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5.3.4 Hertfordshire's Strategy to Prevent Child Sexual Exploitation
This chapter was amended in March 2022 to include information on sexual harassment and violence and to note the Review of Sexual Abuse in Schools and Colleges (Ofsted, June 2021). See Section 3, The Challenge. This Report, together with Tackling Violence Against Women and Girls Strategy (GOV.UK 2021), can be found in Section 7, Further Information. A link was been added in the Further Information section to Tackling Child Exploitation: Resources Pack (Local Government Association).
Our Objectives and Priorities
Principles Underpinning our Practice
Monitoring the Impact of the Strategy
This strategy sets out the commitment of the Hertfordshire's Safeguarding Children Partnership (HSCP) to do everything possible to prevent and support victims of child sexual exploitation.
The HSCP has identified addressing CSE as a priority and is committed to implementing a strategy to ensure a shared approach to tackle the problem. Guidance identifies the HSCP as having a fundamental strategic role in relation to addressing CSE. This strategy signals our shared commitment to tackle child sexual exploitation and provide the right help to children and young people who are affected by it. The strategy provides a definition of child sexual exploitation, outlines the challenge we face locally, the principles that will inform what we do, our priorities and objectives and how we will monitor progress in achieving our ambition of fewer children and young people being affected by this appalling form of exploitation and abuse.
The sexual exploitation of children and young people (CSE) under-18 is defined as that which:
'involves exploitative situations, contexts and relationships where young people (or a third person or persons) receive 'something' (e.g. food, accommodation, drugs, alcohol, cigarettes, affection, gifts, money) as a result of them performing, and/or another or others performing on them, sexual activities.
Child sexual exploitation can occur through the use of technology without the child's immediate recognition; for example being persuaded to post sexual images on the Internet/mobile phones without immediate payment or gain.
In all cases, those exploiting the child/young person have power over them by virtue of their age, gender, intellect, physical strength and/or economic or other resources. Violence, coercion and intimidation are common, involvement in exploitative relationships being characterised in the main by the child or young person's limited availability of choice resulting from their social/economic and/or emotional vulnerability'
(Department for Education 2012 definition and adopted by Hertfordshire's Safeguarding Children Partnership. This definition is under review by the Department for Education and a new definition will be published in Working Together to Safeguard Children).
3. The Challenge
Child sexual exploitation (CSE) has a devastating impact upon children and young people. There has been a tendency to assume CSE has an impact upon very small numbers of children in particular locations. However, recent reviews of its prevalence have concluded that there will be children and young people at risk and being abused in most local authority areas and the numbers are increasing. Perpetrators and victims of CSE come from all age ranges and ethnic groups. Child sexual exploitation is not exclusive to any single community, race or religion. There is no culture in which sexual exploitation/abuse is not a serious crime.
Most sexually-exploited children live at home when their abuse begins. It is clear that increased awareness amongst parents, young people, carers, professionals across the partnership and the wider public of the nature and indicators of CSE is essential to both preventing the risk of and ending ongoing exploitation.
The Review of Sexual Abuse in Schools and Colleges (Ofsted) identified substantial levels of sexual harassment and online sexual abuse for both girls (90%) and boys (nearly 50%). Significantly, this did not always appear to be recognised by the school or college.
CSE is a specific issue which needs to be tackled strategically and operationally including actions from specialist agencies. However, young people who are being sexually exploited or are at risk of this are often subject to a range of interrelated risks which affect vulnerable young people. This might include involvement with gangs and serious youth violence, going missing from education, substance misuse and self-harm amongst others. Being frequently missing from home or care is a particular risk factor. With all of these issues, the focus of professional action will mainly be on vulnerable adolescents rather than younger children. While some victims may have histories of abuse within their own families, the risks associated with CSE are usually located outside of the family and home. Perpetrators may be known peers or unrelated adults rather than family members. There is also often a need to address unsafe places as well as unsafe adults.
Therefore a key priority of this strategy is to ensure that professionals and other adults in contact with children and young people are alert to risk factors and indicators of a range of safeguarding concerns which do not reflect the more common focus of child protection activity. They also need to be aware of how to support such young people and the range of specialist agencies that can either advise them or provide targeted support to address risk factors which may indicate or lead to CSE as well as providing a clear response when CSE is confirmed to be taking place.
4. Our Objectives and Priorities
The strategy will focus on the following key areas:
Understand the scale of the problem in Hertfordshire and develop a co-ordinated multi-agency response;
Provide intensive support around the young person, their family and peers;
Give equal focus through the three pronged approach to CSE; Prevent, Protect and Pursue;
Raise awareness of sexual exploitation of professionals, families and the community;
Disrupt hot spots, houses, hotels, shopping centres being used and report to licensing bodies where appropriate;
Set out a plan of action to achieve these objectives.
We aim to Prevent by:
Promoting self-esteem, positive relationships and resilience so that fewer children and young people are at risk from people who would sexually exploit them;
Raising awareness amongst children, young people, their families and the wider community about what child sexual exploitation is and where to get help;
Reducing tolerance of behaviours that underpin exploitation and abuse in personal relationships;
Improving access to health and relationship advice for children and young people both in schools and those not in mainstream education;
Improving the effectiveness of people working with and caring for children and young people in recognising child sexual abuse, and taking appropriate action;
Building the effectiveness of help and interventions to prevent children and young people who have been identified as being at risk of child sexual exploitation;
Strengthen and assure the arrangements to safeguard vulnerable children known to be at greater risk of child sexual exploitation and abuse;
Reduce the number of episodes of children and young people going missing;
Improve school attendance and reduce the time children are missing education.
Protect by:
Building the effectiveness of help and interventions in protecting children and young people who are or have been sexually exploited;
Providing help that enables children and young people to recover resilience and overcome the harm caused by the abuse they have experienced;
Engaging and listening to children and young people in developing, delivering and monitoring the impact of risk management plans to prevent and tackle child sexual exploitation;
Sharing and using information/intelligence effectively so that analysis leads to effective targeted action to prevent sexual exploitation and protect children and young people;
Making best use of resources in planning, commissioning and delivering services to support children, young people and their parents and carers;
Developing the capability of the workforce in working with child sexual exploitation.
Pursue by:
Disrupting and preventing the activities of individuals intent on child sexual abuse and exploitation;
Maximising the use of enforcement powers to interrupt the activities of perpetrators;
Taking action against perpetrators, including bringing them to justice for crimes they have committed.
Agencies in Hertfordshire are determined to work together, proactively across the partnership to identify those vulnerable to sexual exploitation, build resilience, prevent exploitation taking place and prosecute perpetrators of this crime. We will work with young people, their families, professionals, and communities to raise awareness of the issue, and ensure our early help services are well placed to provide effective support and minimise the risk of young people becoming victims.
5. Principles Underpinning our Practice
Effective multi-agency work and reaching out to children, young people, their families and the wider community is key to the success of this strategy. These principles inform our practice in preventing and tackling child sexual exploitation:
Key principles:
Children and young people are not responsible for their own abuse;
Children and Young people are groomed and manipulated by perpetrators to secure their compliance;
Children and young people are not in control of the abuse or the situations they find themselves in;
Effective Information Sharing.
Be child centred and focused on taking action that has a positive impact for the child or young person. We recognise that children and young people can be both victims and perpetrators, and move between these roles. We will take the wishes of children and young people into account whilst acknowledging that some do not recognise what may be an exploitative and abusive situation. Sexually exploited children should be treated as victims of abuse, not as offenders. Targeted work with children and young people identified as being susceptible to exploitation reduces vulnerability;
Work and support children and young people who are victims of sexual exploitation to break free from exploitation and recognise they are often distrustful of adults and statutory services. Whilst there may be situations which require emergency interventions to protect young people, our approach is to work collaboratively, support and empower young people and their families to find solutions themselves wherever possible as often they are best placed to influence and help them change how they think, feel and behave about the situation they are in and where it may lead. We can reduce vulnerability and the risk of exploitation through providing targeted support and education;
Work with the wider community to promote a better understanding of child sexual exploitation and how it can be recognised and tackled. Community includes neighbourhoods where families and young people live, and it includes the public realm and places where children and young people are groomed, exploited and abused;
Be proactive in sharing and analysing information so we identify and profile children and young people at risk before they are exploited and abused. This will enable us to provide targeted prevention interventions to individual and groups of children and young people, and to understand how we can reduce the risk to children and young people when they go to specific locations;
Ensure effective sharing and analysis of information across agencies so we effectively protect children and interrupt perpetrator behaviour and bring them to justice whilst placing the protection and welfare of children and young people first. Children who are sexually exploited are victims of child sexual abuse and we will hold perpetrators to account for their behaviour through disrupting their activity and criminal prosecution. We will not place or leave children and young people at risk of harm in order to achieve better evidence and greater likelihood of prosecution. We will find innovative ways of using the law to disrupt and hold perpetrators to account. (As CSE usually includes sexual abuse of children and criminal activity, then existing guidance on information sharing relating to seeking and potentially overriding of consent applies).
6. Monitoring the Impact of the Strategy
Governance is key and the HSCP will be informed and challenge the progress of this strategy.
Tackling Violence Against Women and Girls Strategy (GOV.UK 2021)
Tackling Child Exploitation: Resources Pack (Local Government Association)


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Дингисвайо () (1780?—1817) — правитель (инкоси) вождества мтетва (1808—1817), при нём начинается консолидация родовых групп и объединений, занимавших территории вдоль юго-восточного побережья Южной Африки и впоследствии составивших основу для формирования этнической общности и державы зулу.

История Дингисвайо
Настоящее имя Дингисвайо — Годонгвана (Godongwana). Он был сыном инкоси (правителя) мтетва Джобе. Братья Тана и Годонгвана организовали заговор против своего отца. Тана был схвачен и казнен, а Годонгвана бежал от своего отца, опасаясь кары за участие в заговоре с целью его свержения. Вернулся домой он уже после смерти Джобе в 1808 году. Отстранил от власти и изгнал своего брата Мавеве, который был вскоре заманен обратно и убит. Имя Дингисвайо можно перевести как «скиталец», что подчеркивает длительность отсутствия и лишения, перенесенные им во время изгнания.

Нововведения Дингисвайо
При Дингисвайо значительное развитие получила традиционная система амабуто (ед.ч. — ибуто) — объединений, состоявших из молодых людей одной возрастной группы, проходивших вместе обряд инициации — посвящения мальчиков во взрослых мужчин. Ранее амабуто собирались не на постоянной основе, а по мере необходимости. В мирное время в их обязанности входило возведение новых краалей (умзи), участие в охотничьих предприятиях, расчистка полей под посевы и выполнение других хозяйственных работ. В случае войны из амабуто формировались вооруженные силы вождества. Уже во времена Дингисвайо амабуто превратились в преимущественно военные подразделения — импи.

Завоевательная политика Дингисвайо
Дингисвайо удалось распространить свою власть на территории в междуречье рек Тугела и Умфолози. Его стремление установить контроль над торговлей с португальцами, обосновавшимися в заливе Делагоа (Мапуту), наталкивалось на сопротивление со стороны вождества ндвандве во главе со Звиде. Противостояние этих двух могущественных правителей определяло расстановку сил на всем протяжении побережья Юго-Восточной Африки от португальских владений на севере до р. Умзимвубу на юге. После смерти Дингисвайо в 1817 (по другим данным в 1818 г.) на месте распавшегося вождества мтетва происходит формирование державы зулу, основателем и правителем которой являлся Чака.

Оценка деятельности Дингисвайо
В устной традиции зулу Дингисвайо отводится значительное и почетное место. Благодаря его покровительству началось возвышение Чаки, а после смерти правителя мтетва именно Чака выступает его прямым наследником и продолжателем, завершившим объединение вождеств и родовых общин в междуречье Тугелы и Умфолози. Насколько точно эти представления соответствуют действительности, сейчас сказать практически невозможно. Но то, что Чака и Дингисвайо неразрывно связаны между собой в исторической памяти зулу, свидетельствует, что предпосылки возвышения державы зулу закладывались как раз в период правления Дингисвайо.

Литература
 Риттер Э. А. Зулус Чака. — , 1989.
 Gybson J.Y. The Story of the Zulus. — , 1911.
 Fynn H. F. The Diary of Henry Francis Fynn. — Pietermaritzburg, 1950.

Короли зулусов
История ЮАР

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MM 2/7/16 You won't always limp!
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← MM 2/4/16 hang in there!
Thanks… the affirming word I needed today as I have been angry with God for allowing new health issues to once again challenge my availability for Kingdom purposes…I claim healing in the name of Jesus! May His name be praised!!
You are welcome. We will continue to pray for your health. I appreciate your faith.


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Sourav Ganguly December 24, 2007
'I always believed I had it in me to play'
Interview by Anand Vasu
Sourav Ganguly looks ahead to his 100th Test and back at his golden year
Listen to the interview
There's a steaming mug of tea in his hand when he opens the door of his suite to let me in. "Shall I make you a cup?" he offers. "Or perhaps you'd prefer Coke or Pepsi?" I turn them all down, firmly but politely, for I'm nervous and can't think of anything but the questions I have for Sourav Ganguly, in this much-postponed interview that's finally arrived. I've rehearsed my questions but immediately make a nervous mistake: "So, 100 Tests must be special for you. You've seen Sachin, Rahul and Sourav reach the milestone ..."
I'm nervous because I sit before a Ganguly who I, like many others, had sat in judgment of not long ago, and pronounced his career finished. Now Ganguly Mark II is on the verge of playing his 100th Test, and has been India's best batsman in the year gone by. But he puts me at ease, at once disarmingly warm and polite, asking about my career and family. Once I begin to ask questions, and he to answer, it all becomes simple once more. Because he's not expecting an apology. He has been the same person, through different phases of batting; in some ways he's been through it all. And yet, he wants to see more.
More where those came from: Ganguly acknowledges the cheers for his 239 against Pakistan at Bangalore © AFP
Does 100 Tests mean a lot to you? You've seen Sachin, Rahul and Anil reach this milestone already.
Yeah, it does. It's a huge milestone for any cricketer, and not many in Indian cricket have achieved it. Sunil Gavaskar, Dilip Vengsarkar, Kapil Dev, and among the current lot Anil [Kumble], Sachin [Tendulkar] and Rahul [Dravid]. So it will be good to join that club.
Among the names you have mentioned in the current crop, you've had a rougher ride than the others. So in some way do you look at it as a journey against the odds? Someone from Bengal playing 100 Tests ...
We as a state have not produced many big players. But I hope in the future we start doing that, because places like Bombay and Karnataka and Delhi have produced Test players one after the other. In a state where cricket is so well-loved, it's important that we keep producing players who turn up and play for India.
Let's just divide your career into a few phases. First there's 1992 to 1996, when you played one game and then were dropped, then 1996 when you made your Test debut and went on till 2000, then captaincy from 2000 to 2005, and finally 2005 to now. Talk us through the many ages of Ganguly.
In 1992 I was pretty young. I went to Australia, hardly got to play any cricket, just played one one-day international and then got left out. I played domestic cricket for four years. I was young then and it didn't matter a lot to me then, being left out. Then I came back in 1996 and obviously had a good start to my Test career and then played on. In 2000 I became captain and stayed till 2005, and this was a very successful time in Indian cricket, so it was a satisfying tenure for me. I was left out again in 2005. [I'm] happy to be back and performing as I have been since I made my comeback.
Do you think captaincy came to you a bit early?
Yes. I was just five seasons old in international cricket. Sachin didn't want to lead the side after that Australia series [1999-2000] and I was the vice-captain then. I was a certainty in both forms of the game, so from that point of view I was the choice. But in terms of the number of years I had played for India, it was a bit early.
You took over at a tough time, at the end of match-fixing. You pledged on TV that your team was clean and would continue to be clean. Was that a tough time to take charge?
Yes it was. It surprised me at that stage because I was not even aware that these things could actually happen. For those reasons we got a crop of young players. Yuvraj [Singh], Zaheer [Khan] came into the scene in 2000. There were only four seniors in the side in me, Sachin, Rahul and Anil. To build a team helped us. Players like [Virender] Sehwag, Harbhajan [Singh], Ashish Nehra did the job in one-day cricket. And the benefits are being reaped now. These guys have since become match-winners.
You've spoken a bit about youngsters coming through in that period. But the batting also did well; the results were strong. Against Australia, the best team in the world, India won at home and drew away. Was that a golden age for Indian cricket?
Yes, of course. And we beat Pakistan in Pakistan after 50 years and we went to the World Cup final. We played two mini-World Cup finals in that time. People like Sachin, Rahul, [VVS] Laxman and Sehwag were batting at their best. That probably helped the team.
"In 1992 I was a young boy, 18 or 19, and it didn't matter to me. I was happy playing for Bengal and just playing first-class cricket. At that age you don't worry about anything. When I lost my place in the side in 2005, it was different "
Your leadership played a big role in this. Especially what you did with the younger players. What did you do differently?
I just set them free. As a captain I had certain ideas - which I see pretty much in Kumble now. I was a firm believer that every cricketer needs to get a fair chance. I had decided that I was going to take the pressure off the players and let them play freely. Which really helped them do justice to their talent. At the same time I had Rahul, Sachin, Anil and Laxman, who themselves were playing outstanding cricket.
What you brought to the team and what you are are different things. You're a polite, mild-mannered person but your team was rough and ready for a scrap.
I realised that we played well when we were aggressive. When we took the foot off the accelerator, we were a completely different team. We needed to get the team charged up and we got results against Australia in 2001. They came here ... Steve Waugh had won everywhere but here [in India]. He was putting pressure on the team and we were a young side and they knew they were the top team. The only way we could have done well against them was by being aggressive.
One of the things that was always spoken of in Indian cricket was regionalism. But your reign as captain saw an end to that, to a large extent.
To be honest, when I played cricket even before I was captain, I didn't notice much. Maybe I was too young to do that. When I became captain my entire responsibility was to pick the best possible 15 for India. I wanted to do that and I had no pressures from anywhere to pick someone or drop someone. I made it pretty clear that if I'm captain, the best team has to play.
Another important thing that happened at the time was the appointment of India's first foreign coach. You had your differences with John Wright, but in hindsight, and especially in the light of what followed, it was a very healthy working relationship, wasn't it?
We worked very well. We had mutual respect for each other. There will be differences in opinion. He'll have an opinion on something and I'll try and give my side of the story. At the end of the day, I always feel it's the captain that counts. Because I have to take decisions in the middle.
John was a fantastic person. He was responsible in changing the outlook of Indian cricket. He made the boys realise that winning overseas is important, and that it was not just about winning at home. He was responsible in getting Harbhajan to bowl the way he did against Australia in 2001.
Towards the end of your tenure you seemed to be weighed down by it all, especially when your own batting form dipped. Would you agree with that assessment?
When you don't perform well as captain, in any country, and particularly in the subcontinent, you will have pressures. Probably it's a coincidence that in the last phase of my captaincy I didn't perform well with the bat. But during my entire tenure I tried to keep captaincy and batting separate. When I went out to bat I never thought I was captain. Even when I did not score with the bat, I knew I had to take decisions on the field that would make the team win. In the later stages it was just a coincidence that I lost the captaincy when my batting form was not good.
With John Wright at Trent Bridge in 2002: 'We worked very well. We had mutual respect for each other' © Getty Images
Wright has since admitted that he probably stayed on longer than he should have. Do you think maybe there was a similar situation with you and the captaincy?
No, I don't think so. John wanted to go after the Pakistan series [in 2003-04]. But that had a lot more to do with family reasons than cricket. He had two young children, and to be honest, he had been away from New Zealand for four or five years. We used to go on tour and then return home, but he used to return to India, which was away from home. From that point of view it was harder for him because we would invariably go home, he wouldn't.
You were out of the side from 1992 to 1996. Then again, you were out in 2005. How would you compare the two phases?
They're two completely different things. In 1992 I was a young boy, 18 or 19, and it didn't matter to me. I was happy playing for Bengal and just playing first-class cricket. At that age you don't worry about anything. When I lost my place in the side in 2005, it was different. I was 32, I'd lost my captaincy - for whatever reasons; there was a lot of controversy going around. That was not a very happy way to lose my place in the side. Those two situations were completely different.
What kept you going when you were left out the second time around? What sort of work did you do?
I worked on my game and I got a lot of time for myself. When I was away from the hustle and bustle of international cricket, the hotels, airports, day-in and day-out, that's a different grind. The fatigue ... I was completely out of the system, but I always believed I had it in me to play. There were a lot of tough tours coming and I knew that if people don't do well, my turn will come. It was just a belief and hope and things could have gone the other way as well. But that's what destiny is all about.
From the outside it appears that you're a lot calmer at the crease now. Your composure is intact. Is this a change since you made your comeback?
It depends, Anand. When you play well, a lot of things look good. When you're not playing well, you try things and it doesn't work. That's why this is sport. Obviously I have more time to myself now and captaincy does take a load in India. As a captain you have to handle the team, your own game, media, selection, getting tours working - so it is not easy. Now I have more time for myself, to work on my game. I can think about what I need to do to help the team which keeps me mentally fresh.
So you would agree that batting is a lot about keeping your mind free and sorting the mental aspects?
Yeah, of course. Anything is about keeping your mind free. The more you start thinking about other things, it doesn't help.
"To be honest, I've not seen anything special, except for Yuvraj and Sehwag in the batting, and Harbhajan, Sreesanth and RP. Zaheer is a seasoned campaigner, so I'm not including him in this bracket. We need some more quality players coming through, especially in terms of batting"
Which of your innings since your comeback has given you the most satisfaction? And you have a few to choose from.
To be very honest the first knock in Johannesburg was very crucial. It was my comeback and it was a difficult wicket and we won a Test match in South Africa for the first time. My knock in Nottingham, when me and Sachin had a crucial stand, that was satisfying - also in a match India won. A hundred at Eden Gardens, my first hundred at home, that was satisfying. Also my first double-hundred, [after] we were 61 for 4 ... it's been good.
You're not known for your fitness, but still you've had a long career. What's the secret of your longevity?
I have done my fitness work. I'm not as fit as a Mohammad Kaif or as some of these younger guys are. When we started our cricket, the idea of fitness was completely different. It has changed over the years. People like me and Rahul have worked on our fitness. We may not be the quickest on the field. But we do our cardio and weights, which actually helps when you bat.
Your technique is not as compact as Sachin's or Rahul's. Have you had to work that much harder?
No, it's not as compact. My technique was never as compact as those two, but I have other gifts. My timing. I could hit the good balls for four and maybe other people may not have had this ability. I had to adjust my game accordingly.
I've realised what my strengths are and what my strengths are not, and played accordingly. By God's grace I had this natural ability of being a very good player on the off side. That helped in international cricket, because that's the channel where bowlers like to bowl and try to get you out. Every player is going to be different, but every player should find a way to get runs. I've just found my way.
You've spoken about some of the difficulties in leading India. What's the most difficult part?
The most difficult part of leading India is time management. And you have to be thick-skinned. You cannot worry about what's going on around you. You have to lead with your best intentions. You have to wake up in the morning or go to sleep in the night thinking, "Today I've done what is the best for the good of Indian cricket." There will be opinions. Thousands of people are watching, people are making livelihoods out of this game, so there will be criticism. If you start going through all of them, then you'll have a very tough time. You have to learn how to switch yourself off from all this and do what is good for the game.
'You have to learn how to switch yourself off from all this and do what is good for the game' © Cricinfo Ltd
Rahul Dravid has said that the reactions of the fans and the media sometimes lacks proportion. Would you agree?
I've had my ways of dealing with this. And I've told Jam this once before as well. You should not be worried about how the media and public react. They can react however they want. It's how you as captain react to what they say that's important. You have to learn to keep yourself out of all this.
To digress for a second: I have criticised you repeatedly over the years, in my writing and on television. I'm seen to be anti-Ganguly. Why are you sitting down with me and speaking to me?
No, no, no. I have never thought like that. I have never worried about criticism. If I don't play well, I don't expect you to write that I've played well. What only matters is that it should not get personal. Anand, I'm a pretty free person. I don't have hiccups like this and I don't carry baggage. Even with my team-mates, when I was captain, I would get angry with them on the field at times, but off the field I'd go out of my way to back them. I've got no issues with criticism. Sometimes it helps.
What is preventing India, with its large talent pool and vast resources, from becoming a dominant force in world cricket?
I think we have become more dominant over time. Playing at home we've always been very good. But our performance overseas in the last five-seven years has changed. I was reading recently, probably on your website, that India has won more matches overseas than any team other than Australia, in recent times. That's a pretty good sign. But we need some quality players. We've had a crop of players - Tendulkar, Dravid, myself, Laxman, Anil, in the 34-35 years bracket - who have been outstanding for Indian cricket. We need some consistent talent coming through. To be honest, I've not seen anything special, except for Yuvraj and Sehwag in the batting, and Harbhajan, Sreesanth and RP. Zaheer is a seasoned campaigner, so I'm not including him in this bracket. We need some more quality players coming through, especially in terms of batting.
If you could change something about Indian cricket what would it be?
Try and take the pressure off the players as much as possible. Let them play as freely as they can.
Anand Vasu is an associate editor at Cricinfo
Features India's best left-hander, and much more
Audio/Video Listen to full interview
Players/Officials Rahul Dravid | Sourav Ganguly | Harbhajan Singh | Zaheer Khan | Anil Kumble | VVS Laxman | Virender Sehwag | Sachin Tendulkar | John Wright | Yuvraj Singh
Series/Tournaments India tour of Australia
Teams India

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


This Dispute Resolution System (DRS) is not intended to replace arbitration or mediation activities conducted by associations' Professional Standards Committees. The program is designed to resolve disputes between buyers, sellers, and real estate brokers/salespeople not otherwise covered under Article 17 of the Code of Ethics and Standards of Practice of the National Association of REALTORS® (NAR).
"Dispute Resolution System" and the acronym "DRS" are used to identify methods of resolving disputes out of court, including mediation and arbitration. DRS programs are increasingly important as parties and the courts are utilizing programs that avoid the legal system and resolve disputes in a quick and cost efficient manner. DRS reflects a serious effort to design workable and fair alternatives to civil litigation.
Negotiation—Direct bargaining between disputing parties with the parties attempting to resolve the dispute without the involvement of a neutral third party. Many real estate brokers practice this method of DRS without even realizing it. One example is where a disgruntled buyer on a walk-through inspection finds the seller broke the mailbox when moving out of the home and the real estate broker offers to replace the mailbox to resolve the problem.
Mediation—In mediation, a neutral third party assists the disputants in negotiating a mutually acceptable settlement. Mediators do not make decisions but instead help the parties make their own agreement by clarifying issues, utilizing persuasion, and employing other conflict resolution strategies and techniques. Although there is no guarantee that every dispute will be resolved, surveys show that settlements are reached over 80% of the time.
Arbitration—Arbitration is probably the best known DRS method. In arbitration, parties agree to submit existing or future disputes to a neutral third party, the arbitrator, or a panel of arbitrators who decide how the dispute will be resolved. In binding arbitration, the decision of the arbitrator(s) is final and binding. In non-binding arbitration, the parties choose whether to accept the arbitrator's decision or to proceed to litigation.
Discourages litigation of frivolous claims.
Parties actively participate in the process.
Provides a service brokers and salespeople can offer to clients and customers.
Enhances the image of REALTORS® by providing consumers viable alternatives to litigation.
Potential for lowering cost of Errors and Omissions insurance.
Parties retain their legal rights to arbitrate or litigate if mediation is unsuccessful.
Process helps restore goodwill between disputants.
True interests of the parties (not just their positions) are discovered/addressed.
Process and agreement are flexible, allowing parties to move beyond different views of law or fact to creative durable solutions beyond "win/lose".
Solutions are just as finding and enforceable as arbitration awards.
Parties are less likely to have to go into court to enforce their agreement than in arbitration because the parties have entered into the agreement as opposed to having a third party render an award.
These materials were developed by the National Association of REALTORS® for associations to use in conducting alternative DRS programs involving consumers (i.e., buyers and sellers). Many associations have already implemented the mediation program developed by NAR in 1990, or have adopted this program when it was first offered back in 1994. Other associations have designed and implemented their own DRS programs.
These materials update the NAR program. Associations are free to use the mediation materials, the arbitration materials or a combination of mediation and arbitration.
A combination mediation/arbitration program may be the most useful in settling disputes in a timely and cost-efficient manner. In a combined program, the DRS clause in the agreement provides for a two-step process, first mediation and then, if mediation is not successful, arbitration. The key is to first have the parties make good faith efforts through mediation to make their own settlement. If parties cannot resolve their differences through mediation, they have committed to arbitration, through which a neutral third party decides the dispute based on the facts.
The NAR program is designed to resolve disputes between buyers, sellers, and real estate brokers/salespersons. The program is not designed to be used for disputes between REALTORS®. Disputes between REALTORS® must be resolved through mediation and/or arbitration procedures established in the NAR Code of Ethics and Arbitration Manual.
Many civil court systems across the United States have adopted some form of DRS. Generally, DRS is triggered at the time the lawsuit is filed. Depending upon the particular type of program, once a suit is filed, the parties must participate in mediation or non-binding arbitration. If the DRS is unsuccessful, civil litigation begins. DRS programs are frequently encouraged because they provide a measuring stick for the parties to determine the relative strength of their cases. The NAR program does not conflict with court-annexed DRS programs because the NAR program takes place prior to the filing of litigation.
The NAR program creates minimal legal exposure for associations. Associations should review each component and, after the decision is made to adopt one or both components, carefully follow the NAR Guidelines. Associations that follow these Guidelines, and provide confirmation to NAR that a DRS program has been adopted locally, will be covered under the professional liability insurance provided by NAR.
Note: At the discretion of the local association, the local DRS program can be offered in rental transactions between landlords and tenants, and their real estate brokers/licensees.
The concept of a REALTOR® DRS program for buyer-seller disputes was conceived in 1987 by members of the REALTORS® Liability Task Force. In January 1988, members of the then newly formed REALTORS® Risk Reduction DRS Subcommittee began the task of designing and developing a Dispute Resolution System that could be easily implemented by local associations and REALTORS® throughout the country.
In their deliberations, members of the subcommittee evaluated and debated the merits of arbitration as well as mediation. Because of the non-adversarial nature of mediation, and the fact that disputants did not give up legal rights in agreeing to mediation, the NAR program was developed initially as a mediation program. The Mediation Guidelines were developed and sent, in 1990, to every association for their independent endorsement and administration.
Since 1990, several state associations have successfully developed and implemented arbitration programs. Because of their success and the interest in arbitration, in 1992, the Risk Reduction Committee decided to expand the NAR DRS program to include Arbitration Guidelines, at the discretion of local associations.
Use the following links to obtain additional information.


Inpatient, or household, medicine therapy calls for that the individual receiving treatment for addictions or material abuse, staying in a center for a designated length of time. Inpatient therapy may be either short or long term depending on the demands as well as circumstance of the person.
Although inpatient treatment can occur in a medical facility atmosphere, generally a property setup is common, providing 24-hour care and supervision. The most common technique of therapy is a therapeutic neighborhood, including the team and other patients, concentrating on aiding the individual identify the sources and also conditions that bring about drug abuse. Healthcare is also readily available.
The major benefit of residential rehab is accessibility to the restorative community. Patients are immersed in a recuperation setting in which all are committed to breaking the addiction. The most successful programs that do not have a set time for launch, as well as produce treatment programs that are tailored to the requirements of the client.


Can the UK Improve its Relationship with India?
The mention of Africa conjures images of impressive wildlife, diverse habitats and safaris, but also images of deprivation and inequality. Yet despite its current status as home to the world's most underdeveloped countries, the past few years have seen a remarkable change in tide for the continent.
According to the Economist Africa's annual output grew 4.9% faster than the global average of 3.8% in 2000-08. Foreign direct investment increased from $10 billion to $88 billion, which was more than India ($42 billion) and, remarkably, almost as much as China ($108 billion).
This increase in growth and foreign investment can be attributed to the fact that international businesses can no longer ignore Africa's potential. The continent is not only the second largest in size and population in the world, but it is also vastly rich in natural resources, a sector which surprisingly only accounts to about a third of the continent's growth.
Pharmaceutical and telecommunications industries among others are increasingly looking towards Africa as manufacturing costs are cheaper and labour costs in current powerhouses India and China keep increasing. The Economist also mentions the rising sector of 'frugal innovation', which involves developing clever designs to serve the poor. International entrepreneurs and organisations would be wise to take advantage of the endless possibilities for development and business ventures that Africa has to offer.
Starting a business venture in Africa successfully requires an understanding of the cultures and societies present on the continent. Africa is still largely considered uncharted territory for the business world compared to other regions, so getting to know the challenges and intricacies of working alongside African colleagues and their traditions could provide your company with an edge by starting on the right foot.
As Africa becomes an increasingly attractive location for international business ventures, we are seeing an increase in the number of corporate and public sector clients who ask for training on African countries like Kenya, Ghana, South Africa and Zambia. These organisations are leading the way in ensuring that their employees have the right level of cultural support and intercultural training they need to successfully adapt to their professional and daily life in Africa.
Providing relocation training courses such as Living and Working in South Africa to international assignees or cross-cultural training for business and management programmes such as Doing Business in Nigeria, you can significantly increase the chances of any business opportunity in Africa succeeding.
With the World Cup hosted in South Africa over the last month, the whole continent has seen an influx of visitors never seen before. This has provided the perfect opportunity for businesses to see first-hand the numerous prospects and benefits of doing business on the African continent. Organisations doing business in Africa over the next few years will lead the way in harnessing the many benefits this greatly diverse continent has to offer.


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Q: How to strictly bound places within 15km of a particular LatLng in Google Places Autocomplete API? I am implementing Google Places Autocomplete API in Android. It should display only the places in the 15km radius of LatLong 10.0158605,76.3418666. The issue is, it will also display other places in India along with the places in this 15km radius. Is there any way to Strictly Bound only 15km places? I found codes in Javascript to give restriction and strictly bound. But I don't know how to solve it in Android. Please give a solution.
/* autocomplete.setComponentRestrictions(
         {'location': '10.0158605,76.3418666',
         'radius':15});
         autocomplete.setOptions({strictBounds: true});  */ //JavaScript

  private static final LatLng south=new LatLng(9.876752,76.483111);
  private static final LatLng north=new LatLng(10.141144,76.470065);
  private static final LatLngBounds BOUNDS_MOUNTAIN_VIEW1=LatLngBounds.builder().include(north).include(south).build();

  location.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
        @Override
        public void onClick(View v) {
            AutocompleteFilter typeFilter = new AutocompleteFilter.Builder()
                  .setTypeFilter(AutocompleteFilter.TYPE_FILTER_REGIONS)
                    .setCountry("IN")
                    .build();
            try {

                Intent intent = new PlaceAutocomplete.IntentBuilder
                        (PlaceAutocomplete.MODE_OVERLAY)
                        .setBoundsBias(BOUNDS_MOUNTAIN_VIEW1)
                        .setFilter(typeFilter)
                        .build(getActivity());
                startActivityForResult(intent, REQUEST_SELECT_PLACE);
            } catch (GooglePlayServicesRepairableException |
                    GooglePlayServicesNotAvailableException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    });

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


US President Donald Trump said he has spoken with Saudi Arabia "at the highest level" about the disappearance of Jamal Khashoggi, a Saudi journalist and prominent critic of his country's royal family, who was last seen entering the kingdom's consulate in Istanbul. The Post, citing anonymous U.S. officials familiar with the intelligence, said Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman ordered an operation to lure Mr Khashoggi from his home in Virginia, where he lived most recently, to Saudi Arabia and then detain him.
That same day, President Trump was asked about Khashoggi's disappearance and didn't have much to say apart from "I am concerned about it".
"We're monitoring this very closely, this situation very closely, and we are working closely with [the] State Department", Mattis said.
The Post reported late Wednesday that Mohammed bin Salman, the Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia, ordered that Khashoggi, a prominent critic, be lured from his home in the us and detained.
"It's a very serious situation for us and this White House", he said.
While angry members of Congress likely won't cause the administration to end decades of close security ties with Saudi Arabia, the initiation on Wednesday of possible sanctions under the Global Magnitsky Human Rights Accountability Act indicated the depth of concern on Capitol Hill over Khashoggi's case. "And we want do get to the bottom of it", the USA president said.
Later on Thursday, Trump told reporters at the White House that he saw no reason to block Saudi Arabian investments in the United States despite the Khashoggi incident, saying the Gulf nation would then just move its money into Russian Federation and China.
On October 2, Khashoggi's fiancée Hatic Cengiz waited for him outside the Consulate for 11 hours, but he never came out-and Cengiz fears that Khashoggi was either kidnapped or killed.
US intelligence intercepted communications of Saudi officials discussing a plan to capture Khashoggi before he vanished, according to the Post, which cited two people familiar with the information.
Khashoggi, a wealthy former government insider who had been living in the U.S.in self-imposed exile, had written a series of columns for the Post critical of Mohammed bin Salman.
What's next: As the two sides preserve the veneer of cooperation, Turkish investigators were widely expected to conduct a search at the consulate today after Saudi Arabia granted its permission.
Since 2009, the executive branch has notified Congress of proposed foreign military sales to Saudi Arabia of major defense articles and services with a potential aggregate value of almost $139 billion, according to a Congressional Research Service report.
Khashoggi, 59, has not been seen since he entered the Saudi consulate in Istanbul on October 2.
Around the time Khashoggi entered the consulate, a second private plane from Riyadh took off for Istanbul. On Wednesday, State Department spokesperson Robert Palladino said that the USA had "no advance knowledge" of Khashoggi's disappearance. "We have a country that's doing probably better economically than it's ever done before", Trump said.
Hours earlier, meteorologists watched satellite imagery in complete awe as the storm intensified. As winds started to topple trees in Tallahassee, one of them landed on Joe Marino's chimney.
An evacuation order had been downgraded Wednesday to the handful of homes near the explosion site. He also said people north of the Lheidli T'enneh reserve have been evacuated.
Google has announced that it will not be placing a bid for a cloud-computing contract with the Pentagon. Google isn't the only major tech company working with parts of the U.S. military.
Anything you don't immediately have access to will be easy to buy given how many rupees you start this version of the game with. However, upon finishing the game (which should not take long with the given head start) players unlock "Second Quest".