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Butler Creek: From Backwoods Hunting to National Competition
Starting with a single spark of innovation back in 1930's Montana, Butler Creek has evolved to offer a wide variety of magazines and accessories including straps, slings and magazine loaders that are at home on the range but built for high-speed performance when it matters most.
Butler Creek was eventually purchased by brothers Fred and Bill Heckman and named after the body of water that ran through their property in Jackson Hole, Wyoming.
Perhaps their most notable innovation, Butler Creek's 10/22 magazines are widely preferred by shooters as a reliable aftermarket upgrade to their favorite rimfire rifle.
Butler Creek's "Hot Lips" 10/22 magazines feature a separately molded, bright red insert composed of self-lubricating polymer that's guaranteed to work with all .22 LR ammunition on the market today—which is a big deal given the spotty reliability of some other 10/22 magazines.
Butler Creeks "Steel Lips" 10/22 magazines are engineered to suit the needs of serious competitive shooters. Instead of polymer inserts, they come with stainless steel inserts designed to prevent misfeeding for flawless performance. They're also guaranteed to function with all types of .22 LR ammunition.
Butler Creek's 10/22 magazines feature a patented system that allows 2 or 3 of them to be clipped together for improved capacity and easier handling. They also come with a one-year limited warranty to ensure reliable function and performance.
Scroll down to check out our Butler Creek magazines:
Butler Creek AR-15 .223, 5.56 ASAP Electronic Magazine Loader


A new Enforcement Weighting System will guide inspections in FY 2016. Under the new system, routine inspections are valued as one Enforcement Unit, while more complex categories are valued up to eight Enforcement Units. For example, process safety management inspections are seven units, workplace violence inspections are three units, and inspections involving a chemical for which there is no permissible exposure limit are also three units. Typically 40,000 inspections are made annually; under the new plan, the target will be measured in enforcement units.
New guidance helps small businesses comply with the agency's Confined Spaces in Construction Standard. Full enforcement of the standard for non-residential construction employers is in effect, but full enforcement for residential construction is delayed until Jan. 8.
The guidance on trenching and excavation activities is updated to include a section on the employer bidding process.
A July 22 memorandum revised the interpretation that exempted retail facilities from Process Safety Management (PSM) requirements. The new interpretation states that only facilities with North American Industry Classification System codes of 44 and 45 will be exempt; however, lawmakers feel the interpretation is arbitrary and there should be a formal rule making process. A new policy that will last through July 22, 2016 will focus efforts on compliance assistance and, in most cases, will not cite newly non-exempted facilities for failing to comply with the PSM rule.
The revised reporting requirements, effective Jan. 1, added a new requirement that employers report the hospitalization of a single employee – rather than three or more employees as previously required – as well as all amputations and loss of an eye. The result is the agency is receiving 200 to 250 new reports each week on top of the roughly 40 reports it already received under continuing rules.
Michigan OSHA has launched a Local Emphasis Program targeting enforcement activities on industries that recently have experienced an increase in injuries and illnesses. From Oct. 1 to Sept. 30, 2016, MIOSHA intends to inspect more than 50 siding, structural steel and pre-cast contractors at various jobsites.
After a criminal investigation by California OSHA, the San Francisco District Attorney has brought manslaughter charges against the employer and foreman of a 51-year-old carpenter at Versaggi Construction who was killed in a fall in December 2012. The charges relate to failing to provide fall protection and scaffolding violations.
Two Northern California construction companies have been issued total fines of more than $300,000 for allegedly exposing workers to cave-in hazards at a construction site. San Mateo, California-based EMI Design & Construction Inc. was fined $164,465 for 10 alleged workplace safety violations, while Salt Light Investments Inc. of Oakland, California, was fined $140,375 for three alleged violations.
A 33-year-old woman had two fingers amputated as she used a mechanical power press for the first time without proper training or safety guards at the Homerville facility of Bway and the company was cited for four repeated, 15 serious and three other-than-serious safety violations. SMX LLC, the staffing agency that employed the injured worker, was also cited for three serious and two other-than-serious safety violations. Proposed penalties for both companies total $217,720.
Arlington, Virginia-based Interstate Resources Inc., doing business as RB Lumber L.L.C., was cited for two repeated violations for failing to provide fall protection equipment to employees working and walking on top of machinery and for exposing workers to electrical hazards and faces fines of almost $60,000.
Apache Mills Inc., a floor mat manufacturer, was cited for failure to properly guard a machine as well as other violations, after an employee's hand was injected with hydraulic fluid while he was providing maintenance. Fines total $51,000.
Big Lot Stores in Danvers was fined $66,000 after an assistant manager was hospitalized when boxes of patio furniture and other stock fell on him. Similar violations were found in New York and Georgia stores in 2014, so the violations were considered repeat.
An inspection revealed that the Fish and Wildlife Service, an agency of the U.S. Department of the Interior, didn't follow federal guidelines for working in confined spaces at the hatchery. The private-sector penalty for the violations would be $70,500; however, fines aren't assessed for federal agencies.
An employee of glass manufacturer, Piramal Glass USA Inc., suffered third-degree burns on his legs and hands. The company faces proposed penalties totaling $122,000 for one willful, one repeated and six serious safety violations.
CBS Pilings Solutions Inc., was cited for improper rigging of the load, failing to train workers in struck-by hazards associated with working around cranes and suspended loads, and not removing all nonessential employees from the fall zone during crane operations following the death of a worker at a Nebraska job site. Proposed fines are $14,700.
Nebraska Railcar Cleaning Services, faces $963,000 in penalties after two employees died in an explosion. Seven egregious willful violations involving multiple instances of failing to monitor air quality properly in confined spaces and for not fit-testing employees required to use respirators in railcars were issued. The company was also placed in the Severe Violator Enforcement Program.
Endicott Clay Products, a brick manufacturing plant, was fined $15,300 after a 41-year-old worker was fatally crushed in a machine without required safety guards.
Brooklyn-based J&M Metro General Contracting Corp., faces $84,600 in proposed fines after an employee fell and died while raking freshly poured concrete at the unprotected 6th floor edge of a building under construction. The company received one willful violation for the lack of fall protection and five serious violations for other hazards.
General contractor Harco Construction LLC and subcontractor Sky Materials Corp.were indicted for manslaughter by the state, and face fines of $140,000 after a 22-year-old worker was killed in a trench collapse.
After a landscape employee's death from being stuck by a rock, Perry's Maintenance Inc., of Lockport, received one willful violation for failure to properly maintain equipment. Proposed penalties are $70,000.
Harden Furniture Inc. was cited for 25 serious violations of workplace safety standards during an inspection conducted under the National Emphasis Program on amputation risks. Proposed penalties are $106,200.
Following a trench collapse where an employee was rescued after being buried by a collapsing trench wall, Mark Mashuda Excavating Inc received two willful and one serious safety citations with fines totaling $147,000.
Arthur Funk & Sons received one willful citation, and Weaver Construction and Roofing one willful and two serious citations after a compliance officer observed employees of both companies working without fall protection and exposed to a 13-foot fall. Proposed penalties: $42,350 for Arthur Funk & Sons Inc.; $49,600 for Weaver Construction and Roofing Inc.
A 27-year-old furnace worker was killed in an explosion when a boiler lid, 20 feet in diameter, flew off inside the Morgantown TIMET titanium manufacturing plant. Proposed penalties total $42,000 for eight serious – including two general duty clause citations – and one other-than-serious citation.
Peak Roofing Inc., a Houston-based roofing company, was cited for one willful violation for exposing workers at an Abilene jobsite to falls from heights greater than 6 feet without providing fall protection. Proposed fine is $54,000.
Maverick Arms Inc., of Eagle Pass was cited for one willful and 23 serious violations for failing to reduce dangerous noise levels and exposing workers to electrical, fall and amputation hazards. Total proposed penalties are $197,000.
Detailed descriptions of the citations above and other OSHA citations can be found here.


The North Korean National Defense Commission said on Thursday that North Korea could carry on satellite launches and nuclear tests. This means to retaliate against the United States and indicates that Pyongyang intends to exchange nuclear program concessions for security guarantees from Washington, Russian State Duma International Affairs Committee First Deputy Chairman, political expert Vyacheslav Nikonov told Interfax on Thursday.
"North Korea is true to its logic. On the one hand, it demonstrates the preparedness for building up military might, which may be used in any military scenario," he said. "On the other hand, this is a "let's talk" appeal to Washington. From the point of view of the North Korean administration, this is the optimal policy."
"They view their missile as a political trump card that may be swapped if necessary. The same is true about nuclear ambitions. North Korea said more than once that it was ready to abandon them in exchange for security guarantees," Nikonov added.
"The North Korean administration - not so much Kim Jong-un as the Politburo, the national administration backbone, people who have been in office for decades - regards itself as a political survival champion that has outlived dozens of U.S. presidents and the Soviet Union disintegration. These people think of themselves as major politicians. They are convinced that security of the North Korea, a tiny state surrounded by hostile forces, depends on its own military might," the expert said.
Pyongyang is striving for "equal negotiations" with the United States but Washington is invariably avoiding such, he noted.
"What does the North Korea administration want? It wants a conversation with "the biggest boss," i.e. the United States of America, so to rule out a strike on North Korea. The conversation had been promised to Pyongyang multiple times but never happened. It is not quite clear how security guarantees could be given. The U.S. definitely does not want to give these guarantees to Pyongyang," he remarked.
On the whole, the North Korean situation looks rather complex, Nikonov said. "The statements of Pyongyang make the situation even more complicated because no one in the world supports North Korean tests of nuclear arms delivery vehicles," the deputy said.


Cave Gold training is an "unlimited course" that removes all restrictions from the Cave 3 certification. It develops the cave diver's multi-bottle cave diving proficiency. This very demanding cave training seeks to refine the cave diving techniques of divers who have mastered the requirements of Technical 2 and Cave 3. To succeed, students must be experienced in the fundamental aspects of cave diving and comfortable in the use of multiple stage and decompression bottles.
Training requirements include a minimum of 8 cave dives at a minimum of 3 different diving locations. Special emphasis will be placed on the demands of extended overhead penetration; advanced navigation techniques including traverses, circuits, and siphons; advanced gas management; restrictive passage negotiation procedures; precision propulsion techniques; decompression risk management and protocol; and extensive stage bottle management.
Cave Gold training is normally conducted over a 5-day period, and involves a minimum of 40 hours of instruction (lectures and in-water) designed to extend the diver's overhead skills and appreciation for the dangers, challenges and beauty of the cave environment.


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The Flood Control District is divided into four departments, each of which serves a unique function.
Although the Flood Control District serves the citizens of Alameda County, it is a completely separate legal entity from the County of Alameda. Many people often mistake or confuse the District with the Alameda County Public Works Agency (which is part of the County of Alameda).
The District relies on the staff of the Alameda County Public Works Agency to carry out its mission. Although staff is shared between the two entities, there is no legal link between the two.
Plans, designs, and secures clearance and permitting for flood control projects including:
Upgrades and repairs to older facilities
Restoration and enhancements to natural creeks or flood control channels and lakes
New infrastructure
Engineering staff also reviews preliminary Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Flood Insurance Studies, the basis for production of FEMA's Flood Insurance Rate Maps. Flood Control District input to these maps has saved thousands of property owners the cost of unnecessary flood insurance.
Staff use rainfall and stream flow data to update and calibrate stream flow models and rainfall statistics. To supplement the Flood Control District's network of rainfall gauges, the department oversees collection of rainfall data by volunteers throughout the county.
The District's Clean Water Program oversees the Alameda Countywide Clean Water Program and represents the county's unincorporated areas as one of 77 co-permittees regulated by the new joint Municipal Regional Stormwater Permit (MRP) issued under the federal NPDES (National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System) by the California Regional Water Quality Control Board of the San Francisco Bay Region. The program complies with federal and state requirements to improve water quality and better manage urban runoff. Clean Water staff also oversees permit compliance activities for the Flood Control District and unincorporated county areas.
Keeps rainwater moving from community streets to the San Francisco Bay by:
Inspecting over 500 miles of conduit, channel, and natural creeks and approximately 3,750 drop inlets
Clearing excess vegetation, sediment, and debris and keeping fences intact
Inspecting and repairing, as needed, the Flood Control District's 22 pump stations
Inspecting and maintaining over 3,700 County tide gates
Working with other District staff to plan flood control infrastructure upgrades
Maintenance and Operations staff keep the public safe by:
Providing hazardous spill response
Inspecting damaged trees and reducing fire hazards
Providing sand bag supplies
Serving as an Emergency Response Unit during natural disasters
The Land Development Division reviews all private and public developments in the county's unincorporated areas for compliance with accepted engineering standards, environmental requirements, and Flood Control District ordinances. Development Services staff review design documents and issue permits for new developments in the unincorporated areas.
The Construction Division inspects all flood control related construction in unincorporated areas to ensure that facilities are constructed in accordance with engineered plans. Laboratory testing and contract administration are also managed by this Division.
Handles the Flood Control District's human resources, accounting, information technology, and other administrative services.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


$15.00-$15.60 per hour. As an employee of Integrity Staffing you may also be eligible for medical and dental benefits.
•Safety, it's more than wearing a reflective vest. We partner with the world's largest e commerce company to provide one of the safest work environments, which means stretching, safety tips, and yes…following the rules.
•Customer-obsession. It makes your day to make someone else happy.
•Quality is key. You have high standards, and it shows in your work. We'll hold you to it, but only because we know our associates can handle it.
•Can you hear me now? Noise level varies and can sometimes be loud.
•Cool with casual. A relaxed dress code means it's Casual Friday every day.
•Flexibility is key, associates should be open to extra hours, time off, and a rapid pace.
•Temperature in the fulfillment center may vary between 60 and 90 degrees, and will occasionally exceed 90 degrees.
•Got it? Okay, but what will you actually be doing?
•You've got mail. Receive products using frequency scanners and unload shipments from trucks.
•Cozy kicks. You'll stand in one place for extended periods of time, and be walking a good distance around the facility – good shoes are a must!
•Hands-on experience. You can expect to handle packages from small envelopes to boxes ranging up to 49 pounds.
•On the move. You should be willing and able to operate carts, dollies, hand trucks and other moving equipment to move large quantities of merchandise.
•Potential opportunity to operate PIT equipment; special training is offered to associates based on interest and availability.
•You must be able to read and take direction in English.
If you've read this far, we think you're ready. Agree? Apply now!
We are currently collecting applications as we await upcoming labor needs from our client.
Be the first in line to get a call as soon as jobs become available. We have an application that takes no more than a couple of minutes to complete. This way we have all of your information and can alert you the minute a job opens up. We promise to contact you by phone, text or email, as soon as jobs become available.
All job offers at are contingent upon successfully passing a background check and drug screening.
Integrity Staffing is an Equal Opportunity Employer.


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Q: ionic serve command does not start ionic app I am new in ionic framework. I have node js 6.8.1 installed in my computer. I tried to create an ionic project. Here are the commands I used:
npm install -g cordova

npm -install -g ionic

ionic start myapp blank

cd myapp

ionic serve

but every time I try this last command, this error message appears:

Couldn't find ionic.config.json file. are you in an ionic project?

I tried many times with different versions of node. How can I correct it?

A: ionic start yourAppName blank

*

*Move to your app project folder and add a platform: For example: android or Ios Use the following commands.
ionic platform add android
And for ios, if you are using a mac for development then..
ionic platform add ios

*And Type: ionic serve --lab To load the app in your browser.. To build the apk use the command ionic build android or ionic build ios

*To run on the app on your phone.. connect the phone with a USB Cable and enable developer option on your phone. Then use the command ionic run android or ionic run ios to install the app on your phone (or iphone for ios app).

*To run the app on the emulator : ionic emulate android

Please use - ionic to start and not npm... in your code :)
  Hope this helps.. A small Typo... :)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


On at the Mori Art Museum until March, 'The 500 Arhats' is contemporary art superstar Takashi Murakami's first solo show in Japan in 14 years, so it's no wonder that the exhibition has been a raging success so far. The display's also spawned a number of related events, the tastiest of those being this ultra-cute pop-up café at Roppongi Hills. Stop by for omu rice, burgers, cakes and more decorated with Murakami's signature flower theme, but consider heading over early in the day: some of the dishes are limited to 20 servings per day. The on-site shop sells cuddly toys bearing the same happy and colourful characteristics.
Note that food orders are only taken until one hour before the café closes.


While there are umpteen claims that invalidate the split brain theory, it is important to note that being branded as left or right brained does not imply that an employee is incapable of performing the other half tasks. It simply signifies that the particular hemisphere is dominant in its functioning.
Still, this theory has some interesting applications in the modern-day organisations. Given the challenges hiring managers' face today in zeroing in on the perfect talent, an organisation can prefer to have a candidate's brain orientation assessed before bringing him on board. Accordingly, the work allocation could be made in the hop that armed with such an assessment; the job outcome would be far superior to what can be achieved with random allocation of tasks. Assessments would undoubtedly help in optimizing an employee's functional capability. Such careful allocation of candidates to roles, could undoubtedly, drive better business results for the organisation.
That said job allocation and responsibility should always be based on holistic assessment of skills, rather than dominant brain activity, alone. Nevertheless, knowing the dominant brain is a good indicator of the possibilities worth exploring.
Verbal Questionnaires: A series of verbal questions on the person's reactions to daily chores. A proprietary algorithm then processes the responses to arrive at a conclusion.
Pictorial Quizzes: The written questions get replaced by pictures and symbols. Here too, the individual is asked to answer each questions and the algorithm pops the conclusion.
Mix of verbal and pictorial elements: The mixed ones are proprietary in nature and charge a fee depending upon multiple parameters. This set is considered more accurate than the plain vanilla ones due to their holistic approach.
It is often said that the human brain is the last frontier for mankind to unravel. Yet it's not recommended to brand an employee based only on the outcome of an online test, and the hiring or performance manager, must have the score validated with other assessments. The final findings should be treated as indicative and not prescriptive of an employee's personal capabilities, strengths and weaknesses to permanently decide what roles and responsibilities should be allocated.


Model CLAIRE chair with solid wood frame and upholstered seat/backrest. Wide backrest.
Recalling the Nordic tradition, the CLAIRE chair is an elegant symbol of design and maximum comfort thanks to its wide, curved, wrap-around backrest. The sturdy frame and the legs are made of ash wood, while the contoured seat and the backrest are upholstered and covered in "Vera Pelle" (genuine leather).


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Genetically engineered to fight cancer
Annual Report 2018 : Genetically engineered to fight cancer
BY Linda Gilchriest
Misha Hawkins consults with patient Robin Bartels, who traveled from his hometown of Munich, Germany, to receive CAR T-cell therapy at MD Anderson. Photo by Nick de la Torre
Misha Hawkins holds the distinction of being the first cell-therapy coordinator in MD Anderson's Lymphoma and Myeloma department, where she works with patients who are enrolled in clinical trials that focus on a form of immunotherapy known as CAR T-cell therapy.
This promising new cancer treatment takes immune cells – the cells that fight invaders like viruses, bacteria and cancer – from a patient's bloodstream, then reprograms them to recognize and attack a specific protein found in cancer cells. The souped-up immune cells are then reinfused into the patient's bloodstream where they attack and destroy tumor cells. The Food and Drug Administration approved the treatment in October 2017."I take care of patients from referral to 30 days after infusion," Hawkins says.
"As my department's first cell-therapy coordinator, I was tasked with getting the program up and running," Hawkins says.
This involved administrative duties such as creating the cost estimate for treatment, working with the hospital's legal department on patient consent forms, and consulting with the pharmacy to ensure the proper drugs were on hand.
Hawkins also created an educational guide for patients and established a communications network that encompassed all the interdisciplinary teams that provide services to MD Anderson's CAR T-cell patients.
"Because I was the first person in this role, I established the structure and the day-to-day workflow for delivering this therapy when it was introduced at MD Anderson," Hawkins says. "It's continuing to evolve."
Hawkins first came to MD Anderson after graduating with a bachelor's degree in nursing from The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston. She worked as a charge nurse on the lymphoma floor, and today works with many of the same doctors she worked with then.
A fulfilling new career
She's a "second-career" nurse. Her first job was with a law firm where she worked as a project coordinator and honed the organizational skills needed in her current position. Earning a master's degree in nursing administration from The University of Texas at Arlington helped further sharpen her skills.
"My role at MD Anderson takes a lot of balance and coordination," Hawkins says.
MD Anderson's first CAR T-cell patient received an infusion from Sattva Neelapu, M.D., professor of Lymphoma and Myeloma, and continues to do well.
Hawkins stays in touch with the patient and his family.
"Family support is so important when you're dealing with cancer," she says. "It can make the road to recovery a little less bumpy."
Hawkins is the mother of 2- and 6-year-old boys, and credits her late mother for instilling in her the drive and passion that led to her success.
"She was very driven and very strong. I do have a lot of her ambition and passion. My mom died right when I found out I was pregnant with my first son. I see so much of her in him. My husband and I joke that he's been here before."


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Ivan Herrera, Digital Journalist
Published: January 20, 2021, 6:24 PM
Updated: January 20, 2021, 6:57 PM
Tags: coronavirus, san antonio, Ron Nirenberg, Nelson Wolff
Coronavirus update San Antonio, Jan. 20: Leaders report 850 new COVID-19 cases, 18 new deaths
7-day moving average of cases is 1,966
Published: January 20, 2021, 6:24 PM Updated: January 20, 2021, 6:57 PM
SAN ANTONIO – San Antonio Mayor Ron Nirenberg and Bexar County Judge Nelson Wolff updated the community about the local response to COVID-19 in their daily briefing Wednesday night.
Nirenberg reported 153,081 total COVID-19 cases and 1,840 total deaths in Bexar County, an increase of 850 new cases as of Wednesday. Eighteen new deaths were reported today.
The 7-day moving average of cases is 1,966.
City officials also reported that 1,466 patients are hospitalized, 452 are in the intensive care unit and 247 are on ventilators. There are 10% of staffed beds available and 49% of ventilators available.
There were 174 hospital admissions in the last 24 hours, Nirenberg said.
Wolff said officials are working to ramp up COVID-19 vaccine distribution at the Wonderland Mall site by Feb. 8, but more supply of the vaccine would be needed.
MORE CORONAVIRUS COVERAGE FROM KSAT:
Where to get tested for COVID-19 in San Antonio, Bexar County
Keep track of when and where the COVID-19 vaccine is being distributed in Texas
Track daily spikes in COVID-19 cases in San Antonio, Bexar County
Ivan Herrera
Ivan Herrera has worked as a journalist in San Antonio for four years. Using his graduate degree in business from UTSA, he developed "Money: It's Personal," a weekly series that airs on GMSA at 9 on Tuesdays. The series breaks down personal finance topics into easy explainers. Before living in SA, Ivan covered border news in the Rio Grande Valley.


29 January 2019 - China's apparel exports have returned to positive territory in 2018, after falling for years. Shipments have however begun declining in November and December, mostly due to a significant decline of sales to the European Union. China's share of US and EU markets remains predominant, with Vietnam and Bangladesh still far behind the historical leader. Our statistical series provide a comprehensive picture of China's clothing exports in 3rd quarter 2018, with value changes per destination. Export data are also available over a 4-year period. In addition, the report includes a comprehensive review of US and EU imports from China per product category.


INDEPENDENCE, Ohio, March 22 – Colorado Governor Jared S. Polis signed a two-person crew bill into law on March 21, signifying a significant boost to railroad safety in the state.
"Senator Jessie Danielson, endorsed by the Colorado State Legislative Board in 2016 for her House reelection campaign and again in 2018 in her state Senate election, and a proven and tenacious labor advocate while she was in the Colorado House, was the prime sponsor of the Bill in the Senate," Brother Pearson said. He testified in support of the Bill before the Senate's Transportation and Energy Committee also. Brother Pearson said that after a couple of tense votes on the Senate floor, and after a final vote back in the House, the bill was approved and sent to the desk of Governor Polis for a signature on March 11, 2019.
Brother Pearson thanked President Pierce and the BLET National Division for its support, along with Vice President and National Legislative Representative John Tolman for valuable guidance from the BLET's National Legislative Office in Washington, D.C.
President Pierce said that thanks to the hard work of the BLET's State Legislative Board Chairmen, more than a dozen states have introduced minimum crew size legislation this year, including Texas, Nebraska, New Mexico, Georgia, Ohio, Illinois, Minnesota, Michigan, and Kentucky.


Life is a cycle, let's experience it by eating over decomposing food!
Learn what can be composted and how to compost it. We will show you how to use bokashi and worms to compost indoors.
One foot in art, one foot in science (I have a PhD in plant science), the head in stars, I try to keep an uncertain balance. I worked with microalgae, installed as a mobile or on a split object, with airborne microorganisms -growing over a 10-foot specific fabric, floating, – or with micro propagated cultures of genetically modified plants, plastic, found phones etc, to create a man-made man. My works are a reflection about the world we construct around us to "protect" us, the man-made nature we try to impose to the other organisms, and to ourselves, our fears of any organisms – specially the smallest and invisible ones- we cannot dominate or control, but that are intimately in us.
Born in France and living in Montreal, Canada, I am affiliated to Milieux, the Institute for Arts Culture and Technology at Concordia University, in the Lab Cluster. I am an inviting researcher at in the Art department as, and at Nature lab -Troy.


On behalf of Daughtry, Woodard, Lawrence, & Starling on Friday, November 23, 2018.
The holiday season is the perfect time to bring people closer together. Unfortunately, it also brings thousands of drivers and their vehicles closer together as well. In the last 5 years, December has had the third most amount of reported motor vehicle crashes out of all the months in North Carolina.
On behalf of Daughtry, Woodard, Lawrence, & Starling on Thursday, November 15, 2018.
The holiday season can be one of the most hectic times of the year for almost any worker. Retail and grocery stores have to work extra hours to satisfy the excess of shoppers coming, and employees with families have to make plans for their days off to travel or spend time with their children. The roads will fill with those performing their holiday errands or travelers coming to see their relatives.


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Home » A Call for Moral Leadership: Imagining a New Heroism
A Call for Moral Leadership: Imagining a New Heroism
A Reflection on the 2007 Pew Research Center report about Muslims in America, by Professor Ingrid Mattson of Hartford Seminary.
Ingrid Mattson is also an ING advisor.
This week the Pew Research Center released a report about Muslim Americans. I was among a group of academics who were consulted by the Pew as they were preparing a list of questions to be included in their poll. We academic advisors had no control over the final shape of the questionnaire, nor over the final analysis offered by Pew. Over the next year, we will see a number of experts in polling challenge some of the methods employed by Pew as well as their conclusions. Most scholars of American Islam are convinced that Pew's estimate of the number of Muslim Americans is extremely low. The study simply does not take into account the extent to which Muslims withhold identifying their religious identity out of fear that this information will be misused.
At this point, however, the most pressing concern is finding ways to contextualize the data. Pew presents comparative data in some cases, such as the finding that roughly the same numbers of Muslim Americans and Christian Americans think of themselves as "Muslim" or "Christian," rather than "American" first. However, as Glenn Greenwald discusses in his analysis of the study on Salon.com (www.salon.com/opinion/greenwald/?last_story=/opinion/greenwald/2007/05/23/polls/) relevant comparisons for Americans' approval of the use of violence for what they consider just causes are lacking.
It is these statistics that are the most disturbing. As a Muslim leader, I am disturbed that 7% of Muslim Americans say that "suicide bombings against civilian targets" are "sometimes justified." How could those who claim to follow Muhammad reject his explicit teachings on this topic? And what am I to make of the fact that according to the University of Maryland, 51% of Americans believe that "bombings and other types of attacks against civilians are sometimes justified"? I am simply dumbfounded that according to a 2005 Pew poll, a majority of American Catholics and White Protestants think that "the use of torture against suspected terrorists in order to gain important information" can "often" or "sometimes" be justified. How could those who claim to worship Jesus, who was tortured by political authorities, accept the torture of human beings?
What all of this demonstrates, more clearly than ever before, is that at the beginning of the twenty-first century, the moral leadership of our religious and political leaders is clearly deficient. We have allowed the appropriation of sinful and immoral means for political ends. By abandoning faith for "necessity dictates exception" we have thrown ethical constraints to the wayside. We have made our "interests" into idols, obeying their demands and not the demands of our Creator. In our tribal zeal, we violate the God-given dignity of other humans. Our creative potential that could be directed towards resolving disputes is put to work to find ways to punish each other – with explosive belts, cluster bombs and electric shocks. The "enemy" does not deserve any mercy from us – they are "animals," "uncivilized," "infidels." In our (American) hands detainees are deprived of the basic rights afforded by the Geneva Convention; in our (Muslim) hands prisoners are deprived of the protection afforded by the sacred law. As they say in the movies, "the gloves are off."
The truth is, there has never been a ticking time-bomb and torture has never saved a city. This happens only on TV. In real life, there is only pain, agony, burning flesh, deep and abiding humiliation.
Now consider this scenario: A red-eyed, scruffy man set his sights on the enemy. For many years, he has been a disappointment to himself and his family. His life has never been the same since he was detained and mistreated by the enemy years earlier. He is bitter. For years he has not been able to hold a steady job. He can not provide a good home for his children. What kind of man is he? He has not been able to protect himself and he can not protect his children. He has no dignity, no honor.
But suddenly he has the chance to change that. He has a chance to be a hero. By a twist of fate, only he is positioned to strike at a vital power center of the enemy. This would be no ordinary operation. To succeed, he would have to sacrifice his life. He would have to fly his plane into the enemy stronghold. The exploding plane would destroy them. It would destroy him too. It would be worth it. He would become a hero. He had been a victim of aggression, humiliated, powerless. Now he was powerful. Now he could make an impact. A big impact. Everyone cheered his sacrifice. Only with his death did his life now have meaning.
The man on this suicide mission was not a Muslim. He was Russell Casse (played by Randy Quaid) – the disillusioned patriot who redeems his life with a suicide mission in the 1996 film Independence Day.
But this is just a movie. Real suicide bombings are not targeted at aliens (only "aliens"). The martyr and his target do not explode into the heavens with a glorious light. Rather, nails and screws pierce the eyes, hands, abdomens of children and elderly women whose flesh burns and lungs gasp for a last breath.
Everyone wants to be a hero. So much of popular culture gives us a demonically false narrative of heroism. For those of lesser means, there is the internet, where "martyrdom" narratives are constructed. In a world apparently out of control, the false hero takes control through unmitigated force. Here is the sin. False heroism is about the inflation of the ego. It is achieved by imagining oneself, over and over, at the center of a dramatic, violent story (we have seen this clearly with the Virginia Tech shooter).
Authentic religion teaches one to imagine the other – to consider another's vulnerability and humanity. The beginning of ethics is this transcendent imagination. Exclusivist, triumphalist communal identities (religious or political) block this imaginative capacity.
In their primary debates, the Republican candidates, with one exception, eagerly supported the use of torture. Only John McCain, who did not need to engage his imagination, but only his memory of torture, rejected it. Our political leaders are failing as moral leaders. For their part, a number of popular preachers in the Muslim world demonstrate a similar lack of imagination. A clear violation of Islamic ethics in the acceptance of suicide bombing is easier for them to accept than an imaginative rethinking of communal identities.
We need to restate our position that "any means necessary" is not heroic, it is not manly, it is immoral and sinful. Moral leaders need to engage the imagination of their communities to, at the very least, understand what it would feel like to be the victim of torture, cluster bombing or a terrorist bombing at our (American, Israeli, Muslim) hands. Here, there is a perfect opportunity for cooperation and common ground between moral leaders and artists – secular or religious. We need their stories, their plays and their films that allow us to imagine being in the position of the other.
Here there is a complication. It is clear from the evidence left behind by the London suicide bombers that their imaginative capacity was fully engaged. They would imagine, over and over, what is would feel like to be a Palestinian youth humiliated at an Israeli checkpoint. They imagined how it would feel to be a Muslim prisoner at Gitmo, shackled and humiliated while the holy Qur'an was defiled. Filled with outrage and a zeal to act, they struck out.
What they did not imagine was how a young British girl would feel, when a bomb exploded in the underground and she burned to death. They did not imagine what it would feel like to be an elderly man choking on the smoke, despairing of dying in a dark tunnel. An ident
ity that denies the brotherhood of humanity leads to such demonic ends.
What this means is that our narratives – the narratives we tell from the pulpits and minbars – as well as from the politician's podium – need to begin from the assertion of the God-given dignity of all human beings. Then we need to engage this imaginative capacity to call for a robust heroism that is fully-grounded in morality. The hero who resists oppression, not least of all, the oppression he is tempted to inflict upon others.


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Q: Confusion on linear transformation theorem Suppose that $T$ is a one-to-one transformation. Show that if the set of images
${T(v_1), ..., T(v_p)}$ is linearly dependent, then ${v_1, ..., v_p}$ is linearly dependent. Why would this imply $T$ maps a linearly independent set onto a linearly independent set.

Since ${T(v_1), ..., T(v_p)}$ is linearly dependent then
$0 = c_1T(v_1)+...+c_pT(v_p)$
$0 = T[c_1(v_1)+...+c_p(v_p)]$

Theorem 11: Let $T:\mathbb{R^n}->\mathbb{R^m}$ be a linear
  transformation. Then $T$ is one-to-one iff the equation $T(x)=0$ has
  only the trivial solution.

I'm confused on how Theorem 11 doesn't conflict with the problem. Since the problem said that T is a one-to-one transformation then wouldn't that mean that $\{c_1v_1,...,c_pv_p\}$ has only the trivial solution for when $0 = T[c_1(v_1)+...+c_p(v_p)]$ and is therefore linearly independent?

A: There is no problem. Since $\left\{T(v_1), ..., T(v_p)\right\}$ is linearly independent there exists a non-trivial combination $$c_1T(v_1)+...+c_pT(v_p)=0.$$
From this you indeed conclude that $T(c_1v_1+...+c_pv_p)=T(0)=0$. By the theorem $c_1v_1+...+c_pv_p=0$, thus they are linearly dependent since there is a non-trivial linear combination that gives $0$. Which you needed to show. This is correct.
Taking the contrapositive of the first statement you see that linearly independent sets get mapped to linearly independent sets if $T$ is injective.


Are there any ex-New Yorkers around? I was thinking it would be great to meet up!
Yo, I lived in NYC for like 5 years. If you want to meet sometime you can give me a ring at 15.5344.8903 later!
Yo.... NYCgirl, since you brought up the subject how about all of us meeting at the expat dinner next Fri.18? I`ll be there, and who else? If so, sign up, and vote for your prefered venue.


The Menace can be ordered with a black emitter or a silver emitter. Additionally you can also opt to have windows in the emitter or no windows in the emitter. You can see these different emitter types in the product pictures featured in the product description.
If a type is not listed as an option here then we are out of stock on it. Please email us for more info on availability.


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Turja (ryska: Турья) är ett vattendrag i Belarus.   Det ligger i voblasten Minsks voblast, i den centrala delen av landet,  km sydväst om huvudstaden Minsk.

Trakten runt Turja består till största delen av jordbruksmark. Runt Turja är det ganska glesbefolkat, med  invånare per kvadratkilometer.  Trakten ingår i den hemiboreala klimatzonen. Årsmedeltemperaturen i trakten är  °C. Den varmaste månaden är juli, då medeltemperaturen är  °C, och den kallaste är januari, med  °C.

Källor

Vattendrag i Minsks voblast

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Australian International Documentary Conference (AIDC) and Screen Producers Association of Australia (SPAA) have in partnership launched P2P:Co-create, a networking platform bringing together Australia's leading factual content producers with the global market.
P2P:Co-create aims to spark and facilitate new co-production opportunities. Developed in response to the growing demand for Australian production companies to engage with a global market, P2P:Co-create is designed for Australian producers to meet and explore projects with potential co-production partners in an exclusive environment.
This new initiative is an ideal opportunity for international production companies seeking Australian co-production partners. It also offers an excellent opportunity for Australian companies to present their development slate to broadcasters.
Australian and International P2P:co-create company representatives will be attending the upcoming AIDC being held in Adelaide at the Hilton for 1 – 4 March.
"SPAA is pleased to participate in this great initiative that provides targeted opportunities for selected companies to expand their international networks, and we hope it will lead to some great co-productions with lasting partnerships. AIDC is the perfect platform for this initiative." added Geoff Brown, Executive Director of SPAA.
The Australian companies already involved in P2P: co-create span factual features, television and interactive digital programs for public and commercial broadcasters and the internet. The companies are well established and set up to facilitate international co-production arrangements.
P2P:co-create is open to participation from international production companies and international producer delegations invited to AIDC.
International production companies from Malaysia, Canada, United Kingdom, United States and New Zealand will be attending AIDC 2011.


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Acropora Research Paper
Acropora are from the Subclass Zoantharia and the Order Scleractinia. They are found in upper reef slopes, where the current is very strong. Some species are also found in deep water, lagoons, and silted water. Acropora corals are the largest, most contributing coral for reef formations in the world. In the wild they are the most tolerant of water temperatures, salinity changes, water movement, and lighting, but in captivity they can prove to be very difficult to keep. In the ocean, they are the first to arrive at a reef and spread quickly.
Acanthaster Planci Research Paper
These corals provide both the habitat for the crown-of-thorns and also are a major food source for the sea stars (Australian Government 2015). These Acropora species are major reef builders and grow quickly, which aids in establishing reef communities and locations. These coral species are commonly found within shallow reef groups (between 2 - 12 metres deep), where plenty of light is able to penetrate the water (Hemond et al 2014). In these shallow areas, there is a high level of water movement, whether tidal or from waves. Crown-of-thorns sea stars must be able to tolerate these levels of movement, and the other environmental impacts coral reefs carry. These areas are very prone to weather damage, temperature variations and low levels of nutrients (Ramos-Silva et al 2014), and all the animals that cohabitate on coral reefs have to adapt to these
The Evolution of Animals Essay
Beginning about 1850 Ma, we find acritarchs, spherical microfossils with thick and complex organic walls. They are probably dinoflagellates that spent most of their life floating in the plankton.
Apachain Research Paper
This proposal is to help bring to life the Semester on the Appalachain, a semester long expedition on the Appalachian Trail for a group of ten participants, in order to provide an environment that can not be replicated in a typical classroom setting. In the proposal, it will provide research on the benefits of experiential and expedition education, improvement on psychological health, and organizations that run similar programs.
Abida Research Paper
A mysterious and strange malady arrives in the small American town of Abida which can be found on an island off the coast of the New England region. The island is somewhat isolated, most political matters are handled locally between it's people, this is due to the islands history. The people of Abida are the final result of successful human amalgamation between slave and owner with many of which who still holds on to their eccentric ancestral beliefs that revolve around "the old ways". This causes many to rarely visit or leave the island and as a consequence Abida is flung into a realm of enigma lying beyond the fringes of the New Englander's conscience. Without the aid of the mainland however, the disease, which is referred to locally as "scourge" takes large sections of
Ardipithecus Research Paper
Ardipithecus has been discovered, an Ancestor that dates back prior to the remains of Lucy. In the article written by Ann Gibbons and others, it dives into the discovery of our most ancient ancestor and the clues given to us from all 110 remains that have been found of A. ramidus. First let me begin with Lucy whose remains were found in 1974 and that dated back to 3.2 million years ago. These skeletal remains gave us the evidence needed to prove that our ancient ancestors were bipedal before evolving their big brains. After Lucy was discovered the scientist found themselves with even more questions, such as, were any previous ancestors before Lucy bipedal or did
Abina Research Paper
Although slavery had been abolished in Abina's region since 1874, she was still bought and treated as a slave. With the rise in demand for palm oil, which at the time was used as lubricant in factories, the need for slaves increased.
Ashlie Research Paper
Good, friendly, outgoing, and interesting people are hard to come by. When you walk into a room and see everyone, who do you choose to sit by, talk to, or hangout with? Most people choose the person that has that bright friendly face or has that infectious outgoing personality. Fortunately, I was able to find three people that I thought were extremely friendly to interview.
Acsm Research Paper
In 1954 ACSM (American College of Sports Medicine) was founded. It is the largest sports medicine and exercise science program in the world. The ACSM was started by people who want to change the lifestyles of others and help make them healthier; they ACSM program has over 50,000 members. Their members put their knowledge and training into helping others gain a healthier life. As students we are provided opportunities through ACSM. Some of the opportunities we are provided are, resources to extend our learning, for example you could contact a professional in the field that you wish to learn more about. ACSM also offers many employment opportunities as well as being able to attend or present your information at a Conference. Not only do ACSM offer those opportunities but they offer scholarships as well. One of the initiatives ACSM has is called, Everybody Walk, it is a
Aylor Research Paper
Human activity has changed Aylor almost entirely. It has started as a swamp, but human activity has changed the biome entirely from swampland to deciduous forest. The area around Aylor used to have moist soil. Now, the soil is prone to dry periods. Some of the soil has cracks in it. There used to be all sorts of vegetation and animal life, from dragonflies to cattail plants. Now, there is virtually no cattail plants, but there is now grass and weeds such as dandelions. The animal life is now replaced by various insects and the occasional bird. The ecosystem has changed so vastly that I, along with my classmates, could not tell at all that Aylor used to be a swamp until we were told.
Coral Reefs Essay examples
Coral reefs are one of the oldest types of living systems on earth, and certainly one of the most spectacular (Goreau, 1987). They are massive underwater structures formed by the limestone skeletons of tiny invertebrate animals. Reefs house a greater diversity of body forms, chemistry, and animal phyla (thirty-two compared to the eight that inhabit the most biodiversity ecosystems on land). Phyla comprise the second largest category of living things, after kingdoms.
Amphora Research Paper
I chose the amphora from the Museum of Classical Archaeology that has a Roman date. During the Bronze Age was when the Greco-Roman word, amphora, developed in ancient Greek. An amphora is a large vessel used for storage and transport in pre-modern times. Amphorae (plural) were used in large numbers for the transport and storage of various products, usually wine, but it was used for both liquid and dry products. This amphora was also used for the typical purposes of storage and transport, but I believe it was used on a ship. It was obviously found sunk in the sea, as it has lime incrustations and remains of shells that cling to the surface and so, therefore, it was used on a ship. The base aided transport by ship, and the amphorae were stored upright or on their sides in layers. If it was upright, they were most likely held by a rack or ropes passed through their handles to prevent shifting during rough seas. Amphorae often indicate the age of a shipwreck and the geographic origin of the cargo so they benefit maritime archaeologist who are exploring shipwrecks.
Apalbumin Research Paper
Inflammatory cause from immune response to infection by remove damage tissue to clear the area for repair. Uncontrolled inflammatory will give side effect to body. Greek physician and herbalist detect the anti-inflammatory properties in honey. During that time, the honey is use for sunburn and spots on the face and consume honey heal inflammation at the throat and tonsils (Gunther R.T, 1934). The mechanism of anti-inflammatory action recognized by a research revealed that bees add a protein called Apalbumin 1 to the nectar to make a honey by suppress the action of white blood cell engulfing bacteria that lead to inflammation process. The present of high level methylglyoxal in manuka honey react with Apalbumin 1 effective in suppressing white
Armillaria Research Paper
A. solidipes is one of the species in the Armillaria genus that causes Armillaria root rot. Its hosts are conifers, hardwoods, orchards, shrubbery and vineyards. Armillaria root rot causes white rot of wood. The wood has a white bleach appearance due to the fungus degrading lignin and polysaccharides (cellulose, hemicellulose). The fungus destroys root tissue and uses as a source of nutrition. The signs of infection are discreet except the obvious one is the appearance of honey mushrooms in the fall. The other signs of characteristics can be difficult to detect, but signs of infection can be found in the crown or lower stem.
Churrros Research Paper
Churros are a yummy treat that people love to eat. Churros are eaten for dessert. They were first made in Latin American countries and Spain. Over the years Churros have been made in almost every country. Most people eat Churros with a chocolate dipping sauce. To make Churros you need flour, water, salt, sugar, and eggs. Put the water, salt, sugar, and flour in a bowl, and don't stop mixing it up until everything in the bowl turns into dough. When you have dough put two egg yolks in the bowl that has the dough and mix it up. Put your dough in a pastry sleeve and make lines with the dough on a pan that has oil, let it fry. After that, you will have Churros.
Anaroxia Research Paper
Anaroxia is an eating disorder and has been seen in many especially among those aged between 15 to 25 years, in an increasing amount over the last decade. It usually arises from tenacious digestive disorder. Owing to this, patient with this condition is unable to consume a natural diet, loss of appetite, sleeplessness, and fatigue. This disorder also affects the overall health of the body in a dangerous way. There is also a dramatic loss of weight as well. Although in extreme cases medicinal expertise is need to get better, there are also natural remedies by which one can beat Anaroxia.
Coral bleaching


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Q: Use Google Chrome/ Chromium instead of WebKit on MacOS I would like to use Google Chrome instead of the WebKit Framework in one of my projects. I found the 'chromiumembedded' project for Windows but nothing similar for Mac. Best would be to have it in form of a Framework to just drop it into a XCode project.
Question: Is there an easy way to integrate the Webkit of Google Chromium in own MacOS X projects?

A: Are you aware that Google Chrome already uses WebKit?
Quote from here

We owe a great debt to many open source projects, and we're committed to continuing on their path. We've used components from Apple's WebKit and Mozilla's Firefox, among others - and in that spirit, we are making all of our code open source as well. We hope to collaborate with the entire community to help drive the web forward.

A: There are xcode project files throughout the Chromium code and you'll find that WebKit has its own xcodeproj files. Note that Chromium's WebKit routinely merges with the trunk WebKit and upstreams its changes. I don't really see why you'd want to go through the trouble of pulling from the Chromium's WebKit tree rather than getting it from the head WebKit revision. However you should be able to grab the {$chromium_trunk}/src/third_party/WebKit directory to get Chromium's version of WebKit. There aren't any dependencies on the Chromium browser specific code so that won't be an issue.
What are you trying to get from this; a rendering engine or a browser? The ambiguity in your question leaves a lot of confusion in interpretation.
If your looking at embedded browsers you may want to check out Android's WebKit browser. Android is open source as well.

A: Answering to my own question:
https://bitbucket.org/chromiumembedded/cef

A: Since they don't seem to have a working Mac version up for the general public, I would assume that this does not exist unless you happen to be a Google employee.


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323 F. 2d 674 - Erwing v. United States
323 F2d 674 Erwing v. United States
Haywood ERWING, Appellant,
United States Court of Appeals Ninth Circuit.
Edgar Paul Boyko, Los Angeles, California, for appellant.
Francis C. Whelan, U. S. Atty., Thomas R. Sheridan, Asst. U. S. Atty., Chief, Criminal Section, and Russell R. Hermann, Asst. U. S. Atty., Los Angeles, Cal., for appellee.
Before BARNES, JERTBERG and KOELSCH, Circuit Judges.
JERTBERG, Circuit Judge.
Appellant appeals from his conviction on the second count of a two count indictment charging appellant in Count 1 with selling and facilitating the sale of 9 grams and 300 milligrams of cocaine, and in Count 2 with receiving, concealing, transporting and facilitating the transportation and concealment of the same cocaine on the same day, both offenses in violation of Title 21 U.S.C.A. § 174.1
The present appeal is from a retrial of the case, this Court having reversed the previous conviction. See Erwing v. United States, 296 F.2d 320 (9 Cir., 1961).
Appellant's specification of errors are
"I. The trial court lacked jurisdiction of the subject matter of this case, in that there was no evidence of unlawful importation of the drug cocaine hydrochloride, nor could such importation be legally or constitutionally inferred in this case without violating due process of law.
"II. The trial court lacked jurisdiction of the subject matter of this case because there was no clear and convincing evidence of possession by the appellant of any narcotic drug, such possession being a jurisdictional fact.
"III. The judgment and verdict on Count 2 of the indictment were contrary to the weight of the evidence and unsupported by substantial evidence.
"IV. The appellant was deprived of a trial by a fair and impartial jury because of his inability to adequately examine prospective jurors on their voir dire, and because of the trial court's denial of his motions with respect thereto, which constituted an abuse of the trial court's discretion under the special circumstances of this case. Moreover, and as a direct result thereof, the appellant was deprived of a trial by a fair and impartial jury by reason of the fact that the trial jury so selected was either unable or unwilling to, and did not in fact, follow the instructions of the trial court with respect to the law applicable to this case.
"V. The indictment herein failed to state facts sufficient to constitute an offense against the United States and, therefore, appellant's motions to dismiss the same and in arrest of judgment should have been granted."
We will first discuss appellant's first specification of error.
21 U.S.C.A. § 174 is designed to control the unlawful importation into the United States of "any narcotic drug." The term is defined in 21 U.S.C.A. § 171 (a).2 The matter relevant to this case appears in § 4731.3
The uncontradicted evidence as to the narcotic drug involved in this case established that it was cocaine hydrochloride. Such substance was received in evidence and marked Exhibit 4. On this subject the testimony of two expert witnesses was received, one of whom testified on behalf of appellee and the other one on behalf of appellant. We have examined the summaries of the testimony of these two witnesses as they appear in appellant's opening brief and appellee's brief, against the testimony appearing in the transcript. The following summary of the testimony of each witness has been taken mainly from the appellant's opening brief but supplemented in instances by resort to the appellee's brief.
Herman Meuron was produced as a witness in behalf of the Government and states that he is a chemist employed by the U. S. Treasury Department and previously by the United States Food and Drug Administration; that his specialty is in the field of organic analysis and that he has conducted numerous analyses of substances to detect the presence of narcotics; that he examined Government Exhibit No. 4 for the presence of narcotic substances; that he tested the same for opium alkaloids and found none present; that he tested it for procaine or novocaine and that these tests likewise were negative. That thereafter, he conducted several tests for cocaine and that as a result of these tests he found the exhibit to contain pure cocaine; that cocaine is prepared from the leaves of the coca plant, which plant is commercially grown in Peru, Ecuador and Java; that all of the cocaine he had examined while a Government chemist was found to be pure unadulterated cocaine.
He further testified that he is familiar with the United States Pharmacopoeia, which is a book containing a compilation of chemicals and substances which are used by doctors in treating diseases or which are dispensed by druggists and which also lists minimum standards of purity and composition of such drugs and pharmaceuticals which are sold or prescribed in the United States or manufactured in the United States; that the United States Pharmacopoeia contains a listing for the drug known as cocaine and its approved standard of purity and composition. That it is not the drug cocaine which comes from Peru, Bolivia and Java, but rather the coca leaves which are commercially grown in those countries (and from which the raw material for the drug is extracted); that some so-called crude commercial cocaine is also imported from these countries, but not pure, refined cocaine hydrochloride; that the raw materials for cocaine are mainly imported from South America in one of two ways, namely, either the coca leaves themselves which are then processed in this country and (2) a kind of crude commercial cocaine which has been made by a very rough treatment of chopped up coca leaves in those foreign countries. That Government's Exhibit No. 4 does not contain coca leaves nor crude untreated cocaine extract from the leaves, but rather virtually pure cocaine, or rather a salt of the alkaloid cocaine known as cocaine-hydrochloride; that cocaine is an alkaloid which is a complicated organic compound, extracted from the coca leaves, and when so extracted is not in the form of the hydrochloride; that before the hydrochloride can be obtained, it is necessary to take the crude commercial cocaine and treat it with hydrochloric acid; that by such treatment a pure crystalline compound is obtained which is more soluble and therefore more readily administered for medical purposes. That he has no knowledge whether this country ever imports any cocaine hydrochloride from any of the foreign countries which he had previously mentioned; that he doesn't know which domestic companies manufacture cocaine hydrochloride; that he doesn't know whether coca leaves have been grown, in recent years, in the Gulf of Mexico states; that he is not familiar with the specific provisions in the United States laws which permit the lawful importation of coca leaves; that he has no knowledge whether or not cocaine hydrochloride, being the substance which he found in Government's Exhibit No. 4, is ever imported from any foreign country; that he did not make any tests to determine whether the cocaine hydrochloride in Government's Exhibit No. 4 was manufactured in the United States or imported from some foreign country and that he does not know any such tests that can be made.
Mr. Meuron further testified that cocaine may be legitimately used in this country for medicinal purposes; that he has read about its being used medically as a local anesthetic and in connection with eye examinations and dental treatments; that cocaine is not absolute contraband and unlawful to be manufactured or possessed in this country as is for instance heroin; that he does not know whether or not cocaine is an addicting drug in the same way as opium derivatives. That cocaine when used medically must be dispensed on a doctor's prescription. That the cocaine hydrochloride he found in Government's Exhibit No. 4 appeared to be pure and that he had no basis for, nor could he state affirmatively, that this particular sample that he examined did not come from a pharmacy or drug store or hospital dispensary in this country. That he "assumed" that pure or substantially pure cocaine may be produced in foreign countries; that he "imagined" that it is commonly in use throughout the world; that he has never seen crude cocaine, but "guesses" that the same contains impurities, including coloring, and does not consist of white crystals; that he does not know whether any cocaine is exported from the United States; that he does not know of any tests that would tell where cocaine contained in Government's Exhibit 4 would come from or where it would have been manufactured in the pure state.
That pure or crude cocaine on the one hand and cocaine hydrochloride on the other are entirely different things and that no amount of removing of impurities, coloring or vegetable substances from crude cocaine would turn it into cocaine hydrochloride; that cocaine must be treated with hydrochloric acid before it forms the hydrochloride, which is an additional compound and which is chemically different; that cocaine hydrochloride is not found free in nature in the coca leaf or in any other place to his knowledge; that cocaine hydrochloride is a man-produced pharmaceutical drug.
Andrew William Phillips, produced as a witness in behalf of defendant, testified as follows: He is a pharmacist registered in the State of California, licensed as such; that he also is licensed as a pharmacist and so registered in the State of Texas; that he holds two kinds of pharmacist's licenses in the State of California, namely, a pharmaceutical manufacturer's license and a registered pharmacist's license, which authorize and license him to both dispense and manufacture pharmaceuticals; that he is a graduate of an accredited school of pharmacy and that ever since graduation he has been engaged in that field, mostly in retail and manufacturing. That in his work as a pharmacist, he has become familiar with cocaine hydrochloride; that he has seen it in hospitals although he personally has not dispensed it as such; that he has worked in places where it was dispensed and where he had the chance to become familiar with the methods of its being dispensed; that in the course of his training and work he had occasion to become very familiar with the technical literature concerning this product and how it is prepared. That there is a difference between the product known as cocaine hydrochloride and the alkaloid cocaine as it occurs in nature or in a crude commercial state; that the alkaloid is the crude form of cocaine after it has been extracted from the coca leaves; that the hydrochloride is man-made by-product of the natural cocaine; that of these two substances the hydrochloride is the one which is used for medicinal purposes; that the method of manufacturing hydrochloride from the raw alkaloid is to take coca leaves and extract the cocaine alkaloid from the coca leaves, which results in crude cocaine; that thereafter through chemical operations known as tirations, the hydrochloride radical is introduced into the product and the resulting new compound is then extracted by use of various other solvents; that production of cocaine hydrochloride from the crude cocaine alkaloid is a separate manufacturing process.
The witness further testified that the cocaine hydrochloride dispensed in this area and in this state comes generally from three major sources, namely the Merck-Sharp & Dohme Company, located in New Jersey and in Philadelphia, the Mallincrodt Chemical Manufacturing Company, and the Penna Company located in New York; that he knows of no manufacturer of cocaine hydrochloride in any foreign countries whose products are dispensed in this country; that the bulk of the cocaine hydrochloride dispensed in the Los Angeles area comes from the Merck Company; that the balance would come from Mallincrodt and Penna, the other manufacturers, all of which are domestic; that he has never seen dispensed or heard of there being dispensed in this area any cocaine hydrochloride that was not manufactured in the United States.
The witness further stated that cocaine hydrochloride is not an addicting drug although it may be termed "habituating", which means it creates a psychological rather than a physiological dependency; that cocaine hydrochloride is listed in the United States Pharmacopoeia and is a medicinal drug that may be properly and legitimately dispensed by physicians, druggists and pharmacists; that in recent years there has been a tendency towards substituting synthetic products for cocaine; that cocaine is generally used now in eye surgery for an anesthetic; also for ear, nose or throat; that most drug stores keep no more than two ounces of cocaine hydrochloride on hand for prescription purposes; that a drug store near an eye, ear, nose and throat clinic would carry more than a drug store not so located; that the ordinary drug store would generally carry about an ounce; that when a drug store obtains cocaine it must comply with government regulations pertaining to the control of narcotics; that a lay person would ordinarily have cocaine hydrochloride in a dilute solution, dependent in part on the patient's body weight; that the purpose of adding the hydrochloride radical to the cocaine alkaloid is to make it more easily soluble through the mucous membrane; that the crude cocaine alkaloid is not so soluble or usable. That he has had experience both in Texas and California; that he has never known of illegal cocaine to come into Texas or California from Mexico; that to his knowledge, the United States does not export cocaine.
That there are institutional users who use and stock cocaine hydrochloride in larger quantities than the average retail drug store, such as hospitals; that a hospital type dispensary would not stock the solution but would stock the crystals and make its own stock solutions through technicians and other personnel and would prepare these when the drug was needed; that this is because the solution deteriorates; that even a hospital would not be likely to carry more than three or four ounces; that a hospital would keep it under lock and key and be responsible to the Internal Revenue Inspector every four months, and that drugstores using any appreciable amount are carefully checked by the Government. That cocaine hydrochloride is the only form in which the drug is kept in a pharmacy or a hospital; that for ocular surgery and like purposes the cocaine hydrochloride is the only type sold; that there is a listing of cocaine alkaloid in the index but it is not dispensed in hospitals; that if the cocaine crystals were left exposed to the air or water long enough to deteriorate, the cocaine would lose its drug-like qualities and eventually become an inert or useless substance.
The count of the indictment of which appellant was convicted, and from which he appeals, alleges in relevant part that appellant "knowingly and unlawfully received, concealed, transported and facilitated concealment and transportation of 9 grams, 300 milligrams of cocaine, a narcotic drug which, as the defendant then and there well knew, previously had been imported into the United States of America contrary to United States Code, Title 21, Section 173."4
There is no dispute that the substance involved in this case is a narcotic drug as defined in the Statute. (See Footnote 3). For purposes of our opinion, we will assume that the evidence is sufficient to establish possession by the appellant of the cocaine hydrochloride.
It is to be noted that mere possession of a narcotic drug is not an offense under the Statute. United States v. Brown, 207 F.2d 310 (7 Cir., 1953); Rodella v. United States, 286 F.2d 306 (9 Cir., 1960), C.D. 365 U.S. 889, 81 S.Ct. 1042, 6 L.Ed.2d 199. Illegal possession of a narcotic drug is a criminal offense under the laws of the State of California. §§ 11500 and 11712 Health and Safety Code of the State of California.
Under the second paragraph of Section 174, quoted supra, the proof of possession of a narcotic drug by defendant shifts to him the burden of explaining such possession to the satisfaction of the jury. In the absence of such satisfactory explanation, the application of the statutory rule of evidence or prima facie presumption set forth in Section 174 shall be deemed sufficient to authorize conviction. In such circumstances the statutory rule of evidence or prima facie presumption furnishes sufficient proof to establish the illegal importation of the narcotic drug and the defendant's knowledge that the narcotic drug was illegally imported. Yee Hem v. United States, 268 U.S. 178, 45 S.Ct. 470, 69 L.Ed. 904 (1925); Hernandez v. United States, 300 F.2d 114 (9 Cir., 1962); Cellino v. United States, 276 F.2d 941 (9 Cir., 1960); Caudillo v. United States, 253 F.2d 513 (9 Cir., 1952), C.D. 357 U.S. 931, 79 S.Ct. 1375, 2 L.Ed.2d 1373.
The authority of Congress to prohibit importation of narcotic drugs, and as a measure reasonably calculated to aid in the enforcement of the prohibition to make its possession and concealment with knowledge of its unlawful importation a criminal offense, has long been established. See Yee Hem v. United States supra, in which smoking opium was the prohibited article.
The question presented to the court in that case was whether the Congress had the power to enact provisions in respect to the presumptions arising from the unexplained possession of opium and from its presence in this country after the time fixed by statute. On page 183 of 268 U.S., on page 471 of 45 S.Ct., 69 L. Ed. 904, the court quoted with approval the following from Mobile, J. & K. C. R. Co. v. Turnipseed, 219 U.S. 35, 31 S.Ct. 136, 55 L.Ed. 78:
"That a legislative presumption of one fact from evidence of another may not constitute a denial of due process of law or a denial of the equal protection of the law it is only essential that there shall be some rational connection between the fact proved and the ultimate fact presumed, and that the inference of one fact from proof of another shall not be so unreasonable as to be a purely arbitrary mandate. So, also, it must not, under guise of regulating the presentation of evidence, operate to preclude the party from the right to present his defense to the main fact thus presumed."
The legislative provision assailed in Yee Hem v. United States were upheld. The Court stated at page 184 of 268 U.S., at pages 184-185 of 45 S.Ct., 69 L.Ed. 904:
"We think it is not an illogical inference that opium, found in this country more than four years (in the present case, more than fourteen years) after its importation had been prohibited, was unlawfully imported. Nor do we think the further provision, that possession of such opium in the absence of a satisfactory explanation shall create a presumption of guilt, is `so unreasonable as to be a purely arbitrary mandate.' By universal sentiment, and settled policy as evidenced by state and local legislation for more than half a century, opium is an illegitimate commodity, the use of which, except as a medicinal agent, is rigidly condemned. Legitimate possession, unless for medicinal use, is so highly improbable that to say to any person who obtains the outlawed commodity, `since you are bound to know that it can not be brought into this country at all, except under regulation for medicinal use, you must at your peril ascertain and be prepared to show the facts and circumstances which rebut, or tend to rebut, the natural inference of unlawful importation, or your knowledge of it,' is not such an unreasonable requirement as to cause it to fall outside the constitutional power of Congress."
The constitutionality of the rule of evidence created under the language contained in the second paragraph of Section 174, and similar provisions contained in 21 U.S.C. § 176a relating to marijuana, have been expressly or impliedly sustained in many cases involving opium, heroin and marijuana. See cases cited in Hernandez v. United States, supra.
No decision of a reviewing court has been called to our attention which had occasion to consider the applicability of the statutory presumption to the unexplained possession of the narcotic drug involved in this case, to wit: cocaine hydrochloride. There is in the record no direct evidence that the narcotic substance involved had been imported or brought into the United States contrary to law or to establish knowledge on the part of the appellant that the same was imported or brought into the United States contrary to law. In our view, under the evidence in this case, the unexplained possession by the appellant of cocaine hydrochloride is not sufficient to sustain an inference by the jury that the cocaine hydrochloride was illegally imported or brought into the United States, or that the appellant had knowledge of such illegal importation, without violating appellant's right to due process. Hence, the conviction of appellant can be lawfully sustained only if the rule of evidence created by the second paragraph of Section 174 may be constitutionally applied. In Tot v. United States, 319 U.S. 463, 63 S.Ct. 1241, 87 L.Ed. 1519 (1943), there was involved the construction and validity of Sec. 2(f) of the Federal Firearms Act which provided: "It shall be unlawful for any person who has been convicted of a crime of violence or is a fugitive from justice to receive any firearm or ammunition which has been shipped or transported in interstate or foreign commerce, and the possession of a firearm or ammunition by any such person shall be presumptive evidence that such firearm or ammunition was shipped or transported or received, as the case may be, by such person in violation of this Act."
At page 467 of 319 U.S., at pages 1244-1245 of 63 S.Ct., 87 L.Ed. 1519 the court stated:
"The rules of evidence, however, are established not alone by the courts but by the legislature. The Congress has power to prescribe what evidence is to be received in the courts of the United States. The section under consideration is such legislation. But the due process clauses of the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments set limits upon the power of Congress or that of a state legislature to make the proof of one fact or group of facts evidence of the existence of the ultimate fact on which guilt is predicated. The question is whether, in this instance, the Act transgresses those limits.
"The Government seems to argue that there are two alternative tests of the validity of a presumption created by statute. The first is that there be a rational connection between the facts proved and the fact presumed; the second that of comparative convenience of producing evidence of the ultimate fact. We are of opinion that these are not independent tests but that the first is controlling and the second but a corollary. Under our decisions, a statutory presumption cannot be sustained if there be no rational connection between the fact proved and the ultimate fact presumed, if the inference of the one from proof of the other is arbitrary because of lack of connection between the two in common experience. This is not to say that a valid presumption may not be created upon a view of relation broader than that a jury might take in a specific case. But where the inference is so strained as not to have a reasonable relation to the circumstances of life as we know them, it is not competent for the legislature to create it as a rule governing the procedure of courts."
Further on page 469 of 319 U.S., on pages 1245-1246 of 63 S.Ct., 87 L.Ed. 1519 it is stated:
"Nor can the fact that the defendant has the better means of information, standing alone, justify the creation of such a presumption. In every criminal case the defendant has at least an equal familiarity with the facts and in most a greater familiarity with them than the prosecution. It might, therefore, be argued that to place upon all defendants in criminal cases the burden of going forward with the evidence would be proper. But the argument proves too much. If it were sound, the legislature might validly command that the finding of an indictment, or mere proof of the identity of the accused, should create a presumption of the existence of all the facts essential to guilt. This is not permissible.
"Whether the statute in question be treated as expressing the normal balance of probability, or as laying down a rule of comparative convenience in the production of evidence, it leaves the jury free to act on the presumption alone once the specified facts are proved, unless the defendant comes forward with opposing evidence. And this we think enough to vitiate the statutory provision."
From the teachings of Yee Hem and Tot, supra, we learn: that the due process clauses of the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments set limits upon the power of Congress to make the proof of one fact or group of facts evidence of the existence of the ultimate fact upon which guilt is predicated; that a statutory presumption cannot be sustained if there is no rational connection between the fact proved and the ultimate fact presumed, if the inference of the one from proof of the other is arbitrary because of lack of connection between the two in common experience; that where the inference is so strained as not to have a reasonable relation to the circumstances of life as we know them, it is not competent for the legislature to create it as a rule governing the procedures of courts; and that the comparative convenience of producing evidence of the ultimate fact is but a corollary to the requirement that there be a rational connection between the facts proved and the fact presumed.
If proof in this case had shown possession by the appellant of coca leaves or cocaine alkaloid extracted therefrom, we would have no difficulty in sustaining the conviction of the appellant. However, the proof established possession by the appellant of cocaine hydrochloride, a medicinal agent. Under the provisions of Section 173 quoted supra, such amounts of coca leaves as the Commissioner of Narcotics finds to be necessary to provide for medicinal and legitimate uses only may be imported and brought into the United States under such regulations and as such Commissioner shall prescribe. The testimony of the two expert witnesses summarized above established that the narcotic drug involved in this case is cocaine hydrochloride, containing almost pure cocaine; that such substance is a manufactured product and is manufactured by extracting from the leaves of the coca plant the cocaine alkaloid, a raw cocaine, into which, by chemical operations, the hydrochloride radical is introduced, and the resulting new compound (cocaine hydrochloride) is then extracted by the use of various other solvents; that such substance is legally manufactured in the United States by at least three major pharmaceutical manufacturers; and that cocaine hydrochloric is a medical drug dispensed in drugstores, clinics and hospitals throughout the United States, and used for medicinal purposes. There is no evidence which indicates that any cocaine hydrochloride is imported into the United States, either legally or illegally. There is no evidence of any illegal manufacture of cocaine hydrochloride in the United States from coca leaves, legally or illegally imported.
Under the evidence furnished by the two expert witnesses, we are of the opinion that there is no rational connection between the unexplained possession of the cocaine hydrochloride and the presumed fact that such narcotic drug was illegally imported to the knowledge of the appellant, and that the inference of the one from the proof of the other is arbitrary because of lack of connection between the two in common experience. To do otherwise would be to disregard appellant's constitutional right to due process and extend the jurisdiction of the Federal Courts beyond constitutional limits.
The judgment of conviction is reversed, and the cause remanded to the District Court with instructions to dismiss the indictment.
"Whoever fraudulently or knowingly imports or brings any narcotic drug into the United States or any territory under its control or jurisdiction, contrary to law, or receives, conceals, buys, sells, or in any manner facilitates the transportation, concealment, or sale of any such narcotic drug after being imported or brought in, knowing the same to have been imported or brought into the United States contrary to law * * * shall be imprisoned not less than five or more than twenty years and, in addition, may be fined not more than $20,000. * * *
"Whenever on trial for a violation of this section the defendant is shown to have or have had possession of the narcotic drug, such possession shall be deemed sufficient evidence to authorize conviction unless the defendant explains the possession to the satisfaction of the jury."
"IMPORTATION OR EXPORTATION
"§ 171. Narcotic drugs; definitions
"When used in sections 173, 174, 176-184, and 185 of this title —
"(a) The term `narcotic drug' shall have the meaning ascribed to the term `narcotic drugs' by section 3228(g) of Title 26; the term `isonipecaine' shall have the meaning ascribed to that term by section 3228(e) of Title 26; and the term `opiate' shall have the meaning ascribed to that term by section 3228(f) of Title 26.
"(b) * * *
"(c) * * *
"(d) * * *."
This latter section was repealed and is now covered by 26 U.S.C.A. §§ 4731, 7343 and 7701(a).
Section 4731 in relevant part provides:
"§ 4731. Definitions
"(a) Narcotic drugs. — The words `narcotic drugs' as used in this part shall mean any of the following, whether produced directly or indirectly by extraction from substances of vegetable origin, or independently by means of chemical synthesis, or by a combination of extraction and chemical synthesis:
"(1) Opium, isonipecaine, coca leaves, and opiate;
"(2) Any compound, manufacture, salt, derivative, or preparation of opium, isonipecaine, coca leaves, or opiate;
"(3) Any substance (and any compound, manufacture, salt, derivative, or preparation thereof) which is chemically identical with any of the substances referred to in clauses (1) and (2);
except that the words `narcotic drugs' as used in this part shall not include decocainized coca leaves or extracts of coca leaves, which extracts do not contain cocaine or ecgonine. * * *."
Section 173 in relevant part provides:
"It is unlawful to import or bring any narcotic drug into the United States or any territory under its control or jurisdiction; except that such amounts of crude opium and coca leaves as the Commissioner of Narcotics finds to be necessary to provide for medical and legitimate uses only may be imported and brought into the United States or such territory under such regulations as the Commissioner of Narcotics shall prescribe, but no crude opium may be imported or brought in for the purpose of manufacturing heroin. All narcotic drugs imported under such regulations shall be subject to the duties which are now or may hereafter be imposed upon such drugs when imported. * * *"


This is a portfolio for a new complete set of pool equipment being installed. The Penasquitos pool owner contacted our office to have new pool equipment to replace broken and leaking pool equipment. Our pool repair and equipment installation technician scheduled to perform a free pool equipment evaluation for the following day. Once we discussed the pool equipment project with the homeowner, we sent them a written estimate for the work discussed.
We always send a written estimate for all work via email for customers to look over. If they have any specific questions about timeframes or specific pool equipment, we will answer all questions and concerns. Once the Rancho Penasquitos pool owner confirmed the estimate, we scheduled the equipment install for the following day.
Replacing old, broken, or leaking pool equipment with a new heater, pump, filter, and salt water chlorine is what this customer was looking for. They wanted to feel comfortable knowing their pool equipment is going to work when they want to enjoy the pool or spa.
For this pool heater installation, a Pentair Master Temp pool heater was installed. This was the best pool heater to install for this RanchoPenaquitos installation.That is due to the limited space and installing Pentair gave an extended warranty. The Pentair Master Temp pool heater is energy efficient and heats up fast. Our typical pool heater installations use either the Pentair MasterTemp or Raypak pool heaters. We will install any type of pool heater though we like these pool heaters the most.
This Pentair VST 2 variable speed pool pump installation is what we prefer to install. This energy efficient pool pump will save you money based on energy use over a year and operates very quietly. It interfaces with the Pentair line of pool automation that we also highly recommend. These types of pool automation are the EasyTouch, IntelliTouch, and SunTouch pool controllers. When replacing your pool pump in San Diego, you need to follow the Title 20 laws. This law states that any pool filter pump is either .75hp rated (=.5hp pump) or a variable speed smart pump.
We really like the Pentair Clean and Clear pool filter when we perform a pool filter installation. A cartridge filter that is user-friendly when performing filter cleans for a homeowner or pool service tech. The D.E. filter is messy when cleaning and relies on applying D.E. after cleaning the pool filter that can be a safety concern. We think the best pool filter is the Pentair Clean And Clear hands down. They work well in the field and hold up to the swimming pool and spas needs for filtering clean water.
Because this new pool equipment install did not include pool automation installation, we used a Jandy salt water system. When there is pool automation, we will often need to provide estimates for the same manufacturer's products.That is due to most pool controller work with their own equipment much better. Since this pool equipment uses the old Intermatic time clock to obtain power only, we decided on a Jandy salt system. We use this product due to it being for economical, works great and has a really good manufacturers warranty.
If you are in need of pool repair or new pool equipment installation, we can help. We offer both pool repairs and equipment installation services to Rancho Penasquitos and San Diego County.


text:
Filtering by Category: Coffee
ALEX SANTISO
On the third morning of our trip, we met with a coffee engineer named Alex Santiso. Alex explained to us the science behind certain plagues they've been fighting in the area, as well as the importance of preserving the earth by keeping each farm 100% chemical free. When farmers add chemicals to their plants instead of taking advantage of the natural ecosystem, the plant might produce 50% more coffee in one crop, but chemicals reduce the life of the plant & can damage the fertility of the earth in which it's planted. There are pros and cons to both ways of producing coffee, but (as he said) organic is higher quality coffee.
One of the main issues farmers in Chiapas have to deal with is not enough sunshine and dry weather to patio dry the beans once they've been de-pulped (more on that later). This can result in beans rotting and entire crops lost. Alex mentioned that there is testing being done in the area for other methods of drying. There was fire in his eyes when he talked - obviously this was a passionate subject for him. We found out later that he grew up in a farming family and his mother is currently a member of the Café Justo co-op. Everything he talked about was deeply personal.
When Alex found out we purchase green coffee from the co-op, he started asking about how much of both arabica and robusta we roast. I told him we've played around with the robusta, but have basically given up on it. He got all excited and told me that a 80% arabica / 20% robusta blend makes a wonderful cup and I really ought to try it. His excitement was contagious. Be on the look out for an arabica/robusta blend in our online store soon!
tags / Travel, science, co-op, coffee, Café Justo, organic
DON GATO & ILDEFONSO
It rains mucho in Salvador Urbina! On our way over to meet Don Gato & his wife, we got caught in the downpour. We arrived at their colorful home soaked and cold, but were soon warmed by steaming coffee in our hands. Such sweet people!
Don Gato (nickname) was one of the founders of Café Justo 13 years ago, but now stays closer to home growing coffee plants in his nursery. Don Gato shared with us that he is who's responsible for paved roads in Salvador Urbina and other things that have greatly benefitted the community. What a legacy!
Another active member of the co-op, Ildefonso, invited us all over to his beautiful house that night for tamales & lively conversation. Ildesfonso's wife passed away from cancer a year ago, so his daughters were our lovely hosts. We also had the pleasure of meeting his son, who's a lawyer.
Over dinner, Ildesonso talked about how, even when the price of coffee has been at it's lowest, he has pinched & saved enough to pay for three of his children's educations. You could sense his pride when he told us that his son is a lawyer and two of his daughters are teachers. He showed off his nice, crisp clothes & talked of how he wore old clothes when his kids were studying, but now! Now his professional kids buy him nice shirts and pants. Sharp.
tags / farming family, coffee, Travel, Salvador Urbina, Chiapas, Café Justo
ARRIVING IN SALVADOR URBINA
We pulled into Salvador Urbina as the sun was laying down to rest. It had already been a full day of traveling for us, but we were so excited to finally be in Chiapas that our weariness didn't catch up to us until hours later.
We had caught an early morning flight out of Hermosillo, had a layover in Mexico City, then flew to what is probably the most southern commercial airport in Mexico, Tapachula. From Tapachula, it was an hour drive on La Ruta del Café to Urbina.
Waiting for us at the Café Justo headquarters were several members of the cooperative, growers of gold -ahem- coffee. They welcomed us in the warmest way, then we went around and did introductions. We did introductions a lot on this trip, and there were lots of people to introduce! We traveled with eight other people, every single on of them were great and interesting. Everyone we traveled with had some connection with Café Justo , so it was just as interesting for the families in Salvador Urbina to get to know all of us as it was for us to get to know them!
Anyway, introductions were made. We met the president, ex-president, and current participating members of the co-op. They all were so warm and friendly, and made sure we knew that their homes were our homes and we were very welcome.
During all of this, coffee and pan dulce was served, to the delight of everyone present. We had a time then to fellowship with the men we'd just met, then it was off to the homes we'd be invading for the next several days.
We hit the jackpot when it came to our host family! David Cifuentes, his wife Nely, and their three kids were just the best. That first night we sat around the table well after the food was gone from our plates and the coffee had all been drunk, then we moved into the living room and talked more. We felt like we'd known them for ages, when in reality it had only been a couple hours. What a blessing they were and continue to be. More on them later.
We fell asleep late, anxious to see what adventures the morning had in store for us.
categories / Travel, Production, Sourcing, Coffee
tags / Salvador Urbina, David Cifuentes, Café Justo, Travel, Chiapas, Hospitality