Everyone has given their all, and it is now a waiting game.
Who will win the Palio this year?
Del Monte presented their theatrical piece, "Della Gloria Ritrovata" last night. Set up in our ancient "Rocca", we were led through the stages of Carlo Fortebracci's life from a young boy, realizing the full weight of responsibility that comes with being a Fortebraccio, fighting the battles, until he triumphantly receives the Holy Thorn as a reward for his valiant service.
As usual, small bands of people clustered in the piazza to discuss the merits of del Monte's piece versus the other riones. As usual, there is an under current that the judges don't share the same aesthetic appreciation as the towns people. As usual, the outcome is tensely debated, tinged with hope and shaded with fatalism.
Meanwhile, we cook and we serve in the taverna. Last night we had grilled pecora (sheep) and it was outstanding. The pecora was stacked in layers separated by slices of lemon and rosemary, then grilled over wood charcoal. The delicious smell and thick smoke filling the air with the essence of Umbria.
The grill man must possess super powers. We're in the midst of another heat wave, so the temperature at around 6:00pm was probably around 32C or 90F. There was a raging wood fire in the grill, making the charcoal for cooking the meat. When I walked over to take these photos the heat literally sucked the air out of my lungs. It was staggering. How did this man stand at the grill all night? Super powers. It's the only explanation.
Not that inside the kitchen was much better, but mere humans were able to remain standing as we turned out more grilled sausages and pork, mountains of antipasti, and warm torta (a flat bread sandwich with prosciutto or sausage).
A surprise best seller, or at least to me, was the hot grain soup. Who wants hot soup when it's 90 degrees out? Apparently a lot of people.
I was in charge of tagliatelle bosciaolo, or tagliatelle with a creamy mushroom and sausage sauce.
The home made cakes were outstanding, served along with a little sweet Vin Santo wine for dunking.
This is very good, down home cooking! I have no idea how you would translate down home into Italian, but that's what it is. Cucina della casa doesn't have the same ring.
And to keep us all lubricated, Jeff and John ran the cantina dispensing water, wine and vin Santo. And I must say, they both looked fetching in the their little medieval server-boy outfits.
Tonight will be a hard night in the kitchen because the winner of the Palio will be announced around 10:00pm. If we lose, there will be deep mourning at the taverna. If we win, there will be loud partying from the taverna stretching into the piazza..all… night…. long. Either way, the taverna provides and Dionysus we abide.
And so it goes, life in Montone in Agosto.


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Dancing on Ice: 2013 judges announced
The judging panel for the new series of Dancing on Ice is today confirmed as Robin Cousins, Ashley Roberts, Karen Barber and Jason Gardiner.
Ex Pussycat Doll and I'm A Celebrity star Ashley Roberts joins the judging panel for the new series, bringing her dance/performance expertise to the judges critique.
"I'm beyond excited to be joining Dancing on Ice as a judge, to work alongside Torvill & Dean is such an honour, they're absolute legends. We've got some fantastic names lined up to skate this year and I can't wait to see their routines on the ice" says Ashley Roberts.
Joining Ashley is Karen Barber who re-joins the judging panel for 2013. Having Karen back on the panel will ensure the critique is balanced across ice-skating, dance and performance each week. Karen will also continue to coach the celebrities with their routines during the week.
"We have an absolute wonderful group of celebrity skaters this year who have been training so hard to ensure they deliver on the ice for the viewers and of course us judges. I'm thrilled to be on the judging panel for 2013 and I look forward to an exciting and interesting series" says Karen Barber
Jason Gardiner returns to the judging panel after having a break away from the series last year.
"I'm delighted to be returning to the show and I'm very much looking forward to getting back behind the judges desk. I look forward to seeing what this years celebrities can deliver on the ice, I just hope they're ready for my honest critique." says Jason
Head Judge, Robin Cousins completes the judging panel, returning for his 8th series of Dancing on Ice.
"After a great DOI 2012 with one of our strongest winners yet the class of 2013 has their work cut out!. With 2 very focused Olympic medalists in the line up, the rest of the cast better bring their 'A' game and be ready for battle. It will be no pain, no gain and certainly no sympathy from us judges!" says Robin
Katie Rawcliffe, Exec Producer of Dancing on Ice says; "I'm really pleased we have Ashley on board, Karen and Jason back and Robin as Head Judge - they're an important part of the show and a really exciting judging panel proposition for us. Between the four of them they bring a wealth of experience and knowledge in ice-skating, performance and dance and they're very vocal in their opinions!".
Confirmed taking part in the 2013 line up are Hollywood star Pamela Anderson, Coronation Street actress Samia Ghadie, singer Shayne Ward, Baroness King of Bow Oona King, rugby star Gareth Thomas, TV star Keith Chegwin, actor Matt Lapinskas, Olympic gymnast Beth Tweddle, presenter Anthea Turner, comedian Joe Pasquale, The Only Way Is Essex star Lauren Goodger and Olympic gold winner Luke Campbell.
Dancing on Ice is hosted by Phillip Schofield and Christine Bleakley with Olympic skating superstars Jayne Torvill and Christopher Dean returning to train the celebrities, each of which will be vying to be a dancing sensation on ice.
Dancing on Ice returns to ITV on Sunday 6 January 2013
Tags: Dancing On Ice, Entertainment, ITV1, News, TV News

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


with priest Bettina Schwietering-Evers and the Concert Choir of the Berlin Girls Choir – live broadcasting by rbb (kulturradio).
Due to construction work, the service takes place in the chapel (access via the terrace from the entrance Johannisberger Str.).


The president of Iraqi Kurdistan on Friday slammed the United States-led coalition against the Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) for excluding the Kurds from an organizational meeting in London this week, noting that his hard-bitten peshmerga fighters had proven themselves the only capable force on the ground to combat the armed group.
"We were expecting everyone to show respect to the sacrifices made by the people of Kurdistan and its peshmerga [fighters] by inviting a representative from Kurdistan to this event and similar such events," Massoud Barzani said in a heated statement, as translated by Kurdish Rudaw news.
The peshmerga "are the most effective force countering global terrorism today," he added. "It is unfortunate that the people of Kurdistan do the sacrifice and the credit goes to others."
It's not clear why the Kurds were snubbed at the London conference, though many suspect it could simply be a matter of diplomatic protocol. Leaders from 21 countries involved in air strikes on ISIL targets across Syria and Iraq were present, including Iraqi Prime Minister Haider al-Abadi. Inviting a regional leader like Barzani would have been an exception.
But Barzani's disappointment is understandable. Since ISIL surged from its base in Syria to seize swaths of Iraq last summer, the Kurds have successfully defended their autonomous homeland in the north from the extremists. They have even been effective on the offensive, most critically on the outskirts of Mosul, Iraq's second city and ISIL's most important holding in the country. Just a day before the London conference, peshmerga forces launched an offensive just west of Mosul, killing approximately 200 ISIL insurgents, the Kurdish Regional Government (KRG) said.
The Kurds have paid a steep price for their aggressive bearing: As of mid-December, more than 700 peshmerga fighters had fallen, according to KRG numbers.
The underpowered Iraqi military, meanwhile, has wilted before the ISIL onslaught, with reports of entire battalions abandoning their posts and even stripping off their military uniforms to avoid detection. ISIL has been known to summarily execute enemy combatants by the dozens.
All the while, coalition members including the U.S. have sent the Kurds mixed messages, said Gonul Tol, director of the Center for Turkish Studies at the Middle East Institute in Washington, D.C. Over the past seven months, the U.S. and its allies have offered unprecedented military aid to Kurdish forces in order to pressure ISIL on the ground. The Kurds, Tol said, may have perceived this support as a sign that the U.S., which has long discouraged the Iraqi Kurds' ambitions of independence from Iraq, could be shifting gears. A State Department representative even attended an oil conference in London that featured Kurdish representatives (independent Kurdish exports of oil have long been frowned upon by the U.S., seen as an affront to the central Iraqi government).
Most surprisingly, the U.S. even airdropped arms to the Syrian Kurdish PYD militias defending the besieged town of Kobani from ISIL last year, in a bid to pressure Turkey to open its borders and allow the PKK — the PYD's Turkey-based partners who both Washington and Ankara deem a "terrorist" organization — to enter the fight. There has even been talk in Congress of delisting the PKK from the U.S. "foreign terrorist organization" list, given their role in rescuing threatened Christian and Yazidi minorities from ISIL onslaught.
Still, the very fact that the coalition is forced to skirt around direct coordination with their most important ground partners points to a strategic dilemma for the U.S and its allies, said Wladimir van Wilgenburg, an expert on Kurdish politics with the Jamestown Foundation.


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Education, self-esteem can help decrease welfare use
University Park, Pa. -- If Pennsylvania's divorced single mothers are to decrease their dependence on welfare programs, an enhanced, education-oriented approach to public assistance programs is needed, according to a study conducted by a researcher in Penn State's College of Agricultural Sciences.
The study, "Results of an Assessment of the Educational Needs of Divorced Single Mothers in Pennsylvania," was initiated by J. Lynne Brown, professor of food science, for the Center for Rural Pennsylvania to examine the community-assistance programs used most by single mothers and their attitudes toward each program.
"The community assistance programs most used by these women were domestic relations, welfare and food stamps," says Brown. While these programs may not serve all their needs, many women continue to use them because they are afraid to utilize the more effective, yet unfamiliar programs available, she says.
Among women using assistance programs, those with higher income associated more stigma with welfare programs and less stigma with child-feeding programs. Women with less income associated a moderate stigma with welfare and emergency programs and a low stigma with child-feeding programs. For both income brackets, using a program decreased its perceived stigma.
Reactions to workfare -- forms of welfare that require work as a condition of receiving aid -- differed between women based on their experience and education level. Current program users believe that strict rules and job competition will prevent them from supporting their children under this system.
According to Brown, "the women felt that divorced mothers needed help improving their self-esteem along with subsidized child care, transportation, job training, and money management and parenting skills to avoid using welfare."
As a result of the findings, researchers released recommendations for ways that policymakers can enhance the success of workfare while reducing dependence on welfare.
--Set more lenient eligibility rules for workfare. Allowing single mothers to be qualified for subsidized childcare while working, saving money and owning a vehicle would build self-esteem and provide the resources needed to avoid welfare programs.
--Increase awareness of human-service referral agencies and programs on a local and state level.
--Increase job opportunities in rural areas for everyone, not just those on workfare. Minimizing job competition gives all members of the community the chance to improve their social standing.
--Form partnerships with local agencies to provide programs on money and conflict management, communication and divorce adjustment along with job training to improve life-management skills of divorced women.
The study suggests that divorced, single mothers who increase their life skillsare better able to transition into the workforce with a current knowledge of necessary job skills and renewed self-esteem. "We believe that implementing these recommendations would enhance the success of workfare and reduce these women's need for welfare," says Brown.
(Media Contacts)
Gary Abdullah
gxa2@psu.edu
Penn State offers tips on shopping smart for your holiday feast
1959 Penn State ag sciences alumnus makes gift to support experiential learning
Student Stories: Ag Career Day led to internship for ag sciences major
Ag Sciences, Agricultural Sciences, family, food science


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HOME ESSAYS World War 1 Dbq Analysis
World War 1 Dbq Analysis
Mar 19th, 2021 Published
World war one was a war that created new ways to fight and new countries to develop, but what really needs to be addressed is what caused all this happen. With militarism, imperialism, and alliances came the two other indirect factors, which were threats and tension. Mobilization in countries increased tension and threats throughout the world. Tension had been developing over the years between different countries and this war had come to settle it. Major European nations were the start of this all. The increased tension in these nations was a big indication that there was going to be a war.
Although Count Brockdorff-Rantzau, the German delegation leader believed that Germany was not at all responsible for world war one, the Treaty of Versailles take it that Germany is the one responsible for this war due to their loss(Doc.4). At the delegation to the Versailles Peace Conference the German delegation leader had protested that one of the causes of this war was imperialism. The method of imperialism added to the threat to other countries because of its policies of retaliation and expansion(Doc.5). As a result of there being an expansion throughout European nations, mobilization occurred. Mobilization lead to militarism adding to the factors of tension and threats. While, both the …show more content…
Due to the fact that the alliance system was an agreement of great powers, this was a big threat to other countries. As well as, something that increased tension throughout the world. Three large European powers, which also happened to be part of the alliance system, had increased the amount of money spent on weapons(Doc.1). An increase in weapons meant an increase in tension which meant a higher chance of war. The alliance system had its perks but one of its disadvantages was that if any two counties had a conflict then their allies would all have to join in and potentially start a
DBQ: Causes of WWI
World War I—or the Great War as it was known at the time—was the result of a series of events between several nations around the world. The war was massively destructive for all involved, civilians and soldiers alike, and there were very few who were not affected by the worldwide conflict. The war has been considered a mass genocide, taking millions of lives and leaving many nations in shambles. The new, more advanced weaponry provided by the recently industrialized world resulted in one of the deadliest wars in history. There was no single cause of the event. Numerous conflicts and hostile relations between several nations around the globe escalated into a full-blown war that had devastating results.…
Dbq Causes of Wwii
During the period previous to World War II causes that led to World War II included German attempt of imperialism in Europe, pro-appeasement ideologies towards German military expansion, and ignoring con-appeasement ideologies towards German military expansion.…
World War 1 Analysis
One of the four main reasons that caused world war 1 is alliances contributed the most to the outbreak of war.There were alliances and everyone was choosing their own side of who to help.If their wasn't any alliances The war could probably end quicker and other people that were not in the war will not get involved in the war.Instead of keeping the peace the different countries decided to join the war and choose their side.What if they didn't have a side.And they were not in the war.…
Causes Of Wwi Dbq
Around the 1900s, there were ways that caused the war. In the following documents; Causes of WWI, Schenck vs. United States, Imperialism, and Isolationism this is how WWI all formed. In Doc 2, Causes of WWI, countries from all over the world formed together or separated from each other to prepare for the war. Austria Hungary and Germany, Russia and Serbia, and France and Russia all aligned together. Alliances are a double-edged sword because there are many different countries that have all different weapons to fighting against each other and different amount of people fighting from each country. In addition, European nations had divided into two opposing alliances. According to American History Textbook, the Central Powers were made up of Austria-Hungary,…
What Did Imperialism Cause Ww1
I feel that World War one was a war of Nations wanting to increase independence, power and territory. World war one was the first war that involved twenty eight nations from all across the world. Sometimes called the War to end all Wars or The Great War. The great war started on June twenty eighth nineteen fourteen when the Archduke of Austria known as Franz Ferdinand was assassinated by nationalist Gavvillo Princip from Serbia. One month later Austria Hungary declared war on Serbia. Europe was divided in to two armed powers. One side known as The Triple Alliance and the other known as The Triple Entente. Soon after the news had spread country across Europe began to choose sides between both powers. Later on the triple alliance became known as the Central Powers and the triple entente became known as The Allied Forces. Many different aspects were used to make this World War a more technologically advanced war and no other wars before this one can begin to compare to it. Many soldiers suffered horrible diseases caused by the wars most well known battle tactic trench warfare.…
Why Was World War 1 Inevitable
World War 1 was inevitable. Throughout generations, wars happened all across the globe, between countries, cities, and even small ones between families. A war that was spread across every major country was bound to happen, one way or another. World War 1 had many rising causes that would eventually have started a war, such as Militarism in countries and Alliances between great powers and world leaders, the immediate cause was the assassination of the Archduke of Austria. What happened during this assassination was nothing less than fate.…
World War One Causes
The First World War began as a test of strength among the might nations of Europe. World War One, also known as the Great War, was different from all wars that had ever been experienced. It was so different from all the other wars because there were new technologies used (such as the machine gun), poison gases and trench warfare.…
Argumentative Essay: The Cause Of World War I
War, war never changes. War is when the young and stupid are tricked by the old and bitter into killing each other. There were many key factors into how and what started the first World War. In my opinion, I believe that the war was caused by and because of Militarism. Yes Imperialism and Nationalism were huge components into WW1 but Militarism tops the charts.…
Causes of World War One
There were many reasons why World War One broke out: imperialism was taken into effect, nationalism and unification of nations was very popular, alliances all over Europe were established and glorifying one's military rapidly rose. World War One started in July of 1914, and lasted until November 1918. The primary cause of WW1 was the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand; however, alliances developed prior to the war and the glorification in country's military made the call for war nearly imperative.…
What Were The Causes Of World War 1 Essay
World War One was a global war in Europe fought from 1914 to 1918. It was a war between Great Britain, France, Russia and the United States and Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy and Serbia. Not only was it certain people or places that caused the war but also some events and situations. This included the allying of nations, the act of imperialism, the growth of militarism, and the Balkan crisis.…
World War 1 Long Term Causes
World War One did not come about because of one problem that happened and it did not begin immediately either. The tensions and causes that prompted the first world war were long term as well as short term causes. Some of the long term causes were imperialism, militarism, nationalism and alliances. Some short term causes were the assassination of the heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne and the declaration of war made by Austria. The war and its ending will have a long lasting effect on future conflict, diplomatic relationships and American Society.…
'the First World War Started More by Accident Than by Design'. Discuss.
There are many different angles to be looked at on the origins of the First World War. They include how different countries related to each other in an era of multi national empires; the military thinkers or planners of the time and the weapons available. Other points to consider include the beliefs of people at the time and attitudes to war, the question on whether Germany was the main cause of the outbreak of war, how did the arms race affect the pre-war crises and how did the alliance structures of the central and entente powers make a general war unavoidable?…
Why Did World War 1 Happen Essay
World War I was called The Great War because it indicated how big the war was going to be, especially since it was fought against the major powers of the world. World War I was fought between the Allied Powers and the Central Powers. The reason that WWI happened was due to Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, and Nationalism. These four elements caused the greatest and deadliest war the world had seen at the time. However many people can't decide which element was the most vital. The most vital element was Alliances.…
World War 1 Alliances Causes
There are many different things that caused world war 1.some causes were militarism, alliances, imperialism, and nationalism. From all of these different causes the most important and relevant cause to world war 1 is alliances.…
What Was The Causes Of World War I
World War Ⅰ was a war that affected the whole world, it caused many countries to go bankrupt and created more than one new rivalry between countries in the process. Eighteen different countries involved in World War I, and that is not counting all of the colonies belonging to the involved countries that were forced to give financial and/or militaristic support. There were situations that led up to and caused World War I but three of the main reasons were Balkan nationalism, entangling alliances, and militarism.…


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Wonderland Arts
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Nikolay Khozyainov "My Favourites" Toronto, ON. March 22, 2020 | 7:00 PM
Nikolay Khozyainov (Николай Юрьевич Хозяинов) is a Russian classical pianist considered as a great representative of the Russian piano school and noted for his poetic piano sound and brilliant virtuosity. He started his career, like Mozart, at five years old. When he was six, he shocked the audience performing with an orchestra at The Big Hall of the Moscow Conservatory and is now regarded as one of the best pianist of the world.
Khozyainov has been thrilling audiences around the world, including the Emperor of Japan, and his recital and concerto engagements have included sold out appearances at Carnegie Hall, Wigmore Hall, Lincoln Center, the Kennedy Center, Moscow's Tchaikovsky Hall, Suntory Hall, as well as Salle Gaveau.
His performances have been garnering glowing reviews wherever he has performed. Prize winner of many prestigious piano competitions, including the Chopin Competition in Warsaw and Dublin International Piano Competition, this young artist has already four albums in his discography. Khozyainov speaks eight languages and studies music history and arts, all of which helps him to create a special atmosphere during the concerts. At the 2012 Dublin International Piano Competition, distinguished pianist and teacher John O'Conor
said of Khozyainov that, in spite of his very young age, he "played like a young God of the piano."
Link for Tickets
Nikolay Khozainov with the program "My Favorites" in Ottawa, Mon, 23 March 2020 7:00 PM – 8:30 PM EDT
NIKOLAY KHOZYAINOV AVEC LE PROGRAMME "MES FAVORIS", Montréal, QC, MARS 21, 2020 I 7 PM
Nikolay Khozainov "My Favorites", Victoria, BC. March 24, 2020 I 7:00 PM


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The cure for a doctor shortage: primary care and teamwork
Lauren Silverman Jan 21, 2016
By 2025, the U.S. could face a shortage of as many as 90,000 physicians. That's according to the latest report from the Association of American Medical Colleges. The lack of doctors – particularly primary care doctors – is a concern across the country, but it's particularly severe in southern states. But filling the patient-doctor gap is not as simple as training more doctors.
In just a few years, new medical degree programs in North, Central and South Texas will all be open – adding hundreds of new doctors to a state with a severe shortage. Problem solved?
Not really, said Dennis Andrulis, with the Texas Health Institute. "Increasing the number of doctors, that term needs to be deconstructed."
The key isn't how many doctors you churn out, it's what kind. States like Texas, Andrulis said, need doctors who go into family practice and treat folks in underserved areas for chronic conditions like obesity and hypertension. But that isn't where the money is.
"People come out [of medical school] with such debt that they are pushed into the allure of specialty surgery, spinal surgery, anesthesiologists, radiologists, […] because that's where the big money is," Andrulis said.
Last year, across the country, the average specialist earned $284,ooo, according to a Medscape physician compensation survey. The average primary care doc? $195,000. So, selling recent graduates on family practice isn't easy. Even if there's a lifetime supply of free lollipops.
Dr. Matthew Simon has been a pediatrician in Dallas for four years. He went to medical school in state and did his residency in Dallas. And get this: he's working in the very same office he used to visit for his own checkups when he was a kid.
Dr. Matt Simon and patient Jeremy Thomas. Simon chose to become a pediatrician, working in the same office he used to visit as a child.
Lauren Silverman/Marketplace
"There's no pediatrician I know of that's going hungry or doesn't have a home," Simon said. "But financially taking this job was not the right decision at all, but it's a decision that's proved fruitful in other ways."
This afternoon he's talking with patient Jeremy Thomas about vaccines and exercise. At 22, this will be Thomas's last visit with Dr. Simon and they're both a bit nostalgic. Simon said yes, he liked the adrenaline of working in the ER and the possibility of receiving higher paychecks as a specialist, but this gives him a chance to create long-lasting relationships with patients.
"That's what I enjoyed about it," Simon said. "It's not always a glamorous positions, but it is one of the most important ones."
That's especially true as health care shifts to a focus on prevention. Linda Green, a professor of health care management at the Columbia Business School, said higher reimbursements for primary care docs could help recruit future graduates, but there's a more immediate fix to the doctor shortage – it's called teamwork.
"Allowing nurse practitioners to practice the full scope of their abilities," Green said. "There are a bunch of states that don't allow that."
More states are allowing nurse practitioners to treat things like flu and strep throat so primary care doctors can take on more patients. Add to that idea doctors working in small group practices instead of on their own, and Green said you could significantly reduce the shortage.
"And it's better for the physicians," she said. "They have someone who backs them up who knows their patients, and particularly in this day and age when we have more electronic medical records the other physician can easily see the medical history of the patient and what's been going on."
If patients expect to see a doctor in a timely fashion, Green said we'll need to rely on more primary care training, better technology and teamwork.


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All Posts / Our Stories / Around the House: Dawson Curling Club celebrates 113 years of the International Bonspiel
Around the House: Dawson Curling Club celebrates 113 years of the International Bonspiel
They've been mining gold in Dawson City, Yukon, since the 1890s, and they've been curling in Dawson for at least that long.
It wasn't long after prospectors George Carmack, Dawson Charlie and Skookum Jim discovered gold in Bonanza Creek in 1896, that the burgeoning town of Dawson City established a curling club.
Early days at the Dawson Curling Club (Credit: Maclennan, K. / Library and Archives Canada / C-018653)
"The first rink was built on a slough in the south end of Dawson City," says long-time club member and current Club President Akio Saito. "[It consisted of] a light wooden frame, covered by canvas and accommodating two sheets of ice, and a dressing room."
Small beginnings, but by 1907, the Royal Caledonia Curling Club, the Scottish voice of all things curling at that time, had declared the Dawson Curling Club to be second largest in the world.
And by 1909, the club had expanded to a four-sheet facility with a steam-heated spectator room to accommodate all 143 members.
These days, curling in Dawson is facing the same challenges that confront other small-town facilities. With a year-round population of only 1900 to draw from, the curling club has seen its membership numbers drop thanks to the challenges of the current economic situation and the availability of other choices for winter activities – both outdoor and indoor. This season, the approximately 45 members participate in four nights of curling weekly on two sheets of natural ice: that includes two nights of open curling, and one each for a fixed team and women's league.
The view through the glass at recent action on the ice (Photo Daniel Sokolowski)
But reduced membership numbers haven't stopped the intrepid curlers of Dawson from hosting their annual "International Bonspiel" this season – for the 113th consecutive year.
The "international" label comes from a trend during the 1930s and 1940s for curling teams from Alaska to hop the border into the Yukon, brooms in tow, ready for competition and the socializing that goes with it.
"Attracting more out-of-town participation is proving extremely difficult," says Saito. "In recent years the club has concentrated on generating local participation."
Teams from Dawson as well as other Yukon communities play in four events, with a guarantee of three eight-end games and prizes for the winners in each event. With sixteen teams scheduled on two sheets of ice, curlers can expect a lot of curling – as well as two breakfasts, a Saturday night Chili Supper and a closing banquet with prizes on Sunday. In short, a typical small-town bonspiel.
Yes, it's a lot of work for a small club like Dawson, but Saito isn't daunted.
Taking the International Bonspiel outside (Photo courtesy Dawson Curling Club)
"As with most volunteer-dependent groups, the event depends heavily on a dedicated core group," he says. "However others come through during the event."
Keeping the bonspiel going annually is important to Dawson's curlers, but during the 2000-2002 seasons, they faced a dilemma when the club building was undergoing renovations.
"In order to ensure continuity of the International Bonspiel, the Club hosted the 2001 and 2002 bonspiels on the Yukon River. Two sheets of curling ice were laid out on the river ice. Two heated tents served as our lounge and change facility. Kool-aid powder was used to paint the rings, and string used for the lines," says Saito.
Although the outdoor version was extremely popular, the amount of work required to prepare the ice made it difficult for volunteers to maintain. Curlers have asked Dawson CC to hold the event outdoors again, but with volunteers already committed to keeping their curling facility going, there just aren't enough hands to go around.
It may be a small club, but in this small northern community, it still has a role to play, and not just during the winter as a curling facility. Once a month, the club hosts a fundraising event, on the ice during the curling season and off-ice during the summer.
But Saito isn't daunted. Yes, numbers may be low, and it may be a challenge to keep the International Bonspiel on the ice annually, but that just means that "we, as a club, have to work harder. Dawson volunteers are doing their part."
During club renovations, resourceful Dawson curlers took the International Bonspiel outside to the Yukon River (Photo courtesy Dawson Curling Club)
Around the House curling curling club Dawson Curling Club Royal Caledonia Curling Club yukon	2012-02-22
Jean Mills
Tagged: Around the House curling curling club Dawson Curling Club Royal Caledonia Curling Club yukon
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Whether you live in a Texas city, like North Richland Hills, or a whole other state, like Oklahoma, Louisiana or even as far as New York or California, Baylor Scott & White performs heart transplants in Texas at two of our locations—in Dallas at Baylor University Medical Center, part of Baylor Scott & White Health and in Central Texas at Baylor Scott & White Medical Center – Temple.
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Chicago - The Gleason Book Award Committee of the American Library Association Library History Roundtable is pleased to announce that the winner of the 2013 Eliza Atkins Gleason Book Award is Christine Pawley for Reading Places: Literacy, Democracy, and the Public Library in Cold War America (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 2010).
Presented every third year, the Gleason Award recognizes the best book written in English in the field of library history. First given in 2004, this award honors the professional contributions of Dr. Eliza Atkins Gleason, the first African American to receive a Ph.D. in Library Science (University of Chicago, 1940).
Christine Pawley retired in 2012 as Professor and Director of the School of Library and Information Studies and Director of the Center for the History of Print and Digital Culture at the University of Wisconsin-Madison.
A thoroughly researched investigation and analysis, Reading Places masterfully uses oral history to tell the story of a contested experimental regional library service in rural Wisconsin in the early 1950s. Dr. Pawley combines research in primary documents and library records, and use of contemporary periodicals and publications, with interviews that bring the topic to life in a most engaging way. The argument is conducted with awareness of a wide range of secondary literature as well. The book is written in a clear style that maintains high interest for the reader yet the analysis is scholarly in tone and intelligent in development.
A particular strength of Reading Places was the relationship of the events to wider historical, social, political and cultural trends. The light shed on American thinking during the Cold War, and on attitudes that later played into the "culture wars", makes this a work that has something important to say to a much wider audience than one would expect, and in reference to far more issues in American history. Reading Places exemplifies the potential value of library history as a means of investigating significant broader themes and trends. We congratulate Dr. Pawley for her important contribution to the professional scholarship.
The Gleason Award Committee was impressed by the high quality of the eligible nominees and the wide range of topics. Submissions included histories of a variety of periods and places from the ancient world to the twentieth century, histories of urban and rural library development, and institutional histories, as well as historical accounts of libraries and reading practices. The Committee would like to congratulate all the scholars who are contributing such important works to the field, and we would also like to thank the individuals and publishers who brought many of these works to our attention.


text:
Group of Eight
"G8" redirects here. For other uses, see G8 (disambiguation).
Russia (suspended)[1][2]
The Group of Eight was an inter-governmental political forum from 1997 until 2014.[3] It had formed from the Group of Seven after excluding the country of Russia,[2] and resumed operating under that name after Russia was disinvited in 2014.
The forum originated with a 1975 summit hosted by France that brought together representatives of six governments: France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States, thus leading to the name Group of Six or G6. The summit came to be known as the Group of Seven, or G7, in 1976 with the addition of Canada. Russia with a huge financial and economic weight[4] was added to the political forum from 1997, which the following year became known as the G8. In March 2014 Russia was suspended indefinitely following the annexation of Crimea, whereupon the political forum name reverted to G7.[5][6][7] In 2017 Russia announced its permanent withdrawal from the G8.[2] However, several representatives of G7 countries stated that they would be interested in Russia's return to the group.[8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] The European Union was represented at the G8 since the 1980s as a "nonenumerated" participant, but originally could not host or chair summits.[18] The 40th summit was the first time the European Union was able to host and chair a summit. Collectively, in 2012 the G8 nations comprised 50.1 percent of 2012 global nominal GDP and 40.9 percent of global GDP (PPP).
"G7" can refer to the member states in aggregate or to the annual summit meeting of the G7 heads of government. G7 ministers also meet throughout the year, such as the G7 finance ministers (who meet four times a year), G7 foreign ministers, or G7 environment ministers.
Each calendar year, the responsibility of hosting the G8 was rotated through the member states in the following order: France, United States, United Kingdom, Russia (suspended), Germany, Japan, Italy, and Canada. The holder of the presidency sets the agenda, hosts the summit for that year, and determines which ministerial meetings will take place.
In 2005, the UK government initiated the practice of inviting five leading emerging markets — Brazil, China, India, Mexico, and South Africa — to participate in the G8 meetings that came to be known as G8+5, but this practice was short-lived.[3] With the G20 major economies growing in stature since the 2008 Washington summit, world leaders from the group announced at their Pittsburgh summit in September 2009 that the group would replace the G8 as the main economic council of wealthy nations.[19][20] Nevertheless, the G7 retains its relevance as a "steering group for the West",[3] with special significance appointed to Japan.[21]
1.1 Food
1.2 Russia′s participation suspension (2014)
2 Structure and activities
2.1 Global energy
2.2 Annual summit
3 Criticism
4 Relevance
5 Youth 8 Summit
Main article: Group of Seven § History
Following 1994's G7 summit in Naples, Russian officials held separate meetings with leaders of the G7 after the group's summits. This informal arrangement was dubbed the Political 8 (P8)—or, colloquially, the G7+1. At the invitation of UK Prime Minister Tony Blair and U.S. President Bill Clinton,[22] President Boris Yeltsin was invited first as a guest observer, later as a full participant. It was seen as a way to encourage Yeltsin with his capitalist reforms. Russia formally joined the group in 1998, resulting in the Group of Eight, or G8.
Food[edit]
This section needs to be updated. Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (July 2017)
A major focus of the G8 since 2009 has been the global supply of food.[23] At the 2009 L'Aquila summit, the G8's members promised to contribute $22 billion to the issue. By 2015, 93% of funds had been disbursed to projects like sustainable agriculture development and adequate emergency food aid assistance.[24][25]
At the 2012 summit, President Barack Obama asked G8 leaders to adopt the New Alliance for Food Security and Nutrition initiative to "help the rural poor produce more food and sell it in thriving local and regional markets as well as on the global market".[26][27]
Russia′s participation suspension (2014)[edit]
On 24 March 2014, the G7 members cancelled the planned G8 summit that was to be held in June that year in the Russian city of Sochi, and suspended Russia's membership of the group, due to Russia's annexation of Crimea; nevertheless, they stopped short of outright permanent expulsion.[28] Russian foreign minister Sergei Lavrov downplayed the importance of the decision by the U.S. and its allies, and pointed out that major international decisions were made by the G20 countries.[29][5]
Later on, the Italian Foreign Affairs minister Federica Mogherini and other Italian authorities,[8][9] along with the EastWest Institute board member Wolfgang Ischinger,[10] suggested that Russia may restore its membership in the group. In April 2015, the German foreign minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier said that Russia would be welcomed to return to G8 provided the Minsk Protocol was implemented.[11] In 2016, he added that "none of the major international conflicts can be solved without Russia", and the G7 countries will consider Russia's return to the group in 2017. The same year, Japanese Prime Minister Shinzō Abe called for Russia's return to G8, stating that Russia's involvement is "crucial to tackling multiple crises in the Middle East".[12] In January 2017, the Italian foreign minister Angelino Alfano said that Italy hopes for "resuming the G8 format with Russia and ending the atmosphere of the Cold War".[13] On 13 January 2017, Russia announced that it would permanently leave the G8 grouping.[30] Nonetheless, Christian Lindner, the leader of Free Democratic Party of Germany and member of the Bundestag, said that Putin should be "asked to join the table of the G7" so that one could "talk with him and not about him", and "we cannot make all things dependent on the situation in Crimea".[14] In April 2018, the German politicians and members of the Bundestag Sahra Wagenknecht and Alexander Graf Lambsdorff said that Russia should be invited back to the group and attend the 2018 summit in Canada: "Russia should again be at the table during the [June] summit at the latest" because "peace in Europe and also in the Middle East is only possible with Russia".[15][16] The President of US Donald Trump also stated that Russia should be returned to G8; his appeal was supported by the Italian Prime Minister Giuseppe Conte.[17]Later the 4 EU members of G7, Canada and Japan anyway didn't agree about it.[31][32] After several G7 members quickly rejected US President Trump suggestion to accept again Russian Federation in the G8, Russian Foreign Minister Lavrov said Russian Federation isn't interested to rejoin the political forum G8. He also said that G20 is sufficient for Russian Federation.[33] In the final statement of 2018 Canada meeting, the G7 members announced to continue sanctions and also to be ready to take further restrictive measures against the Russian Federation for the failure of Minsk Agreement complete implementation.[34][35]
Structure and activities[edit]
Leaders of the G8 on 18 June 2013, in Lough Erne, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
By design, the G8 deliberately lacked an administrative structure like those for international organizations, such as the United Nations or the World Bank. The group does not have a permanent secretariat, or offices for its members.
The presidency of the group rotates annually among member countries, with each new term beginning on 1 January of the year. The rotation order is: France, the United States, the United Kingdom, Russia (suspended), Germany, Japan, Italy, and Canada.[36] The country holding the presidency is responsible for planning and hosting a series of ministerial-level meetings, leading up to a mid-year summit attended by the heads of government. The president of the European Commission participates as an equal in all summit events.[37]
The ministerial meetings bring together ministers responsible for various portfolios to discuss issues of mutual or global concern. The range of topics include health, law enforcement, labor, economic and social development, energy, environment, foreign affairs, justice and interior, terrorism, and trade. There are also a separate set of meetings known as the G8+5, created during the 2005 Gleneagles, Scotland summit, that is attended by finance and energy ministers from all eight member countries in addition to the five "outreach countries" which are also known as the Group of Five—Brazil, People's Republic of China, India, Mexico, and South Africa.[38]
In June 2005, justice ministers and interior ministers from the G8 countries agreed to launch an international database on pedophiles.[39] The G8 officials also agreed to pool data on terrorism, subject to restrictions by privacy and security laws in individual countries.[40]
Global energy[edit]
Main articles: International Partnership for Energy Efficiency Cooperation and Climate Investment Funds
G8 leaders confer during the 2009 summit in L'Aquila (Abruzzo, Italy).
At the Heiligendamm Summit in 2007, the G8 acknowledged a proposal from the EU for a worldwide initiative on efficient energy use. They agreed to explore, along with the International Energy Agency, the most effective means to promote energy efficiency internationally. A year later, on 8 June 2008, the G8 along with China, India, South Korea and the European Community established the International Partnership for Energy Efficiency Cooperation, at the Energy Ministerial meeting hosted by Japan holding 2008 G8 Presidency, in Aomori.[41]
G8 Finance Ministers, whilst in preparation for the 34th Summit of the G8 Heads of State and Government in Toyako, Hokkaido, met on the 13 and 14 June 2008, in Osaka, Japan. They agreed to the "G8 Action Plan for Climate Change to Enhance the Engagement of Private and Public Financial Institutions." In closing, Ministers supported the launch of new Climate Investment Funds (CIFs) by the World Bank, which will help existing efforts until a new framework under the UNFCCC is implemented after 2012. The UNFCCC is not on track to meeting any of its stated goals.[42]
Annual summit[edit]
Main article: Group of Seven § List of summits
The first G8 summit was held in 1997 after Russia formally joined the G7 group, and the last one was held in 2013. The 2014 summit was scheduled to be held in Russia. However, due to the Crimean crisis, the other seven countries decided to hold a separate meeting without Russia as a G7 summit in Brussels, Belgium.
The G8 leaders at the 36th summit in Huntsville, Ontario. Left to right: Cameron, Van Rompuy (European Council), Harper, Medvedev, Kan, Berlusconi, Obama, Barroso (European Commission), Merkel, Sarkozy.
Criticism[edit]
20 July 2001, 27th G8 summit in Genoa, Italy: Protesters burn a police vehicle
Some criticism centres on the assertion that members of G8 do not do enough to help global problems, due to strict patent policy and other issues related to globalization. In Unraveling Global Apartheid, political analyst Titus Alexander described the G7, as it was in 1996, as the 'cabinet' of global minority rule, with a coordinating role in world affairs.[43]
The Heritage Foundation has criticized the G8 for advocating food security without making room for economic freedom.[44]
Relevance[edit]
The G8's relevance has been subject to debate from 2008 onward.[45] It represented the major industrialized countries but critics argued that the G8 no longer represented the world's most powerful economies, as China has surpassed every economy but the United States.[46]
Vladimir Putin did not attend the 2012 G8 summit at Camp David, causing Foreign Policy magazine to remark that the summit has generally outlived its usefulness as a viable international gathering of foreign leaders.[47] Two years later, Russia was suspended from the G8, then chose to leave permanently in January 2017.
The G20 major economies leaders' summit has had an increased level of international prestige and influence.[48] However, British Prime Minister David Cameron said of the G8 in 2012:[49]
Some people ask, does the G8 still matter, when we have a Group of 20? My answer is, yes. The G8 is a group of like-minded countries that share a belief in free enterprise as the best route to growth. As eight countries making up about half the world's gross domestic product, the standards we set, the commitments we make, and the steps we take can help solve vital global issues, fire up economies and drive prosperity all over the world.
Youth 8 Summit[edit]
The Y8 Summit or simply Y8, formerly known as the G8 Youth Summit[50] is the youth counterpart to the G8 summit.[51] The summits were organized from 2006 to 2013. The first summit to use the name Y8 took place in May 2012 in Puebla, Mexico, alongside the Youth G8 that took place in Washington, D.C. the same year. From 2016 onwards, similar youth conferences were organized under the name Y7 Summit.[52]
The Y8 Summit brings together young leaders from G8 nations and the European Union to facilitate discussions of international affairs, promote cross-cultural understanding, and build global friendships. The conference closely follows the formal negotiation procedures of the G8 Summit.[53] The Y8 Summit represents the innovative voice of young adults between the age of 18 and 35. At the end of the summit, the delegates jointly come up with a consensus-based[54] written statement, the Final Communiqué.[55] This document is subsequently presented to G8 leaders in order to inspire positive change.
The Y8 Summit was organized annually by a global network of youth-led organizations called The IDEA (The International Diplomatic Engagement Association).[56] The organizations undertake the selection processes for their respective national delegations, while the hosting country is responsible for organizing the summit. An example of such a youth-led organization is the Young European Leadership association, which recruits and sends EU Delegates.
The goal of the Y8 Summit is to bring together young people from around the world to allow the voices and opinions of young generations to be heard and to encourage them to take part in global decision-making processes.[57][58]
1st International Student Model G8 2006 Russia Saint Petersburg
2nd Model G8 Youth Summit 2007 Germany Berlin
3rd Model G8 Youth Summit 2008 Japan Yokohama
4th G8 Youth Summit 2009 Italy Milano
5th G8 Youth Summit 2010 Canada Muskoka & Toronto
6th G8 Youth Summit 2011 France Paris
** Y8 Summit 2012 Mexico Puebla
7th G8 Youth Summit 2012 USA Washington D.C.
8th Y8 summit 2013 UK London
9th Y8 summit 2014 Russia Moscow*
* The Y8 Summit 2014 in Moscow was suspended due to the suspension of Russia from the G8.
D-8 Organization for Economic Cooperation
Forum for the Future (Bahrain 2005)
G3 Free Trade Agreement
G4 (EU)
G-20 major economies
Great Powers
Group of Two
Group of Eleven
Group of 15
List of countries by GDP (nominal)
List of countries by military expenditures
List of country groupings
List of G8 leaders
List of G8 summit resorts
List of longest serving G8 leaders
List of multilateral free-trade agreements
North–South divide
Western Bloc
World Social Forum
^ https://edition.cnn.com/2014/03/24/politics/obama-europe-trip/index.html
^ a b c "Russia just quit the G8 for good".
^ a b c "The Group of Eight (G8) Industrialized Nations". CFR. Archived from the original on 15 November 2013. Retrieved 21 September 2014.
^ http://publications.credit-suisse.com/tasks/render/file/index.cfm?fileid=14CB9EFE-CA2D-9BF7-77A24A6D4E5F4CAD[permanent dead link]
^ a b "U.S., other powers kick Russia out of G8". CNN.com. 24 March 2014. Retrieved 25 March 2014.
^ Smale, Alison; Shear, Michael D. (24 March 2014). "Russia Is Ousted From Group of 8 by U.S. and Allies". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 21 December 2015.
^ "Russia suspended from G8 over annexation of Crimea, Group of Seven nations says". National Post. 24 March 2014. Retrieved 21 December 2015.
^ a b "Italy hopes G7 returns to G8 format - Foreign Ministry". ITAR-TASS. 8 June 2014.
^ a b "Italy working for Russia return to G8". ANSA. 3 July 2014.
^ a b "Amb. Wolfgang Ischinger Urges Inclusion of Russia in G8 | EastWest Institute". www.ewi.info. Retrieved 2 March 2017.
^ a b Russian return to G8 depends on Ukraine ceasefire-German minister Reuters, 15 April 2015.
^ a b "Japan's Abe calls for Putin to be brought in from the cold". Financial Times.
^ a b "Italian Minister 'Hopes' For Russia's Return To G8". RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty.
^ a b "FDP's push to invite Putin to G7 sows discord within possible German coalition". Reuters.
^ a b "G7 beraten über Syrien und die Ukraine". Deutsche Welle (in German).
^ a b "Wir brauchen auch Russland, um Probleme zu lösen". Deutschlandfunk (in German).
^ a b "Trump calls for Russia to be invited to G8". Financial Times.
^ Until recently, the EU had the privileges and obligations of a membership that did not host or chair summits. It was represented by the Commission and Council presidents. "EU and the G8". European Commission. Archived from the original on 26 February 2007. Retrieved 25 September 2007.
^ "Officials: G-20 to supplant G-8 as international economic council". CNN. 25 September 2009. Retrieved 25 September 2009.
^ "G20 to replace the G8". SBS. 26 September 2009. Archived from the original on 27 September 2009. Retrieved 26 September 2009.
^ "Japan and the G20: Ambivalence and the China factor". 11 February 2011.
^ "Russia — Odd Man Out in the G-8", Mark Medish, The Globalist, 02-24-2006.Accessed: 7 December 2008 Archived 5 March 2008 at the Wayback Machine
^ "Cash-strapped G8 looks to private sector in hunger fight". Reuters. 18 May 2012. Retrieved 18 May 2012.
^ DoCampo, Isabel (15 March 2017). "A Food-Secure Future: G7 and G20 Action on Agriculture and Food". The Chicago Council on Global Affairs. Retrieved 16 April 2018.
^ "L'Aquila Food Security Initiative | TRACKING SUPPORT FOR THE MDGS". iif.un.org. Retrieved 6 February 2019.
^ Tandon, Shaun (18 May 2012). "Obama turns to private sector to feed world's poor". Agence France-Presse. Archived from the original on 31 January 2013. Retrieved 18 May 2012.
^ Patrick, Stewart M. (16 May 2012). "Why This Year's G8 Summit Matters". The Atlantic. Retrieved 18 May 2012.
^ "Ukraine crisis: Russia scathing about G8 suspension as fears grow". The Independent. 25 March 2014.
^ "Russia Temporarily Kicked Out Of G8 Club Of Rich Countries". Business Insider. 24 March 2014.
^ Tom Batchelor (13 January 2017). "Russia announces plan to permanently leave G8 group of industrialised nations after suspension for Crimea annexation". Independent.
^ "Subscribe to read". Financial Times.
^ "G7 leaders reject Donald Trump's call for Russia to be reinstated to group".
^ hermesauto (9 June 2018). "Russia brushes off possibility of G-8 return".
^ Editorial, Reuters. "The Charlevoix G7 Summit Communique".
^ http://tass.com/world/1008994
^ G8 Research Group. "What is the G8?". University of Toronto. Retrieved 8 March 2014.
^ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Japan): Summit Meetings in the Past; European Union: "EU and the G8" Archived 26 February 2007 at the Wayback Machine
^ "G5 Overview; Evolución del Grupo de los Cinco". Groupoffive.org. Archived from the original on 10 July 2009. Retrieved 27 June 2010.
^ "G8 to launch international pedophile database" David Batty 18 June 2005, The Guardian
^ "G8 to pool data on terrorism" Martin Wainwright, 18 June 2005, The Guardian
^ The International Partnership for Energy Efficiency Cooperation (IPEEC). 8 June 2008.
^ "G8 Finance Ministers Support Climate Investment Funds". IISD - Climate Change Policy & Practice. 14 June 2008.
^ Alexander, Titus (1996). Unraveling Global Apartheid: An overview of world politics. Polity Press. pp. 212–213.
^ Miller, Terry (17 May 2012). "G8 Food Security Agenda Should Encourage Greater Privatisation". The Heritage Foundation. Retrieved 18 May 2012.
^ Lee, Don (6 July 2008). "On eve of summit, G-8's relevance is unclear". Los Angeles Times.
^ "China marches towards world's No. 2 economy". CNN. 16 August 2010.
^ Bremmer, Ian (14 May 2012). "Welcome to the New World Disorder". Foreign Policy. Retrieved 16 May 2012.
^ Bosco, David (16 May 2012). "Three cheers for homogeneity". Foreign Policy. Retrieved 16 May 2012.
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^ Bogott, Nicole (June 2010). "Global gerechte Handelspolitik". The European (in German). Archived from the original on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 14 June 2014.
^ Dobson, Hugo (2011). "The G8, the G20, and Civil Society". In avona, Paolo; Kirton, John J.; Oldani, Chiara (eds.). Global Financial Crisis: Global Impact and Solutions. Ashgate. pp. 247, 251. ISBN 140940272X.
^ "Y7/Y8 and Y20 Summits".
^ Brun, Martine (July 2013). "Camille Grossetete, une Claixoise au Youth 8". Dauphiné Libéré (in French).
^ Kohler, Oliver (July 2010). "Traumjob Bundeskanzlerin". Märkische Oderzeitung (in German).
^ Castagna, Silvia (June 2013). "Da barista a ministro del G8 dei giovani". Il Giornale di Vicenza (in Italian).
^ "The President and CEO's Notebook: What is The IDEA?". Young Americans for Diplomatic Leadership. 22 April 2013. Archived from the original on 22 December 2015. Retrieved 21 December 2015.
^ "ladý Slovák zastupoval Slovensko a EÚ na mládežníckom summite G20". www.teraz.sk. June 2012.
^ Enenkel, Kathrin (2009). G8 Youth Summit and Europe's Voice 2009: Results and Reflexions.
Bayne, Nicholas and Robert D. Putnam. (2000). Hanging in There: The G7 and G8 Summit in Maturity and Renewal. Aldershot, Hampshire: Ashgate Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7546-1185-1; OCLC 43186692
Haas, P.M. (1992). "Introduction. Epistemic communities and international policy coordination," International Organization 46, 1:1–35.
Hajnal, Peter I. (1999). The G8 system and the G20 : Evolution, Role and Documentation. Aldershot, Hampshire: Ashgate Publishing. ISBN 9780754645504; OCLC 277231920
Kokotsis, Eleonore. (1999). Keeping International Commitments: Compliance, Credibility, and the G7, 1988–1995. New York: Garland Publishing. ISBN 9780815333326; OCLC 40460131
Reinalda, Bob and Bertjan Verbeek. (1998). Autonomous Policy Making by International Organizations. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-203-45085-7; OCLC 39013643
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"Wait, the G-8 still exists?", Foreign Policy Magazine
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No. of G8 Summit Protestors (1998-2015) Katapult-Magazin
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Equality before the law
Pax Europaea
Eurosphere


text:
ERM BUYS POWER STATION, PAYS OFF DEBT
ERM Power (ASX:EPW) has bought the Oakey Power Station outright and paid off its debt in the process by raising $74.7 million through a share placement.
The cost of buying the remaining 16.67 share in the power station was $31.5 million and the rest of the capital will be used to pay EPW's outstanding $40.9 million debt.
EPW issued 29.5 million new ordinary shares at a price of $2.53 per unit, a discount of 9.8% to the previous 10 business day average, to institutional and sophisticated investors.
Managing Director and CEO Philip St Baker believes the successful capital raising proves there is strong investor support for EPW's strategy to become the fourth pillar in the Australian electricity market.
EPW shares are trading 5.9 per cent down at $2.550 per unit today, but still above the price offered through the capital raising.
The company forecasts an underlying net profit after tax in the year to June 30, 2014 of between $2 million and $26 million – a $2 million upgrade on previous figures as a result of the acquisition.
"On an annualised basis the transactions will deliver a $28 million increase in free cash flow for the group, including a positive tax effect of $6 million. The acquisition also accesses an additional $20 million in franking credits," says St Baker.
"Oakey is a high quality, well located asset with an estimated replacement cost above $300 million. ERM Power looks forward to leveraging this asset to further accelerate its growth in the Australian electricity market."
The placement was jointly underwritten by UBS AG Australia Branch, CIMB Capital Markets (Australia) Limited, Morgans Corporate Limited and Petra Capital Pty Limited.


Importers of wholesale novelty animal gifts, insect specimens and animal household decor.
selection we offer to the wholesale gifts trade is amazing.
Cat Gift Items include glass boxes, key chains, candles, coin purses and more.
World Buyers offers a great selection of animal gift items for the wholesale market. See our candle displays of owls and birds. We have ceramic and metal animal statuary in a variety of selections. Take a look..
World Buyers has wide variety of Wholesale Forest Animal related gift items available to the Trade.
World Buyers has a variety of Frog Gift items for the wholesale market such as Frog Bone Carvings, Frog Boxes, Frog Sand Animals available wholesale to the Trade.
Speckled ecru and sage ceramic llama tray.


text:
Q: pattern finding in a string python I try to create a modified LZW which will find patterns of words inside a string. My problem is that 1st element is '' and last is not checked if it is in the list. I saw the  pseudo-code from here : https://www.cs.duke.edu/csed/curious/compression/lzw.html . Here is my script for compression:
string = 'this is a test a test this is pokemon'
diction = []
x = ""
count = 0
for c in string.split():
      print (c)
      print (x)
      #x = x + " " + c
      if x in diction:
            x += " " + c
            #print("debug")
      else:
            #print(x)
            diction.append(x)
            x = c
            count +=1
            #print(count)

print (diction)

I tried to fix the 2nd problem by 'appending' a random word to the end of the string but I don't think that's the best solution.
For the 1st problem I tried just to define the variable "x" as str or None but I get this < class 'str' > inside the list.

A: The link deals with character and splitting a string will give an array of words.
In order to get not an empty string in the dictionary and parsing the last element.
string = 'this is a test a test this is pokemon'
diction = []
x = ""
count = 0
for c in string.split():
      print (c)
      if x+" "+c in diction:
            x += " " + c
      else:
            diction.append(x+" "+c)
            x = c
            count +=1

print (diction)

But perhaps you would like something like :
string = 'this is a test a test this is pokemon'
diction = []
x = ""
count = 0
for c in string:
      print (c)
      if x+c in diction:
            x += c
      else:
            diction.append(x+c)
            x = c
            count +=1

print (diction)

A: I'm not sure what the code pretends, but to fix the issues that you mentioned I think you could do this:
string = 'this is a test a test this is pokemon'
diction = []
x = None
count = 0
for c in string.split():
    if x in diction:
        x += " " + c
    else:
        if x: diction.append(x)
        x = c
        count += 1

if not x in diction: diction.append(x)

print (diction)

The output for that code would be:
['this', 'is', 'a', 'test', 'a test', 'this is', 'pokemon']

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Hello, Friend! Are you looking for any retailer shore nearer to you that provides you everything at an affordable rate? Yes, Then today I am here with an article on the Family Dollar Holiday Hours along with its hours, its Wiki, its Customer Service Contact Detail and a locator to locate any store near to you.
In this article, you will get exact and to the point details on the Dollar Hours and also the Customer Service Contact details to get directly connected with it to learn more about it. So, please go through it and take advantage of this information; mention in this article.
Family Dollar is a nationwide chain of retail stores. It sells a wide variety of consumer goods at a very discounted rate to their consumer. One can find over about 8,000 store locations throughout the United States. Take care that there is an exception for the Alaska, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington.
Let us plan a visit to the nearest store for Holiday Shopping!
Family Dollar has its stores in all the largest cities of the United States which includes Atlanta, Cleveland, El Paso, Memphis, Philadelphia, Columbus, Houston, Miami, San Antonio, Chicago, Dallas, Detroit and more.
Let's start our journey with the Family Dollar Wiki.
The Family Dollar is the second largest dollar retailer in the United States. They sell everything that falls under the category of the Retailing. Retailing means thing related to Baby Care, Cleaning Essentials, Electronics, Family Apparel, Food & Beverages, Hardware, Health & Wellness, Home Decor, Household Products, Outdoor, Pet Supplies, Toys, and much more from this.
It was initially founded in the year of 1959 by the Leon Levine, a 21-year-old entrepreneur. In the November of the same year, the company opens his first store in the Charlotte, North Carolina of the United States.
In the year of 1961, They started their journey by opening the first store in South Carolina. Which is followed by another store's in the Georgia and in the Virginia, which are opened in 1962 and 1965, respectively. During the 1960s, the store's company was largely a southern United States operation. An amazing fact is that by 1969, there were about fifty stores in Charlotte alone.
During 1960, the store's company was largely a southern United States operation. An amazing fact is that by 1969, there were about fifty stores in Charlotte alone.
Below is the complete details of this company. Please go through it for accurate and to-the-point information at a quick view.
1959 in Charlotte, North Carolina, U.S.
Baby Care, Cleaning Essentials, Electronics, Family Apparel, Food & Beverages, Hardware, Health & Wellness, Clothing, Home Decor, Household Products, Outdoor, Pet Supplies, Cleaning Supplies, Grocery, Toys, and much more from this.
In general, many people search for the working hours of the Family Dollar like What Time Does Family Dollar Open? and What Time Does it Close?
So, to avoid your discomfort, Here are complete details on the working/business hours of the Dollar Hours in the below table. You can also check out the hours of operation for it.
Day What Time Does Family Dollar Open? What Time Does Family Dollar Close?
Please take that the store Hours may vary by location. For a specific store hour, try to contact your local store or the customer service department. You can also check locations and hours on the retailer Official website; www.familydollar.com.
All stores are open on holiday in accordance with their regular hours that is, are open at 08:00 AM in the morning and will be closed at 10:00 PM in the midnight.
Ans: Yes, it is opened on the above mention holidays with according to regular working hours of a normal week.
FAQ: Is Family Dollar Open on Sundays?
Ans: Yes, they are also open on the Sunday in accordance with their regular hours for a normal week. But, Take care that, hours may change from location to location. Also, note that hours may reduce or increase for a particular store on the weekend, that is on Sunday.
A unique feature of the Family Dollar store hours is the fact that most of store locations are open for all 7 days in a week, 365 days through out of the whole year. This makes Family Dollar one of the few stores, that are open on Christmas Day.
FAQ: Is Family Dollar store Open on Christmas Day?
Ans: Yes, The Family Dollar store's are one of the few stores, that are open on Christmas Day (25th December of a year). Since most of Store does not open on the Christmas Day.
Hey, Guys! Please note that few store's of Family Dollar locations may have shorter store hours during the holidays. Take care that these stores may open late, or close earlier on these special days from their regular hours. So, It is a good idea to check the hours of operation for the Dollar store near you during the holidays at home before visiting it.
Here is a way for you to opt. You can use the store locator to find specific information regarding your local Family Dollar hours on different or on any holidays. The Family Dollar store locator can be found on the official website, www.familydollar.com.
By this, you can save your precious time and also the fuel.
Hey, Guys! if you looking for Is any Family Dollar Store Near Me Now or My Current Location? Then, you have two option to choose, you can visit the official website; www.familydollar.com, and the second one is the google map.
As per my suggestion, the google map is the best option for you to visit and to avoid your discomfort, here I had already provided the google map. So that, you can easily find all Safeway store locations to save your priceless time and costly fuel.
By using the above map or locator, you can find any Dollar store nearest to you from anywhere in the World or anyone store from your list; which you want to visit.
If you need to learn something more details about Dollar store hours or its holiday hours, Dollar store locations, or Dollar stores in general. Then, Here is the contact details of it, So, you can use the contact details listed below. It will help you to get directly in touch with a Family Dollar customer service representative.
Address: Post Office Box 1017, Charlotte, North Carolina 28201, United States.
Take advantage of these details to learn anything that is related to its hours of Operation and its Holiday hours like Is Family Dollar stores are Open on the Thanksgiving Day? or On Easter Sunday?
I hope you would be like this post and enjoy a lot while going through it, but if you have any other query or problem regarding this post. Then please inform us by commenting for us in the below comment box. We will try our best to solve your problem as soon as possible by us, and if you like it, Then please share this article with your friends, near and dear ones on social media like Facebook, WhatsApp, etc.
Thank's a lot for visiting our site and stay tuned with us to refer the changes in the policies and system of the working of the Family Dollar Store.
Stay tuned with us for much like and related more article.


It has been nearly a month since Afthas Niflal almost lost his life at sea. The 22-year-old fisherman from the southern Sri Lankan town of Beruwala found himself caught up in 70km winds in the early morning of 8 June and was left clinging to his overturned boat before being rescued.
Fifty-four people, mostly fishermen, died in the storm and six were reported missing, according to the government's Disaster Management Centre (DMC).
Like most fishermen, Niflal said he would never have gone out had he been warned of the storm.
Two recent disasters - the latest, and an earlier one on 25 November 2011 - could have been mitigated had the country had an effective early warning system.
Under-resourced, the Sri Lankan Meteorological Department - responsible for issuing storm and cyclone warnings under the 2005 National Disaster Management Act - should have sent an official warning to DMC for public dissemination, and the lack of public awareness on disaster preparedness made things worse, said experts.
"Even if they receive warnings, hardly anyone knows what to do," Indu Abeyratne, programme manager for early warning at the Sri Lanka Red Cross Society (SLRC) told IRIN, adding that the national early warning system - established following the December 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami - is geared towards issuing tsunami alerts.
At least 75 tsunami warning towers on the coast are used to warn communities of possible tsunamis. DMC has also used mass media, the police and mobile phones to issue warnings and evacuation alerts. There has also been extensive work carried out on public awareness, building on tsunami-related safety requirements.
However, according to Abeyratne, changing weather patterns have made the island's two seasonal monsoons increasingly unpredictable and deadly, underscoring the need for more reliable storm alerts.
The southwestern monsoon runs from June to October, while the northeastern monsoon runs from mid-December to March.
After the June storm, however, government officials say steps were taken to improve early warning: more warnings were issued, rather than just weather updates.
Moreover, the Meteorological Department is now issuing regular warnings of strong winds and dangerous weather conditions, while DMC has begun updating its situation reports three times a day and making weather reports available online as soon as they are received.
DMC assistant director Sarath Lal Kumara said the Department had also been experimenting with issuing recorded warnings over the web and sending out regular updates to a selection of government officials, armed forces, police and media outlets using SMS text messages.
The Department will begin operating a new Doppler radar system in late August, allowing it to detect changing weather patterns at least three hours earlier.
But despite these efforts, the Department still lacked the necessary manpower and technological know-how to meet the many challenges posed by changing climate patterns, according to Director-General S. H. Kariyawasam. After the June storm, he said, it became clear the Department needed at least a dozen more trained meteorologists to man an effective 24-hour service.
SLRC's Abeyratne stressed the need for better public awareness on how to stay safe during heavy rains, floods or droughts - in tandem with increasing the efficiency of warnings. "One without the other will be useless," he said.


If the only takeaway from the botched prosecution of former Public Hospitals Authority (PHA) Chairman Frank Smith was the irreparable harm done to his reputation that would be bad enough.
However, the demonstrable recklessness of a government that insisted on investing the people's time and money on a case that appeared doomed to fail from the start, in what appeared to be a grasping need to back up campaign rhetoric, is, frankly, frightening.
After 18 months from arraignment to acquittal, Chief Magistrate Joyann Ferguson-Pratt threw out the corruption charges against Smith on Friday, after detailing why he had no case to answer.
Ferguson-Pratt said the prosecution failed to prove that Smith received $60,000 in bribes from Barbara Hanna, the owner of Magic Touch Cleaning Company, from 2016 to 2017.
Hanna alleged that she met Smith in 2016. However, the defense said that this meeting had to have taken place in 2015, as the PHA board resolved to award the contract on December 23, 2015.
The judge scorched Hanna as a witness and also questioned the behavior of two government ministers, Minister of Health Dr. Duane Sands and Minister of National Security Marvin Dames, with regard to their involvement with Hanna prior to the matter being reported to the police.
It is understood that Smith is preparing to sue the government for malicious prosecution.
And he is well within his rights to do so.
To be clear, what the Minnis administration has undertaken, whether or not it agrees, is the criminal prosecution of its political opponents shortly after replacing them in office — a dangerous prospect in countries with the clearest of delineations between the executive and public prosecutors.
The Bahamas is just warming up to this concept.
So much so that it was only after Smith, a former St. Thomas More member of Parliament; Kenred Dorsett, the former minister of the environment and Southern Shores MP; and Shane Gibson, the former minister of labor and National Insurance and Golden Gates MP, were charged before the courts on allegations of wrongdoing in public office, that the constitution was changed to reflect independence in prosecutions.
All three of these men are members of the Progressive Liberal Party (PLP).
All three of these men served prominently in the last administration.
The trials of Dorsett and Gibson have yet to start.
But the way that Frank Smith's trial fell apart, and the revelations unearthed before it did, should be instructive as to why it is imperative to make sure there is incredibly strong evidence when dragging your political foes into court.
Knowing the passions this would elicit, and the stakes involved, the government should have been certain what it alleged could stand up in a court of law.
It did not. And the aftermath has left egg on the face of the Minnis administration and serious questions about the administration of justice in The Bahamas.
Hanna was a nightmarish witness from the start of her testimony.
During her evidence in chief, she admitted to borrowing money from Smith to buy cleaning supplies for her company one month before she was awarded the contract.
Hanna also claimed that she only went to police after she received persistent calls from Assistant Commissioner Paul Rolle, who heads the Anti-Corruption Unit.
She demonstrated that she was actively avoiding the police.
She claimed she was testifying against her will.
She evaded questions about her legal financial relationship in the form of loans through Smith's companies, despite documents outlining this relationship being presented to the court.
She said she did not pay herself in order to allegedly pay Frank Smith, but her bank records show she was paying herself a salary.
Hanna also admitted to "warning" Frank Smith to "be careful, they are out to get" him, after she was reportedly in contact with government officials.
She then had what her doctor described as a stroke during the course of the trial.
Minister of Health Dr. Duane Sands admitted during the course of the trial that Hanna donated to his political campaign and her son worked on that campaign.
Sands admitted that he spoke with Hanna several times and, though he told her to report the matter to police, he still told her to apply for another PHA contract, though he didn't promise her anything.
Sands admitted to contacting Minister of National Security Marvin Dames on Hanna's behalf because she was reportedly afraid to go to the police.
Dames admitted to meeting with Hanna, and also referring her to the police.
Hanna, however, demonstrated she was not interested in meeting with police, and feigned not knowing why she was speaking with investigators.
The government watched this slowly self-destructing case under the watch of Edward Jenkins, QC, unfold, yet at no point sought to put a stop to it.
That the magistrate didn't find two sitting government ministers able to command "complete trust and confidence" when under oath, is a stinging indictment.
That, perhaps, pales in comparison to what occurred with the call logs in this case.
Ferguson-Pratt ruled that the call logs were inconsistent with the billing records.
The prosecution sought to lead that Smith was repeatedly calling Hanna, according to the call logs. However, the billing records showed the reverse to be true.
The judge said that this was "manipulated" to appear that Smith was reaching out to Hanna.
"I am satisfied that it is reasonable to find that the call logs produced were likely manipulated to create the false impression that the accused [was] persistently calling Barbara Hanna, when, in fact, it was the reverse," she ruled.
It boggles the mind that a judge would find that evidence in the custody of the state was "manipulated" to support the prosecution's case.
It requires future examination and an in-depth explanation from all those involved in the prosecution of this case.
Dr. Duane Sands is one of the brightest Bahamians to enter politics. He is a heart surgeon, indisputedly at the top of his field in this region.
He is well-respected for his skill and intellect. He has been financially successful, according to his public disclosures.
However, he seems to have long-harbored a desire to be in frontline politics.
He ran for the Elizabeth seat three times, ultimately being swept into office in the 2017 FNM wave.
Why he would entrench himself so deeply in this matter, when he has finally realized his goal of making nationwide change through Cabinet, is unclear.
However, he must have known that Smith's attorneys would have learned of his interactions with Barbara Hanna prior to Smith's trial.
He could not have somehow imagined that a capable legal defense attorney wouldn't question why he would approve a contract for Hanna's company for over $1.8 million, without the approval of the PHA board, while the last contract she was awarded was at the heart of an ongoing criminal court case.
He has yet to publicly respond to the ruling or Progressive Liberal Party (PLP) Leader Philip Brave Davis' call for him to resign or be fired, though Davis' call is hard to take seriously when he was dismissive of all manner of ethically ambiguous conduct by members of the Christie Cabinet in its last term in office.
Davis has also called for Dames to resign.
This seems like a reach.
It was unfortunate for Dames, a former career policeman who is likely the most effective and qualified national security minister The Bahamas has ever had, to involve himself so deeply in the pre-police interaction with Hanna, but it does not seem to rise to the level of conduct that would require leaving office.
He has since laughed off Davis' resignation call.
But it is hoped he'll act more prudently if contacted by his Cabinet colleagues to get involved with anything with a hint of such sordid spectacle moving forward.
As noted, Hanna had gotten loans from Smith's private company during the same time she claimed she was making the extortion payments.
Should Smith, as chairman of the PHA, have been involved in a private financial arrangement with a contract-holder under the authority he had oversight of?
But until the government makes such questionable behavior punishable by statute, that is more of a question for the court of public opinion than a court of law.
If the Minnis administration finds Smith's conduct in office unpalatable and outside of what it determines is normal and sound, then it should use the power of Parliament to make such behavior illegal.
The government is uniquely positioned to do this.
It is, in fact, squandering the mandate it received on May 2017.
Transparency International recently pointed out that though the Minnis administration came to office talking tough on corruption, it has not done enough in the way of putting legislation with teeth in place to stem it.
The full implementation of the Freedom of Information Act, and the passage of The Integrity Commission Bill would go a long way in the corruption fight.
But though the term seems young, the legislation requires much effort and public education beyond passage to make them effective.
The proposed groundbreaking integrity commission legislation comprehensively details acts of corruption, including the behavior of public officials with respect to the award of contracts and soliciting or accepting any personal benefit or providing an advantage for another person by doing an act or omitting to do an act in the performance of his or her functions as a public official.
The law would enable anyone with knowledge of alleged corruption to report it to the Integrity Commission.
In addition to establishing the Integrity Commission, the bill is intended to promote and enhance ethical conduct for MPs, senators and other public officials.
The government is now appealing Ferguson-Pratt's ruling.
We'll see what comes of the other cases, should they proceed to trial.
But so far, the government has embarrassed itself, two sitting ministers, the police and dragged Frank Smith through the mud internationally.
The Bahamian people have gained nothing from what has been ventured so far. And stand to lose much more.


text:
Q: Can't modify the value of the session within event handlers for websockets events I'm building a little flask&pyhon-based app and my main feature is based on websockets. I discovered that I can't modify the value of the sesssion within event handlers for websockets events(I'm using flask-socketio) because flask stores its session on the client side. So, as the author of the extension recomanded I installed flask-kvsession to store the session on the server-side in a redis-based backend.
I followed the instructions presented http://pythonhosted.org/Flask-KVSession/, but the problem persists. So I created a little program to show you what I'm talking about.
# main.py
from flask import Flask, session, render_template
from flask.ext.socketio import SocketIO
from pprint import pprint
import redis
from flask_kvsession import KVSessionExtension
from simplekv.memory.redisstore import RedisStore

store = RedisStore(redis.StrictRedis())

app = Flask(__name__)
app.debug = True
app.secret_key = 'secret!'
KVSessionExtension(store, app)
socketio = SocketIO(app)

@app.route('/')
def index():
    pprint(session)
    return render_template("client.html")

@socketio.on('connect')
def handle_connect(message):
    session['debug'] = 'debug'

    pprint(session)

if __name__ == "__main__":
    socketio.run(app)

<!-- templates/client.html  -->
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
    <head>
    </head>

    <body>
        <script type="text/javascript" src="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/
            socket.io/0.9.16/socket.io.min.js"></script>
        <script type="text/javascript">
            var sock = io.connect('http:localhost:5000');
            sock.emit('connect', {debug: 'debug'});
        </script>

    </body>

</html>

Here is the output of the werkzeug debuging server:
 * Running on http://127.0.0.1:5000/
 * Restarting with reloader
<KVSession {}>
127.0.0.1 - - [2014-07-04 21:25:51] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 442 0.004452
<KVSession {'debug': 'debug'}>
<KVSession {}>
127.0.0.1 - - [2014-07-04 21:26:02] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 442 0.000923
<KVSession {'debug': 'debug'}>

I'd expect that the second time when I will access that page the contents of the session to be 'debug': 'debug' but it is not.
Here is what happened on the redis server while I was running this app:
127.0.0.1:6379> MONITOR
OK
1404498351.888321 [0 127.0.0.1:38129] "GET" "136931c509f674e3_53b6e25b"
1404498352.073011 [0 127.0.0.1:38129] "GET" "136931c509f674e3_53b6e25b"
1404498362.455320 [0 127.0.0.1:38129] "GET" "136931c509f674e3_53b6e25b"
1404498362.612346 [0 127.0.0.1:38129] "GET" "136931c509f674e3_53b6e25b"

As you can see, the value of the session is accessed 4 times, but is never modfied.
So, what should I do to fix this bug?

A: As explained in the documentation, Flask-SocketIO does not write sessions back to the session store, it just keeps them in memory and accessible to socket handlers.
If you want changes to the server-side session to persist and be available to regular HTTP clients you have to save the session yourself after you make those changes. I haven't tested this myself, but I think this will do:
session.modified = True
app.save_session(session, make_response('dummy'))

Note that save_session() gets a dummy response. This will only work if the session was already established in a regular HTTP call before this. Obviously a new session will not be created with the code above, since the response will be discarded and never reach the client.