Warren Ellis is an amazing comic book writer whose career has spanned DC Comics and the Marvel Universe and independent comics companies. He wrote Red, which became a hot Bruce Willis action/comedy movie so successful a sequel is coming out. He's one of those writers whose every move is watched by comics fans and Hollywood (though it seems like those two groups are closer than ever to converging and becoming one).
I knew he'd become a novelist as well. I bought Crooked Little Vein when it came out, but for some reason I never got around to reading it. His second novel, Gun Machine, just seemed fascinating to me. I mean, a whole apartment filled with guns that had each been used in an unsolved murder? And the fact that the guns were set up in some weird symbolic pattern?
Well, that was a story I couldn't stay away from. I opened the book and barreled through the pages, trying to stay one step ahead of John Tallow, a Sherlockian kind of investigator who had just watched his partner get blown away in front of him.
Ellis has got this way of taking a strange character and making readers like him/her. At least, his fans do. And Ellis also has a way of thinking outside the box that just grips the imagination in an ultimate fighter cage match death grip – just will not let go. Ellis is twisty and wry and yet all-too human in his revelation of characters and events.
Granted, Tallow, Bat, and Scarly stop somewhere short of being fully fleshed characters, but they're deep enough that I felt like I knew them even though I didn't know much about them or who they had been before the novel revved up. There's just enough of them to hang a hat and coat on, and nothing to get in the way of the plot and the action.
Ellis winds his plot up to an unrelenting pace and the pieces are elegant clockwork when he begins to pull the mystery apart. I kept guessing as to what was really going on and what everything meant, but I didn't get it all figured out. When the solution was laid out, though, it made perfect sense.
There are a couple places where Ellis gives his characters and plot a nudge in the right direction, but everything else is done so well that I truly didn't care. I noticed it, then went right on turning pages because I couldn't quit the chase.
I don't know if Ellis plans to write another novel about John Tallow and company, but I'd definitely pick it up if he did. This is a great little novel that will satisfy crime readers in a variety of ways, especially by kicking some variety into the mystery/suspense arena.
This entry was posted on January 27, 2013 at 2:09 am and filed under Audiobook,Comics Related,Crime,detective,Suspense. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS feed.


text:
Items where Subject is "Social studies > Education Policy"
Joint Academic Coding System (JACS) (15)
Jump to: 2004 | 2005 | 2007 | 2008 | 2010 | 2011 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015
Morris, Andrew and Houghton, Nicholas and Clarke, Colin and Lockhart, Ian (2004) Participation by 17 year olds: a systematic review of the factors that influence participation in the second year of post-compulsory education or training. Project Report. Learning and Skills Development Body, London.
Farthing, Stephen and Bonaventura, Paul (2004) A Curriculum for Artists. The Laboratory at the Ruskin School of Drawing and Fine Art, and the New York Academy of Art. ISBN 0-9538525-3-9
D'Andrea, Vaneeta-Marie and Gosling, David (2005) Improving Teaching and Learning: a Whole Institution Approach. McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0335210686
D'Andrea, Vaneeta-Marie (2007) Improving Teaching and Learning in Higher Education: Can Learning Theory Add Value to Quality Reviews? In: Quality Assurance in Higher Education: Trends in Regulation, Translation and Transformation. Higher education dynamics, v. 20 . Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, Netherlands, pp. 209-223. ISBN 9781402060113
Wainwright, Chris and Tatchell, Nick (2008) Chris Wainwright (Head of College, CCW) in conversation with Venu Dhupa. In: Chris Wainwright (Head of College, CCW) in conversation with Venu Dhupa, 10/06/08, Chelsea Lecture Theatre.
Cussans, John and Trayner, Jon and Cooper, Andrew and Kenning, Dean and Wilson-Perkin, Phillip (2010) The Free School in a New Dark Age. UNSPECIFIED.
Young, Carey (2011) Contribution to MoMA conference: Contemporary Art Forum: Art Speech—A Symposium on Symposia. In: Contemporary Art Forum: Art Speech—A Symposium on Symposia, 21 - 22 May 2011, Museum of Modern Art, New York. (Unpublished)
Triggs, Teal, ICOGRADA (2011) The future of design education — Graphic design and critical practices: informing curricula. Icograda Design Education Manifesto 2011 (2).
Davidmann, Sara (2011) Gender identity and trans awareness. In: Equality & Diversity Forum: Supporting Trans Students at UAL, 16 May 2011, London, UK. (Unpublished)
Peters, Charley (2013) Connecting Voices, Developing a Space for Creative Communication. Project Report. University of the Arts London. (Unpublished)
Quinn, Malcolm (2014) '[T]he Royal Academy, and the effects produced by it': accounting for art education in 1835. Journal of Visual Art Practice, 13 (1). pp. 7-16. ISSN 1470-2029
Peters, Charley (2015) Correspond: 19 Painters. a-n.
Hatton, Kate (2015) Towards an Inclusive Arts Education. Trentham @ IOE PRESS, London. ISBN 978-1-85856-654-2
Collister, Simon (2015) Introducing the Good, Bad and Ugly of Internet Culture. In: Debates for the Digital Age: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly of Our Online World (Volume One). Praeger ABC-CLIO, Santa Barbara, CA..
Collister, Simon (2015) Introducing the Good, Bad and Ugly of Internet Culture. In: Debates for the Digital Age: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly of Our Online World (Volume Two). Praeger ABC-CLIO, Santa Barbara, CA.. ISBN 9781440801235

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


When should doctors let us go?
Beyond a certain point, however well meaning, the medical staff may be merely keeping the physical structure alive, not the person in it. They may be keeping the soul trapped there, hibernating, when it actually wants to live, to reach out and thrive; just not in this body any more.
This entry was posted in Spirit, Uncategorized and tagged life after death, releasing the spirit, The Path., theosophy by Bob Edward Fahey. Bookmark the permalink.


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Amidst the outpouring of grief over the MH17 tragedy and the countless letters expressing disgust over Israeli's act of genocide on the Palestinians, one letter tweaked my attention.
And, it had nothing to do with the Malaysia Airlines twin tragedies or the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Rather, it was on filial piety, and how Malaysia, having come this far - 57 years of independence - have yet to formulate a law to compel children to look after their parents.
Letter writer Ng Shu Tsung brought up an interesting point that has often been overlooked (NST, Aug 8). As children, we have an obligation towards our parents, to look out for their needs during their twilight years, although some parents, who are now living longer and healthier are more than capable of doing so on their own.
Ng had lamented how Malaysia does not have adequate laws where parents can take ungrateful children to court and compel them to pay maintenance fees.
He said aging parents were being unintentionally neglected by their children because of the higher cost of living, especially those in urban areas or Kuala Lumpur. They leave for work before the sun rises and come home late at night. Indeed, where is there time for them to bond with their parents?
As awful as it sounds, for a number of young couples, as a last resort, they would consider the option of sending their elders to an old folks' home. In a typical Asian culture, respect for elders, especially for one's parents, is important. In Malaysia, we address or refer to the aged with a certain sense of decorum. And, relegating them to an old folks' home to spend the remaining years of their lives is something we should not even be thinking of.
During a recent trip to Singapore while visiting my husband's first cousin, I learned of the republic's Maintenance of Parents Act, which came into effect in 1996.
I was told the law allowed residents over 60 years old who were unable to care for themselves to claim maintenance from their children, either in a one-off payment format, or apportioned out in monthly allowances. A special tribunal will hear the cases and decide whether payment should be made, and the quantum, based on the parents' financial needs and the child's financial obligations. The law also stipulates that only basic amenities and physical needs of the applicant, including shelter, food and clothing are required.
From the moral perspective, looking after one's parents is the responsibility of the children, not society.
If they are unable to do so, then it is in the best interest of their parents that the children find the best alternative.
Interestingly, Singapore is not the only country that had such a law. Some 29 states in the United States have similar laws, however, in some places it is not enforced.
Two months ago, a colleague journalist resigned from his job so that he could dedicate his time to care for his elderly parents. Given the hectic pace of a journalist's job, he would never have been able to juggle his career and take care of them at the same time.
Perhaps, if Malaysia had such laws, those who are still in the prime of their lives, my journalist friend, for instance, would be able to carry on with his job and be productive, at the same time be able to care for his parents.
Considering that Malaysia is an ageing population, does it not make sense for the government to come up with a law to protect the rights of the senior citizens and help them live a comfortable and purposeful life during their twilight years?
Isn't it time that we remember our parents for their sacrifice and that filial piety duty to care for them, because without them, we won't be here?


Metal Slug 3 – the game is very similar to the counter on the console, who played, probably remembers. You have to destroy all enemies in your long journey. The game, despite its simplicity, is very diverse and diverse. First of all, it is worth noting that the main character will be able to ride elephants and camels, poke on tanks and swim on the ship, and also storm the coastal strip. In addition, there are several modes of the game – arcade, as well as the mode of missions. The second is more difficult, therefore it is better to practice in the first. And, of course, you are waiting for powerful bosses! Well, in addition to the above, I want to add that the game has the ability to play with friends via Bluetooth. Oh, yes, almost forgot … Each level and location has several options for passing, so that only you decide where to send the hero!
How to transfer file? I dont know what to do. Please answer.
Some people here are ignorance they dont know how to download and run the game! Morons!


This game is playable only on Apple Watch!
Space is cold and hostile. Your singular goal is to rescue as many astronauts floating in the vast emptiness as you can. Sounds simple, but don't underestimate the dangers of space!
Be careful! Killing even a single astronaut terminates your mission - with shame!
Avoid asteroids. They will destroy your ship!
Enjoy the adventure and share with your friends!


It's my best mate's birthday this weekend, and I needed to get him the best gift. I already had a nice surprise planned for up him , but i needed an icing on the cake. Now, there are two things you need to know about this mate of mine, the first thing is that he is one of the coolest people I know, the second is that He loves to drink- he is sort of a functioning Alcoholic; sort of, lol.
Well, I decided to start a new tradition with him, a shot of whisky on the morning of his birthday. So I called up my favourite image consultant, Iven Alger, and we made our way to The Whisky Shop, to get my best mate the perfect ale to start his day.
I have to say, I love the whisky shop, architecturally speaking, it's one of the best store interiors in the heart of Manchester. It has this luxurious ambience void of the pretentious, and that is a rare. almost paradoxical mix.
The first suggestion Alex made was probably my favourite; An 18 year old autumnal gold single malt scotch whisky. The initial aroma is of bruised pear and freshly stacked hay. Oily to the feel with a sweet dry taste and that signature warmth to finish. Perhaps what I loved most about this bottle was the story Alex told me about the distillery where it was casked. The story of the Glenloisse distillery founded by John Duff is one to read up on if you have the chance- it's a story of grit and the entrepreneurial resilience to survive against all odds.
After minutes of deliberation, and a handful of shots, my final pick was this Loch Fyne Honey & Ginger Liqueur. With it's classic revitalising herbal notes of honey and ginger, Loch Fyne's masterpiece of a liqueur is probably the perfect liqueur to kick start a new birthday tradition.


text:
Events, Television, The Inside Noise
South Park to Debut Escape Room at SDCC
Fans of Cartman where are you? South Park has quite the experiences set for you! Comedy Central has announced today that the 22nd season of the Emmy® and Peabody® Award-winning South Park will premiere on Wednesday, September 26 at 10:00 p.m. ET/PT and also revealed that the #1 brand in comedy will be bringing two South Park activations to San Diego – Cartman's Escape Room and the Member Berries Challenge. The South Park Comic-Con escape room will give fans a sneak peek into a bigger, longer branded experiential execution that soon launch in major metropolitan areas across the US.
Cartman's Escape Room is making its worldwide debut at Comic-Con. Trapped! Caught in another one of Cartman's schemes, fans will now enter the most impossible to escape place ever invented. Ten South Park fans will have a limited amount of time solve a series of puzzles using what they know about South Park to free themselves… before it's too late. This new South Park activation is free and open to the public at the San Diego Wine Center (200 Harbor Dr. #12, across from the Convention Center) from Thursday, July 19 through Saturday, July 21 from 9:30 a.m.- 7:00 p.m. and Sunday, July 22 from 9:30 a.m. – 5:00 p.m. [More]


The Housekeeping Service department of Ruger Clinic, a multispecialty practice in Toledo, Ohio, had $100,000 in direct costs in 2007. These costs must be allocated to Ruger's three revenue-producing patient services departments using the direct method. Two cost drivers are under consideration: patient services revenue and hours of housekeeping services used. The patient services departments generated $5million in total revenues in 2007, and to support these clinical activities, they used 5,000 hours of housekeeping services.
1) What is the value of cost pool?
CVP in managerial accounting is a form of cost accounting, It is a simplified model used for elementary instructions and short-run decisions.
CVP analysis expands the use of information provided by breakeven analysis. A critical point of CVP analysis is the point where total revenues equal total costs (both fixed and variable costs). At this breakeven point (BEP), the company will experience no income or loss. CVP employs the same basic assumptions as in break-even analysis. CVP assumes: 1) Constant sales price, 2) Constant variable cost per unit, 3) Constant total fixed cost, 4) Constant sales mix, & 5) Units sold equal units produced. These are simplifying, largely linearizing assumptions, which are often implicitly assumed in elementary discussions of costs and profits. One of the main methods of calculating CVP is Profit volume ratio is (contribution/sales)*100, where contribution = Sales – variable costs. Therefore it gives us profit added per unit of variable costs.
The graphs of above equations are linear because of assumptions of constant costs and price, and there is no distinction between units produced and units sold, as these are assumed to be equal. Profit can be computed by TR – TC, where profit can be negative o profit.
CVP is useful to Health services manager because it allows them to examine the effects of alternative assumptions regarding costs, volume, and prices. Such information helps managers to evaluate future courses of action regarding pricing and the introduction of new services.
4) Compare and Contrast the following three methods of developing capitation rates: fee-for-service approach; cost approach; and demographic approach.


If you're looking to help yourself or someone you love struggling with substance addiction in Vale, NC, Rehabs.com offers access to a comprehensive online catalog of executive private clinics, as well as a lot of alternatives. We can help you in locating addiction care centers for a wide variety of drug addictions to Suboxone, crack cocaine or other addictive substance or alcohol. Search for a top rehabilitation clinic in Vale now, and get rolling on the path to a sober life.
Breaking free from Dextropropoxyphene, Secobarbital, alcohol or other addictive drugs you or your loved one is addicted to takes an specifically-tailored treatment schedule. Two options of substance abuse treatment clinics in Vale can help you succeed: either Residential or Outpatient Rehab. Inpatient counseling offers long term benefits with longer stays in a highly-rated rehab program. Outpatient plans may be more opportune, but lack the stability and capability of 1 month programs to become clean. Ultimately, you are in control of your decision, and we are here to help you pick the best option.
Separating yourself from the setting of the abuse issue can help remove disturbances and temptations that prevent you from staying clean. When viewing rehabilitation as a restorative retreat, addicts will find executive private centers in cities outside of Vale, North Carolina. Offering retreat-like features, the highest-quality programs help achieve a physical, mental and emotional restoration. However, those looking for outpatient therapy may find a facility near your home is an easier decision.
Co-occurring disorders refers to someone who is simultaneously battling both drug or alcohol abuse problems and behavioral or mental problems. For instance, an addiction to Methadone or opiates combined with an internet addiction, OCD or bipolar disorder. For these individuals, a residential treatment center is definitely preferable, incorporating quality inpatient therapies with support group aid, such as one might find in AA. Luxury drug rehabs in Vale, North Carolina will provide state-of-the-art treatment with upscale amenities for anyone requiring the very best substance treatment, just as Vale alcohol rehab centers will help those battling alcoholism to return to sober living.
Note About Insurance for Addiction Treatment: ValueOptions, Great West Insurance and MVP Health Care often cover at least some of your rehabilitation, and you can find out more about your own coverage or benefit status here.


Description Boolean cut between attached a and b produces no hole, just a partition by faces.
There is no hole in 'r'; 'explode r Fa' produces 'r_15', 'r_16', 'r_17' that should be suppressed.
Note that 'checkshape' and 'bopcheck' find no errors.
The problem is fixed by the fix for the issue #29646 and should be closed after integration of the latter.


Earlier this week I headed to Minneapolis to join about 1,500 DMO professionals at Destination Marketing Association International's annual conference. Led by new president and CEO Don Welsh, DMAI sought to make this year's event bigger and better with the theme "It's a Brand New Day." This being my first time attending the show, I have no point of reference with which to compare—though the highly energetic opening session that saw Welsh shaking his groove thang to KC and The Sunshine Band's "Boogie Shoes" certainly kicked off the conference on a high note. (That evening's reception at the brand-new U.S. Bank Stadium didn't hurt, either.) If you didn't make it to the show, here are a few trends I picked up on that are worthy of note.
Medical association planners are the new popular kids. Nearly every DMO prof I spoke with said growing their city's focus on this segment was high priority, so the battle to win medical meetings business is getting tougher by the day. As more cities up their game by adding world-class medical facilities (Austin, Texas, even has a new medical school—showoffs!), upgrading convention centers and bulking up guest room counts, second- and even third-tier cities are getting a chance at scoring major medical association business.
Airlift has been, is and always will be a major make (or break) for DMOs. When asked about what's new in their cities, many CVB executives I spoke with talked about new flights the way a kid might share about his puppy. While it sounds funny to get excited about air travel these days, direct routes can be game changers for a destination—take a new direct from New York City to Sydney (coming soon, promises Paul M. Griffin, business events manager of Americas for Tourism Australia), for example. After all, even the most beautiful hotel at the most affordable price isn't going to work if you can't get attendees there.


text:
Women in the United States House of Representatives
This article is part of a series on the
politics and government of
Speaker Nancy Pelosi (D)
Majority Leader Steny Hoyer (D)
Minority Leader Kevin McCarthy (R)
President Mike Pence (R)
President Pro Tempore Chuck Grassley (R)
Majority Leader Mitch McConnell (R)
Minority Leader Chuck Schumer (D)
Donald Trump (R)
Mike Pence (R)
Chief Justice John Roberts
District courts (list)
Other tribunals
Off-year elections
presidential primary
Legislatures (list)
Secretary of State: Mike Pompeo
Diplomatic missions of / in the United States
United States and the United Nations
Women have served in the United States House of Representatives since the 1917 entrance of Jeannette Rankin from Montana, a member of the Republican Party. 345 women have served as U.S. Representatives and seven more women have sat as non-voting delegates. As of January 3, 2021, there are 122 women in the U.S. House of Representatives (counting four female non-voting delegates), making women 27.2% of the total of U.S. Representatives.[1] Of the 352 women who have served in the House, 231 have been Democrats (including four from U.S. territories or the District of Columbia) and 121 have been Republicans (including three from U.S. territories, including pre-statehood Hawaii). One woman has served in the highest office of the House, Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi from California, a member of the Democratic Party.
Women have been elected to the U.S. House of Representatives from 46 of the 50 states. The states that have not elected a woman to the U.S. House of Representatives are Alaska, Mississippi, North Dakota, and Vermont—though Alaska, Mississippi, and North Dakota have elected women to the United States Senate. Women have also been sent to Congress from 5 of the 6 territories of the United States; the only territory that has not sent a woman to the U.S. House of Representatives is the Northern Mariana Islands. California has elected more women to Congress than any other state, with 44 U.S. Representatives elected since 1923. To date, no woman who has served in the House has ever previously been a senator, been elected to represent more than one state in non-consecutive elections, switched parties, or served as a third party member in her career, though one was reelected as an Independent.
1 Firsts
2 List of states represented by women
3 Widow's succession
4 Number of women
4.1 Number of women in the United States House of Representatives and Senate by Congress
4.2 Number of women in the United States House of Representatives by party
4.3 Percentage of women by party and year
5 List of female members
5.1 Female members whose service began between 1917 and 1932
5.10 Female members whose service began between 2013 and present
6 Pregnancies
Sometimes called the "Lady of the House", Jeannette Rankin entered the U.S. House of Representatives in 1917 as the first woman in Congress.
Nancy Pelosi, 52nd Speaker of the United States House of Representatives (2007–2011, 2019–), the only woman to hold the position.
Jeannette Rankin entered the U.S. House of Representatives in 1917 as the first woman in either chamber of Congress.[2]
Florence Prag Kahn entered the U.S. House of Representatives in 1925 as the first Jewish and thus non-Christian woman in either chamber of Congress.[3]
U.S. Representative Vera Buchanan died in 1955, making her the first woman in either chamber to die in office.[4]
Patsy Mink, an Asian American, entered the U.S. House of Representatives in 1965 as the first woman of color in either chamber of Congress.[5][6]
In 1969, U.S. Representative Charlotte Reid became the first woman to wear pants in the U.S. House of Representatives or U.S. Senate.[7]
Shirley Chisholm entered the U.S. House of Representatives in 1969 as the first African-American woman in either chamber of Congress.[8]
In 1973, U.S. Representative Yvonne Brathwaite Burke became the first member of the U.S. House of Representatives or U.S. Senate to give birth while in office, and she was the first person to be granted maternity leave by the Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives, with the birth of her daughter Autumn.[9][10]
The gym of the U.S. House of Representatives (with the exception of its swimming pool) first opened to women in 1985, the gym having previously been male-only. The swimming pool opened to women in 2009, the pool having previously been male-only.[11]
Barbara Vucanovich entered the U.S. House of Representatives in 1983 as the first Hispanic woman or Latina in either chamber of Congress.
In late 1990, Hawaii became the first state with a House delegation of all women of color, Patsy Mink and Pat Saiki.
Jo Ann Emerson re-entered the House of Representatives in 1997 as the first and, so far, only woman (re)elected as neither a Democrat nor a Republican from any state to either chamber of Congress.[12] Initially, she was specially elected as a Republican late in the 104th Congress before leaving the party for a while to run as a politically unaffiliated candidate for reelection to a full term in the 1996 election and rejoined the Republicans early in the 105th Congress.
Tammy Baldwin entered the U.S. House of Representatives in 1999 as the first openly gay woman in either chamber of Congress.[13][14][15]
Nancy Pelosi became the first female House Minority Whip in 2002.[16] She went on to become the first and only to date female Speaker of the United States House of Representatives in 2007.[17]
Also in 2007, Mazie Hirono entered the U.S. House of Representatives as the first female Buddhist in either chamber of Congress.
In 2011, the U.S. House of Representatives got its first women's bathroom near the chamber (Room H-211 of the U.S. Capitol).[18]
Tulsi Gabbard entered the U.S. House of Representatives in 2013 as the first Hindu person in either chamber of Congress.[19][20]
Also in 2013, Kyrsten Sinema entered the U.S. House of Representatives as the first openly bisexual woman in either chamber of Congress.
In the 2018 general elections, there was a wave of firsts elected to the United States House of Representatives for the 116th Congress. A record-breaking 103 women were elected or re-elected into the United States House of Representatives, causing many to call it the "Year of the Woman".[21] Ilhan Omar and Rashida Tlaib became the first Muslim women ever elected to either house of Congress, with Tlaib the first Palestinian-American woman elected to Congress and Omar the first Somali American of either sex to be elected. Angie Craig became the first lesbian mother to be elected to Congress. Sharice Davids and Deb Haaland became the first Native American women elected to the U.S. House of Representatives.
In 2020, Republican Stephanie Bice was elected to become the first Iranian American and first woman of Iranian parentage in Congress,[22] and her fellow Republican, Yvette Herrell, was also elected as the first Cherokee woman in Congress. Additional Republicans Michelle Steel and Young Kim, and Democrat Marilyn Strickland were elected as the first Korean American women in Congress.
List of states represented by women
Current Reps.
Previous Reps.
U.S. House seats
Alabama 1 2 3 7
Alaska 0 0 0 1
Arkansas 0 4 4 4
California 19 25 44 53
Connecticut 2 6 8 5
Delaware 1 0 1 1
Florida 7 13 20 27
Georgia 4 5 9 14
Hawaii 0 6 6 2
Idaho 0 2 2 2
Illinois 5 13 18 18
Indiana 2 6 8 9
Iowa 3 1 4 4
Kansas 1 5 6 4
Kentucky 0 2 2 6
Louisiana 0 2 2 6
Maine 1 2 3 2
Maryland 0 8 8 8
Massachusetts 3 4 7 9
Michigan 6 7 13 14
Mississippi 0 0 0 4
Missouri 2 5 7 8
Montana 0 1 1 1
Nebraska 0 1 1 3
Nevada 2 3 5 4
New Hampshire 1 1 2 2
New Jersey 2 5 7 12
New Mexico 2 4 6 3
New York 8 21 29 27
North Carolina 4 4 8 13
North Dakota 0 0 0 1
Ohio 2 8 10 16
Oklahoma 1 3 4 5
Oregon 1 3 4 5
Pennsylvania 4 6 10 18
Rhode Island 0 1 1 2
South Carolina 1 5 6 7
South Dakota 0 2 2 1
Tennessee 1 6 7 9
Texas 7 3 10 36
Utah 0 4 4 4
Virginia 3 4 7 11
Washington 6 5 11 10
West Virginia 1 2 3 3
Wisconsin 1 1 2 8
Wyoming 1 2 3 1
Widow's succession
Mae Ella Nolan was the first woman elected to her husband's seat in Congress, which is sometimes known as the widow's succession. In the early years of women in Congress, the seat was held only until the next election, and the women retired after that single Congress. She thereby became a placeholder, merely finishing out her late husband's elected term. As the years progressed, however, more and more of these widow successors sought re-election. These women began to win their own elections.
38 widows have won their husbands' seats in the House, and eight have won their husbands' seats in the Senate. The only current example is Representative Doris Matsui of California. The most successful example is Margaret Chase Smith of Maine, who served a total of 32 years in both houses and became the first woman elected to both the House and the Senate. She began the end of McCarthyism with a famous speech, "The Declaration of Conscience", became the first major-party female presidential candidate and the first woman to receive votes at a national nominating convention, and was the first (and highest ranking to date) woman to enter the Republican Party Senate leadership (in the third-highest post of Chairwoman of the Senate Republican Conference). The third woman elected to Congress, Winnifred Huck, was similarly elected to her father's seat.
Number of women
Number of women in the United States House of Representatives and Senate by Congress
Women U.S. Representatives of the 113th Congress
A gradient map showing the current numbers of each gender in the US House of Representatives by state. (Last updated: January 10, 2021)
Only male representatives
Even male/female split
Only female representatives
The number of women who sought and won election to Congress in each election cycle from 1974 to 2018.[23] [24]
Number of women in the United States Congress (1917–2023):[25][26]
in Congress
65th 1917–1919 1 0.2%
66th 1919–1921 0 0%
71st 1929–1931 9 1.7%
72nd 1931–1933 8 1.5%
73rd 1933–1935 8 1.5%
77th 1941–1943 10 1.9%
81st 1949–1951 10 1.9%
82nd 1951–1953 11 2.1%
83rd 1953–1955 15 2.8%
100th 1987–1989 26 4.9%
101st 1989–1991 31 5.8%
102nd 1991–1993 33 6.2%
103rd 1993–1995 55 10.3%
104th 1995–1997 59 11.0%
113th 2013–2015 101[27] 19.1%
114th 2015–2017 104 19.4%
Number of women in the United States House of Representatives by party
Notes: "% of party" is taken from voting members at the beginning of the Congress, while numbers and "% of women" include all female House members of the given Congress
Women total
% of women
% of party
65th 1917–1919 1 1 100% 0.5% 0 0.0% 0.0%
66th 1919–1921 0 0 0.0% 0.0% 0 0.0% 0.0%
69th 1925–1927 3 2 66.7% 0.4% 1 33.3% 0.5%
71st 1929–1931 9 5 55.6% 1.9% 4 44.4% 1.8%
72nd 1931–1933 7 3 42.9% 1.4% 4 57.1% 1.4%
73rd 1933–1935 7 3 42.9% 1.7% 4 57.1% 1.0%
79th 1945–1947 11 5 45.5% 2.6% 6 54.5% 1.7%
82nd 1951–1953 10 6 60.0% 3.0% 4 40.0% 0.9%
83rd 1953–1955 12 7 58.3% 2.7% 5 41.7% 2.3%
84th 1955–1957 17 7 41.2% 3.0% 10 58.8% 3.4%
91st 1969–1971 10 4 40.0% 2.1% 6 60.0% 2.5%
92nd 1971–1973 13 3 23.1% 1.1% 10 76.9% 3.5%
93rd 1973–1975 16 2 12.5% 1.0% 14 87.5% 5.0%
97th 1981–1983 21 10 47.6% 4.7% 11 52.4% 3.7%
100th 1987–1989 23 11 47.8% 6.0% 12 52.2% 4.3%
101st 1989–1991 29 13 44.8% 6.0% 16 55.2% 5.6%
102nd 1991–1993 30 9 30.0% 5.5% 21 70.0% 7.0%
103rd 1993–1995 48 12 25.0% 6.8% 36 75.0% 13.6%
104th 1995–1997 50 18 36.0% 7.4% 32 64.0% 14.7%
116th 2019–2021 102 13 12.7% 6.5% 89 87.3% 37.9%
117th 2021–2023 122 30 24.6% 13.3% 92 75.4% 40.5%
Percentage of women by party and year
Showing the data tabulated below as a graph
List of female members
This is a complete list of women who have served as U.S. Representatives or delegates of the United States House of Representatives. Members are grouped by the apportionment period during which such member commenced serving. This list includes women who served in the past and who continue to serve in the present.
Female members whose service began between 1917 and 1932
(lifespan)
Term start
Term end
Reason(s) for leaving
Jeannette Rankin
[a] Republican Montana at-large March 4, 1917 March 4, 1919 Retired to run unsuccessfully for the Republican nomination for the 1918 United States Senate election in Montana
Montana's 1st January 3, 1941 January 3, 1943 Retired
Alice Robertson
[b] Republican Oklahoma's 2nd March 4, 1921 March 4, 1923 Lost reelection
Winnifred Huck
[c] Republican Illinois at-large November 7, 1922 March 4, 1923 Lost renomination
Mae Nolan
[d] Republican California's 5th January 23, 1923 March 4, 1925 Retired
Florence Kahn
[e] Republican California's 4th March 4, 1925 January 3, 1937 Lost reelection
Mary Norton
[f] Democratic New Jersey's 12th & 13th March 4, 1925 January 3, 1951 Retired
Edith Rogers
[g] Republican Massachusetts's 5th June 30, 1925 September 10, 1960 Died in office
Katherine G. Langley
[h] Republican Kentucky's 7th March 4, 1927 March 4, 1931 Retired
Pearl Oldfield
[i] Democratic Arkansas's 2nd January 9, 1929 March 4, 1931 Retired
Ruth McCormick
[j] Republican Illinois at-large March 4, 1929 March 4, 1931 Retired to run unsuccessfully for the 1930 United States Senate election in Illinois
Ruth Owen
[k] Democratic Florida's 4th March 4, 1929 March 4, 1933 Lost renomination[l]
Ruth Pratt
(1877–1965) Republican New York's 17th March 4, 1929 March 4, 1933 Lost reelection
Effiegene Wingo
[m] Democratic Arkansas's 4th November 4, 1930 March 4, 1933 Retired
Willa Eslick
[n] Democratic Tennessee's 7th August 14, 1932 March 4, 1933 Not eligible for reelection having not qualified for nomination
Virginia E. Jenckes
(1877–1975) Democratic Indiana's 6th March 4, 1933 January 3, 1939 Lost reelection
Kathryn O'Loughlin-McCarthy
(1894–1952) Democratic Kansas's 6th March 4, 1933 January 3, 1935 Lost reelection
Isabella Greenway
(1886–1953) Democratic Arizona at-large October 2, 1933 January 3, 1937 Retired
Marian W. Clarke
[o] Republican New York's 34th December 28, 1933 January 3, 1935 Retired
Caroline O'Day
(1869–1943) Democratic New York at-large January 3, 1935 January 3, 1943 Retired
Nan Honeyman
(1881–1970) Democratic Oregon's 3rd January 3, 1937 January 3, 1939 Lost reelection
Elizabeth Gasque
[p] Democratic South Carolina's 6th September 13, 1938 January 3, 1939 Retired
Jessie Sumner
(1898–1994) Republican Illinois's 18th January 3, 1939 January 3, 1947 Retired
Clara G. McMillan
[q] Democratic South Carolina's 1st November 7, 1939 January 3, 1941 Retired
Frances P. Bolton
[r] Republican Ohio's 22nd February 27, 1940 January 3, 1969 Lost reelection
Margaret Chase Smith
[s] Republican Maine's 2nd June 3, 1940 January 3, 1949 Retired to run successfully for the 1948 United States Senate election in Maine, thus becoming the first woman elected to the United States Senate in a general election without previously being appointed, elected in a special election, or succeeding her husband
Florence Gibbs
[t] Democratic Georgia's 8th October 1, 1940 January 3, 1941 Retired
Katharine Byron
[u] Democratic Maryland's 6th May 27, 1941 January 3, 1943 Retired
Veronica Boland
[v] Democratic Pennsylvania's 11th November 3, 1942 January 3, 1943 Retired
(1903–1987) Republican Connecticut's 4th January 3, 1943 January 3, 1947 Retired[w]
Winifred C. Stanley
(1909–1996) Republican New York at-large January 3, 1943 January 3, 1945 Retired
Willa L. Fulmer
[x] Democratic South Carolina's 2nd November 7, 1944 January 3, 1945 Retired
Emily Douglas
(1899–1994) Democratic Illinois at-large January 3, 1945 January 3, 1947 Lost reelection
Helen Gahagan-Douglas
(1900–1980) Democratic California's 14th January 3, 1945 January 3, 1951 Retired to run unsuccessfully for the 1950 United States Senate election in California
Chase G. Woodhouse
(1890–1984) Democratic Connecticut's 2nd January 3, 1945 January 3, 1947 Lost reelection
January 3, 1949 January 3, 1951 Lost reelection
Helen Mankin
(1896–1956) Democratic Georgia's 5th February 12, 1946 January 3, 1947 Lost renomination
Eliza Pratt
(1902–1981) Democratic North Carolina's 8th May 25, 1946 January 3, 1947 Retired
Georgia Lusk
(1893–1971) Democratic New Mexico at-large January 3, 1947 January 3, 1949 Lost renomination
Katharine St. George
(1894–1983) Republican New York's 29th, 28th & 27th January 3, 1947 January 3, 1965 Lost reelection
Reva Bosone
(1895–1983) Democratic Utah's 2nd January 3, 1949 January 3, 1953 Lost reelection
Cecil M. Harden
(1894–1984) Republican Indiana's 6th January 3, 1949 January 3, 1959 Lost reelection
Edna F. Kelly
(1906–1997) Democratic New York's 10th & 12th November 8, 1949 January 3, 1969 Lost renomination
Marguerite S. Church
[y] Republican Illinois's 13th January 3, 1951 January 3, 1963 Retired
(1887–1970) Republican Michigan's 9th January 3, 1951 January 3, 1957 Lost renomination
Elizabeth Kee
[z] Democratic West Virginia's 5th July 17, 1951 January 3, 1965 Retired
Vera Buchanan
[aa] Democratic Pennsylvania's 33rd & 30th July 24, 1951 October 26, 1955 Died in office
Gracie Pfost
(1906–1965) Democratic Idaho's 1st January 3, 1953 January 3, 1963 Retired to run unsuccessfully for the 1962 United States Senate election in Idaho
Leonor Sullivan
(1902–1988) Democratic Missouri's 3rd January 3, 1953 January 3, 1977 Retired
Elizabeth P. Farrington
[ab] Republican Hawaii's at-large July 31, 1954 January 3, 1957 Lost reelection
Iris Blitch
[ac] Democratic Georgia's 8th January 3, 1955 January 3, 1963 Retired
Edith Green
(1910–1987) Democratic Oregon's 3rd January 3, 1955 December 31, 1974 Retired
Martha Griffiths
(1912–2003) Democratic Michigan's 17th January 3, 1955 December 31, 1974 Retired[ad]
Coya Knutson
(1912–1996) Democratic (DFL) Minnesota's 9th January 3, 1955 January 3, 1959 Lost reelection
Kathryn E. Granahan
[ae] Democratic Pennsylvania's 2nd November 6, 1956 January 3, 1963 Retired[af]
Florence P. Dwyer
(1902–1976) Republican New Jersey's 6th & 12th January 3, 1957 January 3, 1973 Retired
Catherine May
(1914–2004) Republican Washington's 4th January 3, 1959 January 3, 1971 Lost reelection
Edna O. Simpson
[ag] Republican Illinois's 20th January 3, 1959 January 3, 1961 Retired
Jessica M. Weis
(1901–1963) Republican New York's 38th January 3, 1959 January 3, 1963 Retired
Julia Hansen
(1907–1988) Democratic Washington's 3rd November 8, 1960 December 31, 1974 Retired
Catherine Norrell
[ah] Democratic Arkansas's 6th April 19, 1961 January 3, 1963 Retired
Louise Reece
[ai] Republican Tennessee's 1st May 16, 1961 January 3, 1963 Retired
Corinne Riley
[aj] Democratic South Carolina's 2nd April 10, 1962 January 3, 1963 Retired
Charlotte Reid
[ak] Republican Illinois's 15th January 3, 1963 October 7, 1971 Resigned to become a member of the Federal Communications Commission
Irene Baker
[al] Republican Tennessee's 2nd January 7, 1964 January 3, 1965 Retired
Patsy Mink
[am] Democratic Hawaii's at-large January 3, 1965 January 3, 1977 Retired to run unsuccessfully for the Democratic nomination for the 1976 United States Senate election in Hawaii[an]
Hawaii's 2nd September 22, 1990 September 28, 2002 Died in office
Lera Thomas
[ao] Democratic Texas's 8th March 26, 1966 January 3, 1967 Retired
Margaret Heckler
(1931–2018) Republican Massachusetts's 10th January 3, 1967 January 3, 1983 Lost reelection[ap]
[aq] Democratic New York's 12th January 3, 1969 January 3, 1983 Retired
Bella Abzug
(1920–1998) Democratic New York's 19th & 20th January 3, 1971 January 3, 1977 Retired to run unsuccessfully for the Democratic nomination for the 1976 United States Senate election in New York
Ella T. Grasso
[ar] Democratic Connecticut's 6th January 3, 1971 January 3, 1975 Retired to run successfully for Governor of Connecticut
Louise Day Hicks
(1916–2003) Democratic Massachusetts's 9th January 3, 1971 January 3, 1973 Lost reelection
Elizabeth B. Andrews
(1911–2002) Democratic Alabama's 3rd April 4, 1972 January 3, 1973 Retired[as]
Yvonne Burke
(born 1932) Democratic California's 37th & 28th January 3, 1973 January 3, 1979 Retired to run unsuccessfully for Attorney General of California
Marjorie Holt
(1920–2018) Republican Maryland's 4th January 3, 1973 January 3, 1987 Retired
Elizabeth Holtzman
(born 1941) Democratic New York's 16th January 3, 1973 January 3, 1981 Retired to run unsuccessfully for the 1980 United States Senate election in New York
(1936–1996) Democratic Texas's 18th January 3, 1973 January 3, 1979 Retired
Pat Schroeder
(born 1940) Democratic Colorado's 1st January 3, 1973 January 3, 1997 Retired
Lindy Boggs
[at] Democratic Louisiana's 2nd March 20, 1973 January 3, 1991 Retired[au]
[av] Democratic Illinois's 7th June 5, 1973 January 3, 1997 Retired
Millicent Fenwick
[aw] Republican New Jersey's 5th January 3, 1975 January 3, 1983 Retired to run unsuccessfully for the 1982 United States Senate election in New Jersey[ax]
Martha Keys
(born 1930) Democratic Kansas's 2nd January 3, 1975 January 3, 1979 Lost reelection
Marilyn Lloyd
[ay] Democratic Tennessee's 3rd January 3, 1975 January 3, 1995 Retired
Virginia D. Smith
(1911–2006) Republican Nebraska's 3rd January 3, 1975 January 3, 1991 Retired
Gladys Spellman
(1918–1988) Democratic Maryland's 5th January 3, 1975 February 24, 1981 After suffering a debilitating heart attack and slipping into a comatose state, her seat was declared vacant by the House
Helen Stevenson-Meyner
(1929–1997) Democratic New Jersey's 13th January 3, 1975 January 3, 1979 Lost reelection
Shirley Pettis
[az] Republican California's 37th April 29, 1975 January 3, 1979 Retired
Barbara Mikulski
(born 1936) Democratic Maryland's 3rd January 3, 1977 January 3, 1987 Retired to run successfully for the 1986 United States Senate election in Maryland
Mary Oakar
(born 1940)
[ba] Democratic Ohio's 20th January 3, 1977 January 3, 1993 Lost reelection
Beverly Byron
[bb] Democratic Maryland's 6th January 3, 1979 January 3, 1993 Lost renomination
Geraldine Ferraro
(1935–2011) Democratic New York's 9th January 3, 1979 January 3, 1985 Retired to run unsuccessfully as the Democrat nominee for Vice President of the United States during the 1984 United States presidential election[bc]
Olympia Snowe
(born 1947) Republican Maine's 2nd January 3, 1979 January 3, 1995 Retired to run successfully for the 1994 United States Senate election in Maine
Bobbi Fiedler
(1937–2019) Republican California's 21st January 3, 1981 January 3, 1987 Retired to run unsuccessfully for the Republican nomination for the 1986 United States Senate election in California
Lynn Morley-Martin
(born 1939) Republican Illinois's 16th January 3, 1981 January 3, 1991 Retired to run unsuccessfully for the 1990 United States Senate election in Illinois[bd]
Marge Roukema
(1929–2014) Republican New Jersey's 7th & 5th January 3, 1981 January 3, 2003 Retired
Claudine Schneider
(born 1947) Republican Rhode Island's 2nd January 3, 1981 January 3, 1991 Retired to run unsuccessfully for the 1990 United States Senate election in Rhode Island
Barbara B. Kennelly
[be] Democratic Connecticut's 1st January 12, 1982 January 3, 1999 Retired to run unsuccessfully for the 1998 Connecticut gubernatorial election
Jean Spencer-Ashbrook
[bf] Republican Ohio's 17th June 29, 1982 January 3, 1983 Retired
(1938–2012) Democratic Indiana's 1st November 2, 1982 January 3, 1985 Lost renomination
Barbara Boxer
(born 1940) Democratic California's 6th January 3, 1983 January 3, 1993 Retired to run successfully for the 1992 United States Senate election in California
(born 1935) Republican Connecticut's 6th & 5th January 3, 1983 January 3, 2007 Lost reelection
Marcy Kaptur
(born 1946) Democratic Ohio's 9th January 3, 1983 Present
Barbara Vucanovich
[bg] Republican Nevada's 2nd January 3, 1983 January 3, 1997 Retired
Sala Burton
[bh] Democratic California's 5th June 21, 1983 February 1, 1987 Died in office
Helen Delich-Bentley
(1923–2016) Republican Maryland's 2nd January 3, 1985 January 3, 1995 Retired to run unsuccessfully for the Republican nomination for the 1994 Maryland gubernatorial election
Jan Meyers
(1928–2019) Republican Kansas's 3rd January 3, 1985 January 3, 1997 Retired
Catherine Small-Long
[bi] Democratic Louisiana's 8th March 30, 1985 January 3, 1987 Retired
Connie Morella
(born 1931) Republican Maryland's 8th January 3, 1987 January 3, 2003 Lost reelection[bj]
Liz J. Patterson
[bk] Democratic South Carolina's 4th January 3, 1987 January 3, 1993 Lost reelection
Pat Saiki
(born 1930) Republican Hawaii's 1st January 3, 1987 January 3, 1991 Retired to run unsuccessfully for the 1990 United States Senate special election in Hawaii[bl]
Louise Slaughter
(1929–2018) Democratic New York's 30th, 28th & 25th January 3, 1987 March 16, 2018 Died in office
[bm] Democratic California's 5th, 8th & 12th June 2, 1987 Present
Nita Lowey
(born 1937) Democratic New York's 20th, 18th & 17th January 3, 1989 January 3, 2021 Retired
Jolene Unsoeld
(born 1931) Democratic Washington's 3rd January 3, 1989 January 3, 1995 Lost reelection
Jill Long-Thompson
(born 1952) Democratic Indiana's 4th March 20, 1989 January 3, 1995 Lost reelection
Ileana Ros-Lehtinen
(born 1952) Republican Florida's 18th & 27th August 29, 1989 January 3, 2019 Retired
Susan Molinari
[bn] Republican New York's 14th March 20, 1990 August 2, 1997 Resigned to become co-host of CBS This Morning
Barbara-Rose Collins
(born 1939) Democratic Michigan's 13th & 15th January 3, 1991 January 3, 1997 Lost renomination
Rosa DeLauro
(born 1943) Democratic Connecticut's 3rd January 3, 1991 Present
Eleanor Holmes-Norton
(born 1937) Democratic DC at-large January 3, 1991 Present
Joan Horn
(born 1936) Democratic Missouri's 2nd January 3, 1991 January 3, 1993 Lost reelection
(born 1938) Democratic California's 29th, 35th & 43rd January 3, 1991 Present
Eva M. Clayton
(born 1934) Democratic North Carolina's 1st November 3, 1992 January 3, 2001 Retired
Corrine Brown
(born 1946) Democratic Florida's 3rd & 5th January 3, 1993 January 3, 2017 Lost renomination
Leslie L. Byrne
(born 1946) Democratic Virginia's 11th January 3, 1993 January 3, 1995 Lost reelection
Maria Cantwell
(born 1958) Democratic Washington's 1st January 3, 1993 January 3, 1995 Lost reelection[bo]
Pat Danner
(born 1934) Democratic Missouri's 6th January 3, 1993 January 3, 2001 Retired
(1941–2007) Republican Washington's 8th January 3, 1993 January 3, 2005 Retired
Karan English
(born 1949) Democratic Arizona's 6th January 3, 1993 January 3, 1995 Lost reelection
Anna Eshoo
(born 1942) Democratic California's 14th & 18th January 3, 1993 Present
Tillie K. Fowler
(1942–2005) Republican Florida's 4th January 3, 1993 January 3, 2001 Retired
Elizabeth Furse
(born 1936) Democratic Oregon's 1st January 3, 1993 January 3, 1999 Retired
Jane Harman
(born 1945) Democratic California's 36th January 3, 1993 January 3, 1999 Retired to run unsuccessfully for the Democratic nomination for the 1998 California gubernatorial election
January 3, 2001 February 28, 2011 Resigned to become the Director, President, and Chief Executive Officer of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars
(born 1936) Democratic Texas's 30th January 3, 1993 Present
Blanche Lincoln
(born 1960) Democratic Arkansas's 1st January 3, 1993 January 3, 1997 Retired[bp]
(born 1946) Democratic New York's 14th & 12th January 3, 1993 Present
Marjorie Margolies
(born 1942) Democratic Pennsylvania's 13th January 3, 1993 January 3, 1995 Lost reelection
(born 1955) Democratic Georgia's 11th January 3, 1993 January 3, 1997 Redistricted
Georgia's 4th January 3, 1997 January 3, 2003 Lost renomination[bq]
Carrie P. Meek
(born 1926) Democratic Florida's 17th January 3, 1993 January 3, 2003 Retired
Deborah Pryce
(born 1951) Republican Ohio's 15th January 3, 1993 January 3, 2009 Retired
Lucille Roybal-Allard
[br] Democratic California's 33rd, 34th, & 40th January 3, 1993 Present
Lynn Schenk
(born 1945) Democratic California's 49th January 3, 1993 January 3, 1995 Lost reelection
Karen Shepherd
(born 1940) Democratic Utah's 2nd January 3, 1993 January 3, 1995 Lost reelection
Karen Thurman
(born 1951) Democratic Florida's 5th January 3, 1993 January 3, 2003 Lost reelection
Nydia Velázquez
(born 1953) Democratic New York's 12th & 7th January 3, 1993 Present
Lynn Woolsey
(born 1937) Democratic California's 6th January 3, 1993 January 3, 2013 Retired
Helen Chenoweth-Hage
(1938–2006) Republican Idaho's 1st January 3, 1995 January 3, 2001 Retired
Barbara Cubin
(born 1946) Republican Wyoming's at-large January 3, 1995 January 3, 2009 Retired
Enid Greene
(born 1958) Republican Utah's 2nd January 3, 1995 January 3, 1997 Retired
Sheila Jackson-Lee
Sue Kelly
(born 1936) Republican New York's 19th January 3, 1995 January 3, 2007 Lost reelection
Karen McCarthy
(1947–2010) Democratic Missouri's 5th January 3, 1995 January 3, 2005 Retired
Sue Myrick
(born 1941) Republican North Carolina's 9th January 3, 1995 January 3, 2013 Retired
Lynn N. Rivers
(born 1956) Democratic Michigan's 13th January 3, 1995 January 3, 2003 Lost renomination
(born 1941) Republican California's 22nd January 3, 1995 January 3, 1997 Lost reelection
(born 1950) Republican Washington's 3rd January 3, 1995 January 3, 1999 Retired to run unsuccessfully for the 1998 United States Senate election in Washington
Juanita Millender-McDonald
(1938–2007) Democratic California's 37th March 26, 1996 April 22, 2007 Died in office
Jo Ann Emerson
[bs] Republican Missouri's 8th November 5, 1996 January 3, 1997 Retook seat as an independent, having been reelected under that designation
Independent January 3, 1997 January 8, 1997 Changed party back to Republican
Republican January 8, 1997 January 22, 2013 Resigned to become the President and Chief Executive Officer of the National Rural Electric Cooperative Association
Julia Carson
[bt] Democratic Indiana's 10th & 7th January 3, 1997 December 15, 2007 Died in office
Carolyn Cheeks-Kilpatrick
Donna Christian-Christensen
(born 1945) Democratic U.S. Virgin Island's at-large January 3, 1997 January 3, 2015 Retired to run unsuccessfully for the 2014 United States Virgin Islands gubernatorial election
(born 1957) Democratic Colorado's 1st January 3, 1997 Present
(born 1943) Republican Texas's 12th January 3, 1997 Present
Darlene Hooley
(born 1939) Democratic Oregon's 5th January 3, 1997 January 3, 2009 Retired
Carolyn McCarthy
(born 1944) Democratic New York's 4th January 3, 1997 January 3, 2015 Retired
Anne Northup
(born 1948) Republican Kentucky's 3rd January 3, 1997 January 3, 2007 Lost reelection
Loretta Sánchez
[bu] Democratic California's 46th, 47th, & 46th January 3, 1997 January 3, 2017 Retired to run unsuccessfully for the 2016 United States Senate election in California
(born 1950) Democratic Michigan's 8th January 3, 1997 January 3, 2001 Retired to run successfully for the 2000 United States Senate election in Michigan
Ellen Tauscher
(1951–2019) Democratic California's 10th January 3, 1997 June 26, 2009 Resigned to become Under Secretary of State for Arms Control and International Security Affairs
Lois Capps
[bv] Democratic California's 22nd, 23rd, & 24th March 10, 1998 January 3, 2017 Retired
Mary Bono
[bw] Republican California's 44th & California's 45th April 7, 1998 January 3, 2013 Lost reelection
(born 1946) Democratic California's 9th & 13th April 7, 1998 Present
(born 1960) Republican New Mexico's 1st June 25, 1998 January 3, 2009 Retired to run unsuccessfully for the Republican nomination for the 2008 United States Senate election in New Mexico[bx]
[by] Democratic Wisconsin's 2nd January 3, 1999 January 3, 2013 Retired to run successfully for the 2012 United States Senate election in Wisconsin
Shelley Berkley
(born 1951) Democratic Nevada's 1st January 3, 1999 January 3, 2013 Retired to run unsuccessfully for the 2012 United States Senate election in Nevada
Judy Biggert
(born 1937) Republican Illinois's 13th January 3, 1999 January 3, 2013 Lost reelection
Grace Napolitano
(born 1936) Democratic California's 34th, 38th, & 32nd January 3, 1999 Present
Jan Schakowsky
(born 1944) Democratic Illinois's 9th January 3, 1999 Present
Stephanie Tubbs Jones
(1949–2008) Democratic Ohio's 11th January 3, 1999 August 20, 2008 Died in office
Jo Ann Davis
(1950–2007) Republican Virginia's 1st January 3, 2001 October 6, 2007 Died in office
(born 1944) Democratic California's 49th & 53rd January 3, 2001 January 3, 2021 Retired
Melissa Hart
(born 1962) Republican Pennsylvania's 4th January 3, 2001 January 3, 2007 Lost reelection
Betty McCollum
(born 1954) Democratic (DFL) Minnesota's 4th January 3, 2001 Present
Shelley Moore-Capito
(born 1953) Republican West Virginia's 2nd January 3, 2001 January 3, 2015 Retired to run successfully for the 2014 United States Senate election in West Virginia
Hilda Solis
(born 1957) Democratic California's 31st & 32nd January 3, 2001 February 24, 2009 Resigned to become United States Secretary of Labor
Diane Watson
[bz] Democratic California's 32nd & 33rd June 5, 2001 January 3, 2011 Retired
Marsha Blackburn
(born 1952) Republican Tennessee's 7th January 3, 2003 January 3, 2019 Retired to run successfully for the 2018 United States Senate election in Tennessee
Madeleine Bordallo
[ca] Democratic Guam's at-large January 3, 2003 January 3, 2019 Lost renomination
Ginny Brown-Waite
(born 1943) Republican Florida's 5th January 3, 2003 January 3, 2011 Retired
Katherine Harris
[cb] Republican Florida's 13th January 3, 2003 January 3, 2007 Retired to run unsuccessfully for the 2006 United States Senate election in Florida
Denise Majette
(born 1955) Democratic Georgia's 4th January 3, 2003 January 3, 2005 Retired to run unsuccessfully for the 2004 United States Senate election in Georgia
Candice Miller
[cc] Republican Michigan's 10th January 3, 2003 January 3, 2017 Retired to run successfully for Public Works Commissioner of Macomb County
Marilyn Musgrave
(born 1949) Republican Colorado's 4th January 3, 2003 January 3, 2009 Lost reelection
Linda Sánchez
[cd] Democratic California's 39th January 3, 2003 January 3, 2013 Redistricted
California's 38th January 3, 2013
Stephanie Herseth-Sandlin
(born 1970) Democratic South Dakota's at-large June 1, 2004 January 3, 2011 Lost reelection
Melissa Bean
(born 1962) Democratic Illinois's 8th January 3, 2005 January 3, 2011 Lost reelection
Thelma Drake
(born 1949) Republican Virginia's 2nd January 3, 2005 January 3, 2009 Lost reelection
Virginia Foxx
(born 1944) Republican North Carolina's 5th January 3, 2005 Present
Cathy McMorris-Rodgers
(born 1969) Republican Washington's 5th January 3, 2005 Presnt
(born 1951) Democratic Wisconsin's 4th January 3, 2005 Present
Allyson Schwartz
(born 1948) Democratic Pennsylvania's 13th January 3, 2005 January 3, 2015 Retired to run unsuccessfully for the Democratic nomination for the 2014 Pennsylvania gubernatorial election
Debbie Wasserman-Schultz
(born 1966) Democratic Florida's 20th January 3, 2005 January 3, 2013 Redistricted
Florida's 23rd January 3, 2013 Present
Doris Matsui
[ce] Democratic California's 5th March 3, 2005 January 3, 2013 Redistricted
California's 6th January 3, 2013 Present
Jean Schmidt
(born 1951) Republican Ohio's 2nd September 6, 2005 January 3, 2013 Lost renomination
Shelley Sekula-Gibbs
(born 1953) Republican Texas's 22nd November 13, 2006 January 3, 2007 Lost election to full term
(born 1956) Republican Minnesota's 6th January 3, 2007 January 3, 2015 Retired
Nancy Boyda
Florida's 14th January 3, 2013 Present
Yvette Clarke
(born 1964) Democratic New York's 11th January 3, 2007 January 3, 2013 Redistricted
New York's 9th January 3, 2013 Present
Mary Fallin
[cf] Republican Oklahoma's 5th January 3, 2007 January 3, 2011 Retired to run successfully for the 2010 Oklahoma gubernatorial election
(born 1970) Democratic Arizona's 8th January 3, 2007 January 25, 2012 Resigned due to the injuries from being shot in the head at close range during an assassination attempt during the 2011 Tucson shooting
(born 1966) Democratic New York's 20th January 3, 2007 January 25, 2009 Resigned after being appointed to the United States Senate[cg]
(born 1947) Democratic Hawaii's 2nd January 3, 2007 January 3, 2013 Retired to run successfully for the 2012 United States Senate election in Hawaii
Laura Richardson
Carol Shea-Porter
(born 1952) Democratic New Hampshire's 1st January 3, 2007 January 3, 2011 Lost reelection
January 3, 2017 January 3, 2019 Retired
Betty Sutton
(born 1963) Democratic Ohio's 13th January 3, 2007 January 3, 2013 Lost reelection
Niki Tsongas
[ch] Democratic Massachusetts's 5th October 16, 2007 January 3, 2013 Redistricted
Massachusetts's 3rd January 3, 2013 January 3, 2019 Retired
Jackie Speier
(born 1950) Democratic California's 12th April 8, 2008 January 3, 2013 Redistricted
California's 14th January 3, 2013 Present
Donna Edwards
(born 1958) Democratic Maryland's 4th June 17, 2008 January 3, 2017 Retired to run unsuccessfully for the Democratic nomination for the 2016 United States Senate election in Maryland
Marcia Fudge
(born 1952) Democratic Ohio's 11th November 18, 2008 Present
Kathy Dahlkemper
(born 1957) Democratic Pennsylvania's 3rd January 3, 2009 January 3, 2011 Lost reelection
Debbie Halvorson
(born 1958) Democratic Illinois's 11th January 3, 2009 January 3, 2011 Lost reelection
Lynn Jenkins
[ci] Republican Kansas's 2nd January 3, 2009 January 3, 2019 Retired
Mary Jo Kilroy
Ann Kirkpatrick
(born 1950) Democratic Arizona's 1st January 3, 2009 January 3, 2011 Lost reelection
January 3, 2013 January 3, 2017 Retired to run unsuccessfully for the 2016 United States Senate election in Arizona
Arizona's 2nd January 3, 2019 Present
Suzanne Kosmas
(born 1944) Democratic Florida's 24th January 3, 2009 January 3, 2011 Lost reelection
Cynthia Lummis
[cj] Republican Wyoming's at-large January 3, 2009 January 3, 2017 Retired[ck]
Betsy Markey
(born 1956) Democratic Colorado's 4th January 3, 2009 January 3, 2011 Lost reelection
Chellie Pingree
(born 1955) Democratic Maine's 1st January 3, 2009 Present
Dina Titus
(born 1950) Democratic Nevada's 3rd January 3, 2009 January 3, 2011 Lost reelection
Nevada's 1st January 3, 2013 Present
Judy Chu
[cl] Democratic California's 32nd June 19, 2009 January 3, 2011 Redistricted
Sandy Adams
(born 1956) Republican Florida's 24th January 3, 2011 January 3, 2013 Lost renomination
Karen Bass
(born 1953) Democratic California's 33rd January 3, 2011 January 3, 2013 Redistricted
Diane Black
(born 1951) Republican Tennessee's 6th January 3, 2011 January 3, 2019 Retired to run unsuccessfully for the Republican nomination for the 2018 Tennessee gubernatorial election
Ann Marie Buerkle
Renee Ellmers
(born 1964) Republican North Carolina's 2nd January 3, 2011 January 3, 2017 Lost renomination
Colleen Hanabusa
(born 1951) Democratic Hawaii's 1st January 3, 2011 January 3, 2015 Retired to run unsuccessfully for the Democratic nomination for the 2014 United States Senate special election in Hawaii
November 14, 2016 January 3, 2019 Retired to run unsuccessfully for the Democratic nomination for the 2018 Hawaii gubernatorial election
Vicky Hartzler
(born 1960) Republican Missouri's 4th January 3, 2011 Present
Nan Hayworth
Jaime Herrera-Beutler
(born 1978) Republican Washington's 3rd January 3, 2011 Present
(born 1971) Republican South Dakota's at-large January 3, 2011 January 3, 2019 Retired to run successfully for the 2018 South Dakota gubernatorial election
Martha Roby
(born 1976) Republican Alabama's 2nd January 3, 2011 January 3, 2021 Retired
Terri Sewell
(born 1965) Democratic Alabama's 7th January 3, 2011 Present
Kathy Hochul
(born 1958) Democratic New York's 26th June 1, 2011 January 3, 2013 Lost reelection[cm]
Janice Hahn
(born 1952) Democratic California's 36th July 12, 2011 January 3, 2013 Redistricted
California's 44th January 3, 2013 December 4, 2016 Retired to run successfully for Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors
Suzanne Bonamici
(born 1954) Democratic Oregon's 1st January 21, 2012 Present
Suzan DelBene
(born 1962) Democratic Washington's 1st November 6, 2012 Present
Female members whose service began between 2013 and present
Joyce Beatty
(born 1950) Democratic Ohio's 3rd January 3, 2013
Susan Brooks
[cn] Republican Indiana's 5th January 3, 2013 January 3, 2021 Retired
Julia Brownley
(born 1952) Democratic California's 26th January 3, 2013 Present
Cheri Bustos
(born 1961) Democratic Illinois's 17th January 3, 2013 Present
[co] Democratic Illinois's 8th January 3, 2013 January 3, 2017 Retired to run successfully for the 2016 United States Senate election in Illinois
Elizabeth Esty
(born 1959) Democratic Connecticut's 5th January 3, 2013 January 3, 2019 Retired
(born 1948) Democratic Florida's 22nd & 21st January 3, 2013 Present
[cp] Democratic Hawaii's 2nd January 3, 2013 January 3, 2021 Retired to run unsuccessfully in the Democratic primary for the 2020 United States presidential election
Michelle Lujan-Grisham
(born 1959) Democratic New Mexico's 1st January 3, 2013 December 31, 2018 Retired to run successfully for Governor of New Mexico
Ann McLane-Kuster
(born 1956) Democratic New Hampshire's 2nd January 3, 2013 Present
Grace Meng
(born 1975) Democratic New York's 6th January 3, 2013 Present
Gloria Negrete-McLeod
(born 1941) Democratic California's 35th January 3, 2013 January 3, 2015 Retired to run unsuccessfully for San Bernardino County Board of Supervisors
[cq] Democratic Arizona's 9th January 3, 2013 January 3, 2019 Retired to run successfully for the 2018 United States Senate election in Arizona
Ann Wagner
[cr] Republican Missouri's 2nd January 3, 2013 Present
Jackie Walorski
(born 1963) Republican Indiana's 2nd January 3, 2013 Present
Robin Kelly
(born 1956) Democratic Illinois's 2nd April 11, 2013 Present
Katherine Clark
(born 1963) Democratic Massachusetts's 5th December 10, 2013 Present
Alma Adams
(born 1946) Democratic North Carolina's 12th November 12, 2014 Present
Barbara Comstock
(born 1959) Republican Virginia's 10th January 3, 2015 January 3, 2019 Lost reelection
Debbie Dingell
[cs] Democratic Michigan's 12th January 3, 2015 Present
Gwen Graham
[ct] Democratic Florida's 2nd January 3, 2015 January 3, 2017 Retired
(born 1954) Democratic Michigan's 14th January 3, 2015 Present
[cu] Republican Utah's 4th January 3, 2015 January 3, 2019 Lost reelection
(born 1966) Republican Arizona's 2nd January 3, 2015 January 3, 2019 Retired to run unsuccessfully for the 2018 United States Senate election in Arizona[cv]
Stacey Plaskett
(born 1966) Democratic U.S. Virgin Island's at-large January 3, 2015 Present
Amata Radewagen
[cw][28][29] Republican American Samoa's at-large January 3, 2015 Present
Kathleen Rice
Elise Stefanik
(born 1984) Republican New York's 21st January 3, 2015 Present
Mimi Walters
(born 1962) Republican California's 45th January 3, 2015 January 3, 2019 Lost reelection
Bonnie Watson-Coleman
(born 1945) Democratic New Jersey's 12th January 3, 2015 Present
Nanette Barragán
Lisa Blunt-Rochester
(born 1962) Democratic Delaware at-large January 3, 2017 Present
[cx] Republican Wyoming's at-large January 3, 2017 Present
[cy] Democratic Florida's 10th January 3, 2017 Present
Jenniffer González
[cz] Republican Puerto Rico's at-large January 3, 2017 Present
Pramila Jayapal
[da] Democratic Washington's 7th January 3, 2017 Present
[db] Democratic Florida's 7th January 3, 2017 Present
(born 1957) Democratic Nevada's 3rd January 3, 2017 January 3, 2019 Retired to run successfully for the 2018 United States Senate election in Nevada
(born 1961) Republican New York's 22nd January 3, 2017 January 3, 2019 Lost reelection
Karen Handel
[dc] Republican Georgia's 6th June 26, 2017 January 3, 2019 Lost reelection
Debbie Lesko
(born 1958) Republican Arizona's 8th May 7, 2018 Present
Mary Gay Scanlon
(born 1959) Democratic Pennsylvania's 7th November 13, 2018 January 3, 2019 Redistricted
Pennsylvania's 5th January 3, 2019 Present
Susan Wild
(born 1957) Democratic Pennsylvania's 15th November 27, 2018 January 3, 2019 Redistricted
(born 1959) Democratic Michigan's 13th November 29, 2018 January 3, 2019 Term expired
Cindy Axne
(born 1965) Democratic Iowa's 3rd January 3, 2019 Present
Angie Craig
(born 1972) Democratic (DFL) Minnesota's 2nd January 3, 2019 Present
Sharice Davids
[dd] Democratic Kansas's 3rd January 3, 2019 Present
Madeleine Dean
(born 1959) Democratic Pennsylvania's 4th January 3, 2019 Present
Abby Finkenauer
(born 1988) Democratic Iowa's 1st January 3, 2019 January 3, 2021 Lost reelection
Lizzie Fletcher
(born 1975) Democratic Texas's 7th January 3, 2019 Present
Sylvia Garcia
Deb Haaland
[de] Democratic New Mexico's 1st January 3, 2019 Present
Jahana Hayes
(born 1973) Democratic Connecticut's 5th January 3, 2019 Present
(born 1987) Democratic California's 25th January 3, 2019 November 3, 2019 Resigned amid allegations of inappropriate sexual relationships[31]
Kendra Horn
(born 1976) Democratic Oklahoma's 5th January 3, 2019 January 3, 2021 Lost reelection
Chrissy Houlahan
Susie Lee
(born 1966) Democratic Nevada's 3rd January 3, 2019 Present
(born 1975) Democratic Virginia's 2nd January 3, 2019 Present
Lucy McBath
(born 1960) Democratic Georgia's 6th January 3, 2019 Present
[df] Republican West Virginia's 3rd January 3, 2019 Present
[dg] Democratic New York's 14th January 3, 2019 Present
[dh] Democratic (DFL) Minnesota's 5th January 3, 2019 Present
Katie Porter
(born 1974) Democratic Massachusetts's 7th January 3, 2019 Present
Kim Schrier
(born 1968) Democratic Washington's 8th January 3, 2019 Present
[di] Democratic Florida's 27th January 3, 2019 January 3, 2021 Lost reelection
Mikie Sherrill
Elissa Slotkin
(born 1976) Democratic Michigan's 8th January 3, 2019 Present
Abigail Spanberger
(born 1979) Democratic Virginia's 7th January 3, 2019 Present
Haley Stevens
[dj] Democratic Michigan's 13th January 3, 2019 Present
Xochitl Torres Small
(born 1984) Democratic New Mexico's 2nd January 3, 2019 January 3, 2021 Lost reelection
Lori Trahan
[dk] Democratic Massachusetts's 3rd January 3, 2019 Present
Lauren Underwood
(born 1968) Democratic Virginia's 10th January 3, 2019 Present
Stephanie Bice
[dl] Republican Oklahoma's 5th January 3, 2021 Present
Lauren Boebert
(born 1986) Republican Colorado's 3rd January 3, 2021 Present
Carolyn Bourdeaux
Cori Bush
(born 1974) Democratic Missouri's 1st January 3, 2021 Present
Kat Cammack
(born 1988) Republican Florida's 3rd January 3, 2021 Present
Michelle Fischbach
[dm] Republican Minnesota's 7th January 3, 2021 Present
Marjorie Taylor Greene
(born 1974) Republican Georgia's 14th January 3, 2021 Present
Diana Harshbarger
(born 1960) Republican Tennessee's 1st January 3, 2021 Present
Yvette Herrell
[dn] Republican New Mexico's 2nd January 3, 2021 Present
Ashley Hinson
(born 1983) Republican Iowa's 1st January 3, 2021 Present
Sara Jacobs
(born 1989) Democratic California's 53rd January 3, 2021 Present
[do] Republican California's 39th January 3, 2021 Present
Teresa Leger Fernandez
(born 1959) Democratic New Mexico's 3rd January 3, 2021 Present
Nancy Mace
[dp] Republican South Carolina's 1st January 3, 2021 Present
Nicole Malliotakis
(born 1980) Republican New York's 11th January 3, 2021 Present
Kathy Manning
(born 1956) Democratic North Carolina's 6th January 3, 2021 Present
Lisa McClain
(born 1966) Republican Michigan's 10th January 3, 2021 Present
(born 1959) Republican Illinois's 15th January 3, 2021 Present
Mariannette Miller-Meeks
(born 1955) Republican Iowa's 2nd January 3, 2021 Present
Marie Newman
(born 1964) Democratic Illinois's 3rd January 3, 2021 Present
(born 1963) Democratic North Carolina's 2nd January 3, 2021 Present
Maria Elvira Salazar
(born 1961) Republican Florida's 27th January 3, 2021 Present
Victoria Spartz
[dq] Republican Indiana's 5th January 3, 2021 Present
Michelle Steel
Marilyn Strickland
[do] Democratic Washington's 10th January 3, 2021 Present
Beth Van Duyne
Nikema Williams
Pregnancies
There have been ten female members of the House of Representatives who were pregnant and gave birth at least once during their tenure (two members three times).[32]
Representatives who have been pregnant while in office
Congresswoman
Date of delivery
Mother's age
Yvonne Brathwaite Burke California Democratic November 23, 1973 41 The daughter, Autumn Burke, became notable in her own right.
Enid Greene Waldholtz Utah Republican August 31, 1995 37 [33]
Susan Molinari New York Republican May 10, 1996 38 The child's father was fellow congressman Bill Paxon.[34]
Blanche Lincoln Arkansas Democratic June 1996 35 Chose not to run for re-election due to the pregnancy. Gave birth to twin boys.[35]
Cathy McMorris Rodgers Washington Republican April 29, 2007 37 [36]
Kirsten Gillibrand New York Democratic May 15, 2008 41 [37]
Stephanie Herseth Sandlin South Dakota Democratic December 15, 2008 38 The child's father was former congressman Max Sandlin.[38]
Linda Sánchez California Democratic May 13, 2009 40 Unmarried when pregnancy announced, married a month before delivery[39]
Cathy McMorris Rodgers Washington Republican December 1, 2010 41 First member to give birth in office twice[40]
Jaime Herrera Beutler Washington Republican July 15, 2013 34 [41]
Cathy McMorris Rodgers Washington Republican November 24, 2013 44 First member to give birth in office three times[42]
Tammy Duckworth Illinois Democratic November 18, 2014 46 Would later go on to become the first and thus far only woman to give birth while a sitting US Senator.[43]
Jaime Herrera Beutler Washington Republican May 18, 2016 37 [44]
Women in government
Women in the United States Senate
List of female state governors in the United States
List of current women in the United States House of Representatives
^ First woman elected to a national office
Voted against declaration of war against Germany in 1917
Only member of Congress to vote against declaration of war against Japan in 1941
^ First woman to defeat an incumbent congressman and to preside over the House
^ Succeeded her father in a special election
First woman incumbent defeated in a primary
First woman to win a special election
^ Succeeded her husband
^ First woman to be reelected
First Jewish woman elected
Succeeded her husband
^ First Democratic woman elected
^ Succeeded her husband (though not immediately)
Daughter of James M. Gudger Jr.
^ Daughter of Mark Hanna
^ Daughter of William Jennings Bryan
^ Later became United States Ambassador to Denmark
^ Later became United States Ambassador to Italy and United States Ambassador to Brazil
First woman territorial delegate
^ Only female member to sign the Southern Manifesto
^ Later became Lieutenant Governor of Michigan
^ Later became Treasurer of the United States
Daughter of Guy D. Goff
Formerly oldest woman elected to Congress (at age 68)
^ Succeeded her husband as nominee before election
^ First Japanese American woman elected
^ Later became Assistant Secretary of State for Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs
^ Later became United States Secretary of Health and Human Services and United States Ambassador to Ireland
^ First African-American woman elected
First African-American woman to run for major party's presidential nomination
^ Previously served as Connecticut Secretary of State
^ Later became United States Ambassador to the Holy See
^ Daughter of Ogden H. Hammond
^ Later became United States Ambassador to the United Nations Agencies for Food and Agriculture
^ First Arab (Lebanese and Syrian) American woman elected to Congress
^ Later became United States Ambassador to the United Nations Commission on Human Rights
^ Later became United States Secretary of Labor
^ First Hispanic woman elected
^ Later became United States Ambassador to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
^ Daughter of Olin D. Johnston
^ Later became Administrator of the Small Business Administration
^ First woman party leader
First woman Speaker of the United States House of Representatives
^ Daughter of Guy Molinari
^ Later ran successfully for the 2000 United States Senate election in Washington
^ Later ran successfully for the 1998 United States Senate election in Arkansas
^ Ran for President of the United States as the nominee of the Green Party for the 2008 United States presidential election
^ Daughter of Edward R. Roybal
^ Succeeded her husband. First woman (re)elected to Congress as an independent candidate
^ Grandmother of André Carson
^ Sister of Linda Sánchez
^ Later became Secretary of the Air Force
^ First openly lesbian member
^ Previously served as United States Ambassador to Micronesia
^ Previously served as Lieutenant Governor of Guam
^ Previously served as Florida Secretary of State
^ Previously served as Michigan Secretary of State
^ Sister of Loretta Sanchez
^ Previously served as Lieutenant Governor of Oklahoma
^ Later ran successfully for the 2010 United States Senate special election in New York
^ Previously served as Kansas Treasurer
^ Previously served as Wyoming Treasurer
^ Later ran successfully for the 2020 United States Senate election in Wyoming
^ First Chinese American woman elected
^ Later became Lieutenant Governor of New York
^ Previously served as United States Attorney for the Southern District of Indiana
^ Previously served as Assistant Secretary of Veterans Affairs for Public and Intergovernmental Affairs
^ First Hindu elected to Congress
^ First openly bisexual woman elected
^ Previously served as United States Ambassador to Luxembourg
First woman to succeed her husband while he was still alive
^ Daughter of Bob Graham
^ First African-American Republican woman elected to Congress
^ Later appointed to the United States Senate
^ First woman to represent American Samoa in the U.S. Congress
Daughter of Peter Tali Coleman
^ Daughter of Dick Cheney
^ Wife of Jerry Demings
^ First woman to represent Puerto Rico in the U.S. Congress.[30]
^ First Indian American woman elected
^ First Vietnamese American woman elected
^ Previously served as Georgia Secretary of State
^ One of the first two Native American women (alongside Deb Haaland) elected to Congress
First LGBTQ Native American elected
^ One of the first two Native American women (alongside Sharice Davids) elected to Congress
^ Daughter of Samuel L. Devine
^ Youngest woman elected to Congress (at age 29)
^ One of the first two Muslim women (alongside Rashida Tlaib) and first Somali American elected to Congress
^ Oldest woman elected to Congress (at age 77)
Previously served as United States Secretary of Health and Human Services
^ One of the first two Muslim women (alongside Ilhan Omar) and the first Palestinian American woman elected to Congress
^ First Portuguese American woman elected
^ First Iranian American elected to Congress
^ Previously served as Lieutenant Governor of Minnesota
^ First Cherokee woman and first Native American female Republican elected to Congress
^ a b c One of the first Korean American women elected to Congress
^ First woman to graduate from The Citadel, in 1999
^ First woman born in the former Soviet Union or Eastern Bloc elected to Congress
^ "Women in the U.S. House of Representatives 2019". Center for American Women in Politics. Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey.
^ "RANKIN, Jeannette". History, Art & Archives. US House of Representatives.
^ "Florence Prag Kahn". Jewish Virtual Library.
^ Mariotti, Renato (November 26, 2013). "Rep. Vera Buchanan dies in office, Nov. 26, 1955". Politico. Retrieved April 12, 2018.
^ "August House Publishers - Atlanta - Children's Book Publisher". August House Publishers - Atlanta - Children's Book Publisher.
^ "New Patterns". History, Art & Archives. U.S. House of Representatives.
^ "Update: First woman to wear pants on House floor, Rep. Charlotte Reid". Washington Post.
^ "CHISHOLM, Shirley Anita". History, Art & Archives. U.S. House of Representatives.
^ "Women in Government: A Slim Past, But a Strong Future". Ebony: 89–92, 96–98. August 1977.
^ "BURKE, Yvonne Brathwaite". History, Art & Archives. U.S. House of Representatives. Retrieved May 4, 2016.
^ Michelle Cottle, ed. (April 19, 2018). "Congress Can't Give Up Tradition". The Atlantic. Retrieved April 27, 2018.
^ Official Manual State of Missouri 2001–2002. Missouri: Office of the Secretary of State. p. 117.
^ "Tommy vs. Tammy rages on: Senate race down to the wire". Reedsburg Times-Press. The Associated Press.
^ "Tammy Baldwin". Biography.
^ "Tammy Baldwin - Candidate for U.S. President, Republican Nomination - Election 2012". WSJ.com.
^ Jon M. Shepard (January 1, 2012). Cengage Advantage Books: Sociology. Cengage Learning. pp. 293–. ISBN 978-1-133-71002-8.
^ Blumberg, Antonia (March 7, 2018). "Nancy Pelosi Donates Historic Speaker's Gavel To The Smithsonian For Women's History Month". Huffington Post.
^ "Women in U.S. House get new restroom near chamber". USA Today. July 21, 2011.
^ "Hindu-American Tulsi Gabbard wins Democratic primary in Hawaii". The Economic Times. August 12, 2012.
^ Stephen Prothero (January 3, 2013). "Column: A Hindu moment for Congress". Usatoday.com. Retrieved April 27, 2018.
^ Edmondson, Catie; Lee, Jasmine C. (November 28, 2018). "Meet the New Freshmen in Congress". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved January 11, 2019.
^ "PAAIA Celebrates Historic Election for Iranian Americans". Public Affairs Alliance of Iranian Americans. November 4, 2020. Retrieved November 7, 2020.
^ Rachael Dottle, Ella Koeze and Julia Wolfe (November 13, 2018). "The 2018 Midterms, In 4 Charts". FiveThirtyEight. CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
^ Women candidates for Congress 1974 - 2018. Center for American Women and Politics. There are separate columns for House and Senate numbers by election. Party and seat summary for major party nominees.
^ Manning, Jennifer E.; Brudnick, Ida A. (September 23, 2020). Women in Congress, 1917-2020: Service Dates and Committee Assignments by Member, and Lists by State and Congress (PDF). Washington, D.C.: Congressional Research Service. Retrieved November 24, 2020.
^ "The U.S. Made Zero Progress in Adding Women to Congress". Fortune. November 10, 2016.
^ Parker, Ashley (April 12, 2018). "First Day of 113th Congress Brings More Women to Capitol". The New York Times.
^ Gay, Roxane (2019). The Women of the 116th Congress: Portraits of Power. The New York Times. Page 28. Abrams. ISBN 9781683357810.
^ Kowalewski, Albin (2018). Asian and Pacific Islander Americans in Congress, 1900-2017. Government Printing Office. Page 558. ISBN 9780160940408.
^ "Jenniffer Gonzalez, Resident Commissioner for Puerto Rico – Puerto Rico 51st". November 30, 2016. Retrieved November 2, 2019.
^ LeBlanc, Paul (October 27, 2019). "Rep. Katie Hill announces resignation amid allegations of improper relationships with staffers". CNN. Retrieved October 27, 2019.
^ Akers, Mary Ann (November 20, 2008). "Rep. Linda Sanchez Expecting a Baby". Washington Post.
^ Foster, David (November 19, 1995). "Ambitious Couple Thrived on Passion for Politics, Each Other : Congress: Enid Greene and Joe Waldholtz seemed born for each other. But his lies over money sabotaged fairy tale, perhaps her career". Los Angeles Times. Associated Press.
^ "Susan Molinari". womenincongress.house.gov.
^ Geranios, Nicholas K. (April 21, 2007). "Baby in the House: Pregnant congresswoman due to give birth next month". San Diego Union Tribune. Associated Press.
^ "It's A Boy". Spokesman Review. April 30, 2007.
^ "Son Born to New York Congresswoman". New York Times. Associated Press. May 16, 2008.
^ Woster, Kevin (December 16, 2008). "Something we can all agree on: Congratulations!". Rapid City Journal.
^ Akers, Mary Ann (May 13, 2009). "New Mama in the House: Linda Sanchez". Washington Post.
^ Barone, Michael; Chuck McCutcheon (2011). "Washington/Fifth District". The Almanac of American Politics (2012 ed.). University of Chicago Press, National Journal Group, Inc. pp. 1716–1718. ISBN 978-0-226-03808-7.
^ "Republican Rep. Jaime Herrera Beutler celebrates 'miracle' baby girl born with Potter's sequence". New York Daily News. July 29, 2013.
^ Korte, Gregory (November 25, 2013). "Rep sets congressional record -- mom x 3". USA Today. Retrieved November 23, 2014.
^ Skiba, Katherine (November 20, 2014). "Rep. Tammy Duckworth gives birth to daughter". Chicago Tribune.
^ Dake, Lauren (May 19, 2016). "Herrera Beutler gives birth to baby boy". The Columbian. Retrieved December 28, 2018.
^ Hair, Calley (May 23, 2019). "Herrera Beutler gives birth to girl". The Columbian. Retrieved July 14, 2019.
Women in Congress — Companion site to book produced by the Office of the Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives
Associated Press. "Husbands' deaths often propel widows to office". Columbia Daily Tribune, January 22, 2005. Retrieved February 15, 2005. (alternate source, via journalstar.com)
Maurer, Elizabeth. "Legislating History: 100 Years of Women in Congress". National Women's History Museum. 2017.
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Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Women_in_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives&oldid=1000415695"
Female members of the United States House of Representatives
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