Baños de Agua Santa or simply Baños is an Ecuadorian city, of the Province of Tungurahua. It is a tourist center of importance of the country, is located about 45 minutes from Ambato. It is the cantonal head of the canton Baños and has a population of 12,995 people. The most important economic activity of the canton is the receptive tourism. The WWF gave the nominative to Baños of "A Gift for Earth"
Baños, is located in the foothills of the Tungurahua volcano at an altitude of 1820 meters (msnm), very close to the geometric center of the Ecuadorian territory. It enjoys a very pleasant climate, almost all year round; Despite high humidity. The national parks Sangay and Llanganates. Are located on the flanks of the canton.
Baños is also a religious pilgrimage center as the hot springs are popularly associated with "miraculous" cures because of the influence of the Dominican community that has been settled in this area for a long time.
The oldest Spanish chronicles refer to the populations of this region as inhabitants who spoke the languages Puruhaes and Panzaleos, the ancestral name of the Valley was Ipo (in the Puruha language). The population of the valley was not stable and there were also Quichua groups.
From the 15th, 16th and 17th centuries, there are very few original written historical data, among which we can mention the following: In 1541 Father Vacas Galindo recounts the arrival of Gonzalo Díaz de Pineda, Martin de la Calle, Alonso de Orejuela together with a contingent of Spanish soldiers, who were accompanied by huambaloes Indians, who had indicated to them that in the skirts of the Tungurahua existed a silver mine. These conquistadors, ambitious for riches, are made to assign these lands for their exploitation, along with other relatives of them, by the Cabildo of San Francisco de Quito. Fortunately, the desire to find gold, in the country of El Dorado (expeditions by Baeza), made these gentlemen of these supposed mines to be forgotten.
The chronicler Isaías Toro Ruiz, tells us that in 1585. Pedro Fernandez de Espinoza gives ownership to the presbyter Álvaro Guerrero Zalamea, the chief of the IPO. This religious comes to take possession of this land and calls it Estancia de Nuestra Senora de Monserratte. This man comes along with Alonso Guerrero, who takes possession of what would be called Hacienda de San José de Juivi. These two partners also set up an indigo factory in these places. It is assumed that it was Alvaro Guerrero who started with the cult of the Virgin Mary, and it is in these years when the famous Ermita de la Virgen was built. Pilar Ponce Leiva (Archivo de Indias), tells us a chronicle dating from 1604, in which he states that when they arrive at this point called "Seat of the Baños", since 8 blocks from the tiny village, at the foot of A waterfall, were 2 water sources (cununyacus), they find as inhabitants 40 freighters and a few Spaniards, who bathe in these waters (a hot and a cold pool, which mix them). For the Indians to enjoy this water they call it ishpaypae which means to bathe in the middle of Mama Tungurahua. Almost next to these slopes, we are told, there is a small adobe church with a thatched roof (La Ermita de la Virgen).
"It's really Los Baños, a place of waters to which people from all over the province come, pilgrims and important people, there are about 300 souls who live in almost all of them in miserable little houses of straw, almost all of them are mestizos. Near the village passes the Rio Grande de los Baños (Pastaza from 1778. Longitude to the Amazon 643 km) .
His little church burned down to produce a great miracle, as the image of the Virgin's wood remained intact. The faithful set out to build a new temple and are building a church of lime and stone "(which was completed in 1788) on February 4, 1773, the first eruption of Tungurahua historically described.A catastrophe for Baños and its surroundings Before this eruption, several chroniclers and historians, among them Father Juan de Velasco, affirm that the volcano had the form of a pyramid finished in a well pronounced tip, which makes to suppose that the crater that we know today begins to form with The lava flows through one of the channels of the Bascun that went through what is now Martínez Street and reaches the gates of the river. Hermitage of the Virgin that was somewhat rebuilt since its last fire.These years begin to visit Baños characters such as Pedro Vicente Maldonado and the First Marquis of Selva Alegre, Montufar and Fra Zo.
The chronicler Isaías Toro Ruiz, relates that in 1585, the encomendero Pedro Fernandez de Espinoza cedes property to the priest Álvaro Guerrero Zalamea, the chief of Ipo. This religious takes possession of the lands of the valley and calls them Estancia (hacienda) of Our Lady of Monserratte. Simultaneously another encomendero Alonso Guerrero takes possession of an area that denominates Hacienda de San José de Juivi. These people also associated themselves to install a factory for the preparation of indigo. It is presumed that they were also the initiators of the cult of the Virgin Mary in these places.
In 1694, these lands were titled to the Spanish General Antonio Palomino Flores (owner of the Haciendas San Jose de Juivi and San Vicente, of which the Baths of that time were composed) pacta with the representatives of the clergy and it undertakes to give each Year the sum of 3,000 pesos for the chaplaincy and for the support of a priest.
During the second half of the nineteenth century, there were many political conflicts and civil wars nationwide, Baños became an oasis of neutrality and refuge for both conservatives and liberals, including Juan Montalvo (Hacienda de Puntzán). Many Colombian immigrants take possession of lands and estates in the sector with the approval of President Garcia Moreno, among others the families Romo, Erazo, González, Fierro and Argoti.
Notable estates in the surroundings of the town were: Ulba, Ulbilla, Valencia, Vizcaya, Agoyán, Puntzán, San Vicente, Illuchi, Juivi. The population of Baños was divided at the beginning of the century between hacendados and rural workers.
In 1887 the Belgian priest Tomás Halflants, a person who also assumed the functions of mayor and made possible the development of many works, among them the delineation of the streets of the city, the construction of the bridges of San Francisco, El Topo, San Martín y las Juntas, the first water catchments in Chigla, reconstruction of the old church, building of the Basilica of the Virgin (1904-1944) and the acquisition of the bronze pool in the Plaza de El Higuerón . In 1909 he was succeeded by the Belgian priest Van Shoote. This influenced the religious character of the population.
From 1916 to 1920 occurs the second contemporary eruption of the Tungurahua, in 1918 a great explosion takes place that shakes the earth in Riobamba, lahares and lava go down until Nahuazo. It rains on that day and ash in all that time.
In 1928, President Isidro Ayora, builds the old Ambato - Baños road, consolidating itself as the main access to the Amazon Region of Ecuador. On December 16, 1944 was officially founded the Canton Baths; The First President of the Cantonal Council was Pedro Tomás Vargas and the First President elected in popular votes was Carlos González.
The earthquake of Ambato of August 5, 1949 seriously affected Baños, reducing to rubble almost all the buildings of the city. The population declined drastically, there were many dead and much of the survivors left the city.
In 1999 the Tungurahua volcano was activated; And the population of Baños was totally evacuated. Since that year, the Tungurahua is still active with large eruptions in 1999, 2000 and 2006.
Located on the outer flanks of the Andes, in the foothills of the Tungurahua volcano, at an altitude of 1820 masl. It is located 40 km east of Ambato, in the province of Tungurahua. It has a great hydrological wealth, with some rivers in its vicinity, such as the Bascún river (west), the river Ulba (east of the city) The Pastaza river that limits the city to the south.
The Tungurahua volcano and the rest of the elevations that surround the city cover Baños of the strong winds. It is a tropical rainy climate zone, its usual temperature is about 15 to 25 ° C in summer.


When you attempt to picture the epitome of historic human achievement, what comes to mind? If you're like most people, you immediately think of aviation. The ability to fly like birds was something that once seemed impossible. Now flight and air travel are part of every American's everyday reality. How amazing is that?
The history of aviation is also as fascinating a topic of study as you'd imagine. Explore every nook and cranny of our nation's love affair with flight through Arcadia Publishing's ambitious Images of Aviation series.
Arcadia's Images of America series has been introducing avid readers and history buffs to unique looks through the ages at cities, towns, neighborhoods, and local citizens. Now Images of Aviation seeks to do the same when it comes to the rich and varied topic of aviation.
Explore the rich histories of major American airports like Washington Dulles, John F. Kennedy, and Torrance. Journey back in time to World War II and meet the 303rd Bombardment Group, who are the original Hell's Angels. Experience what it really would have been like to attend the Los Angeles International Air Meet of 1910. Beautiful vintage photography, compelling writing from local experts, and riveting, little known stories treat you to a fresh look at aviation as you've never experienced it before!


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The Game Basement Productions
Welcome to The Game Basement
Home of independent directors/producers/actors in Los Angeles that create live-action adaptations and web series centered around geek and nerd culture. Projects and collaborations include: The Broken Gear (Final Fight film), The Game Basement (original web series), Street Fighter x Tekken: the Devil within, Clandestine (original series) and many more.
The Broken Gear
A Final Fight Fan Film
When the suffering citizens of Metro City have all but lost hope against the constant threat of violence and crime put upon them, two Metro City natives rise up to battle the root of the oppression, the Mad Gear gang. Mike Haggar, former champion wrestler, street fighter, and newly elected Mayor of Metro City, ushers in a strong political stance against the Mad Gear gang. Going public, Haggar quickly realizes the threat is far more ingrained than he could have ever imagined. On the street level is Cody Travers, a young man tired of living his life in fear who has reached a point of no return. Cody's answer is to fight fire with fire and bring fear and violence back to the Mad Gear gang. Will their tactics to save their city root out the gang problem ? or is it just a catalyst that will envelope the city into chaos...
Epic Rival
Epic Rival is a special collaboration between Haile Lee and Christopher Cowan to create larger scope action projects such as the Clandestine series.
Haile Lee, Christopher Cowan, and Lex Randleman started the conceptualization and creation of Clandestine in 2013. A story of feudalistic supernatural clans, fighting for power in a modern world. A young woman discovers she is the heir to one of these secret clans when her estranged and recently murdered Father appears as a vision within her dreams. Now the clans have brought her into a world of violence and traditional chaos as she has to learn how to be a leader, hero and matriarch to a family she's never known...
A continuous ambitious action project for martial arts and fantasy fans alike. Pitch like tone and thematic episodes are completed and released along with a full episode kickstarted and backed by fans. Currently Clandestine is being reworked and re-developed for release other than web content.
Naruto Shippuden: Dance of War - Short Film
The 4th Great Ninja War is near. Two Hidden Leaf ninja say goodbye to where they grew into ninja, by holding a ceremony to test their own resolve.
TURN ON SUBTITLES! (WITH "CC" BUTTON)
Thousand Pounds Action Company
Christopher Cowan started the group with performers and talented multi faceted collaborators like Brendon Huor and Vonzell Carter in 2010. Haile Lee officially joined in 2012 and since then they have collaborated on a number of different projects together as co-directors such as: Naruto Dreamers Fighter, and Street Fighter x Tekken: The Devil within.
Naruto Dreamer's Fight
Seeing Naruto grow steps closer to his dream, Rock lee decides he, too, must continue to grow and push his training even harder. Feeling unfulfilled in his regimen, Lee decides to challenge Naruto to a no holds barred duel in hopes to reignite his passion to become the best ninja he can be. This is a fan film for the Naruto series.
The Devil Gene The Satsui no hadou Both hide in the depths of one's soul and are unrelenting powers that plague the heroes of the Tekken and Street fighter universes respectively. "Is the quest for power just when the cost is your own humanity?"
The Game Basement
The Game Basement series is an ensemble cast of gamers who together deal with issues that life throws at them, whether that's gender discrimination or losing your best friend. What started as a Youtube series grew out into a podcast and a live-streaming channel where Vince continues to be the voice and leader of The Game Basement.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Mann Deshi Foundation is dedicated to the economic empowerment of rural women in India. Our flagship Business School programs are designed to provide marginalized women with the knowledge, skills and support necessary to become successful entrepreneurs and make informed financial decisions.These schools run out of our branch offices as well as through buses that travel right to the door steps of some of the remotest villages.
Our Business School offers a variety of technical classes that help women start their own businesses or expand existing ones. We aim to provide women with skills ranging from business and financial literacy, computer skills, digital literacy and tailoring. We're even training some to become goat doctors! Through this program, we are helping create opportunities for women, allowing them to enter the job market, strengthen their local communities and become respected members of society.
Our aim is to encourage all participants to build micro enterprises, make informed financial decisions, systematically plan their investments, create realistic budgets and ensure a secure future for their families. Apart from the obvious long-term financial gains, we hope to give women the tools to be active, strong and contributing members of society.


A Hastings (Minn.) Police officer could lose his job if he's found guilty in the theft of a $10 corkscrew he apparently grabbed from behind a bar counter, reports the Hastings Star-Gazette.
Hastings Officer Rene Doffing was charged with misdemeanor theft for grabbing the corkscrew at the Green Mill on Nov. 22. If convicted, Doffing could lose his law enforcement license and job.
Read the full story at HastingsStarGazette.com.


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Player Focus – Ben Hardcastle
Tom Beresford - October 3, 2018
Match Report : Atherton Colleries 9-1 Skelmersdale United
Tom Beresford - September 2, 2018
Atherton Collieries 4-2 Runcorn Linnets – Match Report & Post-Match analysis
Tom Beresford - September 30, 2018
Atherton Collieries continued their fine run of form as they put four goals past table-toppers Runcorn Linnets in their Buildbase FA Trophy clash at...
Nelson 1-5 Atherton Colleries – Post-Match report
Atherton Colleries continued their fine run of form as they saw off Nelson FC with a rampant 5-1 victory at Victoria Park in their...
Jordan Cover – Post-Match Interview – Atherton Colleries
Atherton Collieries striker Jordan Cover offers his thoughts following his sides 4-2 victory in the Buildbase FA Trophy against table-toppers Runcorn Linnets in a...
Marske United 3-3 Atherton Collieries – Post-Match analysis
Tom Beresford - October 13, 2018
Atherton Collieries made the 4-hour round trip to Teesside on Saturday afternoon as they took on Marske United in the preliminary round of the...
Atherton Collieries manager Michael Clegg shares his thoughts following his sides 4-2 victory over table-topping Runcorn Linnets at the newly-named Skuna Stadium on Saturday...
Chasetown vs Atherton Collieries – Colls Preview
As Atherton Collieries make the trip to Staffordshire on Tuesday evening in their Evo-Stik Division One West clash with Chasetown FC, here's my preview...
Chasetown 0-1 Atherton Collieries – Match Report
Atherton Collieries maintained their superb run of form as they recorded their fourth win on-the-spin in what was an important three points for Michael...
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INTERNATIONAL FEDERATION OF AESTHETIC GROUP GYMNASTICS
The Federation of Aesthetic Group Gymnastics or IFAGG is the international governing body for the sport of Aesthetic Group Gymnastics. IFAGG was established in October 2003 with their headquarters based in Helsinki, Finland.
Aesthetic Group Gymnastics (AGG) has been recognised internationally since 1996 when Helsinki hosted the first competitive event. The origin of AGG, however, goes back as far as ancient Greece. The sport has some similarities to Rhythmic Gymnastics, but the significant difference is a larger team often consisting of up to 10 people. For schools the teams are even larger. A further difference is the emphasis on big and continuous body movements. There is no use of apparatus, but instead the focus of the sport is on physical attributes where the rhythmic movements of the body are emphasized to produce an aesthetic appeal through the flow and expression of the athletes. Further important attributes are flexibility, balance, speed, strength and coordination. As the participation is a team event, a good performance is judged on the group performing various body movements simultaneously and uniformly. The movements include dance steps, lifts, jumps, body waves and swings. The size of the competition area, performed on a gymnastics carpet, is 13 metres by 13 metres. Judging is done by a jury consisting of three judge panels assessing the areas of technical, artistic and execution.
IFAGG manage the sport worldwide and oversee international competitions like Continental Championships and World Championships. These are A-category competitions, while B-category competitions are mainly for children. The sport has a growing international presence with the biggest participation in Finland.
Hämeente, 103 E
office@ifagg.com
Details to be confirmed


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Having learned the lessons of new European art and declaring himself to be a rapidly maturing master, M. Chagall returned to Vitebsk on the eve of the First World War.…
The developed manufactory, which arose on the basis of marine industries and shipping, a huge colonial economy and a leading role in world trade, provided Holland with an economic upsurge. Natural sciences are being developed to cater for the increased needs of the economy. Culture is blooming. Holland is becoming the center of European typography, and its universities enjoy universal fame. Significant successes are made by fiction, professional Dutch theater appears, outstanding works arise in the field of architecture, graphics flourish, and finally, the most characteristic, specifically Dutch art – painting reaches unprecedented heights.
We pay tribute to the brave Dutch seafarers, respect the achievements of Dutch opticians and doctors, philosophers and lawyers, but Dutch painters have overshadowed their glory for centuries. Holland painting is the truly invaluable contribution that the people of a small country have made to the world treasury of human achievements.
Dutch painting was not only a leading art form, but also the most important form of ideological struggle for a new society. The most advanced and most humane ideas of the time and national interests received their highest embodiment, the life of Dutch society was reflected with the greatest depth and fullness, and the artistic genius of the Dutch people was most clearly manifested.
From the point of view of ideological features, Dutch painting of the 17th century differs from painting in any other country
first of all, with its pronounced democratic orientation, consistent realism and life-affirming optimism.
The influence of Calvinism was manifested not only by the academic classification in the field of the "higher" genre – historical painting, it also affected the development of the "lower" genres of Dutch art that had reached their peak. The division into "higher" and "lower" genres was alien to Dutch realism. The reverse phenomenon was observed in the development of Dutch painting – it was precisely the "lower" genres that occupied the leading place in it – portraiture, everyday painting, landscape and still life.
Dutch painters were able to prove that a large, saturated with vitally important art can exist in diversity, prosaic everyday life and contain no less worthy subjects.
The appeal to the image of a contemporary and the concrete reality surrounding him infinitely expanded the scope and possibilities of Dutch fine art, and the theme of modernity became its leading theme.
Altar images for churches, as a rule, were not written in Holland. The painting on a religious theme was not an icon here; rather, it had the character of an illustration for the deeply revered "Holy Scripture" and decorated not a church, but a private home. Therefore, the interpretation of religious topics was inherent in a secular, genre character.
The theme of religious paintings in Calvinist Holland was of a substantially different nature than in the Catholic countries of Europe. There were almost no images of saints, but, like nowhere else, attention was paid to the Old Testament plots. The Old Testament was very well known to the Dutch. Starting from the sixteenth century, illustrated Bibles were distributed here, and in the seventeenth century, the Bible in the mother tongue was a handbook in every home, where it was practiced daily reading in the family circle.
The Dutch, who won the battle against a much stronger enemy, considered themselves, like the ancient Israelites, the "chosen god" people. The Dutch war with Catholic Spain was equated with the struggle of the Israelis against foreign idolatrous tyrants.
Drawing parallels between the events of biblical history and the political destinies of the Netherlands has become generally accepted and legitimized for Dutch literature, journalism, theater, and visual arts.
Already in the field of the historical genre, one could note the desire to instill the civil qualities of the burgher of the first bourgeois republic on the examples of his heroic past, the Bible or ancient history. But if historical painting was called upon to form the high civic feelings necessary for the motherland at the moment of danger, then other genres brought up the qualities necessary in everyday life and in everyday life.
Many subjects of the domestic genre were directed against motivation, wastefulness and mismanagement; against venal love when robbing gullible simpletons or when old people, having forgotten about decency, seek with the help of money to regain the joys of youth.
The portrait genre, especially its characteristic share of Holland variety – group portrait, not only reflected the growth of national identity and corporate community of interests, but also contributed to the development of a sense of collectivism, pointed to the social functions of man in the life of the nation.
The landscape genre, like the animal genre, took part in the upbringing of love for the motherland. The illustrious Dutch cows grazing in the fat flood meadows were a source of pride and an indicator of the country's well-being.
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JENISON -- The SVSU Swim & Dive programs competed on day one of the 2018 GLIAC Championships on Wednesday (Feb. 14) afternoon. An impressive first day saw the Cardinals bring home two titles, as Melanie Soenksen won first in the 50 Freestyle and Wilhelmina Francisco claimed the top spot in the 3 Meter Diving event.
The Saginaw Valley women sit in fourth place in the overall standings after day one with 135 points while the men are in fifth place with 56 points.
In the 200 IM, Lydia Mattar posted an NCAA 'B' qualifying time of 2:05.56, advancing her to the A finals. Rebeca Martinez finished 10th and moved on to the B finals with her time of 2:07.73.
In the 50 Freestyle, Melanie Soenksen finished 2nd and moved on to the A finals with her mark of 23.54, which is a 'B' standard time. Alexa Bloom moved to the B finals in the event as well, posting a time of 24.19.
The Men's 50 Freestyle saw Kyle Amick advance to the A finals after finishing 8th with his mark of 21.16. Shaun Yap finished 16th with his 21.55, moving him to the B finals.
Francisco scored 419.75 points in the 11-dive final, taking first place with her stellar performance. It marked the first league championship for her after the B qualifying mark.
Soenksen went on to claim her first-ever league championship in the 50 Free, improving on her prelim mark to touch the board with a mark of 23.43 seconds. Bloom posted the best mark in the 50 Free B Finals, finishing 9th with her time of 24.08.
Amick and Yap finished in the same No. 8 and No. 16 spots in the 50 Free finals, respectively, turning in times of 21.17 and 21.55.
Amanda Thielen finished 7th for the Cards in the 1,000 Free, turning in a scoring time of 10:33.47. Alexandra Davis scored as well and finished in 10th with her mark of 10:38.45.
Jayden Hutchinson finished 10th and scored with his time of 9:41.97 in the 1,000 Free and Peter Lin was right behind in 11th with a mark of 9:45.02. Frederich Schulz also scored, finishing in 16th with a time of 10:06.23.
Mattar would end up in 6th in the 200 IM Finals with a mark of 2:05.81 while Martinez was 9th with her time of 2:05.55 that was best in the B Finals.
The Women's 200 Medley Relay Team, consisting of Soenksen, Thielen, Mattar and Bloom, finished in 3rd place with a time of 1:43.80 for a B qualifying time.
The Men's 200 Medley Relay Team finished 4th with a time of 1:31.19, with that team consisting of Dalton Pokley, Yap, Amick and Dylan Kopacki.
Day two competition continues Thursday morning at 10:00 a.m. from the Jenison High School Aquatics Center.


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Turkey Media Roundup (February 4)
[This is a roundup of news articles and other materials circulating on Turkey and reflects a wide variety of opinions. It does not reflect the views of the Turkey Page Editors or of Jadaliyya. You may send your own recommendations for inclusion in each week`s roundup to turkey@jadaliyya.com by Sunday night of every week.]
Graft Crisis
Corruption, the Government, the Cemaat: A Survey Ahmet Hakan draws attention to a survey conducted by the MetroPOLL Strategic and Social Research Center on the graft crisis.
Turkish Public Mark Rising Gloom and Mistrust Yavuz Baydar comments on "Turkey's Pulse Research," conducted by the MetroPOLL Strategic and Social Research Center.
Madness on the Bosphorus The Economist argues that "the prime minister's attacks on foreign plotters may no longer convince voters."
Turkey's Wrong Turn The New York Times, in its editorial, suggests that the Obama administration should send a strong message about the damaging course Erdoğan is pursuing.
Graft Probes Could Become Strategic Issue for Turkey (1)-(2)-(3) Referring to the New York Times' editorial, Murat Yetkin writes on the possible results of the insistence on blocking corruption probes.
How Should Washington React to Erdoğan? Ömer Taşpınar explains when Washington is usually much more willing to get involved in the domestic problems of a country.
Freedom in the World 2013/ Turkey Freedom House, in its newly issued 2013 report, writes that, "Civil liberties are at risk in Turkey."
Is Democracy at Risk in Turkey? İhsan Dağı comments on Freedom House's report on Turkey.
Analysis: Power of Turkey`s Fethullah Gulen Güney Yıldız writes on his interview with Fethullah Gülen for BBC Turkish.
Is the Fethullah Gülen Movement Overstretching Itself? A comprehensive analysis of the Gülen Movement by Günter Seufert.
"Well, You Were Saying Hizmet Is a Religious Movement?" Hüseyin Gülerce comments on an ongoing discussion regarding whether the Gülen Movement is a religious or a political movement.
Turkey Crisis Puts Jailed Millionaire at Heart of Gold-Smuggling Ring Mehul Srivastava itemizes Turkey's gold traffic with Iran despite and amid the United States' sanctions.
AK Party's Wish to Regain Its 'Lost' Image İsmet Berkan writes: "It is not very easy for the government and the AK Party to go back to their 'happy days.'"
Erdoğan`s Battle (1)-(2) Cafer Solgun argues that "the AK Party is a 'ruling' party that has lost its capacity to represent Turkey`s future."
Turkish Government Once Loved the Specially Authorized Courts Özgür Korkmaz writes that "the AKP has increased its efforts to get rid of a problem it created: specially authorized courts."
Erdoğan Accuses TUSIAD Chairman of Treason Kadri Gürsel argues that the government has a tendency to use its financial auditing powers to influence capital groups and politicians.
Why Does the Government Shoot the Messengers? According to Orhan Kemal Cengiz, accusing the TUSIAD Chairman of treason is nothing but "shooting a messenger."
A Likely Boom in the Number of Traitors Sedat Ergin points out that "traitor" or "treason" have become the routine of Erdoğan's political discourse.
As Crony Capitalism Collapses "The corruption investigation brought down the three-legged order of crony capitalism," Mümtazer Türkönü argues.
"Parallel State" and "Theft of National Will" (1)-(2) Reflecting upon Erdoğan's disacourses, Bilent Keneş asks "for God`s sake, who is the one stealing and deceiving the national will?"
Did You Say Blackmail? Ekrem Dumanlı, the CEO and Executive Editor-in-Chief of Zaman, responds to the AKP government's accusations of a parallel state.
This Crisis Is Different; Here`s Why Markar Esayan analyzes the problems he believes Turkey is facing now.
What's Happening in Turkey? "The Western media, having received their information from the same twenty to thirty top individuals, all of whom share the same point of view, paint a particular picture of Turkey," Taha Özhan claims.
Is Society a Pack of Fools? Etyen Mahçupyan propounds that "this is a game in which the AKP will end up winning despite all adversities."
Erdoğan Counts on Karaman's Islamic Counsel Mustafa Akyol draws attention to Hayrettin Karaman, "the ruling AKP's Islamic jurist of choice."
Rise in Interest Rates
Talking Troubled Turkey "Turkey seems to be in serious trouble," writes Paul Krugman.
Fears of Recession and Contagion Seyfettin Gürsel argues that "Krugman is right."
"Fragile Five" Is the Latest Club of Emerging Nations in Turmoil Landon Thomas writes that recent turmoil has produced a rival expression for the BRICs countries—the Fragile Five.
Turkey's Central Bank Aggressively Raises Rates "Turkey, seen by most investors as the most fragile of the Fragile Five, raised interest rates on Tuesday," Landon Thomas reports.
Turkey's Economy and Erdoğan's Shame For Bloomberg,"'dramatic' is not an adjective often associated with central banking, yet it is the only word to use for what happened last night in Turkey."
Turkey Loses Cachet As Emerging Market A top US economic expert argues that Turkey is no longer an emerging market, Çengiz Çandar relays.
Erdoğan Continues to Learn the Hard Way According to Semih İdiz, "it looks like the 'interest rate lobby,' so hated by Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, has won."
Losing Rationality in Politics and the Economy In Turkey, "there are strong signals of rationality being lost," Gökhan Bacık writes.
The Conspiracy Card and Economic Woes Charlotte McPherson addresses non-Turkish readers who do not understand the swinging and swaying of Turkish politics and the economy.
White Bean and Potato Prices Soar, Signal Warning to Government Lale Kemal argues that the government's shift in its policies seriously threatens the economic and political stability of Turkey
EU Relations
Reconcile with the EU, Fight Against TÜSİAD? "A responsible leader of a country does not label all of his opponents 'traitors' when they criticize the ruling power," Serkan Demirtaş writes.
Hollande Visit Lost in Turkey's Political Muddle Çengiz Çandar comments on French President François Hollande's two-day visit to Ankara and Istanbul.
The Outlook for EU-Turkey Relations Nilgün Arısan Eralp analyses the status of Turkey's EU accession negotiations from both a Turkish and EU perspective.
Kurdish Question
The Kurds' Dangerous Game Nuray Mert argues that "the tacit alliance between the Kurdistan Workers' Party's (PKK) jailed leader, Abdullah Öcalan, and the government presents a risk."
The Kurds' Schizophrenic Week "For everyone, it is no longer rational to count on conflicts among the Kurds," writes Verda Özer.
Geneva II Conference
A New Strategic Plan for Syria Doğu Ergil argues that "a new strategy for Syria is...soon to be declared to Ankara."
Gevena II: Efforts to Advance on the Peace Front According to Hasan Kanbolat, "the talks in Geneva continue to be the only hope that at some time, a solution will emerge on the Syrian war front."
Syrian Opposition Figure: Turkey`s "Many Mistakes" in Syria An interview with Samir Aita, the founder of the opposition Syrian Democratic Forum.
Syria Regime Not the Only One Accusing Turkey of Provoking Crisis Fehim Taştekin reports that several human rights organizations are preparing to accuse Turkey of provoking the war in Syria.
Turkey: A Victim of Imperial Overreach Lale Kemal argues that "Turkey has overestimated its strength and become a victim of its imperial overreach in Syria."
The Middle East Challenge for Turkish Foreign Policy Hayreddin Aydınbaş writes that foreign policy approaches such as "zero problems with neighbors" or "precious isolation" are no longer functional.
Energy-Hungry Turkey
Turkey's Energy Policy and the Future of Natural Gas Soner Çagaptay points out that "Turkey cannot become a regional energy player without first tending to its gas needs at home."
Energy-Hungry Turkey Olgu Okumuş deliberates on the issue of energy in Turkey.
Shifting Dynamics in the Troubled Triangle between Ankara, Erbil, and Baghdad Emanuela Pergolizzi points to challenges standing in the way of peaceful trilateral cooperation.
Turkey As a Regional Natural Gas Hub: Myth or Reality? Simone Tagliapietra's analysis of the regional gas market outlook, which he claims to be beyond the mainstream rhetoric.
Under the Shadow of International Sanctions Süleyman Elik examines Turkish-Iranian economic relations between 1996 and 2014.
Armenian Question
What Is Turkey`s 2015 Strategy? Putting some pieces together, Orhan Kemal Cengiz draws a picture of the strategy that Turkey will most probably follow for the hundredth anniversary of the Armenian genocide.
Why Is Turkish Writer Sevan Nisanyan in Jail? Orhan Kemal Cengiz underlines that the outspoken Armenian writer is the only Turkish citizen jailed for "construction infractions."
Could Europe Have an Effect on the Armenian Question? According to Ahmet İnsel, "it is hard to say that the perspective of EU membership has a direct effect on relations between Armenia and Turkey."
Other Pertinent Pieces
Citizenship, Minorities and the Struggle for a Right to the City in Istanbul Gülçin Erdi Lelandaisa provides a comparative analysis of urban transformation projects and protests against them.
The Legacy of World War I Continues to Linger İlter Turan traces some important domestic and regional questions Turkey currently encounters back to the World War I and its aftermath.
Published on Jadaliyya
From Oriental Nightingales to Peace Pigeons
The Not-So-Tangled Web of Tear Gas Manufacturers
Proverbs, Politics, and Paris: An Interview with Nancy Kricorian
Ismail Besikci and the Reality of Kurdistan
Towards the End of a Dream? The Erdoğan-Gülen Fallout and Islamic Liberalism's Descent
Tuesday, February 04, 2014 - 9:21:00 AM


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How to read Jeremiah
1 OVERVIEW JEREMIAH
2 SPECIFIC ADVICE FDR READING JEREMIAH
3 A WALK THROUGH JEREMIAH
ORIENTING DATA FOR JEREMIAH
Content: oracles of judgment against Judah and the nations, along with oracles of future hope, interwoven with narratives of Jeremiah's role in the concluding days of Judah
Prophet: Jeremiah, of priestly lineage from the village of Anathoth, about three miles south of Jerusalem
Date of prophetic activity: from 627 to 585 s.c. (see 1:2-3)
Emphases: Judah's unfaithfulness to Yahweh will end in its destruction; in keeping with the promises of Deuteronomy, God has a bright future for his people-a time of restoration and a new covenant; Yahweh's own heart for his people revealed through the heart of Jeremiah.
OVERVIEW JEREMIAH
The book of Jeremiah is a collection of his many oracles-mostly in poetry and mostly against Judah and Jerusalem-plus a large number of narratives in which he is the leading player. The collection itself perhaps "published" by Baruch (Jer 36:32; 45:1-5), comes in four major parts. Chapters 1-25 contain oracles and interpreted symbolic actions that announce the coming doom of Judah and Jerusalem. A large part of this material appears in the form of conversation / dialogue between the prophet and Yahweh. In chapters 26-36 two collections of (non chronological) narratives enclose the highly important message of hope in chapters 30-33. Chapters 3 7-45 contain a series of narratives in chronological order, having to do with events that fulfill prophecies in part 1. Chapters 46- 51 contain oracles against the nations, while chapter 52 is a historical epilogue, vindicating Jeremiah as a prophet. Thus:
A Prophecies of Judgment against Jerusalem (chs. 1-25)
B Narratives Holding Out Hope for the Future (chs. 26-36)
B* Narratives regarding the Fall of Jerusalem (chs. 37 -45)
A* Prophecies of Judgment against the Nations (chs. 46-51)
Epilogue (ch. 52)
It is important to note that the narratives in chapters 26-36 have many correspondences with the preceding oracles. For example, the content of the famous temple sermon appears in 7:1-29, while the reaction to it appears as the first narrative (ch. 26); the policy to yield to Babylon and go into exile in 21 :8-10 becomes the major focus of the narratives in chapters 27 -29; and the reasons for judgments against Judah's kings and prophets given in chapters 22-23 find narrative expression in chapters 26-29 and 34-36. This suggests that the reason for the (non chronological) first collection of narratives is topical-and intentional.
SPECIFIC ADVICE FDR READING JEREMIAH
To read Jeremiah well, you need to have some inkling about the man and his times, as well as the nature of the materials that make up the book.
First, a few comments about the times in which Jeremiah lived. Although Jeremiah received his call during the thirteenth year (of thirty-one years) of the reign of Josiah, only one of his oracles is dated to that period (3:6-10). Most of them come from the tumultuous years in Jerusalem after Josiah's death, during the reigns of two sons (Jehoiakim, 609-598 8.c., and Zedekiah, 597 -586). Josiah himself had reigned during a lull on the international scene, as Assyria was in serious decline and both Egypt and Babylon were vying for supremacy in the coastal area that included Judah. Josiah had died in battle against the Egyptian pharaoh Neco (609), but Neco in turn was defeated by Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon in 605. The rest of Judah's final years are related to the political events that followed.
Josiah's sons (and one grandson, Jehoiachin) spent their few ruling years as political footballs between Egypt and Babylon, always under Babylonian control but repeatedly turning to Egypt for help to throw off the Babylonian yoke and gain a measure of independence. These policies eventually resulted in a siege by Nebuchadnezzar in 598 that brought Jehoiachin's brief reign of three months most to an end, as he and of the leading people of Jerusalem were sent into exile to Babylon (2 Kgs 24:8-17; Jet 29:2; see Ezekiel). Nonetheless, the final king of Judah, Zedekiah, returned to these hopeless policies, which eventually led to a second siege and the total destruction of Jerusalem (586). A still further rebellion by a remnant of those who remained in Judah finally resulted in a flight to Egypt in which both Jeremiah and Baruch were taken along.
It is not possible to make sense of Jeremiah apart from this history, since he played a major role in speaking into these political affairs over the twenty-two years of Jehoiakim's and Zedekiah's reigns. The narratives reveal a great deal about political intrigue, as both hawks and doves are represented' along with pro-Egyptian and pro-Babylonian voices. And because Jeremiah's oracles, and narratives (until the events of the end, chs. 37 -.45) are not in their chronological order, you will do well these names, dates, and political policies near at hand as you read.
Second' Jeremiah was given a most unenviable task, namely, to stand in opposition to the royal house of David and to the prophets, priests, and people by announcing the coming destruction of Jerusalem and urging them to accept exile in Babylon if they wished to live and have any future at all. At issue is Jeremiah's pro-Babylonian policy (following the first exile under Jehoiachin in 598 ), a view that had two things militating against it in the royal court: Many believed (1) that Jerusalem was secure because of the Davidic covenant and the presence of Yahweh,s temple (see 7:4-11) and (2) that the present exile of Jehoiachin would be short-lived (see 28:1-4).Jeremiah's message is clear: Yield to Babylon and you will live-even if the return is a lifetime away (!); resist and you will die. Lying behind this resistance is a conviction, stemming from Yahweh's rescue of Jerusalem from the Assyrians (see Isa 3 6-37), that Zion was inviolable-because of its temple, Yahweh resting/dwelling place.
Third a few comments about Jeremiah's book. You need to note that chapters 1-25 form the heart of Jeremiah's prophetic word and probably represent much of the scroll that was turned by Jehoiakim and rewritten with the help of Baruch (ch. 36).The beginning oracles announce the coming judgment and the reason, for it (primarily unfaithfulness to Yahweh in the form of idolatry), while at the same time they are full of appeals to Judah, urging that if her people repent, Yahweh
will relent. But the appeals go unheeded and eventually give way to the certainty of coming judgment. Included in this collection are the many intriguing moments of Jeremiah's own interactions with Yahweh (by argument, dialogue, lament, and complaint) over the coming disaster or over his own ill-treatment. You may find the going a bit easier when reading this collection if you mark carefully the changes of speakers. Also included are several interpreted symbolic actions, which serve to illustrate what Yahweh has to say to Judah.
Of the several influences on Jeremiah himself, the most obvious are Hosea and Deuteronomy. Jeremiah makes considerable use of the former's vivid imagery of Israel as a faithless bride-turned-prostitute, dearly loved by Yahweh, but whose unfaithfulness will cause him to give
her over to her "lovers." This in turn reflects several Deuteronomic influences, especially the appeal to the stipulations of the covenant, including the curses for unfaithfulness at the key point of whether they will serve Yahweh alone (Jer 11:1-13; cf. 17:5-8). Related is the imagery of the un/circumcised heart (4:4;9:25; cf. Deut 10:16; 30:6) and the promised restoration after exile with a new covenant (Jer 30-33). As in Deuteronomy, the issue is not merely idolatry, but syncretism-worshiping and serving Baal alongside Yahweh. But Yahweh is God alone and therefore a jealous God who cannot abide their idolatry, yet he is also compassionate and loving toward his people. It is this mixture of realities that finds poignant expression in Jeremiah.
A WALK THROUGH JEREMIAH
Oracles of Judgment against Judah and Jerusalem (chs. 1-25)
1:1-19 Introduction
Watch for several important clues to the rest of the book as you read this introduction. The heading (w. 1-3) places Jeremiah socially (from a priestly family in a village) and historically. The call itself (vv. 4- 10) initiates the pattern of dialogue, as Jeremiah, in proper prophetic humility, resists his calling. The first vision (vv. 11-12) assures him of the certain fulfillment of God's word through him. The second vision (vv.
13-16) indicates the source of God's coming judgment (Babylon, from the north) .The final summons (w. 17 -19) anticipates both his role and reception in these events.
2:1-6:30 Oracles against Judah's Idolatry
This first series sets up the rest of the book. Yahweh's charge against Judah/Jerusalem is given in 2:1-3:5. Watch for the following: the basic imagery of a formerly loving bride (2:2) who has turned to prostitution
(2:20-25,32-33; 3:1-5), mainly in the form of idolatry (but see also 2:34); the role of the leaders (kings, officials, priests, prophets; 2:8,26; cf. chs. 21-23); and Yahweh's astonishment over such craziness (2:10-19).
In the next collection (3:6-4:4), watch for the many appeals to the faithless bride not to be like Samaria (who must also repent, 3:12-14), but to return to her husband with the threat of sure doom if she fails to take heed. Next comes the announcement of disaster from the north (4:5-31, picking up from l:14-16); note how this section alternates between direct words from Yahweh (4:5-6, 9, 11- I 2, 15- 18, 22, 27 -28) and Jeremiah's own words (w. 7-8, 10, 1 3-14, l9-2I, 23-26, 29-31).
Chapter 5 is a collection of short oracles, with two interventions by Jeremiah (vv. 3-6, 12-13) that alternately announce coming judgment (vv. 9-10, 15-17) and the reasons for it: Social injustice (vv. 26-28)
again joins idolatry (w. 7-8, 19).Note the thought echoed from Isaiah that the people have become like their idols (v.21, eyes and ears that cannot see or hear).
Chapter 6 concludes this first collection by announcing the siege of Jerusalem. Note especially Jeremiah's own futile pleas with his people to take heed (w. 10-11a, 24-26).
7:1-10:25 More Oracles against Idolatry
The first two sets of prose oracles (7:1-29; 7:30-8:3) spell out in stark detail Judah's syncretistic ways, all the while believing that the people's "devotion" to Yahweh and his presence will make them secure.
You may wish to read chapter 26 in conjunction with the temple sermon (7:1-29), which narrates the response to it. The rest is a series of poetic oracles that picks up most of the themes from the first cycle (idolatry, forsaking the law, and judgment), but now heavily loaded with interventions by Jeremiah, mostly in the form of anguish over Jerusalem's coming destruction or in praise of the God whom Judah has spurned
(note also the intervention by the people, 8:14-16). Note how it ends with a prayer (10:23-25) that echoes a common prophetic theme: Even though Judah deserves what it gets, so do the other nations, thus anticipating the oracles in chapters 46-51.
11:1-13:27 The Broken Covenant
Note how the first oracle (1 1:1-17) echoes what has gone before, but now in terms of the bride's breaking covenant withYahweh. Look for Jeremiah's deep involvement in the rest of this section plot against him by
his own people will result in their judgment (11:1 8-23); his renewed complaint about God's, justice (12:1-4) is a answered in terms of what Jeremiah's own people have done to him (12.5-13), yet justice will come to
the nations as well (w. 14-17); a symbolic action is then interpreted in terms of Judah,s uselessness and coming destruction (13:1-14); and his o\Mn appeal to Judah (13: l5-23) is answered again in terms of the unfaithful wife (w. 24-27), thus returning to the theme of the broken covenant.
14:1-17:27 Yahweh's Rejection of His People
Note that this series continues the format of dialogue between Yahweh and Jeremiah: Yahweh announces judgment (1 4:1-6); Jeremiah prays for his people (w. 7-9), but because their judgment is now set, he is told not
to pray (w. 10- 16) but to weep over them (w. 17 -18). Jeremiah responds by reminding Yahweh of his covenant (w. 19-22), to which Yahweh counters that even Moses and Samuel couldn't help them now ( 15: 1-4, 5-9; cf 1 5:12-14). Jeremiah responds with a lament (w. 10, 15- 1 8), and Yahweh with a call to repent and to stay with his calling, assuring him of deliverance (w. 11, 19-21). After a series of personal prohibitions that are tied to judgments against the people (16:1-9), Jeremiah is commissioned to proclaim both judgment and hope (vv.10-18), while another oracle of judgment (16:21-17:8) is followed by another dialogue (7:9-10) and personal lament (vv.11:18). The concluding oracle announces judgment for breaking the Sabbath (w. 19-27; cf.Exod 23:10-12; 31:12-17;35:1-3).
18:1-20:18 Symbols and Laments
Two interpreted symbolic actions (18:1-17; 19:1-15) frame another personal lament (18:18-23), the second resulting in Jeremiah's being beaten (20:1-3), which in turn serves as another announcement of judgment
(w. 4-6), followed by a final personal lament (vv. 7 -18). Note that the terror from the north is finally identified: It is Babylon (v. 4).
21:1-24:10 Judgment against Kings and Prophets
Oracles against Zedekiah bookend this section, which picks up from 2:8 and 2:26. A request from Zedekiah (ch. 21) that took place at the beginning of the siege (588 B.C.) thus heads a series Judah's of oracles against kings (ch. 22, note Jehoiakim [v.18] and Jehoiachin [v.24], who will someday be replaced with a true Branch from David,s line (23: 1 -8). These are followed by oracles against false prophets and priests (23:33- 40) and a final oracle against Zedekiah and his officials (ch. 24). Note especially the messianic oracle in 23:5-6, which echoes Isaiah 11:1, 10. It is repeated in 33:15-16 and,picked up in Revelation 5:5.
25:1-38 Summary of Part 1 and Anticipation of Part 4
Note how the announcement of a seventy-year exile (w 1-14) is full of reasons for it that recall the preceding chapters. This is followed by an announcement of judgments against the nations (w. 15-33), which will be spelled out in full in chapters 46-51 , and a concluding word against the shepherds (vv. 34-38), bringing closure to chapters 21-24 as well. You will find the words against Babylon in 25:10 echoed in the final doom of John's "Babylon" in Revelation 18 :21-23.
God's Word Offers Hope but Is Rejected (chs. 26-36)
26:1-24 Reaction to Jeremiah's Temple Sermon
The brief summary in verses 1-6 introduces the narrative about Jerusalem's reaction to Jeremiah's temple sermon in 7:l-29. After the initial reaction (26:7 -9), there is a hastily convened trial (vv. 10- 19) in which Jeremiah is saved by a split between priests/prophets and officials and by a comparison with Micah. The final account compares Jeremiah with a prophet who did not fare as well (vv. 20-23) and another one who did (v.24).
27:1-29:32 Jeremiah and the False Prophets
This section is dominated by the conflict between Jeremiah and two false prophets (Hananiah and Shemaiah) over Jeremiah,s pro-Babylonian policy. In contrast to Jeremiah himself (ch. 26) and over against his message of hope through exile, both of these men die. Note especially how the message of hope through exile prepares the way for the next section.
30:1-33:26 Promised Restoration and a New Covenant
Here you will find the basic reason for Jeremiah,s pro-Babylon stance: In it lies the only hope for the future. Thus, chapters 30-31 are a collection of short oracles that prophesy the return from exile and the restoration
of Zion (see Deut 30:1-10); they are, however, interlaced with moments of judgment (Jer 30:5 -7, 12-15, 23-24) in order to remind the people of what led to the exile. Note the various players in the restoration story-the people (of both Israel and Judah), the land the city, the king, the priests, and especially the new covenant.
Jeremiah then buys a field in Anathoth (32:1-25) as down payment on this future that will come after his time! This is followed by another announcement of judgment at the time of the siege (32:26-35), followed by prose oracles of future restoration (32:36-33:26). Note how 33:15-16 picks up the promise of the Messiah from 23:5-6.
34:1-36:32 Zedekiah, Jehoiakim, and Jeremiah's Scroll
In response to chapters 30-33 these narratives illustrate covenant disloyalty (ch. 34) and then covenant loyalty (ch. 35), with the rejection of Jeremiah's words by Jehoiakim (ch. 36) concluding the section. True hope for Judah has been offered but rejected.
The Fall of Jerusalem and Its Aftermath (chs. 37-45)
37:1-38:28 Jeremiah and Court Politics
The narratives in this final cycle are in chronological order, spelling out various episodes that marked the end of Jerusalem. The first (ch. 37) reflects the placing of false hope in Egypt by Zedekiah, resulting
in Jeremiah's arrest; the second reflects Zedekiah's continuing anti-Babylonian policy (3 8:1-13), which results in Jeremiah's being thrown into a cistern; note that in the final episode (vv. 14-28), Jeremiah
repeats the advice to yield to Babylon so as to live.
39:1-41:15 Jeremiah and the Fall of Jerusalem
This group of narratives tells the story of Jerusalem's fall, plus the sordid events that follow, including the assassination of Gedaliah.
41:16-45:5 Jeremiah and the Flight to Egypt
These final narratives contain Jeremiah's last oracles to the exiles in Egypt, who still resist Yahweh, plus a final word to Baruch.
Oracles against the Nations (chs. 46-51)
In keeping with the prophetic tradition, Jeremiah had over many years spoken oracles of Yahweh's judgment of the nations. These are placed at the end of his book-so that God's message of doom for Babylon would be the final word.
46:1-28 The Doom of Egypt
The promised oracles against the nations (see 1:10) now conclude the book. They begin with Judah's false hope, namely, Egypt. The defeat of Egypt's army (46:2-12) will be followed by the ruin of their land (w. 13-24), with an appended note about Israel's hope (w. 27-.28).
47:1-49:39 The Doom of Judah's Neighbors
This series of oracles condemns Judah's closest neighbors, who are also historic enemies, judged primarily for pride and for their treatment of Israel. Starting in the south (Philistia), the focus moves to the east (Moab, Ammon, Edom), and then to the northeast (Damascus, Hazor, Elam). They are judged primarily for pride and for their treatment of Israel.
50:1-51:64 The Doom of Babylon
Although Jeremiah was pro-Babylon with regard to Israel,s future, he also recognized that the destroyer must likewise be destroyed. Here especially you'll find the motif of Yahweh the Divine warrior engaged in holy war against his enemies. Note in this collection of oracles announcing Babylon's doom how much is related to Israel's future, beginning with 50,.2-7. Babylon's desolation will be even more complete than Jerusalem,s, brought about by her cruelty to God's people, her arrogance, and her own idolatries. Several of these oracles will serve as the basis for John,s announcement of doom on a later "Babylon"- the city of Rome (Rev 18).
An Epilogue (ch. 52)
Notice how this final historical epilogue serves to vindicate Jeremiah as a prophet. The king who rejected his words dies in ignominy (52:6- 11); the king who accepted them, though imprisoned, lives on and dies in honor (w. 3l-34).
The book of Jeremiah is a constant reminder of God,s faithfulness to his word in Deuteronomy that his elect will be cursed by exile for their unfaithfulness to Yahweh but will be restored at a later time with the hope of a new covenant-which was fulfilled through Jesus Christ, David's "righteous Branch,, (Jer 23:5).


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Geography of Oman	Steve Caplin	2015-10-23T15:19:30+00:00
The geography of Oman
Oman borders the Republic of Yemen to the southwest, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to the west, and the United Arab Emirates to the north.
With an area of over 300,000 square kilometres, Oman is one of the most geographically diverse countries of the Peninsula. Arid deserts meet fertile plains and mountains in the north, while a seasonal monsoon yields green plains and mountains in Dhofar of southern Oman.
Around 82% of the land is made up of sand and gravel desert, 15% is mountainous and the remaining 3% comprises coastal plains. The inhospitable but famous Rub Al Khali (Empty Quarter) lies to the west of the country, but elsewhere there are many lush wadis and oases.
The Interior Region of Oman is separated from the coast by the Hajar Mountain range, which stretches along the centre of the northern part of the country for 600 kilometres. Jebel Shams, at an altitude of 3,000 metres, is Oman's highest mountain.
Oman's coastline borders the Sea of Oman and the Arabian Sea. The strategically important Strait of Hormuz is the only stretch of water between the Gulf and the Indian Ocean and is, therefore, a vital route for the transportation of crude oil, gas and cargo.
Maritime trade route
Modern Oman
The Jewel's origins, where she set sail from and the achievements of this maritime project.
The Belitung Wreck and Tang Treasures
The story of the discovery of the beautiful and well-preserved Tang Treasure, found in a wreck off Belitung.
The Maritime Trade Route: Oman to the Far East
Historical sources show that over a thousand years ago, sailors travelled the seas between Oman and China.
Geography of Oman
Key information about Oman, its position within the Middle East, and its geographical diversity.
Find out more about what life in Oman is like today.
Profile of Muscat
The political and commercial centre of Oman, Muscat, has a long and interesting past.


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Minimal + Modern. A molded internal shell gives the bag its unique shape whether empty or full and protects all your gear.
Your Portable Locker Hang it anywhere and the unique drop front design opens for easy packing + organizing + accessing your gear.


At Medical audits we have a team of experienced Infection Prevention Professionals and Health and Safety experts with decades of experience in hospitals and other healthcare settings.
Our Infection Prevention and Control professionals are ready to help you submit the best tender you can.
We specialise in providing Infection Prevention healthcare tender and bid support.
This includes professional, clear, Infection Prevention advice and guidance on what you need to include and what you need to cover to meet the tender requirements.
We can ensure your Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) sections of the Tender are professionally written with reference to relevant NHS standards and Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) guidelines.
Our Health and Safety experts are on hand to advise on H&S legislation, writing your Health and Safety policy, completing health and safety risk assessments etc.
We can write the health and safety sections of your tender – writing one specialist tender document, providing guidance on what is required to meet and exceed tender requirements or indeed completing the full tender submission in liaison with your local team.
We can also read and review your tender documents prior to submission for accuracy and to ensure they meet the required NHS national cleaning standards and PAS 5748 cleaning standards.
Our team of experts are happy to pull all the documentation together, cross- reference relevant information to ensure you leave nothing to chance.
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On June 28, 2010, the Board of Trustees unanimously adopted a local law (PDF) requiring residents and property owners to maintain the sidewalk adjacent to their property. Up until the adoption of this new law, Irvington was one of the last communities in Westchester where municipal employees maintained all sidewalk areas.
The law, which became effective July 15, 2010, is organized in two separate sections. The most significant section pertains to snow and ice removal on sidewalks. This section requires residents to clear snow and ice from adjacent sidewalks. For sidewalks located in the Main Street Area, snow and ice must be cleared by 9:00 am and 4:00 pm each day. For sidewalks located outside the Main Street Area, sidewalks must be cleared within 12 hours after the snow ceases falling. In addition, all sidewalks must be kept safe and passable, even in the absence of an identifiable winter weather event.
If residents do not maintain their sidewalks as required, the Village will send a notice in writing and, if there is still no response, the Village may undertake the maintenance with its own forces. In that case, the resident would be responsible to pay the cost of the maintenance plus a 50% surcharge.
The other section of the law pertains to maintenance of right-of-way areas. Not all properties have adjacent sidewalks, but nearly all properties have an area between their property line and the edge of the roadway. Residents need to keep this area, referred to in the law as a right-of-way, free of litter, leaves, branches and other obstructions and to keep the grass cut and bushes trimmed.
If residents do not maintain the adjacent right-of-way area, after proper notification, the Village may undertake the maintenance with its own forces. Again, the resident would be responsible to pay the cost of the maintenance plus a 50% surcharge.
It is important to note that this law does not require residents to make repairs to the sidewalk concrete. That will continue to be the responsibility of the Village. In addition, will continue to be responsible legally for the safe use of the sidewalks.


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Bernie Won't Back Off, And His Supporters Will Not Learn To Like Hillary
Bernie Sanders continues to attack Hillary Clinton while campaigning in Pennsylvania. I'm glad that he is not listening to party leaders who think he should back off. This is not a case of one Democrat with similar views running against another Democrat with similar views. There is a large ideological difference between the candidates, and the fight should continue regardless of how difficult it might be for Sanders to win the nomination.
Former Obama speech writer Jon Favraeu has been writing articles lately about how he learned to like Hillary, and why we should too. Today he wrote, "Primaries are often a clash of personalities and magnified policy differences." No this is not about personalities (other than Clinton's dishonesty) and the policy differences are rather major. I have opposed Clinton this year for the same reasons I opposed her in 2008. More significantly, I oppose her for the reasons I opposed the reelection of George Bush in 2004. Her militaristic foreign policy views, conservative views on civil liberties, and opposition to government transparency are little different from the views of the Bush administration, and are unacceptable, regardless of party.
Rather than leading us to learn to like Hillary, we learned, as Conor Lynch discussed, how the Democratic Party does not represent our values. He pointed out areas where Obama has continued the policies of the Bush administration, and Hillary Clinton is significantly to the right of him. He concluded:
How much will partisan Democrats be willing to forgive a Hillary Clinton administration? Many neoconservatives have already admitted that they prefer Clinton over Trump. At this rate, Clinton could fulfill most of Trump's reactionary platform and still find widespread support among the Democratic faithful.
Earlier this week, the Clinton campaign accused Sanders "of trying to convince the next generation of progressives that the Democratic party is corrupt." But do progressives really need to be persuaded that the Democratic Party is part of a corrupt political system, or that it is more reactionary than progressive on many issues? This is self-evident, and the Democratic party has done an excellent job over the past few decades making that case itself. The question is: how long will Democratic voters remain blindly loyal to their party?
Hillary Clinton probably could move the country much further to the right than Donald Trump or any Republican can. The same partisan Democrats who would loudly protest conservative actions from Republicans will defend the same actions if promoted by Hillary Clinton. We already saw how much Bill Clinton moved the country to the right when he was president.
Sanders recently warned that his supporters will not necessarily support Clinton. The Washington Post reports today that Sanders said he "would wait to see what Hillary Clinton includes in her platform before deciding how actively to campaign for her in the fall, if she is the party's nominee."
"I want to see the Democratic party have the courage to stand up to big money interests in a way that they have not in the past, take on the drug companies, take on Wall Street, take on the fossil-fuel industry, and I want to see them come up with ideas that really do excite working families and young people in this country," Sanders said.
The problem is that, regardless of what the platform says, Clinton will probably do what she chooses if elected. When hearings were underway to confirm her as Secretary of State there were concerns about conflicts of interest. In response to such concerns, Clinton agreed to divulge the names of all contributors to the Foundation while she was in office. Clinton failed to provide this information, while making unethically making decisions regarding parties which were contributing to the Foundation, or paying Bill unprecedented amounts of money to give speeches. She has continued this pattern of unethical behavior after leaving office. In order to promote increased transparency after the Bush years, Obama instituted stricter rules to limit the use of private email, which Clinton then violated.
If Hillary Clinton failed to abide by rather limited agreements to act in an ethical fashion before she was confirmed as Secretary of State, why should anyone believe she will pay attention to any progressive planks she allows in the Democratic platform in order to obtain the support of Bernie Sanders? She has demonstrated too many times that she cannot be trusted–and certainly should not be trusted with the powers of the presidency.
Posted in Barack Obama, Bernie Sanders, Bill Clinton, Civil Liberties, Donald Trump, Foreign Policy & National Security, George Bush, Hillary Clinton, Politics, Scandals. Tags: Barack Obama, Bernie Sanders, Bill Clinton, Donald Trump, Hillary Clinton, Iraq, Libya, Politics, Scandals, Syria. 22 Comments »
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The year is 2071. A catastrophic accident has left the Earth and Moon badly damaged, so Humanity has moved out into the Solar System and colonized Mars, Venus, the moons of Jupiter and Saturn, and the asteroid belt. Travel around the system is accomplished quickly through an intricate network of hyperspace jump gates. Meanwhile, the gap between rich and poor has widened, fostering the growth of a thriving black market dominated by warring crime syndicates. Against this backdrop, Cowboy Bebop's storyline follows Spike Spiegel and Jet Black, one a former assassin and the other an ex-cop, who hop around the system in their beat-up spacecraft (the Bebop) earning a meager living as bounty hunters. Over the course of the series, additional characters end up tagging along too, including the femme fatale Faye Valentine, a genetically-engineered and hyper-intelligent Corgi dog named Ein (a nod to Albert Einstein), and a preteen girl/computer hacker named Ed. Naturally, the criminals that Spike and Jet look to capture seldom go down easy. Many of the show's episodes (here called Sessions) feature stories driven by the character's pasts coming back to haunt them. Genuine villains emerge as well, including a former friend of Spike's who is now determined to kill him.
Part of what makes Cowboy Bebop so interesting is the way it seems to defy convention. The show isn't a typically-impenetrable Japanese anime. You don't need to know much about Japanese culture to appreciate the show, nor is it purely Western. It essentially creates its own new hybrid international culture of the future. Bebop's stories are strongly character driven, but combines aspects of many familiar genres including science fiction, western, film noir, comedy, thriller, hardboiled detective and cop fare, Hong Kong action, kung fu, and even Blaxploitation cinema. The future it depicts can rightly be called post-apocalyptic, but it's not really dark or depressing – this is a society that's simply adjusted and moved on. The series also features a terrific soundtrack that blends jazz, blues, rock, classical, and other musical genres. This is readily apparent right from the show's opening theme, a snappy little number called Tank! by the Seatbelts (led by composer Yoko Kanno, who was also the composer for the series). Much as Bebop was influenced by international cinema, it went on to have an strong influence of its own. Fans of Joss Whedon's Firefly, for example, will quickly recognize Bebop's genre-bending style and tone.
The video quality of the episodes on FUNimation's new Blu-ray release is excellent. Thankfully, the show is presented in its original 1.33:1 aspect ratio. All of the original film footage has been scanned in high-definition and looks quite good. I should note here that the episodes are in full 1080p on these discs, not interlaced like the UK Blu-ray release. Colors are vibrant and well saturated, and contrasts are nicely rendered too, with deep blacks. There's even a little bit of film grain visible. Select visual effects shots (notably scenes in space involving obvious CG rotating asteroids and the jump gates) are upconverted from standard definition, so some of the HD quality benefits are lost (and there's a little bit of banding here and there). But these shots are typically brief and relatively infrequent.
Audio-wise, both the original Japanese and English dubbed audio mixes are available in 5.1 Dolby TrueHD. Both mixes are of excellent quality, with great atmospheric use of the surround channels, the occasionally more aggressive directional cue, and excellent bass. The show's soundtrack is well represented in the mix, and the dialogue is always clear, clean, and discernable. I have to admit that, until reviewing this Blu-ray version, I'd never really listened to the show's English dubbed audio. It turns out that it's actually quite good. I still prefer the original Japanese of course, but you're not losing too much by listening to the English version. The English voice actors are good enough that this version actually has its own charms.
Disc One of the Blu-ray set includes Sessions 1-9, plus audio commentary with Koichi Yamadera (Spike) and Unsho Ishizuka (Jet) on Session #1, and audio commentary with Wendee Lee (the English voice of Faye) and ADR producer Yutaka Maseba on Session #2. The latter commentary is in English, while the first one is in Japanese, so English subtitles are provided as needed (they come on automatically when you select the relevant commentary).
Disc Two includes Sessions 10-18, plus audio commentary with Lee and Maseba on Session #10, and director Shinichirō Watanabe and composer Yoko Kanno on Session #17. Again, the first commentary is English, while the second one is Japanese with English subtitles.
Disc Three includes Sessions 19-26, plus audio commentary with Megumi Hayashibara (the original Japanese voice of Faye) and Aoi Tada (the Japanese voice of Ed) on Session #24 (Japanese with English subs), the Cowboy Bebop Session #0 featurette (22:30), video interviews with Wendee Lee (8:48) and Cartoon Network producer Sean Akins (4:07), the show's original opening and closing songs (with text and without), the original closing songs for Sessions 13 & 26 (with text and without), the U.S. Blu-ray trailer for the series, and trailers for other FUNimation anime titles. All of the video extras are in 1080p except for Session #0 and the two video interviews, which are SD.
Disc Four includes the all-new Memo from Bebop: The Dub Sessions Remembered retrospective documentary featuring the English voice cast (including Lee, Steve Blum (Spike), Beau Billingslea (Jet), Melissa Fahn (Ed), Paul St. Peter (Vicious), and English voice director Mary Elizabeth McGlynn (also the voice of Julia) among others – 94:48), the Ein's Summer Vacation short (1:01), the all-new Dinner Aboard the Bebop "picnic table" discussion (67:39), and both the "full-size" and "UK Club Remix" versions of Tank! (the show's theme song). All of these extras are in HD.
As you can see from the disc breakdown, essentially all of the extras from the previous DVD versions of this series carry over here (with the exception of the Cartoon Network promos), and you get some new material as well. The two new documentary pieces are entertaining and unexpectedly comprehensive, but I will note that they're perhaps a bit too long. They're probably far more in-depth than you're going to really care about given that this is only the English dub cast. Still, I'm rarely one to complain about getting too much content, especially these days. (Hats off to FUNimation for going to the effort!) Each of the English dub cast members talks about their characters, the show itself, the story, favorite scenes and moments, what it was like to work with each other – pretty much everything you'd expect and then some is covered here. During the Dinner piece, the English voice actors are actually feasting on Beef with Bell Peppers, a reference that fans of the show will surely appreciate. They do a great deal of toasting, laughing, and reminiscing, and clearly get on well. Note that this is the same cast that voiced these characters for the dubbed-English version of the Cowboy Bebop: The Movie feature film, which is set right between the events of Sessions 22 and 23 of this series. (That's also available on Blu-ray at this link on Amazon – via Image Entertainment – and I definitely recommend that you pick it up).
This review covers the standard Blu-ray edition shown above. On a side note, if you buy either the deluxe Amazon-exclusive version or the deluxe FUNimation store-exclusive version, you get a DVD copy of the series as well as the Blu-ray. The Amazon package also includes a pair of artwork books – one color and one black and white. The FUNimation package, on the other hand, includes a set of character artwork cards and tri-fold packaging in the style of a vinyl LP.
Cowboy Bebop is a highly entertaining animated series and one of my all-time favorites. It also happens to be a great (and easily accessible) first experience for those of you new to Japanese anime. The story, the writing, voice acting, animation, editing, and music – all of it combines to produce a fantastic piece of entertainment that's simply not to be missed. Even if you're yet not a fan of Japanese anime, or Japanese TV and cinema in general, trust me – this series is well worth your time. What's more, I'm very pleased to say that there's never been a better way to experience it than FUNimation's new Blu-ray release.


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Intuit lifts yearly financial forecast, set stock split
By Michael Paige
Published: May 17, 2006 4:25 p.m. ET
MichaelPaige
LOS ANGELES (MarketWatch) -- Intuit Inc. INTU, +2.16% late Wednesday lifted its yearly financial forecast to a level that ranged above analysts' current average estimate. The company also said its board approved a two-for-one stock split, payable July 6. Intuit said it expects a profit for fiscal 2006 of $2.20 to $2.22 a share, reflecting the sale of a small unit, on revenue of $2.31 billion to $2.33 billion. Without items, the company puts its profit at $2.40 to $2.42 a share. The current average estimate is for a profit of $2.40 a share on revenue of $2.31 billion, according to Thomson First Call.
Intuit Inc. U.S.: Nasdaq: INTU
Volume 2.2M


Ever wonder if Joplin will get WiFi throughout the community? Let's talk about that - plus other ideas you have to get Joplin linked in through technology, data sharing & other techniques. The City of Joplin is exploring some possibilities & we want to hear from YOU on what the community needs are as we move forward to make Joplin a great place to live, work & play. Expanded Wi-Fi is one example how a Smart City benefits their community, residents and businesses. What else would be cool to have that makes life run smoother & more efficient? Join us & offer ideas & suggestions that could possibly be a part of Joplin's future! Can't be there in person but have some ideas? Then join our FB Live event during this time and get your ideas heard. Or check out meetings on April 30 or May 2 from 4:30 - 6:30 p.m.
Ever wonder if Joplin will get WiFi throughout the community? Let's talk about that - plus other ideas you have to get Joplin linked in through technology, data sharing & other techniques. The City of Joplin is exploring some possibilities & we want to hear from YOU on what the community needs are as we move forward to make Joplin a great place to live, work & play. Expanded Wi-Fi is one example how a Smart City benefits their community, residents and businesses. What else would be cool to have that makes life run smoother & more efficient? Join us & offer ideas & suggestions that could possibly be a part of Joplin's future! Can't be there in person but have some ideas? Then join our FB Live event during this time and get your ideas heard. Or check out meetings on the morning of April 27 or May 2 from 4:30 - 6:30 p.m.


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Naro Expanded Video raises almost $30K via Kickstarter in 2 days
What might be the largest video rental store still operating on the East Coast has raised enough money to prevent it from closing – at least for now.
By Elisha Sauers
Parlor on Granby plans to reopen in expanded space within Norfolk arts district
The Parlor on Granby, which closed in early November reportedly because of disputes with the landlord, has submitted plans to the Norfolk City Planning Commission to reopen about a half block across the street at the former Alchemy spot.
By Will Houp
Postal Service expands hours for holiday package delivery
Don't be surprised if you look out your front door early one morning, late in the evening or on a Sunday and see someone from the U.S. Postal Service. It's expanding holiday package delivery to meet the demand during this holiday season.
By Cindy Clayton


text:
Linderödsåsen é uma montanha de tipo horst da província histórica da Escânia.

O seu ponto mais alto tem 195 metros.

Esta montanha está localizada na proximidade de Kivik.

Montanhas da Suécia
Geografia da Escânia

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia