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Home / Opinion / Joe Dowd: Impassioned words for those who speak with their actions
Joe Dowd: Impassioned words for those who speak with their actions
By: Joe Dowd	June 13, 2019	2 Comments
Jon Stewart testifies for September 11 Victim Compensation Fund (Video courtesy of C-SPAN)
John Stewart embracing a first responder on Capitol Hill Tuesday, holding the bunker gear of Firefighter Ray Pfeifer, FDNY. (Photo by Emily Top via Twitter)
Just prior to testifying before Congress Tuesday, Jon Stewart was presented with Ray Pfeifer's bunker coat.
If you know friends of firefighters, you know why some of us wept at the image, as Stewart did.
It is an honor to hold the armor of the fallen. These are the heroes of old, the men of renown of Genesis. In this case, these are men who charged up the stairs on 9/11 with abandon to save others. These are the firefighters who worked tirelessly to recover the remains of New Yorkers who were buried amid the toxic ruins.
These warriors were our first line of defense, the army sent to protect us that day, and they are dying, by the hundreds now, from 9/11-related illnesses.
Stewart was about to testify before a House subcommittee about the need to extend funding for those sickened from The Pile. He would be speaking for the scores of first responders in attendance, many of them gravely ill from the recovery efforts 18 years ago. He would be speaking for Pfeifer, his friend, who worked at Ground Zero and then became a tireless advocate for those who were sickened from the poisoned air.
Pfeifer, of Port Washington, died of 9/11 cancer in 2017. Firefighters gave Stewart his bunker coat.
Stewart's heart-wrenching statement had shamed the committee, many of whom didn't bother to show up.
"It's an embarrassment to the country and a stain on the institution and you should be ashamed of yourselves, for those who aren't here, but you won't be because accountability doesn't appear to be something that occurs in this chamber," Stewart said.
Stewart, the former host of "The Daily Show," spoke eloquently for so many first responders, past and present, who let their stoic actions under fire speak for themselves.
Their bravery was on display again in Manhattan Monday.
A New York City firefighter strides toward the scene of a helicopter crash in midtown Monday, along with an army of first responders and Gov. Andrew Cuomo. (AP Photo/Mark Lennihan)
A helicopter crashed in dense fog into a midtown skyscraper. The FDNY and others responded in force, filling the streets around 7th and 51st with apparatus.
You could see it in a photo of a firefighter, arriving with Gov. Andrew Cuomo.
You can see it in the young man's eyes. Just look.
In a single glance, the firefighter said: "We're here. We got this. We're going to put it out, no matter what."
Nothing was going to stop him or the army of firefighters sent to save lives and protect property Monday in midtown. Nothing would stop them.
I have been privileged to cradle the armor of my fallen hero.
We should all have the honor of holding their bunker gear, or to touch their helmets, or to remember every day that they were our first line of defense on the worst day of our lives. With steely determination – humility and dignity – they told the rest of the world that New York would not be defeated, that we were still standing, and nothing was going to stop us.
Maybe if Congress could see us, with their armor cradled in our arms, it would permanently fund spending for 9/11-related illness.
Joe Dowd is editor and associate publisher of LIBN. His column appears here weekly. He is the son of a decorated fire officer, Batt. Chief. Joseph D. Dowd, Jr., FDNY. (Dec.)
9/11 FDNY health politics 11:42 am Thu, June 13, 2019 Long Island Business News
Joe Dowd
Tagged with: 9/11 FDNY health politics
House approves $15 minimum wage but Senate prospects are dim
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Orthopedic group acquires practice
New York sues Trump administration over SALT deduction
Flo Federman
Dammit Joe! Why'd you have to bring that onion in here, clouding my eyes? Another wonderful article about such an important discussion.
Donna Martini
Thank you Joe… I coached a few responders after the event. Their breathing was my first course of action. In my head I kept hearing, "Their lungs were traumatized and now every time they take a breath, the trauma comes back." This caused so many of them to shallow breathe for such a long time. My friend Marvin Bethea said he was coughing up chunks of concrete for weeks and weeks afterward. He wound up having a stroke and then pneumonia. He now has a feeding tube and hasn't eaten food in over three years. He's still fighting for money to help with his care. Jon really gave these responders their due. Finally NY government is being held accountable.
Joe Dowd is the editor & associate publisher of Long Island Business News.
He can be reached at joe.dowd@libn.com or (631) 913-4238. Follow him on Twitter @JoeDowdNews.
Prominent Long Islanders remember the moon landing 50 years ago – and how it changed their lives.


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L' (UANA) en espagnol ou  (ASUA) en anglais est l'association continentale des fédérations nationales américaines de natation, fondée en 1948. Elle supervise les compétitions internationales américaines de natation sportive, natation synchronisée, plongeon et water-polo.

Membre elle-même de la Fédération internationale de natation, l'UANA chapeaute deux confédérations continentales : la Confederación Sudamericana de Natación pour l'Amérique du Sud, la Confederación Centroamericana y del Caribe de Natación pour l'Amérique centrale et les Caraïbes.

Zones et membres
L'UANA répartit ses membres en quatre zones. Les deux confédérations régionales et les deux fédérations nationales sont responsables des compétitions internes à leur zone, même si quelques fédérations géographiquement proches peuvent participer.

La zone 1 est organisée par la Confederación Sudamericana de Natación (CONSANAT) à laquelle appartiennent douze fédérations de pays d'Amérique du Sud : Argentine, Bolivie, Brésil, Colombie, Chili, Équateur, Guyana, Paraguay, Pérou, Surinam, Uruguay et Venezuela.

La zone 2 est organisée par la Confederación Centroamericana y del Caribe de Natación (CCCAN) à laquelle appartiennent vingt-quatre fédérations de pays d'Amérique centrale et des Caraïbes : Antilles néerlandaises, Antigua-et-Barbuda, Aruba, Bahamas, Barbade, Bermudes, les Îles Caïmans, Costa Rica, Cuba, République dominicaine, Dominique, Salvador, Grenade, Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaïque, Mexique, Nicaragua, Panamá, Porto Rico, Sainte-Lucie, Saint-Vincent-et-les-Grenadines, Trinité-et-Tobago et les Îles Vierges des États-Unis.

Les zones 3 et 4 comptent chacune un seul pays organisé par une fédération nationale des sports aquatiques :
 la zone 3 par l'United States Aquatic Sports pour les États-Unis,
 et la zone 4 par la Fédération aquatique du Canada pour le Canada.

En , trois fédérations nationales du continent américain sont membres de la Fédération internationale de natation, mais pas d'une confédération de l'UANA : Saint-Christophe-et-Niévès, Îles Turques-et-Caïques et Îles Vierges britanniques.

Notes et références

Liens externes
 Site officiel de l'UANA en espagnol et en anglais.

Organisme dirigeant de natation
Sport en Amérique
Organisation panaméricaine

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Small wild cat native to southern North America and South America. Known also as Eyra. It is a secretive, generalist predator, with a slightly smaller body than lynxes.
Small wild cat native to southern North America and South America. Known also as Jaguarundi.
North American carnivour - known also as Mountain Lion
is a genus within the family Felidae - includes jaguar, lion, tiger, and other species
Lives in Europe and North America - has ears with tufts of black hair
New four legged addition to Ketterick family
Similar to Lynx, but smaller
One of the Felidae, lives in snowy environs
Also known as Pallas's cat
The fasted mammal on land
Extinct with saber-shaped canine teeth
You can find him in Serengeti National Park
Native to the southern and central regions of South America. It is about the size of a domestic cat. Nocturnal and a solitary hunter. Its proper Latin name is "Leopardus geoffroyi"
Native from the eastern Himalayas to Southeast Asia. You can find marble in its name.
Smallest cat in the Americas. You can construct first syllable (of two identical) in his name by taking a three letter name of the fish and replacing C with K
Native to Central and South America, solitary and nocturnal.
The biggest carnivore in South America.
Loves water, which is rather rare in Felidae family
Lives in small groups called prides.
Medium-sized wild cat native to Africa, the Middle East, Central Asia and India, with long tufted ears.
Its range extends from Himalaya to main land China. First part of the name sounds like a sky during the day when you cannot see Sun.
Small spotted cat ranging from Central America to central Brazil. You can get last two syllables of its name from Priscilla.
Also called Manul. Size of the domestic cat - lives steppes of Central Asia.
Has solid black spots and streaks on its coat, round ears, and white neck and undersides. Native to the southwestern United States, Mexico, and Central and South America.
Wild cat endemic to the island of Borneo. First syllable of its name is the same as the name of body of water (similar but smaller than gulf)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Felix Teichner ist der Name folgender Personen:

* Felix Teichner (Archäologe) (* 1966), deutscher Provinzialrömischer Archäologe
 Felix Teichner (Politiker) (* 1991), deutscher Industriemechaniker und Politiker (AfD)


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Discover trending Celebrity Snapchat posts tagged with #Theddlovato hashtag.
The #Theddlovato hashtag is a topic or interest in celebrity snapchat channel. Sort #Theddlovato hashtag by Trending Today, Trending in 2019, and Latest.


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The future is Brave - Your next browser will pay you
Best Life's ChannelDec 4, 2018, 9:39:47 PM
"Businesses are increasingly relying on Facebook and Google to find customers, but the cost of using their platforms is rising. Customers and advertisers have little control if they're only using the data supplied to them by these companies." — Sam Carter, CEO of Fospha
You're about to witness a movement that will make the shift from desktop to mobile look boring. Google and Facebook amass staggering amounts of money by harvesting your data and charging advertisers for your attention, but that's going to change very soon.
The power is about to shift from the tech giants of Silicon Valley to the foot soldiers of the internet: Me and You.
Advertisers are not happy
Despite the purported precision of modern advertising technology, tracking and targeting are still primitive, as anyone who has purchased something on Amazon and then had ads for that item follow them around the internet can attest.
It is a constant challenge for marketers to make sense of the complicated troves of data that advertising platforms currently provide.
Problems for advertisers are compounded by shocking amounts of ad fraud.
The same things that made digital advertising powerful have made it manipulable by fraudsters.
One out of every five dollars spent on digital advertising is wasted on fraudulent clicks and impressions.
According to one independent ad fraud researcher's reports, ad fraud might be even worse than anyone thinks, since so much of it goes undetected.
Source: Dr. Augustine Fou — Independent Ad Fraud Researcher
The future is Brave
Digital advertising brings in more than $200B every year— it's not going away any time soon. Revenues from digital ads are the financial foundation upon which today's internet is built, but the system is fraught with fraud, convoluted and confusing, and absolutely hostile against the people reading articles, watching videos, and playing games. The system needs to be rebuilt from the ground up.
Enter Brave.com
Brave represents a complete rethinking of the structure of the internet.
Step 1: Navigate around the broken system
The first step toward a better system is to stop supporting the current broken one. Since the ad-tech industry has proven incapable of self-policing, this must be done at the user level, with their portal to the internet: the browser.
Brave blocks all ads and tracking by default. Brave's ad blocking cannot be easily avoided either. The use of machine learning to recognize ads instead of maintaining a blacklist of ad providers will put an end to the so-called arms race.
Users of Brave will instantly see massive speed and safety improvements, especially on mobile. Web pages viewed through Brave are two times faster on desktop and up to eight (!) times faster on mobile.
Brave 3x Faster
Step 2: Build a better system
The next step is a new paradigm of advertising that gives everyone what they want. Users get a faster, safer, more private browsing experience, publishers get more revenue, and advertisers get more for their money. A tall order.
Optional & Private
By default, ads and tracking will be turned off. Brave Ads will always be opt-in, so if you don't want to see any advertising, you can just use Brave to experience an internet without ads.
If you do opt-in, all advertising is private. Brave will never have access to your personal data, and neither will advertisers.
Local & Accurate
Instead of bogging down every website you visit, Brave Ads will be served through the browser. There will be two kinds of Brave Ads: user ads, which will show up as a notification and then open in a private tab if you're interested, and publisher ads, which will show up alongside web content like traditional ads.
Brave can understand you and your preferences at the browser level, so Brave Ads will be smarter, more accurate, and more effective than anything possible today. Advertisers will get more value for their money, and extremely detailed analytics on the effectiveness of their ads.
Fair & Smart
You, the user, will get a piece of the pie. With regular display ads, you'll receive 15% of the revenue generated, and 70% goes to the publisher. With ads shown directly to you through the browser, you'll receive 70% of the revenue. With Brave, you'll get paid for your attention.
Brave will also allow you to automatically contribute some of your earned tokens back to the sites and creators whose content you enjoy.
Instead of using dollars to move all this money around, Brave uses a smart, secure internet currency (a cryptocurrency) called the Basic Attention Token as its medium of exchange. The BAT denotes — and can be exchanged for — attention.
BAT Token
Step 3: Change the internet forever
Here's where the big picture comes into play. Brave is ultimately just the launchpad for the Basic Attention Token. Once the private ads model has been proven by Brave, the team will make it easy for developers to integrate the Basic Attention Token into everything from messaging apps and mobile games to podcasts and video streaming services.
Imagine that you're shopping for a car, and you're trying to decide between BMW and Mercedes. You have tabs open for both companies, and you've set up a test drive with BMW for 1PM on Saturday. Mercedes will pay around $70 for a lead that will take a test drive at their home two hours earlier. In this scenario, you would get paid $49 worth of BAT, which you could put toward your content subscriptions, or use to tip your favourite websites and content creators.
This example is obviously an outlier scenario (taken from Brave's CEO here), and you cannot expect to earn a full-time salary from watching ads all day, but hopefully it helps illustrate the power of this system. Instead of paying Facebook and Google to get your attention, advertisers would be paying publishers, Brave, and you.
Can this actually work?
This is all very ambitious, and by now you probably have some doubts about the project. Let me quell them.
Who is Brave?
The person leading this project is the creator of JavaScript and the co-founder of Mozilla and Firefox: Brendan Eich. The team is already 60+ strong, growing constantly, and full of people with decades of expertise. Who better to reform the web than a group of its pioneers?
Chrome wasn't built in a day
Back when people widely agreed that Microsoft had won the first Browser War, an open-source project called Firefox proved itself a serious threat to Internet Explorer. Firefox showed the world that Internet Explorer wasn't invincible, and paved the way for Google's now omnipresent Chrome browser.
Google Chrome today has about 60% of the worldwide browser market, which means it is the browser of choice for over a billion internet users. It won't be easy to take down the big-tech-backed reigning king, but Brendan Eich has already done it once.
The writing is on the wall
Brave already has 4 million monthly active users, and the software hasn't even reached version 1.0. Things will only speed up from here.
Users will embrace Brave because it is the only browser that puts their interests first, and because publishers and content creators will promote it to them.
Publishers will join the ecosystem to claim their BAT donated by Brave users, and realize that they can earn more money with Brave Ads than the alternatives, finally ending their cat and mouse game with ad blocking users.
Advertisers are always looking for the best way to maximize return on investment, and Brave will prove to be the most effective and cost efficient way to advertise, and finally give them more powerful analytics and a way to reach previously unreachable demographics.
Everyone will soon be beating a path to Brave's door, but the real exponential growth will come from the network effect. Brave will be the cool new browser that's super fast and pays you. It will be the browser that you install on everything from your work computer to your grandmother's iPad.
The Basic Attention Token will become a new standard of attention based apps, and the internet will be faster, safer, and fairer.
This is the future of the internet. Pay attention. Literally.
Thanks for your attention.
If you'd like to try Brave, you can download it here, using my referral link.
#Brave #BAT #namgiangnet #BATtoken #Token


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The ruby-throated hummingbird (Archilochus colubris) is a species of hummingbird that generally spends the winter in Central America, Mexico, and Florida, and migrates to Canada and other parts of Eastern North America for the summer to breed. It is by far the most common hummingbird seen east of the Mississippi River in North America.

Taxonomy
The ruby-throated hummingbird was formally described by the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus in 1758 in the tenth edition of his Systema Naturae under the binomial name Trochilus colubris. Linnaeus based his description on the earlier account by Mark Catesby in his The Natural History of Carolina, Florida and the Bahama Islands that had been published in 1729 and that by George Edwards in his A Natural History of Uncommon Birds that had been published in 1743. The type locality is South Carolina. The specific epithet colubris is from the Spanish colibrí meaning "hummingbird". The ruby-throated hummingbird is now placed in the genus Archilochus that was introduced in 1854 by the German naturalist Ludwig Reichenbach. The species is monotypic: no subspecies are recognised.

Description
This hummingbird is from  long and has an  wingspan. Weight can range from , with males averaging  against the slightly larger female which averages . Adults are metallic green above and grayish white below, with near-black wings. Their bill, at up to , is long, straight, and very slender. As in all hummingbirds, the toes and feet of this species are quite small, with a middle toe of around  and a tarsus of approximately . The ruby-throated hummingbird can only shuffle if it wants to move along a branch, though it can scratch its head and neck with its feet.

The species is sexually dimorphic. The adult male has a gorget (throat patch) of iridescent ruby red bordered narrowly with velvety black on the upper margin and a forked black tail with a faint violet sheen. The red iridescence is highly directional and appears dull black from many angles. The female has a notched tail with outer feathers banded in green, black, and white and a white throat that may be plain or lightly marked with dusky streaks or stipples. Males are smaller than females and have slightly shorter bills. Juvenile males resemble adult females, though usually with heavier throat markings. The plumage is molted once a year on the wintering grounds, beginning in early fall and ending by late winter.

Vocalization

The vocalizations of ruby-throated hummingbirds are rapid, squeaky chirps, which are used primarily for threats. For example, males may vocalize to warn another male that has entered his territory.

During the courtship displays, the male makes a rapid tik-tik tik-tik tik-tik sound with his wings. The sound is produced both during the shuttle display, at each end of the side-to-side flight. Also, the sound is made during dive displays. A second, rather faint, repeated whining sound is sometimes produced with the outer tail-feathers during the dive, as the male flies over the female, spreading and shutting the tail as he does so.

Distribution and habitat

The breeding habitat is throughout most of the Eastern United States and south-central and southeastern Canada in deciduous and pine forests and forest edges, orchards, and gardens. The female builds a nest in a protected location in a shrub or a tree. Of all hummingbirds in the United States, this species has the largest breeding range.

The ruby-throated hummingbird is migratory, spending most of the winter in Florida, southern Mexico and Central America, as far south as extreme western Panama, and the West Indies. During migration, some birds embark on a nonstop 900-mile journey across the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean from Panama or Mexico to the eastern United States. The bird breeds throughout the eastern United States, east of the 100th meridian, and in southern Canada, particularly Ontario, in eastern and mixed deciduous and broadleaved forest. In winter, it is seen mostly in Mexico and Florida.

During migration southward in autumn along the northern coast of the Gulf of Mexico, older male and female birds were better prepared for long-distance flight than first-year birds by having higher body weights and larger fuel loads.

Behavior and ecology
Ruby-throated hummingbirds are solitary. Adults of this species are not social, other than during courtship (which lasts a few minutes); the female also cares for her offspring. Both males and females of any age are aggressive toward other hummingbirds. They may defend territories, such as a feeding territory, attacking and chasing other hummingbirds that enter.

As part of their spring migration, portions of the population fly from the Yucatan peninsula of Mexico across the Gulf of Mexico, arriving first in Florida and Louisiana. This feat is impressive, as an , non-stop flight over water would seemingly require a caloric energy that far exceeds an adult hummingbird's body weight of . However, researchers discovered the tiny birds can double their fat mass in preparation for their Gulf crossing, then expend the entire calorie reserve from fat during the 20-hour non-stop crossing when food and water are unavailable.

Hummingbirds have one of the highest metabolic rates of any animal, with heart rates up to 1260 beats per minute, breathing rate of about 250 breaths per minute even at rest, and oxygen consumption of about 4 ml oxygen/g/hour at rest. During flight, hummingbird oxygen consumption per gram of muscle tissue is approximately 10 times higher than that seen for elite human athletes.

They feed frequently while active during the day. When temperatures drop, particularly on cold nights, they may conserve energy by entering hypothermic torpor.

Flight
Hummingbirds have many skeletal and flight muscle adaptations which allow great agility in flight. Muscles make up 25–30% of their body weight, and they have long, blade-like wings that, unlike the wings of other birds, connect to the body only from the shoulder joint. This adaptation allows the wing to rotate almost 180°, enabling the bird to fly not only forward but backward, and to hover in mid-air, flight capabilities that are similar to insects and unique among birds.

The main wing bone, the humerus, is specifically adapted for hovering flight. Hummingbirds have a relatively short humerus with proportionally massive deltoid-pectoral muscles which permit pronounced wing supination during upstroke when hovering.

A hummingbird's ability to hover is due to its small mass, high wingbeat frequency and relatively large margin of mass-specific power available for flight. Several anatomical features contribute further, including proportionally massive major flight muscles (pectoralis major and supracoracoideus) and wing anatomy that enables the bird to leave its wings extended yet turned over (supine) during the upstroke. This generates lift that supports body weight and maneuvering.

Hummingbirds achieve ability to support their weight and hover from wing beats creating lift on the downstroke of a wing flap and also on the upstroke in a ratio of 75%:25%, respectively, similarly to an insect. Hummingbirds and insects gain lift during hovering partially through inversion of their cambered wings during an upstroke. During hovering, hummingbird wings beat up to 80 times per second.

Food and feeding

Nectar from flowers and flowering trees, as well as small insects and spiders, are its main food. Although hummingbirds are well known to feed on nectar, small arthropods are an important source part of protein, minerals, and vitamins in the diet of adult hummingbirds. Hummingbirds show a slight preference for red, orange, and bright pink tubular flowers as nectar sources, though flowers not adapted to hummingbird pollination (e.g., willow catkins) are also visited. Their diet may also occasionally include sugar-rich tree sap taken from sapsucker wells. The birds feed from flowers using a long, extendable tongue and catch insects on the wing or glean them from flowers, leaves, bark, and spiders' webs.

Young birds are fed insects for protein since nectar is an insufficient source of protein for the growing birds.

Breeding

As typical for their family, ruby-throated hummingbirds are thought to be polygynous. Polyandry and polygynandry may also occur. They do not form breeding pairs, with males departing immediately after the reproductive act and females providing all parental care.

Males arrive at the breeding area in the spring and establish a territory before the females arrive. When the females return, males court females that enter their territory by performing courtship displays. They perform a "dive display" rising  above and  to each side of the female. If the female perches, the male begins flying in very rapid horizontal arcs less than  in front of her. If the female is receptive to the male, she may give a call and assume a solicitous posture with her tail feathers cocked and her wings drooped.

The nest is usually constructed on a small, downward-sloping tree limb  feet above the ground. Favored trees are usually deciduous, such as oak, hornbeam, birch, poplar or hackberry, although pines have also been used. Nests have even been found on loops of chain, wire, and extension cords. The nest is composed of bud scales, with lichen on the exterior, bound with spider's silk, and lined with fibers such as plant down (often dandelion or thistle down) and animal hair. Most nests are well camouflaged. Old nests may be occupied for several seasons, but are repaired annually. As in all known hummingbird species, the female alone constructs the nest and cares for the eggs and young.

Females lay two (with a range of 1 to 3) white eggs about  in size and produce one to two broods each summer. They brood the chicks over a period of 12 to 14 days, by which point they are feathered and homeothermic. The female feeds the chicks from 1 to 3 times every hour by regurgitation, usually while the female continues hovering. When they are 18 to 22 days old, the young leave the nest and make their first flight.

Longevity and mortality

The oldest known ruby-throated hummingbird to be banded was 9 years and 1 month of age. Almost all hummingbirds of 7 years or more in age are females, with males rarely surviving past 5 years of age. Reasons for higher mortality in males may include loss of weight during the breeding season due to the high energetic demands of defending a territory followed by energetically costly migration.

A variety of animals prey on hummingbirds given the opportunity. Due to their small size, hummingbirds are vulnerable even to passerine birds and other animals which generally feed on insects. On the other hand, only very swift predators can capture them and a free-flying adult hummingbird is too nimble for most predators. Chief among their predators are the smaller, swifter raptors like sharp-shinned hawks, merlins, American kestrels and Mississippi kites as well as domestic cats, loggerhead shrikes and even greater roadrunners, all of which are likely to ambush the hummingbird while it sits or sleeps on a perch or are distracted by breeding or foraging activities. Predatory lizards and bird-eating snakes may also prey on the species, especially on its tropical wintering grounds. Even large, predatory invertebrates have preyed on ruby-throated hummingbirds, including praying mantises (which have been seen to ambush adult hummingbirds at hummingbird feeders on more than one occasion), orb-weaver spiders, and green Darners. Blue jays are common predators of nests, as are several other corvids in addition to some icterids, bats, squirrels and chipmunks.

Gallery

References

Sources
 Robinson, T. R., R. R. Sargent, and M. B. Sargent (1996). Ruby-throated Hummingbird (Archilochus colubris). In The Birds of North America. No. 204 (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds.). The Birds of North America, Inc., Philadelphia, PA.
 Williamson, S. L. (2001). A Field Guide to Hummingbirds of North America (Peterson Field Guide Series). Houghton Mifflin. Co., Boston, MA.
 Ruby-throated hummingbird information

External links

 Tracking Migration/Journey North
 Ruby-throated hummingbird nest images (day-by-day)
 Ruby-throated hummingbird nest cycle
 Ruby-throated hummingbird species account – Cornell Lab of Ornithology
 Ruby-throated hummingbird – Archilochus colubris – USGS Patuxent Bird Identification InfoCenter
 Operation rubythroat: The Hummingbird Project
 All about the ruby-throated hummingbird
 How to Photograph Hummingbirds – including many photos of this species
 Migration map (US and Canada only)
 2007 spring migration
 Ruby-throated hummingbird stamps at bird-stamps.org

 Videos of ruby-throated hummingbirds
 Research project on the ruby-throated hummingbird in Québec
 Ruby-throated Hummingbird Migration Map Archives (2002–present)

ruby-throated hummingbird
Birds of Canada
Native birds of the Eastern United States
Birds of the Caribbean
Birds of the Dominican Republic
ruby-throated hummingbird
ruby-throated hummingbird


text:
про все і про всіх
French Prosecutors Want Air France Tried for 2009 Crash
PARIS — French prosecutors want Air France to stand trial for manslaughter in the 2009 crash of a flight from Rio de Janeiro to Paris that killed all 228 people aboard, a judicial official said Wednesday.
Prosecutors also have asked that the case against Airbus, maker of the doomed aircraft, be dropped for lack of evidence. The official wasn't authorized to speak about the case and asked to remain anonymous.
Air France Flight 447 left Rio de Janeiro for Paris but crashed into the Atlantic Ocean on June 1, 2009. The Accident Investigation Bureau found that external speed sensors were frozen and produced irregular readings on the aircraft, which went into an aerodynamic stall.
A plethora of problems appear to have doomed the flight as it traveled through turbulence. The captain was on a rest break when the emergency arose, the autopilot disengaged and the co-pilots struggled to fly the aircraft manually.
In their final summing up on Friday of the investigation, prosecutors cited negligence and insufficient training that led to chaos in the cockpit.
Airbus had warned pilots a year earlier about possible incorrect speed readings from the plane's external sensors, known as Pitot tubes, but changed them only after the crash.
A report last year that was part of the judicial investigation blamed the Flight 447 pilots for failing to apply correct procedures, thus losing control of the aircraft.
A victims group, AF 447 Victim Solidarity, contested the 2018 report, saying it freed Airbus of all responsibility in the accident.
У Боснії встановили пам'ятний хрест монахам-студитам УГКЦ
17/07/2019 by MonPol	Leave a Comment
У місті Баня-Лука в Боснії і Герцеговині духовенство Української греко-католицької церкви освятило пам'ятний кам'яний хрест з нагоди 150-ліття від дня народження блаженного УГКЦ, отця Климентія Шептицького. Цей знак, як згадка про Лавру Святого Обручника Йосифа, яка була другим монастирем монахів Студійського Уставу. У 1908 році митрополит УГКЦ Андрей Шептицький неподалік Бані-Луки заклав Студитську лавру і рівно 100 років тому, у 1909 році, Апостольська Столиця на прохання митрополита офіційно заснувала монастир.
У монастирі у 1912-1914 роках отець Климентій Шептицький і отець Леонід Фьодоров готувалися до вступу у чернече життя, тобто проходили новіціят. Обидва греко-католицькі монахи-студити померли мученицькою смертю і Папа Іван Павло ІІ у 2001 році проголосив їх новомучениками (блаженними).
«Митрополит Андрей відновив чин монахів-студитів, спричинився до реформи сестер-василіянок і служебниць, покликав в Україну редемптористів, салезіан, бенедиктинців, єзуїтів і навіть капуцинів. Він вважав, що осередками єдності Церкви мусять стати монастирі. Така концепція мала бути реалізована тут, у боснійській Камениці, коли митрополит Андрей понад 100 років тому засновував Лавру», – зауважив керівник у справах монашества у Львівській архієпархії УГКЦ Юстин Бойко під час вшанування ювілею отця Климентія Шептицького у Боснії.
У місцевій греко-католицькій церкві зберігся унікальний документ – антимінс (освячена хустина із зашитою частинкою мощів святих на престолі), підписаний митрополитом Андреєм Шептицьким 11 квітня 1913 року. На цьому антимінсі і сьогодні у Бані-Луці під час служби здійснюється таїнство євхаристії (святе причастя).
На заходах з нагоди встановлення пам'ятного хреста і вшанування 150-ти ліття Климентія Шептицького була українська громада Боснії-Герцоговини. У Бані-Луці, яка є адміністративним центром Республіки Сербської (так називається один із країв цієї держави), проживають переважно серби, але є понад 40 українських родин. За офіційною статистикою у Боснії мешкає понад 3 тисячі греко-католиків. Українці з Галичини масово переселялися в Боснію з 1908 року, коли ця територія приєдналася до Австро-Угорщини.
Posted in: Новини, Політика
Jailed Uighur Scholar's Daughter Pleads for His Freedom
STATE DEPARTMENT — "My father is a fixer, a bridge-builder, a connector. He knows that a better future is one where Han Chinese and Uighur children are in school together, are friends together and have the same opportunities," said Jewher Ilham, who pleaded for the release of her father, prominent jailed Uighur scholar and economist Ilham Tohti.
She also petitioned Chinese authorities to release all Uighur girls from so-called re-education camps before Beijing hosts the 2022 Winter Olympics.
Tohti has been serving a life sentence on separatism-related charges since 2014. Chinese authorities accused him of encouraging terrorism and advocating separatism in his lectures, articles and comments to foreign media.
22 UN Ambassadors Condemn Chinese Treatment of Uighurs
Concerns were expressed in letter to UN Human Rights Council
The scholar and economist founded the website Uyghur Online, which is aimed at promoting understanding between Uighurs and Han Chinese. He also has been outspoken about Beijing's treatment of the minority Muslim Uighurs in the far-western Xinjiang region.
"I have not spoken to him since 2014, and I have not seen him since we were separated at the airport in 2013. We were on our way to Indiana University, where my father was supposed to start a yearlong residency," Jewher Ilham told participants of the second annual Ministerial to Advance Religious Freedom, hosted by the U.S. State Department on Tuesday.
U.S. lawmakers' push
The appeal came amid a renewed push from American lawmakers urging China to change how it treats Uighurs in Xinjiang.
"The violations [in Xinjiang] are of such scale, are so big, and the commercial interests are so significant that it sometimes tempers our values in terms of how we should act," said Nancy Pelosi, speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives, said Tuesday at the ministerial.
"Unless we are willing to speak out against the violations of religious freedom in China, we lose all moral authority to talk about it any other place in the world," added Pelosi.
The House speaker also called for U.S. sanctions against Chinese Communist Party leaders in Xinjiang, who are responsible for the re-education camps.
More than 1 million Muslim Uighurs have been detained in re-education camps that critics say are aimed at destroying indigenous culture and religious beliefs.
American officials say the United States has stressed to Chinese authorities the importance of differentiating between peaceful dissent and violent extremism. They say Tohti's arrest "silenced an important Uighur voice that peacefully promoted harmony and understanding among China's ethnic groups, particularly Uighurs."
In January 2019, Tohti was nominated by a bipartisan group of U.S. lawmakers for the Nobel Peace Prize.
China rejected the nomination, calling Tohti a separatist.
"Ilham Tohti is convicted of dismembering the nation. What he did was meant to split the country, stoke hatred and justify violence and terrorism, which cannot be condoned in any country. The international community should have a clear understanding of this," Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesman Geng Shuang said this year.
This story originated in VOA's Serbian Service. Some information is from AP.
WASHINGTON — NATO's supreme commander met with Serbian political and military leaders in Belgrade on Wednesday in his first visit to Serbia since assuming the alliance's top military post.
U.S. Air Force General Tod Wolters, who in May was sworn in as supreme allied commander in Europe, a post always held by a U.S. military officer, was first hosted by General Milan Mojsilovic, head of the Serbian Armed Forces, before meeting jointly with President Aleksandar Vucic and Defense Minister Aleksandr Vulin.
"We spoke about a wide range of topics and I am glad to say that through hard work and dedication, Serbia is promoting peace and stability in the Western Balkans," Wolters told VOA's Serbian Service in a prepared statement.
Wolters did not immediately respond to questions about whether or not he planned to visit Kosovo on this trip to the region.
Serbia does not recognize Kosovo as a country, but the EU has set normalized relations between the two countries as a condition for Serbia to advance to EU membership.
Talks mediated by EU officials have been stalled for months.
President Vucic issued a statement after meeting with Wolters, in which he called NATO-led international peacekeepers on the ground in Kosovo a guarantor of security for Serbs living in Kosovo.
Vucic also said Wolters agreed to set up an emergency communications hotline between Serbian forces and the NATO-led international peacekeeping force in Kosovo (KFOR) to rapidly defuse tensions or episodes of violence.
"Good communication between the Serbian Armed Forces and the KFOR is important so that any crisis situation in Kosovo and Metohija could be immediately prevented," Vucic said. "This is a security guarantee for the Serbian people in Kosovo."
Wolters, in response, expressed his support for Serbia's efforts to maintain stability and develop cooperation in the region.
French President Emmanuel Macron, left, and Serbian President Aleksandar Vucic shake hands during an event at Veliki Kalemegdan Park in Belgrade, Serbia, July 15, 2019.
French President Emmanuel Macron met with Vucic in Belgrade on Monday, when he vowed to help jumpstart stalled negotiations to resolve Serbia's independence dispute with former province Kosovo so a lasting solution can be found for the decades-long Balkan crisis.
Macron, making the first visit to Serbia by a French president since 2001, also expressed support for the country's stated goal of joining the European Union even as he reiterated his belief that the EU must adopt reforms before adding more members.
Historically close ties between Belgrade and Paris were severely damaged when NATO forces bombed Serbia in 1999 over the country's actions in Kosovo, and by France's recognition of Kosovo's 2008 declaration of independence.
Serbia has officially been on the path to becoming an EU member since 2008. The country also maintains close ties with Russia and China, whose mounting influence in the Balkans has raised Western concerns.
"I urged France to help us on our European road and in solving the Kosovo crisis," Vucic said of his meeting with the French president.
Trump, Condemned for 'Racist' Comments, Hits Campaign Trail
U.S. President Donald Trump heads to a campaign rally in North Carolina Wednesday night, promising to continue to talk about four "vicious young Socialist Congresswomen," a day after the House of Representatives condemned him for "racist" remarks targeting the minority lawmakers.
Trump on Twitter said he would talk to his supporters in the university town of Greenville about the U.S. economy — "the best it has ever been" — but "also about people who love, and hate, our Country (mostly love)!"
Big Rally tonight in Greenville, North Carolina. Lots of great things to tell you about, including the fact that our Economy is the best it has ever been. Best Employment & Stock Market Numbers EVER. I'll talk also about people who love, and hate, our Country (mostly love)! 7:PM
He cited rising poll numbers in the early stages of his 2020 re-election contest and thanked the lawmakers, but told them, "America will never buy your act!"
Four Republicans joined every Democrat in the House on Tuesday night to approve a resolution condemning Trump's "racist" remarks. At the center of the dispute was Trump's tweet telling Congresswomen Ilhan Omar, Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, Ayana Pressley and Rashida Tlaib to "go back" to their countries to fix them before attacking the United States, even though all four are U.S. citizens, Somali refugee Omar as a naturalized citizen and other three citizens by birth.
Congresswoman Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez speaks as, from left, her colleagues Rashida Tlaib, Ilhan Omar, and Ayanna Pressley, listen during a news conference at the Capitol in Washington, July 15, 2019.
A staunch Trump supporter, Senator Lindsey Graham, said he does not think it was appropriate for Trump to tell the lawmakers to "go back" to their homelands when the U.S. is their home.
But Graham concluded, "I think the president is in a tug of war with his opponents. The question is do I think the President's a racist? No, and let me tell you why. If you're a Somali refugee and you're wearing a (Trump-themed "Make America Great Again") hat, and you're a big Trump fan, you'd probably be having dinner at the White House. So, he lashes out at people who are critical of him, and, in his view, are hurting the country and that's what this is all about."
FILE – Senator Lindsey Graham speaks to reporters after a briefing on Capitol Hill in Washington, May 21, 2019.
Republican Sen. John Kennedy said he has respect for the four congresswomen and that they are "entitled to their point of view." But he added, "I think they're left wing cranks, and I don't think that most Americans agree with them."
The House resolution, which was passed 240-187, "strongly condemns" Trump's "racist comments that have legitimized and increased fear and hatred of new Americans and people of color."
House Speaker Nancy Pelosi called for the chamber to unite "in condemning the president's racist tweets."
Her remark prompted a formal objection from Congressman Doug Collins, who argued the speaker's phrase violated House decorum. A vote of the full House, however, rejected the Republican's call for Pelosi's comments to be struck from the record.
FILE – House Speaker Nancy Pelosi of Calif. meets with reporters on Capitol Hill in Washington, July 11, 2019.
The majority of Republicans rejected the resolution that condemned the president from their party.
"This ridiculous slander does a disservice to our nation," Congressman Dan Meuser said.
Trump, who has been under fire since making the comments in a tweet Sunday, has not backed down. He used late Tuesday tweets to praise the Republicans who voted against the resolution.
"So great to see how unified the Republican Party was on today's vote concerning statements I made about four Democratic Congresswomen. If you really want to see statements, look at the horrible things they said about our Country, Israel, and much more."
Trump, who has said the lawmakers should leave the United States, was asked by a reporter during an earlier Tuesday Cabinet meeting where they should go.
"It's up to them. Wherever they want, or they can stay," replied the president. "But they should love our country. They shouldn't hate our country."
Колишній міністр закордонних справ Румунії став заступником очільника НАТО
Колишній міністр закордонних справ Румунії Мірча Джоане став заступником генерального секретаря НАТО Єнса Столтенберґа.
Північноатлантичний альянс заявляє, що Джоане «є переконаним прибічником трансатлантичних зв'язків і принесе великий досвід роботи як державний діяч і дипломат». Він стане першим румуном на посаді заступника очільника НАТО та замінить американку Роуз Гетемюллер.
61-річний Джоане раніше очолював Соціал-демократичну партію Румунії. У 2000-2004 році працював міністром закордонних справ. У 2009 він балотувався на посаду президента, але мінімально поступився Траяну Бесеско в другому турі.
Міністерство закордонних справ Португалії припинило видавати візи громадянам Ірану та посилило охорону свого консульства в Тегерані.
Візи припинили видавати тимчасово, для надання іранцям проїзних документів застосовуватимуть альтернативні механізми. У своїй заяві міністерство наголошує, що рішення не є «політичним».
15 липня міністр закордонних справ Португалії Августо Сантуш Сілва розповів парламентському комітету, що тимчасове припинення видачі віз спричинене невказаними «безпековими причинами».
John Paul Stevens, who served on the Supreme Court for nearly 35 years and became its leading liberal, has died. He was 99.
Stevens' influence was felt on issues including abortion rights, protecting consumers and placing limits on the death penalty. He led the high court's decision to allow terrorism suspects held at Guantanamo Bay to plead for their freedom in U.S. courts.
As a federal appeals court judge in Chicago, Stevens was considered a moderate when Republican President Gerald Ford nominated him. On the Supreme Court he became known as an independent thinker and a voice for ordinary people against powerful interests.
He retired in June 2010 at age 90, the second oldest justice in the court's history.
AP Explains: Questions and Answers on New US Asylum Ban
A major immigration policy shift took effect Tuesday to deny asylum to anyone who shows up on the Mexican border after traveling through another country.
The dramatic move will likely have the biggest impact on Guatemalans and Hondurans, who must pass through Mexico to reach the U.S. by land. Together, they account for most Border Patrol arrests, and they tend to travel in families. The change drew an immediate lawsuit from the American Civil Liberties Union and the Southern Poverty Law Center in federal court in San Francisco.
Here are some answers to questions about the policy, how Europe has confronted similar challenges, and how Mexico and Central American nations have responded.
How does the new policy work?
Asylum-seekers must pass an initial screening called a "credible fear" interview, a hurdle that a vast majority clear. Under the new policy, they would fail the test unless they sought asylum in at least one transit country and were denied. They would be placed in fast-track deportation proceedings and flown to their home countries at U.S. expense.
FILE – Central American migrants walk along the highway near the border with Guatemala, as they continue their journey trying to reach the U.S., in Tapachula, Mexico, Oct. 21, 2018.
There are exceptions and ways around the rule.
People fleeing persecution can apply for other forms of humanitarian protection that are similar to asylum but much harder to get. Applicants must pass an initial screening called a "reasonable fear" interview, which means that a U.S. official finds they are "more likely than not" to win their cases. The "credible fear" standard for asylum requires only that there is a "significant possibility" of winning.
There are other disadvantages. Unlike asylum, people who obtain "withholding of removal" status or protection under the United Nations Convention Against Torture cannot bring relatives or be put on a path to citizenship. The anti-torture convention holds out a possibility of being sent to a third country where they would not be tortured or even sent back to their home countries if conditions improve.
The new policy also spares victims of "a severe form" of human trafficking.
How has Europe dealt with similar challenges?
The 28-member European Union applies a safe-third-country system internally. Asylum-seekers are supposed to apply for protection in the first EU country they enter. If an asylum-seeker in Germany, for example, is found to have entered Italy first, that person can in many cases be sent back to Italy to have their claim processed there.
This system was suspended temporarily in 2015, when about 1 million migrants entered Europe irregularly, mainly by crossing from Turkey to the Greek islands before making their way through the Balkans and on to central and northern Europe.
There is also debate in Europe about which countries outside the EU can be considered safe third countries. Turkey was presumed to be a safe third country under a 2016 deal that helped reduce the migrant flow to Europe. But human rights groups questioned whether Turkey offered adequate protection to refugees.
So far, efforts to create an EU-wide list of safe third countries have not been successful. EU members make such decisions individually.
What do Mexico and Central American nations think?
Mexico has resisted U.S. efforts to become a safe third country for people fleeing persecution who are headed to the U.S. On Monday, Foreign Relations Secretary Marcelo Ebrard said Mexico would not negotiate on the matter without congressional authorization.
FILE -The words "Tijuana, Mexico" stand on the Mexican side of the border with the U.S. where migrants wait to apply for asylum in the U.S., in Tijuana, Mexico, June 9, 2019.
As part of a deal to head off threatened U.S. tariffs, Mexico has, however, agreed to U.S. expansion of a program under which thousands of asylum-seekers from third countries have been forced to wait in Mexico while their claims are considered in backlogged U.S. courts. Mexico has also assigned some 6,000 members of the new National Guard to support immigration enforcement.
Under the U.S.-Mexico deal, if migration flows do not diminish significantly, both parties would enter into new talks on sharing responsibility for processing asylum claims, perhaps as part of a broader regional agreement.
Central America's "Northern Triangle" countries of Guatemala, Honduras and El Salvador have largely been silent on migration and done little beyond blaming political opponents for the problem (Honduras) or doing publicity campaigns to warn people of the dangerous journey (El Salvador).
Guatemalan President Jimmy Morales was reportedly close to signing a third-country deal with Washington — which aides have denied. But on Sunday the Constitutional Court blocked it. A planned meeting between Morales and U.S. President Donald Trump in Washington on Monday was abruptly called off.
Are Mexico and the Northern Triangle safe?
The new U.S. policy does not require that transit countries be safe, but the lawsuit filed Tuesday says Mexico and Guatemala are not, citing U.S. government statements.
Gangs such as MS-13 and 18th Street are widespread in the Northern Triangle, particularly in El Salvador and Honduras. The gangs are the de facto authority in large swaths of terrain, and they extort businesses and workers. They are known to forcibly recruit teens and young men to join their ranks, and girls and young women to become "girlfriends." In either case, saying no can mean a death sentence.
Something as innocuous as walking in the wrong neighborhood, wearing the wrong clothes or being on the wrong bus at the wrong time can get a person killed.
Honduras and El Salvador have some of the world's highest murder rates. Last year El Salvador had a homicide rate of 50.3 per 100,000 people, down half from an eye-popping 103 per 100,000 people in 2015. Honduras' murder rate last year was 41 per 100,000 inhabitants, after peaking at 86 in 2011.
All three of the Central American nations also struggle with high poverty and scarce employment opportunities — factors that not only drive emigration but would also make it hard for refugees to build stable lives there.
Planned Parenthood to Defy Trump Abortion Referral Rule
Federally funded family planning clinics, including Planned Parenthood, are defying the Trump administration's ban on referring women for abortions, drawing a line against what they say amounts to keeping patients in the dark about legitimate health care options.
"We are not going to comply with a regulation that would require health care providers to not give full information to their patients," Jacqueline Ayers, the group's top lobbyist, said in an interview Tuesday. "We believe as a health care provider it is wrong to withhold health care information from patients."
The fallout from the confrontation between the Trump administration and the clinics remains to be seen, but groups like the American Medical Association have been warning that many low-income women could lose access to basic services like contraception. Planned Parenthood's announcement came on a day when it also replaced its president, although it's unclear if there was any connection.
The Department of Health and Human Services formally notified the clinics Monday that it will begin enforcing the new regulation banning abortion referrals, along with a requirement that clinics maintain separate finances from facilities that provide abortions. The rule is being challenged in federal court, but the administration says there is currently no legal obstacle to enforcing it.
It's part of a broader effort by the Trump administration to remake government policy on reproductive health.
In a statement, HHS did not address Planned Parenthood's decision, but said the agency is committed to working with clinics so they can comply with the new rules. While abortion referrals are prohibited, HHS noted that clinicians can still offer neutral "nondirective counseling" on abortion.
With about 400 affiliated clinics, Planned Parenthood is the largest provider in the federal family planning program for low-income women, known as Title X. The program does not pay for abortions, but until now clinics had been able to refer women for the procedure. Planned Parenthood clinics have long been a target for religious and social conservatives closely allied with the administration because the clinics separately provide abortions.
Emergency funding
Planned Parenthood acted after its Illinois affiliate and an independent provider, Maine Family Planning, announced they were dropping out of the federal program. Planned Parenthood also abruptly announced the departure of its president, physician Leana Wen, who cited "philosophical differences" in a letter to the staff. Political organizer Alexis McGill Johnson was named as acting president.
FILE – Planned Parenthood President Leana Wen speaks during a protest against abortion bans outside the Supreme Court in Washington, May 21, 2019. Wen, who became the president in November 2018, was forced out of her job July 16, 2019.
Ayers said Tuesday that Planned Parenthood clinics will stop accepting federal money and tap emergency funding as they press Congress and the courts to reverse the administration's ban. She said she's not sure how long that backup funding will last.
The federal family planning program serves about 4 million women annually through independent clinics. Taxpayers provide about $260 million a year in grants to clinics. But that money by law cannot be used pay for abortions.
The family planning rule is being challenged around the country in court cases that have yet to resolve the core issues involved. However, a nationwide preliminary injunction that had blocked the administration was recently set aside, allowing HHS to begin enforcing the rule.
Other administration regulations tangled up in court would allow employers to opt out of offering free birth control to female workers on the basis of religious or moral objections and would grant health care professionals wider leeway to opt out of procedures that offend their religious or moral scruples.
Abortion opponents welcomed the Trump administration's action.
The religious conservative Family Research Council said in a statement the rule would "draw a bright line between abortion and family planning programs" and cheered the news that clinics that had been longtime participants are dropping out. That's "freeing up funding opportunities for clinics that do not promote or perform abortions," the statement said.
Social conservatives are a bulwark of President Donald Trump's political base.
Abortion is a legal medical procedure, but federal laws prohibit the use of taxpayer funds to pay for abortions except in cases of rape or incest or to save the life of the woman.
Another requirement of the Trump administration's rule, to take effect next year, would bar clinics and abortion providers from sharing physical space.
Abortion rate
The AMA is among the professional groups opposed to the administration's policy, saying it could affect low-income women's access to basic medical care, including birth control, cancer screenings, and testing and treatment for sexually transmitted diseases.
Religious conservatives see the regulation as a means to end what they call an indirect taxpayer subsidy of abortion providers.
Although abortion remains politically divisive, the U.S. abortion rate has dropped significantly, from about 29 per 1,000 women of reproductive age in 1980 to about 15 per 1,000 in 2014. Better contraception, fewer unintended pregnancies and state restrictions may have played a role, according to a recent scientific report. Polls show most Americans do not want the Supreme Court to overturn Roe v. Wade, the 1973 ruling that legalized abortion.
The Trump administration's policy echoes a Reagan-era regulation that barred clinics from even discussing abortion with women. It never went into effect as written, although the Supreme Court ruled it was appropriate.
The policy was rescinded under President Bill Clinton, and a new rule took effect requiring "nondirective" counseling to include a full range of options for women. The Trump administration is now rolling back the Clinton requirement.
На засіданні Ради безпеки ООН про український мовний закон країни Заходу посперечалися з Росією
Jailed Uighur Scholar's Daughter Pleads for His Freedom
French Prosecutors Want Air France Tried for 2009 Crash 17/07/2019
Trump, Condemned for 'Racist' Comments, Hits Campaign Trail 17/07/2019
Колишній міністр закордонних справ Румунії став заступником очільника НАТО 17/07/2019
Португалія припинила видавати візи громадянам Ірану 17/07/2019
Former Supreme Court Justice John Paul Stevens Dies at 99 17/07/2019
AP Explains: Questions and Answers on New US Asylum Ban 17/07/2019
Planned Parenthood to Defy Trump Abortion Referral Rule 17/07/2019
monoloh g+


WELCOME BACK. Saint Catherine Siena, a tertiary of the Dominican Order, and a Scholastic philosopher and theologian. She said: "Be who God meant you to be and you will set the world on fire". In our today's article, I want to acknowledge the fact that too many people want things to be different in their lives, but they don't want to change their ways of reasoning, and that's foolishness! Foolishness is the opposite of wisdom. Everything that wisdom is, foolishness isn't. And everything that wisdom isn't foolishness isn't also. God created you to be great and to do great exploit. He created you to be unique and different. In some areas of your life, he intends for you to be just like all the other people around you. But, He made you to be different in that area because there is something different you are supposed to do with your life. You know what that difference is, even though you may be resisting it, denying it or running away from it. The truth of the matter is that, you cannot develop that unique aspect of your life and nurture the greatness that God has placed within you by hiding among the masses, doing what they do and thinking what they think. You need to take a step upward and assume your rightful place in God's orders of preference. You need to accept the responsibility for your unique assignment in life and the passion that beats within your heart. Then you need to decide to make the necessary changes inwardly that can enable you to live that passion. You also need to make the necessary changes outwardly that can set you apart from all the people who refuse to recognize and develop their potential for greatness. You can't have a victim mentality and expect to make a difference in your life. You can't think like a chicken and at the same time act like an eagle. If you can change your thinking, God can change your life and if you can persevere, God will open the doors of opportunity for you.
Ralph Waldo Emerson said, "The purpose of life is not to be happy. It's to be useful, to be honorable, to be compassionate, to have it make some difference that you have lived and lived well". You see, life is filled with choices. Now that you know what it takes to climb from mediocrity to excellence, you have a choice to make. You can either stay where you are and leave things the way they are, or you can start changing things in your life immediately. You can start acting on your passion. You can begin moving the ball forward. You can start reversing the downward spiral or stagnant condition of your life. It's up to you. To leave things like they are while dreaming about the way things could be in your life is absolutely foolishness, why? Because it will lead you nowhere and only leave you feeling guilty and frustrated. Those who are genuinely successful enjoy life to the fullness. They think and act differently. Their priorities are different. Their standards are different. This is why they rise above the struggle. This is why they transcend mediocrity. They feel differently about things. They look at things from a different perspective. They live their lives forward instead of backward. They seek to give instead of getting. They are out-front instead of lagging behind. Yes, it's possible you can make a difference. Don't let your feeling of inadequacy keep you from believing God for bigger things, because it takes only your creator who created you to change your circumstances and place you where you belong. Where you are presently is not your final destination. God has something in store for you. What you will receive is directly connected to how you believe. God's dream for your life is so much bigger and greater than you can imagine. If God showed you everything He had in store for you, it would boggle your mind. Remember, you can't have a victim mentality and expect to make a difference. If you can change your thinking, God can change your life.
This entry was posted in success and tagged Ability, Consistent, Creativity, Destiny, Development, Discipline, Dream, Encouragement, Focus, Fulfillment, God, Growth, Habit, Imagination, improvement, Increase, Insight, inspiration, Inspirational, Journey, knowledge, Liberality, Life, Love, mindset, Money, motivation, Passion, Persistence, Personal, Potential, Principles, Purpose, Pursue, Responsibility, Shine, Spiritual, success, Successful, Talent, thought, Understanding, Vision, Wisdom.
What a great advice! thank you so much Israel for this informative article. God bless you.
Thanks Dalvand for your relentless comments. You are indeed a wonderful friend. I am happy for you! Thanks again Dalvand!
You're most welcome dear friend Israel. You are deserve more. God bless you.


From his home studio in Southern California, Jeff Granito creates art for well known clients including multiple Disney divisions, Warner Brothers, DC Comics, Fox, Sesame Workshop, Nickelodeon, Paramount Pictures, Skechers, Dark Hall Mansion, Lucky Brand, Victoria's Secret, Tilly's, and many more.
Recent creative highlights include sailing as a featured artist with Mickey and guests on both the Hawaiian Islands and Inaugural British Isles Cruise.
You can buy his artwork as prints, pillowcases, pins, postcards, phone cases and many other forms that don't begin with the letter "P".


text:
Lung Health > Effects of Smoking on the Lungs
Effects of Smoking on the Lungs
The association between heavy, long-term smoking and lung problems has been recognized for over one hundred and fifty years. As early as the 1860s, physicians were warning folks about the effects of smoking on the lungs and breathing. Modern research has only served to make that link clearer and more well-founded.
Over four thousand chemicals in cigarette smoke are potentially harmful although not all are present in significant amounts. However, nicotine and other known cancer-causing compounds, known as carcinogens are. Several of them, under the heat of combustion of the tobacco leaves, bind together to form tar, a known lung-injuring compound.
Effects of Smoking on the Respiratory System
Effects of Smoking : How Does Smoking Affect Your Lungs?
Tar acts in two ways to produce stress on various parts of the lungs. Because of its sticky nature, it clings to cilia, the short, hair-like structures that line the airways, also known as bronchi and bronchioles.
Mucus producing cells in the airways are stimulated when irritants contact them. The mucus traps smoke, dust, and small organisms and the cilia move upward in a coordinated way to push that phlegm back up the passages. From there, natural muscular action coughs it up, spits it out, or swallows it.
Tar hinders the ability of cilia to perform that function. At the same time, other chemicals stimulate excess production of mucus, making it harder for the already-weakened cilia to operate. Other chemicals in cigarette and cigar smoke contribute to the breakdown of those natural clearing mechanisms. Pipe smoke will as well, but it is less likely to be inhaled, and hence tends to affect the throat, tongue, and lips more than the airways.
At the same time, tar and other substances from smoke tend to migrate far down into the lungs, ultimately reaching the end-points: the alveoli. These are the tiny sacs at the terminus of the bronchioles that exchange CO2 out of and oxygen into the bloodstream. That exchange is the primary function of breathing.
The mere physical presence of tar particles tends to interrupt the function of the alveoli, since they occupy space that would otherwise contain air or CO2. In addition, several compounds in cigarette smoke tend to weaken the walls of the alveoli and otherwise damage their natural function.
Long Term Effects of Smoking in the Lungs
Diagram showing difference between a healthy lung and that of a tobacco smoker
Over time, the effects of smoking builds up as can be seen by the black stains visible on a smoker's lungs. Gradually, lung capacity is reduced. Over a period of years, the chemicals continue to injure all the parts of the lung and airways, representing a major risk factor for COPD, including chronic bronchitis and emphysema, as well as other lung diseases.
The odds of a long-term, pack-a-day smoker contracting these conditions are about ten times higher than a person who never smoked. Fortunately, quitting now can reduce your odds of disease to near the levels of a non-smoker. After about five years of non-smoking, your chances of contracting lung cancer, for example, are only somewhat higher than those of a smoker.
How Do Our Lungs Work
How to Keep Your Lungs Healthy
What Is Chronic Bronchitis
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease – COPD
COPD Treatment Options
Symptoms of Lung Cancer
Different Tests for Lung Cancer
Lung Cancer Treatment Options
What Is Tuberculosis Disease


text:
Egypt Travel Guide and Information | things to do in Egypt
Pharaohs, Queens and Rulers of Egypt
King Sahure | Sahura | 5th Dynasty Kings
Sahure was the second pharaoh of the Fifth Dynasty in ancient Egypt. He ruled Egypt for 12 years in the 25th century BC and built a pyramid for himself at Abu Sir, thus moving away from the tombs of his Fourth Dynasty ancestors located at Saqqara and Giza, where his ancestors built the pyramids at Giza, and perhaps the presence of the Temple of the Sun built by Userkaf, founder of the Fifth Dynasty there, was the motivation for that.
King Sahure
(About 2500 B.C). Pharaoh of ancient Egypt of the fifth dynasty (Heliopolis). He built a merchant fleet with which his sailors reached the coast of Phenicia and, it seems, the land of Punt (western Somalia). He organized various mining expeditions in Sinai.
The commercial expansion culminated with Sahure, pharaoh of the 5th dynasty, who managed to reach the coasts of Phenicia and the land of Punt (Somalia) by sea and established contacts with Crete.
Sahure was the second king of the Fifth Dynasty. He is represented celebrating the success of this venture in relief from his mortuary temple which shows him offering a myrrh tree in the garden of his palace named "Sahure's splendor rises to heaven". This relief is the only one in Egyptian art depicting king gardening. Sahure sent many expeditions to the turquoise and copper mines in Sinai.
The valley temple, causeway, and mortuary temple of his pyramid complex were once decorated by over 10,000 m2 of elegant reliefs, representing the highest form reached by this art during the Old Kingdom period.
At the end of this period, the priests of Egypt increased their power further by producing magical spells that would help the pharaoh during his journey through the Underworld. These spells were inscribed on the walls of the pyramids. They became known as the Pyramid Texts and the majority of the text related to solar and celestial matters. The Pyramid texts admired both the sun god Amun Ra and also Osiris.


As you progress in school, workloads are getting bigger and homework assignments are getting tougher. A Levels are, without doubt, one of the most academically challenging courses that require from students in-depth knowledge of the subject being studied and solid practical skills. If you or your child need additional academic help with A Level courses, you can benefit from individual A Level online tutoring.
At Bigfoot Tutors, you can select any of our highly skilled A Level tutors and change your tutor at any time. We provide a wide selection of first-class teachers specializing in all possible subjects, from Maths and English to Accounting and Social Research. To find the right A Level teacher, simply select the subject you need and you will get the list of our registered tutors. Learn more about them by visiting their personal profiles and request a free fifteen-minute trial with the one you like best.
What to expect from online A Levels tutoring?
Whatever your academic needs, Bigfoot A Level tutors will provide you with personalised support and help achieve your goals. Feel free to discuss your weaknesses and needs before starting the lessons. You can also choose what topics to cover and what topics to skip. This makes studying A Levels online one of the most cost-effective ways of learning. Unlike A Level online courses, online lessons with a private tutor are all about individual. Your A Level Tutor will identify your weaknesses and tailor their lessons to suit your abilities and learning style. Find an A Level tutor today and you will see that the best way to improve your in-class performance is to study A Levels online.
Studying A Levels online has proven to be convenient, time-saving and flexible. There is no need to spend time travelling to the tutor's place. Furthermore, our A Level tutors work seven days a week so you will easily schedule the lessons according to your convenience. It's up to you to decide how many lessons per week to have and how long to study, as there is no minimum required number of lessons to be booked. You only pay for the lessons you have; there are no hidden costs or monthly fees! Tutors set their own rates, depending on their experience and qualification.
Our highly skilled and experienced tutors will help you get a better grade in your A Level courses online! Register today and book a free trial!


The key to our success is "Good Merchandise High-quality, Reasonable Cost and Efficient Service" for Sand Precision Casting Bronze Parts , Sand Precision Casting Metal Parts , Steel Precision Casting Parts , You should contact with us now.
"Our enterprise insists all along the standard policy of ""product good quality is base of organization survival; client gratification could be the staring point and ending of an enterprise; persistent improvement is eternal pursuit of staff"" and the consistent purpose of ""reputation to start with, purchaser first"" for Sand Precision Casting Bronze Parts , Sand Precision Casting Metal Parts , Steel Precision Casting Parts , We are fully determined to control the whole supply chain so as to provide quality products at competitive price in a timely manner. We are keeping up with the advanced techniques growing through creating more values for our clients and society.


text:
"""
Utility functions for analysis tools
"""
import logging
from enum import Enum, unique
import pprint

_logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)

@unique
class FinalResultType(Enum):
  FULLY_EXPLORED = 0
  BOUND_HIT = 1
  BUG_FOUND = 2
  TIMED_OUT = 3
  OUT_OF_MEMORY = 4
  UNKNOWN = 5

def classifyResult(r):
  """
  Classify result returning a FinalResultType enum
  """
  assert isinstance(r, dict)
  fileName = r['program']
  if r['bug_found'] == False and r['timeout_hit'] == False and r['failed'] == False:
    # might be fully explored
    if 'recursion_bound_hit' in r and r['recursion_bound_hit'] == True:
      # Legacy: Corral run hit recursion bound
      return FinalResultType.BOUND_HIT
    elif 'bound_hit' in r and r['bound_hit'] == True:
      # Tool (e.g. boogaloo) hit bound
      return FinalResultType.BOUND_HIT
    else:
      return FinalResultType.FULLY_EXPLORED
  elif r['bug_found'] == True:
    if r['failed'] == True:
      _logger.error(pprint.pformat(r))
    assert r['failed'] != True
    assert r['timeout_hit'] != True
    return FinalResultType.BUG_FOUND
  elif r['timeout_hit'] == True and (r['failed'] == False or r['failed'] == None):
    assert r['failed'] != None
    return FinalResultType.TIMED_OUT
  elif r['out_of_memory'] == True:
    # FIXME: When out_of_memory occurs failed might be set to true which is
    # confusing
    assert r['failed'] != None
    return FinalResultType.OUT_OF_MEMORY
  else:
    assert r['failed'] == True
    return FinalResultType.UNKNOWN

# Correct less label mapping stuff

class ValidateMappingFileException(Exception):
  pass

def validateMappingFile(mapping):
  if not isinstance(mapping, dict):
    raise ValidateMappingFileException("Top level datastructure must be"
      " dictionary")

  for key, value in mapping.items():
    if not isinstance(key, str):
      raise ValidateMappingFileException("Top level keys must be strings")

    if not isinstance(value, dict):
      raise ValidateMappingFileException("Top level key must map to dictionary")

    if not 'expected_correct' in value:
      raise ValidateMappingFileException("{}'s dict is missing"
      "'expected_correct' key".format(key))

    if not isinstance(value['expected_correct'], bool) and \
    value['expected_correct'] != None:
      raise ValidateMappingFileException("{}'s dict does not map"
        "'expected_correct' map to bool or None".format(key))

class MergeCorrectnessLabelException(Exception):
  pass

def mergeCorrectnessLabel(resultList, correctnessMapping):
  assert isinstance(resultList, list)
  assert isinstance(correctnessMapping, dict)

  for r in resultList:
    assert isinstance(r, dict)
    assert 'program' in r
    correctnessLabel = None
    programName = r['program']
    try:
      correctnessLabel = correctnessMapping[programName]['expected_correct']
      r['expected_correct'] = correctnessLabel
    except KeyError:
      raise MergeCorrectnessLabelException('"expected_correct" missing from result with program name "{}"'.format(programName))

  return resultList

class CombineResultsException(Exception):
  pass

class ComputeTimesException(Exception):
  pass

def _computeTimes(resultList, maxTime, resultTypesToGiveMaxTime):
  """
    resultList: list of raw results
    maxTime: the maximumTime to give result that are of a type in resultTypesToGiveMaxTime
    resultTypesToGiveMaxTime: a set of FinalResultTypes to treat as having executed for
    ``maxTime``. It is also the maximum time allowed for any result.

    returns a tuple (meanTime, stdDev)

    where meanTime is the arithmetic mean and stdDev is the estimation of the population
    standard deviation (Bessel corrected).
  """
  assert isinstance(resultList, list)
  assert isinstance(maxTime, float)
  assert isinstance(resultTypesToGiveMaxTime, set)
  assert maxTime > 0.0
  times = []
  for r in resultList:
    totalTime = r['total_time']
    resultType = classifyResult(r)
    if resultType in resultTypesToGiveMaxTime:
      totalTime = maxTime
    elif totalTime > maxTime:
      _logger.warning('Clamping time on result:\n{}'.format(pprint.pformat(r)))
      totalTime = maxTime
    assert totalTime > 0.0
    times.append(totalTime)

  assert len(resultList) == len(times)
  import statistics
  arithmeticMean = statistics.mean(times)
  if len(times) > 1:
    # Unbiased estimate of the population standard deviation
    # (i.e. Use's Bessel's correction)
    stdDev = statistics.stdev(times)
  else:
    # Not defined if we only have one measurement
    raise ComputeTimesException("Can't compute stddev from a single result")

  return (arithmeticMean, stdDev)

def combineResults(results, maxTime):
  """
    results: Should be a dictionary mapping the result list name to
    the raw result for a particular boogie program.

    maxTime: float. The time to use for results of type ``resultTypesToGiveMaxTime``.
             All times are also clamped to this value.

    Returns: cResult which is the combined result where the execution time is
    the arithmetic mean of the execution times of the results and a
    'total_time_stddev' field is added which is the standard deviation of the
    times (may be zero).

    It throws an exception if there is a bad result mismatch or a best result
    could not be found
  """
  assert isinstance(results, dict)
  assert len(results) > 1
  # Get the FinalResultType for each result
  resultTypeToListOfResults = { }
  for rType in FinalResultType:
    resultTypeToListOfResults[rType] = [ ]

  for resultListName, rawResult in results.items():
    resultType = classifyResult(rawResult)
    resultTypeToListOfResults[resultType].append(rawResult)

  #        FULLY_EXPLORED     BUG_FOUND (conflict)
  #                    \       /
  #                    BOUND_HIT
  #                    /   |   \
  #                   /    |    \
  #                  /     |     \
  #      OUT_OF_MEMORY TIMED_OUT UNKNOWN  (no conflict, take most common)
  #
  # Traverse the above partial order starting from the top.
  # We try to pick a best result type (i.e. FULLY_EXPLORED, BUG_FOUND or BOUND_HIT) if it exists
  # otherwise we pick the most common. This is giving a tool the "benefit of the doubt".
  #
  # For handling total_time all results are used to compute an arithmetic mean
  # standard deviation but for results of a type OUT_OF_MEMORY, TIMED_OUT or
  # UNKNOWN, their times are adjusted so that their times are maxTime.
  #
  # It is a partial order because FULLY_EXPLORED and BUG_FOUND cannot be ordered
  # and neither can OUT_OF_MEMORY, TIMED_OUT or UNKNOWN
  #
  # It is important this is a list because the order is important
  bestTypesOrdered = [FinalResultType.FULLY_EXPLORED,
                      FinalResultType.BUG_FOUND,
                      FinalResultType.BOUND_HIT]
  noBestTypes = set(FinalResultType).difference(set(bestTypesOrdered))
  copiedResult = None

  if len(resultTypeToListOfResults[FinalResultType.FULLY_EXPLORED]) > 0 and \
      len(resultTypeToListOfResults[FinalResultType.BUG_FOUND]) > 0:
    raise CombineResultsException("Conflicting results FULLY_EXPLORED and BUG_FOUND")

  # Try to pick the best
  for rType in bestTypesOrdered:
    if len(resultTypeToListOfResults[rType]) > 0:
      # Make sure that we deterministically pick the result. The choice of min is arbitary we just need something
      # that is deterministic. Note we are assuming that the working_directory field is unique for each result set
      resultToCopy = min(resultTypeToListOfResults[rType], key=lambda listElement: listElement['working_directory'])
      assert isinstance(resultToCopy, dict)
      copiedResult = resultToCopy.copy()
      break

  if copiedResult == None:
    # We couldn't pick a best so pick the most common out of the remaing
    # result types. If there is a tie the choice is arbitary
    assert all(map(lambda rType: len(resultTypeToListOfResults[rType]) == 0, bestTypesOrdered))
    largestList = [ ]
    for rType in noBestTypes:
      if len(resultTypeToListOfResults[rType]) > len(largestList):
        largestList = resultTypeToListOfResults[rType]

    assert len(largestList) > 0
      # Make sure that we deterministically pick the result. The choice of min is arbitary we just need something
      # that is deterministic. Note we are assuming that the working_directory field is unique for each result set
    resultToCopy = min(largestList, key=lambda listElement: listElement['working_directory'])
    assert isinstance(resultToCopy, dict)
    copiedResult = resultToCopy.copy()

  # Compute the total_time and stddev.
  listOfAllResults = []
  sortedResultItems = list(results.items())
  sortedResultItems.sort(key= lambda k: k[0]) # Make sure the order is deterministic by sorting by the result list filename
  for resultListName,r in sortedResultItems:
    assert isinstance(resultListName, str)
    assert isinstance(r, dict)
    listOfAllResults.append(r)
  assert isinstance(listOfAllResults, list)
  assert len(listOfAllResults) > 0
  meanTime, stdDev = _computeTimes(listOfAllResults, maxTime, noBestTypes)
  assert isinstance(meanTime, float)
  assert isinstance(stdDev, float)
  copiedResult['total_time'] = meanTime
  copiedResult['total_time_stddev'] = stdDev
  copiedResult['original_results'] = listOfAllResults

  return copiedResult

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Now in its eleventh year, CMC ROCKS is the largest international country music festival in the southern hemisphere. Held in Ipswich, Queensland in March over an incredible three days, the festival featured some of the biggest names in both local and international country music. Multiple CMC Music Award winner Travis Collins hit the main stage on Day 2, to perform a set full of hits from his decade plus long career. Includes 'Boots On', 'Call Me Crazy', 'Hometown Calling', 'Summer Love' and 'Just Another Girl'.
With a growing string of hit albums, #1 songs, awards and a decade of winning fans all across the country under his belt, Travis Collins continues to cement his footprint as a mainstay on the Australian music landscape. He is as well-known for his masterful guitar playing and powerhouse vocals as he is for his depth of song-writing and high energy live performances.
A triple Golden Guitar award winner and triple CMC Music Award winner with his latest album Hard Light – which has already delivered a further three #1 singles to his impressive tally – the reflective 'Just Another Girl' the haunting 'Call Me Crazy', and anthemic 'Hometown Calling', whilst the album itself charted in the ARIA top 20 all-genre albums chart.
Travis is a multiple CMAA and CMC Music Award winner and RUOK? Ambassador.


text:
Q: EditText value is 0? I'm testing out my first app in C#. I have 4 fields in my axml file: 2 fields where you can input two numbers, 1 button and one field that is supposed to output the addition of the two numbers the user inputted when the button is clicked. and the app works but I always get 0 as output when I click on my button. So the problem could be, that I read the variables from the EditText wrong, maybe? Should use another field from the toolbox? I'm writing in Visual Studio! Here is my code:
 protected override void OnCreate(Bundle bundle)
    {
        base.OnCreate(bundle);

        SetContentView (Resource.Layout.Main);

        EditText zahl1 = FindViewById<EditText>(Resource.Id.zahl1);
        EditText zahl2 = FindViewById<EditText>(Resource.Id.zahl2);
        Button buttonErgebnis = FindViewById<Button>(Resource.Id.buttonErgebnis);
        TextView Ergebnis1 = FindViewById<TextView>(Resource.Id.emptyText);

        //convert string to int and save in variable
        string a = zahl1.ToString();
        int Zahl1 = 99;
        int.TryParse(a, out Zahl1);

        string b = zahl2.ToString();
        int Zahl2 = 99;
        int.TryParse(a, out Zahl2);

        // add two numbers
        int ergebnis = Zahl1 + Zahl2;

        //output result if button is clicked
        buttonErgebnis.Click += (sender, e) =>
            {
                Ergebnis1.Text = ergebnis.ToString();
            };

    }

can u see the problem? I think it has something to do with my program not reading the first two numbers from the user right...
heads up: i got it to work with this code:
using Android.App;
using Android.Widget;
using Android.OS;

namespace OverWriteGPS

    [Activity(Label = "OverWriteGPS", MainLauncher = true, Icon = "@drawable/icon")]
    public class MainActivity : Activity
    {

        protected override void OnCreate(Bundle bundle)
        {
            base.OnCreate(bundle);

            SetContentView(Resource.Layout.Main);

            EditText zahl1 = FindViewById<EditText>(Resource.Id.zahl1);
            EditText zahl2 = FindViewById<EditText>(Resource.Id.zahl2);
            Button buttonErgebnis = FindViewById<Button>(Resource.Id.buttonErgebnis);
            TextView Ergebnis1 = FindViewById<TextView>(Resource.Id.emptyText);

            //output result if button is clicked
            buttonErgebnis.Click += (sender, e) =>
            {
                //convert string to int and save in variable
                string a = zahl1.Text;
                string b = zahl2.Text;
                int Zahl1, Zahl2, ergebnis;
                if ((int.TryParse(a, out Zahl1)) && (int.TryParse(b, out Zahl2)))
                {
                    ergebnis = Zahl1 + Zahl2;
                } else
                {
                    ergebnis = -1;
                }

                Ergebnis1.Text = ergebnis.ToString();
            };

        }

    }
}

A: You must perform the sum after the button is clicked.
Move the addition like here:
protected override void OnCreate(Bundle bundle)
{
    base.OnCreate(bundle);

    SetContentView (Resource.Layout.Main);

    EditText zahl1 = FindViewById<EditText>(Resource.Id.zahl1);
    EditText zahl2 = FindViewById<EditText>(Resource.Id.zahl2);
    Button buttonErgebnis = FindViewById<Button>(Resource.Id.buttonErgebnis);
    TextView Ergebnis1 = FindViewById<TextView>(Resource.Id.emptyText);

    //output result if button is clicked
    buttonErgebnis.Click += (sender, e) =>
        {
            //convert string to int and save in variable
            string a = zahl1.ToString();
            int Zahl1 = 99;
            int.TryParse(a, out Zahl1);

            string b = zahl2.ToString();
            int Zahl2 = 99;
            int.TryParse(a, out Zahl2);

            // add two numbers
            int ergebnis = Zahl1 + Zahl2;

            Ergebnis1.Text = ergebnis.ToString();
        };

}

However, you are not using the values you read form the user input. For some reason, you use 99. You may want to change that.

A: You need to get EditText values within Click  like below:
//output result if button is clicked
buttonErgebnis.Click += (sender, e) =>
{
    //Need to get values of Zahl1  and Zahl2  here
    string str1 = Zahl1  .Text;
    string str2 = Zahl1  .Text;
    // add two numbers
    int ergebnis = str1 + str2 ;
    Ergebnis1.Text = ergebnis.ToString();
};

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Introduction to Law and the Legal Process
The course begins with a review of legal systems and the sources of law. Important provisions of the United States Constitution are examined. After learning how the court system works and how to analyze court opinions, students study topics such as antitr
This course introduces the student to the legal system and the social, legal and regulatory environment of business, as well as to ethical decision-making relating to law and business. Using a modified case method, students analyze court decisions and other course materials that illustrate the role of law in society and the impact of law on the business community. Active student participation is expected to assist students in the development of orderly thought processes, critical judgment, and articulate expression. Current events that impact the legal environment of business are integrated into class discussion. A comparison of the U.S. and Italian legal systems and an analysis of their similarities and differences will be included in our discussions.
The course begins with a review of legal systems and the sources of law. Important provisions of the United States Constitution are examined. After learning how the court system works and how to analyze court opinions, students study topics such as antitrust law, employment discrimination, tort law, securities law, and intellectual property. The administrative agency as a regulatory mechanism that impacts business, the environment, and the individual is studied. Since contracts are the basis of the business relationship, a substantial portion of the course is devoted to contract law. Contract formation, principles of contract interpretation, assignment, breach and remedies are all addressed. International law will also be introduced, including sources of international law and agencies that play a role in the regulation of international business. Risks of doing business in the global arena are considered and legal strategies for minimizing risk are discussed. We will take advantage of the fact that this course is being conducted in Venice by focusing on a comparison of the Italian and U.S. legal systems and discussing current events in the Italian legal and business worlds.
This course introduces the student to legal systems and the social, legal, ethical, and regulatory environment of business. Using a modified case method, we will analyze court decisions and course materials that illustrate the role of law in society and the impact of law on the business community. Active student participation will assist students in the development of orderly thought processes, critical judgment, and articulatethe former site of the legislative, judicial, and executive branches of the Venetian government), La Fenice (the site of a major fire that gave rise to numerous legal disputes, which will be examined in class and in a writing assignment); San Marco Basilica; the island of Murano and its world famous glass manufacturing facilities; the Institute of Arts, Sciences, and Letters, which is in a building constructed for use by a Venetian Doge government leader and later served as the seat of government during Napoleon's occupation of Venice; and a trip to Vicenza and/or other cultural centers outside of Venice. Arrangements will be made for us to meet with an Italian lawyer, law professor, judge and/or visit to an Italian courthouse.
Students will be housed in residence halls at Venice International University with either two or three other students. All students will receive meal vouchers for breakfast and one other meal per day. Students should budget for additional food costs.
Program cost will be posted to the program site in December.
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