text:
Hellish Venus Might Have Been Habitable for Billions of Years
A team of astronomers think the torrid and toxic world was once a cozy home for potential life
By Shannon Hall on August 10, 2016
Maat Mons is displayed in this three-dimensional perspective view of the surface of Venus. Credit: NASA/JPL
Venus is—without a doubt—Earth's toxic sibling. Although both worlds are similar in size and density, our planetary neighbor has temperatures so high they can melt lead, winds that whip around it some 60 times faster than the planet itself rotates and an atmosphere that slams down with more than 90 times the pressure found on Earth's atmosphere. But there have been a few tantalizing hints that billions of years ago Venus might have been more akin to Earth's twin. In addition to their comparable sizes, the worlds also formed close together, which suggests that they are made out of the same bulk of materials. The big difference is their proximity to the sun. Because Venus is roughly 41 million kilometers closer, it receives twice as much sunlight as Earth. But a few billion years ago a slightly fainter sun might have allowed for a relatively cool Venus, one where liquid water could have pooled in vast oceans that were friendly to life.
A new study recently accepted in Geophysical Research Letters suggests that not only was Venus habitable in the distant past, it could have remained habitable for billions of years. Michael Way from NASA's Goddard Institute for Space Studies and his colleagues applied the first three-dimensional climate model—the same computer simulations used to predict human-caused climate change on Earth—to early Venus. Because previous research only looked at one-dimensional climate models on Venus (which consider incoming and outgoing radiation but do not visualize the complexities, like clouds, within an atmosphere), the results are a huge step forward compared with previous studies, scientists say. "There's a real difference between a back-of-the-envelope calculation and actually plugging it into a more sophisticated model," says Jason Barnes, an astronomer from the University of Idaho, who was not involved in the study.
The team first simulated how the Venusian climate might have looked 2.9 billion years ago. Such an ancient date required the researchers to make a few educated guesses about the early planet, such as assuming it had a shallow ocean just 10 percent the volume of that on Earth today. But the results were clear—2.9 billion years ago the second rock from the sun could have had a balmy Earth-like temperature that hovered around 11 degrees Celsius. The team then ran the model for a later Venus some 715 million years ago and found that even under the sun's heightened heat, the planet would have warmed by only 4 degrees Celsius since that earlier time. Such a slight increase in temperature would have allowed the planet's liquid ocean to persist for billions of years.
What allowed Venus to stay wet for so long? According to the models, clouds played a key role. They likely piled up on the dayside of the planet, acting as a bright shield that reflects incoming sunlight, and never formed on the nightside, letting heat radiate off into space. "To me the real takeaway message is that Venus could have been habitable for a significant period of time, and time is one of the key ingredients to being able to originate life on a planet," says Lori Glaze, an astronomer at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center who was not involved in the study. This suggestion adds a new element to the question of habitability: time. "Habitability is not something that's static," says David Grinspoon, an astronomer from the Planetary Science Institute and a co-author of the paper. "It's not just a question of a point in space, it's a point in space and time and how long a planet could potentially retain oceans, and if that's long enough to be considered a good candidate to have had an origin and evolution of life."
Those cool conditions, however, depend on whether Venus looked the same in its youth as it does today—although the researchers added an ocean, they kept Venus's present-day topography intact—and whether it has always spun as slowly as it does now, taking 243 Earth days to complete a single rotation. Because the answers to both questions are fairly uncertain, the research team also modeled what Venus's climate would have looked like 2.9 billion years ago if it had an Earth-like topography or spun at a slightly faster pace. The differences were huge. With mountain ranges and ocean basins similar to Earth's, the temperature was 12 degrees warmer than with Venus's topography. And if the rotation rate was 16 Earth days, the temperature skyrocketed 45 degrees higher than the level with its current rotation rate. The cloud pattern that kept the climate cool only formed if the planet was rotating slugglishly.
This result has vast implications for the world of exoplanets. "The community should be careful about ignoring worlds that are very close to their stars, like Venus-type worlds," Way says. If a few key characteristics such as an exoplanet's topography and rotation rate are just right, then the inner edge of the habitable zone—the region in a solar system where conditions conducive to life can arise—will be closer to the host star than is usually thought. The finding is especially important given that these close-in worlds are much easier to observe and characterize than other types of planets. The much-anticipated James Webb Space Telescope—often referred to as Hubble's successor—for example, will likely only study worlds that hug their host stars, making observations of planets with wider orbits like Mars or even Earth out of the question. Or as Ravi Kopparapu, an astronomer at The Pennsylvania State University puts it: "The closest to Earth we can get with the James Webb Space Telescope is Venus around cool stars."
But Glaze could not contain her excitement about the latest study because of the light it sheds on a rock back home. "Venus is the planet next door, the sister next door, and it's so surprising how little we know," she says. "We know Mars so much better than we do Venus. Those [plus Earth] are our three terrestrial planets in our own backyard. If we don't understand those three planets and what makes them the same and what makes them different, we're going to be hard-pressed to interpret the new planets that we're discovering outside our own solar system." Luckily, there are two Venus missions currently in competition for potential flight: One is a geophysical mission, which would map the planet in higher resolution than before. The other is one led by Glaze herself that would measure the makeup of the Venusian atmosphere.* Both could shed light on what Venus looked like in the past. "There is still more important data that we need to collect in order to put tighter constraints on these models, and we have the ability to collect those data now. We just need the missions," Glaze says.
*Editor's Note (8/10/16): This sentence was edited after posting. The original erroneously stated the proposed atmospheric mission would also return samples to Earth.
Shannon Hall is an award-winning freelance science journalist based in the Rocky Mountains. She specializes in writing about astronomy, geology and the environment. Credit: Nick Higgins
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Biden has 'developed' approach to abortion, Sister Simone Campbell says
By Kate Scanlon for CNA
Joe Biden in Philadelphia, June, 2020 Credit: Christos S / Shutterstock
Washington D.C., Jan 25, 2021 / 10:35 am (CNA).- President Joe Biden has a "very developed approach" to abortion, Sister Simone Campbell, executive director of the Network Lobby for Catholic Social Justice, said during a recent panel discussion hosted by the National Catholic Reporter.
Campbell, who also offered a prayer at the 2020 Democratic National Convention, said at the Jan. 21 discussion that the "political obsession" with the "criminialization of abortion" has broken the Church apart.
Campbell said she hopes someone interviews Biden "about what he thinks" on the issue.
"He has a very–I know from a conversation with him–he has a very developed approach to it [abortion]," Campbell said. "And for him, it hinges on religious liberty, and that he will not force his religious belief on the whole nation."
She added that many conservatives are concerned over religious freedom, and implied that Biden's "religious liberty" case for legal abortion could serve as a bridge to those citizens.
"And the far-right is glomming onto this religious liberty argument," she added. "Maybe there's a way forward there, where we could find some understanding. So that would be my hope."
Montserrat Alvarado, vice president and executive director of Becket, told CNA that Biden's treatment of the Little Sisters of the Poor will reveal how serious he is on respecting religious freedom.
"The litmus test for whether President Biden is taking the intersection of abortion and religious liberty seriously is how he treats the Little Sisters of the Poor," Alvarado told CNA.
"He will either give them an exemption or he will fight them in court, knowing full well that an exemption is the protection our laws and the Supreme Court have given Catholic nuns in this country," Alvarado said. "We should know soon."
During the 2020 presidential campaign, Biden said he would remove religious exemptions to the HHS contraceptive mandate that were granted by the Trump administration to objecting religious groups, including the Little Sisters of the Poor. If Biden follows through on that promise, it is expected that the sisters would once again have to return to court to push for a religious exemption.
Biden also supported taxpayer-funded abortion during his presidential campaign, pledging to reverse various prohibitions on federal funding of abortions, abortion providers, and groups promoting abortion. These policies include the Hyde Amendment, the Mexico City Policy, and the Protect Life Rule. The Biden administration is expected to repeal the Mexico City Policy later this week.
Campbell offered a prayer at the Democratic National Convention last year. Asked by CNA in August whether or not her social justice organization opposes legal abortion, Campbell replied, "That is not our issue. That is not it. It is above my pay grade."
"It's not the issue that we work on. I'm a lawyer. I would have to study it more intensely than I have," Campbell said at the time.
Sister Simone Campbell
Vatican Secretary of State calls for synergy in fight against poverty and climate change
Biden reverses military ban on gender transitioning
Will we go to the peripheries?
July 4, 2017 CNA Daily News 1
Orlando, Fla., Jul 4, 2017 / 08:59 pm (CNA/EWTN News).- Encountering Christ brings with it the responsibility of reaching out to those on the peripheries, Catholic leaders urged their fellow Catholics.
This service and need to bring with us the joy of the Gospel to all starts with those around us who are overlooked and reaches to the furthest ends of the globe.
"Jesus is already at the peripheries," said Supreme Knight Carl Anderson at the Convocation of Catholic Leaders. "The question for us today is whether he will be there alone or whether his disciples will be there with him."
The Convocation of Catholic Leaders was a meeting of more than 3,500 Catholic leaders, priests and bishops from around the United States in Orlando, Florida. The theme for the meeting was "The Joy of the Gospel in America."
Anderson highlighted the work of the Knights of Columbus around the globe in geographical peripheries like North Korea, Latin America, Africa and the Middle East.
"As missionary disciples, we must make the Universal Church a presence at the peripheries as the process of globalization continues," he urged attendees.
"However," he continued, "the most difficult challenge may not be reaching out to the world. The most difficult challenge may be in reaching out to our own neighbors."
In ministering to those on the peripheries in one's immediate area – in one's parish, in one's neighborhood, in one's family – Catholics are challenged to go outside of themselves and be a living witness of Christ.
"Those who are closest to us are the ones who discern most clearly the authenticity of our witness."
This care for the peripheries closest to us extends to the American Church at large as well, Anderson said.
"There is no other Catholic country in the world that has as much diversity as America," he said, detailing the wide range of demographic, geographic and cultural experiences present in the Catholic Church in the U.S.
"We have the opportunity to do something so fantastic for Catholicism in the world and no other country has the opportunity to do something so fantastic."
A life of missionary discipleship in one's family or nation does not diminish the responsibility of U.S. Catholics to care for those on the peripheries worldwide.
"There is no reason the U.S government should ignore the plight of Middle Eastern Christians," Anderson urged, emphasizing again the work of the Knights of Columbus in protecting Christians of the Middle East.
Anderson's speech was part of a larger session focused on the peripheries, a word used often by Pope Francis to refer to the outskirts of geographic and social boundaries.
His comments were followed by a panel discussion on how the Church works in the peripheries in the United States and across the world.
Dr. Ansel Augustine, a campus minister at St. John's University and former head of the Office of Black Catholic Ministry in the Archdiocese of New York, highlighted the gifts that black Catholics have to offer the Church at large in America.
"Sometimes when we talk about black Church or black Catholicism, it's met with some kind of shock or even at times disgust, because normally when we hear the notion of the word 'black,' it's with the connotation of negativity," he said.
This connotation, along with the long history of how persons of African descent have been treated in the U.S., make the black Catholic Church part of the peripheries, he noted.
The black Catholic community also has many gifts to give the American Catholic Church. He pointed to the example of the five African American men and women whose causes for canonization are open: Venerable Pierre Toussaint and Venerable Henriette Delille and Servants of God Fr. Augustus Tolton, Sister Thea Bowman, Mother Mary Elizabeth Lange, Julia Greeley.
"That's important to us and that's our story, our pain, our struggle," he said.
"All we ask is that the Church that we love show us they love us back."
Sr. Norma Pimentel, MJ, Executive Director of Catholic Charities in the Rio Grand Valley spoke about her experience ministering to immigrants coming over the southern border. She explained that many people coming over have experienced hurt and pain by other people who are Catholic as well.
When reaching out to those people, she said, "you have to trust that God is with you."
She also stressed the importance of placing Christ and love for the other person at the center of outreach to people in vulnerable situations.
"If our work isn't grounded in the love of Christ, it quickly becomes about us," she said.
Lastly, Sr. Pimentel explained what can be learned from people living and ministering in the peripheries.
"The people in the valley, somos familia (we are family). We take care of one another," she said. "Welcome the immigrants in your communities. They need you."
Fr. Paul Check, Rector of St. John Fisher seminary and former Executive Director of Courage, a ministry for Catholics who experience same-sex attraction, spoke about chastity.
"Chastity is part of the Good News of Jesus Christ," and a message that is needed in the world, he said.
"Our Lord would not ask us to do something that is impossible," he explained, "but he also told us that we would be a sign of contradiction in the world. That contradiction is not to be provocative, and certainly not to be belligerent, but it is to invite people to the fullness of Joy, that living the life of Christ lived in this world will bring."
Persons who have lived one way of life and then, through conversion, have started living another way are an essential part of the Church's evangelization and ministry to those on the margins.
Fr. Check encouraged all to "be bold in your charity and chastity for the kingdom and God's grace will help you."
Carolyn Woo, former president and CEO of Catholic Charities explained how CRS goes about its work of ministry and service even in the most difficult of situations. In many countries where CRS serves, governments are hostile to Christians and Catholics.
Maintaining a Catholic identity in countries hostile to Catholics and Christians
"In some countries conversion is punishable by death," Woo said, adding that in some cases, proselytizing actions could risk the lives of the people CRS serves as well as those of local lay faithful, priests and bishops.
Despite these challenges, "we have to go to serve and there can be no conditions."
In countries all over the world, regardless of the state's beliefs, CRS ministers. In some cases, this example of Christian life has resulted in changing perceptions among the public about what it means to be Christian, accompanied by a "sense of solidarity and trust for American Catholics," she said.
In this, Woo continued, CRS sees its ministry as a form of evangelization.
"What does evangelization really mean? For us it means making real God's love. The truth is God loves everyone all the time, and this love is very real."
Federal executions put on hold while court case moves forward
November 21, 2019 CNA Daily News 0
Washington D.C., Nov 21, 2019 / 04:01 pm (CNA).- A federal judge on Wednesday issued a preliminary injunction halting federal executions in the U.S., saying that a challenge to the proposed execution method should be given time to receive a court rulin… […]
Catholics in Tennessee, Virginia pray as their bishops face surgery
Arlington, Va., Nov 27, 2018 / 02:00 pm (CNA).- Catholics in the Dioceses of Arlington, Virginia, and Knoxville, Tennessee, are praying for their bishops as they face serious health challenges.
Bishop Michael Burbidge of Arlington, VA, is reco… […]
Sister S. Campbells S.S.S. has continued her veiled comments relative to the moral(not political) issue of taxpayer funding of Abortion. President Biden has continued his forceful efforts to require public funding and support of rampant abortion efforts. He mistakenly feels the vast majority of citizens support his effort, He is incorrect and regardless, the moral and Constitutional conflict is a matter of good and evil; not a numerical poll! Sisters of Social Service have been harmed irreparably by Sr. Campbell's involvement!
mrscracker
Simple moral decency is not above any of our paygrades whether we are lawyers or not.
Peter D. Beaulieu
Sinister Campbell announces: ""He [Biden] has a very–I know [!!!] from a conversation with him–he has a very developed approach to it [abortion]; and for him, it hinges on religious liberty, and that he will not force his religious belief on the whole nation."
"Developed," as in disinterred (?) from the identical and 36-year-old rhetorical invention of former New York Governor Cuomo, himself lip syncing back a full 60 years to President Kennedy in 1960. Campbell and her tribe are cerebral necromaniacs…
Not at all "developed" or new is the disinterred Big Lie as already in the words of Cuomo who (like Kennedy) could not see the difference between the universal natural law and any added defense that still might be offered by, say, one church or another or by reason (!) alone. To defend the truth about humanity, Cuomo argued (in 1984), would be to impose his Church's morality on all of society and would constitute a sectarian "Catholic theocracy."
Thus commeth in full disguise the "Biden theocracy," aided and abetted by the amnesiac or lobotomized Campbells (read Camp followers) of this world.
Instead, this clarity from what is also forgotten by our "new paradigm", ecclesial "throwaway culture:" Pope St. John Paul II: "the Church is in no way the author or the arbiter of this [moral] norm . . . [she] proposes it to all people of good will. . . ." (Veritatis Splendor, n. 95, 1993).
Gilberta
"Developed?" Is that like "evolved?"
Spare me.
Any chance of Sr. Simone clueing in how dated her schtick is?
J.P.G.
'Developed ' – ? from the 'seeds of the devil' as the Holy Father has warned a while ago as to how self pity and its sadness can be like the seeds of the devil..
good articles from other Christians on same topic and not to expect God to show up for the related pity party ..
Those who promote same , are they in turn asking for persons to make decisions based on such attitudes , which , in turn can be like the leaven that can take over whole batch of dough and we already see laws that promote such attitudes being enacted ..
Thank God that we live in times that reveals to us more explicitly how loving and thanking God is not just a past time to be chosen when it suits us.. how every life is His Will ,is to be lived in praise and gratitude , for the Gift of Life , in Him, with all ..
The so called 'choice ' to sow the seeds of the devil and to make decisions based on same – God help us to discern what we are truly asking for as did the 'riff
raff ' among the Israelites who had the self pity of not having meat , even though they had what they needed and more – God's Presence , each other ..yet ,instead , craving for the 'meat ' of Egypt , of the cruelty and slavery and God using such an occasion to warn us – in condoning similar attitudes , instead of the love and gratitude we owe to The Spirit as The Life Giver ..
https://bookofheaven.org/book-of-praying-the-round/book-of-the-round-ordinary-time-2/
"Fees Must Fall": What is going on in South Africa?
Allen Ottaro November 2, 2016 0
In late September, while on a visit to South Africa, I quickly found out that almost everyone was talking about "Fees must fall," in reference to nation-wide protests by students demanding free university education. By […]

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Plane crashes near Canandaigua Airport; pilot suffers serious injuries
CANANDAIGUA – The pilot of a single-engine aircraft that crashed into an open wheat field near the Canandaigua Airport on Tuesday afternoon was able to remove himself from the craft although he suffered what the Ontario County Sheriff's Office said were serious but not life-threatening injuries.
Lt. Tate Colburn said the 911 center was notified at approximately 2 p.m., possibly by a nearby resident who heard the crash.
First responders arrived within five minutes at the field near Brickyard and Yerkes roads in the town of Canandaigua, Colburn said.
The crash scene was about a quarter mile from a section of Yerkes Road roughly northeast of the airport, just past a stand of trees.
The pilot, who Colburn said is an man who flies out of Canandaigua Airport, was not immediately identified. He was the sole occupant.
"There was no fire or anything like that with the aircraft," Colburn said.
Investigators were still at the crash scene as of late Tuesday afternoon, searching through the craft and combing through nearby vegetation. Colburn said representatives from the National Transportation Safety Board and Federal Aviation Administration were on their way to the crash scene.
Colburn said the craft was "damaged pretty well" but believes it was more of a controlled crash and was not aware of engine damage. The pilot had flown out of the airport earlier in the day, but it was not immediately known if he was returning at the time of the crash, Colburn said.
"As it stands right now, we're still in the process of investigating the reason for the crash," Colburn said. "However, NTSB and FAA are ultimately responsible to make those determinations."
https://www.democratandchronicle.com/story/news/2022/06/21/canandaigua-ny-plane-crash-pilot-injured-near-airport-brickyard-yerkes-road/7693697001/
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The following table is a partial list of artificial objects on the surface of Mars. Most are defunct after having served their purpose, but the Spirit rover and the Opportunity rover are still operational. The Phoenix lander is the most recent man-made object to land safely on Mars. The list does not currently include smaller objects such as springs, fragments, parachutes, heatshields. The landers of the MER rovers, or other mission objects may be included in the future.
Spacecraft reached Martian surface, but contact was not established after landing.
Spacecraft reached Martian surface, but transmissions stopped after 25 seconds.
Active rover as of 2009.
The Beagle 2 Spacecraft may have hit Mars while attempting to enter orbit and parts of the spaceship may have reached the surface of Mars although it may have also bounced off. It is not confirmed to be on the surface of Mars.


This collection of 520 scanned images from the Hyde Park Historical Society collection was completed in 2010, through a collaboration between Historic Boston Incorporated (HBI), Hyde Park Main Streets, Hyde Park Historical Society and the Hyde Park Branch Library.
This collection highlights the historic people and places of Hyde Park and events of regional and even national significance that took place here—such as the presence of Hyde Park's 54 th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry Regiment (one of the first official African American units in the US armed forces, which saw extensive service in the Union Army during the Civil War), or Hyde Park's early role in the advancement of women's voting rights (when in 1870, 47 Hyde Park women, led by the Grimke sisters, flouted the law of the land and voted in an election—50 years before the 19th Amendment gave women the right to vote in 1919!).
You can read more about the original scope and details of the project here (PDF). A full listing and description of the images is here (PDF). The image library can also be searched for keywords using the box below. The image library is best viewed with desktop computer settings.
Collection: The Hyde Park Neighborhood History Collaborative.


Carly has two years of experience in the field of architectural lighting. As a lighting designer, she recognizes the importance of balancing light with architecture. She's excited to join the Exposure Team and use her knowledge & experience to assist clients. She serves as a Communication Co-Chair at BSA - Women in Design Chapter.
In her spare time, Carly loves to travel, explore new restaurants, and spend time with family and friends.
Please feel free to contact Carly with any lighting questions at cgordillo@exposure2lighting.com or 617.269.9900.


Welcome home to ULTIMATE URBAN LIVING in this contemporary and luxurious 2br/2ba condo with a parking space in downtown Tampa! This condo offers a very practical split floor plan with a GORGEOUS kitchen with STAINLESS STEEL VIKING appliances and neutral GRANITE countertops! The master features LARGE double closets as well as a perfect spot for a shoe rack or jewelry stand. No need to pack your pool toys and head to an elevator, you have POOL ACCESS off of your back PATIO!! This is one of the best features of this condo!! This isn't a tiny balcony that you can only put one wobbly chair on, this patio can fit comfy furniture and you can walk out your patio to enjoy the Florida sun, refresh in the pool or enjoy a sunset dip in the jacuzzi after working out at on-site fitness center. Also this building is very DOG FRIENDLY and if you buy this condo, you have the dog walk area right out your back door!! Other perks of this condo is a 24 hour full service concierge that will assist you in anything you need. Storage lockers to keep your mail and packages safe. Did I mention that you have a coffee and bar on the bottom floor as well as a theater to add to your entertainment. There is a lot of new development happening in downtown Tampa and NOW is the time to buy to ride that real estate wave up!! Don't hesitate and come and view this beauty TODAY!!


text:
Q: Using the decimal EditText to change Currency ? I am building a very simple currency converter app for a course I am doing.
The App has a decimal Edit text box where you enter the amount and when you press the button it will convert the amount from £ sterling to U.S dollars and gives the user the difference in a Toast message.
I need help with the java code for the currency conversion part , if anyone can help that will be much appreciated.
xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
    android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
    android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
    android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
    tools:context="com.example.hydraquip_10.myapplication.MainActivity">

    <ImageView
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:id="@+id/imageView"
        android:layout_alignParentTop="true"
        android:layout_alignParentLeft="true"
        android:layout_alignParentStart="true"
        android:src="@drawable/currency"
        android:scaleType="center" />

    <EditText
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:inputType="numberDecimal"
        android:ems="10"
        android:id="@+id/editText"
        android:layout_marginTop="134dp"
        android:layout_below="@+id/imageView"
        android:layout_alignParentLeft="true"
        android:layout_alignParentStart="true" />

    <Button
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="Get Result"
        android:id="@+id/button"
        android:layout_marginTop="35dp"
        android:onClick="changeCurrency"
        android:layout_below="@+id/editText"
        android:layout_alignParentLeft="true"
        android:layout_alignParentStart="true" />

    <TextView
        android:layout_width="fill_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:textAppearance="?android:attr/textAppearanceLarge"
        android:text="Enter amount £"
        android:id="@+id/textView"
        android:layout_alignBottom="@+id/editText"
        android:layout_alignParentLeft="true"
        android:layout_alignParentStart="true"
        android:layout_marginBottom="56dp"
        android:gravity="center" />
</RelativeLayout>

main java
package com.example.hydraquip_10.myapplication;

import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.EditText;
import android.widget.Toast;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
    }

    public void changeCurrency(View view){

        EditText changeNumber = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.editText);
        Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "Currency = $" + changeNumber.getText().toString(),Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();

    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
O'Brien very hopeful of Blaze of glory next year
October 3rd, 2018 10:00 AM
By Denis Hurley
Great run: Clona Blaze.
KEVIN O'Brien was left cursing the nature of the draw as Clona Blaze finished third in the final of the Irish Greyhound Derby at Shelbourne Park – but he believes that the local dog will be back stronger in 2019.
Drawn in trap six, the two-year-old put in an immense performance to come third as 12-1 outsider Ballyanne Sim took victory in one of the fastest renewals ever. O'Brien was proud of his charge, though rueful at what might have been.
'I was very confident beforehand,' he says, 'I thought that we could win.
'The night before the race though, there was torrential rain and on the drive up to Dublin I was worried to see how the track was running.
'In 13 races before the final, all of them were won by dogs from traps one to four, none of the wide seeds were performing and Graham Holland said that the track was very slow on the outside.
'The dog that won, our dog beat him by five lengths in the quarter-final. We hadn't been too concerned about him and neither were the bookies! I knew he had early speed but didn't think he had that kind of clock in him.
'You could tell by the times that the track was running fast. Clona Blaze got out like he wanted him to but it was too heavy going on the outside and he wasn't able to pull him in. A time of 29.52 was phenomenal, it would have been good enough to win 95 percent of derbies, but that's dog racing.'
Kevin's father John, a county SFC winner with Clonakilty in 1952, was present at the race, something which delighted him.
'He kept greyhounds in Clon and London, so that's where the bug came from, I guess,' Kevin says.
'I was delighted he was able to make it, it was great to have him at the final. Just to get there, never mind win a prize, was fantastic in his eyes.'
Looking ahead, Kevin sees no reason why Clona Blaze can't continue his progress.
'Well rest him for a while and then enter him in the Night of Stars in November,' he says.
'The plan is to take him to the English derby early next year and then have ready for next year's Irish derby. He only turned two on August 18th so he was one of the youngest dogs in the final. He should get faster and stronger, fingers crossed he can stay fit.'
It all points to progress though, and O'Brien is delighted.
'Last year, Clona Kid reached the quarter-finals, so things are heading in the right direction,' he says.
'We have three pups coming up and one looks very promising. I want to thank my wife Gillian for putting up with me all through it and the Holland family have been absolutely brilliant.
'The town has been fantastic, there were signs up and the support was great, it would have been great to bring it back for the town. We'll have another go!'


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Arne Dankers
Name News
Medals OG
Competed in Olympic Games
Arne•Dankers
Used name
1 June 1980 in Ottawa, Ontario (CAN)
Calgary Speed Skating Club, Calgary (CAN)
NOC(s)
Speed skater Arne Dankers won a silver medal in the men's team pursuit at his only Olympic appearance at the 2006 Winter Games, but his career in the sport extends back to the age of eight, when he first began to train for speed skating competitions. He began competing internationally at the 1998 World Junoir Championships and joined the national team in 2001, after winning bronze in the 10,000m at that year's Canadian Allround Championships. He followed this up with silver in the same event, as well as the 5,000m, at the Canadian Single Distance Championships in 2002. At the time of his retirement in early 2009, he held the Canadian records in the 3,000 m, 5,000 m and 10,000 m events, and had claimed eight World Cup podium finishes and seven World Championship medals. He had previously been a member of the world record-holding Canadian team in the team pursuit event. He holds a bachelor's degree in electrical engineering from the University of Calgary and has donated his time as an ambassador for Right to Play in Rwanda.
Personal Bests: 500 – 37.58 (2007); 1000 – 1:11.08 (2005); 1500 – 1:44.01 (2007); 3000 – 3:41.96 (2005); 5000 – 6:14.01 (2005); 10000 – 13:10.58 (2005).
2nd NOC
2006 Winter Olympics Speed Skating (Skating) 1,500 metres, Men Olympic 17 CAN Arne Dankers
5,000 metres, Men Olympic 5
10,000 metres, Men Olympic 9
Team Pursuit (8 laps), Men Olympic Canada 2 Silver
Records may have been broken subsequently during the same competition.
2006 Winter Olympics 15 February 2006 Speed Skating (Skating) Team Pursuit (8 laps), Men Qualifying Round 3:47.37 1
Olympic family relations
Husband of Kerry Simpson
Listed in Olympians Who Won a Medal at the World Single Distances Speed Skating Championships (0–1–0 2007 Salt Lake City silver: team pursuit)
Listed in Olympians Who Set a World Record in Speed Skating (Team Pursuit – 12 November 2005 - 11 March 2007: 3:39.69 (12 November 2005; Calgary, CAN))
Through 1956, all Olympic field hockey gold medals were won by either Great Britain or India. They had never played each other until the 1948 Olympics, when India beat the hosts 4-0.


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First Look: Benedict Cumberbatch as Julian Assange in 'The Fifth Estate'
Source: EW
In case you missed the news, Benedict Cumberbatch is playing WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange in a DreamWorks film that has now been titled The Fifth Estate. The story follows Assange, the founder of the site that had the world on edge as it exposed dozens of secret government documents, as WikiLeaks rises to headline making fame. Told from the perspective of Assange's right-hand man Daniel Domscheit-Berg (Daniel Brühl), the film will portray Assange first as a noble crusader and then a man becomes "drunk with power as he grows increasingly paranoid and obsessed with winning the war of information." And now a first look photo of Cumberbatch (bleached blond and all) and Brühl in the film has surfaced. Look below!
Here's the first photo from Bill Condon's The Fifth Estate via EW:
Bill Condon (Dreamgirls, Kinsey, Twilight: Breaking Dawn) is directing The Fifth Estate from a screenplay by Josh Singer ("The West Wing" and "Fringe") and is based in part on Daniel Domscheit-Berg's book Inside WikiLeaks: My Time with Julian Assange and the World's Most Dangerous Website, as well as WikiLeaks: Inside Julian Assange's War on Secrecy by British journalists David Leigh and Luke Harding. Laura Linney, Anthony Mackie, David Thewlis and Alicia Vikander also star in the true story film which doesn't have a release date set yet, but is currently in production. Stay tuned for more updates on the film. Interested?
Find more posts: First Look, Photos
I'm not too sure about the bleached blonde look, but hey, it could grow on me like the blonde in Parade's End. I'd like to see this, and how both actors apply themselves to the parts.
Jennifer Meadows on Jan 22, 2013
Really looking forward to seeing Cumberbatch in a more dramatic lead. If he can put forth the type of work he did in Tinker, Tailor then this should be a riveting show. Looking forward to more postings on this.
Thexn on Jan 22, 2013
he should be The Riddler.
comic393 on Jan 22, 2013
Looks like propaganda.
Jesse Bangerter on Jan 23, 2013
Julian Assange is not pleased about this movie, and claims this is just more lies?
David Banner on Jan 25, 2013


Hello, I have a 1957 Bel Air 2-door hardtop, v-8 & automatic. It is a very nice looking car that anyone would be proud to own. My wife says I have too many toys. The car is Highland green w/green interior (correct). All chrome is excellent. The car is beautiful and reliable. Located in Florida.


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PLN managing editor quoted in article on CoreCivic board member Thurgood Marshall, Jr.
Sludge.com, Aug. 2, 2018. https://readsludge.com/2018/08/02/thurgood-mars...
Thurgood Marshall Jr. Is Giving Thousands to a Private Prison PAC
Marshall, Jr., has been on the board on the second largest private prison company in the United States since 2002. In just 2016, he received $221,000 in compensation for working on the board.
PUBLISHED ONAUG 2, 2018 5:11PM EDT INFLUENCE
Gabe Schneider @gabemschneider
Thurgood Marshall Jr., the older son of the renowned civil rights leader and Supreme Court justice of the same name, donates thousands annually to a political action committee run by CoreCivic, the second largest private prison company in the United States.
The grandson of a slave, Thurgood Marshall was the first president of the NAACP Legal Defense fund and the first African-American justice on the Supreme Court. An ardent and radical civil rights advocate, his arguments won African Americans the right to vote in primaries in the South and, at least in law, worked to end segregation.
His son, Marshall Jr. joined the board of CoreCivic Inc., formerly known as the Corrections Corporation of America, in 2002 after serving as Assistant to the President and White House Cabinet Secretary in the Clinton White House. In 2016, he received $221,000 in compensation for working on the CoreCivic board.
CoreCivic has drawn attention in the news for profiting from mass incarceration and detaining immigrants on behalf of Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE).
The United States is the world's leader in mass incarceration, with a total of 2.3 million prisoners as of 2018. In 2015. U.S. private prisons incarcerated 8 percent of the total prison population —126,272 people—a population that tends to be young, Black, and Brown.
"What the company does, from a broad perspective, is profit from the criminal justice system," said Alex Friedmann, associate director of the Human Rights Defense Center. "Since they rebranded themselves as a real estate investment trust back in 2013, they've marketed themselves as a real estate company, but their real estate primarily consists of correctional facilities."
Since 2004, Marshall Jr. has donated $62,500 to CoreCivic's political action committee, which has spent 90 percent of its campaign contributions this cycle to elect Republican legislators.
What about the other 10 percent? Four Democrats have also received money from CoreCivic this cycle. In the House, CoreCivic's PAC has contributed to Democrats Tim Ryan of Ohio, a Presidential-hopeful who challenged Nancy Pelosi for Speaker of the House and Rep. Henry Cuellar of Texas, one of the 18 House Democrats who joined the Republican party in voting for a GOP resolution in support of ICE. In the Senate they have given to Democrats Martin Heinrich of New Mexico, who said he donated the money to charitable causes and Sen. Jon Tester of Montana.
"I'm afraid that when politicians accept donations from these companies, they also are then pushing for policies that house migrants in remote locations like Folkston, Georgia, far from families, legal counsel, better laws, and so on," said Prerna Lal, an immigration attorney and founder of DreamActivist, an online advocacy network led by undocumented youth.
The first CoreCivic facility was established in 1984 in a converted Houston motel to hold immigration detainees for the Immigration and Naturalization Service. In 2015, it looked as if CoreCivic's long standing business model was in trouble; Stocks plummeted when the Obama administration announced it would phase out federal contracts with private prison companies. But in response to the Trump administration's reversal of that policy, stocks for CoreCivic and GEO Group (the largest private prison company in the U.S) soared.
In 2017, 52 percent of CoreCivic's income was based on contracts with ICE, the US Military, and the Federal Bureau of Prisons. According to the most recent data available, as of 2015, 62 percent of immigration detention beds were operated by private prisons like CoreCivic, but there is significant evidence that percentage has increased substantially. Between 2017 and so far in 2018, CoreCivic has received more than $250 million in funding from ICE.
"I [worked with] an asylum seeker who sought asylum at the California border, but was sent to a remote location in Georgia where he is very likely to lose and be deported due to the refugee roulette," said Lal. "The system of immigrant detention harms due process, and stacks the odds against us."
CoreCivic, which earns close to two billion dollars annually, also spent $840,000 lobbying federal legislators in 2017. Among other policy asks, they advocated for "increased funding for inmate work programs," which civil rights groups like the ACLU have criticised as "exploitative." Beyond policy papers and federally required lobbying statements, it's hard to say what CoreCivic lobbyists advocate for.
"The companies will argue at great length that they do nothing to lobby about length in sentences, or about who's getting locked up or how long. But you pretty much have to take them at their word for that," Friedmann said. "Presumably they're getting something. Because if I pay a buck at a donut shop, I want a donut. If they're paying 1.5 million for lobbying, I'm pretty sure they're getting something for that."
When Marshall Jr. was nominated to the Board of Directors for CoreCivic, a contributing factor to his candidacy was that we would provide a "contribution to the Board's cultural diversity." CoreCivic's Board includes several other high-profile figures whose backgrounds seem contradictory as representatives for private prisons. Charles L. Overby, a fierce advocate for free-press and the former Chairman of Washington D.C's Newseum, is a board member of CoreCivic, which in the past employed an "aggressive media strategy" to counter journalists.
Marshall Jr. declined to comment on why he is on the board of a private prison company.
Friedmann said that years ago, he spoke with Marshall Jr., asking asking why he would join a company that doesn't seem to represent his father's legacy. His response to Friedmann was this: to make the company better.
"Of course, it's nice of him to get a large stipend for doing that and thousands of shares of stock. Years later I asked him, how is the company better," said Friedmann. "And he didn't really have a response to that."


As one of the most conflict-ridden regions in the world, the Horn of Africa remains highly vulnerable to violent extremism. With the prevalence of structural conditions conducive to radicalisation and the proliferation of terrorist activities across the region, the need to bolster multilateral responses for countering violent extremist (CVE) is urgent.
As part of the outreach and consultation process for the EU Global Strategy on Foreign and Security Policy (EUGS), the EUISS and the Netherlands Presidency of the Council of the EU organised a conference to assess the current multilateral approaches to CVE in the Horn of Africa. Regional experts and officials came together to identify context-specific root causes of radicalisation and formulate policy recommendations to address socio-economic marginalisation, environmental degradation and poor governance in the region.


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Robertine Cox
7 Feb 1929 - 4 May 2004
Grave site information of Robertine Cox (7 Feb 1929 - 4 May 2004) at Poplar Cemetery in Sullivan, Sullivan, Indiana, United States from BillionGraves
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Nasceu: 7 Feb 1929
Morreu: 4 May 2004
Poplar Cemetery
1678 N County Road 475 W
Sullivan, Sullivan, Indiana
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Sullivan,Sullivan,Indiana
Life timeline of Robertine Cox
Robertine Cox was born on 7 Feb 1929
Robertine Cox was 2 years old when Great Depression: In a State of the Union message, U.S. President Herbert Hoover proposes a $150 million (equivalent to $2,197,000,000 in 2017) public works program to help generate jobs and stimulate the economy. The Great Depression was a severe worldwide economic depression that took place mostly during the 1930s, beginning in the United States. The timing of the Great Depression varied across nations; in most countries it started in 1929 and lasted until the late-1930s. It was the longest, deepest, and most widespread depression of the 20th century. In the 21st century, the Great Depression is commonly used as an example of how far the world's economy can decline.
Robertine Cox was 11 years old when The Holocaust: The first prisoners arrive at a new concentration camp at Auschwitz. The Holocaust, also referred to as the Shoah, was a genocide during World War II in which Nazi Germany, aided by its collaborators, systematically murdered some six million European Jews, around two-thirds of the Jewish population of Europe, between 1941 and 1945. Jews were targeted for extermination as part of a larger event involving the persecution and murder of other groups, including in particular the Roma and "incurably sick", as well as ethnic Poles and other Slavs, Soviet citizens, Soviet prisoners of war, political opponents, gay men and Jehovah's Witnesses, resulting in up to 17 million deaths overall.
Robertine Cox was 27 years old when Disneyland Hotel opens to the public in Anaheim, California. The Disneyland Hotel is a resort hotel located at the Disneyland Resort in Anaheim, California, owned by the Walt Disney Company and operated through its Parks, Experiences and Consumer Products division. Opened on October 5, 1955, as a motor inn owned and operated by Jack Wrather under an agreement with Walt Disney, the hotel was the first to officially bear the Disney name. Under Wrather's ownership, the hotel underwent several expansions and renovations over the years before being acquired by Disney in 1988. The hotel was downsized to its present capacity in 1999 as part of the Disneyland Resort expansion.
Robertine Cox was 36 years old when Thirty-five hundred United States Marines are the first American land combat forces committed during the Vietnam War. The United States Marine Corps (USMC), also referred to as the United States Marines, is a branch of the United States Armed Forces responsible for conducting amphibious operations with the United States Navy. The U.S. Marine Corps is one of the four armed service branches in the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) and one of the seven uniformed services of the United States.
Robertine Cox was 44 years old when Munich massacre: Nine Israeli athletes die (along with a German policeman) at the hands of the Palestinian "Black September" terrorist group after being taken hostage at the Munich Olympic Games. Two other Israeli athletes were slain in the initial attack the previous day. The Munich massacre was an attack during the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, West Germany, in which the Palestinian terrorist group Black September took eleven Israeli Olympic team members hostage and killed them along with a West German police officer.
Robertine Cox was 60 years old when The tanker Exxon Valdez spilled 10.8 million US gallons (260,000 bbl; 41,000 m3) of oil into Prince William Sound, Alaska, causing one of the most devastating man-made maritime environmental disasters. A tanker is a ship designed to transport or store liquids or gases in bulk. Major types of tankship include the oil tanker, the chemical tanker, and gas carrier. Tankers also carry commodities such as vegetable oils, molasses and wine. In the United States Navy and Military Sealift Command, a tanker used to refuel other ships is called an oiler but many other navies use the terms tanker and replenishment tanker.
Robertine Cox was 65 years old when The Rwandan genocide begins when the aircraft carrying Rwandan president Juvénal Habyarimana and Burundian president Cyprien Ntaryamira is shot down. The Rwandan genocide, also known as the genocide against the Tutsi, was a genocidal mass slaughter of Tutsi in Rwanda by members of the Hutu majority government. An estimated 500,000 to 1,000,000 Rwandans were killed during the 100-day period from 7 April to mid-July 1994, constituting as many as 70% of the Tutsi population. Additionally, 30% of the Pygmy Batwa were killed. The genocide and widespread slaughter of Rwandans ended when the Tutsi-backed and heavily armed Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) led by Paul Kagame took control of the country. An estimated 2,000,000 Rwandans, mostly Hutus, were displaced and became refugees.
Robertine Cox died on 4 May 2004 at the age of 75
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Grave record for Robertine Cox (7 Feb 1929 - 4 May 2004), BillionGraves Record 4975152 Sullivan, Sullivan, Indiana, United States


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HOME > ABOUT AMY > BIOGRAPHY
Senator Amy Klobuchar
Working for the People of Minnesota
Serving Minnesotans
About Minnesota
Issues/ Legislation
In 2006, Amy Klobuchar became the first woman elected to represent the State of Minnesota in the United States Senate. Throughout her public service - both as chief prosecutor in the state's largest county and now as a U.S. Senator - Amy has always embraced the values she learned growing up in Minnesota. Her grandfather worked 1500 feet underground in the iron ore mines of Northern Minnesota. Her father, Jim, was a newspaperman, and her mother, Rose, was an elementary school teacher who continued teaching until she was 70
On January 4, 2007, Amy Klobuchar took the oath of office to represent the people of Minnesota in the United States Senate.
Amy has taken these Minnesota values to heart to get results for the people of the North Star state.
Before being elected to public office, she was the leading advocate for successful passage of one of the first laws in the country guaranteeing 48-hour hospital stays for new moms and their babies..
In 1998, after serving as a partner of two of Minnesota's leading law firms, Amy was elected to serve as the prosecutor for Hennepin County, which includes Minneapolis and 45 suburbs. During her eight years as County Attorney, Amy made the prosecution of violent and career criminals her top priority. She was a leading advocate for successful passage of Minnesota's first felony DWI law, for which she received a leadership award from Mothers Against Drunk Driving. Her safe schools initiative, community prosecution efforts, and criminal justice reforms earned national awards, including from the U.S. Department of Justice under both the Clinton and Bush administrations. She was elected by her colleagues to serve as president of the Minnesota County Attorneys Association.
In 2006, the people of Minnesota elected Amy to be their U.S. Senator. Since arriving in the Senate, Amy has been a strong advocate for middle-class families and Minnesota values on the critical issues facing our nation, from promoting long-term economic growth and job creation to bringing fiscal responsibility and accountability to Washington, from supporting our Minnesota businesses, workers, and farmers to developing homegrown energy.
Amy has always understood her first duty is to represent the interests of the people Minnesota. She acted quickly to obtain full funding for the I-35W bridge, the eight-lane highway which was rebuilt in a record nine months after tragically falling into the Mississippi River. She fought to ensure that Minnesota National Guard members received the full benefits they earned, and helped turn Minnesota's ground-breaking "Beyond the Yellow Ribbon" program into a national model. She worked closely with Minnesota farmers to pass a strong Farm Bill that will boost the state's agriculture industry. And she has helped hundreds of Minnesota families navigate the difficult and complicated international adoption process.
At the national level Amy took the lead to pass the most significant consumer product safety legislation in a generation, keeping foreign toxic products off our shores and out of our stores, and helped push through a new law to protect children from unsafe swimming pools. She also authored a bipartisan law to establish national health standards for formaldehyde in composite wood products, protecting public health and ensuring an even playing field between domestic wood products and foreign imports. She was part of a group of senators who fought for the creation of a bipartisan commission to address our nation's looming debt crisis. And she helped pass the most sweeping ethics reform since Watergate.
As chair of the Subcommittee on Competitiveness, Innovation, and Export Promotion, Amy has been a leading voice in calling for an innovation agenda that can help grow our economy and create jobs in America. She has authored legislation to help small businesses tap into new markets abroad. And she helped pass the Travel Promotion Act that will bring millions of additional visitors and billions of dollars to the U.S. each year.
Her work has gained national recognition. Working Mother Magazine named her as a 2008 "Best in Congress" for her efforts on behalf of working families. The American Prospect named her a "woman to watch."
The Washington Post has described Klobuchar as "a rising star," while the Star Tribune reported on her substantial progress, calling her "a fast-moving legislator."
Amy serves on five Senate committees: Agriculture, Environment and Public Works, Commerce, Judiciary and the Joint Economic Committee.
Amy was the valedictorian of her Wayzata High School class. She graduated magna cum laude from Yale University and the University of Chicago Law School. Her senior essay in college, published as the book "Uncovering the Dome," chronicles the 10-year-history behind the building of the Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome and is still used at colleges and universities across the country.
Amy is married to John Bessler, a native of Mankato, who attended Loyola High School and the University of Minnesota. Amy and John have a daughter, Abigail, who is 15 and who began her sophomore year of high school this fall.
Senator Klobuchar's Offices
Northwest & Central
Main Fax: 202-228-2186
1200 Washington Avenue South, Suite 250
1134 7th Street NW
Rochester, MN 55901
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LYN ST. JAMES RETURNS TO BRICKYARD INVITATIONAL FOR VROC RACE
July 23, 2019 by Kim
Popular Dick Simon Named Grand Marshal For IMS Weekend
Southlake, TX (July 23, 2019) – Sportscar Vintage Racing Association (SVRA) announced today that two of the most popular names of Indianapolis 500 lore have announced plans to be on hand at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway (IMS) for the Brickyard Invitational – one as a driver, the other in an officiating capacity. Lyn St. James will drive in SVRA's Vintage Race of Champions (VROC) Charity Pro-Am presented by Chopard Watch, while Dick Simon will be Grand Marshal for the Brickyard Invitational, August 3 and 4.
"Whenever I am around Lyn and Dick at the Speedway, I see how excited fans are to see them, talk to them, and get an autograph or a selfie," said SVRA President and CEO Tony Parella. "Dick's racing career dates back 50 years to 1969 and through all that time he earned great praise assisting and mentoring young drivers. That list of drivers included some big names like Arie Luyendyk, and, of course, Lyn St. James."
St. James, a seven-time starter in the Indianapolis 500 and the event's rookie of the year in 1992, raced in 15 Indy car races in her career. While many fans know Lyn best for her Indianapolis 500 achievements, she is an accomplished road racer and has earned numerous laurels at the wheel of a variety of racecars. She is a two-time competitor in the 24 Hours of Le Mans (1989 and '91). She was even more successful in 62 IMSA GT events, amassing a record of six wins, 17 top-five and 37 top-ten finishes. Her 1985 GT victory at Watkins Glen remains the only time a woman has scored a win in that series driving solo. Lyn raced in the 12 Hours of Sebring nine times, winning the GTO class in 1990, and was a two-time winner in the GTO Class at the 24 Hours of Daytona. Lyn raced in 53 Trans Am races with seven top-five finishes. She has held 31 international and national closed circuit speed records and is a member of the Florida Sports Hall of Fame and the SCCA Hall of Fame. She has competed in all of the Indy Legends Pro-Am races since 2014 and has raced in a variety of cars on different tracks at SVRA events. Lyn has also authored articles for SVRA's Speed Tour Magazine.
Simon, who maintains a level of physical fitness that is the envy of many younger drivers, is one of the most colorful characters of Indianapolis 500 history. Brimming with personality he saw the promotional value for his sponsors of being the first car to take to the track when practice opened in May. A veteran of 17 Indianapolis 500s, he scored a best finish of sixth in 1987. He was a highly respected team leader who helped launch the careers of not only Luyendyk and St. James, but other notables such as Raul Boesel and Scott Brayton. He also managed the team for Eliseo Salazar's IndyCar victory at Las Vegas Speedway in 1997.
The VROC Charity Pro-Am presented by Chopard Watch is a Saturday, August 3 feature event at the Brickyard Invitational. The cars are 1963 to 1972 vintage Corvettes, Camaros, and Mustangs of SVRA "Group 6" A and B Production. The professionals will be paired with amateur drivers. Amateurs will start the race and be required to drive a maximum of seven laps.
The Indianapolis Motor Speedway Brickyard Invitational VROC Charity Pro-Am will benefit the Morgan Adams Foundation. The foundation supports laboratory and clinical research in the area of pediatric cancer, with an emphasis on tumors on the brain, spine, and central nervous system. Morgan Adams was a five-year-old girl who lost her battle with brain cancer in 1997. The foundation has a history of working with vintage racers to support their cause.
In addition to the Pro-Am, there will be a festival of other activities at the Brickyard Invitational including professional Trans Am by Pirelli series races on Saturday and Sunday. The weekend also presents the Hagerty Insurance "cars & caffeine" car corral, and 300+ vintage racers ranging over 100 years of automotive history racing in SVRA Groups 1 through 12.
Brickyard Invitational ticket information: Fans can order Brickyard Vintage Racing Invitational tickets for either or both days of the event online through the Speedway or by calling 800-822-INDY or 317-492-6700 between 9 a.m.-5 p.m. (ET) Monday through Friday. Fans can also visit the ticket office at the IMS Administration Building at 4790 West 16th Street between 9 a.m. – 5 p.m. (ET) Monday through Friday. Tickets for groups of 20 or more also are available. Contact the IMS Group Sales Department at (866) 221-8775 for more information. Children 15 and under are admitted free each day when accompanied by an adult. RV camping passes in the IMS infield start at $60 and camping access begins Friday, August 2.


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Quite a week we've had. First came the uproar over Donald Trump's taxes, then the tumult of the Trump-Biden debate, followed by the biggest bombshell of all: the president's positive Covid test. His infection, pundits quickly opined, shows the pandemic plays no favorites. The coronavirus has become, this conventional wisdom holds, "the great equalizer."
Nonsense. The pandemic hasn't "equalized" anything. The pandemic has left us more unequal, as we detail in a set of 13 charts now getting wide play nationally. U.S. billionaire wealth soared $821 billion in the six months after Covid-19 burst out big-time. And at the other end of the spectrum? New Washington Post data paint a grisly picture: Since March, "the less workers earned at their job, the more likely they were to lose it."
Amid all this past week's blockbusters, hardly anyone paid much attention to the release of a report that, in normal times, makes major news: the latest edition of the Federal Reserve's triennial Survey of Consumer Finances. One analyst's take on the new Fed numbers: Millionaires and billionaires last year held 79 percent of U.S. wealth, up from 60 percent in 1989. By 2050, at this pace, our richest will hold nearly 99 percent of our nation's wealth. If we let that happen, we won't have much of a nation.
Chuck Collins, for the Institute for Policy Studies Inequality.org team
INEQUALITY BY THE NUMBERS
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An Army of Doctors for Everyone, Not Just Trump!
Trump's VIP medical treatment may be the ultimate illustration of the extreme inequities that run throughout our health care system. For the president, Chris Christie, and other elite players who flout Covid-19 precautions, the government spares no expense. Meanwhile, low-wage essential workers who take risks day in and day out, by the nature of the jobs they do, have to struggle to get even basic testing and treatment. Poor people who've had enough of this apartheid system have formed a new Nonviolent Medicaid Army. This past week, in eight states, activists in this new army marched to demand the universal right to health care.
PETULANT PLUTOCRAT
A CEO Awfully 'Conscious' of His Own Well-Being
What does America need? The answer Whole Foods founder and CEO John Mackey gave last month hawking his new book, Conscious Leadership: "We need justice, and we also need freedom." What don't we need? A $15 minimum wage. Mackey, a self-described proponent of "conscious capitalism," opposes a national wage floor as well as government involvement in providing health care or any other service "that a business can make money doing." Three years ago, Mackey also opposed the Jana Partners hedge fund when the "greedy bastards" — Mackey's phrasing — bought a stake in Whole Foods and insisted on changes designed to make the grocery chain "more profitable." But then Mackey proceeded to profiteer. He sold Whole Foods to Amazon for $13.4 billion, a move that brought Jana a tidy $300 million windfall. What exactly does Mackey's "conscious leadership" entail? Apparently not listening to workers at Whole Foods suppliers facing wage theft and unsafe workplaces. This past January, Whole Foods denied workers in North Carolina's sweet potato fields "the dignity of a formal meeting."
BOLD SOLUTIONS
San Franciscans to Vote on CEO Pay Tax
On November 3, San Francisco voters will have a chance to crack down on one of the key drivers of inequality: the extreme pay gaps between CEOs and their workers. Proposition L would increase tax rates on local business revenue, ranging from an additional 0.1 percent on corporations that pay their CEO more than 100 times their typical San Francisco worker pay to 0.6 percent for companies with pay ratios of 600 to 1 or more. The measure would be a twofer. It would encourage companies to narrow their pay gaps while generating an estimated $60 million to $140 million per year for social programs. Inequality.org co-editor and CEO pay expert Sarah Anderson spoke at length about the ballot measure for the San Francisco Public Press "Civic" podcast.
GREED AT A GLANCE
Ivanka Trump as a Consultant for a Pizza Parlor?
The warmest and fuzziest phrase in the political folklore of American capitalism? "Family-owned business"! These few words evoke everything people like and admire about the U.S. economy. The always welcoming luncheonette. The barbershop where you can still get a haircut for less than $20. The corner candystore. But "family-owned businesses" have a dark side, too, as we can see all too clearly in the Trump Organization, an empire of enterprises owned by one Donald Trump. We now know — thanks to last week's landmark New York Times exposé on Trump's taxes — far more about this sordid empire than ever before. But the exposé's complicated details tell the simplest of stories: how great wealth lets wealthy families get away with greed grabs that would shove families of mere modest means into the deepest of hot water. Inequality.org co-editor Sam Pizzigati has more.
This week on Inequality.org
Omar Ocampo, Vacant Housing. A new report addresses housing shortages and vacancies in Los Angeles.
Phyllis Bennis, Defense Industry CEOs Are Getting Even Richer off Funds That Were Supposed to Go for PPE. The Trump administration took $1 billion in stimulus money that was supposed to go towards making masks and other protective equipment for the pandemic — and gave most of that cash to weapons manufacturers.
Chuck Collins, The Worst Part of Trump Paying Zero Taxes? It's Probably Entirely Legal. The tax code has one set of rules for the super rich and another for everyone else. A cottage industry exists to help our rich avoid their fair tax share.
Derek Robey, The New Physics of Inequality: Compounding Advantage for the Rich and Accelerating Disadvantage for the Bottom 60 Percent. Researchers are examining how inequality is becoming more durable and intractable.
Sarah Anderson, For Laid-off Workers, Trump's Lies About Trade and Jobs Are Hard to Swallow. We need a fresh approach to trade that lifts up workers everywhere — not the CEOs who pit workers and communities against each other for their own personal gain.
Andrew Park, Fed Bailout Allows Private Equity Pirates to Loot $10 Billion From Companies They Own. Wall Street executives are taking advantage of the pandemic to enrich themselves while plundering companies in their portfolios and putting worker jobs at greater risk.
Edgar Villanueva and Chuck Collins, It's time for wealthy donors to embrace reparations, not more charity, MarketWatch. A powerful next step any philanthropic institution can take would be to transfer 10 percent of its assets to a trust fund led by indigenous and Black Americans.
Morris Pearl, Our tax system, not Trump, is the scandal. It's designed to help rich people avoid taxes, USA Today. The top rate for long-term capital gains is just 20 percent, meaning a billionaire making millions of dollars a year from his investments will end up with a lower top tax rate than someone working for a salary of just $41,000.
Lynn Parramore, How Corruption is Becoming America's Operating System, Institute for New Economic Thinking. In the original Gilded Age and in ours today, the wealthy have seized the main levers of power and bent them to their own objectives.
Martyn Rawlinson, One trillion reasons for a windfall tax, Morning Star. A call for a windfall tax that would transfer one-third of UK top 1 percent wealth into a self-sustaining community wealth fund.
Amy Hanauer, It's Time to Change the Tax Laws to Make Donald Trump and Corporate Giants Pay Up, JustTaxes. Trump-like tax avoidance leaves the public sector underfunded.
Lola Butcher, America the Unhealthy: Inequality kills, Knowable. Smoking, poor diet, lack of exercise? Yes, but that's not all. A researcher tells us what really hurts U.S. life expectancy.
Nick Rizzo, A tale of two billionaires, Brooklyn Paper. Two billionaires are spending tons of dollars to avenge personal vendettas -- and distort New York state politics.
Miles Kampf-Lassin, Abraham Lincoln Taxed the Rich. This Election Day, Illinois Can, Too, Jacobin. On Election Day, the state can follow the example of Abraham Lincoln and finally establish a progressive state income tax.
Seth Hanlon, Andres Vinelli, and Christian Weller, Repealing the ACA Would Put Millions at Risk While Giving Big Tax Cuts to the Very Wealthy, Center for American Progress. If the Affordable Care Act were to be repealed, as Donald Trump so desperately desires, the richest 100 U.S. billionaires would pocket a total 2020 tax cut of $12.6 billion.
Kim Phillips-Fein, Is Amy Coney Barrett Joining a Supreme Court Built for the Wealthy? New York Times. The court's future decisions could give corporations even more power and workers less, by blocking potential legislation that might mitigate the impact of unfettered capitalism and staggering inequality.
A FINAL FIGURE
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Co-Editors: Sarah Anderson, Chuck Collins, Sam Pizzigati, and Brian Wakamo
Contributors: Marc Bayard and Bob Lord
Production: Justin Smith


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