text:
Q: Why is my Flutter app crashing on app quit? When testing in iOS Simulator (via xCode) if I quit the app, it'll crash with the following message in the console.
Runner[8634:2415656] No windows have a root view controller, cannot save application state. Message from debugger: Terminated due to signal 9
When testing this on TestFlight with a real device I'll get the iOS popup asking to share the crash with the developer.
When testing in iOS Simulator (via Android Studio) if I quit the app, it'll crash with the following report.
-------------------------------------
Translated Report (Full Report Below)
-------------------------------------

Incident Identifier: 4A2DB6C2-E514-426A-AC63-FD84E86DDB60
CrashReporter Key:   BC9E8BD4-1F8E-B01D-EB15-55886F049B8D
Hardware Model:      MacBookPro17,1
Process:             Runner [5846]
Path:                /Users/USER/Library/Developer/CoreSimulator/Devices/1E866506-13AF-4DC7-A85B-9484B500F293/data/Containers/Bundle/Application/F34F60DC-D13B-4711-A6EE-9B5758B0D744/Runner.app/Runner
Identifier:          com.test.calculator
Version:             4.0.0 (2)
Code Type:           ARM-64 (Native)
Role:                Foreground
Parent Process:      launchd_sim [3390]
Coalition:           com.apple.CoreSimulator.SimDevice.1E866506-13AF-4DC7-A85B-9484B500F293 [6654]
Responsible Process: SimulatorTrampoline [11148]

Date/Time:           2022-01-13 07:07:09.9905 -0500
Launch Time:         2022-01-13 07:07:02.2121 -0500
OS Version:          macOS 12.1 (21C52)
Release Type:        User
Report Version:      104

Exception Type:  EXC_BAD_ACCESS (SIGSEGV)
Exception Subtype: KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS at 0x00000000000006f0
Exception Codes: 0x0000000000000001, 0x00000000000006f0
VM Region Info: 0x6f0 is not in any region.  Bytes before following region: 4377901328
      REGION TYPE                    START - END         [ VSIZE] PRT/MAX SHRMOD  REGION DETAIL
      UNUSED SPACE AT START
--->
      __TEXT                      104f18000-104f1c000    [   16K] r-x/r-x SM=COW  ...er.app/Runner
Exception Note:  EXC_CORPSE_NOTIFY
Termination Reason: SIGNAL 11 Segmentation fault: 11
Terminating Process: exc handler [5846]

Triggered by Thread:  0

Application Specific Information:
CoreSimulator 783.5 - Device: iPhone 13 (1E866506-13AF-4DC7-A85B-9484B500F293) - Runtime: iOS 15.2 (19C51) - DeviceType: iPhone 13
dyld4 config: DYLD_ROOT_PATH=/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneOS.platform/Library/Developer/CoreSimulator/Profiles/Runtimes/iOS.simruntime/Contents/Resources/RuntimeRoot
dyld4 config: DYLD_ROOT_PATH=/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneOS.platform/Library/Developer/CoreSimulator/Profiles/Runtimes/iOS.simruntime/Contents/Resources/RuntimeRoot

Thread 0 Crashed::  Dispatch queue: com.apple.main-thread
0   Flutter                                0x107d04784 flutter::Engine::GetWeakPtr() const + 0
1   Flutter                                0x107d11f98 flutter::Shell::OnPlatformViewSetSemanticsEnabled(bool) + 72
2   Flutter                                0x10792ac90 flutter::PlatformViewIOS::AccessibilityBridgePtr::~AccessibilityBridgePtr() + 56
3   Flutter                                0x10792b1a4 flutter::PlatformViewIOS::~PlatformViewIOS() + 104
4   Flutter                                0x10792b20c flutter::PlatformViewIOS::~PlatformViewIOS() + 12
5   Flutter                                0x107d18f30 std::__1::__function::__func<fml::internal::CopyableLambda<flutter::Shell::~Shell()::$_6>, std::__1::allocator<fml::internal::CopyableLambda<flutter::Shell::~Shell()::$_6> >, void ()>::operator()() + 40
6   Flutter                                0x107d10154 flutter::Shell::~Shell() + 1020
7   Flutter                                0x1078f6a94 std::__1::unique_ptr<flutter::Shell, std::__1::default_delete<flutter::Shell> >::reset(flutter::Shell*) + 28
8   Flutter                                0x1078f69c8 -[FlutterEngine destroyContext] + 60
9   CoreFoundation                         0x180321404 __CFNOTIFICATIONCENTER_IS_CALLING_OUT_TO_AN_OBSERVER__ + 20
10  CoreFoundation                         0x1803213bc ___CFXRegistrationPost_block_invoke + 48
11  CoreFoundation                         0x1803207e0 _CFXRegistrationPost + 416
12  CoreFoundation                         0x1803201c8 _CFXNotificationPost + 680
13  Foundation                             0x1807c442c -[NSNotificationCenter postNotificationName:object:userInfo:] + 92
14  UIKitCore                              0x184d9e518 -[UIApplication _terminateWithStatus:] + 168
15  UIKitCore                              0x1843bbcac -[_UISceneLifecycleMultiplexer _evalTransitionToSettings:fromSettings:forceExit:withTransitionStore:] + 124
16  UIKitCore                              0x1843bb990 -[_UISceneLifecycleMultiplexer forceExitWithTransitionContext:scene:] + 220
17  UIKitCore                              0x184d94b64 -[UIApplication workspaceShouldExit:withTransitionContext:] + 180
18  FrontBoardServices                     0x186177178 __63-[FBSWorkspaceScenesClient willTerminateWithTransitionContext:]_block_invoke_2 + 76
19  FrontBoardServices                     0x18615a160 -[FBSWorkspace _calloutQueue_executeCalloutFromSource:withBlock:] + 232
20  FrontBoardServices                     0x186177114 __63-[FBSWorkspaceScenesClient willTerminateWithTransitionContext:]_block_invoke + 104
21  libdispatch.dylib                      0x18010a5a4 _dispatch_client_callout + 16
22  libdispatch.dylib                      0x18010ddb0 _dispatch_block_invoke_direct + 244
23  FrontBoardServices                     0x18619d9a0 __FBSSERIALQUEUE_IS_CALLING_OUT_TO_A_BLOCK__ + 40
24  FrontBoardServices                     0x18619d878 -[FBSSerialQueue _targetQueue_performNextIfPossible] + 176
25  FrontBoardServices                     0x18619d9d0 -[FBSSerialQueue _performNextFromRunLoopSource] + 24
26  CoreFoundation                         0x1803502c0 __CFRUNLOOP_IS_CALLING_OUT_TO_A_SOURCE0_PERFORM_FUNCTION__ + 24
27  CoreFoundation                         0x1803501c8 __CFRunLoopDoSource0 + 200
28  CoreFoundation                         0x18034f554 __CFRunLoopDoSources0 + 256
29  CoreFoundation                         0x180349b9c __CFRunLoopRun + 744
30  CoreFoundation                         0x1803493a8 CFRunLoopRunSpecific + 572
31  GraphicsServices                       0x18c03c5ec GSEventRunModal + 160
32  UIKitCore                              0x184d937ac -[UIApplication _run] + 992
33  UIKitCore                              0x184d982e8 UIApplicationMain + 112
34  Runner                                 0x104f1af24 main + 64 (AppDelegate.swift:5)
35  dyld_sim                               0x105139ca0 start_sim + 20
36  dyld                                   0x1052110f4 start + 520

Thread 1:
0   libsystem_pthread.dylib                0x1c99c9884 start_wqthread + 0

Thread 2:
0   libsystem_pthread.dylib                0x1c99c9884 start_wqthread + 0

Thread 3:: com.apple.uikit.eventfetch-thread
0   libsystem_kernel.dylib                 0x1c9975050 mach_msg_trap + 8
1   libsystem_kernel.dylib                 0x1c99753f0 mach_msg + 72
2   CoreFoundation                         0x18034f810 __CFRunLoopServiceMachPort + 368
3   CoreFoundation                         0x180349d24 __CFRunLoopRun + 1136
4   CoreFoundation                         0x1803493a8 CFRunLoopRunSpecific + 572
5   Foundation                             0x180811e14 -[NSRunLoop(NSRunLoop) runMode:beforeDate:] + 232
6   Foundation                             0x1808120cc -[NSRunLoop(NSRunLoop) runUntilDate:] + 88
7   UIKitCore                              0x184e47b64 -[UIEventFetcher threadMain] + 472
8   Foundation                             0x18083b97c __NSThread__start__ + 788
9   libsystem_pthread.dylib                0x1c99ce68c _pthread_start + 116
10  libsystem_pthread.dylib                0x1c99c9898 thread_start + 8

Thread 4:
0   libsystem_pthread.dylib                0x1c99c9884 start_wqthread + 0

Thread 5:: io.flutter.1.ui
0   libsystem_kernel.dylib                 0x1c9975050 mach_msg_trap + 8
1   libsystem_kernel.dylib                 0x1c99753f0 mach_msg + 72
2   CoreFoundation                         0x18034f810 __CFRunLoopServiceMachPort + 368
3   CoreFoundation                         0x180349d24 __CFRunLoopRun + 1136
4   CoreFoundation                         0x1803493a8 CFRunLoopRunSpecific + 572
5   Flutter                                0x107c2cc44 fml::MessageLoopDarwin::Run() + 88
6   Flutter                                0x107c25eac fml::MessageLoopImpl::DoRun() + 40
7   Flutter                                0x107c2b5bc void* std::__1::__thread_proxy<std::__1::tuple<std::__1::unique_ptr<std::__1::__thread_struct, std::__1::default_delete<std::__1::__thread_struct> >, fml::Thread::Thread(std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> > const&)::$_0> >(void*) + 192
8   libsystem_pthread.dylib                0x1c99ce68c _pthread_start + 116
9   libsystem_pthread.dylib                0x1c99c9898 thread_start + 8

Thread 6:: io.flutter.1.raster
0   libsystem_kernel.dylib                 0x1c9975050 mach_msg_trap + 8
1   libsystem_kernel.dylib                 0x1c99753f0 mach_msg + 72
2   CoreFoundation                         0x18034f810 __CFRunLoopServiceMachPort + 368
3   CoreFoundation                         0x180349d24 __CFRunLoopRun + 1136
4   CoreFoundation                         0x1803493a8 CFRunLoopRunSpecific + 572
5   Flutter                                0x107c2cc44 fml::MessageLoopDarwin::Run() + 88
6   Flutter                                0x107c25eac fml::MessageLoopImpl::DoRun() + 40
7   Flutter                                0x107c2b5bc void* std::__1::__thread_proxy<std::__1::tuple<std::__1::unique_ptr<std::__1::__thread_struct, std::__1::default_delete<std::__1::__thread_struct> >, fml::Thread::Thread(std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> > const&)::$_0> >(void*) + 192
8   libsystem_pthread.dylib                0x1c99ce68c _pthread_start + 116
9   libsystem_pthread.dylib                0x1c99c9898 thread_start + 8

Thread 7:: io.flutter.1.io
0   libsystem_kernel.dylib                 0x1c9975050 mach_msg_trap + 8
1   libsystem_kernel.dylib                 0x1c99753f0 mach_msg + 72
2   CoreFoundation                         0x18034f810 __CFRunLoopServiceMachPort + 368
3   CoreFoundation                         0x180349d24 __CFRunLoopRun + 1136
4   CoreFoundation                         0x1803493a8 CFRunLoopRunSpecific + 572
5   Flutter                                0x107c2cc44 fml::MessageLoopDarwin::Run() + 88
6   Flutter                                0x107c25eac fml::MessageLoopImpl::DoRun() + 40
7   Flutter                                0x107c2b5bc void* std::__1::__thread_proxy<std::__1::tuple<std::__1::unique_ptr<std::__1::__thread_struct, std::__1::default_delete<std::__1::__thread_struct> >, fml::Thread::Thread(std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> > const&)::$_0> >(void*) + 192
8   libsystem_pthread.dylib                0x1c99ce68c _pthread_start + 116
9   libsystem_pthread.dylib                0x1c99c9898 thread_start + 8

Thread 8:: io.flutter.1.profiler
0   libsystem_kernel.dylib                 0x1c9975050 mach_msg_trap + 8
1   libsystem_kernel.dylib                 0x1c99753f0 mach_msg + 72
2   CoreFoundation                         0x18034f810 __CFRunLoopServiceMachPort + 368
3   CoreFoundation                         0x180349d24 __CFRunLoopRun + 1136
4   CoreFoundation                         0x1803493a8 CFRunLoopRunSpecific + 572
5   Flutter                                0x107c2cc44 fml::MessageLoopDarwin::Run() + 88
6   Flutter                                0x107c25eac fml::MessageLoopImpl::DoRun() + 40
7   Flutter                                0x107c2b5bc void* std::__1::__thread_proxy<std::__1::tuple<std::__1::unique_ptr<std::__1::__thread_struct, std::__1::default_delete<std::__1::__thread_struct> >, fml::Thread::Thread(std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> > const&)::$_0> >(void*) + 192
8   libsystem_pthread.dylib                0x1c99ce68c _pthread_start + 116
9   libsystem_pthread.dylib                0x1c99c9898 thread_start + 8

Thread 9:: io.worker.1
0   libsystem_kernel.dylib                 0x1c99784c4 __psynch_cvwait + 8
1   libsystem_pthread.dylib                0x1c99cec44 _pthread_cond_wait + 1216
2   libc++.1.dylib                         0x180255cac std::__1::condition_variable::wait(std::__1::unique_lock<std::__1::mutex>&) + 24
3   Flutter                                0x107c2302c fml::ConcurrentMessageLoop::WorkerMain() + 156
4   Flutter                                0x107c2361c void* std::__1::__thread_proxy<std::__1::tuple<std::__1::unique_ptr<std::__1::__thread_struct, std::__1::default_delete<std::__1::__thread_struct> >, fml::ConcurrentMessageLoop::ConcurrentMessageLoop(unsigned long)::$_0> >(void*) + 148
5   libsystem_pthread.dylib                0x1c99ce68c _pthread_start + 116
6   libsystem_pthread.dylib                0x1c99c9898 thread_start + 8

Thread 10:: io.worker.2
0   libsystem_kernel.dylib                 0x1c99784c4 __psynch_cvwait + 8
1   libsystem_pthread.dylib                0x1c99cec44 _pthread_cond_wait + 1216
2   libc++.1.dylib                         0x180255cac std::__1::condition_variable::wait(std::__1::unique_lock<std::__1::mutex>&) + 24
3   Flutter                                0x107c2302c fml::ConcurrentMessageLoop::WorkerMain() + 156
4   Flutter                                0x107c2361c void* std::__1::__thread_proxy<std::__1::tuple<std::__1::unique_ptr<std::__1::__thread_struct, std::__1::default_delete<std::__1::__thread_struct> >, fml::ConcurrentMessageLoop::ConcurrentMessageLoop(unsigned long)::$_0> >(void*) + 148
5   libsystem_pthread.dylib                0x1c99ce68c _pthread_start + 116
6   libsystem_pthread.dylib                0x1c99c9898 thread_start + 8

Thread 11:: io.worker.3
0   libsystem_kernel.dylib                 0x1c99784c4 __psynch_cvwait + 8
1   libsystem_pthread.dylib                0x1c99cec44 _pthread_cond_wait + 1216
2   libc++.1.dylib                         0x180255cac std::__1::condition_variable::wait(std::__1::unique_lock<std::__1::mutex>&) + 24
3   Flutter                                0x107c2302c fml::ConcurrentMessageLoop::WorkerMain() + 156
4   Flutter                                0x107c2361c void* std::__1::__thread_proxy<std::__1::tuple<std::__1::unique_ptr<std::__1::__thread_struct, std::__1::default_delete<std::__1::__thread_struct> >, fml::ConcurrentMessageLoop::ConcurrentMessageLoop(unsigned long)::$_0> >(void*) + 148
5   libsystem_pthread.dylib                0x1c99ce68c _pthread_start + 116
6   libsystem_pthread.dylib                0x1c99c9898 thread_start + 8

Thread 12:: io.worker.4
0   libsystem_kernel.dylib                 0x1c99784c4 __psynch_cvwait + 8
1   libsystem_pthread.dylib                0x1c99cec44 _pthread_cond_wait + 1216
2   libc++.1.dylib                         0x180255cac std::__1::condition_variable::wait(std::__1::unique_lock<std::__1::mutex>&) + 24
3   Flutter                                0x107c2302c fml::ConcurrentMessageLoop::WorkerMain() + 156
4   Flutter                                0x107c2361c void* std::__1::__thread_proxy<std::__1::tuple<std::__1::unique_ptr<std::__1::__thread_struct, std::__1::default_delete<std::__1::__thread_struct> >, fml::ConcurrentMessageLoop::ConcurrentMessageLoop(unsigned long)::$_0> >(void*) + 148
5   libsystem_pthread.dylib                0x1c99ce68c _pthread_start + 116
6   libsystem_pthread.dylib                0x1c99c9898 thread_start + 8

Thread 13:: io.worker.5
0   libsystem_kernel.dylib                 0x1c99784c4 __psynch_cvwait + 8
1   libsystem_pthread.dylib                0x1c99cec44 _pthread_cond_wait + 1216
2   libc++.1.dylib                         0x180255cac std::__1::condition_variable::wait(std::__1::unique_lock<std::__1::mutex>&) + 24
3   Flutter                                0x107c2302c fml::ConcurrentMessageLoop::WorkerMain() + 156
4   Flutter                                0x107c2361c void* std::__1::__thread_proxy<std::__1::tuple<std::__1::unique_ptr<std::__1::__thread_struct, std::__1::default_delete<std::__1::__thread_struct> >, fml::ConcurrentMessageLoop::ConcurrentMessageLoop(unsigned long)::$_0> >(void*) + 148
5   libsystem_pthread.dylib                0x1c99ce68c _pthread_start + 116
6   libsystem_pthread.dylib                0x1c99c9898 thread_start + 8

Thread 14:: io.worker.6
0   libsystem_kernel.dylib                 0x1c99784c4 __psynch_cvwait + 8
1   libsystem_pthread.dylib                0x1c99cec44 _pthread_cond_wait + 1216
2   libc++.1.dylib                         0x180255cac std::__1::condition_variable::wait(std::__1::unique_lock<std::__1::mutex>&) + 24
3   Flutter                                0x107c2302c fml::ConcurrentMessageLoop::WorkerMain() + 156
4   Flutter                                0x107c2361c void* std::__1::__thread_proxy<std::__1::tuple<std::__1::unique_ptr<std::__1::__thread_struct, std::__1::default_delete<std::__1::__thread_struct> >, fml::ConcurrentMessageLoop::ConcurrentMessageLoop(unsigned long)::$_0> >(void*) + 148
5   libsystem_pthread.dylib                0x1c99ce68c _pthread_start + 116
6   libsystem_pthread.dylib                0x1c99c9898 thread_start + 8

Thread 15:: io.worker.7
0   libsystem_kernel.dylib                 0x1c99784c4 __psynch_cvwait + 8
1   libsystem_pthread.dylib                0x1c99cec44 _pthread_cond_wait + 1216
2   libc++.1.dylib                         0x180255cac std::__1::condition_variable::wait(std::__1::unique_lock<std::__1::mutex>&) + 24
3   Flutter                                0x107c2302c fml::ConcurrentMessageLoop::WorkerMain() + 156
4   Flutter                                0x107c2361c void* std::__1::__thread_proxy<std::__1::tuple<std::__1::unique_ptr<std::__1::__thread_struct, std::__1::default_delete<std::__1::__thread_struct> >, fml::ConcurrentMessageLoop::ConcurrentMessageLoop(unsigned long)::$_0> >(void*) + 148
5   libsystem_pthread.dylib                0x1c99ce68c _pthread_start + 116
6   libsystem_pthread.dylib                0x1c99c9898 thread_start + 8

Thread 16:: io.worker.8
0   libsystem_kernel.dylib                 0x1c99784c4 __psynch_cvwait + 8
1   libsystem_pthread.dylib                0x1c99cec44 _pthread_cond_wait + 1216
2   libc++.1.dylib                         0x180255cac std::__1::condition_variable::wait(std::__1::unique_lock<std::__1::mutex>&) + 24
3   Flutter                                0x107c2302c fml::ConcurrentMessageLoop::WorkerMain() + 156
4   Flutter                                0x107c2361c void* std::__1::__thread_proxy<std::__1::tuple<std::__1::unique_ptr<std::__1::__thread_struct, std::__1::default_delete<std::__1::__thread_struct> >, fml::ConcurrentMessageLoop::ConcurrentMessageLoop(unsigned long)::$_0> >(void*) + 148
5   libsystem_pthread.dylib                0x1c99ce68c _pthread_start + 116
6   libsystem_pthread.dylib                0x1c99c9898 thread_start + 8

Thread 17:: dart:io EventHandler
0   libsystem_kernel.dylib                 0x1c997aa64 kevent + 8
1   Flutter                                0x107e1cfd4 dart::bin::EventHandlerImplementation::EventHandlerEntry(unsigned long) + 328
2   Flutter                                0x107e3b64c dart::bin::ThreadStart(void*) + 48
3   libsystem_pthread.dylib                0x1c99ce68c _pthread_start + 116
4   libsystem_pthread.dylib                0x1c99c9898 thread_start + 8

Thread 18:: DartWorker
0   libsystem_kernel.dylib                 0x1c99784c4 __psynch_cvwait + 8
1   libsystem_pthread.dylib                0x1c99cec70 _pthread_cond_wait + 1260
2   Flutter                                0x107f6d80c dart::Monitor::WaitMicros(long long) + 128
3   Flutter                                0x107fe4c50 dart::ThreadPool::WorkerLoop(dart::ThreadPool::Worker*) + 436
4   Flutter                                0x107fe4f18 dart::ThreadPool::Worker::Main(unsigned long) + 100
5   Flutter                                0x107f6ced0 dart::ThreadStart(void*) + 168
6   libsystem_pthread.dylib                0x1c99ce68c _pthread_start + 116
7   libsystem_pthread.dylib                0x1c99c9898 thread_start + 8

Thread 19:: DartWorker
0   libsystem_kernel.dylib                 0x1c99784c4 __psynch_cvwait + 8
1   libsystem_pthread.dylib                0x1c99cec70 _pthread_cond_wait + 1260
2   Flutter                                0x107f6d80c dart::Monitor::WaitMicros(long long) + 128
3   Flutter                                0x107fe4c50 dart::ThreadPool::WorkerLoop(dart::ThreadPool::Worker*) + 436
4   Flutter                                0x107fe4f18 dart::ThreadPool::Worker::Main(unsigned long) + 100
5   Flutter                                0x107f6ced0 dart::ThreadStart(void*) + 168
6   libsystem_pthread.dylib                0x1c99ce68c _pthread_start + 116
7   libsystem_pthread.dylib                0x1c99c9898 thread_start + 8

Thread 20:: DartWorker
0   libsystem_kernel.dylib                 0x1c99784c4 __psynch_cvwait + 8
1   libsystem_pthread.dylib                0x1c99cec70 _pthread_cond_wait + 1260
2   Flutter                                0x107f6d80c dart::Monitor::WaitMicros(long long) + 128
3   Flutter                                0x107fe4c50 dart::ThreadPool::WorkerLoop(dart::ThreadPool::Worker*) + 436
4   Flutter                                0x107fe4f18 dart::ThreadPool::Worker::Main(unsigned long) + 100
5   Flutter                                0x107f6ced0 dart::ThreadStart(void*) + 168
6   libsystem_pthread.dylib                0x1c99ce68c _pthread_start + 116
7   libsystem_pthread.dylib                0x1c99c9898 thread_start + 8

Thread 21:: DartWorker
0   libsystem_kernel.dylib                 0x1c99784c4 __psynch_cvwait + 8
1   libsystem_pthread.dylib                0x1c99cec70 _pthread_cond_wait + 1260
2   Flutter                                0x107f6d80c dart::Monitor::WaitMicros(long long) + 128
3   Flutter                                0x107fe4c50 dart::ThreadPool::WorkerLoop(dart::ThreadPool::Worker*) + 436
4   Flutter                                0x107fe4f18 dart::ThreadPool::Worker::Main(unsigned long) + 100
5   Flutter                                0x107f6ced0 dart::ThreadStart(void*) + 168
6   libsystem_pthread.dylib                0x1c99ce68c _pthread_start + 116
7   libsystem_pthread.dylib                0x1c99c9898 thread_start + 8

Thread 22:: DartWorker
0   libsystem_kernel.dylib                 0x1c99784c4 __psynch_cvwait + 8
1   libsystem_pthread.dylib                0x1c99cec70 _pthread_cond_wait + 1260
2   Flutter                                0x107f6d80c dart::Monitor::WaitMicros(long long) + 128
3   Flutter                                0x107eb0260 dart::MutatorThreadPool::OnEnterIdleLocked(dart::MonitorLocker*) + 196
4   Flutter                                0x107fe4c90 dart::ThreadPool::WorkerLoop(dart::ThreadPool::Worker*) + 500
5   Flutter                                0x107fe4f18 dart::ThreadPool::Worker::Main(unsigned long) + 100
6   Flutter                                0x107f6ced0 dart::ThreadStart(void*) + 168
7   libsystem_pthread.dylib                0x1c99ce68c _pthread_start + 116
8   libsystem_pthread.dylib                0x1c99c9898 thread_start + 8

Thread 0 crashed with ARM Thread State (64-bit):
    x0: 0x0000000000000000   x1: 0x0000000000000000   x2: 0x0000000107d11f50   x3: 0x000000018015a66c
    x4: 0x0000000000000000   x5: 0x0000600000d11e60   x6: 0x0000000000000010   x7: 0x0000000000000000
    x8: 0x000000016aee4078   x9: 0x0000000000000001  x10: 0x00000000000007fd  x11: 0x0000000000000001
   x12: 0x00000000000000a3  x13: 0x0000000005e5008c  x14: 0x0000000006050800  x15: 0x0000000000050800
   x16: 0x00000001801913d0  x17: 0x000000018018fe38  x18: 0x0000000000000000  x19: 0x0000000000000000
   x20: 0x000000012981ce00  x21: 0x0000600000399840  x22: 0x0000000129523260  x23: 0x000000016aee41d8
   x24: 0x000000016aee42c8  x25: 0x0000600000d10030  x26: 0x0000000000000000  x27: 0x0000006d00000066
   x28: 0x0000000000001c00   fp: 0x000000016aee40f0   lr: 0x0000000107d11f98
    sp: 0x000000016aee4070   pc: 0x0000000107d04784 cpsr: 0x80001000
   far: 0x00000000000006f0  esr: 0x92000006 (Data Abort) byte read Translation fault

Binary Images:
       0x1078ec000 -        0x109357fff io.flutter.flutter (1.0) <55c8675f-1ff8-3499-9403-360bb5c0ece7> /Users/USER/Library/Developer/CoreSimulator/Devices/1E866506-13AF-4DC7-A85B-9484B500F293/data/Containers/Bundle/Application/F34F60DC-D13B-4711-A6EE-9B5758B0D744/Runner.app/Frameworks/Flutter.framework/Flutter
       0x1802cb000 -        0x180677fff com.apple.CoreFoundation (6.9) <3b05273d-3bbf-321d-8274-b848d167fd37> /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneOS.platform/Library/Developer/CoreSimulator/Profiles/Runtimes/iOS.simruntime/Contents/Resources/RuntimeRoot/System/Library/Frameworks/CoreFoundation.framework/CoreFoundation
       0x1806eb000 -        0x1809acfff com.apple.Foundation (6.9) <19f16173-af39-3bfe-aef4-ec9cb4d4ffa0> /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneOS.platform/Library/Developer/CoreSimulator/Profiles/Runtimes/iOS.simruntime/Contents/Resources/RuntimeRoot/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Foundation
       0x184189000 -        0x185613fff com.apple.UIKitCore (1.0) <08a5560d-3f2b-3b52-a202-add2a39b5d30> /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneOS.platform/Library/Developer/CoreSimulator/Profiles/Runtimes/iOS.simruntime/Contents/Resources/RuntimeRoot/System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/UIKitCore.framework/UIKitCore
       0x186142000 -        0x1861cbfff com.apple.FrontBoardServices (764.7) <62073d39-df33-35ac-abc7-d22898e945e7> /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneOS.platform/Library/Developer/CoreSimulator/Profiles/Runtimes/iOS.simruntime/Contents/Resources/RuntimeRoot/System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/FrontBoardServices.framework/FrontBoardServices
       0x180107000 -        0x180149fff libdispatch.dylib (*) <00a1d5e5-18c3-3ff6-b4b1-34e1d3856727> /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneOS.platform/Library/Developer/CoreSimulator/Profiles/Runtimes/iOS.simruntime/Contents/Resources/RuntimeRoot/usr/lib/system/libdispatch.dylib
       0x18c039000 -        0x18c041fff com.apple.GraphicsServices (1.0) <01858b6b-f559-3623-9aaf-d03b35fccf3c> /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneOS.platform/Library/Developer/CoreSimulator/Profiles/Runtimes/iOS.simruntime/Contents/Resources/RuntimeRoot/System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/GraphicsServices.framework/GraphicsServices
       0x104f18000 -        0x104f1bfff com.test.calculator (4.0.0) <e9eb7b84-1b9e-3628-80e8-c9627cd3fa29> /Users/USER/Library/Developer/CoreSimulator/Devices/1E866506-13AF-4DC7-A85B-9484B500F293/data/Containers/Bundle/Application/F34F60DC-D13B-4711-A6EE-9B5758B0D744/Runner.app/Runner
       0x105138000 -        0x105173fff dyld_sim (*) <4f051b2d-f44f-31d5-8c60-061d25c5d57e> /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneOS.platform/Library/Developer/CoreSimulator/Profiles/Runtimes/iOS.simruntime/Contents/Resources/RuntimeRoot/usr/lib/dyld_sim
       0x10520c000 -        0x10526bfff dyld (*) <7e92b284-4b90-3b68-b31a-3ddc4c0e8d40> /usr/lib/dyld
       0x1c99c7000 -        0x1c99d3fff libsystem_pthread.dylib (*) <0c35ca59-6c83-3758-966f-c69972e2cee8> /usr/lib/system/libsystem_pthread.dylib
       0x1c9974000 -        0x1c99a7fff libsystem_kernel.dylib (*) <d8ee1410-83fd-3820-b402-f978c539bd03> /usr/lib/system/libsystem_kernel.dylib
       0x180249000 -        0x1802a5fff libc++.1.dylib (*) <0b16a27c-16a3-3281-9baf-04cf060e5d79> /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneOS.platform/Library/Developer/CoreSimulator/Profiles/Runtimes/iOS.simruntime/Contents/Resources/RuntimeRoot/usr/lib/libc++.1.dylib
               0x0 - 0xffffffffffffffff ??? (*) <00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000> ???

EOF

-----------
... there is more but I've hit the character limit.
-----------

If I run flutter run --verbose, at the point of crash, it reports this in the console:
[        ] Lost connection to device.
[   +3 ms] DevFS: Deleting filesystem on the device
(file:///Users/myname/Library/Developer/CoreSimulator/Devices/1E866506-13AF-
4DC7-A85B-9484B500F293/data/Containers/Data/Application/8C184006-767C-43A4-8189-
1EE2DA46F6AB/tmp/calcappcQPKkx/calcapp/)
[ +258 ms] Ignored error while cleaning up DevFS: TimeoutException after
0:00:00.250000: Future not completed
[  +27 ms] "flutter run" took 75,376ms.
[  +12 ms] Running shutdown hooks
[        ] Shutdown hooks complete
[        ] exiting with code 0

Flutter Doctor:
[✓] Flutter (Channel master, 2.9.0-1.0.pre.343, on macOS 12.1 21C52 darwin-arm,
    locale en-US)
[✓] Android toolchain - develop for Android devices (Android SDK version
    31.0.0-rc3)
[✓] Xcode - develop for iOS and macOS (Xcode 13.2.1)
[✓] Chrome - develop for the web
[✓] Android Studio (version 2020.3)
[✓] Connected device (2 available)
    ! Error: J iPhone is not connected. Xcode will continue when
      J iPhone is connected. (code -13)
[✓] HTTP Host Availability

• No issues found!

What other info can I provide that'll be helpful?
What should I try to do to resolve the issue?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Sarah has an eye for detail and the ability to handle (mostly) humorous banter. She can use a one-button mouse and knows her points from her pixels. Sarah's typography skills are in order but she isn't afraid of using paper and pencils either. Oh, and of course, she knows the intimate workings of Illustrator, Photoshop and InDesign.
Sarah is located in Sydney, Australia and is available for freelance or contract work.


We accept No Fault, Medicare, Workers Compensation, and Blue Cross Blue Shield Insurance. For private-paying patients, we accept cash, checks, or credit/debit cards.
Various levels of financial assistance are available based on personal/family income for eligible patients. Paperwork can be completed at the first visit.
Call us today to make an appointment at one of our Buffalo, New York chiropractic centers.


text:
How VMware scaled their business with a Salesforce migration solution
How VMware is enabling their business to scale with a repeatable Salesforce migration solution
VMware launched in 1998, transforming data centers through virtualization. Today, they continue to be a global leader in cloud infrastructure. Providing their customers with increased agility in building their IT environments, VMware has a wide range of products and services around data management, integration and security.
Having recently acquired Wavefront, an analytics platform, VMware was faced with the task of onboarding the company's marketing systems into its own complex Salesforce ecosystem. VMware partnered with Traction to build a solution that would establish best practices for the Wavefront Marketing Automation team as well as provide a blueprint for future acquisitions.
"Traction was there every step of the way. It felt like they were an extended member of the team, and they drove an incredibly complicated project to completion on time, on budget, and with all stakeholders excited for the outcome."Nick King, VP of Cloud Marketing at VMware
Building a marketing system migration strategy
After acquiring Wavefront, VMware needed to migrate their new business unit from Marketo to their systems of choice: Pardot and Marketing Cloud. Wavefront was still operating according to their legacy processes, and VMware needed those to better align with their own. Beyond this individual migration challenge, VMware recognized that they would need to repeat this process with every future acquisition. Rather than to build a one-time solution, they decided to take this opportunity to construct a repeatable model that would allow them to rapidly onboard new acquisitions.
Defining VMware's framework
Traction on Demand migrated Wavefront from Marketo to net-new instances of Pardot and Marketing Cloud. Our team also implemented a new instance of Sales Cloud within VMware's existing org structure.
The finished framework was designed to leverage the greatest strengths of each platform for optimal performance. Pardot handles all inbound activity, qualifying prospects based on their online activity and passing them to Salesforce as Leads.
Marketing Cloud, on the other hand, performs all outbound email campaigns through functionality like Multi-Channel and Automated Journeys.
Consistency and efficiency moving forward
With established best practices for onboarding new acquisitions, VMware is maintaining consistency at every level of their organization. This will ensure they can continue to scale.
Sales and marketing within the Wavefront business unit can also cohesively work with other VMware departments. They are reducing errors as they follow a standardized process that aligns well with the rest of the company. VMware have a defined data flow that optimizes the performance of each tool, leveraging the greatest strengths of Pardot and Marketing Cloud.
All of these factors have set them up for future success on the Salesforce platform.
"Overall, Traction was there every step of the way. It felt like they were an extended member of the team, and they drove an incredibly complicated project to completion on time, on budget, and with all stakeholders excited for the outcome." - Nick King, VP of Cloud Marketing at VMware
Comments from Nick King, VP of Cloud Marketing at VMware
"We have a new go-to-market approach for our SaaS businesses, which requires a unique Marketing Automation platform to better target new customers, but also drive our SaaS businesses end-to-end. Leveraging the Salesforce stack for our products is a key technology strategy for us to unify these efforts.
We're creating greater efficiency for new customer targeting, but also faster execution as we launch products and services while quickly iterating and learning. We partnered with Traction to bring in their expertise and proven methodologies to ensure that our migration went smoothly but also bring the entire team along with the migration approach.
Traction on Demand was able to not only lead the technology migration but also infuse process and marketing best practice as we moved from Marketo to Marketing Cloud and Pardot."
Get started with Traction on Demand
Get in touch with a member of our dedicated Marketing Automation team today.
Sales Cloud

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


By joining LHA you can get involved in your local hotel community. Your membership will also give you access to great offers from our supplier members which include attractions, restaurants and a large variety of trade discounts.
There are throughout the year a range of social activities that you will be able to attend, just to remind you that it shouldn't be all work and no play.
We meet on a regular basis to share ideas and information and discuss issues and ideas that can help in the day to day running of a hospitality based business.


text:
ARTICLE | OUR MOTHERS IN SCHOOLS ARE HELPING SAVE GIRLS' FUTURES
IN HER WORDS : from the Safe Schools for Refugees Project in The Gambella, Ethiopia, managed by Plan International
18-year-old South Sudanese refugee Nyajimacame under pressure from her parents to get married when she was 17. "My father was looking for a marriage proposal for me in exchange for 10 cattle," she says. "In our culture, girls usually get married at 15."
"I don't want to get married now," Nyajimasays.
"My education is more important than marriage."
Nyajima sought the help of the School Mothers club set up by Plan International. 30-year-old Nyakier, herself a refugee, took up her cause. "I faced the consequences of myearly marriage," says Nyakier. "I don't want to see girls like Nyajima get married instead of going to school."
"I told Nyajima's mother that she had been absent from school for a week and asked her why. Nyajima's mother told me frankly that her husbandhad arranged a marriage and she will be married soon."
Using the skills learned at a Plan International trainingsession, Nyakier was able to persuade the parents to call off the wedding. "Convincing Nyajima's parents was not an easy task. We had a long discussion. The family finally agreed to cancel the marriage."
Nyajima was overjoyed. "Nyakier was my main reason for my escape from this. The School Mothers area very good example for us.We really trust and rely on them–whatever they tell us is for our ownbenefit."
Help us create a fairer, more sustainable world with your wedding dress.
Explore our collection of designers who care about more than just couture.
Explore our designers


text:
47041 April 23 Death 1951 – Jules Berry, French actor and director (b. 1883)
47042 April 23 Death 1951 – Charles G. Dawes, American banker and politician, 30th Vice President of the United States, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1865)
47043 April 23 Death 1965 – George Adamski, Polish-American ufologist and author (b. 1891)
47044 April 23 Death 1966 – George Ohsawa, Japanese founder of the Macrobiotic diet (b. 1893)
47045 April 23 Death 1975 – William Hartnell, English actor (b. 1908)
47046 April 23 Death 1979 – Blair Peach, New Zealand-English educator and activist (b. 1946)
47047 April 23 Death 1981 – Josep Pla, Catalan journalist and author (b. 1897)
47048 April 23 Death 1983 – Buster Crabbe, American swimmer and actor (b. 1908)
47049 April 23 Death 1984 – Red Garland, American pianist (Miles Davis Quintet) (b. 1923)
47050 April 23 Death 1985 – Sam Ervin, American lawyer and politician (b. 1896)
47051 April 23 Death 1986 – Harold Arlen, American composer (b. 1905)
47052 April 23 Death 1986 – Jim Laker, English cricketer and sportscaster (b. 1922)
47053 April 23 Death 1986 – Otto Preminger, Ukrainian-American actor, director, and producer (b. 1906)
47054 April 23 Death 1990 – Paulette Goddard, American actress and philanthropist (b. 1910)
47055 April 23 Death 1991 – Johnny Thunders, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (New York Dolls and The Heartbreakers) (b. 1952)
47056 April 23 Death 1992 – Satyajit Ray, Indian director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1921)
47057 April 23 Death 1992 – Tanka Prasad Acharya, Nepalese politician, 27th Prime Minister of Nepal (b. 1912)
47058 April 23 Death 1993 – Cesar Chavez, American activist, co-founded the United Farm Workers (b. 1927)
47059 April 23 Death 1995 – Douglas Lloyd Campbell, Canadian farmer and politician, 13th Premier of Manitoba (b. 1895)
47060 April 23 Death 1995 – Howard Cosell, American lawyer and journalist (b. 1918)
47061 April 23 Death 1995 – Riho Lahi, Estonian journalist (b. 1904)
47062 April 23 Death 1995 – John C. Stennis, American lawyer and politician (b. 1904)
47063 April 23 Death 1996 – Jean Victor Allard, Canadian general (b. 1913)
47064 April 23 Death 1996 – P. L. Travers, Australian-English author and actress (b. 1899)
47065 April 23 Death 1997 – Denis Compton, English cricketer and footballer (b. 1918)
47066 April 23 Death 1998 – Konstantinos Karamanlis, Greek lawyer and politician, 172nd Prime Minister of Greece (b. 1907)
47067 April 23 Death 1998 – James Earl Ray, American assassin of Martin Luther King, Jr. (b. 1928)
47068 April 23 Death 1998 – Thanassis Skordalos, Greek singer-songwriter and lyra player (b. 1920)
47069 April 23 Death 2003 – Fernand Fonssagrives, French-American photographer (b. 1910)
47070 April 23 Death 2005 – Joh Bjelke-Petersen, New Zealand-Australian politician, 31st Premier of Queensland (b. 1911)


Shipping & Shipping Fees - Orders of $100 or more before tax ship free. Orders less than $100 before tax ship for a flat rate fee of $9.99. We'll also group orders so if you and a friend want to place 2 or more separate orders but ship to the same address I can group them together towards meeting the $100 minimum for free shipping. All orders can be either shipped to Sanborn Gun Shop for in person pick up OR orders can be shpped directly to you or in the case of firearms directly to your FFL. Firearms are shipped to and from the Sanborn Shop via UPS - USPS or FedEx. No shipments will be made outside of the continental United States.
If you have any questions on our shipping policy please give us a call at (716) 525-3674. Thank You For Shopping With Us!!!


The CERN Internet eXchange Point (CIXP) is a carrier-neutral exchange point based at CERN in Geneva, Switzerland.
Our partners are telecom operators and ISPs in Switzerland and France, as well as national and international research network operators. The service is provided jointly by CERN and Equinix's data-centres in Geneva and Zurich.
See our news archive for previous postings.


It's gotta be comfy. It's gotta be cool. It's gotta be classic. It's gotta be Bonds Originals. The original and quite possibly the best, our Originals Briefs are the super soft mens briefs your soldiers can count on for comfort.
Material: Main: Cotton / Modal / Elastane; Elastic: Nylon / Polyester / Elastane (Excluding Trims, Pad Printed Label).
Originals Brief is rated 4.1 out of 5 by 21.
Rated 5 out of 5 by Juzzifizzle from Comfy As I haven't worn brief underwear since I was a kid - now in my early 30s I decided to try something new and bought a bunch of these. It was the best choice! They are ridiculously comfy! The sizing is on point, realistic room in the back and front, and I don't feel squashed in them. Lightweight fabric makes them feel great plus they look pretty cool.
Rated 5 out of 5 by Ash92 from So comfy! These briefs are super comfy. The cut doesn't ride or dig at all and the material is so soft. 'Everything' sits nicely which is a must. These are now my favourite pair of underwear, originals ftw!
Rated 5 out of 5 by Brock86 from Bought these jocks off the back some other reviews. Definitely no kidding about comfy these undies are, actually bought a couple more pairs. Look good, feel great. Hug in all the right places without being restrictive or constrictive. Yeah, nailed it.
Rated 5 out of 5 by Bateo19 from Super Comfy Undies! Briefs Vs Trunks, the never ending debate of young vs old, some people only wear trunks are they 'look nicer' or are seen to be more trendy. Briefs unlike trunks don't ride up your legs, giving you wegies etc and hold your junk comfortably in place, the Bonds originals brief is by far the most comfortable brief I've ever worn and has converted me from a trunks lad to a briefs boy!
Rated 5 out of 5 by Adz77 from The best joxs! so comfie! My wife bought these she knows how much I love silky smooth modal fabric! Thankyou for making these for men too!
Rated 5 out of 5 by pmadds from Bought online. Easy and convenient. Delivered promptly. The cut and feel of the underwear is awesome. Best ones yet!
Rated 5 out of 5 by GH83 from My favourite pair of jocks Bonds Originals Brief are awesome. Soft material. Room for the boys, and they look great on. Also, they last. A lot of other brands wear out fairly fast with everyday use. But Bonds outlast them all. Love em!
Rated 1 out of 5 by ZacZac92 from Disappointed for the first time in BONDS I bought the new Originals Black underwear as I was due for new underwear and switched from the normal black briefs. I selected the same size M as I would normally in basics and unfortunately it's too large. There isn't any support like in the basic briefs. I love the look of the originals, but now cannot use the 6 pairs I have bought. I'm unsure why the sizing would be different with two similar styles of bonds briefs.


SuperBox from seyDesign, Review By Rob Hall, CEO at rjh Web Design Rating: 4 out of 5. Superbox is a lightweight gallery stack that builds a elegantly tight-knit grid of images with a subtle rollover effect!
Mr. William Woodgate is still indefatigably updating his recently acquired seyDesign stacks. Will just presented a very welcome update — SuperBox 4.
SuperBox is a lightweight gallery stack that builds a tightly-knit, responsive grid of square images with a subtle rollover effect. Rather like Google Images, if an image in the grid is clicked, the images below it slide down to reveal the chosen image in a lightbox. I purchased SuperBox a few years ago, but never used because it had an irritating trait; if the last image in a grid's row was clicked, the lightbox opened but the 'next' button didn't show up. I felt that this would confuse users and so the stack was never deployed.
Thankfully, Will has rectified the situation; SuperBox now functions logically and, I must say, rather elegantly. The update also adds the functionality that we have come to expect from a Stacks 3 stack.
When SuperBox is added to a page, you can begin adding images by clicking the blue plus button in the stack. Clicking the image container that appears, opens up the image well and you can choose either local ('Drop'), or warehoused images in .jpg, .png, .tif, or .gif format. An ALT text can now be added for each image to aid SEO; this was not available in previous versions of the stack.
New options have been added to the SuperBox main settings. In addition to the image orientation (the standard setting is landscape and is suitable for all image formats) you can now set the padding between the images in the grid. The maximum height of the Lightbox image can be set and the thickness of the image's border. Then follow the settings for the lightbox background colour, the border colour and the colour of the navigation controls. In each case the opacity can also be set.
Multiple instances of SuperBox can be used on the same page, allowing you to add galleries with different themes – travel destinations, for instance, or events, portfolios, or product images.
Once your gallery setup is finished, if you find that you would prefer your images in a different sequence, you can drag them around within the main stack without having to rebuild anything.
SuperBox's width is determined by its containing stack and morphs into a two-column display when loaded on a mobile device.
Version 4 is a welcome update to SuperBox – it finally works as expected. The update is free, but, due to extensive rewriting, it will not appear as an automatic download. One advantage of this is that you can load both the previous version and the updated stack onto the same page to assist in updating existing galleries.
Slinkee from seyDesign, Review By Rob Hall, CEO at rjh Web Design Rating: 5 out of 5. Slinkee is a versatile stack that can be utilised as an inline navigation or as an accordion!
Slinkee is a nifty little stack from seyDesign. It is versatile. It can be utilised as an inline navigation stack or as an accordion. Choose for yourself!
Slinkee's been around for a while now, but has just been updated for Stacks 3 by Will Woodgate.
To use Slinkee, simply drag it to a stacks page and click on the blue button to add a new Slinkee item.
In the Page Link box, you may provide an optional URL, a relative path or, if you wish to configure Slinkee for inline navigation, an anchor hash with ID.
If you're configuring Slinkee as an accordion, drag and drop additional stacks into the Drop Down placeholder. This stack could also contain a short summary for your link.
Now repeat the process for each item in your Slinkee stack.
In my example below, I've used Slinkee to navigate to a text section on the page. As my text header, I've inserted
[My Title]
 as a placeholder. As the Slinkee 'link' I entered #section-01. I also dropped the Slinky stack into a sticky stack, so that it stays at the top of the page (a sticky option directly within the stack would be a welcome addition).
Now, when I click on 'Rafting' Slinkee opens and shows the description for the text, with a summary.
When I click 'Rafting' a second time, the page slides down to the Rafting header. The same happens when I click on 'Trekking, etc.
When you select the main Slinkee stack you'll find a number of settings available: You can set the colour of the closed stack, its border and the text colour. You can set the hover colour and alter the colour of the text when it is hovered.
Then there are the stack's content settings: you can set both the text and the background colour.
Slinkee can be set to transparent and, If you wish, you can add arrows (pointers) to the link text, to indicate that it is a dropdown/link. Font sizes and Border radius are also optional settings. The stack width is determined by the column/container it is in, so it could be in a 25%-width column, or, for a FAQs accordion for instance, be the width of the page.
If you choose to utilise Slinkee as an accordion, all you need to do is omit the link/hash.
I tested Slinkee with Foundation, using DeFliGra's FixMe stack.
If you previously purchased Slinkee from seyDesign, I recommend that you update it today and check out the new options.
Masonry 2 from seyDesign, Review By Rob Hall, CEO at rjh Web Design Rating: 5 out of 5. Masonry is one of the best gallery stacks available!
When recently rebuilding a website with Foundation, I added seyDesign's Masonry to the gallery page. It had been on the old page and the customer liked it. Imagine my surprise when I found that all the images overlapped and the captions were missing from all but the bottom row of images.
Masonry is probably my favourite gallery stack and I've used it on many sites. Drop images onto the page – any size, portrait or landscape format and Masonry shuffles them around so that they fit perfectly on the page. Like bricks in a wall.
I don't know if Will read the bug report that I submitted to seyDesign, but today he sent me a copy of Masonry 2.
Instead of two stacks – the wall, so to speak, and the bricks – Masonry 2 is now a single stack that makes complete use of the Stacks 3 interface. Drop the stack onto your page and set the number of columns to be displayed on each specific device. The HUD has been completely redesigned to include extensive settings for the appearance of the bricks. The (optional) caption alignment and styling options have also been been completely redesigned. All colour pickers now support opacity.
Once you've set your display options, click the button in the stack to add a brick with either a local or a warehoused image. The window that then opens has image wells for a thumbnail and the lightbox image.
The lightbox has also been completely overhauled. It is fully responsive and supports Retina displays.
The update is free for existing customers. However, as the stack has been completely rebuilt, it will not show up as an update. The update can be obtained from your Paddle Locker or by contacting seyDesign and forwarding a copy of your purchase receipt.
Masonry 2 can be installed alongside Masonry 1, giving you the opportunity to manually migrate old galleries over to this newer version.
I shan't be updating this specific customer's gallery page, but I shall be using Masonry regularly in the future.
GetUp from DeFliGra, Review By Rob Hall, CEO at rjh Web Design Rating: 5 out of 5. GetUp is a 'Go To Top' stack with a difference!
For years, now, I've used Joe Workman's free Elevator stack to let my visitors scroll back to the top of the page. That just changed.
Tommy (aka DeFliGra) just published GetUp, a 'Got To Top' stack with a difference.
Well, GetUp has a choice of 15 icons, but can also insert a text, an image/logo or another stack instead of the icons. If you wanted to invest a little time, you can also build your own sprites for Elevator (I've created a few), but a text or another stack – no way.
So why would you want to add a stack as a go to top button? Take a look at the DeFliGra demo page and find out. When you scroll down the page, a 'Buy Now' button appears, which not only whisks you to the top of the page, but also whisks you away to the Cartloom page.
Adding a stack as a button would allow a call to action, a lightbox or, with a HoverBox stack, a rollover button.
Multiple instances of GetUp can be added to each page, each with its own ID. When you see that each GetUp stack can be freely positioned, this actually makes sense – each button can appear in a different position, depending on your breakpoint.
GetUp is (typical Tommy) animated and customisable via CSS. Thankfully, the animation can be deactivated.
GetUp – a tiny, inexpensive stack that will find widespread use.
Match Height from Joe Workman, Review By Rob Hall, CEO at rjh Web Design Rating: 5 out of 5. Match Height is the stack that has been missing from your collection for years. It's very much a stack you will purchase once and use hundreds of times!
Match Height is the stack that, annoyingly, has been missing from your collection for years.
Enter solution number three – Match Height.
… nothing 'and', you're finished already. Your columns are now the same length and, when they reflow to fit a mobile screen, they will revert to their original length. Nothing could be simpler.
So where was this stack, when I needed it four years ago?
Match Height consists of two stacks: Match Height and Match Columns. The standard setting for Match heights is 'Columns' you drag your columns into the stack and their heights are matched. There are further settings available for various other integrations: Foundation, Sections Pro, Sections Box, Jack, Diagonal Thing and Foundry, as each of these stacks require differing jquery settings. Just reset the Match Height preferences if you are matching any of these stacks.
The second stack is Match Column. Match Column is a column stack into which you may add your header, paragraph or image stacks, etc. Apply an ID to each Match Column stack and drop it into a Match Height stack. Add rules to the Match Height stack and each Match Column stack with the same ID will be set to the same height.
20 out of 10, Andrew Tavernor! This stack has been missing from my collection for years!


text:
Review of Estrone Sulfatase and its Inhibitors - An Important New Target Against Hormone Dependent Breast Cancer
Author(s): Sabbir Ahmed, Caroline P. Owen, Karen James, Luther Sampson, Chirag K. Patel. School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kingston University, Penrhyn Road, Kingston upon Thames, Surrey, KT1 2EE, U.K
Journal Name: Current Medicinal Chemistry
DOI : 10.2174/0929867023371210
A high proportion (∼40%) of breast cancers are hormone dependent. The female hormones estradiol and androstenediol are believed to play a key role in the initiation and promotion of this disease. In the fight against hormone dependent breast cancers, extensive research has been undertaken to produce compounds which are potent inhibitors against the cytochrome P-450 enzyme aromatase (AR), which converts the C19 androgens to the C18 estrogens. However, the administration of AR inhibitors alone has failed to produce the expected decrease in plasma levels of estrone. The major impetus to the development of steroid sulfatase inhibitors has therefore been the realisation that in order to improve therapeutic response for women with hormone-dependent breast cancer, not only must the AR enzyme be inhibited, but also the synthesis of estrogens via alternative routes. The steroid sulfatase enzyme regulates the formation of estrone (which can subsequently be converted to the potent estrogen est radiol) from estrone sulfate, a steroid conjugate present in high concentrations in tissue and blood in women with breast cancer. The sulfatase enzyme system also controls the formation of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) from the DHEA-sulfate. This is important since DHEA can be converted to 5-androstene-3β,17β-diol, which possesses estrogenic properties capable of stimulating the growth of breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Considerable progress has been made in recent years in the development of a number of potent steroid / estrone sulfatase inhibitors, as such both steroidal and non-steroidal compounds have been considered and a number of highly potent inhibitors have been produced and evaluated against what is now considered a crucial enzyme in the fight against hormone dependent breast cancer. The review therefore considers the work that has been undertaken todate, as well as possible future development with respect to 'dual inhibitors' of both estrone sulfatase and AR.
Keywords: Estrone Sulfatase, Inhibitors, Breast Cancer, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), Steroidal Inhibitors, Tes toste rone, Non-Steroidal Inhibitors
Title: Review of Estrone Sulfatase and its Inhibitors - An Important New Target Against Hormone Dependent Breast Cancer
Author(s):Sabbir Ahmed, Caroline P. Owen, Karen James, Luther Sampson and Chirag K. Patel
Affiliation:School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kingston University, Penrhyn Road, Kingston upon Thames, Surrey, KT1 2EE, U.K
Keywords:Estrone Sulfatase, Inhibitors, Breast Cancer, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), Steroidal Inhibitors, Tes toste rone, Non-Steroidal Inhibitors
Abstract: A high proportion (∼40%) of breast cancers are hormone dependent. The female hormones estradiol and androstenediol are believed to play a key role in the initiation and promotion of this disease. In the fight against hormone dependent breast cancers, extensive research has been undertaken to produce compounds which are potent inhibitors against the cytochrome P-450 enzyme aromatase (AR), which converts the C19 androgens to the C18 estrogens. However, the administration of AR inhibitors alone has failed to produce the expected decrease in plasma levels of estrone. The major impetus to the development of steroid sulfatase inhibitors has therefore been the realisation that in order to improve therapeutic response for women with hormone-dependent breast cancer, not only must the AR enzyme be inhibited, but also the synthesis of estrogens via alternative routes. The steroid sulfatase enzyme regulates the formation of estrone (which can subsequently be converted to the potent estrogen est radiol) from estrone sulfate, a steroid conjugate present in high concentrations in tissue and blood in women with breast cancer. The sulfatase enzyme system also controls the formation of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) from the DHEA-sulfate. This is important since DHEA can be converted to 5-androstene-3β,17β-diol, which possesses estrogenic properties capable of stimulating the growth of breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Considerable progress has been made in recent years in the development of a number of potent steroid / estrone sulfatase inhibitors, as such both steroidal and non-steroidal compounds have been considered and a number of highly potent inhibitors have been produced and evaluated against what is now considered a crucial enzyme in the fight against hormone dependent breast cancer. The review therefore considers the work that has been undertaken todate, as well as possible future development with respect to 'dual inhibitors' of both estrone sulfatase and AR.
Sabbir Ahmed, Caroline P. Owen, Karen James, Luther Sampson and Chirag K. Patel, " Review of Estrone Sulfatase and its Inhibitors - An Important New Target Against Hormone Dependent Breast Cancer", Current Medicinal Chemistry (2002) 9: 263. https://doi.org/10.2174/0929867023371210
https://doi.org/10.2174/0929867023371210 Print ISSN
Page: [263 - 273]
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We are driving through Zinave National Park in Mozambique, and our Land Rover has to stop so the team can clear some branches and debris out of the road. The branches are the collateral damage to trees that have been disturbed by elephants — recent arrivals to Zinave from De Beers Group's Venetia Limpopo Nature Reserve (VLNR) in South Africa.
Our Peace Parks Foundation (PPF) hosts, who co-manage the park with the Mozambique government's entity responsible for the administration of conservation areas (ANAC, the Portuguese acronym for National Administration for Conservation Areas), are noticeably delighted by the destructive evidence of the elephants' presence.
Having just come from VLNR, where such elephant-initiated damage was a cause for alarm — enough so that De Beers Group enacted an elephant translocation effort to move 200 elephants out of the VLNR habitat — the lay people in our party are confused: if elephants cause sufficient damage to an ecosystem in one park as to catalyze their removal, why would that kind of damage be celebrated in another?
In other words, too many elephants can overwhelm an ecosystem. But, surprisingly, not enough elephants can have an equally damaging impact.
* Elephants pave highways through densely forested jungles for other species.
* Elephants knock over certain trees, giving other flora species a chance at sunlight exposure and, therefore, growth.
* Speaking of insects, elephants also create other food sources for tiny organisms — as well as a host of other creatures — via their dung.
* Elephant dung is also essential for dispersing the seeds of certain flora.
* Elephants also eat high grasses, exposing lower grasses to other grazing plains species.
Can Elephants Prevent Deadly Diseases?
"Elephants tend to graze and keep areas open that would become forests if they didn't," says Eggert. "They keep the little shrubs from becoming big trees. They keep the land open for other big grazers. Other herbivores are grass eaters, but elephants are browsers. Browsers tend to uproot and eat trees, and thus they keep the trees in control. Other herbivores are generally grass eaters, not browsers. Herbivores, such as zebras, impala — all those species that graze but don't eat trees — are able to live there," thanks to elephants.
A critical factor that affects not only other animal species but also humans is the curtain that elephants put up against the deadly diseases carried by tsetse flies.
Dung is an essential ecosystem component of elephants, a keystone species.
Though their trunks are not divining rods, elephants can also be a provider of water for other creatures, which is yet another way they serve as a keystone species.
And, sadly, harsh habitats will be only increasingly familiar as climate change starts to take hold on the planet. Interestingly, though, a new research paper posits that the translocation of elephants — such as is occurring in the Moving Giants effort — may help alleviate climate change.
As charismatic as they are — much more so than poor Thomson's gazelle — it is important to remember that elephants are much more than an iconic African creature. They are essential guardians of the African bush, and repopulating them can save not only the elephants, but hundreds of other fauna and flora alike.
This feature is a companion piece to Episode 2 of our "Moving Giants" video series, which you can watch below. To see previous episodes in the series, please visit our video hub here.
As a keystone species, elephants (like this one in Zinave National Park in Mozambique) make critical contributions to ecosystems.


It doesn't matter if you are male or female, building muscle and adding tone and strength to your body can be an enlightening thing. You improve your appearance considerably as well as doing wonders for your overall health. Use the following tips to maximize your use of time and energy in conditioning and building your muscles.
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Try varying the order that you do exercises. People who workout typically do exercises out of habit. In order to promote additional muscle growth, it is important that you switch the exercises around, however. Try reversing the order of your typical routine. This lets you do heavier weights on the exercises that you typically do last, which can increase the growth of those particular muscles.
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Carbohydrates are your friend when striving to build muscle mass. When you are exercising hard your body uses significant amounts of carbohydrates fueling your body and keeping you going. Your body will break down muscles for protein to keep you going, and you will lose mass, if you do not have sufficient carbohydrates to fuel your exercise.
Consider pre-exhausting if you have muscle groups that hold you back in certain exercises. For example, when you are doing an exercise where you are working multiple muscles, such as a row, your biceps can sometimes become fatigued before your lats. Make use of an isolation exercise. For instance, straight-arm pulls downs will not put too much emphasis on the biceps. Before doing rows will even out your muscle use and allow you to use your biceps to exhaustion, Exhausting your lats.
Squats are perhaps the most important exercise for building muscle mass. Beyond building the leg muscles, squats are an excellent whole-body workout. They work out thechest and arms, abdominal muscles and even the back. Using a proper technique is essential with squats. For a proper squat, the hips should come lower than the knees and the body should remain balanced.
While bodybuilders typically focus on the intake of protein in their fruits, diet and vegetables are also important. Many vitamins and minerals are lost through sweat during workouts. Fruits and vegetables do not add a lot of calories to the diet, but do replace these nutrients while also adding fiber.


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text:
\section{Introduction}

Concurrent objects provide operations that may be invoked by the
parallel threads of a concurrent client, enabling more efficient
computation in, for example, modern multi-core
architectures.
A concurrent object
could be a commonly-used data structure such as a stack, queue, or
set, or could implement a novel programming paradigm such as a software
transactional memory object, which allows several reads and writes to
be treated as a single atomic transaction \cite{HeSh08}.

Correctness conditions, such as linearizability \cite{Herlihy90}, for
concurrent objects cannot be defined in terms of pre/post conditions for
their operations due to the possibility of interference while the operations
are executing.  Instead, they are defined in terms of a relation between
(concurrent) histories of a concrete implementation and
(sequential) histories of its abstract counterpart, which
records occurrence of certain events at the concrete and abstract
levels, such as invocations and responses of method calls
\cite{DDGS15-ECOOP}.

Many papers have been devoted to verifying linearizability of
concurrent object implementations \cite{DongolD14-csur}; however, these
typically only consider behaviours of the concurrent
object at hand in isolation --- they do not provide any guarantees to the
client programs that use concurrent objects. Therefore, letting $P[O]$ denote
a client program $P$ that uses object $O$, we consider the following question:
\begin{quote}
  \emph{Provided concurrent object $OC$ is correct with respect to
    sequential object $OA$, how are the behaviours of $P[OA]$ related
    to those of $P[OC]$}?
\end{quote}
This question was been examined by Filipovi\'{c} et al.\
\cite{FORY10}, who establish a link between two correctess conditions:
\emph{sequential consistency} and \emph{linearizability} with a notion
of refinement called \emph{observational refinement}, which is
essentially \emph{data refinement} as defined by He et al.\
\cite{HeHS86}. They show that sequential consistency and observational
refinement coincide when threads are \emph{data independent} (i.e.,
there is no data shared between client threads), while linearizability
coincides with observational refinement when data dependence is allowed.

This paper provides a brief overview of our investigation, which examines
this question in a more general setting than Filipovi\'{c} et al.  A more
detailed account of this work will be published elsewhere.

\section{Concurrent objects and their clients}
\label{sec:concurrent-objects}

\begin{figure}[t]

  \begin{minipage}[b]{0.58\columnwidth}
    \smallskip

    {\tt \small Init: Head = null}\smallskip

    \begin{minipage}[t]{0.45\columnwidth}
      \tt \small push(v) ==

       H1:\      n := \textbf{new}(Node);

       H2:\
      n.val := v;

      \ \ \ \ \textbf{repeat}

       H3:\
      \ \ ss := Head;

       H4:\
      \ \ n.next := ss;

       H5:\
      \textbf{until}

      \ \ \ \ \ \ CAS(Head,ss,n)

       H6:\
      \textbf{return}
    \end{minipage}
    \begin{minipage}[t]{0.51\columnwidth}
      \tt \small pop ==

       \ \ \ \
      \textbf{repeat }

       P1:
      \ ss := Head;

       P2:
      \ \textbf{if} ss = null

      P3: \ \ \ \textbf{then return} empty

       P4:
      \ ssn := ss.next;

       P5:
      \ lv := ss.val

       P6:
      \textbf{until}

      \ \ \ \ \ \ \ CAS(Head,ss,ssn);

       P7:
      \textbf{return} lv
    \end{minipage}
    \caption{The Treiber stack}
    \label{fig:TS}
  \end{minipage}
  \hfill
  \begin{minipage}[b]{0.4\columnwidth}
    {\tt \small Init: S = $\emptyseq$}\medskip

    {\tt \small push(v) == \textbf{atomic} \{ S := $\langle$v$\rangle \cat$S\ \}}\medskip

    {\tt \small pop ==

      \ \textbf{atomic} \{

      \ \ \ \textbf{if} S = $\emptyseq$ \textbf{then}

      \ \ \ \ \ \ \textbf{return} empty

      \ \ \ \textbf{else} lv := head(S) ;

      \ \ \ \ \ \ S := tail(S) ;

      \ \ \ \ \ \ \textbf{return} lv

      \ \}
    }
    \caption{Abstract stack specification}
    \label{fig:Abstract-TS}
  \end{minipage}
\end{figure}

\reffig{fig:TS} presents a simplified version of a non-blocking stack
example due to Treiber \cite{Tre86}, which has become a standard case
study from the literature.\footnote{We assume that garbage
  collection is used --- this avoids the so-called ABA problem,
  where modifications to a shared pointer may go undetected when to the
  value changes from some value $A$ to another value $B$ then back to $A$.}
The implementation has fine-grained atomicity, and
each line of the {\tt push} and {\tt pop} operations corresponds to a
single atomic step. Synchronisation is achieved using an atomic
compare-and-swap (\texttt{CAS}) instruction, which takes as input a
\emph{(shared) variable} {\tt gv}, an \emph{expected value} {\tt lv}
and a \emph{new value} {\tt nv}:\medskip

\begin{minipage}[t]{0.9\columnwidth}
  \tt CAS(gv, lv, nv) $\sdef$ atomic \{
  \begin{tabular}[t]{@{}l@{}}
    \tt if gv = lv then gv := nv ; return true \\
    \tt else return
    false \}
  \end{tabular}
\end{minipage}\medskip

The Treiber stack implements the abstract stack specification in
\reffig{fig:Abstract-TS}, where `$\langle$' and `$\rangle$' delimit
sequences, `$\emptyseq$' denotes the empty sequence, and `$\cat$'
denotes sequence concatenation.
The abstract stack consists of a sequence of elements $S$
together with two operations $push$ and $pop$. Note that when the
stack is empty, $pop$ returns a special value {\tt empty} that cannot
be pushed onto the stack.

A correctness condition is a relationship between the \emph{histories}
of the concrete and abstract systems. Each history records the
interactions between a client and its objects. Typically, these are
invocation and return events of operation calls, which form the
object's external interface. Concurrent histories may consist of both
overlapping and non-overlapping operation calls, inducing a partial
order on events. Correctness conditions define how, if at all, this
order is maintained in the corresponding abstract history. There are
several well-known existing correctness conditions \cite{HeSh08}. In
this paper, we study two of these in detail: sequential consistency
and linearizability.
\begin{itemize}
\item \emph{Sequential consistency} \cite{Lam79} is a simple condition
  requiring the order of operation calls in a concrete history for a
  single process to be preserved. Operation calls performed by
  different processes may be reordered in the abstract history even if
  the operation calls do not overlap in the concrete history.
\item \emph{Linearizability} \cite{Herlihy90} strengthens sequential
  consistency by requiring the order of non-overlapping operations to
  be preserved. Operation calls that overlap in the concrete history
  may be reordered when mapping to an abstract history.
\end{itemize}

\paragraph{Concurrent clients.}
\label{sec:concurrent-clients}

Correctness conditions are usually defined in terms of a \textit{most
general client} which characterises the allowable behaviours of a
concurrent object; however, they do not allow us to reason about specific
clients that use these concurrent objects.
\begin{example}
  \label{ex:1}
  The program below consists of threads {\tt 1} and {\tt
    2}, a shared stack {\tt s}, and shared variables {\tt x}, {\tt y}
  and {\tt z}.  Thread {\tt 1} pushes {\tt 1} then {\tt 2} onto
  {\tt s}, then pops the top element of {\tt s}, and stores it
  in {\tt x}. Concurrently, thread {\tt 2} pops the top element of
  {\tt s} and stores it in {\tt y}, then reads the value of
  {\tt x} and stores it in {\tt z}.
  \begin{center}
    \begin{minipage}[t]{0.9\linewidth}
      \tt Init x, y, z = 0, 0, 0;
      \\
      \begin{minipage}[t]{0.4\columnwidth}
        \tt Thread 1:

        \ \ T1: s.push(1);

        \ \ T2: s.push(2);

        \ \ T3: x := s.pop();

      \end{minipage}
      \hfill
      \begin{minipage}[t]{0.4\columnwidth}
        \tt Thread 2:

        \ \ U1: y := s.pop();

        \ \ U2: z := x;
      \end{minipage}
    \end{minipage}
  \end{center}
  \noindent The program executes by \emph{interleaving} the atomic
  statements of the two threads.
  In addition,
  depending on the implementation of {\tt s}, we will get different
  behaviours of the client program because the effects of the
  concurrent operations on {\tt s} may appear to occur in different
  orders. For example, {\tt s} could be an instance of the Treiber
  Stack (\reffig{fig:TS}) (which is linearizable with respect to
  \reffig{fig:Abstract-TS}), or some other stack that satisfies a
  different correctness condition (e.g., quiescent consistency
  \cite{HeSh08}) with
  respect to the abstract stack in \reffig{fig:Abstract-TS}.

\end{example}

With an example client program in place, we now return to the main
question for this paper: How does one judge correctness of a system
consisting of both a client and the objects it uses? More specifically,
how does a correctness condition guaranteed by a concurrent object
that a client uses affect the behaviour of the client itself?
We will also consider what sorts of client behaviours should be examined.
We address these issues as follows:

\begin{itemize}
\item First, we pin down the aspects of the system that are visible to
  an external observer. Following Filipovi\'{c} et al.\ \cite{FORY10},
  we take the observable state to be the state of the client
  variables, and the unobservable state to be the state of the objects
  they use. Therefore for the program in \reffig{ex:1}, variables {\tt
    x}, {\tt y} and {\tt z} are observable, but none of the variables
  of the stack implementation {\tt s} are observable. This allows us
  to reason about a client with respect to different implementions of
  {\tt s}.
\item Second, we determine \emph{when} a system may be observed. Unlike
  Filipovi\'{c} et al.\ \cite{FORY10}, who only observe the state at
  the beginning and end of a client's execution, we take the states
  \emph{throughout} a client's execution to be visible. This
  allows us to accommodate, for example, reactive or interactive
  clients, which may not terminate.
\end{itemize}

Taking both issues into account, our notion of correctness for the
combined system will be a form of \emph{contextual refinement}, which
holds iff every (observable) trace of a client that uses a concurrent
object is equivalent to some (observable) trace of the client using the
abstract specification.

We say that $TS$ \emph{contextually trace refines} $AS$ \emph{with
  respect to the client program $P$} (denoted $AS \sqsubseteq_{P} TS$) iff
every trace of $P[TS]$ is a possible trace of $P[AS]$. In this paper,
we wish to know not only whether there is an abstract client trace
equivalent to every concrete client trace, but also whether contextual
refinement holds for every client program. To this end, we say $TS$
\emph{contextually trace refines} $AS$ (denoted $AS \sqsubseteq TS$) iff
$TS$ contextually trace refines $AS$ with respect to every client
program $P$

\section{Linking correctness and contextual trace refinement}
\label{sec:link-corr-cont}

We now use the framework from the previous sections to explore the
links between some well-known correctness conditions and contextual trace
refinement.

\paragraph{Sequential consistency.}
\label{sec:sequ-cons}
Our main result for sequential consistency and contextual trace
refinement is negative --- sequential consistency does not guarantee
contextual trace refinement of the underlying clients, regardless of
whether the client program in question is data independent.

\begin{lemma}
  \label{lem:sequ-cons-2}
  Suppose $N$ is a client object and $OA$, $OC$ are concurrent objects
  such that $OC$ is sequentially consistent with respect to $OA$. Then
  it is not necessarily the case that $N[OA] \sqsubseteq N[OC]$ holds.
\end{lemma}

\begin{example}
  \label{ex:sc2}

  Consider the program below, where the client threads are data
  independent --- {\tt x} is local to thread {\tt 1}, while {\tt y} and
  {\tt z} are local to thread {\tt 2} --- and $s$ is assumed to be
  sequentially consistent.
  \begin{center}
    \begin{minipage}[t]{0.8\linewidth}
      \tt Init x, y, z = 0;

      \begin{minipage}[t]{0.4\columnwidth}
        \tt Thread 1 ==

        \ \ \ T1:\ s.push(1);

        \ \ \ T2:\ s.push(2);

        \ \ \ T3:\ \outt\ {\;:=\;} s.pop();

        \ \ \ T4:\ x {\;:=\;} \outt;

      \end{minipage}
      \hfill
      \begin{minipage}[t]{0.4\columnwidth}
        \tt Thread 2 ==

        \ \ \ U1:\ z {\;:=\;} 1;

        \ \ \ U2:\ $\mathtt{out_2}$\ {\;:=\;} s.pop();

        \ \ \ U3:\ y {\;:=\;} $\mathtt{out_2}$;
      \end{minipage}
    \end{minipage}
  \end{center}\smallskip
  Suppose thread {\tt 1} is executed to completion, and then thread
  {\tt 2} is executed to completion. Because {\tt s} is sequentially
  consistent, the first {\tt pop} (at {\tt T3}) may set ${\sf out_1}$ to
  {\tt 1}, the second (at {\tt U2}) may set ${\sf out_2}$ to {\tt
    2}. This gives the execution $ \langle (x, y, z) \mapsto (0, 0,
  0), \ \ (x, y, z) \mapsto (1,0,0), \ \ (x, y, z) \mapsto (1,0,1), \
  \ (x, y, z) \mapsto (1,2,1)\rangle $, which cannot be generated when
  using the abstract stack $AS$ from \reffig{fig:Abstract-TS} for {\tt
    s}. \hfill \qed
\end{example}

  \reflem{lem:sequ-cons-2} differs from the results of Filipovi\'{c}
  et al.\ \cite{FORY10}, who show that for data independent
  clients, sequential consistency implies observational refinement. In
  essence, their result holds because observational refinement only
  considers the initial and final states of a client program --- the
  intermediate states of a client's execution are ignored. Thus,
  internal reorderings due to sequentially consistent objects have no
  effect when only observing pre/post states. One can develop hiding
  conditions so that observational refinement is treated as a special
  case of contextual trace refinement, allowing one to obtain a
  positive result for sequential consistency equivalent to the result
  by Filipovi\'{c} et al. Full development of this theory is left for
  future work.

\paragraph{Linearizability.}
\label{sec:linearizability}

We now consider the link between linearizability and contextual trace
refinement.

\begin{example}
  Consider the program in \refex{ex:sc2}, but now assume that the
  stack {\tt s} is linearizable, e.g., is the Treiber stack.
  Reasoning that the traces generated by this program are valid (i.e.,
  have a corresponding abstract trace) requires case analysis.
  In the final state
  we have either {\tt x = 1} or {\tt x = 2}. For traces that end with
  {\tt x = 1}, {\tt U2} must linearize before {\tt T3}, but after {\tt
    T2}. Therefore, {\tt U1} also occurs before {\tt T3}. For traces
  that end with {\tt x = 1}, either {\tt U2} linearizes before {\tt
    T1} or {\tt T3} linearizes before {\tt U2}. The graph below
  depicts all possible traces of the client using the concrete
  implementation.\medskip

  \hfill \scalebox{0.8}{\input{stack-lin.pspdftex}}  \hfill  {}

  \smallskip

  \noindent
  Each of these traces is also a possible trace of the client when it uses
  the abstract object.  \hfill \qed
\end{example}
The next lemma states that when a concurrent object is linearizable
with respect to an abstract object, then it also guarantees contextual
trace refinement of clients that use it.

\begin{lemma}
  Suppose $N$ is a client object, and $OA$ and $OC$ are concurrent objects
  such that $OC$ is linearizable with respect to $OA$. Then $N[OA]
  \sqsubseteq N[OC]$ holds.
\end{lemma}

\section{Conclusions}

In this paper, we have set up a framework for \emph{studying the links
  between different correctness conditions for concurrent objects and contextual
  trace refinement}, which generalises the results of Filipovi\'{c} et
al. \cite{FORY10}.
We study sequential consistency and linearizability, and
show that sequential consistency does not ensure contextual trace
refinement. We have also shown that linearizability between an abstract
specification and its linearizable implementation implies contextual
trace refinement.

Gotsman and Yang \cite{GY11} also extend Filipovi\'{c} et al.'s work,
treating non-termination as abort, and considering both safety and progress
properties (lock-freedom). Our trace-based framework can \emph{distinguish}
between non-terminating and aborting programs \cite{HDM10}, and hence is
more general than Gotsman and Yang \cite{GY11}; though liveness properties
are to be considered in future work.

\bibliographystyle{eptcs}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


The various present debates approximately validity in psychiatry and psychology are predicated at the unforeseen failure to validate common diagnostic different types. the popularity of this failure has ended in, what Thomas Kuhn calls, a interval of impressive technology within which validation difficulties are given elevated weight, possible choices are proposed, methodologies are debated, and philosophical and ancient analyses are obvious as extra appropriate than traditional.
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It must be noted here that the eventual reconciliation between realists and idealists is considered to be possible only through the intervention of researchers on the fourth level: if one can say of the advocates of Ausgleichung (reason) that they too are idealists (Heinroth does not say this explicitly, but the text suggests it),52 then Ausgleichung, as Heinroth means it, would be something between realism and a wrongly-conceived idealism (in this case Schelling's) in the name of the only true idealism (that of Heinroth inspired by Goethe).
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text:
Jewish Community Center of San Francisco in San Francisco, CA
Opening Night Reception & Premiere, California premiere
Discussion with Executive Producer Chris Paine and film subject Dan Koeppel (and Fredrik Gertten, via skype)
Join Chris Paine for a Cycle Ride to the Cinema
Lviv Film Center in Lviv, Ukraine
Lviv Film Center
Monday, June 01, 2015 at 06:00 PM
Spain: Documentary of the Month
Bikes vs Cars will screen across Spain throughout the month of June, as a part of the Docs Barcelona initiative, el Documental del mes. Full schedule can be found here.
la Cité in Nantes, France
Velo-City 2015 Nantes
Velo-city 2015, European Cycling Federation's annual global summit on cycling.
Fredrik Gertten in attendance for conference and screening
Friday, June 05, 2015 at 09:45 PM through June 06, 2015
Film Warehouse in Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Transilvania International Film Festival
Transilvania Film Festival, May 29-June 7.
Additional Screening: June 07, 10PM at French Institute Cluj
Dendy Newtown Cinema 1 in Newtown NSW, Australia
Australian Premiere, Sydney Film Festival, June 3rd-14, 2015.
Additional screening: Saturday, June 13th, 12:30PM at Event Cinemas George Street 8
Wednesday, June 10, 2015 at 08:00 PM
The Hive in Shrewsbury, United Kingdom
The Hive - Shrewsbury, UK
All profits from this showing to Justice for Michael Mason fund, a cyclist killed when someone drove into the back of him.
The Hive website
Grimstad Kulturhus (Pan) in Grimstad, Norway
The Norwegian Short Film Festival
Norwegian premiere, The Norwegian Short Film Festival, June 10th - June 14th
Additional screening: Thursday, June 11th at 11 AM at Grimstad Kulturhus (Vesle Hallvard)
Friday, June 12, 2015 at 08:00 PM
Vesterheim Museum courtyard in Decorah, IA
Green Iowa AmeriCorps screening
Presented by Winneshiek Energy District. Free screening, open to the public. Walking or biking to screening encouraged (and please bring a chair or blanket for seating).
Sponsored by Oneota Film Festival, Oneota Community Food Co-op, Decorah Bicycles, Decorah Human Powered Trails and Luther College's Center for Sustainable Communities.
Auditório Ibirapuera - Parque do Ibirapuera in Vila Mariana, Brazil
Brazilian premiere of Bikes vs Cars
Brazilian premiere at Parque do Ibirapuera in São Paulo. Free and open to the public. Fredrik Gertten will be in attendance. More details TBA.
On June 18th, the film will be released in cinemas in Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo through Espaço Itaú de Cinema, with additional screenings around the country beginning the following week. You can find information in Portuguese about our Brazilian release here.


text:
package ru.stesting.jtraining.mantis.appmanager;

import org.openqa.selenium.By;

/**
 * Created by DBorisov on 12.06.2016.
 */
public class SessionHelper extends HelperBase {

  public SessionHelper(ApplicationManager app) {
    super(app);
  }

  public void login(String username, String password) {
    wd.get(app.getProperty("web.baseUrl") + "/login_page.php");
    type(By.name("username"), username);
    type(By.name("password"), password);
    click(By.cssSelector("input[value='Login']"));
  }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub