mice
Ping-Hui Kuo, Ching-I Lin, Yue-Hwa Chen, Wan-Chun Chiu, Shyh-Hsiang Lin
Journal: British Journal of Nutrition / Volume 113 / Issue 10 / 28 May 2015
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 13 April 2015, pp. 1550-1557
Print publication: 28 May 2015
Ageing accompanied by a decline in cognitive performance may be a result of the long-term effects of oxidative stress on neurologic processes. It has been shown that high-cholesterol contents in the blood and brain may lead to the deposition of the β-amyloid (Aβ) protein in the brain, which damages brain cells. The present study was designed to observe the effect of polyphenol-rich Oriental plums on cognitive function and cerebral neurodegeneration-related protein expression in mice that were fed a high-cholesterol diet for 5 months. The study consisted of four groups: the control (Ctrl) group, which was fed the American Institute of Nutrition (AIN)-93M diet; the high cholesterol (HC) group, which was fed the AIN-93M diet with 5 % cholesterol; the high cholesterol+low Oriental plum (LOP) group, which was fed the AIN-93M diet with 5 % cholesterol and 2 % Oriental plum powder; and the high cholesterol+high Oriental plum (HOP) group, which was fed the AIN-93M diet with 5 % cholesterol and 5 % Oriental plum powder. Measurements of cognitive function were assessed using the Morris water maze, and the mRNA expression of cholesterol hydroxylase (Cyp46), Aβ and β-secretase 1 (BACE1) were analysed. The results showed that cholesterol concentrations in both the blood and the brain were significantly higher in the HC group than in the Ctrl and HOP groups at the end of the trial. The high-cholesterol diet per se produced significant cognitive deficits, which were accompanied by a significantly increased mRNA expression of Cyp46, BACE1, Aβ and 24-hydroxycholesterol in the brain cortex and hippocampus. However, all of these variables were non-significantly increased in the HOP group as compared to the Ctrl group. In conclusion, incorporating polyphenol-enriched Oriental plum into a high-cholesterol diet can ameliorate some of the symptoms of neurodegenerative conditions.
Thrombin Causes Neuronal Atrophy and Acute but not Chronic Cell Death
Jayalakshmi Caliaperumal, Sonia Brodie, Yonglie Ma, Frederick Colbourne
Journal: Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Volume 41 / Issue 6 / November 2014
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 10 November 2014, pp. 714-720
Print publication: November 2014
Background: Brain injury after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) arises from numerous contributors, of which some also play essential roles. Notably, thrombin production, needed to stop bleeding, also causes acute cell death and edema. In some rodent models of ICH, peri-hematoma neurons die over weeks. Hence we evaluated whether thrombin is responsible for this chronic degeneration. Functional impairments after ICH also result from sub-lethal damage to neurons, especially the loss of dendrites. Thus, we evaluated whether thrombin infusion alone, a reductionist model of ICH, causes similar injury. Methods : Adult rats had a modest intra-striatal infusion of thrombin (1 U) or saline followed by a behavioral test, to verify impairment, 7 days later. After this they were euthanized and tissue stained with Golgi-Cox solution to allow the assessment of dendritic morphology in striatal neurons. In a second experiment, rats survived 7 or 60 days after thrombin infusion in order to histologically determine lesion volume. Results: Thrombin caused early cell death and considerable atrophy in surviving peri-lesion neurons, which had less than half of their usual numbers of branches. However, total tissue loss was comparable at 7 (24.1 mm3) and 60 days (25.6 mm3). Conclusion: Thrombin infusion causes early cell death and neuronal atrophy in nearby surviving striatal neurons but thrombin does not cause chronic tissue loss. Thus, the chronic degeneration found after ICH in rats is not simply and solely due to acute thrombin production. Nonetheless, thrombin is an important contributor to behavioral dysfunction because it causes cell death and substantial dendritic injury.
Air pollution and your brain: what do you need to know right now
Lilian Calderón-Garcidueñas, Ana Calderón-Garcidueñas, Ricardo Torres-Jardón, José Avila-Ramírez, Randy J. Kulesza, Amedeo D. Angiulli
Journal: Primary Health Care Research & Development / Volume 16 / Issue 4 / July 2015
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 26 September 2014, pp. 329-345
Research links air pollution mostly to respiratory and cardiovascular disease. The effects of air pollution on the central nervous system (CNS) are not broadly recognized. Urban outdoor pollution is a global public health problem particularly severe in megacities and in underdeveloped countries, but large and small cities in the United States and the United Kingom are not spared. Fine and ultrafine particulate matter (UFPM) defined by aerodynamic diameter (<2.5-μm fine particles, PM2.5, and <100-nm UFPM) pose a special interest for the brain effects given the capability of very small particles to reach the brain. In adults, ambient pollution is associated to stroke and depression, whereas the emerging picture in children show significant systemic inflammation, immunodysregulation at systemic, intratechal and brain levels, neuroinflammation and brain oxidative stress, along with the main hallmarks of Alzheimer and Parkinson's diseases: hyperphosphorilated tau, amyloid plaques and misfolded α-synuclein. Animal models exposed to particulate matter components show markers of both neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Epidemiological, cognitive, behavioral and mechanistic studies into the association between air pollution exposures and the development of CNS damage particularly in children are of pressing importance for public health and quality of life. Primary health providers have to include a complete prenatal and postnatal environmental and occupational history to indoor and outdoor toxic hazards and measures should be taken to prevent or reduce further exposures.
Preclinical Alzheimer's disease
P Gil-Gregorio, R Yubero-Pancorbo
Journal: Reviews in Clinical Gerontology / Volume 24 / Issue 2 / May 2014
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 20 March 2014, pp. 117-121
Print publication: May 2014
Recently, diagnostic criteria for preclinical Alzheimer's disease have been proposed. These describe and define three stages of disease. Stage I is focused on asymptomatic cerebral amyloidosis. Stage II includes evidence of synaptic dysfunction and/or early degeneration. Finally, stage III of the disease is characterized by the beginning of cognitive decline.
Current insights into the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease: selecting targets for early therapeutic intervention
Harald Hampel
Journal: International Psychogeriatrics / Volume 24 / Issue S1 / August 2012
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 12 July 2012, pp. S10-S17
Print publication: August 2012
The development of therapies for Alzheimer's disease (AD) presents numerous challenges for physicians, researchers, and the pharmaceutical industry, with many drug candidates showing promise at one stage of clinical research only to fall at the next hurdle. A great number of drugs with a variety of targets and clusters of mechanisms are currently in various stages of basic and clinical investigation. However, these hypothesis-derived agents may be tested much too late in the chronically progressive disease process to demonstrate meaningful effects or outcomes, mirroring the clinical syndromal scenario in which the underlying pathophysiological disease condition is frequently diagnosed extremely late. Moreover, the complexity of the disease calls for developments and improvements in study designs and methods modeled for different target populations and disease stages (e.g. asymptomatic to prodromal to syndromal). New integrated concepts and models of disease pathophysiology, use of validated and qualified biomarkers, outcomes and endpoints, particularly the development of a surrogate outcome, may allow targeting of characteristic mechanism-derived therapies of specifically affected biological systems at different time-points in the disease process, providing increasing opportunities for early and preventative intervention. A core set of feasible diagnostic and predictive biomarkers is already validated and in the process of standardization; however, continued and intensified research efforts will likely reveal a variety of novel biomarkers that grasp the complexity of the underlying disease process. In the future, trials of drugs to modify and prevent AD may embrace enrichment strategies and maybe be stratified by disease stage, genetic factors as well as by disease endophenotypes.
Chapter 10 - Ambulatory and patient-controlled epidural analgesia
By M Gros, B J Morrell
Edited by Ian McConachie, University of Western Ontario
Book: Controversies in Obstetric Anesthesia and Analgesia
Print publication: 17 November 2011, pp 131-139
Over the last decade there has been an explosion of literature published on the neuroapoptosis induced by anesthetic drugs in animals and the potential impact this may have on fetuses, neonates, and infants. The period of brain growth when synaptic differentiation occurs, also called synaptogenesis, occurs from the sixth month of gestation to 24 months after birth in humans. The teratogenicity of a substance is multifactorial and includes species susceptibility, dose, duration and timing of exposure, and genetic predisposition. Anesthetics have been shown to cause apoptosis in numerous cell types as well as cause neurotoxicity in a concentration- and time-dependent manner in in-vitro and in-vivo models, and mechanisms have been proposed based on the receptor activity of the anesthetic agents. In an extensive review on the effects of general anesthetics on developing brain structure and neurocognitive function, the evidence for individual anesthetic agents causing neurodegeneration and functional impairment was discussed.
41 - T-cell-based therapies for multiple sclerosis
from Section III - Clinical trials of multiple sclerosis therapies
By Tanuja Chitnis, Samia J. Khoury
Edited by Jeffrey A. Cohen, Richard A. Rudick
Book: Multiple Sclerosis Therapeutics
Print publication: 20 October 2011, pp 472-482
Initial use of alemtuzumab in multiple sclerosis (MS) was in patients with secondary progressive disease. Just as the efficacy experience of alemtuzumab generated some novel concepts of MS biology, such as the possibility of neuroprotective autoimmunity, so too has exploration of its adverse effects. The most significant adverse effect of alemtuzumab is secondary autoimmunity. A straightforward conclusion from the experience of using alemtuzumab, both open-label and within trials, is that it has the potential to be one of the most efficacious treatments of MS to date. A key lesson from the history of alemtuzumab treatment of MS has been that the disease is only vulnerable to such anti-inflammatory treatments early in its course, before the conditions that predispose to neurodegeneration, and secondary progression, have been set up. The finding of disability improvement after alemtuzumab suggests a new treatment paradigm in MS. There is no signal that alemtuzumab causes neoplasia.
Flavonoids: modulators of brain function?
Jeremy P. E. Spencer
Journal: British Journal of Nutrition / Volume 99 / Issue E-S1 / May 2008
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 01 May 2008, pp. ES60-ES77
Emerging evidence suggests that dietary phytochemicals, in particular flavonoids, may exert beneficial effects on the central nervous system by protecting neurons against stress-induced injury, by suppressing neuroinflammation and by improving cognitive function. It is likely that flavonoids exert such effects, through selective actions on different components of a number of protein kinase and lipid kinase signalling cascades, such as the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt, protein kinase C and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. This review explores the potential inhibitory or stimulatory actions of flavonoids within these pathways, and describes how such interactions are likely to underlie neurological effects through their ability to affect the activation state of target molecules and/or by modulating gene expression. Future research directions are outlined in relation to the precise site(s) of action of flavonoids within signalling pathways and the sequence of events that allow them to regulate neuronal function.
Reactive astrocytosis and glial glutamate transporter clustering are early changes in a spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 transgenic mouse model
Roberto Giovannoni, Nicola Maggio, Maria Rosaria Bianco, Carlo Cavaliere, Giovanni Cirillo, Marialuisa Lavitrano, Michele Papa
Journal: Neuron Glia Biology / Volume 3 / Issue 4 / November 2007
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 07 July 2008, pp. 335-351
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by an expanded CAG trinucleotide repeats within the coding sequence of the ataxin-1 protein. In the present study, we used a conditional transgenic mouse model of SCA1 to investigate very early molecular and morphological changes related to the behavioral phenotype. In mice with neural deficits detected by rotarod performance, and simultaneous spatial impairments in exploratory activity and uncoordinated gait, we observed both significant altered expression and patchy distribution of excitatory amino acids transporter 1. The molecular changes observed in astroglial compartments correlate with changes in synapse morphology; synapses have a dramatic reduction of the synaptic area external to the postsynaptic density. By contrast, Purkinje cells demonstrate preserved structure. In addition, severe reactive astrocytosis matches changes in the glial glutamate transporter and synapse morphology. We propose these morpho-molecular changes are the cause of altered synaptic transmission, which, in turn, determines the onset of the neurological symptoms by altering the synaptic transmission in the cerebellar cortex of transgenic animals. This model might be suitable for testing drugs that target activated glial cells in order to reduce CNS inflammation.
The effects of aging, injury and disease on microglial function: a case for cellular senescence
Kelly R. Miller, Wolfgang J. Streit
Journal: Neuron Glia Biology / Volume 3 / Issue 3 / August 2007
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 24 April 2008, pp. 245-253
Neuroinflammation resulting from chronic reactive microgliosis is thought to contribute to age-related neurodegeneration, as well as age-related neurodegenerative diseases, specifically Alzheimer's disease (AD). Support of this theory comes from studies reporting a progressive, age-associated increase in microglia with an activated phenotype. Although the underlying cause(s) of this microglial reactivity is idiopathic, an accepted therapeutic strategy for the treatment of AD is inhibition of microglial activation using anti-inflammatory agents. Although the effectiveness of anti-inflammatory treatment for AD remains equivocal, microglial inhibition is being tested as a potential treatment for additional neurodegenerative disorders including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Parkinson's disease. Given the important and necessary functions of microglia in normal brain, careful evaluation of microglial function in the aged brain is a necessary first step in targeting more precise treatment strategies for aging-related neurodegenerative diseases. Studies from our laboratory have shown multiple age-related changes in microglial morphology and function that are suggestive of cellular senescence. In this manuscript, we review current knowledge of microglia in the aging brain and present new, unpublished work that further supports the theory that microglia experience an age-related decline in proliferative function as a result of cellular senescence.
Anesthesia for patients with pantothenate-kinase-associated neurodegeneration (Hallervorden-Spatz disease) – a literature review
Jochen Hinkelbein, Armin Kalenka, Markus Alb
Journal: Acta Neuropsychiatrica / Volume 18 / Issue 3-4 / June 2006
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 24 June 2014, pp. 168-172
Print publication: June 2006
Hallervorden-Spatz disease (HSD) is a rare, progressive neurodegenerative disorder; the new and preferred name for HSD is 'pantothenate-kinase-associated neurodegeneration' (PKAN). Other suggested names are 'neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation type 1' or 'infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy'. Patients with PKAN have many complications, which lead to numerous anesthetic management challenges. Reports concerning the anesthetic management of patients with PKAN are very limited.
To determine the anesthetic management and techniques as well as relevant complications for patients with PKAN.
In this study, we review previously published literature regarding the anesthesia-relevant clinical symptoms, the anesthetic management and techniques, and possible complications for this disorder.
Only four studies describing the anesthetic management and anesthetic techniques in patients with PKAN were found. Anesthesia-relevant symptoms influence the preanesthetic management (eg difficulties in articulation, dementia), the induction of anesthesia (eg oromandibular rigidity, seizures, dysphagia, aspiration) and the postoperative care (eg respiratory disability).
Reports concerning the anesthetic management of patients with PKAN are very limited, possibly as a result of the rareness of the disorder. Like many other patients with neurodegenerative diseases, patients with PKAN have many anesthesia-relevant symptoms, leading to numerous anesthetic management challenges. In general, the anesthetic complications associated with PKAN are usually no different from those associated with other neurodegenerative diseases, and the management of these are usually concordant.
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (motor neuron disease): proposed mechanisms and pathways to treatment
Emily F. Goodall, Karen E. Morrison
Journal: Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine / Volume 8 / Issue 11 / 24 May 2006
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 24 May 2006, pp. 1-22
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder characterised by loss of motor neurons. The cause of disease is unknown other than in the rare cases of familial disease arising from mutations in the superoxide dismutase 1 gene. Many theories for pathogenesis have been proposed – including oxidative stress, excitotoxicity, mitochondrial dysfunction and abnormal protein aggregation – based on studies of human post mortem tissue, research on animal models, and in vitro work. Here we review the evidence for the main pathogenic mechanisms and outline how they might interact to cause motor neuron death. Clinical trials have as yet failed to identify any truly effective therapies in ALS, with only riluzole providing a modest improvement in survival. Ongoing trials are exploring the value of antiglutamatergic agents, including the cephalosporin antibiotic ceftriaxone, as well as antioxidants, mitochondrial enhancers and anti-apoptotic drugs. It is likely that effective therapy will involve combinations of agents acting on different mechanisms. Gene therapy with neurotrophic factors will soon be in clinical trials, while work on stem cell therapy remains preclinical. In addition to finding effective therapies, research also needs to identify early disease markers because therapy is likely to be of most benefit when given early in the course of disease.
Early Phase Trials of Minocycline in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Paul H. Gordon, Joseph Choi, Dan H. Moore, Robert G. Miller
Journal: Progress in Neurotherapeutics and Neuropsychopharmacology / Volume 1 / Issue 1 / January 2006
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 15 February 2006, pp. 63-77
Print publication: January 2006
Inherited glaucoma in DBA/2J mice: Pertinent disease features for studying the neurodegeneration
RICHARD T. LIBBY, MICHAEL G. ANDERSON, IOK-HOU PANG, ZACHARY H. ROBINSON, OLGA V. SAVINOVA, I. MIHAI COSMA, AMY SNOW, LAWRISTON A. WILSON, RICHARD S. SMITH, ABBOT F. CLARK, SIMON W.M. JOHN
Journal: Visual Neuroscience / Volume 22 / Issue 5 / September 2005
Print publication: September 2005
The glaucomas are neurodegenerative diseases involving death of retinal ganglion cells and optic nerve head excavation. A major risk factor for this neurodegeneration is a harmfully elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). Human glaucomas are typically complex, progressive diseases that are prevalent in the elderly. Family history and genetic factors are clearly important in human glaucoma. Mouse studies have proven helpful for investigating the genetic and mechanistic basis of complex diseases. We previously reported inherited, age-related progressive glaucoma in DBA/2J mice. Here, we report our updated findings from studying the disease in a large number of DBA/2J mice. The period when mice have elevated IOP extends from 6 months to 16 months, with 8–9 months representing an important transition to high IOP for many mice. Optic nerve degeneration follows IOP elevation, with the majority of optic nerves being severely damaged by 12 months of age. This information should help with the design of experiments, and we present the data in a manner that will be useful for future studies of retinal ganglion cell degeneration and optic neuropathy.
Rare genetically defined causes of dementia
K. E. Novakovic, V. L. Villemagne, C. C. Rowe, C. L. Masters
Journal: International Psychogeriatrics / Volume 17 / Issue s1 / September 2005
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 08 September 2005, pp. S149-S194
Several genetic disorders, though rare, are associated or present with dementia. Developments in the field of genetics are contributing to clarify and expand our knowledge of the complex physiopathological mechanisms leading to neurodegeneration and cognitive decline. Disorders associated with misfolded and aggregated proteins and lipid, metal or energy metabolism are examples of the multifarious disease processes converging in the clinical features of dementia, either as its predominant feature, as in cases of Alzheimer's disease (AD) or frontotemporal dementia (FTD), or as part of a cohort of accompanying or late-developing symptoms, as in Parkinson's disease (PD) or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with dementia (ALS-D). Awareness of these disorders, allied with recent advances in genetic, biochemical and neuroimaging techniques, may lead to early diagnosis, successful treatment and better prognosis.
Huntington's disease: molecular basis of neurodegeneration
David C. Rubinsztein, Jenny Carmichael
Journal: Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine / Volume 5 / Issue 20 / 22 August 2003
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 13 February 2004, pp. 1-21
Print publication: 22 August 2003
Repeat expansion and autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorders: consensus and controversy
Dobrila D. Rudnicki, Russell L. Margolis
A multifaceted role for ATM in genome maintenance
Tej K. Pandita
Journal: Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine / Volume 5 / Issue 16 / 20 June 2003
Print publication: 20 June 2003
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It's a location that the GCU Men's Bowling team knows very well. It is where the Lopes will compete in the 2019 Intercollegiate Team Championships (ITC) Sectional Qualifier this weekend. It's the third straight year that the Lopes will compete in "Big D" for the chance to go to nationals.
It is especially important that the Lopes focus on 'making the spares' as they will face tough competition outside of collegiate club sports. They will also bowl against varsity bowling teams from the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (which comprises universities with smaller student body populations) and junior colleges from the National Junior College Athletic Association. It is important to note that this is the highest level of men's collegiate bowling as there is no NCAA Division I, II, or III equivalent.
Even though the Lopes are competing as a club team at the event, they can still make a run for a top finish at sectionals & automatic berth for nationals after finishing No. 7 of the Collegiate Club Team Bowling Men's Final Rankings. Only two other club teams that finished ahead of them last year are bowling at this event: No. 4 West Texas A&M and No. 6 San Jose State University. The Lopes are seeded No. 8.
Other noteworthy club teams competing at the event besides GCU include No. 11 University of Nevada-Las Vegas and the Lopes' in-state rival, No. 21 Arizona State University.
This bowling event will be a challenge for the Lopes, not only with the caliber of teams competing at the event, but also with the amount of bowling the Lopes will do. GCU will compete in exactly 64 Baker games. In a Baker game, five bowlers from one team bowl against five bowlers from the other team to equal one game.
The Lopes will face top teams from the 2018-2019 CollegeBowling.com's Week 19 rankings including No.3 McKendree University, No. 5 Wichita State University, and No. 14 Midland University. The Lopes are ranked No. 32 in the poll.
It's not just the opponents that will challenge the Lopes.
In order for the Lopes to make it past sectionals and qualify for the ITC Nationals taking place April 17-20 in Dayton, Ohio, they will need to finish in the top four of the tournament.
Interested in learning more or joining a GCU Club Sport? Follow us on Twitter or Instagram to get connected.


text:
FLORIDA VOICES Reform needed on rules that stifle snapper season
U.S. Sen. Marco Rubio
For several years, Florida's South Atlantic fishing communities have been suffering. Too many boats were docked and idle at local marinas instead of out at sea and fewer tourists were bound for these communities. It wasn't bad weather or a bad economy causing the sluggish seasons. The blame lies with the Department of Commerce.
For years, they have been cutting the federal fishing season for South Atlantic red snapper. And even now with the 2014 recreational season starting this weekend, Florida families and visiting tourists will have just eight days, spread across three weekends in July to catch their red snapper dinners. Our commercial fishermen will be limited to less than 52,000 pounds in their season that begins next week, a tiny fraction of years past.
As the Department of Commerce has been severely restricting or closing the federal season since 2010, fishermen out on the water have been catching red snapper and forced to throw them back.
None of this had to happen. The Department of Commerce does not have complete or updated data to justify the limited season. The last benchmark stock assessment was conducted in 2010, and the next assessment for the fishery was scheduled for 2013, but was later delayed to 2014.
While I appreciate the economic benefits this season will bring to the communities along the South Atlantic, I believe this season could have been even longer if our fisheries were managed based on reliable, real-time data. Instead, the shortened season has deprived weekend anglers of their red snapper dinners and threatened commercial operators' way of life.
Earlier this week, I wrote a letter to Administrator Kathryn Sullivan at the Department of Commerce, expressing my disappointment in the lack of an updated benchmark stock assessment that could provide the data necessary to extend the season. I also urged her to not delay the benchmark stock assessment any further and, as data from the season is collected, to extend the season if possible.
In the long term, Congress must reauthorize the Magnuson-Stevens Act and hold the Department of Commerce accountable by requiring it to consider all fishery data and make decisions based on sound science. We need to expand the management toolbox under the Magnuson-Stevens Act to avoid the management uncertainty that Floridians now face, resulting in dire economic consequences for consumers and businesses alike.
Because for every docked boat, vacant hotel room, and restaurant unable to put red snapper on the menu, South Atlantic communities are losing out economically — all because the Department of Commerce can't get its act together.
Although this short season will come and go, I will continue fighting against any misguided federal directives that threaten Floridians' way of life and our economic livelihoods. I wish all the South Atlantic's commercial and recreational anglers a successful red snapper season.
Rubio, of Miami, was speaker of the Florida House before being elected to the Senate in 2010.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Johnson Matthey silver bullion products, due to their long history in the marketplace, have achieved an esteemed reputation among investors. After being formed in the early nineteenth century, the Johnson and Matthey Corporation has grown to become a major British chemical company and a world leader in precious metals distribution. Simply put, there are no better names on the contemporary private precious metals landscape.
The front of the bar is stamped with "JOHNSON MATTHEY, ASSAYER AND REFINERS, FINE SILVER 999, 10 OUNCES TROY," as well as a unique serial number. In addition to the weight and purity, it also features the Johnson Matthey logo of two crossed mining hammers.
These secondary market bars are of the many different designs by Johnson Matthey, and may or may not be sealed in original plastic, display toning, or have light contact marks.
Great products, fast service and a great business to deal with. Thank you so much! This bar was exactly as described!
For every $1 spend, you will earn 1 Bullionaire Buck which is equivalent to $0.001 off a future purchase. 181 BB = $0.18.


The createdb is a shortcut for using Django's syncdb command and setting the initial migration state for South. You can alternatively use syncdb and migrate if preferred. South is automatically added to INSTALLED_APPS if settings.USE_SOUTH = True.
For information on how to add Mezzanine to an existing Django project, see the FAQs section of the documentation.
To report a security issue, please send an email privately to security@jupo.org. This gives us a chance to fix this issue and create an official release for it, prior to the issue being made public.


Orthopaedic Associates of Manhasset is a unique multi-specialty orthopaedic practice devoted to the diagnosis, treatment, rehabilitation, and prevention of conditions that affect the body's bones, muscles and joints. Since 1971, we have helped thousands of patients in New York City and Long Island overcome injury and return to an active lifestyle.
For your convenience, we offer on-site diagnostics and physical and occupational therapy so you don't have to travel to multiple locations to receive the care you need.
When you want unsurpassed care from a team of compassionate, world-class doctors, call Orthopaedic Associates of Manhasset in Great Neck, New York. We can be reached at (516) 627-8717 or you can request an appointment online.
Our board-certified, fellowship-trained orthopaedic surgeons utilize the latest technology and cutting-edge procedures to treat a broad spectrum of orthopaedic conditions, sports injuries, and work-related injuries. We have doctors who specialize in: Sports Medicine and Arthroscopic Surgery Hand and Wrist Injuries Foot and Ankle Injuries Joint Replacement and Revisions Trauma and Fracture Care Spine, Neck, and Back Pain Management For your convenience, we offer on-site diagnostics and physical and occupational therapy so you don't have to travel to multiple locations to receive the care you need.


Buy sitting down and getting in this content, it will open up up numerous avenues for you. You'll discover you experience several advantages when you teach oneself. When you want to get out there and get home furniture, you have to do your research. You can only enhance your searching knowledge by having the tips supplied listed here and utilizing it to your edge.
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text:
Policing Key Agenda in Government Discussions
Prime Minister Sogavare and the visiting Australian Senator, Ferriavanti-Wells in Honiara.
Source: pmpresssecretariat.com
Tuesday, 09 August 2016 08:23 AM
Solomon Islands Prime Minister, Hon Manasseh Sogavare yesterday met the visiting Australian Minister for International Development and the Pacific, Senator Concetta Ferriavante-Wells and further discussed the proposed Solomon Islands-Australia policing arrangement for the post RAMSI era.
The two leaders initially discussed the new policing arrangement when they first met at the margins of the 8th Australia-Solomon Islands Business Forum in Brisbane on the 22nd of July 2016.
When discussing this issue again with Prime Minister Sogavare today, Senator Ferriavante-Wells presented him an aid memoir that basically outlines the new policing arrangement.
She said whilst the 'nuts and bolts and language' of the proposed treaty are still subject to discussions between relevant officials of the Solomon Islands and Australian Governments, she deemed it would be helpful for Prime Minister Sogavare to start having a look at the terms of the agreement and the sort of assistance that Australia could provide Solomon Islands under this pact.
Senator Ferriavante-Wells added that Australia's assistance to Solomon Islands under the proposed policing arrangement would be separate to any assistance it might need to provide Solomon Islands should a 'particular crisis or a particular disaster issue' arise again in the future.
"There's really two components of this post RAMSI assistance and we are obviously conscious that you have your own national economic strategy and we want to make sure that how we continue to support you is in line with your priorities."
The Australian senator acknowledged RAMSI (Regional Assistance Mission to Solomon Islands) as a success story and the restoration of the Royal Solomon Islands Police force as one of the best police forces in the Pacific Region under the mentorship of RAMSI.
Senator Ferriavante-Wells added that one of the things that would be good for people to understand is that the success of RAMSI is largely due to its pacific regional involvement and this is a positive message.
She applauded Prime Minister Sogavare and the Solomon Islands Government for what she labeled as their tremendous support for RAMSI, adding that this strong level of support needs to be highlighted.
Commenting on the proposed policing arrangement between Solomon Islands and Australia, Prime Minister Sogavare said with the understanding that Australia is watching over Solomon Islands, the Solomon Islands Government should go about ensuring a conducive environment in Solomon Islands to attract more direct foreign investments.
He said looking at the bona-fide demands of the people of Guadalcanal, they are development-related and further added that the lack of opportunities in rural areas attracted a mass migration of Solomon Islanders from other provinces to Honiara.
Prime Minister Sogavare said with the restoration of law and order by RAMSI after the years of ethnic conflict and the new policing arrangement between Solomon Islands and Australia, the Solomon Islands Government should freely go about providing an environment conducive for greater economic development.
Prime Minister Sogavare also agreed with the remarks by Senator Ferriavanti-Wells describing RAMSI as a success story.
"Yes indeed RAMSI has been a success story. The Royal Solomon Islands is now back as one of the best police forces in the Pacific region. This has also been attested to me by other Pacific Police Commissioners when they were in Honiara and that gave me great pride."
Senator Ferriavanti-Wells also took the opportunity to inform Prime Minister Sogavare of the level of assistance that Australia would provide to Solomon Islands infrastructure and health sectors for the next four years.
As Senator Ferriavanti-Wells will be announcing the levels of these assistance during the course of her visit in Honiara, the Prime Minister's Press Secretariat has decided not provide any details.
Senator Ferriavanti-Wells' current visit to Honiara is her first official overseas engagement following the recent Australian elections.
Source:http://pmpresssecretariat.com/


We at Coating.co.nz are New Zealand's Coating Connection Service – We connect coating demand with coating supply. What this means is we are your gateway into the coating industry, and a helpful guide for navigating the many coating options for your project. We collaborate with our coating partners to provide helpful resources and assistance so that you can find the right coating for your project.
Whether you need an epoxy for industrial flooring, an innovative nano coating, or architectural powder coating, we have you covered. If you have a coating project and need to source the right coating, get in touch! It is as simple as clicking the "Request a Quote" button in our menu bar and taking advantage of our 100% free quotation service. We at Coating.co.nz look forward to hearing about your project.
If you have any coating questions or any coating topics you want to know more about be sure to contact us. Worldwide we work for hundreds of the best known paint and coating companies and our experts are ready to answer your questions and to make the best possible match for your coating needs in this complex industry.
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Coating.co.nz is powered by Ayold – The #1 coating specialist in New Zealand. We connect your coating or paint enquiry with the right coating partner.


View cart "Agarwood Oil Kalimantan Malinau 6ml" has been added to your cart.
Pure Malinau agarwood oil. Manually distilled from selected agarwood material collected from the forest of Malinau (Borneo/North Kalimantan), Indonesia.
Very typical sweet scent that will temp you to want to use more after testing a drop on your skin or clothes.
Wood material origin: Malinau, North Kalimantan (Borneo).
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noticed in the same section (2.2.2).
On page 479 line 16236 change "cexmp1" to "cexpm1".
On page 479 line 16237 change "cexmp1f" to "cexpm1f".
On page 479 line 16238 change "cexmp1l" to "cexpm1l".
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On page 479 line 16242-3 delete "isblank" and "iswblank".
On page 480 line 16280 delete "wcwidth".
On page 480 line 16281 delete "wmem[a-z]*".
The notation [0-9] indicates any digit.
portable character set, or <underscore>.


text:
Journalism leads Taya from USC to NYC
The decision to study Journalism at the University of the Sunshine Coast has opened the door to a world of opportunities for Taya Sweeney, 19, of Rosemount.
The former Burnside State High School student recently returned from a semester of study at Adelphi University, Long Island, New York thanks to USC's Global Opportunities (GO) student exchange program.
The GO program enables students to spend up to two semesters overseas while earning credit towards their degrees at more than 70 international partner institutions, including universities in the Americas, Europe and Asia.
For Taya it was the chance to fulfil a long-held dream of living in New York while also pursuing her passion for writing.
She combined her journalism studies with her social media talents to share many of her experiences in a blog and via Twitter, Instagram and Tumblr.
"Social media was a great way to share my stories instantly with friends and connect with industry contacts as well," she said.
"The Adelphi campus was just like the colleges you see in films, with fraternities and sororities and the dormitories are built around a baseball diamond," she said.
"I also loved my times in the city, from Broadway shows to walks in Central Park and riding the subway."
As well as sharing the highlights of her trip online, Taya also developed her video editing skills and produced a film for one of her classes.
"Now video editing, as well as writing, is at the heart of what I want to do in journalism," she said.
Taya said she hoped to gain an internship with local media while completing her USC degree and was confident her studies would continue to open the right doors.
"When I decided to study at USC and looked into Journalism, I saw it was a really good program that would lead to some interesting career opportunities," she said.
– David Cameron
Journalism students in running for state award
Two USC journalism students have been named as finalists in the Queensland Clarion Awards being held in Brisbane on Saturday 7 September.
USC to honour local sports foundation founder
A Paralympic swimming champion who established the Sporting Dreams charitable foundation to financially assist young athletes with a disability will soon become an Honorary Senior Fellow of USC.
USC graduates get scoop on Channel 7 news jobs
Tight deadlines, celebrity interviews and breaking news are all part of a day's work for three new USC Journalism graduates who have gained prime positions with the Seven Network.
Research into who shares views about online news
USC academics from two different disciplines are collaborating in a bid to establish which personality types are more likely to think their views on the news are worth sharing.
Journalism student scoops coveted Clarion Award
USC has continued its great record of success at Queensland's premier journalism awards, the Clarion Awards, with final-year student Nicole Madden claiming a coveted prize on Saturday night.


text:
Berserk and the Band of the Hawk
Berserk and the Band of the Hawk hacks 'n' slashes out
Guts spills guts
Published on 22 Feb, 2017
The year is 2037, and Parliament Warriors has just hit Steam. Having turned all known Japanese history and fiction into Warriors games, Koei Tecmo have cast a wider gaze. Following the success of a Warriors game recreating the historic 2023 by-election which started Zayn Malik's rise to power, Koei are hopeful that the supergroup of Parliament Warriors will sell strongly and spark follow-ups in each devolved Parliament.
Ah, how simple it all seemed in 2017, when the latest release was Berserk and the Band of the Hawk [official site], simply an adaptation of the long-running manga (and anime). How little they suspected!
While 'Warriors' isn't in the name, yep it totally is a Warriors game. Players get to hack 'n' slash through hordes of enemies as Guts and his chums in that usually Warriors way, and... it's a Warriors game? It's Warriors but with Berserk.
Berserk and the Band of the Hawk is out on Steam for £44.99/53,99€/$53.99, which includes a small launch discount.
Elsewhere in the world of Warriors, last week Tecmo Koei announced a Western PC release for Samurai Warriors: Spirit of Sanada [official site]. It's, y'know, a Samurai Warriors game. This time the focus is on actual historical daimyō Masayuki Sanada and his son Yukimura Sanada. It's coming on May 23rd.
I'm not really into the Warriors games but, as an outsider, I do like the look of how they turn history wacky. It's so overtly fictionalised when many games built upon history are more insidious with their rewriting. Not that over-the-top retellings can't still spread funny ideas, mind. But at least I've not seen an equivalent of those dreadful videos for World War games with developers saying they want to make it so respectful and so authentic as players John Wick their way through an entire battalion.
Omega Force


text:
RAF Oulton Street pillboxes, Norfolk
Oulton Street airfield opened in July 1940 as a satellite of Horsham St Faith and was a base for Blenheims. Later, it was expanded and was home to both RAF and USAAF Fortresses. Little now remains of the airfield, except part of the runways and a few huts. It is now all private farmland.
Above: Memorial to RAF Oulton Street and some of the remaining buildings.
At least two pillboxes remain of Oulton airfield's defences. Both are octagonal and were built to house a Vickers machine gun, but are slightly different in design to each other. Both are unique designs, a feature that seems to be quite common to pillboxes defending RAF installations. The larger pillbox has a large but narrow embrasure for a Vickers and six rifle/light machine gun embrasures. There is a large semi-circular table for the Vickers tripod. There are two parallel anti-ricochet walls either side of the Vickers embrasure. There is a low entrance protected by an 'L' shaped blast wall.
Above: The larger of the two pillboxes.
The second pillbox is also octagonal but smaller. It to has a semi-circular platform for a Vickers machine gun, but this projects from the wall of the pillbox. There is a massive concrete overhang roof to protect this projection. There are only two rifle/light machin gun embrasures on the rear walls. It's entrance is also protected by an L shaped blast wall.
Above: The smaller of the two pillboxes.
Pillboxes at Brampton, Burgh next Aylsham and Aylsham: The FII Stop Line, Norfolk
A long weekend in Norfolk allowed for a bit of pillbox hunting. On the way up, we took in some of the defences of stop line FII, which uses the River Brue and the Broads as anti-tank obstacles (the Broads has little in the way of concrete defences, defence instead relying largely on the river patrols). However, crossings over the Brue between Wroxham and Aylsham are defended by pillboxes and anti-tank cubes. We visited some of the defences at Brampton, Burgh next Aylsham and Aylsham. This was a divisional stop line – i.e. it was intended to delay or act as a deterrent to enemy armour rather than halt it completely (corps stop lines and the GHQ stop line on the other hand were intended to bring enemy armour to a halt).
The bridge over the Brue at Brampton has the classic stop-line defences of anti-tank cubes and a mined bridge covered by a type 22 pillbox. The anti-tank cubes are 5ft square and block the immediate approach to the bridge from the sides; the two on opposite sides of the bridge have iron rails set into them to take further rails to block the road. The bridge would also have been prepared for demolition.
Above: View of the bridge at Brampton from one of the pillbox loopholes.
Above: The Type 22 pillbox at Brampton
Anti-tank blocks guarding the approach to the bridge from the flanks. Note the iron rails set into one of the cubes that would have taken a rail to block the bridge.
The anti-tank blocks on the other side of the bridge. A block (hidden in the ivy) has rails set into it as well to take the road blcok
One of the loopholes
The neat interior of the pillbox.
The pillbox, anti-tank cubes and bridge at Brampton
At Burgh next Aylsham, eight anti-tank blocks also block the approach to the bridge from the sides, but there is no pillbox defending the bridge.
Above: The anti-tank cubes at Burgh next Aylsham
Above: The Burgh next Aylsham War Memorial
Aylsham is a nodal point and was defended by numerous pillboxes, of which at least three survive today. Of these, I was interested in a pillbox built onto a wall of a water mill – apparently constructed by the Ministry for Food to defend the water mill - and constructed by sandbags filled with cement. The most recent information on the internet suggested concern for the future of this pillbox as planning permission had been given for conversion of the old water mill into residential flats. I am glad to say that the pillbox is still extant.
Above: The pillbox constructed from sandbags on the end of a wall of the water mill at Aylsham.
Pillboxes at Brampton, Burgh next Aylsham and Ayls...


text:
Edgar Cahn on Time Banking
Very clear explanation by the founder of Time Banks
Video via http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D8R6VkqvsBY&feature=player_embedded
Printed Interview
"(Q) Approximately how many new Time Banks are in operation here in the U.S.?
(Chris) There are TimeBanks within the TimeBanks' network and then there are TimeBanks for whatever reason don't choose to be formally a part of the network, they don't choose to be affiliate I believe there are about 140 TimeBanks within the network and outside of the network, we obviously can't have a certain knowledge but we think up to 20 more.
(Q) Is the following sentence a true statement? TimeBanks differ from barter systems and LETS because there is no commercial exchange or pricing medium. An hour of your time, is simply an hour of time. The rate for that hour does not change from city to city. Can you please explain this a bit further?
(Edgar) TimeBanks as a community currency was designed to take express exception to the definition of value that market price sets. Price in the market is set by supply and demand, so as a thing is more scarce it's more valuable relative to demand and if it's abundant it's cheap and I realized that what that meant was that every fundamental capacity that defines us as human beings and enabled our species to survive and evolve was worthless in that pricing system. If we were going to start to value the kinds of things that human being need to do for each other, to build community, to raise children, to make democracy work, to fight for social justice we were going to have to find a way of honoring with value the work that was essential to promoting fundamental values.
In the context within which we work it [TimeBanking] sends a message of respect & equality that is a fundamental statement that will particularly will reveal across lines of race, and class or age or people who have been devalued. You can talk the rhetoric of saying I value but what Time Banking does is it says "oh you're real about that aren't you". That is a very important message when dealing with teenagers, when dealing with the elderly, when dealing with people who have been disabled. It really honors who they are and the essence of who they are." (http://www.americanchronicle.com/articles/view/152048)
Video presentation at Nesta, http://vimeo.com/23553217
Nesta Q & A, http://vimeo.com/23587247
Interview, http://vimeo.com/23581127
See also: Sam Hopley on Time Banking
Retrieved from "https://wiki.p2pfoundation.net/index.php?title=Edgar_Cahn_on_Time_Banking&oldid=53583"


The Venus Fly Trap is the common name given to a plant that feeds on insects or other small animals. It is one of the most interesting and intriguing plants. The Venus Fly Trap belongs to the Doseraceae or Sundew Family. Unfortunately these rare carnivorous plants are believe to be going extinct. The Droseraceae classification includes 4 genera (the Dionaea, Aldrovada, Drosophyllum, and Drosera) and over 150 species.


text:
package com.all.client.util;

// understands how to clean all data from the database
public class CleanDatabase {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		CleanDatabase cleanDatabase = new CleanDatabase();
		cleanDatabase.cleanAll();
	}

	public void cleanAll() {
		// Session session = HibernateUtil.getSession();
		// deleteAll(session, "from Playlist as Playlist");
		// deleteAll(session, "from PlaylistTrack as PlaylistTrack");
		// deleteAll(session, "from Track as Track");
		// deleteAll(session, "from Folder as Folder");
		// deleteAll(session, "from Genre as Genre");
	}

	// private void deleteAll(Session session, String query) {
	// List toDelete;
	// toDelete = (List) session.createQuery(query).list();
	// DomainEntity.deleteAll(toDelete);
	// }

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


As parents, we set boundaries for our children to ensure they remain safe. Our animals also need guidelines. Animals who come into contact with people on a regular basis, such as dogs on a walk, need strict ground rules implemented by Mommy and Daddy.
Pet Etiquette is not only flattering to you and your pet; it helps demonstrate respect for the strangers you will meet. As with all dog training, it is best to start training at a young age.
Unleashed animals are a common issue in public. While taking Fido out for a walk, remember that not everyone wants your galloping 4-legged friend to mow them over. Be a considerate pet owner and keep your dog leashed at all times for his safety and the safety of others. As pet owners, we have a responsibility to our pet and to the general public, to keep them mutually safe.
While walking your leashed dog, you may approach another pet owner walking their "cross your fingers" leashed dog. Allow the dogs to say hello from a distance and if they seem friendly, allow them approach one another slowly.
Keep an eye out for signs of aggression, such as growling, lunging or altered body posture. I never mind dogs kissing, but I don't want my dog forced upon by another dog. If this happens, the owner should immediately recall their pet.
A dog that barks incessantly may become an irritant to others. A dog who is barking may also become prematurely hypersensitive to its surrounding, as barking is an indication of territory defense.
Constant barking can be a result of lack of exercise, social interaction or training. Consult your veterinarian or dog trainer for hands on help. Your neighbors will thank you!
Taking the time to train your pet will create tremendous yields.
Training your pet is key to having a forever bond with your dog or cat.
Training your pet will result in a respectful family member.
Your friends will be more likely to interact with your dog, as well other animals.
Boundaries are healthy necessities for our pets, just as they are for our children.


text:
package com.appmanager.android.util;

import com.appmanager.android.entity.FileEntry;

import junit.framework.TestCase;

import java.net.URLEncoder;

/**
 * @author maimuzo
 * @since 2014/08/30
 */
public class AppManagerSchemaTest extends TestCase {
    private static final String APK_PATH = "github.com/app-manager/AppManager-for-Android/blob/master/tests/apk/dummy.apk?raw=true";
    private static final String ORIGINAL_URL_HTTP = "http://" + APK_PATH;
    private static final String ORIGINAL_URL_HTTPS = "https://" + APK_PATH;
    private static final String AUTH_USER = "testuser";
    private static final String AUTH_PASS = "authpass";
    private static final String NAME_ALP = "testName";
    private static final String NAME_JP = "テスト名";
    private static final String NAME_JP_ENCODED = "%E3%83%86%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E5%90%8D";

    public void testCanEncode(){
        assertEquals(AppManagerSchema.encode(ORIGINAL_URL_HTTPS, NAME_ALP, AUTH_USER, AUTH_PASS), "https://testuser:authpass@" + AppManagerSchema.MAIN_SPECIAL_HOST + "/" + APK_PATH + "#" + NAME_ALP);
        assertEquals(AppManagerSchema.encode(ORIGINAL_URL_HTTP, NAME_ALP, AUTH_USER, AUTH_PASS), "http://testuser:authpass@" + AppManagerSchema.MAIN_SPECIAL_HOST + "/" + APK_PATH + "#" + NAME_ALP);
        assertEquals(AppManagerSchema.encode(ORIGINAL_URL_HTTPS, NAME_JP, AUTH_USER, AUTH_PASS), "https://testuser:authpass@" + AppManagerSchema.MAIN_SPECIAL_HOST + "/" + APK_PATH + "#" + NAME_JP_ENCODED);
        assertEquals(AppManagerSchema.encode(ORIGINAL_URL_HTTPS, NAME_ALP, "", AUTH_PASS), "https://" + AppManagerSchema.MAIN_SPECIAL_HOST + "/" + APK_PATH + "#" + NAME_ALP);
        assertEquals(AppManagerSchema.encode(ORIGINAL_URL_HTTPS, NAME_ALP, AUTH_USER, ""), "https://" + AppManagerSchema.MAIN_SPECIAL_HOST + "/" + APK_PATH + "#" + NAME_ALP);
        assertEquals(AppManagerSchema.encode(ORIGINAL_URL_HTTPS, NAME_ALP, "", ""), "https://" + AppManagerSchema.MAIN_SPECIAL_HOST + "/" + APK_PATH + "#" + NAME_ALP);
        assertEquals(AppManagerSchema.encode(ORIGINAL_URL_HTTPS, NAME_ALP, null, AUTH_PASS), "https://" + AppManagerSchema.MAIN_SPECIAL_HOST + "/" + APK_PATH + "#" + NAME_ALP);
        assertEquals(AppManagerSchema.encode(ORIGINAL_URL_HTTPS, NAME_ALP, AUTH_USER, null), "https://" + AppManagerSchema.MAIN_SPECIAL_HOST + "/" + APK_PATH + "#" + NAME_ALP);
        assertEquals(AppManagerSchema.encode(ORIGINAL_URL_HTTPS, NAME_ALP, null, null), "https://" + AppManagerSchema.MAIN_SPECIAL_HOST + "/" + APK_PATH + "#" + NAME_ALP);
        assertEquals(AppManagerSchema.encode(ORIGINAL_URL_HTTPS, "", null, null), "https://" + AppManagerSchema.MAIN_SPECIAL_HOST + "/" + APK_PATH);
        assertEquals(AppManagerSchema.encode(ORIGINAL_URL_HTTPS, null, null, null), "https://" + AppManagerSchema.MAIN_SPECIAL_HOST + "/" + APK_PATH);
    }

    public void testCanDecode(){
        for (String specialHost : AppManagerSchema.SPECIAL_HOSTS) {
            assertNotNull(AppManagerSchema.decode("https://testuser:authpass@" + specialHost + "/" + APK_PATH + "#" + NAME_ALP));
            FileEntry fe1 = AppManagerSchema.decode("https://testuser:authpass@" + specialHost + "/" + APK_PATH + "#" + NAME_ALP);
            FileEntry fe2 = packFileEntry(ORIGINAL_URL_HTTPS, NAME_ALP, AUTH_USER, AUTH_PASS);
            assertTrue(fe1.contentEqualsTo(fe2));
            assertTrue(AppManagerSchema.decode("http://testuser:authpass@" + specialHost + "/" + APK_PATH + "#" + NAME_ALP).contentEqualsTo(packFileEntry(ORIGINAL_URL_HTTP, NAME_ALP, AUTH_USER, AUTH_PASS)));
            assertTrue(AppManagerSchema.decode("https://testuser:authpass@" + specialHost + "/" + APK_PATH + "#" + NAME_JP_ENCODED).contentEqualsTo(packFileEntry(ORIGINAL_URL_HTTPS, NAME_JP, AUTH_USER, AUTH_PASS)));
            assertNull(AppManagerSchema.decode("https://testuser@" + specialHost + "/" + APK_PATH + "#" + NAME_ALP));
            assertTrue(AppManagerSchema.decode("https://:authpass@" + specialHost + "/" + APK_PATH + "#" + NAME_ALP).contentEqualsTo(packFileEntry(ORIGINAL_URL_HTTPS, NAME_ALP, null, null)));
            assertTrue(AppManagerSchema.decode("https://" + specialHost + "/" + APK_PATH + "#" + NAME_ALP).contentEqualsTo(packFileEntry(ORIGINAL_URL_HTTPS, NAME_ALP, null, null)));
            assertTrue(AppManagerSchema.decode("https://" + specialHost + "/" + APK_PATH).contentEqualsTo(packFileEntry(ORIGINAL_URL_HTTPS, null, null, null)));
            assertNull(AppManagerSchema.decode("https://sonnanonaiyo/" + APK_PATH));
            assertNull(AppManagerSchema.decode("https://" + APK_PATH));
        }
    }

    private FileEntry packFileEntry(String url, String name, String user, String pass){
        FileEntry fe = new FileEntry();
        fe.name = name;
        fe.url = url;
        fe.basicAuthUser = user;
        fe.basicAuthPassword = pass;
        return fe;
    }
}


Investing in technological innovation is at the heart of growing businesses and the focus of the Research Tax Credit. For companies to qualify, they must typically be unique at some level from their competitors and peers. However, because companies' approaches and needs may differ, circumstances may require alternative approaches to claiming the credit.
In order to be complete in our analysis, our engineers perform retroactive engagements, current-year evaluations, and "a la carte" services including audit defense and contract review. Whatever your company's specific needs, Hull & Knarr will take ownership of defending your credit claims should they fall under review by the IRS or state authority. We take on the burden of audit so you can save valuable time and remain focused on your day-to-day responsibilities.
Qualifying companies can typically look back three open tax years to claim credits generated during that time period, often resulting in refund checks that generate immediate cash flow. Retroactive studies allow the taxpayer to capture previously generated credits and establish a baseline on activities and methodologies for years going forward. Any unused credits can be carried forward up to 20 years for those who have been in an NOL (net operating loss).
Current year studies are the natural step for companies who have already solidified their research credit baseline. For startups and companies who do not have contemporaneous documentation from research in previous years, a current year study can be the foundation to build an audit-ready case to claim the credit now and for years to come.
Occasionally companies find themselves in a position where they must substantiate their claims at the Federal or State level. If their claims are not supported by engineering-based studies, they can be in a vulnerable position. To support these companies, we offer audit defense and contract review a la carte. Our professionals have extensive experience representing clients before the IRS and state regulatory agencies and maintain an audit record that is unequaled in our industry.


Vavoom Volumizing Shampoo – Foxy Roxy's Supply Co.
Vavoom volumizing shampoo adds body and volume to your pet's coat. Lightweight conditioning keeps the coat healthy without weighing it down. Contains Bamboo Extract for restoring coat's body and shine. The unique Keratin Complex contains various hydrolyzed keratin & vegetable proteins to add excellent conditioning and moisturization to your pet's coats. Vavoom volumizing shampoo will give your pet's coat volume, and keep it soft and shiny with all naturally inspired ingredients that soothe and protect.


Move Out the Old! Make Room for the New!
This year God is challenging me to move out the old and make room for the new. That means change! Even though I tend to be flexible and open to change, I like to know what change is coming.
My husband is a fully certified "keeper" of all things that may at some point be useful for any unforeseen circumstances. He is a "fixer" — and an excellent one at that! I, on the other hand, am a "thrower". I resist clutter with a fervency. If something isn't serving a useful purpose, I am quick to give it away to someone who will make good use of it. We have learned the benefit of "keepers" and "throwers".
Did you ever try to take food from a toddler? Be prepared! What a child lacks in size they certainly make up for in resistance.
Honestly, I feel the same way when I have to part with something I am enjoying!
It is the "you will still be eating" part that has me a little nervous. The "new" at the end of the verse sounds perfect, but what will I have to give up before actually seeing and holding the new?
"You will still be eating" implies the blessing of God in the preceding harvest was substantial. A harvest that was valued and appreciated! However, "still eating" also means I'm not yet satisfied, full or content with that proceeding blessing.
"What blessings am I hanging on to?
Before every new harvest, storage bins receive a thoroughly cleaning. Any remnant of last years harvest is removed, eliminating any opportunity for the old to contaminate the new.
new wine into old wineskins.
the wineskins will be ruined.
"You have to" doesn't exactly sound favorable either. Give me choice!, Show me the options allowing time to weigh and assess benefits. I can adjust with that! Add the words "you have to" and the dynamic changes!
Change is awkward! More of my life than I care to admit is lived by learned behaviour! Adjusting to something new takes time and patience.
Change costs! Want an example? My old computer stopped working; the new replacement has added features but was expensive. Change often carries an unseen price tag — sometimes financially, maybe relationally, or even emotionally.
Change is a process! It is the undetermined span between the now and then, the here and there, that requires effort and time. This unknown discourages movement.
Change awakens fear! What if it doesn't work? Will it be worth it? What will people think?
Change requires confidence and trust! When the change isn't my choice, I need to have a deep trust of the one asking me to change. I need to know my best interest is considered or there is a higher goal or purpose for change.
Some things I will gladly let go of, however. The sooner poor habits, destructive thought patterns, or nagging fear exit my life the more content I'll be.
Thankfully God attached a promise with the "have to"; it includes "make room for the new".
I am an expert at making room! We had five boys in just over eight years in a relatively small three bedroom home. Making room for one more created a welcome challenge.
Now with family grown, we have downsized into a much smaller home. Over the years, I have become proficient at making the best use of even the smallest spaces.
Just like I am unsure of what I may have to let go of, I am equally unsure of what God is asking me to make room for. These unanswered questions create tension, an uneasiness, that only faith in God can resolve.
Not every harvest is prime quality or quantity on the Canadian prairies. There can be infestations of disease or pests, adverse weather like drought or hail, and any number of other issues that significantly affect the new crop. As a matter of fact, there is no guarantee the new crop will even be realized!
Yet, God promises us new!
It is virtually impossible to forget the "former things" when the flavour is fresh in your mouth. However, there will be no appreciation for the new unless we willingly release the old.
Perhaps the reason change becomes increasingly difficult is previous experiences with both positive and questionable changes. Such resistance to letting go of something firmly possessed for something not yet visible is understandable.
With confidence I step into God's promise purposefully laying aside fear and comfort. Why? The One who promised is faithful!
than I can presently see.
I trust Him and His word! Not blindly, but fully!
Faith is never blind! Though I cannot see what the future holds, I see clearly the God who holds my future. He never fails in His promise.
find their Yes in him.
Laying aside yesterday's blessings, yesterday's provision and yesterday's anointing is for the sole purpose of taking hold of today's increased blessing. I will never fully realize God's best while stubbornly holding on to yesterday's good.
So I am prepared "to move out" all that is necessary "to make room" for what is ahead!
It sounds like work! But I'll let you know how God works it out!


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Wiley Walsh, P.C. Home
Contact Wiley Walsh, P.C.
Wages and Overtime Pay
Rob Wiley: My name is Rob Wiley and today I'm going to be speaking to Colin Walsh about the issue of the minimum wage. So Colin, what is the minimum wage?
Colin Walsh: Currently the minimum wage is $7.25 an hour.
Rob Wiley: Does that apply to everyone who is working in America?
Colin Walsh: Yes, it covers all employees.
Rob Wiley: And I think that's one of the more interesting things about this law. It's part of the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938, so it's actually one of our oldest employment laws on the book. And so the government knew that employers were going to try and get around this law, so they made the law apply to everybody. And then there are some exemptions where you can be pulled out of the law, but the base for everybody is that you should be getting minimum wage. And I'd be very suspicious of any situation in which someone was performing work, but they weren't being paid the minimum wage. Now one way that we do see this come up is where people are misclassified and they're told that they are not employees but they're independent contractors. How might someone have a minimum wage violation if they're being told that they're an independent contractor?
Colin Walsh: Well, if they're really an employee and there's a test that you use to determine that; but if they're an employee, they should be being paid minimum wage for all the hours that they're working. And, one way we see it, is getting a day rate that is not going to be the minimum wage for the hours of work that they're performing that day.
Rob Wiley: And you can do the math. I mean you can take the amount of money that someone's being paid if they're being paid by the job or by the day, and divide that by the number of hours that it took to do the job. And then you can calculate the wage and if it's less than the minimum wage, that's a violation. As you can imagine, minimum wage violations are often about exploitation. It is about taking people that may be economically disadvantaged, a racially or ethnically disadvantaged; they may be immigrants, and really taking advantage of them. And so where there is a violation against one employee, a lot of times you see violations against multiple employees. And, how would we deal with a situation if we found out that there were for instance a bunch of factory workers or a bunch of people that were working on a job and they weren't being paid the minimum wage?
Colin Walsh: Well, the way we would deal with that is we would make it a collective action which is just a group of employees suing to get paid that minimum wage.
Rob Wiley: And that's an important part of this law is you don't have to sue individually. You can sue on behalf of the groups of employees and there really is strength in numbers. I also think that our courts get it. If they see a minimum wage violation and they see the exploitation that goes along with that then I think that they're willing to take action so that we can enforce that law. One of the few cases of minimum wage that I've seen, and it's not all that common that we see the minimum wage violations but I can remember we had a case involving an elderly African-American man and his granddaughter brought him into our office and she'd gone off to college and she was just appalled that her grandfather was being mistreated like that. But it really is cases of exploitation in which somebody who might be ethnically or racially disadvantaged, educationally disadvantaged or just economically disadvantaged, is being exploited. And so, I take minimum wage cases particularly seriously, trying to get relief for clients.
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Robert J. Wiley and Colin Walsh are Board Certified in Labor and Employment Law by the Texas Board of Legal Specialization. All other attorneys are not board certified.
Robert J. Wiley and Colin Walsh are the attorneys responsible for this website.
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Principal place of business: Austin, Texas. The information you obtain at this site is not, nor is it intended to be, legal advice. You should consult an attorney for advice regarding your individual situation. We invite you to contact us and welcome you to submit your claim for review. Contacting us does not create an attorney-client relationship. Please do not send any confidential information to us until such time as an attorney-client relationship has been established.
We serve clients throughout Texas including those in the following localities: Travis County including Austin, Del Valle, Leander, and Pflugerville; Bexar County including San Antonio; Comal County including New Braunfels; Gillespie County including Fredericksburg; Hays County including Kyle and San Marcos; and Williamson County including Brushy Creek, Cedar Park, Georgetown, Jollyville, Round Rock, and Taylor.
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Lila Deakle, a Navy veteran who has worked in the Parker County Clerk's office for the last six years, has declared her candidacy for Parker County clerk, she said in a release.
Deakle has worked as a Deputy Clerk in the court division, the probate department, and as an administrative assistant. She moved to Parker County in 2002 after a transfer to NAS JRB Fort Worth while still in the Navy, and retired from the service in 2005.
Deakle is also the chairperson for the Rotary Club of Weatherford Meals on Wheels program, second vice president of membership for the Bush Legacy Republican Women of Weatherford Club, member of the American Legion Post 163, Optimist International Club of Springtown and a member of East Parker County Chamber of Commerce.
She is studying towards a degree in business management.


Ethel Cortner Prosser, 93, of Shelbyville, died Sunday, Feb. 28, 2010, in Glen Oaks Convalescent Center.
Mrs. Prosser was a native of Bedford County. She was retired from Henry Horton State Park Restaurant and was a member of Southside Church of Christ.
husband, William "Pet" Prosser; three brothers, James, Tom and Bill Cortner; half-sister, Ruth Norman; half-brother, Pete Pendley; and son, Danny Prosser.
She is survived by her son, Larry Prosser of Shelbyville; brother, Dayton Cortner of Marion, Va.; granddaughter, Donna Freeman of the Wheel Community; and two great-grandchildren, Alex and Kara Beth.
Graveside services will be conducted at noon Thursday, March 4, in Head Springs Cemetery.
The family will be at London Funeral Home Thursday from 9 until 11:30 a.m. for visitation.


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Q: Passing jquery variable as an argument to scala function I am working on an application in which front end side is HTML and jquery. I am using spark and scala for my backend side processing to bring the data at various levels. Consider a situation where i want to pass date in a jquery variable to scala and display the results on HTML after processing.
By googling i found out play framework. Will it help in my situation?
Any help will be appreciated.

A: It's definitely NOT possible like that - your scala view is rendered on the server-side long before the HTML and jQuery is displayed to the user on the client-side.
Anyway this is task for jQuery (or maybe better some JS framework like Angular) to manipulate your HTML directly in the browser without refreshing whole code from the server. Of course most probably you'll want to send an AJAX request to the server in the background to persist changed data to the DB, but here I'm just shooting.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


F&W honors a Washington state winery from a former top New York sommelier.
A master sommelier at 26 (the youngest of any American) and in charge of "everything wet" for the restaurant group B.R. Guest at 34, Greg Harrington was doing quite well in the NYC wine scene. Then, in 2004, he and his wife, Pam, took a tasting trip to Washington state. In Walla Walla, 20 winery appointments soon morphed into 40, and the Harringtons realized they wanted to make wine there themselves. Two years later, "We sold our 650-square-foot apartment on the Upper West Side, which bought us 18 acres and financed half the winery. We knew if we could get our first two vintages in the barrel, we'd find a way to make it." When Harrington's Cabernets and Côte-Rôtie-esque Syrahs hit the market, the critical response was immediate and gratifying. These aren't knock-you-over-the-head wines. He says, "We like higher acid, lower alcohol (most of our wines are under 14 percent) and only a touch of oak." Harrington is now gambling on Tempranillo, which may prove as successful as his first big risk.


Oooh you lucky girl, such gorgeous presents :) I loved the plaque with the mother and daughter on. I collect that sort of pottery(?) myself but that's not one I had seen before.
Ms. Teacakes...you got royally spoiled for your birthday. I love everything. The present from Zebra-girl is especially precious. I cherish similar gifts from my daughter. I have two pieces by the same artist that made your pot. I will have to photograph them. Those Persephones are gorgeous. I've looked at them online and drooled. Lucky you!
What beautiful gifts! Gorgeous fabrics and such a sweet effort from your little girl. I notice too that you've added It's hard to be hip over thirty to your collection - hope you enjoy it as much as I do!
You made out like a bandit! These are all such wonderful birthday gifts. I'm glad you had such a wonderful day.
PS. I just love the sewing machine cake Ian made you!
happy (belated!) birthday, some lovely gifts there, gorgeous fabrics, and i have to ask, where oh where did he get that lovely felt from???
can I start the official Zebra Girl fan club? can I, can I?
What wonderful presents, chosen with care by people who obviously know you very well.
Oh how lovely, you received such lovely gifts.
What a lovely tale about your Grandmother too, so sweet!
That felt is superb and oh the catalogue. Fabulous presents.
what completely gorgeous presents glad you are feeling better now!
love the story about your grandma too, those kind of memories are priceless.
Such a treasure trove of goodies. It looks to me as though there will be many felty adventures ahead!
Your grandmother story made me cry.
I love all the presents Florence, the fabric is beautiful, and the catalogue is so sweet.
What treasures! I have serious stash envy looking at all that fabric. What a fabulous gift from Zebra girl - so thoughtful.
WOW,you lucky,lucky girl!Gorgeous treasures you've received,love the fabric and the books.Loved the comment from your gran,my mum is only 4'11 too!
I love that story of you and your Grandma (and the one of you and your daughter too). Both very inspiring and uplifting. I also come from a family of short women (I am one of the taller ones at 5'1") so the phrase "good things come in small packages" has been bandied around our family for as long as I can remember.
What lovely packages of delightful treasures you received! I love the story about your grandmother, so touching. Birthdays are special and I'm so glad yours was celebrated so gloriously.
OOh lovely presents, now what to make with them all! I would now be spending a lot of time sort of stroking them!
Lucky girl - such a yummy array of goodies from people who know you so well! Grandmothers are so wise aren't they. I think that Mummy catalogue is just beautiful and so very special!
It looks like you had a wonderful birthday, with lots of love surrounding you!
and aren't grandma's great for reminding you of the important stuff in life? although the story mine tells most often is when she knit me some socks and I refused to walk in them because they made my bloody feet itch!
Hurray for March birthdays!! Happy birthday to you. What a lovely lot of goodies you got, lucky girl.
Happy belated birthday! What a lucky lady! Gobs of gorgeous gifts and so much of it fabrics! Wow! Neat that you like Tilda too! You can imagine that she is popular here in her home country Norway. The fabrics are so pretty!
You garnered quite the load for a b-day girl. Nice that everyone knows what you like and does a great job picking out for you! I love the felt. When I read your posts, I am reminded of Nigella Lawson. I think whatever you are describing is just as luscious as her descriptions of food while licking her fingers enjoying her chocolate! Though I enjoy all of your posts when I come by, my favorite was your anniversary story and picture of your husband by the window. The grass outside was gorgeous - and the guy in the window wasn't too bad, either!


All times are applicable anywhere in the world.
The Indian chapter of the ACM Special Interest Group on Knowledge Discovery in Databases (ACM IKDD) is pleased to announce the fourth Conference on Data Sciences (CoDS 2017) in IIT Madras, Chennai. We invite papers reporting original research in all aspects of Data Science. CoDS 2017 will feature a Best Research Paper Award, and also a Best Student Paper Award.
Models and Algorithms: Classification and regression, parallel and distributed learning, semi- and unsupervised learning, matrix and tensor methods, graph mining, reinforcement learning, dimensionality reduction, graph mining, deep learning, Bayesian methods, time series analysis, optimization.
Applications: Text analytics and NLP, information retrieval, social network analysis, recommender systems, online advertising, bioinformatics, computational neuroscience, systems biology, multimedia processing, crowdsourcing, education, robotics, technology for emerging markets.
Case studies: Descriptions of deployments of data science solutions in industry and government that address real-world challenges and highlight new and important research directions for data science.
CoDS does not allow dual submission, violating papers will be rejected immediately without review.
We invite submissions for the PhD workshop, where senior PhD students may present their research to experts and get feedback and guidance. There will be a separate call for the PhD workshop. In the spirit of the KDD Cup, the conference will also include a Data Challenge. Winning entries will receive attractive prizes.
See here for a full list of the organization committee.


Here at Living By Disney I publish a weekly newsletter that tells you all the latest Disney World news. It's all you'll need to read to keep up with everything happening here. If you're not on the list yet, I'd love if you'd join. You'll even get a free gift (an awesome eBook) for signing up!
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