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4 random thoughts
Jeff Fleishman Miscellaneous February 21, 2015 February 21, 2015
Seward's Folly
I was thinking about Seward's Folly the other day* – because who doesn't think about Seward's Folly every now and then – and I kept asking myself: how could anyone think this was a folly?
*I wonder – how many other people were also thinking about Seward's Folly at that exact moment? There are 7.1 billion people on this planet. Surely one or two or ten of them were also thinking about it or studying it or learning about it in class.
Seward's Folly, you probably know, refers to the United States' acquisition of Alaska from the Russian Empire in 1867. At the time, Russia wanted to sell its Alaskan territory, fearing that it might be seized if war broke out with Britain. US Secretary of State William Seward negotiated the deal and purchased the land for $7.2 million (a bargain price of two cents an acre). The area was then organized as the Department of Alaska, then renamed the Alaska territory, and finally became the state of Alaska upon being admitted to the Union in 1959.
Seward was heavily criticized for the purchase. The press called the newly acquired wasteland "Seward's Icebox" and the "polar bear garden."* The New York Tribune wrote: "Ninety-nine hundredths of Russian America are absolutely useless. To Russia it was an encumbrance, to us it would be an embarrassment."And, in what is now my favorite metaphor of all time, The New York World wrote: "Russia has sold us a sucked orange."
*I know the critics were trying to be offensive, but maybe they could have come up with something better. Who wouldn't want to live in a polar bear garden? Polar bears are great.
Most of the country also viewed the purchase unfavorably, thinking that sure, the land is cool, but what are we gonna do with it?
Even Congress was annoyed. They had been reluctant to purchase Alaska in the first place, and they viewed it as an arbitrary act rather than something that could bolster a country fresh out of the Civil War.
Russians weren't happy about it either – they wrote that it was nothing but a "mean, disgusting joke upon the Russian society."
Here's the thing though – the purchase of Alaska turned out to be a great decision, right? There was the great Alaska Gold Rush in 1899. There are vast energy resources. There's the Iditarod. It's a popular vacation spot. And yet, it's been 148 years, and we still refer to the purchase as a folly.
I guess I have something that Seward's contemporaries didn't have. Hindsight. We look at Alaska now, and we think of this majestic land, of rolling hills and crisp winters and so much space – 586,412 square miles. But in 1867, Alaska was a great unknown. Most of it couldn't be colonized. In a country overcome with debt and political strife, many looked at the purchase and thought, What's the point?
I just think it's time to give old William Seward a break.
It is 2015 and all of these things are true:
Dr. Seuss is coming out with a new book.
Torii Hunter is on the Minnesota Twins.
Will Ferrell, Eddie Murphy, Chevy Chase, Steve Martin, and Bill Murray made appearances on SNL.
Bob Dylan is releasing a new album.
Harper Lee is publishing her second novel.
Kevin Garnett is on the Minnesota Timberwolves.
Gas is under $2 a gallon.
The US Presidents
Wait But Why, one of my favorite websites, wrote a post about the US Presidents. It goes into ridiculous detail about each President – from Washington to McKinley – and, wow, some of the nuggets in there are just great. Here are some of my favorites:
The 43 years between 1861 and 1913 saw 9 presidents, 8 of whom had mustaches. And never before or after this era did any other president have a mustache.
John Adams and Thomas Jefferson formed a decades-long pen pal relationship after their times in office, and both died the same day, on July 4, 1826 – the country's 50th anniversary. James Monroe, the fifth President, also died on July 4th.
Late in his life, James Madison became obsessed with his legacy and paranoid to the point of altering letters he had written or others had written him.
John Quincy Adams had a pet alligator who lived in the White House bathtub.
Andrew Jackson cursed like a sailor, and as a result, so did his pet parrot. This caused a lot of problems, including the parrot having to be removed from Jackson's funeral ceremony for cursing so much during the proceedings.
Martin Van Buren's hometown was Kinderhook, NY, and one of his campaign slogans was "Vote for Old Kinderhook," or "Vote for OK." The term OK caught on and it's theorized that this could be the origin of the word "okay."
John Tyler, who was President from 1841-1845, has two living grandchildren.
Zachary Taylor died suddenly after eating some raw fruit, about a year into his presidency. Historians have speculated that he may have been poisoned, but there's no conclusive evidence either way.
James Buchanan was a terrible person (and a lifelong bachelor). His cabinet was the most corrupt in history, he vetoed a bill to create more colleges, saying that "there are already too many educated people," he ran the deficit up to $17 million and presided over the Panic of 1857, he recklessly ousted Brigham Young as governor of the Utah Territory after hearing uncorroborated reports of a Mormon rebellion, he vetoed the Morrill Act and Homestead Act, both of which proved to be important acts after Lincoln later signed them into law.
Legend has it that an 11-year-old girl wrote to Abrham Lincoln during his presidential campaign and told him his weird skinny face should have a beard to be less weird and skinny, and he took the advice.
Andrew Johnson, at his and Lincoln's 1864 inauguration, showed up at the event hammered and proceeded to make a complete debacle of a long, rambling, drunken speech as Lincoln and the entire Senate Chamber looked on in shock. A Senator who attended said afterwards, "I was never so mortified in my life—had I been able to find a hole I would have dropped through it out of sight." Johnson then disappeared into reclusion for six weeks to avoid public ridicule.
Ulysses Grant's real name is Hiram Ulysses Grant. But when he was first nominated to attend West Point, the guy who nominated him messed up and put his name in as Ulysses Simpson Grant. When Grant protested, he was told it was too much of a hassle to go back and change it now, so he just had to go live the rest of his life as Ulysses S. Grant.
A young Rutherford B. Hayes has an uncanny resemblance to Drew Brees.
You can listen to the first minute of Grover Cleveland's 1892 campaign speech.
Robert Todd Lincoln, son of Abraham Lincoln, witnessed, in person, the assassinations of his father, James Garfield, and William McKinley. Lincoln felt super guilty about this and refused to ever attend a public function with a president again.
The Imposter
The other day I watched a documentary called The Imposter, and the story is just so insane that I have to share it.
In 1994, a 13 year old boy from Texas named Nicholas Barclay was kidnapped. Three years later, he was found in Spain and returned home to his family.
The family was obviously overwhelmingly happy that their son was found, and it became a national news story. He moved back in, went back to school, and tried to resume his life as normally as he could.
Except – it was all fake. The real Nicholas Barclay was never found. A 23-year old imposter named Frédéric Bourdin pretended to be Nicholas – he dyed his hair blonde and got the same tattoos as Nicholas and was able to convince the family that it was really him. He was able to do this even though he had different eye colors and a French accent. He told the family that he had been abused and tortured, and was not allowed to speak in English while kidnapped. And they believed it.
It wasn't until a private investigator grew suspicious while working on a documentary of the family that anyone suspected foul play. The investigator compared a photo of Bourdin's ears to Nicholas's ears, and he discovered that they did not match. In 1998, the FBI obtained a court order to take fingerprints and a DNA sample. Bourdin went to prison for six years, and the family was left without their son.
It turned out that Bourdin was a serial imposter who had assumed over 500 false identities.
Many have called out the family for falling for something so obvious. I mean, how can you possibly believe that someone else is your son? Others have speculated that the family knew it wasn't Nicholas and they had in fact murdered him years earlier. When someone else turned up as Nicholas, they pretended it was him to avoid suspicion. A homicide case was actually opened, but there wasn't enough evidence to proceed further.
Anyway, it's an absolutely crazy – and, honestly, pretty depressing – story that has never been solved.
And I don't want to end this post on a sad note, so here is a video of pandas playing on a slide.
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Fettuccine alfredo is a pasta dish made from fettuccine pasta tossed with Parmesan cheese, butter, and double cream. As the cheese melts, it thickens the liquids to form a smooth and rich coating on the pasta. It was named by an Italian restaurateur, at his restaurant Alfredo alla Scrofa in Rome. It is essentially the same as the Italian dish, Fettuccine al burro e panna.
We recently received a rather nice email from the family of the creator which I have included below.
Alfredo di Lelio opened the restaurant "Alfredo" in Rome in 1914 (in Via della Scrofa), after leaving his first restaurant run by his mother Angelina in Rose Square (Piazza disappeared in 1910 following the construction of the Galleria Colonna / Sordi). In this local spread the fame, first to Rome and then in the world, of "fettuccine all'Alfredo".
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>The Cambridge History of Greek and Roman Political Thought
>The Laws
The Cambridge History of Greek and Roman Political Thought
ARCHAIC AND CLASSICAL GREECE
Greek political thought: the historical context
Poets, lawgivers, and the beginnings of political reflection in archaic Greece
Greek drama and political theory
Herodotus, Thucydides and the sophists
Democritus
The Orators
Xenophon and Isocrates
Socrates and Plato: an introduction
Approaching the Republic
The Politicus and other dialogues
The Laws
Plato and practical politics
Cleitophon and Minos
THE HELLENISTIC AND ROMAN WORLDS
Map 1. Greece in the fifth century bc"
12 - The Laws
from THE BEGINNINGS
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 28 March 2008
André Laks
Christopher Rowe and
Malcolm Schofield
Simon Harrison and
Melissa Lane
University of Lille III
University of Durham
St John's College, Cambridge
A singular work
The Laws can be considered the first work of genuine political philosophy in the Western tradition. Admittedly it was conceived within an already complex tradition of philosophical legislation and speculative constructions, in which the Republic holds an important place. But so far as we can judge, the Laws' combination of an investigation into the foundations of legislation with the concrete elaboration of detailed laws is without precedent. From this point of view, the Republic is at best a sketch, whereas the Laws breaks ground for future political thought.
Part of the work's importance lies in its having created a new genre, or rather two, by combining two approaches which posterity would come to distinguish. The Laws is at once an exposition of political principles (comparable to Rousseau's Social Contract or Hegel's Principles of the Philosophy of Right), and a treatise of applied legislation (comparable to the Project for the Constitution of Corsica or the proposal for a German Constitution). Moreover, several concepts elaborated in the Laws have proved of lasting value to political philosophy. The so-called principle of Lord Acton, that absolute power corrupts absolutely, is already formulated in the Laws. More positive philosophical ideas first articulated in the Laws include the 'mixed constitution', the 'rule of law', and last but not least the 'legislative preamble'. Plato himself presents this last item as his greatest legislative innovation (722e1–4).
The Cambridge History of Greek and Roman Political Thought , pp. 258 - 292
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By André Laks, University of Lille III
Edited by Christopher Rowe, University of Durham, Malcolm Schofield, University of Cambridge
With Simon Harrison, St John's College, Cambridge, Melissa Lane, University of Cambridge
Book: The Cambridge History of Greek and Roman Political Thought
Online publication: 28 March 2008
Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521481366.014

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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We made a film together Bob Bailey and I, "Teaching Animal Trainers Operant Conditioning" some years ago. Bob had a seminar in Borlänge/Sweden yesterday and I took the chance to meet up with him. Bob is certainly world famous for his work and I'm proud to have had such a great project together with him.
© 2019 Andreas Norin Kontakta mig!


text:
Борко Темелковски — Љиљак (Прилеп, 20. децембар 1919 — Скопље, 20. новембар 2001), учесник Народноослободилачке борбе, друштвено-политички радник СФР Југославије и СР Македоније и народни херој Југославије.

Биографија
Рођен је 20. децембра 1919. године у Прилепу. Основну и занатску вечењу школу завршио је у Прилепу. Три године је учио ковачки занат, а затим столарски. У току 1934. и 1935. године, укључио се у револуционарни омладински покрет. Тада је постао активиста КУД-а "Абрашевић". Као активан члан Уједињених радничких синдиката, 1938. године постао је секретар најјаче синдикалне подружнице дрводељских радника и члан међуструковног одбора.

Борко је 1939. године постао члан Комунистичке партије Југославије. Скоро читаву 1940. годину провео је у војсци, а 1941. одведен је у немачко заробљеништво.

Народноослободилачка борба
Септембра 1941. године, вратио се из заробљеништва у Прилеп, где се укључио у припреме за устанак. Одмах је укључен у рад као члан Месног комитета КПЈ. Пошто још није био познат окупаторској полицији, несметано је руководио партијском техником и организовао атентате на шпијуне и сараднике окупатора.

Од новембра 1941, постао је секретар Месног комитета КПЈ Прилеп. На тој дужности налазио се до краја јула 1942. године. Због учесталог рада увече, зарадио је надимак "Љиљак" (слепи миш).

У августу 1942. године, као члан Покрајинског комитета КПЈ за Македонију, отишао је на рад у Скопље, а од пролећа 1943, постао је секретар Трећег обласног комитета и Оперативне зоне. Тамо је у својству члана Главног штаба за Македонију и Централног комитета Комунистичке партије Македоније, организовао партизанске јединице. Средином 1943. године, окупаторски суд га је у одсуству осудио на смрт.

Јула 1944. године је као делегат учествовао у раду Антифашистичког собрања народног ослобођења Македоније. Истог месеца вратио се на територију Друге оперативне зоне. Док је био на путу, формирао је Четврту македонску бригаду, а затим прву дивизију и први корпус у Македонији. У септембру 1944. године, постављен је за комесара Главног штаба за Македонију. На овој дужности остао је до маја 1945. године.

Послератна каријера
После ослобођења земље, вршио је многе партијске и државне функције:
 председник Народне омладине Македоније
 секретар Покрајинског комитета СКОЈ-а за Македонију
 председник Комисије државне контроле
 председник Економског савета и потпредседник владе НР Македоније
 председник Републичког већа синдиката
 председник Комисије за друштвени надзор Савезне скупштине
 члан Извршног комитета ЦК КПМ
 члан Централног комитета СКЈ
 члан Главног одбора Социјалистичког савеза радног народа Македоније и Савезног одбора ССРН Југославије
 члан Савета федерације
 председник Савеза синдиката Македоније
 председник СУБНОР-а Македоније

Стално је биран за савезног и републичког посланика. Био је пуковник ЈНА у резерви.

Умро је 21. новембра 2001. године у Скопљу.

Носилац је Партизанске споменице 1941., Ордена народног ослобођења и више осталих југословенских и страних одликовања, међу којима су пољски Партизански крст и бугарски ред "Александар Невски". Орденом народног хероја одликован је 9. октобра 1953. године.

Литература

 Македонска енциклопедија (књига друга). "МАНУ", Скопље 2009. година.

Спољашње везе

 Богомилски поход

Рођени 1919.
Умрли 2001.
Македонци (народ)
Прилепчани
Комунисти Македоније
Југословенски партизани
Политички комесари НОВЈ
Личности радничког покрета Југославије
Омладина у Народноослободилачкој борби
Носиоци Партизанске споменице 1941.
Одликовани Орденом народног ослобођења
Официри ЈНА у резерви
Друштвено-политички радници СР Македоније
Друштвено-политички радници СФРЈ
Чланови Савета федерације СФРЈ
Посланици Скупштине СФРЈ
Чланови ЦК КПЈ/СКЈ
Народни хероји - Т

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Microsoft's Windows Logo Program seems to be working in terms of hardware device drivers. I don't think I've ever had a problem with a "logo'd" piece of hardware in Windows 7.
Within the enterprise, we have more control over what people run (and can set up enterprise application stores using products such as Citrix Dazzle) but, as bring your own computing becomes popular, along with the impact of consumer technologies on enterprise IT, it seems to me that the consumer market will influence corporate IT departments, rather than the other way around.
I was having a think about this the other night (sad, I know) and I concluded that surely this will be impossible to enforce, now that HTML5 "web apps" are becoming more common?
The browser has been muted as the app-killer for several years now… I haven't seen any evidence of it happening yet. For another view, take a look at the model that Apple, Google, and Microsoft are all following in the mobile space and it seems that apps are very much alive (although Apple had to capitulate – originally the iPhone only supported web apps). The real difference is the move towards apps that do one thing well; huge application suites that do many things may well fall by the wayside.
* Of the 225,000 iPhone Applications Apple say are in the App Store 27% are free. The other 73% gives roughly 164,250 paid-for apps.
Many iPhone apps exist only because the browser experience on a phone (and particular one without flash) ain't that great. The browser isn't an app killer, its a very rich kind of a terminal.
Curated apps work on Xbox and other games consoles. Before the app store the carriers decided what got on phones, which was terrible for everyone. It seems to be the way forward for phones.
But the thing about Windows is backwards compatibility. I run an app written when Windows 95 and 98 were at their height on my 64 bit windows 7 machines. If you're on 32 bit XP/Vista/7 you can run DOS applications from the 1980s.
Microsoft are bringing Windows Phone 7 to market based on the premise that a phone doesn't need to be backwards compaible, and if your Market share can't be called dominant you can take money from anyone who wants to put their program on your platform (c.f. Xbox) therefore you can change the platform and force all apps to come from a single source.
You can't move windows to an Appstore model without going back to year zero. Trust me, as a Microsoft share holder I'd love to see 30% of all 3rd party app revenues (not profit, headline sales price) going into Microsoft, would Adobe (just for example) be happy giving 30% of the price of their software, or would they put the price up. Would any regulator see it as a good thing? And it only takes a handful of people to say they aren't playing to break the whole thing.
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My use of iOS on this post is an example. The real issue here is keeping Windows relevant as the world of desktop computing moves away from desktop and laptop PCs with a number of peripheral technologies (VDI, mobile, etc.). At the same time we're seeing consumer technology influencing the enterprise, a new generation of workers to whom e-mail (and other 1980s/90s technologies that you and I adopted in our early careers) as an irrelevance, and an increasing need to drive down costs.
A lot of your arguments seem to stem from Microsoft taking a cut on apps in any future application store. I'm not suggesting that Microsoft takes a 30% cut on all Windows applications – it might work for phones/tablets, but is almost certainly going to be a barrier to adoption across the whole desktop space. Instead I would like to see Microsoft working with its partner ecosystem to provide a method of getting apps onto Windows using an application store approach.
As for going back to year zero in order to go to an App Store model, I don't think that is the case – after all, you've been pushing App-V for a few years (if only as an MDOP benefit – a thinly veiled attempt to sell more volume license agreements) and it's not a huge jump to say that, for example, in Windows 8 all applications will need to be virtualised, either at the application or desktop layer, in support of new deployment models that increase security and quality by enforcing application checks. Windows has become more and more componentised in recent years – surely that will aid things further, as do some of the other technologies you have in the remote desktop space.
I'd like to see Windows Phone 7 succeed – Microsoft is doing a lot that's right with that platform – all that's really wrong is that it's taken too long and there's an uphill battle to fight against some of your competitors.
Some of your competitors (OK, one in particular, with almost zero enterprise penetration), have successfully turned off old technologies within one or two releases. Instead, Microsoft seems to rely on a complicated system of backwards compatibility which I beleive hinders Windows. Not only are there layers and layers of APIs and frameworks, but code that goes back to Windows NT (and even DOS) – at some time that has to be cut. If we can say that the lifecycle for an OS release, or some system software, is 5 years mainstream plus 5 years extended, why not say the same for old APIs, etc. – all of that helps in the move to a simplified Windows, where hardware, operating system, applications and data are all abstracted from one another. The trouble is that Microsoft got burned by the experience of Windows Vista and the application compatibility pain that caused. Instead of getting to the root of the problem (poor code, legacy code, etc.), it seems that the organisation has become scared of the potential backlash (it's not reported as "my applications are badly written", but "Windows doesn't work with my applications" – a difficult PR battle to overcome).
I think that about covers it… I understand that as a Microsoft shareholder and employee you need to defend their approach (at least publicly) but I'm in the fortunate position of being able to take a step back, look around at what others are doing, and pontificate on the future (that's part of my job). There's a brave new world out there – and whilst Microsoft is fighting well on the cloud and mobile fronts, it seems to have forgotten that the desktop is changing too. I really think Windows has the potential to continue as a dominant force on the desktop (consumer and enterprise) but is equally in danger of falling into decline over the next a few years, just as Windows Mobile did before the birth of Windows Phone 7.
Last point first, if my shares ever get near what I paid for them I might sell them, and I became a Microsoft employee because I agreed with the direction the company took, I didn't change my opinion because I'd been bought :-) This is all bluesky stuff so what Microsoft does in the future and what I think today can be different.
No dispute there: a tiny proportion of applications – which would never pass approval – caused all the problems. The unspoken promise with all software (apps as well as OSes) is what worked with version n works with version n+1. Break that and the product isn't acceptable to the customer.
You could strip out the backward compatiblity stuff and start again. Call it OS/3. And you could make it curated.
If you called it Windows then the EU, the US DoJ etc have basically said that all and sundry must be able to put their apps on Windows without let or hindrence from Microsoft. You and I know that in a lot of cases they darn well should be hindered but they we need a huge policy U-turn by the regulators.
They are able say "Our way or F*** off" In the unlikely event Microsoft wanted to say "No flash on Windows", regulators wouldn't allow such a thing.
People are using more kinds of device in addition to Desktop PCs, but Desktop computing itself isn't changing or only changing at the speed of continental drift – if we can't get people to give up XP what chance of getting them to "OS/3".
That's the heart of it – progress is always constrained by compatibility.
@James, as ever, we could discuss this until the cows come home… in the pub I suggest – #ITTU6?
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text:
University of Florida Health University of Florida
Connection Newsletter
UFHCC Homepage
Prostate Cancer Awareness Month — Restoring Normalcy
Larry L Yeung, M.D.
Specialty: Urology
After cancer surgery to remove his prostate about five years ago, Bernard Cancel faced a frustrating dilemma common to men in his situation — male stress urinary incontinence, or unintended urine leakage.
Cancel, now 62, was using four to five incontinence pads a day for two years to protect himself following the operation, an experience Cancel described as miserable.
But a medical device called ProACT™, implanted by a University of Florida Health urologist, has changed Cancel's life and is allowing him to regain a lost sense of normalcy.
Cancel, who lives about an hour's drive south of Gainesville in the community of Belleview, was 57 when he was diagnosed with stage III prostate cancer, which required the removal of his prostate and subsequent radiation therapy. But suffered incontinence as a result, a common side effect of the procedure.
Cancel visited UF Health Urology — Medical Plaza to see urologist Lawrence L. Yeung, M.D., an associate professor and medical director in the University of Florida College of Medicine's department of urology. Yeung recommended the implantation of the ProACT device.
"Just Dr. Yeung's aura gives me a sense of confidence," Cancel said. "I had no questions and no worries. Having this procedure is a no-brainer."
New Clinical Trials Open for Enrollment
Only Available at UF Health Cancer Center
The UF Health Cancer Center has four new open clinical trials that are only available through our center. Study-specific information is below; please send any trial inquiries to the Cancer Center's Clinical Research Office: trials@cancer.ufl.edu
A Phase II Randomized Therapeutic Optimization Trial for Subjects with Refractory Metastatic Colorectal Cancer using ctDNA (RAPID – Trial 1)
About: This randomized Phase II study will investigate the use of the Signatera ctDNA assay versus the standard scan-based approach to guide treatment in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. The aim of this study is to measure and compare the overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS) and best overall response (OR) of patients whose treatment has been guided by one of these two approaches.
Age Range: Adults, 18+ | PI: Sherise Rogers, M.D.
Tazemetostat in Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors
About: This Phase II, open label, single arm study will investigate the use of continuously administered oral tazemetostat in patients with recurrent refractory and/or metastatic malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors.
Age Range: Children and adults, 12+ | PI: Joanne Lagmay, M.D.
Accelerated Dose Schedule of Cytarabine Consolidation Therapy for Older Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia in Complete Remission
About: This Phase II, open label, non-randomized study will evaluate the safety and tolerance of administering high dose cytarabine (HiDAC) consolidation therapy on days 1-3 of each cycle, as compared to standard administration on days 1, 3, and 5 of each cycle, in patients 61 years and older with de novo acute myeloid leukemia (AML).
Age Range: Adults, 61+ | PI: Jack Hsu, M.D.
Atezolizumab Plus Tivozanib in Immunologically Cold Tumor Types
About: Despite its demonstrated potential, immunotherapy is not currently thought to be an effective intervention in the treatment of several immunologically "cold" tumors such as prostate cancer, biliary tract cancers, soft tissue sarcomas, well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors, microsatellite stable colorectal cancer, pancreatic cancer, and non-triple negative breast cancer. This study aims to evaluate the combination of the immune checkpoint inhibitor atezolizumab and the VEGF-TKI tivozanib in a variety of tumors which have a low response rate to checkpoint inhibitor therapy alone.
Age Range: Adults, 18+ | PI(s): Jonathan Chatzkel, M.D. | Brian Ramnaraign, M.D.


text:
Posted on September 19, 2017 by admin in Economy, Regulatory Reform, Tax Reform
The Republicans have enjoyed majorities in both bodies of the General Assembly for nearly seven years now, and pretty soon Phil Berger and Tim Moore will be asking for two more. This is an appropriate time to assess their performance on the economy. Even under the Perdue and Cooper governorships, policy outputs were shaped greatly by House and Senate Republicans, and they have been in the majority long enough that they must hold considerable responsibility for the state's well-being.
Of course, the country as a whole has recovered, albeit painfully slowly, from the financial crisis and deep recession of 2008-09. We are bound to be better off than we were when the GOP captured the General Assembly in the 2010 elections. The key is to compare North Carolina to other states.
In this regard we're doing pretty well, at least according to the most important economic indicators. In every year since 2011, with the exception of 2014, the state's gross domestic product has increased at a rate higher than the country and the average of our Southeastern peers. For nearly the entire period we've been just outside the national top 10.
North Carolina's economy has expanded steadily. Its average annual growth has been 1.9 percent, and it has never been below 1.4 percent or above 2.7 percent. We've avoided the boom-and-bust cycles that have afflicted states that bettered us at the beginning of the period — particularly energy producers like Texas, Wyoming, and the Dakotas — and that are beating us today, principally Western states that were embroiled in the recession for a lot longer. To be fair, the state's rankings are similar to those achieved in the 1990s and early 2000s. But it's important to note that under the Democrats in 2007-10 the state's GDP growth was, when compared to national and regional benchmarks, considerably worse than it has been since.
The performance looks even better when we examine unemployment. In 2011, only four states had a larger proportion of their workforce out of a job. Today we are ranked 26th. Migration into the state is also strong, demonstrating the desirability of North Carolina as a place to live. From 2010 to 2016 we moved up one place, from 12th to 11th, in the ranking of states by net migration per 1,000 residents. In fact, we are growing more rapidly than before. In 2012 the state gained 5.6 residents per thousand inhabitants from the previous year; in 2016 the figure was 7.9.
Despite cries to the contrary, North Carolina hasn't become materially more unequal, at least compared to other states. In 2010 the state was tied for 15th by income inequality as measured by its Gini coefficient, a statistic of dispersion regularly used to measure income distribution. We were in the same spot in 2016, still slightly below the national figure. The reason North Carolina's rank can be so high yet remain under the benchmark is that most of the top states, California, Connecticut, Illinois, Massachusetts, New York — all of these are blue incidentally — exhibit extreme inequality.
Economic policy surely has much to do with this. Over the past seven years the state has undergone a process of deregulation and fiscal disciplining that has provided solid foundations for sustainable ascent through national rankings. We moved up four places in the Cato Institute's "economic freedom" index between 2010 and 2014 — the most recent year for which data are available — although we are still just 24th. In the Mercatus Center's ratings on fiscal and regulatory policy, North Carolina has improved dramatically on measures such as short- and long-term solvency. Over the period We have moved from 21st to second in the American Legislative Exchange Council's "Economic Outlook Rank."
Not that you would know from reading the papers and watching TV. Still, blaming the media for the lack of attention to the state's strong economic performance over the past seven years only goes so far. Focus has frequently been deflected from the economy by legislators themselves. House Bill 2, in particular, hurt the GOP's agenda. Most of the states' voters were ambivalent about the bill, but as soon as they perceived it had negative economic consequences and the business community began to speak out against it, public support fell away.
Redistricting and the legislature's efforts to control the judiciary, executive agencies, and appointments to commissions seem nakedly self-interested — Public Policy Polling, for example, has found voters believe actions such as cutting the Justice Department's budget are blatantly partisan. Legislation exerting state control over matters such as municipal elections, infrastructure, and development policies confuse many who believe conservatives should support Barry Goldwater's "Ladder of Liberty" and the devolution of policymaking to the local level.
This is a shame. North Carolina's economy is strong and the Republicans in the General Assembly deserve the credit.
The preceding article, written by Dr. Andy Taylor, first appeared in the Carolina Journal on September 15, 2017 and reappears here with the gracious permission of the publisher. Dr. Taylor is a professor of political science at the School of International and Public Affairs at N.C. State University. He does not speak for the university.


Q: What are some of the methods used to take over another person's mortgage payments, say, in order to avoid the necessity of a new loan, down payment or a lender's credit review and approval process?
A: Several devices have been used for this purpose for years (e.g., unilateral lease options, land-sale contracts, contract-for-deed, all-inclusive mortgages, equity shares and bi-lateral lease-purchase arrangements); however, anyone using these devices has always had to remain ever alert and aware of their volatility and inherent dangers and downsides. One of which frequently argued-about "dangers" is the open violation the lender's alienation provisions within most (if not all) mortgages these days (i.e., the "due-on-sale clause"- DOSC).
It should be noted here as well that all of these "subject-to" transfer devices clearly subject the property and the parties ('buyer and seller) to each other's personal problems and potential litigation issues: including bankruptcy, probate, utility liens, and disputes in marital dissolution and creditor and IRS claims. In some states (Texas, in particular, some of these payment assumption methods have been declared illegal by statute (i.e., specifically the Lease Option and the CFD (Contract for Deed)…unless full title can be conveyed to a buyer within six-months following inception of the executory-contract arrangement (i.e., a transaction wherein ownership is held contingently to be released only at the promise, will or whim of the executor optionor or vendor).
Q: Can this trust transfer arrangement be used to accomplish the objectives of the seller-carry (i.e., the option, contract for deed, wrap-around or equity share) while completely avoiding all the standard risks and dangers of seller-carry, subject-to financing?
A: Absolutely! By placing one's property into a title-holding trust ('of the Illinois land trust variety) prior to the transaction and dealing with the disposition of the trust's beneficial interest, rather than with the property's deed all or in part, virtually all of the risks and dangers of subject-to financing (of any type) are eliminated.
By virtue of specific IRS regulations, a would-be buyer named as a co-beneficiary in the trust and as a triple-net lessee of the property, is fully entitled, under the law (IRC 163(h)4(D), to 100% of all fee-simple "bundle of rights" in real estate ownership, including full income tax deductions, without ever needing to be named in the mortgage or placed on the property's title ('until such time as the property would be sold, purchased outright or refinanced by the resident-beneficiary at some designated time in the future).
Q: Are there any disadvantages in owning, managing or selling a property via the trust transfer method?
A: There are none. However some could conceivably find it inconvenient to be compelled to obtain the other party's concurrence relative to matters relating to the property or its title that might jeopardize the other party's interest, or that would involve permits, room-additions, major repairs or dealing with contractors and mechanic's liens ('although such liens would fail without full concurrence of the parties in that the owner of record is the 3rd-party trustee, who will not issue or sign a work order without constructively delivered, express direction by all beneficiaries.
Recall that the beneficiaries are merely directors of the trustee and the affairs of trust's corpus (the property). Should a non-resident party (the "seller") plan to be incommunicado or absent from the area for an extended time ('or whom might simply prefer not to have to deal with any day-to-day issues), issuance of a Limited and Revocable Power of Attorney is recommended and can safely and conveniently remove all such concerns.
Q: Would the resident beneficiary be inconvenienced if the settlor beneficiary jut arbitrarily revoked the power of attorney?
A: Not really, in that such revocation would merely mean that the parties would henceforth need to abide by whatever is already written in their contract. Nothing changes. If some future occurrence or action by one party or another is agreed upon, it should be included in the documents from inception…otherwise express mutual agreement must be obtained.
Q: Can someone acquire or dispose of commercial property by this method?
A: Yes. A land trust (the generic reference to an "Inter vivos, title holding, 3rd party trustee, co-beneficiary, Illinois-type real estate holding trust") can definitely hold commercial property as well as agricultural or industrial property). Multiple beneficiaries can hold varying percentages of beneficial interest (analogous to the structure of a corporation or partnership, but without the same reporting requirements and restrictions). Do note, however, that due-on-sale protection under the 1982 "Garn St.-Germain Act (FDIRA)" extends only to residential property of four or fewer units, which means that with commercial property one is highly advised to obtain the lender's permission before vesting the property in an asset-protection inter vivos trust (the lender will typically send you a form for that purpose, asking you to name the trustee, the initial beneficiary and the trust number and date).
Q: Can a resident co-beneficiary in such a trust move from the property before the end of the agreement?
A. Yes. Although all provisions within the agreements that comprise the contract must be honored, a resident beneficiary may lease or rent the property out, or leave it vacant, if the other beneficiary/ies agree and are not fearful of harm in the process.
Q: What would happen if a beneficiary died during the term of the trust transfer (the EHTrust™?
A: Beneficial interest in the trust passes, to the heirs of a deceased beneficiary, which heirs inherit exactly the same obligations, responsibilities, rights, and privileges as held by the original beneficiary. Nothing changes except for the names of the beneficiaries.
Q: How is one's placing a home into a land trust, and then leasing it out, viewed by another (new) lender with respect to the non-resident beneficiary's applying for another home loan while he existing loan remains in place?
A: Having placed a property into the EHTrust(tm), the non-resident beneficiary will likely be evaluated as would be any "income property" owner. Although, the absence of maintenance costs and vacancy expense; and the higher than normal rent, will most often (if not always) provide for a higher-than-normal Income to Rental Expense consideration by the new lender. More likely, however, since one's ownership of beneficiary interest in a trust is not real estate and is not listed in the property schedule on the new mortgage application, it will likely not be deleterious to the new loan's approval once explained to the underwriter.
Q: What happens when a resident beneficiary fails to make the payments when due?
A: In the event of default, a 3-Day Notice to Pay or Quit is issued; followed by an Unlawful Detainer Action. By agreement, the default (within itself) is constructive notice (to the other beneficiary/ies) of the defaulting party's intent to relinquish his/her interest in the land trust. The trust may then be revoked and its property either – offered for sale, or returned to the original owner. It is agreed by parties that any claim for monetary benefit due to the defaulting party (if any can be proven) will be paid in full in the form of an unsecured promissory note; which note shall become due only upon sale of the property.
Q: What if the property loses value during the term of the EHTrust(tm)?
A: If, at the end of the trust agreement, the property can't be sold (or purchased by the resident beneficiary) for enough to return the non-resident beneficiary's initial contribution (e.g., his/her equity at start); and if the non-resident were to choose not to reduce the contribution amount: then the resident beneficiary would have the right to simply vacate the property with no further obligation. Or, by mutual agreement, the parties can agree to extend the contract or reduce the buy-out amount. Note that, as is the case with any real estate purchase, down-payment moneys, or costs of improvements can always be lost due to ordinary downward trends in the economy and real estate demand.
Q: How is the "Mutually-Agreed Value" determined at the inception of the transaction, in so much as there is no sale price per sé?
A: The "MAV" (the mutually agreed value agreed-upon between the parties) is set purely for the purpose of determining the non-resident beneficiary's initial contribution at start (e.g., his/her "equity," or "equity-credit" and the amount of any non-recurring closing costs paid in), and is generally the greater of either: A) the fair-market-value of the property inferred by a professional Comparative Market Analysis, or B) the value of the property reflected by a mutually acceptable appraisal; or C) the total amount of all existing encumbrances against the property. Simply stated, the MAV includes all encumbrances, plus the settlor's (the non-resident beneficiary's) equity at inception.
Q: Why might a home-buyer choose a trust transfer acquisition, even if the underlying mortgage were to be greater than the property's value?
A: A property's "over-encumbrance" is often perceived as simply a trade-off for one's ability to be a homeowner without the necessity of qualifying for a mortgage loan, or one's lack of a standard down-payment or having weak or no credit history. In that the trust transfer arrangement may avoid the handicap of self-employment, newness on the job, new in the area or the country, limited job history, or marginal credit history – one might choose to disregard the over-encumbrance, say, seeing it more as a "prepayment" penalty for early termination. The fact is, that if by the end of the agreement's term, the resale value of the property has not increased sufficiently to cover the loan against it and any money owed to the non-resident, then the resident may – 1) petition to extend the agreement, or 2) just move out and walk away. If the monthly (after-tax) payment is in keeping with normal rent, and if the loan need not be paid-off at any particular time, the prudent acquiring party might find an over-encumbrance wholly inconsequential.
Q: Could a mortgage lender claim that the land trust transfer method violates its due-on-sale clause?
A: It is, of course, possible but not at all practical. No one can predict what anyone–especially a mortgage lender–could [might] "claim." Such an assertion of impropriety would, however, be unlikely and directly opposed to federal law (i.e., the Garn-St. Germain Act: 12USC1701-j-3). It's conceivable that a lender's clerical staff or even its legal department could, at first, misconstrue the "intent" of the trust transfer, asserting that it was a scheme to circumvent the loan's due-on-sale clause. However, when such a claim is answered (as has happened several times in the past), the court would need to determine whether or not any laws had been broken; as well as "how" and "if" the plaintiff had been injured.
In actuality, the true (real) intent of the process is to provide asset protection for the parties and a means for passing income-tax benefits to a tenant-beneficiary in exchange for higher than normal lease payments — 'while carefully avoiding A) a due-on-sale compromise, B) obfuscation of title and 3) unauthorized transfer of real property ownership.
The trust's resident beneficiary does not receive real estate ownership, or any bargain purchase option at termination, 'i.e., for any purchase amount that is less than fair-market-value (less any accrued moneys due him by the trust). If, and/or when, the resident beneficiary would choose to acquire ownership of the property, such purchase is by necessity by means of an ordinary offer and acceptance, followed by an ordinary mortgage loan application…or a petition for a bona fide lender-approved Assignment and Assumption of the existing loan (acceptance of which is unlikely).
Q: In its nearly 100 years of use in the US, has the land trust transfer method ever been challenged by a lender claiming that its due-on-sale provisions were compromised by creation of the trust, or by the unrecorded and private assignment of beneficial interest to a third party?
A: Yes. But the challenges were immediately dropped in each case when the plaintiff was advised to review the Garn St. Germain (Law) verbiage (the FDIRA 12USC1701-j-3). It might be noted, however, that the Land Trust in many states, though fully accepted, is "statutory" in nature, meaning essentially that there is no real judicial history concerning it, and that no specific "Land Trust Act" per sé exists [yet] within the state. Although we know of no such actions in recent years, a few such actions have been brought and failed in other states — whereby in every case the courts found in favor of the defending party ('except in those cases wherein 100% of a trust's beneficiary interest was sold or assigned, or where corporate beneficiaries have attempted to use the device to transfer ownership in a commercial enterprise without authorization).
Q: Since you folks have you own legal and accounting advisers, must I consult with my own attorney and accountant regarding the feasibility of this transfer method?
A: One should always heed the advice of his/her own legal tax advisor, as well as one's own independent accountancy and real estate agency. We welcome inquiries from any of these professionals.
Q: Are most Attorneys and accountants familiar with the EHTrust™, or the "(Illinois) Land Trust" in general that is the basis and underpinning of the EHTrust™ transfer system?
A: No. Not at all. Were you to interview 100 attorneys, 20 or 30 might be accustomed to working with trusts; but of that number perhaps only 1 or 2 would be adequately versed in the nuances of "title holding [land] trusts." The best advice in this regard might be to inquire early-on as to an attorney's (or accountant's) specific knowledge of the "Illinois Land Trust." The most common respond by an ill-informed attorney is to suggest using another financing device with which he is more familiar (allowing him to charge more money); but which carries all the risks and pitfalls the EHTrust™ is designed to avoid.
Q: Are there states that don't allow the formation and use of land trusts.
A. There are none. The device's legal fiction legitimizes the land trust model in all US states. However, Tennessee, Louisiana (and possibly Washington State) do not recognize the land trust form as other than Use in Land (vs. Use in Trust), and, as a result, in those states some of the benefits of the device are lost ('such as ease of eviction while avoidance of the necessity of foreclosure re. removing an errant resident co-beneficiary). In other words, these states alone see one's beneficiary interest in a land trust as no more than ownership of the realty being held in trust. The EHTrust™ in these states provides anonymity, federal tax write-off for the resident and ease of transfer, but the ease of eviction and dispossession of an errant tenant-buyer is lost, and a non-paying resident beneficiary can claim having equity in the real estate in order to avoid eviction and force an arduous, costly and time-consuming judicial foreclosure war with the non-resident (owner) beneficiary.
Q: What happens in the event of an irreconcilable dispute between the beneficiaries of the EHTrust™?
A: Although such occurrences are uncommonly rare due to the comprehensive nature of EHTrust™ documentation and the presence of the 3rd-party legal and equitable title-holder (owner) of the property, the system works much like an escrow, 'curtailing virtually all disputes. As well, the parties clearly agree in the documentation–well in advance–that any dispute between them will be settled by the rules and binding decision of an arbitrator assigned by the American Arbitration Association, i.e., with the loser paying all such costs ('an action if employed nationally would end 90% of the useless, opportunistic and frivolous litigation in the US).
Q: What stops the grantor (settlor or non-resident beneficiary) in a revocable trust from revoking it, without the consent of the other beneficiary/ies?
A: A land trust is directed by all of its beneficiaries (i.e., by "Mutual Power of Direction"). In other words, in that the owner of the property is the trustee, and the trustee can only respond to direction by all beneficiaries in complete concert, no single beneficiary (including the settlor) can do anything to, or involving, the property or its title without the absolute concurrence and mutual direction of the other beneficiary/ies. Since the trustee must sign for any legal action, the non-resident beneficiary/ies could never alter the trust, borrow money on the trust property, or cause a lien against it, without the full agreement and direction of the resident beneficiary. Likewise, the resident couldn't add a room, install a swimming pool or increase electrical voltage (i.e., say, to install a Jacuzzi) without the full knowledge, consent and mutual direction of the non-resident.
Q: As a prospective seller, or buyer, how and where do I begin?
A: Please contact the owner of this website to inquire about initiating the transaction for you, and to locate a suitable co-beneficiary for you. We and our legal and accounting advisors will work closely with you throughout the transaction, from the initial meeting with all parties — up to the final signing phase. We will provide and prepares all documentation; the corporate trustee and the third-party collection service, all of which will work hand-in-hand, from beginning to end with everyone involved.
Q: What might be the costs for preparation of an EHTrust™?
A: Apart from any Realtors® commission, the total costs for preparation of the EHTrust™ transaction is always the lesser of one-percent (1%) of the property's mutually agreed value at inception or any published discounted fee. The fee for set-up of the land trust itself including facilitation and documentation is never more than the lesser of one percent (1%) of the properties mutually agreed-upon value at inception or $5,000 ('that is to say…'whichever is less).
The balance of closings costs (that are beyond our control and beyond our purview) could include, and may not be limited to: escrow and settlement fees; title insurance premium; prorated property taxes; hazard insurance premium; credit report, home warranty insurance policy, termite inspection; and a minimum Contingency Fund ("reserve") of at least one month's aggregate payment obligation. These costs are determined solely by the relinquishing and acquiring parties ("buyer" and "seller"). Although not a part of the standard closing costs, one should be well aware of, and budget for, the fact that the first monthly EHTrust™ payment, in that it is tantamount to a lease payment, will be due on the day of, or shortly following, the Close of Escrow with all payments thereafter becoming due and payable on the first day of each succeeding month (unless mutually agreed otherwise).
Q: Is there a maximum allowable term for an EHTrust™?
A: Not really, although it has been stated in the literature (Kenoe on Land Trusts) that a land trust could be declared as "failed," and taxed as a corporation if it were established for a term of less than three (3) years or more than twenty-one years. The impact of such characterization by the IRS conceivably could, if this assertion is factual (we have no verification of it by the IRS to date), deprive the resident beneficiary of the mortgage interest and property-tax deductions. Regarding a maximum term: the concept known as the Rule Against Perpetuities can be applied to any land trust with a term of more than twenty-one (21) years, or those land trusts without a precisely stated shorter term; or those in which remainder interests exceed the stated term of agreement (Hatfield, re. Perpetuities in Land Trusts. 40Ill.L.Rev.84(1945). However, with the proper contract verbiage, the land trust may be for any reasonable period, not to exceed the scheduled length of the underlying mortgage financing.


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separately at the cost of printing.
expected to be about 75 pages.


A class variable defined in a superclass should take precedence over a global variable.
Note that current implementation will import the bindings of every superclass environment which is questionable.
Fix a doubled statement terminator in Month class>>readFrom:.
+ 		[:x | ^x classPool bindingOf: aSymbol].
- 	binding := self classPool bindingOf: aSymbol.
binding := pool bindingOf: aSymbol.
binding := anEnvironment bindingOf: aSymbol.
ifFalse: [^ superclass bindingOf: aSymbol].
+ 	m := aStream upToAnyOf: CharacterSet separators.
- 	m := aStream upToAnyOf: CharacterSet separators..
"Month readFrom: 'July 1998' readStream"!