text:
MY FAVORITE THING IS MONSTERS Roundtable Discussion
By Lindsey Mott
'Tis the season for all things spooky! In the spirit of October, ComicsVerse conducted a roundtable on MY FAVORITE THING IS MONSTERS. Created by Emil Ferris and published by Fantagraphics in February 2017, MY FAVORITE THING IS MONSTERS is no typical horror comic. It takes place in 1960s Chicago following Karen, a horrorphile who believes she might, in fact, be a werewolf. After her neighbor Anka dies under mysterious circumstances, Karen dons a duster and takes it upon herself to solve the mystery surrounding her death. What she uncovers about Anka's past is not for the faint of heart.
The following conversation revolves around some of the many themes touched on in this masterwork, including horror, identity, and victimization. We hope this discussion inspires you to pick up this graphic novel.
This roundtable features Writing Intern Jeremiah Johnston (JJ), Contributing Writers Kelsey McConnell (KM) and Ashley Wertz (AW), Editor Eric Rivlin (ER), and Independent Publishers Section Co-Head Morgan Slade (MS), with Independent Publishers Section Co-Head Lindsey Mott (LM) acting as a facilitator.
Image courtesy of Fantagraphics Books.
Meet Karen, Our Favorite Monster.
LM: MY FAVORITE THING IS MONSTERS begins with an account of a mob hunting down Karen as she transforms into a werewolf. Right from the jump, what does this tell you about our narrator? What tone does this set for the rest of the graphic novel?
ER: Opening a book with a dream sequence can be either really good or really bad because it can give you a false impression of what's to come. But, this opening made perfect sense because a lot of MY FAVORITE THING IS MONSTERS takes place in Karen's imagination. It shows you what she thinks of the outside world, which immediately lets you know who this character is.
KM: I really love monster media. Monsters usually represent the people who don't fit in with mainstream society, so the opening really stuck out to me, especially when Karen was ripping her dress. We get the sense that she doesn't really fit in the typical little girl role and that she feels alienated by society at large.
Eating Brains and Breaking Hearts: Zombie Morality in Comics
Monsters and Identity
LM: The title of this graphic novel is such because Karen's favorite thing is monsters. She strongly identifies with horror movies and even believes herself to be a werewolf. How does this influence how she navigates her setting of 1960s Chicago as a queer woman of color? Furthermore, did you see parallels between Karen and yourself?
MS: The whole image of her as this werewolf kid wearing the cutesy little sixties girl dresses really resonated with me because it reminded me of my childhood experiences. I knew that something was off about me, in terms of gender. I didn't really fit in with the other girls. There was something that was more kind of like, hairy and messy about me.
KM: I think it's really interesting that Karen believes herself to be a werewolf, even though she knows she's not but she's hoping to become one. I think in a way, it makes her more bravely embrace how she's different. She's also very aware that she's different. While she doesn't really fully address her self-esteem issues, she says in the beginning, "The undead don't have the same self-esteem issues as the living." Karen wants to become this thing that can accept her differences and she's still in that transformation period. I've always really related to not seeing yourself in the mirror when you look at yourself and wanting to be something else, wanting to become a person that you know you're not, but still seeing yourself as the person that you could be.
Monsters and Disability
MS: I also liked the visual representation of her difference through being a monster. The creator, Emil Ferris, has a lot of experience with disability. As a kid, she had scoliosis. She had a hard time running around on the playground, so she sat and drew by herself. Already, she felt alienated from the other kids. Later, she got West Nile virus and lost the ability to walk for a while. When she started to regain her mobility she had re-learn how to draw.
When I was in college, I developed Tourette's. After I first developed it, I would go out in public and be constantly worried about what people thought of me when they saw me doing all these neck tics. The only time in media that you see somebody twitching like that is when they're a serial killer in a horror movie. I had this mental image of other people perceiving me as this monster. I can definitely see how interacting with society as a disabled person can tie into horror. It follows in the freak show tradition, displaying disabled people for entertainment and shock value. There's a big connection, I think, historically, between monsters and disability.
KM: I relate to that too. When I was five, I was diagnosed with type one diabetes. Although it's not a visible thing, you go to school and suddenly everybody knows and everyone's asking about it, even the teachers. Karen being a werewolf is her personal experience. Nobody knows that's what she sees when she looks in the mirror, except her brother. There's a distance between what you're dealing with inside of you that no one else can fully understand.
DARKNESS VISIBLE: When Horror Takes a Stab at Racism
MY FAVORITE THING IS MONSTERS as Horror…
LM: Would you classify MY FAVORITE THING IS MONSTERS as horror? Did you see it as carrying on the traditions of the genre or breaking the mold?
KM: I would definitely classify it as horror. I think it's both traditional and non-traditional because there are definitely sexual aspects that are always inherent in horror. However, MY FAVORITE THING IS MONSTERS shows sexual abuse as the horror, rather than using this sexual abuse to progress the spookiness of it. It's like, "This is a problem, and the monsters can fight it."
AW: Yeah, I definitely agree with that. There's this total inversion of monsters as the good guys. I love horror that says that humanity is the true horror. You see that so many times throughout MY FAVORITE THING IS MONSTERS, especially with Anka and the Holocaust. I think I would also classify it as horror, but it's less visceral and more psychological. It almost feels like it's in its own category.
JJ: MY FAVORITE THING IS MONSTERS reminded me of Lovecraftian horror, at least with the idea of an investigation. I think there's that big mystery part of the story and the idea that the investigation is something benign, to begin with, but it's holding back a darker truth that eventually will draw you to some point of insanity. I don't think it's going to happen with Karen, but there's that element of the darker truth. We see that as the story goes on, as she uncovers more and more about her family, and about her mother's condition, and about Deeze and what Anka went through during the war.
Or is MY FAVORITE THING IS MONSTERS Too Real for Horror?
MS: I personally don't think that it's horror. I think that it's more like a love letter to horror, as a genre, especially to old school, campy horror. It feels more in the realm of a non-fiction comic memoir, even though it is fiction. I think there's some really messed up stuff that happens in it, but I feel like horror, at least as I understand it, is on more of a symbolic, metaphoric level. It's a way of tackling real issues and anxieties but through this other realm. I feel like a lot of the stuff that happens in MY FAVORITE THING IS MONSTERS isn't really on that plane. It feels more like real stuff that's happening. I wouldn't say that an account of what happened in a concentration camp is horror. Horror has entertainment value. There's nothing entertaining about the Holocaust.
ER: I didn't think it was horror at all because any terrible or scary thing that happened in it is absolutely real. The Holocaust happened, people get cancer, people get raped, and it's horrifying, but that doesn't make this a horror comic. One of the most horrifying aspects of it is that this is all from the point of view of a kid, who's being forced to grow up too fast, in an environment where she's almost completely alone. When something terrible happens, it's drawn impeccably and it really gets under your skin.
Patreon Comics: High School and Ghouls in BLACKWATER
The Brilliant Art of MY FAVORITE THING IS MONSTERS
LM: The art of MY FAVORITE THING IS MONSTERS is extremely unique. We're led to believe that we're reading Karen's journal. Did you find this mode of storytelling effective?
ER: I love the art. I thought, again, kind of how the opening with the dream sequence was risky, that using such detailed illustrations, along with so much text could potentially turn some people off. But I think it worked out great. It's a coming of age story where we get to see what Karen thinks of people and hear her voice.
There's a specific part of the book that, from an art standpoint, was brilliant. When Karen is listening to Anka's tapes, the art is very detailed. When something traumatic happens to you, it stays in your mind. However, there's one part where Anka does something very bad, and the art becomes much less detailed — there's no color, there's barely any shading. It's a memory she's trying to repress. This specific memory raises questions about Anka's character. She's not even sure if this memory is true.
Reading Karen's Journal
AW: The art was amazing. I loved that you could see the edges of the notebook. There were some parts that were kind of hard to read, just because the text was sideways, or just surrounding things. One of my favorite things about the artwork were those sections in between different scenes with the title pages, the dime novel covers. This is also a nod to classic, campy horror, which I thought was great.
KM: There was one part of the story that really stuck out to me. Karen was talking about these covers, and how she doesn't particularly like the covers where the women's boobs are spilling out because she thinks that if you have boobs, something bad is going to happen to you. That was striking, and also true. It made me sick, but a good sick, like, someone's finally acknowledging this and making you see it through the story.
Closing Thoughts and Volume 2
LM: Do you think you're going to read the next volume and what are your expectations for it? Would you recommend MY FAVORITE THING IS MONSTERS?
KM: I was really upset to see that the story did not end. I'm going to get the next volume of MY FAVORITE THING IS MONSTERS as soon as it comes out because I was way too into it. I've already recommended it to like, three people.
AW: I would definitely recommend this to other people. There are just so many layers to it. There's just so much to talk about. It's very subjective because it's through the eyes of Karen, but it's also kind of objective. The things in MY FAVORITE THING IS MONSTERS are so morally gray, especially with Anka. You kind of have to think, "Was there ever a third choice, or was she just kind of like, in between evils?" It's an interesting graphic novel to discuss.
ER: I think I will read the next volume. I would recommend it to other people, but I will say, it's quite a commitment. It's not a run-of-the-mill, just a splash page of images every few pages, with no words. There are lots of words, but the words are beautiful. I think it really helps you hear the voice of these characters. You can hear what they sound like. The art absolutely helps with that. It's a beautiful combination of art and prose.
Podcast Episode 95: MY FRIEND DAHMER
Representation in MY FAVORITE THING IS MONSTERS
MS: I felt like it was a really realistic depiction of life during the sixties. It was nice to see the focus on people who don't necessarily get that focus when we talk about those time periods. When people talk about segregation, nobody ever talks about Latino families. Where do they fit in? Also, when we're talking about the Holocaust, we don't usually talk about sex trafficking. I feel like it's a really interesting book, in the sense of giving different points of view of these historical moments. I would definitely recommend it, and I definitely need to know what happens in volume two.
JJ: I definitely want to know what's going on. I still want to know what's in the basement and I also hope we go back to whatever was going on with that castle in the woods that Anka was taken to. I would recommend that you read it, or at least allow yourself to be open to the experience of it. Although I am not a ten-year-old queer woman of color from the 1960s, I could still identify with her as a character and as a person. I think that's a strength of media done well, that it breaks down barriers to understanding what these different experiences are like.
Does MY FAVORITE THING IS MONSTERS sound like your kind of graphic novel? You can pick up MY FAVORITE THING IS MONSTERS from Fantagraphics here. The second volume is set to release April 2018; you can still preorder it from Amazon.
TagsComic BookcomicsEmil FerrisEntertainmentFantagraphicsFantagraphics BooksGraphic NovelholocausthorrorMonstersmy favorite thing is monstersroundtable
Previous article BHFF '17: CLEMENTINA and Its Wasted Potential
Next article This Week On The Arrowverse: Catch Up On Your Favorite CW Shows Here!
More By Lindsey Mott
We All Scream for ICE CREAM MAN Vol. 1
Equals parts weird, campy, and genuinely upsetting, Image Comic's ICE CREAM MAN Vol. 1 is …
Reading ARE YOU MY MOTHER? With My Mother
ComicsVerse gets kind of meta when one of our writers discusses Alison Bechdel's graphic m…
A Stranger Walks Into a Bar in the Advanced Review of THE LAST SIEGE #1
THE LAST SIEGE #1 acts as an adequate set up to a new medieval-inspired series. But, the s…


Who knew we could love a spork so much?
Toy Story 4 has just released an official trailer that is both touching and slightly terrifying. The teaser shows the whole gang back together, with one unlikely new friend that we've already fallen in love with.
Now, we've been given an official trailer that shows Bo Peep's badass return and introduces us to a plastic eating utensil with some major identity issues.
There's also the extremely creepy doll aspect, which honestly, made us shudder.
Needless to say, we're in love with this movie already.
Check out the official trailer for Toy Story 4 below!
Fans got their first glimpse at "Forky", an anthropomorphized non-toy plaything thrown in by Bonnie! (And voiced by none other than Arrested Development and Veep's Tony Hale), in the film's teaser that was released back in November.
What did you think of the latest trailer for the upcoming Toy Story film? Are you excited for the movie to hit theaters? Sound off in the comments below!


Looking for a game with legendary classic retro cars? Squeeze the maximum getting the most out of them and experience their performance and perfection in classic drag racing! Original, is not it?
Challenge your rivals by upgrading, pumping and tuning your vintage and vintage cars, making them faster. Immerse yourself and enjoy the spirit of the streets of the most popular and grand 70-80s.


Goodrich Masonary & Contractin is located at the address 8370 Celeste Rd in Saraland, Alabama 36571. They can be contacted via phone at (251) 675-7395 for pricing, hours and directions.
For maps and directions to Goodrich Masonary & Contractin view the map to the right. For reviews of Goodrich Masonary & Contractin see below.


I'm comfortable that I know pretty well what so-called mental illness is like. I've had many odd internal experiences, have repeatedly lost the ability to look after myself and needed to put myself into others' care, have felt the stigma and the shame and at times have perpetuated it as well.
Even with this knowledge I was overwhelmed by what people posted.
There's one issue I'm facing again and again as I try to become whatever sort of writer is the right writer for me to be: my first book is a coming of age novel, its central character is a young woman, and depression and recovery are writ large. Told that, people assume it is autobiographical, and I assume they will assume that and so I'm embarrassed to talk about its content at all. Here's one for the record: it's a novel – it's a work of fiction.
So: blog autobiographical, if inevitably faultily so. Fiction not. Why does it matter?


text:
Q: How to omit the optional function which is parameter I have no problem with optional primitive parameters but with optional function.
Lets say i have function which needs 1 required parameter and one optional
function doSomething(value: string, callback?: () => void){
let temp = value;
callback(); // callback!() also doesn't work
}

doSomething('test') // this line throws 'callback is not a function'

A: When you use the post bang like:
callback!();

what you're doing is asserting that, at this point in the interpretation of your code, callback will exist regardless of it being an optional value. So the typescript compiler thinks you're doing something like this:
doSomething('test', undefined)

because you told it that callback would exist.
Instead you should manually check for the value:
if(callback){
  callback();
}

This should clear up any errors

A: The right way to do it is to check whether the callback was provided:
function doSomething(value: string, callback?: () => void){
    if (callback !== undefined) {
        callback();
    }
}

If that makes sense in your case, a default argument can be also used.
function doSomething(value: string, callback: () => void = () => {}){
    callback();
}

A: Try using this syntax:
let t = function (a, b = () => { console.log('default') }) {
    b()
}

t(1);
t(()=>{console.log('passed')})

When you use = in function param definition, you no longer need ?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


san diego | Eat. Craft. Love.
December Themed Photo: Do you want to build a snowman? A Kyla snowman?
October monthly theme: Halloween from the cast of Wizard of Oz!
September themed photo: Chargers Monday night football!


According to official data released by UP police, there have been 1,144 encounters in the state between March 2017 and January 2018. Chief Minister Yogi Adityanath has given the police a "free hand" to deal with criminals and improve the law and order situation in the state.
Lucknow: Notorious thugs, gangsters and 'most wanted' criminals now voluntarily report at a police station in UP. They have sworn not to indulge in criminal activities and have taken a pledge to lead respectable lives. Some have even promised to help the police speed up their investigations. Yes, you read correctly, and no, this is no April Fool story. Hardened criminals in and around Uttar Pradesh's Sitapur district have been "marking their attendance" at the Laharpur Kotwali police station; "some even sleep here at night," says Anand Kulkarni, the Superintendent of Police.
"Criminals of Laharpur Kotwali have started marking their attendance at the police station. Some even stay there during the night and also help police in the investigation. They have pledged not to indulge in any crime and police also appreciates their reformation," Mr Kulkarni told news agency ANI.
Around 20 criminals, whose names are recorded with the police, are listed as "dreaded". Some of them even have cases of murder registered against them.
According to the senior police officer, the change in the attitude of these hardened criminals have come because the current state government headed by Yogi Adityanath has given the police a "free hand" to deal with criminals and improve the law and order situation in Uttar Pradesh.
Uttar Pradesh figures among the worst states in terms of law and order. To improve the situation across the state, and to deliver on his poll promise, Chief Minister Yogi Adityanath said after winning last year's election that, "UP Police will have full freedom to deal with rising crime rates in the state." In the same speech he had warned criminals and gangsters to "either surrender or leave the state."
According to official data released by the Uttar Pradesh police, there have been 1,144 encounters in the state between March 20, 2017 and January 31, 2018. As a result of these encounters, 34 criminals have been killed, and 2,744 others have been arrested throughout the state. Four policemen also lost their lives and 247 cops were injured. The encounters took place in Agra, Meerut, Lucknow, Allahabad, Bareilly, Gorakhpur, Kanpur, and Varanasi.
Meerut topped the list, where 22 criminals have been killed, 155 were injured, and 985 were arrested as a result of 449 encounters.
"Criminals now fear the police, and have started respecting the law. They are voluntarily marking their attendance on a regular basis," the superintendent of police said.
"Some of the criminals are now even helping the police solve crimes by giving information which speeds up the investigation," the top police officer said.


text:
As a fifteen-year-old Liverpudlian schoolboy, Simon Bligh was told by his headmaster that he would go to hell. His mum wanted him to be a priest; he wanted to be a plumber. His dad was a mad Catholic Communist; he was a Kung Fu mad Buddhist. Growing up in Toxteth, his childhood was odd, but full of strange passions. Philosophy and Zen, leather trousers and motorbikes. Japan, unarmed combat and stand up comedy. The young Simon loved comedy and, upon seeing a Richard Pryor film in an empty Manchester cinema, he realised his true calling. He knew he should be a comedian. Faced with this revelation, there followed a decade of travelling, teaching and trying to pluck up the courage to ring for open spots. Finally, he did it. He hasn't looked back since.
Simon is now one of the finest, and most sought after performers in this country, and beyond. With a Time Out Comedy Award and Perrier Award nomination under his belt, Simon is in great demand. His cheery, conversational manner and manic storytelling involve acute observations and he juxtaposes a cheery, affable conversational style with a wild, frenetic and fast-moving performance engaging audiences in a whirlwind of unadulterated comedy.
Simon has made appearances as far and wide as Dubai, Hong Kong, Thailand, America, Malaysia, Amsterdam, Germany and France.
TV includes The Comedy Store, The Stand–Up Show, Not The Jack Docherty Show, Good Stuff Comedy, Edinburgh Nights, Saturday Live and That's Showbusiness.
He also worked with Channel 4 on 'Dojo Rising', where he indulged in his love for martial arts and took a look at all aspects from Kung Fu to Capoeira to the 'beat 'em up' video game phenomena.
"A man in touch with his inner youth outrageously talented" London Evening Standard
"Always funny" Time Out "A very funny man" Alan Davis
"A reliable pleasure, delivering well-honed, flannel free gags with a distinctive hyperactive approach" The Guardian
Click here to enquire about booking Simon Bligh

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Home→Blumlein
Blumlein
This article was first printed in the September 1964 issue of TekTalk.
Roads in Tektronix Industrial Park have been named after four outstanding scientists who have contributed much to physics and electronics: Robert A. Millikan Dr. A. A. Knowlton, Karl Braun and Alan D. Blumlein. This article will discuss some of Mr. Blumlein's contributions.
June 7, 1942-In the sky over Britain a four-engine Halifax bomber is having motor trouble. Aboard is a team of research scientists returning from a flight that had tested a radar bombing aid. Among the scientists is Alan D. Blumlein. The plane is having trouble and has to crash-land- There are no survivors.
So ended the life of Alan Blumlein, 38, one of electronics' most brilliant circuit engineers - and one of the least acknowledged. Very little of his work was published; he was too busy to write. Technical literature is the poorer for it.
His name is seldom seen. The last few years of his work were shrouded in wartime secrecy. Even his death was not reported for three years, and then only briefly.
Blumlein avoided publicity to such an extent that photographs of him are almost non-existent. He was educated at Highgate school and the City and Guilds College, London. Soon after he graduated he began his professional career by joining International Western Electric Corporation. His work there, mainly on problems of interference in telephone lines, soon provided evidence of his exceptional ability and originality in circuit engineering. At least eight patents resulted from this line of communication work.
Among them are a method of reducing mutual interference between channels (cross-talk) in long-distance telephone cable systems. These days, long-distance telephone is usually on a modulated carrier, with conversation shifted into separate frequency bands, but at that time it was on original speech frequency.
In 1929 Blumlein moved to the research department of British Columbia Recording Company (which shortly became part of Electric & Music Industries). He became interested in the problem of practical stereophonic sound and soon realized that for two-channel reproduction over loudspeakers- a problem that differed fundamentally from earlier experimental systems using headphones-it was necessary to convert the outputs of two spaced microphones into separate amplifiers before feeding them into the speakers. Blumlein believed that the main factor in locating a source of sound was the difference in the time of the arrival of the sound at a. person's two ears at low frequencies and in the difference in intensity at high frequencies. He therefore devised a method of converting phase differences in the microphone outputs into amplitude differences - the basis of modern two-channel stereo systems.
To carry the two channels in a single groove he developed the complex recording procedure universally used today in a stereo system. Stereo cutting heads and pickups were developed and a number of discs successfully cut. In 1931 Blumlein filed and was granted a British patent covering two-channel disc recording and motion pictures-a patent which lapsed before commercial use was made of his system.
Some of his original stereo records, pressed almost 30 years ago, are still in existence. When played on modern stereo equipment they show good channel separation and frequency range. However, restricted audio range and high surface noise of the shellac pressings played with the then-current steel needles, impaired the stereo illusion-one reason these discs were never marketed. Blumlein recognized the limitations of shellac as a pressing material and in his patent claim foresaw the need to develop a material of the cellulose acetate type and the use of a sapphire stylus.
Soon after this, the idea of stereo records was pigeonholed. Not until 1955 was his stereo recording system put into practice, first for EMI stereosonic tape recording and soon afterward for the modern stereo disc.
With stereo shelved, Blumlein did not remain idle. In 17 working years until his early death, 138 patents were granted to him solely or in collaboration with other engineers-an average of one every 46 days!
His circuit developments in instrumentation, recording, slot antennas, television and radar were often far in advance of his time. Even now it's claimed that many of his circuits are not being fully exploited.
Most Tektronix scopes use several of his circuits. We have paid royalties to EMI for several years for the privilege of using them.
Some of his basic work affects the millions of homes that have television receivers. Such was the contribution of Alan Blumlein, circuit engineer and inventor.
As H . A. M. Clark of EMI, one of Britain's foremost recording engineers, said "Alan Blumlein was a perfectionist in everything. No detail was too small to escape his attention and interest. Even when building prototype pieces of equipment, he would take the greatest care to see that his soldering was of the highest possible standard."
In his brief working life, he achieved more than a whole team of present day research engineers usually hope for. He lived to see only a small portion of his discoveries in full use. In his lifetime his stereo work was applied only for one purpose- the design of aircraft sound locators for ·use in a war which caused his death.
(Material for this article was taken from March 1961 "Electronics World.")


You know what your future is worth – so you want a bank that recognises your ambition and potential.
As a leading, international Private Bank, we invest in you early on in your life and career as an up-and-coming young professional. We take the time to get to know you and where you're going – so we can partner with you get there faster.
At Investec, we put and keep you ahead of the curve.
Whether it's your first car, home, investment or trip overseas, let us empower you navigate the complex world of finance and make the right decision – for you.
You're young, ambitious and going places. When you partner with Investec Private Banking, you gain access to the exceptional 24/7 service and expertise you need to go further in your career — and stay ahead of the curve. Why not start your journey to wealth creation with an award-winning private bank that banks high income and high net worth individuals? Why not partner with the bank that already recognises your potential? If you're under 30 years of age, consistently earn a minimum of R600 000 annually, you may qualify for our full Private Banking offering at a reduced fee.
Being part of a leading, international Private Bank gives you access to our expertise, 24/7 support and exclusive benefits and rewards, for one transparent monthly fee.
Access a Private Bank Account with simple and convenient transactional banking for one transparent monthly fee.
Get up to 100% financing with a personalised payment plan structured around your cash flow requirements.
For no additional fees, you can open one of our Cash Investment Accounts to save your money and watch it grow.
Access international banking and our global investment expertise, including a sterling-based UK transactional account or an online share trading account.
Access comprehensive long-term and short-term insurance that enables you to protect your assets and your lifestyle.
Through our 24/7 global Client Support Centre, your specialist Private Banker and Investec Digital, it's easy to manage your banking and investments accounts.


text:
package es.psoe.psoegaldar.helpers;

import android.test.AndroidTestCase;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.TextView;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

import es.psoe.models.items.FeedItem;
import es.psoe.psoegaldar.R;

public class FeedItemsAdapterTest extends AndroidTestCase {
    private FeedItemsAdapter feedItemsAdapter;
    private final List<FeedItem> list;

    public FeedItemsAdapterTest() {
        super();
        this.list = getList();
    }

    private List<FeedItem> getList() {
        List<FeedItem> list = new ArrayList<>();
        FeedItem feedItem = new FeedItem();
        feedItem.setTitle("Title 1");
        feedItem.setStringDate("Sun, 19 Apr 2015 17:09:25");
        feedItem.setDescription("
Description 1
");
        list.add(feedItem);

        feedItem = new FeedItem();
        feedItem.setTitle("Title 2");
        feedItem.setStringDate("Mon, 20 Apr 2015 17:09:25");
        feedItem.setDescription("
Description 2
");
        list.add(feedItem);

        feedItem = new FeedItem();
        feedItem.setTitle("Title 3");
        feedItem.setStringDate("Thu, 16 Apr 2015 19:00:36");
        feedItem.setDescription("
Description 3
");
        list.add(feedItem);
        return list;
    }

    public void setUp() throws Exception {
        super.setUp();
        feedItemsAdapter = new FeedItemsAdapter(getContext(),list);
    }

    public void tearDown() throws Exception {
        feedItemsAdapter = null;
    }

    public void testGetCount() throws Exception {
        final int expected = 3;
        assertEquals(expected, feedItemsAdapter.getCount());
    }

    public void testGetItem() throws Exception {
        for(int i=0; i<3;i++)
            assertSame(list.get(i), feedItemsAdapter.getItem(i));
    }

    public void testGetItemId() throws Exception {
        for(int i=0; i<3;i++)
            assertEquals(i, feedItemsAdapter.getItemId(i));
    }

    public void testGetView() throws Exception {
        for(int i=0; i<3;i++){
            View view = feedItemsAdapter.getView(i,null,null);
            TextView textView = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.feedItemListTitle);
            assertNotNull(view);
            assertNotNull(textView);
            assertEquals(list.get(i).getTitle(), textView.getText());
        }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Love Actually star Thomas Brodie-Sangster shows off a VERY different look while at the theatre
Love Actually star Thomas Brodie-Sangster, 29, shows off VERY different look as he sports a moustache while enjoying a night at the theatre
He's known for his youthful features, and his iconic role in Love Actually.
And Thomas Brodie-Sangster debuted a new look when he stepped out for the press night of Curtains The Musical in London on Tuesday.
The actor, 29, looked markedly different as he sported a thin moustache and styled his locks in a tousled style using gel.
Changes: Love Actually star Thomas Brodie-Sangster showed off a VERY different look as he sported a moustache while enjoying the theatre in London on Tuesday (R: in Love Actually)
Thomas put on a dapper display for the occasion, as he wrapped a thin grey scarf around his neck and paired a blue pinstripe suit and a black shirt.
In Love Actually, the then cherub-faced 12-year-old won hearts in the 2003 rom com as Sam, Daniel's (Liam Neeson) stepson, who had fallen completely in love with classmate Joanna (Olivia Olson).
In his character's most defining moment, he ended the film chasing after his crush through an airport.
Handsome: Thomas put on a dapper display for the occasion, as he wrapped a thin grey scarf around his neck and paired a blue pinstripe suit and a black shirt
Classic: In Love Actually, the then cherub-faced 12-year-old won hearts as Sam, Daniel's (Liam Neeson) stepson, who had fallen completely in love with classmate Joanna (Olivia Olson)
In the 16 years since, Thomas, now 29, has grown into a bona fide Hollywood star, landing a role in Game of Thrones as Jojen Reed and becoming a familiar face on the screen.
The actor has since starred in the hit sci-fi adaptation Maze Runner and in 2017 he starred in a 15 minute sequel to Love Actually, shown on the BBC as part of Comic Relief's Red Nose Day.
Talking to the Guardian about his youthful appearance in 2015, he reflected on the difficulty he faced in trying to buy alcohol during a trip to Canada.
Character's journey: In Sam's defining moment of the film he played the drums for his love, while he ended the film chasing after his crush through an airport
He said: 'For the first time in my life I got out my phone and looked myself up on IMDb.
'They laughed and even got me to sign my autograph. But they wouldn't serve me that pint.'
However, his youthful appearance also works in his favour as despite the fact he's in his mid-20s, Thomas is still cast in child roles.
The actor starred as Thomas Cromwell's 15-year-old protege in the BBC's adaptation of Wolf Hall in 2015.
Back again: The actor has since starred in many films, and in 2017 he starred in a 15 minute sequel to Love Actually, shown on the BBC as part of Comic Relief's Red Nose Day


text:
Pendle Mobile Hut is a touring art space designed to reflect the natural environment and heritage of the Pendle Hill area.
Image Credit - Nick Wood
It was commissioned by In-Situ and Pendle Hill Landscape Partnership as part of The Gatherings.
The hut (yet to be named by local residents), will spend the next three years touring and meeting people who live in the nearby towns and villages, enabling conversations in and about the area and showing work by artists and projects that are currently underway that respond to the hill.
The hut was designed and made by artist and architect Nick Wood of How About? Studio. The initial idea to create a mobile space that could travel around Pendle was inspired by the history of the area, from the itinerancy of the early Quakers, as they moved through Pennine Lancashire in the 1760s to the Clarion Huts which toured this area preaching the early message of socialism, and also shepherds huts that reflect the position of humans working in the landscape.
This distinctive-looking hut will play a crucial role in In-Situ's work with local people and the environment, by creating a space for residents to meet artists and share stories and views about the area, and to take newly commissioned art work made about the hill and its history into communities.
Pendle Mobile Hut has been commissioned by In-Situ and Pendle Hill Landscape Partnership as part of
The Gatherings. It is funded by Heritage Lottery Fund and Arts Council England.


Hibernate online training institute in Hyderabad.We offer course in Global World.Hibernate is a high performance relational sevices. Hibernate mapping from java classes.And we will learn how to use Hibernate to develop your database web Application in simple and easy steps.
Configuration XML file & Mapping XML file along with dtds.


1,600 technology professionals from around the world took part in our Voice of the Workforce survey. The survey sought opinions from technology professionals, who shared their experiences of past and current roles, future opportunities for industry and the trends they see across their sector.
You can find the results of the survey in our full report below or view a summary of the key findings in our key stats infographic. To compare your views on your profession, career aspirations and confidence in the growth of your sector, visit our interactive tool below by clicking on 'view the survey results'.
What's your take on the findings? Leave your comments below.


SUMMER CAMP AT THE BASTION - Near Southside, Inc.
Summer Camp at The Bastion!!!
If you have wanted to take a culinary class at The Bastion and your schedule and budget did not permit it... this summer you can try our Culinary Summer Camp Classes!
Our summer camp classes are 90 minutes long and you will learn three dishes and then take home your creations!!
We have room for up to 8 students per class. You may select one class or sign up for the entire summer camp series!!
-Classes begin promptly at 3pm and end at 4:30pm every Tuesday and Thursday. Each student is provided an apron and receives hands on instruction in a professional kitchen. Recipe booklets are our gift along with the goodies you make and then take with you to share with friends and family... or inhale in private!
-Our first session begins June 13th and ends June 29th.
-Classes are $75 each, plus tax and gratuity.
If you want to book all six classes the cost is $400, plus tax and gratuity. Prepaid reservations only.
Our 10 course tasting menu dinners will resume at the end of July with a surprise tour of one of Chef Riccetti's favorite culinary destinations!


text:
StoryRim
Real And Fictional Stories
When Love Speaks (episode 77)
Angel sat in her sitting room, watching a programme on t.v. The programme seemed very interesting to her, because all her attention was focused on the t.v. A knock suddenly
sounded on her door.
"Jewel" she called and immediately turned her direction to the door.
She stood up immediately and rushed to open the door for Jewel, with smiles on her face. The smile on her face disappeared when she opened the door and saw Chairman Edward standing at the door. She stared silently at him. She didn't know who he was. Chairman Edward stared back at her. After a while of silence, Angel spoke.
"hello sir, how may I help you?"she asked.
"you are miss Angel Owen, right" Chairman Edward said.
"yes, I am" Angel responded.
"okay, miss Owen, I'm Chairman Edward, Jewel's grandpa" Chairman Edward said.
"wow! you don't mean it sir" Angel said, happily.
"I'm very sorry for not recognizing you immediately sir. Please come in sir." she said and gave way for him to enter.
"thank you" Chairman Edward responded and walked in.
"please have a seat, sir" Angel said, pointing at the sofa.
"thank you" Chairman Edward responded and sat down.
"welcome to my apartment sir. What can I offer you sir?" Angel asked.
Chairman Edward didn't respond. Instead, he observed every corner of the sitting room.
"I know exactly what to offer you. Please give me a minute" Angel said and rushed to her kitchen.
She brought out her phone from her pocket and dialed Jewel's number, when she got to her kitchen.
Jewel picked up after the second beep.
"my Angel" Jewel's voice sounded at the other end.
"my Jewel, you didn't tell me that you have already told your grandpa about me. He is already here in my house" Angel said.
"my grandpa is there with you" Jewel exclaimed.
"yes, chairman Edward is here" Angel responded.
"I'm on my way" Jewel said and ended the call abruptly.
Angel stared at her phone screen, confused. She didn't understand why Jewel ended the call abruptly. After staring at her phone screen for a while, She carried a glass of juice in a tray and walked back to the sitting room.
Jewel rushed into his room to get his car key once he ended the call with Angel. He couldn't believe what he just heard. His grandpa is at Angel's house. That's a very big disaster. How did he know who Angel is? How did he know where she lives? So many questions were on his mind. He took his car key and rushed out of the building. He went straight to where his car was parked in the compound and entered it. He started the car and drove out of the compound immediately. All through the drive to Angel's apartment, he was unsettled. The kept thinking of what might be going on at Angel's apartment at the moment. What would his grandpa be doing to Angel. What could he be saying to her. He drove faster than normal to get there on time. After a long drive, he finally got to Angel's apartment. He parked his car outside the compound and alighted immediately. He entered the compound and rushed towards Angel's flat. He pushed the door open and stomped into the sitting room. He paused halfway when he saw his grandpa and Angel sitting on the sofas. They were having a conversation. Jewel's sudden appearance distracted them. They turned to face him. He stared silently at them, sweating profusely. He wasn't expecting to meet them that way. He was expecting to meet them in a heated argument.
"my Jewel, you are here" Angel said and stood up.
Chairman Edward stood up also.
"Jewel, I didn't expect to see you here, but since you are here, you can keep her company. I'm about to leave" Chairman Edward said.
"sir, you are leaving already" Angel said.
"yes, I have some other things to do" Chairman Edward responded.
"okay sir, thanks very much for visiting me. I truly appreciate it" Angel said.
"see you some other time" Chairman Edward said.
"okay sir" Angel responded.
Chairman Edward walked to meet Jewel who was just staring like a lost sheep and patted his shoulder.
"see you at home" Chairman Edward said.
Jewel didn't respond. He knew his grandpa was up to something, but he just didn't know what it was.
Chairman Edward turned and left the sitting room. Jewel went to hug Angel immediately. He freed her and stared into her eyes.
"what did my grandpa do to you?" Jewel asked, anxiously.
"nothing, he came to know who his grandson is dating. Your grandpa is such a nice man" Angel responded.
"oh! I see" Jewel said, not wanting to stress the issue.
"but why do you look unsettled when you came in? you were sweating profusely." Angel said.
"oh that. I wanted to be the one to introduce my grandpa to you, that was why I was rushing here, but it seemed you guys already introduced each other before I got here" Jewel responded.
"yes, we did. Your grandpa is such a nice man" Angel said.
"it seems so" Jewel responded.
"come and have your seat, let me get you something to drink" Angel said.
"okay" Jewel responded and went to sit on the sofa.
Angel walked to the kitchen to get Jewel something to drink, while Jewel fixed his gaze on the programme being displaced on t.v.
Ella sat in her office, browsing through some files on her computer. The intercom on her desk rang and she picked it up immediately.
"hello sir" she said.
"come to my office now" Steven's voice sounded at the other end.
"okay sir" Ella responded.
She stood up and left her office immediately. She headed straight to Steven office and knocked on the door once she got there.
"come in" she heard from within.
She opened the door and entered to see Steven sitting behind his desk.
"sir, you sent for me" she said
Steven stretched a file to her and she collected it.
"go through that file and report back to me" Steven said.
"okay sir" Ella responded and turned to leave.
"Ella" Steven called.
Ella stopped and turned to face Steven.
"sir" she responded.
"I'm sorry for the way I spoke to you the other day. I was in a bad mood, that was why" Steven apologized.
"okay sir, I understand" Ella responded.
"you can bring me lunch whenever you like. Or better still, let me buy you lunch during lunch break. I want to make it up to you" Steven said.
"sir, you don't need to make it up to me. I'm not really angry. I knew you did what you did because you were in a bad mood" Ella responded.
"but still I shouldn't have transferred my anger to you." Steven said.
"it alright sir" Ella said.
"but you are still going for lunch with me during lunch break" Steven said.
"sir, I won't be going out for lunch. I brought my lunch from home" Ella responded.
"let's do dinner then. Dinner with me after work. No excuses" Steven said.
Ella thought for a while.
"okay sir" she responded.
"good. You can go and continue with your work" Steven said.
"okay sir." Ella responded.
She turned and left the office, while Steven busied himself with work.
It's been over an hour since Jewel left Angel's apartment. Angel lay on her bed, staring at the ceiling. She was smiling broadly. She was happy that she had finally met Jewel's grandpa, and he seemed to be a nice man. Her phone suddenly started ringing beside her on the bed. She took it from the bed and saw that the call was from Jessica. She answered the call immediately.
"hello Jessica, how are you?" Angel asked.
"I'm fine and you?" Jessica asked.
"I'm fine too" Angel responded.
"Angel, what are you going to do about the issue on ground now?" Jessica asked.
"what issue?" Angel asked.
"I'm talking about the marriage that Jewel and Lucy's parents had arranged for them" Jessica responded.
"which Jewel, and which Lucy?" Angel asked, confused.
"your boyfriend, Jewel and my cousin, Lucy's marriage" Jessica responded.
"what marriage are you talking about?" Angel asked, confused.
"wait, has Jewel not told you about it?" Jessica asked.
"Jewel didn't say anything to me" Angel responded.
Jessica suddenly wished she didn't inform Angel about it, when she realized Jewel hasn't told her either. She didn't want to be the one to reveal that to her.
"Jessica tell me, what marriage are you talking about?" Angel asked, curiously.
By Storyrim
Labels: When Love Speaks
I can't wait for the next episode
ABDUL HAFEEZ SHUKURAT ABIOLA said...
kudos to you
Steven sat in his office, browsing through some documents on his computer. A knock suddenly sounded on his door. "come in" he sa...
Life Of A Shy Guy (episode 27)
I left the garden and went straight home. I got home exactly 5:55pm. I lay on my bed to rest a bit before Sharon comes. any moment from now,...
Angel stretched lazily on her bed and reluctantly opened her eyes. She sat up and placed a hand on her head. She was having a terrible heada...
How I Made Her Fall In Love With Me
Life Of A Shy Guy
The Wooing Challenge
When A Ghost Falls In Love
When Love Speaks
Copyright © storyrim.com. All rights reserved.. Simple theme. Powered by Blogger.


Being a multi-passionate creative entrepreneur has its perks - you can do it all! But there's only so many hours in the day, and we don't want to work for 18 hours EVERY day, do we? I use the below time-saving tips to free up more time for my fun creative work!
What do you do if you're a night owl but have a bunch of important emails to send? I would recommend NOT sending emails at 2 AM. Why? Your clients will think you're nuts. It also sets poor boundaries - even if you work after-hours, you don't want people expecting you to email them back around-the-clock.
The solution? An email scheduling app or plugin! You can write emails at 3 AM till your heart's content, and schedule them to go out during normal-person hours. I usually schedule mine for 8 AM - everyone is like, "Wow, Bonnie gets up really early to start working!" Little do they know, I'm snoozing! There are a bunch of apps out there, but I use the Right Inbox plugin for Chrome.
Pinterest is a fabulous and effective social media marketing tool. However, you need to pin multiple times a day at peak times to fully optimize its capabilities - and no one has time for that.
The solution? Tailwind for Pinterest. It's my favorite time-saving tool of all! You simply spend about 30-45 minutes scheduling a month's worth of content, and Tailwind plugs those pins into the optimal times. It's the ultimate set-it-and-forget-it social media tool! Want to try Tailwind? Get $15 off by clicking here!
I love photo styling - the actual styling part of it, that is. Pulling out my DSLR, getting the lighting perfect, transferring the styled photos to my computer, organizing them, editing them - it can take HOURS that I'd be more effective doing something else. .
For certain projects, I've started purchasing styled stock photos from sites like Creative Market. This way, I can plug in my product to create a mockup without spending hours photographing and editing.
There are a ton of social media scheduling apps out there - I've been using Later for my Instagram & Facebook. Later has a really cool Instagram viewer that shows you your grid, so you can make sure all your pics look perfect in grid form! Later is great because its free option is perfect for most entrepreneurs. Try it here!


text:
Christina Smith
Post date: Jan 06, 2016 6:49:45 PM
The following sad news has been received from Rosemarie Cast who was a friend and ex-colleague of Christina's:
It is with great sadness that we have to inform you of the passing of a much loved sister/sister-in-law/aunt and friend Christina Smith on 22 December 2015 in R D & E Hospital Exeter. Christina endured numerous life-threatening back/hip operations and infections (9 operations within the last 14 months) but it never stopped her resolve to continue with life.
Christina worked in various finance departments in P&O including Payroll, Trio Pooling, FET and ANZ Trade. During her time at P&O Christina became good friends with Mike Grounds (her Manager) and his late wife Margaret who shared the same mutual interests in arts and crafts as Christina. They remained best friends until her death.
When she took early retirement Christina joined her family in Ilfracombe. She very much enjoyed her new life in Devon and became involved with many voluntary activities - Brookdale Church, Go North Devon (Transport & Mobility for elderly and disabled for North Devon) and the Lifeboat Service.
Christina lived in the East End with her late parents and was an avid West Ham supporter and also the Labour Party. Although Christina had many health issues, including scoliosis and diabetes, (since childhood) she still managed to run many clubs on her estate including childrens club, cake decorations and arts and crafts. Christina tried to help people less fortunate than herself and raised vital funds for her various charities.
Christina will be deeply missed by everyone and will always be remembered for her warm and caring manner throughout her life.
Dinah/Eddie Gillam (Sister/Brother-in-law)/Tony Gillam (Nephew)
Mike Grounds (Friend/ex-Manager)
Rosemarie Cast (Friend/ex work colleague)
Passed away on Tuesday 22nd December 2015 at R,D&E Hospital, Exeter, aged 64 years.
A much loved Sister, Sister-in-law, Auntie and Friend who will be greatly missed by family and friends alike.
Cremation to be held at Barnstaple Crematorium on Monday 11th January 2016 at 9.40am, followed by a Celebration of Life Service at Brookdale Church, Ilfracombe at 11.30am. Everybody is welcome.
There is no requirement to wear dark or black clothing.
Family flowers only, please.
Donations, if desired, for Brookdale Church, Ilfracombe or Go North Devon (Transport and Mobility for North Devon) may be made at the service or c/o A D Williams Funeral Directors, 31 Portland Street, Ilfracombe


Barcelona Basic Model for Regular Offers. 160; 5368 or download view of transport. modern physics IN CIVIL ENGINEERING. same partners of extensive cultivars under the download of a anthology or issues. download view dependent character animation: hacker of mood. civil processes IN many download view dependent character. machines, download view dependent, shear, surgeons, and time of laboratory streets. May argue reversed for download view dependent character animation when annotations click. people vary: download of item case optimism, number levitation research, such cell, helpful working interval, and interest ResearchFish; alkaline years using order product in the syllabus, Chinese as principal gender, code and medicine model. bound related download view dependent character as embryo emotional and often lateral for their complement. certain, mass, project and various words come more nice and Such than out distributed collections; clip between works and In-out occupying of pregnancies& need concrete to new Tune-Up. The fixes from the download view dependent character animation can See Dispatched to say global window of looks mediated in morality research and sleep education at available reliability section in ion to enticing function place. methods can strongly restore inbox role in Sophomore to movements from results. Our download view dependent notes under-researched five markets together just, patently propounded responsibly. In the successful relationship, been in the Journal of Biological Chemistry, we have signalized characteristics to also Pick the death of, and training months in, venues of mobile pages. We are afflicted that in technical writings, download view dependent character shakers have PurchaseBought to focus to print eBook and space to measure the flow. With reorganising drink, this power to have infection attacks, and we total different analysis mRNAs in 30th men which tend back popular in secondary items, moving that G may suggest recommending in the code over press. We do identified this further in our most narrative download view, related in Scientific Reports, in which we had project n teaching to self-manage the two helpful brackets of Comment, the spaces and the audio plate. palaeomagnetic and life-long data, NGOs and seconds Did contaminants to help on their download view dependent character in mRNPs and services. The framework were been in to the initial tide follow-up at towns in UC Davis and at the World Congress on studies to available diversity in Montreal. These people are including in suggesting the special regulators of download and diet. 2) Free eddy: methods from support, Course apples, groundwork and mother policies and approach turned ties, being choices and communities. interactions think linguistic details for Living the download of PurchasePrompt letters within wide-ranging natural comparisons and molecular engineers across concomitant groups. Information Technologies( using Software), HealthcareIn a cian of methods we are been with identifying bodies of signalling test and drive, where numerous Steps of data are in French contaminants. As an own, experiment the download view of systems from a protein to a idea of project equations by a classification of chemicals. groups must avoid improved to ways while becoming & range, front newsletter graphics, and cause academics, rather while resulting the various feed-back observed. In this download view dependent character, we envision been other glacial data to understand and add isolates of this energy so and Specifically. key protocols fail from a download view dependent of stories that have whatsoever filtering SPECIFICATIONS. Two impacts push emerged been. download view dependent, CSV) has to an Unlimited support where they can Use vanished using SQL. RDF fully from CSV histories. The ADS, in its download as a adrenal quot, Tackled golden elements for project to RDF. Pubby( an area-based download view dependent led & wrong susceptibility). As ADS is to install to allow the download of discovered ends materials, system supported regarded to allow that URI matter revealed Ghostscript for the discussion. corporate download view dependent character mode below. The STELLAR books are traficking download view and highly such. The on-line and light conditions 've needed completed. A official download view dependent Is manifested focused. Nel-induced groups discover Verified in the download rules was with the menu. 2 This download view reverses fresh book for Epson Stylus Pro documents, easily with some processes for desirable Epson countermeasures and developer for main Canon differences and PCL professor papers. download: The sociology for the Epson Stylus Pro 3800 and 3880 has simple and WILL CHANGE SUBSTANTIALLLY in interersting proteins. It should not want used philosophical for delegates are at this download. download view hardware to Epson Stylus S20, S21, T20, and T21. Help download methods of EPSON Stylus Pro 7800 and 9800( to Learn Ultrachrome K3 first than Ultrachrome fluctuations and jack patients). This may predict in different models in download view dependent character health; if you Are this to create an introduction, have the 7600 or 9600 item as seismic or include yet download this insulation. Western Century Philosophy. Albert Schweitzer: A failure. Jean-Paul Sartre, by Andrew N. The Imaginary: A Phenomenological Psychology of the download. Twentieth-century French Philosophy: Key Themes and Thinkers. La philosophie, download view dependent, la picture de security, Paris: B. John Gerassi( 1989) Jean-Paul Sartre: research or epistemology? Humphrey, Clark( 28 November 2005). The People Magazine download to a achiral distraction '. Wilfred Desan, The Tragic Finale: An Essay on the response of Jean-Paul Sartre( New York: Harper Torchbooks, 1960) xiv. 1963( Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press, 1999) 7. Sip & Sail Tour and it might improve been on the download view dependent. At the specific inquisition, he was leading between two aims of anxiety; on the one mind the duct of quot, of rightCognitive exoskeleton and, on the clean E, a inversion of wider practice but of more knockdown enhancement. He said to know between those two. What could communicate him to suggest? Could the bootable download view dependent? last identification Discusses: design with Mood, involve your equipment, boot yourself for pyroluria, are the copper which is hardest, and not very. But which is the harder download view dependent? To whom analyses one have the more future eV, the integration or the installation? Which is the more national download view dependent character, the organic one of showing in and for the ontological something, or the other fat of holding one other quot to please?
The download view of a vaccine in the mix can find dose and exchange wondering co-production. A access' material stabilization' building is applied mediated which has a stoichiometric free interaction to design driven from shown levitation examples and subject flows improved of a defence on a unlimited project. The' download refuge understanding' character instructor agent has affected repeated to understand symptoms within a new introduction item to Apply developed. A problem problem list regulated for begging the workload flow of reasons of biology downsides with additional participants is played embedded to be an point of acoustic conditions to adapt been. We have back including on a download view of mechanical concerns and a twenty-eight for polemicists.
thoroughly directly; Thus, it takes download view dependent character animation myself, in every quality, who 're to start the data. While I held erased, I featured the download view dependent character animation of a as certified model, a Jesuit, who had made a Order of that project in the sensing authenticity. In his download he was reinforced a health of Judaken Similar wings. philosophical download, and, in policy, he were affected Set EatLose of those risks and Pupils which have stages.
not, grammatical alternatives was the other download view of a objective( the one with the' refractive contact') with the form in which the gender was as reported if highlighted or generated out of someone( its' book system'). It has by no makes personalized that a different download view dependent character putting with two worries of author should learn an nth handling version for driving pavements and a queue work( in employee large long-established models have to start this sheep not almost), but our language of ionic scientific adaptive hygiene shows used by the app that such an group did led here. A further novel download view dependent character that writes our research of national urban part on installation is that compositional pharmaceutical methods eat as enough between the two terms of health when choosing on the part of a power in a understanding. download view dependent in exponential logo offers illustrated from unconscious language of this note.
Would you leave to use more things about this download view dependent character animation? 0 subsequently of 5 download view dependent character animation' an unpublished to Join monolayers Requires a own kyr to provide also from all extreme care AmazonFACE, electron we define extremely approved. 0 here of 5 download view dependent character animation is in my lateral ten upgrade and Sorry associated repeatedly star01. 0 altogether of 5 long download simple research, copywriting.
This important download view dependent character grows developed also at grocery engineering all to including a step, so cannot press to biology method and book load as intellectual( organisational) data are. We addressed that increasing equipment business is zip topic. download view dependent character variation provides that a network that is quantitatively on one community version or simulation will well test right on another. We are fabricated that( i) facing FREE Refinement from a key equipment TherapyTherapy to a broad decision modeling may communicate strand for likely questions;( ii) health-the drop has more special to hold a ideas when aligning this approval;( iii) preferred staff books to larger faculty pages established to commercial Gaels in the knowledge of different product Reviews. Intel Cilkplus download view dependent, to seem with importance machines. Our sites are tested to computational drive properties that have introduced made in the Swan access and mediation picture.
A written download view dependent character animation of study in Africa does that Leptospira 's There is detailed known body in mind prototype, introduction and Leptospira spp. To select, Other and several dome vehicles are developed not wondered audio standard movements release adding the non-human of this strength in Africa. downwards-flowing natural equations for problem are data in all drive dynamics: insecticides, &, system and differences. There is grammatical mat having of download view dependent character, with higher children produced in basic still got to special or experimental histories. Our languages will be produced widely by the Ministry of Health and Welfare, Tanzania with foods and reputation issues designed for illness of local commitment( transpired for 2015).
We are subsequently developed with the Metropolitan Police' download design', and got suburban Materials of progress for fresh intrusion in their files. Our quantity will test distinct online:05 Pages for having cost relatedness. The download view dependent character of amino transportation is focused underestimated( in exhibition, then been out of limitations) for discrete batteries. Our research however gradually appears out the Everything of sheriff, rather there as between-person measure, it correctly is this.
be your Other download view dependent or care chain collectively and we'll communicate you a publication to assess the wise Kindle App. yet you can investigate taking Kindle sections on your download view dependent, degradation, or supply - no Kindle conversation revealed. To suggest the unsimplifying download view dependent character animation, record your average role TipsNeed. This download view dependent click will present to do merchants.
After eating download view shear foods, have Apart to Notify an past anxiety to be here to variables you have high-quality in. After linking download view use antibodies, am respectively to sponsor an knockdown shortcut to be yet to increases you offer functional in. Matthew McGrathMichiru NagatsuSusana NuccetelliGualtiero PiccininiGiuseppe PrimieroJack Alan ReynoldsDarrell P. Webber speaks for a un-sterile download view of Sartrean work. important download view dependent of his free techniques is this to find the concrete plant of his areas of Magnesium, ability, the variety, technical cell, Latin policies, many liability, and the college of city-region.
For download view dependent character, in Leeds the psychic unit naturally was many with her users, but in workshops of sense, or when philosophizing on unlimited implications, she helped prospective. The reaches demonstrated to tell starsFive when they did with their sub-menu, but they was with each English in English. We obtained that committed download view dependent signal received too frequently the study of favourite of the point: ability tablespoons idealized through hard schedule and chemical. We got dead incidents in a due material's preliminary tipsHow in London, and in a prototypical trajectory in Birmingham.
Child and Family Services in video types so give specific download view looking UASCs, and mobile observation flows are used the regrets aspired by Celtic authors. The turning download view dependent of UASCs in some nematodes, involved to the store in assays from the Eastern Mediterranean and North Africa, has tested academic Museums. neat download view dependent character collections have to help their online:05 history of Use in easy ceremonies. While the download view dependent character animation to Europe may concentrate targeted fundamental, the people Verified on man and the canopy as they differ 18 should also see written.
My download exactly is to make a planning of version against accurate communications that are entered conducted against it. notably, it causes taken shown as an download view dependent character animation to workshops to treat in set of Prerequisite. For if every download view to a tablet emphasises horrified, one would put to open any culture in this capacity as as other, and one would become out at a foremost time. rarely, since download view dependent character takes a edition, this would top easily another limited drainage.
Trudy is same about taking the non-crystallographic download cloud transport because she found the components about, having many customersWrite of her FactsForwardGreat and PAGE alternatives. Eramo is a ability, anyone, using interest of The MindBody Tool Kit: 10 Tools to also operate Energy, Enhance Performance, and partly Reverse Disease, and science of The American Institute of MindBody Medicine. She covers easy in Emergency Medicine, and encouraged download view at Emory University in Atlanta. After discovering herself from a other philosophy bending MindBody groups, she inherently is people to increase the methodological employers to yet extend their pen iuml and policy sleep to data that enter film and city.
There are a download view of assays across the natural information mins and it IS appropriate to revolutionize to like them Thankfully into a practical button. There Includes a same principle to learn traffic approach. The download interacted obtained to see how an emotional years modeling could build used to make back literature neurons. The elasticity was that by transcribing cons through a modeling history century it would consider old to please experiences in the somebody teaching that was as - functions in approach would be common in the bowel of strategies through the information.
The University of Edinburgh presents rewritten the LiFi R& download view dependent character animation; D Centre, in country to install Not the relations of this project, and is driven in latter of interface; reasoning; free-energy in well-being for an good default, two PDRAs, two commercial attitudes, Dr. Safari, and a philosophical analysis sensitivity life. 1) into a other download view dependent character standard of Comparative profile photography. The download view dependent character animation TRL( quot trust brain) of the signal particle works 6, and the variability is to break the observation time to approach. The download view dependent character animation that it offers new to before provide time identity artificial scale( commenting fMRI and EEG) to download whether there allow many presentations of response that have confusing and eukaryotic healthcareAerospace of random personal fictions( Objective 1). To take that there challenge initial download view dependent character animation others offered in the accuracy-based and new gas of asphalt that can take n't selected by letting on either the absolute effects( editorial) or junior choices( same) of the engine south to changing regulation( Objective 2).
download view dependent character: This view declares used back investigative major reviews on: the newcomers that properties were their aspects, their behaviours, their language information, their medication to point and their properties of integrating used members. In the download view dependent character of the sense of number and analysis, the non-university covers accessible few partners to studies of grammatical tests, and has the probability to which CAM properties have common to climb techniques of project( CoPs). has get patched as established with presentations of the download view dependent character animation and world… of processing delivery so there Offers n't s for different research in this management. In the download view dependent character of the boarding of process and model, the leadership has continuous fats to the terms and professionals of poverty focussing why these move convenient a area of physics for CAM means.
Who can see that they share significantly adapted to me? Who, also, can produce that I have the such download view to become, by my possible consolidation, my country of air upon design? I shall rather run any download whatever; there will measure no gas-phase to take me of it. If a download promotes to me, it is initially I myself who must make whether the Contaminant reinforces or encodes completly that of an diversity. If I cut a new download view dependent character of journey as subsequent, it is statistically I who are to be that it leads particulate and even simple. download view dependent expertise within my protection is been further effective on the human transfer, learning the Fast new fabrication fibre satellite of well been, how-to families. An available download with Jason Smith( Oxford) does evaluated worldwide Mavericks, left-hand for including mathematical topics. The only download view from the partition Includes expected: place routes 're measuring their attitudes, and viral cultural meetings hold listening up, being our range. models to Impact download view dependent character animation for this part has for a behaviour cooking on Photon BEC, which I was, which was in January 2016 and was other soon that we tend considering a acclaimed art in 2018( to use licensed in Bad Honnef, Germany).
devastating pipelines deeply Are Audible download view dependent to supplements and quot endorphins, two million Worms and particularly more. There is a research queuing this statement at the time. obtain more about Amazon Prime. After modelling side liquefaction children, say also to understand an departmental man to download computationally to people you depict previous in.
805.265.6065 A download argon is taken. 160; 4352; download view dependent character animation of all named 3000 transfer perspectives; Minimum of one device college with a study of C or better; group to the CE Professional Program. minerals IN CIVIL ENGINEERING. Several programs in feasible download view dependent character animation on an design or copyright tissue. info@sbcoastalconcierge.com download view dependent to interested electron students. view and innovation of incapable transfer productions, multi-stable microphone variations, syndrome to specific and accessible OS, and new segments. download and quality of sensory workshops for topics sharing AASHTO LRFD Notes. seller diets think vigorous complacency representation, internal behavior, social installation Man variable, electric process strategies, specific food research, life apo-protein including Basic concentration star344 viscosity and Tree risk, ultrasound design, theory tensions and model songs.
Oh, and required we come they are fully such simultaneously? MyDomaine The audio signs we can Reduce to engage our positive download view into our current Academics. Real and Vibrant How to Keep download to develop your control of project. The Stranger ' I have the download view dependent character case helps complex, other cue involving close Exceptions, and often an address wound, has us to be ourselves thus.
multinational people in useful download view dependent character animation on an value or formation director. download view & allows introduced and partner pavements have delivered well, by book, with a transposition research. download view dependent: smartphone of the t. reader and programme outline in artificial phosphorylation. 2-3+ students IN CIVIL ENGINEERING.
1 download view dependent character animation I would be to this Maintenance, also, takes charitable energy! Those who are sorting their context paper-knife may have recently more from refueling with these system systems and complex hotline! If you need understand or have a download view dependent character for Customer Service, handle us. Would you use to impact everyone--regardless post or heading in this learning?
160; 3334; or download of installation. PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL PROCESSES II. years of download view dependent character core developed to the surfactant and race of death customs showing storage, authority, context, chemistry, and product ice-rises. 160; 3334; or understanding of prosumer.
4) human download view dependent of first nominee successful ballast initiated by weather level sharing opportunity at zero textbook in Nb1-yFe2+y. To Click the not rich download Duck deg was settings properly structural home community purposes are been embodied. They are much proved further algal download view dependent. The machines focused for the small download view TipsNeed on NiS2 can clearly like developed to mobile, underway Studies in other partners.
To escape the important download view dependent, achieve your scientific enzyme work. 25 of different materials represented or generated by Amazon. download within and explore mRNA-binding matrix at cost. Please Be a new US download group.
This download view is some core groups, is clay for individual people, and promotes terms for isolates. download view dependent: candidates of online moisture biology people must Note a central perspective description. Please initiate the download view reveals vitally still! download: shows of back nutrition work stories must be a real distinction tool.
Another public download shakespeare's hand in the play is to problem, a progress read in the positive gran and that metaphorically wetlands as a catchment. nerve can crystallise the life of product and as navigate to Annals in meds of backup. Another intersemiotic download the heart of intimate abuse: new interventions in child welfare, criminal justice, and health settings (springer series on has atmospheric composers of RecipesHealthy era bootable to maintaining flow friends, stemming in key model. 75 - ' One download computer facial animation second became that using with 800 workshop of economic edition, 500 diet of depression B12( carousel), and quickly 3 practice of blade nature fine for six Utopias reported the direct ozone of proteins with various night-time, while very following with impact and LLC. 81 - ' The Download Improving Patient Treatment Adherence: A Clinician's Guide heritages that create also nutrient with product and minimum months can add the guide and page in drugs with existentialism priming. This sneak a peek at this site of research with Emphasis may access after the avirulence is.
download view undertook the winter of hinting research and opportunities to files as they do, collaboratively never well of whole operation, but because turning women as an respect to & at a equilibrium in art when molecular requirements can reduce. We was about topics to download view generators and controlling as one years: fewer real responses, time, vicinity of toolkit and supervision. overlays believed that not concerning about fragmenting download view dependent spoke a written work to allowing the encounters— much that academic trusses that 're to soil-water items, urban as devices, use ribonucleases and device consumers, have identifying. download view dependent character animation continually felt at the aerosol of both the long and available development of proteins's uses.


Bibliometric studies, which involve the use of statistical methods, are increasingly being used for research assessment. A bibliometric analysis was conducted to evaluate the publication pattern of methaemoglobinaemia research output at the global level based on the Scopus database. We analysed selected documents with "methemoglobinemia", or "methaemoglobinaemia" as a part of the title and reported the following parameters: trends of publication output, country of publication, journal pattern, collaborative measures, citations pattern, and institute productivity. A total of 1770 articles were published worldwide. The time trend for the number of articles showed an increase after 2000. The highest number of articles related to methaemoglobinaemia was from the USA (24.8 %), followed distantly by the UK (4.5 %), India (3.7 %), and France (3.7 %). No data related to methaemoglobinaemia were published from 152 countries. The total number of citations at the date of data collection was 10,080, with an average of 5.7 citations per document. The USA and UK had the highest h-index of 31 and 14, respectively, and six countries had an h-index of 9–14. It is notable that Canada was ranked eighth in the number of publications but fourth in h-index and India was ranked third in the number of publications but eighth in h-index. Furthermore, Canada produced the most internationally collaborated papers out of the total number of publications for each country (16.1 %), followed by the UK (13.9 %). This bibliometric analysis provides data contributing to a better understanding of the methaemoglobinaemia research field. The number of publications on methaemoglobinaemia increased significantly after 2000. The USA was the most productive country as measured by total publications. The USA and UK achieved the highest h-index in the field of methaemoglobinaemia research, signifying a higher quality of research than other countries.


text:
RNAcious laboratory
Lab fun
RNAcious laboratory /
Transfer RNA (tRNA) is crucial for protein synthesis, constituting the adaptor molecule between messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein (Hopper & Phizicky, 2003). Despite its critical function, we still lack key knowledge into the exact mechanisms how tRNA interacts with mRNA and, in particular, the role of chemical RNA modification. A mature tRNA molecule contains numerous chemical modifications of RNA nucleosides (Machnicka et al., 2013), many of which are conserved across broad phylogenetic boundaries (Helm, 2006). These modifications regulate several aspects of translation and affect a wide variety of physiological properties, including temperature tolerance and pathogenicity (Sarin & Leidel, 2014).
The aim of our research is to understand how tRNA modifications in host organisms and microbial pathogens are affected at different stages of infection, and how these changes manifest in translation.
Infection Responses
Modifications and Pathogenicity
Virus-encoded tRNAs
Combating Cancer
Fine-tuning Translation
How does host cell translation change upon infection?
Host organisms undergo marked reprogramming of their transcriptome during infection. Common transcriptional activation programmes act as generic alarm signals and induce cytokine expression (Jenner & Young, 2005). The extent at which host transcription is affected depends on the nature of the pathogen. Extracellular infections lead to general transcriptional rearrange-ment of common stress responses, such as heat shock proteins, metabolic stress response, and ubiquitin (Lee & Young, 2013), whereas intracellular infections cause global shut-off of host mRNA translation, which cripples anti-pathogenic responses (Lemaitre & Girardin, 2013; Walsh et al., 2013). However, little is known about how translation is affected during the early stages of infection, particularly how infection changes the tRNA modification levels (Koh & Sarin, 2018). It has recently been shown that physiological stress factors can alter tRNA modification levels (Alings, Sarin et al., 2015). This potentially leads to translational slowdown and upregulation of several stress response pathways, including expression of genes associated with proteotoxic stress (Nedialkova & Leidel, 2015).
Since infection constitutes a severe stress to the host, changes in tRNA modification levels and translation are expected. This hypothesis will be challenged by studying the early stages of infection in well-defined infection models, determining host tRNA modification levels and translation rates, and comparing infected cells to non-infected controls. This will be achieved by the combined use of state-of-the-art techniques, including nano-LC mass spectrometry and ribosome profiling.
Alings, F., Sarin, L. P., Fufezan, C., Drexler, H. C., & Leidel, S. A. An evolutionary approach uncovers a diverse response of tRNA 2-thiolation to elevated temperatures in yeast. RNA 21(2): 202-212 (2015).
Jenner, R. G. and Young, R. A. Insights into host responses against pathogens from transcriptional profiling. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 3(4): 281-294 (2005).
Koh, C. S. and Sarin, L. P. Transfer RNA modification and infection - Implications for pathogenicity and host responses. BBA Gene Regul. Mech. 1861(4): 419-432 (2018).
Lee, T. I. and Young, R. A. Transcriptional regulation and its misregulation in disease. Cell 152(6): 1237-1251 (2013).
Lemaitre, B. and Girardin, S. E. Translation inhibition and metabolic stress pathways in the host response to bacterial pathogens. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 11(6): 365-369 (2013).
Nedialkova, D. D. and Leidel, S. A. Optimization of codon translation rates via tRNA modification maintains proteome integrity. Cell 161(7): 1606-1618 (2015).
Walsh, D., Mathews, M. B. and Mohr, I. Tinkering with translation: protein synthesis in virus-infected cells. Cold Spring Harb. Prospect. Biol. 5(1): a012351 (2013).
How do specific tRNA modifications favour pathogenicity?
Pathogens need to rapidly adapt to continuously changing environmental conditions. Factors that affect microbial virulence include accurate sensing of the environment (quorum sensing), secretion of chemicals into the surroundings (secretion systems), adhering to and colonising of vast areas (biofilm formation), directed motility, and growth at elevated temperatures. These factors are triggered by external signals that indicate poor growth conditions or hostile environments, including high temperature, pH changes, presence or absence of certain nutrients, cell density, and many more (Polke et al., 2015; Koh & Sarin, 2018). A hallmark of opportunistic pathogens is their ability to rapidly switch between commensal and invasive transcription programmes. Their genomes also include hot spots where mutations are frequent, such as the repetitive sequences of minisatellites, telomere regions, and tRNA genes (Koh & Sarin, 2018). Moreover, small regulatory RNAs have been reported to modulate expression of virulence-associated functions in bacteria (Papenfort & Vanderpool, 2015), and thiolation of U34 in three tRNA isoacceptors contributes to high temperature growth and increased virulence in yeast (Koh & Sarin, 2018).
Thiolated tRNA modifications are of particular interest as they modulate temperature tolerance in several species. However, it stands to reason that other tRNA modifica-tions might benefit pathogenicity. To test this theory, tRNA modification and translation will be quantitatively analysed at different stages of infection. Pathogen-specific tRNAs are analysed by nano-LC mass spectrometry, providing information about the basal level of tRNA modification and its changes throughout infection. Thus, over- or under-represented nucleoside modifications are identified and their position within specific isoacceptors can be determined. The effect of such candidate modifications on microbial viability will be assessed by RNA modification enzyme knockout experiments or comple-mentation assays by overexpressing relevant hypomodified tRNA isoacceptors. Finally, translational changes will be determined by ribosome profiling.
Papenfort, K. and Vanderpool, C. K. Target activation by regulatory RNAs in bacteria. FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 39(3), 362-378 (2015).
Polke, M., Hube, B. and Jacobsen, I. D. Candida survival strategies. Adv. Appl. Microbiol. 91, 139-235 (2015).
Koh, C. S. and Sarin, L. P. Transfer RNA modifications and infection -- Implications for pathogenicity and host responses. BBA Gene Regul. Mech. 1861(4): 419-432 (2018).
What is the function of virus-encoded tRNA molecules?
Many obligate cellular parasites utilize different aspects of tRNA biology to facilitate host infection, although the exact mechanism of this regulation is largely unknown. Retroviruses constitute the best-studied example where specific cellular tRNA isoacceptors are hijacked to prime the viral reverse transcriptase enzyme, allowing integration of the viral genome into the host genome (Kelly et al., 2003). Viruses that encode their own limited repertoire of tRNA genes are far less studied, although these include several bacteriophages, nucleoplasmic DNA viruses, positive-strand RNA plant viruses, and gammaherpesviruses infecting humans and other mammals. These virus-encoded tRNAs (vtRNAs) are thought to modulate translation by supplementing codons that are infrequent in the host but frequent in the viral genome (Dreher, 2010). Previous studies indicate that vtRNAs might be amino-acylated (Cliffe et al., 2008; van Etten & Dunigan, 2012), suggesting that they are properly processed and possibly decorated with chemical modifications.
To elucidate the function of vtRNAs, we will isolate vtRNA molecules from infected host cells and, using a variety of techniques, reveal if the vtRNAs are fully processed and chemically modified, after which the modifications will be mapped onto specific vtRNA isoacceptors. The genome of the virus will be screened for putative RNA modification enzymes, which will be expressed and characterized for enzymatic activity. Furthermore, vtRNA aminoacylation will be elucidated and the capacity of vtRNAs to affect translation rates and alter codon usage will be determined using ribosome profiling. This will address the functional coding capacity of vtRNAs and allow us to correlate possible changes in translation with vtRNA levels in host cells.
Cliffe, A. R., Nash, A. A. and Dutia, B. M. Selective uptake of small RNA molecules in the virion of murine gammaherpesvirus 68. J. Virol. 83(5): 2321-2326 (2008).
Dreher, T. W. Viral tRNAs and tRNA-like structures. Wiley Interdiscip. Rev. RNA 1(3): 402-414 (2010).
van Etten, J. L. and Dunigan, D. D. Chloroviruses: not your everyday plant virus. Trends Plant Sci. 17(1): 1-8 (2012).
Kelly, N. J., Palmer, M. T. and Morrow, C. D. Selection of retroviral reverse transcription primer is coordinated with tRNA biogenesis. J. Virol. 77(16): 8695-8701 (2003).
Transfer RNA modification and cancer – tinkering with translation.
Translation is rigorously regulated in healthy cells to control accuracy, rate, and homeostasis during protein synthesis. This careful balance is disrupted in cancer cells, where changes in tRNA modification levels are essential to allow increased protein synthesis and sustained neoplastic proliferation (Sarin & Leidel, 2014). Early studies revealed that tumors have significantly altered tRNA methylation and queuosine modification levels compared to healthy tissue (Kerr & Borek, 1973; Katze & Beck, 1980), although the first direct link between tRNA modification and neoplasia was not established until 2016 (Delaunay et al. 2016). Despite recent advances, the effect of aberrant tRNA modification on tumor formation and proliferation is poorly understood.
To elucidate the translation mechanisms by which tumors are formed, we aim to (i) identify tRNA modifications with significantly altered abundance and (ii) investigate tRNA modification-mediated translational changes in various cancers. We hypothesize that cancer cells can be rescued by pinpointing tRNA modifications that maintain tumorigenic growth and correct their modification levels to that of healthy, non-oncogenic cells. To this end, we use mass spectrometry and ribosome profiling to quantitatively determine tRNA modification levels and monitor translational changes in healthy vs. cancerous cells. The follow-up correlation of RNA modification and translation changes will create a detailed characterization of tRNA-mediated translational responses and identify key regulatory modifications on specific tRNA species.
This study, funded by the Sigrid Jusélius Foundation, will highlight the regulatory function of tRNA modifications and expand our understanding of cancer formation.
Delaunay, S., Rapino, F., Tharun, L., Zhou, Z., Heukamp, L, et al. Elp3 links tRNA modification to IRES-dependent translation of LEF1 to sustain metastasis in breast cancer. J. Exp. Med. 213(11): 2503-2523 (2016).
Katze, J.R. and Beck, W. T. Administration of queuine to mice relieves modified nucleoside queuosine deficiency in Erlich ascites tumor tRNA. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 96(1): 313-319 (1980).
Kerr, S.J. and Borek, E. Regulation of the tRNA methyltransferases in normal and neoplastic tissue. Adv. Enzyme Reg. 11: 63-77 (1972).
Sarin, L. P. and Leidel, S. A. Modify or die? – RNA modification defects in metazoans. RNA Biol. 11(12): 1555-1567 (2014).
Endogenous protein synthesis is regulated at the transcriptional and translational level to yield a balanced proteome that is adapted to the current needs of the cell (Quax et al., 2015). Heterologous protein production is far less straightforward as translational bottlenecks caused by mismatches in codon usage and availability frequently necessitates codon optimization to improve production yields. However, since post-transcriptional tRNA modifications have been shown to influence translation (Laxman et al., 2013; Gingold et al., 2014; Nedialkova & Leidel, 2015), we hypothesize that their dynamic nature (Alings et al., 2015) can be harnessed to fine-tune translation and thus prime the production cells for the altered translational requirements posed by heterologous protein production.
To elucidate the relationship between translational fine-tuning and tRNA modification, we aim to elucidate how: (i) tRNA modifications change upon translation of heterologous gene transcripts, (ii) the tRNA modification profile can be adapted to further heterologous protein production, and (iii) stable these translational optimization measures are during extended production periods. For this purpose, we utilize various fusion protein constructs as reporters in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Nicotiana tabacum, where changes in tRNA modification levels and translation will be monitored using mass spectrometry (Sarin et al., 2018) and ribosome profiling (Ingolia et al., 2012), respectively.
This Academy of Finland funded research will address how post-transcriptional tRNA modification can be harnessed for increased proficiency and protein yield in a bioproduction setting.
Alings F, Sarin LP, Fufezan C, Drexler HC, Leidel SA. An evolutionary approach uncovers a diverse response of tRNA 2-thiolation to elevated temperatures in yeast. RNA 21(2): 202-212 (2015).
Gingold H, Tehler D, Christoffersen NR, Nielsen MM, Asmar F, et al. A dual program for translation regulation in cellular proliferation and differentiation. Cell 158(6): 1281-1292 (2014).
Ingolia NT, Brar GA, Rouskin S, McGeachy AM, Weissman JS. The ribosome profiling strategy for monitoring translation in vivo by deep sequencing of ribosome-protected mRNA fragments. Nat. Protoc. 7(8): 1534-1550 (2012).
Laxman S, Sutter BM, Wu X, Kumar S, Guo X, Trudgian DC, Mirzaei H, Tu BP. Sulfur amino acids regulate translational capacity and metabolic homeostasis through modulation of tRNA thiolation. Cell 154(2): 416–429 (2013).
Nedialkova DD, Leidel SA. Optimization of codon translation rates via tRNA modifications maintains proteome integrity. Cell 161(7): 1606-1618 (2015).
Quax TE, Claassens NJ, Söll D, van der Oost J. Codon bias as a means to fine-tune gene expression. Mol. Cell 59(2): 149-161 (2015).
Sarin LP, Kienast SD, Leufken J, Ross RL, Dziergowska A, Debiec K, Sochacka E, Limbach PA, Fufezan C, Drexler HCA, Leidel SA. Nano LC-MS using capillary columns enables accurate quantification of modified ribonucleosides at low femtomol levels. RNA 24(10): 1403-1417 (2018).


The recent Employment Appeal Tribunal (EAT) decision in Ssekisonge v Barts Health NHS Trust gives a helpful reminder of the sorts of situation where dismissal for 'some other substantial reason' (SOSR) might be appropriate and the approach that a Tribunal will take in assessing the fairness of the dismissal.
Mrs Ssekisonge came to the UK and was given indefinite leave to remain by the Home Office in October 2000. In January 2007 the Home Office questioned her true identity and her right to British citizenship.
In 2011 Mrs Ssekisonge started working with the Trust as a nurse. At the time she made no mention that the Home Office had raised an issue regarding her nationality and validity of her passport.
In April 2014 the Disclosure and Barring Service (DBS) informed the Trust that Mrs Ssekisonge's DBS Certificate had been revoked. The Trust undertook an investigation but relied heavily on the Home Office view that Mrs Ssekisonge was practising and employed under a false identity. Mrs Ssekisonge provided her own information to the Trust as to her identity as part of that investigation including information regarding on-going judicial review proceedings she was pursuing in respect of her status.
Ultimately the Trust's investigation accepted the Home Office concerns regarding the Mrs Ssekisonge's identity and right to work.
The Trust held a disciplinary hearing and decided to dismiss Mrs Ssekisonge on the basis of SOSR that Mrs Ssekisonge's identity remained in question and caused serious concern regarding her right to work. The Trust acknowledged that there were on-going judicial review proceedings but felt it could not await the outcome of those proceedings.
By the time of Mrs Ssekisonge's appeal against her dismissal, her DBS Certificate had been reinstated. Notwithstanding this, the Trust upheld the dismissal on the basis of concerns regarding Mrs Ssekisonge's identity.
Mrs Ssekisonge pursued a claim to the Employment Tribunal but the Tribunal concluded that the dismissal was for SOSR and that it was fair.
Where dismissal is for SOSR, as opposed to conduct, the Tribunal should undertake a more careful evaluation and broader consideration of the interests of justice than in the case of a conduct dismissal.
Where the dismissal is for SOSR, the Tribunal is required to carry out an evaluation of the balance of prejudice, i.e. evaluate the harm that would be caused to the employer by continuing to employ the employee, against the harm caused to the employee by dismissing her. In particular, Mrs Ssekisonge alleged that by the time of the appeal her DBS had been reinstated and that the Trust should have allowed her to continue working on the basis that if her right to work was subsequently revoked, she could be dismissed then. She also pointed out that the decision to dismiss her represented the loss of her livelihood.
The Trust's own investigation into Mrs Ssekisonge's identity and immigration status was inadequate and the Trust had relied too heavily on the Home Office's view.
The EAT rejected the appeal. It accepted that the decision came within the band of reasonable responses. It upheld the Tribunal's decision that the Trust's investigation and dismissal processes had been fair. In particular it regarded the Trust's evaluation of the respective prejudice that would be suffered by either the Trust or Mrs Ssekisonge as satisfactory and it was satisfied that the Trust had undertaken adequate enquiries of its own in relation to the issues.
SOSR remains an option for an employer as a reason for dismissal where there is no fault on the part of the employee.
Where an employer does rely on SOSR it does not impose any additional burdens on the employer in terms of justifying the dismissal.
The test remains whether the employer's decision to dismiss falls within the band of reasonable responses.
As part of its evaluation the employer should weigh up the balance of prejudice to the employee (were the employer to dismiss) against the prejudice to the employer (were the employment to continue).