Recently, Holly Miller (makeup artist pictured above) and I met with the owner of Lex's of Carytown, Lisa McSherry. This is an amazing, must see store filled with serious eye candy of beautiful gowns and casual clothes. We shared our dream of empowering women of all ages through glamour and helping women memorialize this milestone in their life. Lisa is all about empowering women and she referred us to one of her employees who also happened to have bought a beautiful prom gown. Holly was able to secure Naomi Hazell Foster who did Tyler's hair. I love how it turned out. Holly did her makeup which accentuated Tyler's beauty while at the same time putting the age appropriate amount on for a young woman. It all came together so perfectly! Tyler was great to work with. A real professional and she hadn't even modeled before. We all thought she should model after this experience!
Think about this: When a woman sees a beautiful picture of themselves, it changes them. A picture may seem like a superficial item, but it's not. It's proof of their beautiful self no matter what happens during their day…no matter what happens in the future…it is affirming proof of their beautiful, confident and intelligent selves.
A woman having her photo taken can be a very unsettling thing. I can in all certainty say this was not the case for my daughter. This was by far one of the best experiences of Tyler's life and mine as well. We were quite nervous not knowing what to expect. From the moment she walked in the door, Kim, Holly and Naomi put her mind at ease that she would be awesome and she was! It was not just about having a picture taken, it was much much more. Tyler has always been a self starter, team player and go getter, but the moment she stepped in front of that camera I saw a very different Tyler. Her strength, confidence and poise was absolutely wonderful to watch. This is an experience that every woman should have. I am WOMAN…. hear me ROAR!


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Mercer: Boards increase scrutiny of execs' exit plans
by Warren S. Hersch
April 23, 2014 at 11:13 AM Share & Print
Nearly seven in 10 boards of directors (69 percent) are overseeing the development and implementation of succession plans for their company executives, up from 53 percent in 2013, according to new research.
Mercer, a subsidiary of Marsh & McLennan Companies, discloses these findings in a 2013 year-end report on executive rewards. Based on responses from 215 North American companies representing more than 20 industry sectors, the survey examines how companies are managing executive rewards given the current economic outlook, regulatory environment and the views of risk-averse institutional investors and boards of directors.
The report reveals that improvement in company performance relative to the prior year remains the predominant goal-setting methodology (among 48 percent of respondents) for executives' annual incentive plans. Fewer survey respondents base such plans on historical performance (42 percent), peer company comparison (26 percent), shareholder expectations (22 percent) or other methodologies (32 percent).
For those making changes to executive performance measures, 65 percent respondents plan to increase the weighting of corporate/financial measures. Smaller percentages of the companies polled intend to increase the weighting of the following:
Corporate/non-financial measures – 25 percent;
Business unit/division (financial) measures – 42 percent;
Business unit/division (non-financial) measures – 42 percent;
Individual measures – 34 percent;
Use of discretion below the named executive officer (NEO) level – 5 percent; and
Other measures – 17 percent.
"We continue to see earnings and revenue-based measures as most prominent in annual incentive plans, and stock price being the most common measure for long-term incentive plans," the report states. "Where share price (return) was used in long-term incentive plans, measures were most commonly identified as being based on performance relative to peers.
"This year's survey results suggest a decrease in the level of discretion applied in award determination."
Turning to long-term incentives (LTIs), the survey indicates that options and performance-based units (stock) are the most prominent LTI vehicles. More than six in 10 of the surveyed companies award these vehicles to, respectively, CEOs (65 percent options; 63 percent PSUs) and other named executive officers (67 percent options, 63 percent PSUs.)
Less frequently awarded by the companies are restricted stock units (RSUs), performance-based cash and deferred cash. Among CEOs, the percentages are as follows:
Restricted stock – 57 percent;
Performance-based cash – 22 percent; and
Deferred cash – 14 percent.
Among other named executives officers (NEOs), the percentage breakdown is:
COLI remains key vehicle in executive comp plans
CEO pay vs. agent commissions: Comparing the numbers
CEO compensation: The sky is the limit

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


In line with the Senate approved adjusted Academic Calendar, lectures for the Second Semester of the 2017/2018 academic year commenced on 10th June, 2018.
It is pertinent to remind all students of the extant Senate rule of No School fees, No Lectures and by extension No Examinations.
By this rule, all students are required to tender School fees receipts on demand before being allowed into Lecture halls.
All Deans, HOD's, Level course Advisers and indeed all lecturers are required to enforce this Senate rule for smooth running of the University.
All students, parents, sponsors etc are also requested to co-operate with the University management in this regard by promptly paying up the school fees of their children/wards.


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Q: How to Assign a bitset to an unsigned char vector? I am using an unsigned char vector which has some hex values.
   std::vector<unsigned char> sync;
   sync.push_back(0x50);
   sync.push_back(0x51);
   sync.push_back(0x52);
   sync.push_back(0x53);

Then, using a bitset I "morph" the sync[3] to an 8 bit representation.This is because I need to corrupt/toggle any random bit in it.
    srand(time(NULL));
    int bitsetIndex= random()%8;
    std::bitset<8> manipulator(v[3]); //v is the vector argument which takes "sync" vector
                                      //by reference
    manipulator.flip(bitsetIndex);

Since, I am passing my vector by reference, I wanted to make changes to it. i.e.
whatever changes I have made to my bitset, I wanted to commit it to the vector too. However, I am not sure how to convert a bitset to an unsigned char and how to assign it to my vector, in order to update my vector sync.

A: Call manipulator.to_ulong().  (The narrowing conversion to your unsigned char will be harmless.)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


This hotel is a renovated 19th-century building in Moscow's historic centre, a 15-minute walk from Red Square and the Kremlin via the cultural Tverskaya Street. Mayakovka House offers free Wi-Fi in public areas.The air-conditioned apartments at Mayakovka House Moscow feature a seating area, desk and wardrobe. All include a flat-screen TV and most have a fully equipped kitchen.Guests can enjoy European dishes in the café.Mayakovskaya Metro Station is within a 5-minute walk of the hotel. It is 1 metro station from Belorusskiy Train Station and 2 stops from Red Square and the Kremlin.The 24-hour reception includes a tour desk and ticket service. A shuttle service is available to Sheremetyevo Airport, 45 minutes away.
Private parking is possible on site (reservation is not needed) and costs RUB 500 per day.


British Bakeries is relaunching and extending its 14m dietary bread brand Nimble to appeal to a broader target market. Pack design is by Sandom Partnership.
Three new products aimed at health-conscious adults were introduced last week: Nimble Heartbeat, Nimble Diet Watch, and Nimble White and Brown Rolls.
Packaging for the six-product range is now partly transparent and Sandom Partnership has tweaked the balloon logo.


What is a skx file and how do I open a skx file?
An XLANG schedule file is generally classified as a data file, and these XLANG schedule files are integrated with XML-based encoding specifications used for the SKX file format. These XLANG schedule files are affixed with the .skx extension, and the content of these XLANG schedule files may include schedule details associated to a corresponding XLANG schedule drawing project. These XLANG schedule drawing projects are created and opened or edited using the BizTalk Orchestration Designer program. The data stored in these XLANG schedule files may also include certain instructions that can be performed by the XLANG Scheduler Engine. Updating the content of these XLANG schedule files requires the recompilation of the associated XLANG schedule drawing project. The SKX file format was developed by Microsoft. Data files are used by specific applications as reference data or as project output files, and the content of these data files may or not be loaded unto these associated applications.


General: Native Perennial; A late comer to the area, appears in August and can extend into October. Found mainly in grasslands and roadsides. Flowers grow up and down the top half of the stem with the flowers densely clustered about the stem. Deep taproot evident like with many of the native species allowing it to be drought resistant.
General: Native Perennial; One of a number of primroses inhabiting the area. Usually tall reaching about one foot in height with pinkish to scarlet flowers found on a spike. Flowers have a nice fragrance.
General: Native Shrub; Very pretty flower residing on a bush. This native produces a pleasant odor which cultivated varieties of the rose seem to be losing. Has thorns on lower stems so be careful.
Neat Stuff: Fruits are called rose hips and are a valuable winter food for wildlife. Wild roses hybridize so easily that there are about 100 species simply called wild roses.
General: Native Perennial; Early flowering plant can be found along edge of Center front lawn. Common state wide, plant does not grow much more than six inches in height. Flowers are pink to violet in color.
General: Inhabits variety of dry to moist locations, usually in sandy soils. Narrow leaves lacking toothed margins help distinguish this flower from the close relative, the Crested Beardtongue.
Neat Stuff: A close relative of this flower is the Blowout Penstemon or Hayden's Penstemon found in the sandhills region of the state. It is currently listed as an endangered species. There are 250 species of Penstemons in North America.
General: Native Perennial; Flowers from June to August and easily found along the Center trails. In some locations you can find large patches of this plant. Reaches heights of three feet or more with multiple erect stiff stems. A terminal spike contains the flowers. The flowers of the spike mature from the bottom to the top. Has a deep root system allowing it to resist drought conditions.
Neat Stuff: Grazers avoid this plant because of bitter tasting juices. A relative found in the east has been used for a variety of purposes including treatments for stomach aches and hardened arteries.
General: Used frequently in gardens and, like a number of others in the area, introduced by the roads department for revegitation after road work is complete. Plains Indians used the plant for a number of medicinal purposes including as a salve for wounds, tooth ache relief and even for mumps. The root seems to have been the most useful part of the plant for the medicinal uses.
General: Native Perennial; Occurs primarily along roadsides and moist places, explaining why you are more likely to find it at Buffalo Creek than the Center. Tall plant with large clusters of flowers, probably the most common milkweed in the plains. Produces large pods of seeds that have an umbrella like structure allowing the seeds to be dispersed by the wind.
Neat Stuff: Early settlers collected the feathery seeds to stuff pillows and mattresses. The seeds acting in very similar fashion to down.
General: Native Perennial; A treat to find at the center, not because it is any prettier than most but because it is becoming less frequent in the western part of the state. A definate no-no to pick. Plant has a deep tap root of up to five inches. Short plant small purple flowers in a cluster at the top. Our current pics don't show the color well. Leaves similar to many in having small hairs covering surface.
Neat Stuff: After the seeds ripen this plant acts somewhat like a "tumble weed" in that the plant breaks off at the ground and then blows in the wind, thus spreading its seeds. Roots were a food staple for many plains indians.
General: Native Perennial; Flowers in June, found along Center trails but is rather inconspicuous. Attracted to sunny, disturbes sites. Stems resemble many of the grasses that grow in the same areas. Identification made easy if the flower is present although there are not many at any one time.
General: Native Perennial; Found in disturbed sites around the center and along roadsides. Like other thistles can also be found in overgrazed areas in the Panhandle. Unlike several of the other thistles of the area, Flodman's Thistle is a native. It acts as a pioneer plant helping to recolonize disturbed grasslands. It does not compete well with native grasses. Bees are important pollinators.
General: Native Perennial; Very pretty, orange, low lying flower frequently found along paths to the north and west of the Center. flowers from May to August making it one of the longer lived flowers of the area.
Neat Stuff: Reportedly, Dakota medicine men created a paste from this plant and coated their hands with it to make them immune to scalding water thus being able to take hot meal out of a kettle. One has to wonder why, I found no answers. Some members of this genus are eaten by mule deer. Cotton and hollyhocks are related species.
General: Native Perennial; Flowers from May to June, found in disturbed areas along Center trails. Easily spotted because of its purple flower that rises nearly a foot from the ground. In most cases the top of the plant may contain several flowers in various stages. Leaves extend from the base and are narrow and long.
Neat Stuff: Flowers close in the heat of the day. Transplants into gardens fairly easily. Stems contain a juice that can be drawn into slender threads that resemble spiders silk.
General: Native Perennial; Another favorite found in the Nebraska Panhandle. A bit hard to find at the Center, found more frequently in grassy areas to the north and east at Buffalo Creek and also along many roads in the Panhandle. Plants can grow up to a foot, the plants in the photo were about eight inches in height. Leafs contain 6-9 leaflets with hairs on the underside. Color usually violet but does vary.
General: Native perennial, yet another member of the sunflower family. As you will, or may have already discovered, not all members of the sunflower family look like sunflowers on the surface. Flowers from June to August and usually inhabits moister areas of the Center region (for instance like Buffalo Creek to the east). Can grow to four feet and is one of three species found in Nebraska. The genus name for this flower is Lactuca, a reference to the milky substance that is contained within its stems.
General: Native Perennial; Bushes of this plant are evident well before flowering occurs. There are numerous plants along the trails leading to the west from the rear of the Center. Like many inhabitants of the area, are attracted to dry, sandy or gravelly soils and disturbed sites.
General: Native Annual; Another favorite occuring later in the summer from Late July into August and September. Also commonly seen along roadsides. Attracted to disturbes sites, it colonizes well under less than ideal circumstances.
Neat Stuff: The flowers produce large quantities of nectar, attracting the bees that give the plant its common name. Some Indians are said to have used boiled leaves as greens or treatments for stomach problems. Early Spanish settlers reportedly ground the seeds as a substitute for flour.
General: Native Perennial; Really neat flower found later in the summer from July to August. The pictures were taken at Cedar Canyon to the west but there is a fairly large patch growing toward the end of the long trail. It resides back in the shadows, in the cooler areas of the Wildcats. Tall, reaching 2-3 feet in height locally. Flowers located at the end of the stalk.
Neat Stuff: Leaves are known to provide relief of abdominal pains when made into a tea. Other uses include treatments for pimples, and seasoning for food having a flavor similar to oregano.
General: Native Perennial; Although more common in the east we have found this one locally. The pictures were taken at the base of Stage hill on the north side along Hwy 71. Found later in the summer from July to August but it was nearly September before we noticed it.
Neat Stuff: Great forage for livestock and native grazers alike, however, does not respond well to grazing pressures. Like its white cousin was also used to make tea and dried stems used for brooms.
General: This little flower is hard to see simply because it is very small. The plant itself can be fairly large and grow close to the ground spreading over a large area but the flowers are so small they are easy to miss. This species can be found virtually everywhere in North America in roadside ditches and disturbed areas. Here at the Center they can be found in the areas next to the roads. Related to the much taller and much more visible Wooly Verbena found in abundance here at the Center.
General: Native Perennial; Without a doubt the top of our favorite list. A challenge to find both due to its small three inch stature and its extremely short flowering period. In the Wildcat area the flowering time is around three days so if you visit the center on Saturday the flower of the pincushion may come and go before next Saturday! We were very fortunate to stumble across this one. This cactus is not common in the east.
General: Native Perennial; Another August bloomer, however, not one you are likely to see at the Center due to its preference for moist habitats. This plant is becoming more frequent in the western part of the state. Tall, reaching two feet or more in height. Flowers located on the top of the stem, five petals split two and three.


Establish voice of a well-positioned constituency who share ideals in regard to professionalism and integrity.
The New York Society of Security Analysts (NYSSA) was founded by a group of professionals that included Benjamin Graham, the "father of securities analysis" and one of the most influential men in the history of finance. Through generations of investment professionals NYSSA remains steady as a leading forum for the investment community since 1937. Today, with almost 9,000 members, NYSSA is one of the largest of the more than 142 societies worldwide that comprise CFA Institute. The mission of the NYSSA Alternative Investments Interest Group is to provide a forum for the discussion and analysis of nontraditional investment approaches, including all forms of hedge funds, funds of funds, private equity, structured products, institutional real estate, and other investments. Mark will Co-Chair the group alongside, Steven Bloom, CFA, an independent real estate specialist.


A film production crew is wrapping up a major movie filming in Honey Springs, Kentucky.
Everyone is excited. The production crew has brought the bright lights to the tourist town and The Bean Hive has been supplying the production crew with unlimited treats and coffee.
When film actress Daisy Lemon comes in for a taste of the Star Studded Latte being served at the Bean Hive, Roxy Bloom is excited to serve her one. It would be good for promotion for Roxy to get a photo of the famous actress drinking her creation, only Roxy is witness to Daisy's kidnapping.
The Star Studded Latte is now know as the Kidnap Latte, bringing national attention to the Bean Hive, attention that's not necessarily welcome.
With production on hold and Stephen Lemon, Daisy's husband, as the number one suspect, Roxy puts back on her law hat to help Stephen not only clear his name, but find Daisy before Honey Springs is no longer known for the cute, southern, lake tourist town due to the sudden spotlight on the cozy town.


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Automatic Ballistic Tracking System (ABTS)
HOME » Work » Projects » Automatic Ballistic Tracking…
The Automatic Ballistic Tracking System is an MSCCS/MMP configuration specifically designed for ballistic tests. With ABTS the Test Team can easily plan, simulate, control and manage the ballistic tests. In fact, the system is a real-time command and control station with a simple and efficient Graphical User Interface (GUI) that speeds up the operations and improves the user and tactical map interaction.
ABTS acquires and manages the real-time TSPI data flows of radars, Electro-Optical tracking Sensors and Point of Impact Detection Systems, meanwhile produces a visual output of the current operations through advanced data fusion algorithms.
The system embodies also two subsystems:
The ABTS recording subsystem which stores data and replays previously recorded missions
The ABTS post processing subsystem which performs the analysis on recorded data
The software of the Automatic Ballistic Tracking System is part of the Mission Management Platform, NT-MMP suite.
The scalable architecture of the ABTS design allows extensions and upgrades. Indeed, the hardware components are transportable and rack-mounted, likewise the MMP software, also conceived with libraries and building blocks. As a result, the system permits a smooth integration of additional features and subsystems.
ABTS is a distributed system deployed in three main units:
The Processing Unit which manages and processes the real-time tasks
The Control Unit that allows to monitor and command the ABTS thru the GUI
The Monitoring Unit, an additional GUI subsystem to monitor the processing system and tracking data


With a new presenting sponsor, Nature's Bakery, joining Herbalife24 and Marc Pro for the 2016 season, this year brought some changes to the design of our team-issue clothing. Last year, OLAB in Truckee, CA designed the vision, branding, and look of the team. With our new sponsors on board, it was time for some updates!
We maintained the base of green and black to represent H24 and Marc Pro, along with a colorful strip on the back based off an infographic explaining the products of the H24 line. To represent the arrival of Nature's Bakery and the increased sponsorship from Giant USA, we included a blue Nature's Bakery logo and a blue Giant armband around the left sleeve and left cuff of the shorts. The blue highlights will carry through our overall look with blue Giant shoes and blue Spy sunglasses.
Jakroo Custom Apparel has been a sponsor of the program for 3 years. The company owns every step of its process end to end. Jakroo USA has a base of operations locally here in the Bay Area, in Pleasanton, CA. They entered the cycling space under the Jakroo brand name 5 years ago, although they have been producing and designing custom clothing for 20 years. They have nailed their niche in the market: top quality, low order volume, amazing customer service, and an absolutely incredible turnaround time. The experience I had ordering our team kit exemplifies their smooth operation.
I gave riders 4 days to submit their orders. They specified the clothing they wanted, some wanted 3 skin suits, others wanted cold weather riding gear, etc. By letting them choose their own kit allocation, they were able to get exactly what they wanted. They could specify both the size and the fit (Standard or Slim) for each item. To top it off, each rider could customize their kit with their name on the side panel, an incredibly cool and unique feature giving the kit a personalized feel. Riders entered their code specifying their allotment of kit and could easily order more if they saw fit.
Finally, they entered their home shipping addresses. That's right, no sorting out the kit from a big order by hand, making big piles and lots of headaches. The brand new kit would be delivered right to our doorsteps.
Our kit was ordered, and everyone was out training in the new gear by January 11th. That's right, the kit was produced and delivered less than a month after first contacting Jakroo and 21 days after ordering it. Incredible! And get this; we're able to reorder new kit every two weeks that will be delivered 14 days later at 3-5 piece bulk pricing for a single piece. No more having to reserve a stock of kit for riders that go down, I can always just order more!
Out of the box, the colors really popped. There is incredible attention to detail. Reflective tabs. A zipper pocket on the back. A super quality chamois. A perfect fit. Both my riders and myself couldn't be happier with our Jakroo experience. In summary: just use Jakroo to make your custom team kit. They're the best.
The fit is great and the 2016 design really pops. So many compliments on how the new kit seems so much more pro than even last years. Helmets and shoes complete the pro look.


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Helen Gesiotto
Helen McGurl Gesiotto, Myrtle Beach, SC, passed away peacefully on January 10, 2020 at Grand Strand Medical Center, surrounded by her family. She was born in Blakeley, PA to Pauline and Bernard McGurl on August 4, 1941. Her husband, Quinto Gesiotto, passed away in 2000. She was also preceded in death by her brother, John, and her sister, Mary.
She is survived by her children Michael Gesiotto and his wife, Laura, of Bealeton, VA and her daughter Carol Buckanavage and husband, Rob, of Mint Hill, NC. Her four grandchildren, Quinn, Sydney, Brendon, and Meredith were the apples of her eye.
Prior to moving to Myrtle Beach Helen was a resident of Springfield, Virginia where she resided for more than 50 years. She resided in the Cresswind of Myrtle Beach for the past five years. She was very active in her community and made many friends, especially the crew on Birchwood Circle. She was an avid Washington Redskin fan and never missed a Yankee baseball game.
Helen loved to travel and enjoyed many trips with family and friends. She especially liked cruising. In her free time, she enjoyed thrift store shopping and was especially good at finding the "diamond in the rough". She enjoyed coloring and never said no to a good game of Rumikub.
A memorial service in Springfield, Va will be held at a future date. Helen was passionate about helping others and would appreciate any donations made in her memory to Family Justice Center of Georgetown at PO Box 366, Georgetown, SC 29442
Helen lived her life filled with adventure and a zest for living and we will miss her every day. Our hearts are broken but our memories of her will forever keep her close to us.
Send messages to the family using the Guestbook tab above.
Sandy Jerbert
Birchwood circle
Helen to me was"happy Helen" even though I hadn't got to spend a lot of time with her except when she volunteered for trivia she always had a smile...rest in peace Helen,keep smiling down on us...
Joanne Quaranta
May beautiful memories bring peace and comfort to all. Joanne & Frank Quaranta
Mrs. Gesiotto was a kind and gracious lady - she always made us feel welcome and always cared about our families and lives. I admired her quietly independent and adventurous spirit. She will be missed. Much love to Carol, Michael, and their families.
R.Pawling Sr.&C.Pawling PAWLING
She was a great friend we will miss her.
Penny & Jim Andrew
Jim and I lucked out having Helen as our next door neighbor. We will miss sitting on her porch talking and laughing! She was kind of heart and soul...and a little bit stubborn. Our deepest sympathies to her family, which are now a part of the Birchwood Family! Save us a place at the table Helen, until we meet again.
Debi Sova
Cresswind
The world has lost a bright light. I will miss Helen's beautiful smile and the way she made everyone feel special. My sincere condolences to her family. May your wonderful memories help you through this difficult time.
Gesiotto


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THAAD missile defense system arrives in South Korea
Lee Jin-man
SEOUL (CNN) -- The first pieces of a US-built missile defense system designed to mitigate the threat of North Korean missiles arrived at the Osan Air Base in South Korea Monday night, according to the US military.
The announcement comes just a day after North Korea test-fired four ballistic missiles into the Sea of Japan, also known as the East Sea.
With North Korea upping the amount of missile and nuclear tests last year, the US and South Korea have publicly stressed the need to speed up the deployment of the technology, which is called the Terminal High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD) system.
It's designed to shoot down incoming missiles that threaten civilian populations, akin to shooting a bullet with another bullet, experts say.
"Continued provocative actions by North Korea, to include yesterday's launch of multiple missiles, only confirm the prudence of our alliance decision last year to deploy THAAD to South Korea," Adm. Harry Harris, commander, US Pacific Command, said in a news release.
US Secretary of Defense James Mattis and South Korean Defense Secretary Han Min-koo spoke over the phone last week and agreed that THAAD should be deployed "ASAP."
North Korea sees the missile defense system as a threat that will push the Korean peninsula to the "brink of a nuclear war," it said last month through state media.
The US and its allies in the region, notably South Korea and Japan, tend to focus on THAAD's defensive nature. They tout its value as a system to prevent a missile from hitting a target and killing people.
"This is purely a defensive measure that the alliance must take in light of the serious threat posed by North Korean missiles," Chris Bush, a spokesman for the US Forces in Korea said.
But Beijing and Moscow don't see it that way. They're both vehemently opposed to THAAD's deployment because they believe it threatens their own security interests.
CNN's Paula Hancocks reported from Seoul, while Joshua Berlinger reported and wrote from Hong Kong
WMAR


The Rapture is a contemporary bathroom vanity set that embraces the latest trend in luxury modern bathroom design.
This beautiful single sink modern bathroom vanity is ideal for any size bathroom. Its unique style captivates its extraordinary elegant modern feel. A spacious solid rubberwood countertop in gray captivates the vanity's elegant modern appeal. Featured below the gray countertop in a staggered design is the solid rubberwood vanity cabinet with 1 large drawer. The matching side shelf features a spacious ledge for additional storage and a modern design. The frameless mirror completes this modern bathroom vanity set.


Our Adult and Family Conferences a full of opportunities for growth, recreation, relationships, and lasting memories.
Check in is required upon arrival. Registration is held in the Missions Building - Building 1 or first building on the left after entering the Camp Gate. Please check-in before moving into a room or setting up your RV.
Number of People means the number of people in your family over the age of seven, regardless of where they are staying.
A Family Registration may include an adult individual or couple and their children or grandchildren who are under 18. Adult children must register separately.
Lodging Explanations: Wi-Ne-Ma Christian Camp offers a variety of housing options, from RV and tent camping to staying in the cabins. Housing is assigned by the Registrar for the specific conference. Requests for specific lodging areas are subject to availability and can be made on your registration form or by contacting the Conference Registrar. Please remember that you'll need to bring your own bedding, pillows, towels, etc.
Housing can consist of RV, Tents, or Camp Housing. Camp Housing is assigned by the Registrar on a first-come, first-served basis at the Registrar's discretion. Camping sites for RV's and Tents are also assigned at the Registrar's discretion.
Minor Persons 18 years of age or under unaccompanied by a parent or guardian must have written assignment of responsibility from a parent or guardian to an adult sponsor in resident attendance at the Camp or Conference in session.
Please Do Not Bring: Dogs and other pets, firearms, fireworks, bicycles, roller blades, scooters, alcoholic beverages, tobacco, or illegal drugs.
Be mindful of the close community setting of these Conferences and be considerate of your neighbors.
Cancellation Policy: Please notify us if you are unable to attend the Conference for which you have registered. If notification is received prior to start of registration we will refund all but $50 of your paid fees. If you do not notify us before registration begins, there will be NO REFUND.
Fees: The cost for these conferences varies according to the number of people over the age of 7 in your family and the type of housing (Camp Housing, RV, Tent, Off-site) chosen.


96FM's Hour of Power hosts Kyle and Jackie O received a message on Instagram from a listener who said she had a story to tell us in regards to Dan cheating on Jess.
"That we'd got introduced that night and then we just had conversation and stuff. And then he tried to take me home and was being extremely persistent and I just didn't want a bar of it," Hannah continued to say.


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What to See and Do in Philadelphia
Welcome to the Cradle of Liberty! You can download a map of the Official Historic Philadelphia Trail here, or simply make up your itinerary.
See Philly from Above
Touring Around
The Must See Attractions in Philly
Independence Hall, 520 Chestnut Street
During the summer of 1776, 56 men gathered in the West Wing of the Pennsylvania State House to sign a document declaring American independence from Britain. They called it the Declaration of Independence. The original inkstand used to sign the Declaration of Independence is still on display in what is now Independence Hall, where the US Constitution was signed 11 years later. Walk-up tickets are available starting at 8:30 AM but often are gone by 1 PM. You can buy timed tickets in advance for $1.50 each either online or by phone. https://www.nps.gov/inde/planyourvisit/independencehalltickets.htm
Independence Visitor Center
The Visitor Center, in the heart of Independence Mall, is the exclusive location to pick up free, timed tickets to tour Independence Hall. It provides a walkway from Independence Hall and the Liberty Bell to the National Constitution Center.
http://www.phlvisitorcenter.com/start-here
The Liberty Bell, Liberty Bell Center, 6th and Market Streets
What was once the State House Bell, ordered from Whitechapel Foundry in England, cracked on its first test ring. Two local metal workers melted it down and created a new bell that rang to call lawmakers to meetings and residents to hear the news. This remade bell also cracked in 1840, after years of hard use. The slight crack was widened to prevent it from spreading to restore the bell's tone. The bell's inscription, "Proclaim Liberty Throughout All the Land Unto All the Inhabitants thereof," became a rallying cry for abolitionists, women's suffragists, and civil rights activists through the years. No tickets are required to see the bell. The Center also contains a film and exhibits about the bell.
President's House Site, 6th and Market Streets
This open-air exhibit sits near the site of one of three original President's Houses in Philadelphia, when the city was the capital of the new nation. In 2000, during excavation for the new Liberty Bell Center, workmen uncovered the foundations of the house, which had been demolished in part in 1832 and later completely in the 1950s. Since the Center was going to be just five feet from the site of Washington's slave quarters, Independence National Historical Park included material about the nine slaves Washington kept at the house and the history of US slavery as part of the exhibit. The remaining foundations of the building are visible.
Carpenters Hall, 320 Chestnut Street
The Carpenters' Company, founded in Philadelphia in 1724, helped share information on the art of building and architecture, set rules and prices, and provided help to indigent craftsmen, much like European guilds. The building that housed the group was finished in 1774, when it was tapped to host the First Continental Congress, attended by George Washington, John Adams, Samuel Adams, and Patrick Henry. Independence Hall, then known as the State House, was bypassed because it was thought to be hotbed of Tory sympathizers. Inside the Hall today, there is a display of eight Windsor chairs used by the members of the Congress. At one time, Benjamin Franklin's Library Company was located here, as were the First and Second Banks of the US. In fact, the first bank robbery in the country occurred at Carpenter's Hall. The building is an example of Georgian architecture.
National Constitution Center, Independence Mall
In 2007, President George H. W. Bush and U2 front man Bono shared a stage at the National Constitution Center when Bono was given the National Liberty Medal for his work in Africa. Bush was the previous year's recipient, with President Bill Clinton. The Medal was established in 1988, shortly before the center's opening in 2000, to recognize leadership in pursuit of freedom. It's just one initiative of the Center which was set up by Congress to explain this critical document in American history via exhibits, interactive displays, and artifacts, including one of the original copies of the Constitution. You can add your name to the Constitution in Signers' Hall, where you can see lifelike bronze statues of 42 of the Founding Fathers.
http://constitutioncenter.org
Elfreth's Alley, between North 2nd and North Front Street
If you want a glimpse into the 18th century, walk the brick cobbles of this narrow street, the oldest continuously inhabited street in America, named for Jeremiah Elfreth, a blacksmith who built and rented out many homes in 18th century Philadelphia. Benjamin Franklin once lived here, though it's not clear which house was his. The Mantua Maker's Museum House at 126 (a mantua was a popular cape at the time) is open to the public, as are two homes in Bladen's Court, itself an alley, near Front Street. The homes are examples of Trinity houses, called locally "Father, Son, and Holy Ghost" houses because there is only one room on each of their three stories. During the 19th century, the alley became the neighborhood of recently arrived immigrant workers from Germany, Ireland, and Europe. http://www.elfrethsalley.org/museum/
Christ Church, 2nd and Market Streets
In 1776, the eight bells in Christ Church steeple rang out to announce and celebrate the Declaration of Independence and, unlike the Liberty Bell, those bells still ring today. Historian David McCullough once said that no other church "has played a more significant role in our nation's birth." Founded in 1695, the church's current building was erected in 1744. Benjamin Franklin and Betsy Ross were parishioners (she was married to the son of the assistant rector); George Washington and John Adams attended services. Fifteen signers of the Declaration of Independence were also part of the congregation. Brass plaques mark the pews where they worshipped. What started as an Anglican Church left the Church of England and became the first Episcopal Church in the US. The baptismal font where William Penn was baptized in England is still in use in the church. Not far from the church, at 20 N. American Street, is the Christ Church Burial Ground where Benjamin Franklin and his wife and five signers of the Declaration of Independence are buried. It's a local tradition to toss pennies on Franklin's grave, which is visible through the iron fence at 5th and Arch when the cemetery is closed.
http://www.christchurchphila.org/Historic-Christ-Church/73/b
Franklin Square, 200 N. 6th Street
Set in one of the five original squares laid out by William Penn, this eight-acre park is not where you go when you want a moment of solitude in the city. It's a family friendly destination with a fountain that dates back to Penn's day, an 18-hole miniature golf course, Center City's only carousel, a playground, a memorial to the city's fallen firefighters and police officers, and a burger joint.
http://historicphiladelphia.org/franklin-square/what-to-see/
Betsy Ross House, 239 Arch Street
Seamstress Betsy Ross is best known for purportedly sewing the first American flag in this house she shared with her husband, John Ross, and where they ran their upholstery business. The house was built in 1740 and the Rosses rented it. It's an excellent example of the 18th century colonial home, with its tiny rooms and tight staircases and is the only example of an 18th century upholstery shop in the country. Audio tours are available. Tickets are $7 for adults, $6 for children, the military, and seniors.
http://historicphiladelphia.org/betsy-ross-house/what-to-see/
Washington Square, between Washington and Sixth
Washington Square, like Franklin's Square, is one of the city's five public squares laid out by William Penn in his original plan for the city. Located in the historic district, it has been a park for more than 200 years, so it's likely that you will be strolling in the footsteps of some of the Founding Fathers. This 6.4 acre former potter's field and pasture houses the Tomb of the Unknown Revolutionary War Soldier and was once the center of Philadelphia's publishing industry. The "moon tree," a sycamore, planted in 1975, was grown from seeds carried to the moon on the Apollo 14 mission.
Headhouse Square, Second and Lombard Streets
Ignore the cars and you can see old Philadelphia on Headhouse Square in Society Hill. There are cobblestone streets flanked by original late 18th- and early 19th-century buildings. It's home to Headhouse Square Farmers' Market, the oldest farmers' market in Philadelphia, held every Sunday May through December underneath "the Shambles," a shed erected in 1745 to shelter merchants selling their wares. http://thefoodtrust.org/farmers-markets/market/headhouse At one end of the square is the Head House, which was once a firehouse.
Delaware River Waterfront, Columbus Boulevard and Delaware Avenue
Penn's Landing is the focal point of the Delaware River Waterfront, where festivals are held and pop-up parks emerge and films are shown under starlight in the summer. The Independence Seaport Museum at water's edge tells Philadelphia's maritime history. You can board the Olympia, berthed outside, the oldest floating steel warship most famous for being Admiral Perry's flagship during the Spanish-American War. You can also tour the Becuna, a submarine. Take a stroll along the Race Street Pier in the shadow of the Ben Franklin Bridge. Penn Treaty Park at N. Delaware Avenue and Beach Street marks the reputed spot where William Penn signed a peace treaty with the Lenape tribe in 1683. There are a number of restaurants along the waterfront area. You can also see Philadelphia's own Tall Ship, the Gazela and dine aboard the Moshulu, the world's oldest and largest square rigged sailing vessel still afloat, docked permanently as a restaurant at 401 S. Coumbus Blvd.
How To See Philly From Above
City Hall Tower Observation Deck, 1401 JFK Boulevard
Get 360-degrees of Philly from just underneath the statue of William Penn at the top of City Hall Tower, 548 feet above the city. Timed tickets are $6 and can be purchased at the Tour Information Center in the East Portal of City Hall, Room 121. The tower is open to the public from noon to 4:15 pm. For information, call 215-686-2840
One Liberty Observation Deck, 1 Liberty Place, 1625 Chestnut Street
Head to the 57th floor of one of the city's tallest buildings. Open daily from 10 AM to 10 PM, admission is $19 general, $14, youth. For information, call 215-561-3325
The Philadelphia Museum of Art, Benjamin Franklin Parkway
Do a Rocky run up the steps after posing for photos with the Rocky statue at the bottom. But also go in. The museum is the legacy of the great Centennial Exhibition of 1876 held in Fairmount Park. It contains more than 227,000 objects of American, European, and Asian origin, from the works of Pablo Picasso, Salvador Dali, and August Rodin (whose works are also housed in the Rodin Museum not far away on the Parkway) to a vast armor collection to the inside of a Japanese teahouse. It's open Tuesday though Sunday, 10 AM to 5 PM, and Wednesday and Friday evenings till 8:45 PM. Admission is $20 for adults; $18 for seniors, $14 for students with valid ID, $14 for youths 12-18; children 12 and under are free. http://www.philamuseum.org
The Barnes Foundation, 2025 Benjamin Franklin Parkway
The newest building on the Champs d'Elysee-inspired Benjamin Franklin Parkway appropriately contains one of the largest and finest collections of French Impressionist and Post-Impressionist art in the world. It's been described as "a gallery in a garden and a garden in a gallery." It houses the collection of Albert Barnes, an American physician, chemist, and businessman who collected so many artworks it takes a 12,000 square foot gallery just to contain them all. The Barnes is open Wednesday through Monday, 10 AM to 5 PM, and 6-9 PM every First Friday and on select Friday nights. Guided tours are available. Admission is $25 for adults, $23 for seniors, free to $10 for students with ID, $10 for youth 6-18, free for children five and under, and free to educators on Sundays. http://www.barnesfoundation.org
Reading Terminal Market, 51 N. 12th Street (12th and Arch Streets)
America's oldest farmers' market offers everything from tabbouleh to Pennsylvania Dutch fare, cookbooks to cut flowers, cannolis from Termini Brothers to cheesesteaks from Carmen's Famous. In fact, there are more than two dozens restaurants in the market, plus dozens of merchants who will sell you the makings of an amazing meal you can cook yourself. There are also "Taste of Philadelphia: Market Tours" you can take on Wednesday and Saturday. http://www.readingterminalmarket.org
Land Buoy, Washington Avenue Green, Columbus Boulevard and Washington Avenue
This 55-foot tall sculpture at the site of the place that many immigrants first landed in Philadelphia pays tribute to those immigrants, many of them Irish. By Jody Pinto, the sculpture at Washington Avenue Pier is part beacon and viewing platform. Climb the spiral staircase that encases a land buoy and gaze up and down the Delaware River.
Philadelphia Magic Gardens, 1020 South Street
Artist Isaiah Zagar constructed this twist of paths with mosaics made from broken ceramics, glass, mirrors, and other found objects. Go to the Magic Gardens website to find an interactive map of Zagar's other spectacular mosaics around the city. The garden is open Wednesday through Monday 11 AM to 6 PM. There are guided tours at 2 PM on Saturdays and Sundays. Admission: $10 for adults, $8 for students with ID, military and seniors, $5 for ages 6-12, and free for children 5 and under. Most of the exhibit is wheelchair accessible.
https://www.phillymagicgardens.org
The LOVE Sculpture, N. 15th and JFK Plaza
This is where you want to take your selfie, with the iconic Robert Indiana sculpture and the Art Museum at the end of the Parkway as your backdrop. You're also only a short walk to several of Center City's best Irish pubs: Tir na nOg, at 16th and Arch; Con Murphy's Irish Pub at 1700 Benjamin Franklin Parkway at the Windsor Suites, and McGillin's Olde Ale House, at 1310 Drury Lane in the shadow of City Hall, which was founded the year Abraham Lincoln became president.
You can see Philly by trolley, bus, horse or even Duck. Here's how:
Take a horse-drawn carriage ride through Philadelphia's Independence National Historic Park, Society Hill, and Old City with an experienced guide who will navigate you through historic Philadelphia while regaling you with stories of the city's history.
You can buy tickets for the '76 Carriage Company tours at the Independence Visitor Center or online at http://www.phlvisitorcenter.com/tour/76-carriage-company
Price: $40 for 1-4 adults for 15-20 minutes
$50 for 1-4 adults for 30-35 innutes
$100 for 1-4 adults for one hour
Location: 599 Market Street
Like London, Philly has double decker buses that allow you to see the sights, hopping off at any of the 20 stops—and hopping back on when you want to. Knowledgeable guides will give you the grand tour.
Buy tickets online for the Big Bus at https://www.phillytour.com/products-tours.php
Price: $30 a day for adults for a 90-minute tour
Seniors, $28; children ages 4-12, $10.
Location: Northeast corner of 5th and Market Streets
You'll be looking for Judy Garland on the Philadelphia Trolley Works burgundy and green Victorian style open air trolleys that allows you to hop on and off at 27 locations throughout the city, including Chinatown, the Cathedral of Sts. Peter and Paul, and the Philadelphia Zoo, as well as all the historic areas.
Buy tickets on line at https://www.phillytour.com/philadelphia-trolley-works-hop-on-hop-off-sightseeing-trolley-tour/p5
Price: Tickets range from $30 for adults for one day; $28 for seniors, and $10 for children 4-12.
The Ride the Ducks' amphibious vehicle offers you an 80-minute tour of Philly's historic district and its museum district—and a cool splashdown in the Delaware River. You can also buy tickets for the tour and a visit to the Adventure Aquarium in Camden, NJ. http://philadelphia.ridetheducks.com
Order tickets online at https://tickets.phillyducks.com
Price: $31 for adults 13-61
$29 for seniors (62+)
$20 for children 4-12
$5 for infant 0-3
Location: 6th Street at the corner of Chestnut Street across from the Liberty Bell
Philly Fun Guide
Irish Philadelphia
What to See Do
Irish Pubs & Restaurants


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Interleaved practice improves math test scores
The results of a randomized controlled trial, published in Journal of Educational Psychology, suggest that a greater emphasis on interleaved practice may dramatically improve math test scores for seventh graders. Whereas most mathematics worksheets consist of a block of problems devoted to the same skill or concept, an interleaved worksheet is arranged so that no two consecutive problems require the same strategy. Doug Rohrer and colleagues conducted the study with 54 classes in a large school district in Florida during the 2017–2018 school year. Over a period of four months, the classes periodically completed either interleaved or blocked worksheets, and then both groups completed an interleaved review worksheet. All students completed the same problems. One month later, students took an unannounced test which was set by the researchers. The study found that: Students who had completed the interleaved assignments performed much better on the unannounced test than those in the blocked assignment...
02 07 2019 02 07 2019
How engaged are teachers with research?
A research briefing published by the Education Endowment Foundation (EEF) in the UK looks at what progress has been made in embedding evidence-informed practice within teaching in England. As part of the brief, researchers from the National Foundation for Educational Research (NFER) summarized findings from a nationally representative survey of 1,670 schools and teachers. The survey was conducted between September and November 2017, and investigated teachers' research use. The results of the survey suggest that: Research evidence continues to play a relatively small role in influencing teachers' decision-making. Eighty-four percent of those surveyed said that their continuing professional development was based on information other than academic research. Most teachers report that their schools offer supporting environments, which enablesevidence-informed practice to flourish. Seventy-three percent 'agreed' or 'strongly agreed' that their school provided a positive culture for professional development and evidence use. Teachers report generally positive attitudes towards research evidence, despite the fact that research evidence had...
Using Expressive Writing to Reduce Test Anxiety
Test Anxiety can have negative impacts on students' performance and psychological health. This study published in PLOS ONE examined whether expressive writing could be beneficial to alleviate test anxiety. Lujun Shen and colleagues conducted a randomized controlled trial among senior high school students in China who were facing The National Higher Education Entrance Examination (Gaokao), which is considered the most important exam of a student's life. The study randomly selected 200 students from three senior-high schools in Xinxiang city. Students were first assessed for eligibility. A sample of 75 students was recruited into the study for having a high level of test anxiety. Then, 38 of them were allocated into an expressive writing group, and 37 of them were allocated to a control writing group. Students in the expressive writing group were instructed to write for 20 minutes about the positive emotions they had each day, consecutively for 30 days....
Amanda Inns and colleagues from Johns Hopkins Center for Research and Reform in Education have completed a research review on effective programs for struggling readers in elementary schools. A total of 61 studies of 48 programs met study inclusion standards. 84% were randomized experiments and 16% quasi-experiments. Results showed that: There were positive outcomes for one-to-one tutoring and positive but not as large for one-to-small group tutoring. There were no differences in outcomes between teachers and teaching assistants as tutors. Whole-class approaches (mostly cooperative learning) and whole-school approaches incorporating tutoring obtained outcomes for struggling readers as large as those found for one-to-one tutoring, and benefitted many more students. However, technology-supported adaptive instruction did not have positive outcomes. The article concludes that approaches mixing classroom and school improvements with tutoring for the most at-risk students have the greatest potential for the largest numbers of struggling readers. Source (Open Access): Inns, A. J.,...
How do students in China and the U.S. perceive school climate differently?
School climate includes factors that serve as conditions for learning and support physical and emotional safety, connection, support, and engagement, as the U.S. Department of Education suggests. In this study published in School Psychology Quarterly, Bear and colleagues examined how students in China and the U.S. perceive school climate differently and how it relates to their engagement in schools. 3,716 Chinese students from 18 schools in Guangzhou and 4,085 American students from 15 schools in Delaware were compared in this study. All schools were suburban schools or urban schools. The sample of American students was randomly selected from a larger dataset consisting of 37,255 students prepared by the Delaware Department of Education to match the student numbers of the Chinese student sample. Students who participated in this study were from grades 3-5, 7-8 and 10-12. Grade 6 and grade 9 were excluded from this study since students in these two...
Promoting positive youth development in afterschool programs
Researchers at Child Trends, the Claremont Evaluation Center, and LA's BEST—a large afterschool program in Los Angeles—have developed a white paper for program leaders, policymakers, and other afterschool stakeholders that examines promising practices for promoting positive youth development in afterschool programs. The research team conducted a review of the literature (limited to meta-analyses) on protective and promotive factors that (1) support positive developmental outcomes among youth, (2) are malleable through intervention, and (3) have direct relevance to the afterschool context. The literature review highlighted four categories of actionable, evidence-informed practices that afterschool program leadership and staff can implement to build protective and promotive factors. The four categories are as follows: Intentional organizational practices: practices that afterschool leadership can purposefully utilize to support the implementation of high-quality programming in afterschool programs (e.g., leadership engages in thoughtful staff hiring, onboarding, and training practices; leadership fosters collaboration among staff and across settings). High-quality learning environments:...
Does anxiety affect performance, or poor performance cause anxiety?
Math anxiety is the state of discomfort around the performance of mathematical tasks. Does math anxiety cause poor performance in mathematics, or is it poor performance in mathematics that causes math anxiety? The question is important, because it affects the "treatment" that results. Should the focus be on improving students' confidence, or their math ability? A review in Frontiers in Psychology considers the evidence supporting the two models – The Deficit Theory, which claims that poor performance leads to high anxiety, or The Debilitating Anxiety Theory, which claims that anxiety reduces performance by affecting the pre-processing, processing, and retrieval of information. The review reveals that the evidence is conflicting – There is research to support the Deficit Theory, with the strongest evidence coming from longitudinal studies and studies of mathematical disabilities. Similarly, there is support for the Debilitating Anxiety Model from studies across all ages that have manipulated anxiety to reveal either...
Improving mathematical problem solving in grades 4 through 8
This practice guide from the What Works Clearinghouse provides five recommendations for improving students' mathematical problem solving in grades 4 through 8. The guide is geared toward teachers, math coaches, other educators, and curriculum developers who want to improve the mathematical problem solving of students. Recommendations include: Assist students in monitoring and reflecting on the problem-solving process. Teach students how to use visual representations. Expose students to multiple problem-solving strategies. The guide presents evidence-based suggestions for putting each recommendation into practice and describes roadblocks that may be encountered, as well as possible solutions. Each recommendation is rated based on the strength of the research evidence that has shown the effectiveness of the recommendation. The recommendations listed above have strong to moderate evidence of effectiveness. Source (Open Access): Woodward, J., Beckmann, S., Driscoll, M., Franke, M., Herzig, P., Jitendra, A., …Ogbuehi, P. (2012). Improving mathematical problem solving in grades 4 through 8:...
Traditional teaching methods may be putting off math students
Traditional teaching methods, where the teacher stands at the front and dictates to the class, may be affecting students' attitudes toward math, suggested by researchers at the University of Manchester. More than 13,000 11- to 16-year-old students and 128 teachers at 40 secondary schools across England were asked to complete questionnaires detailing the kind of activities they experienced in math lessons. The study found that: Traditional activities such as copying the teacher's notes from the board and being asked questions by the teacher were most frequently cited, ahead of alternative learning approaches such as using media-like magazines and videos in class. Students who reported a more traditional teaching experience in their lessons also named math as their least favorite subject. The results of a review in 2009 from the Johns Hopkins School of Education's Center for Research and Reform in Education, Effective Programs in Middle and High School Mathematics: A Best-Evidence...


The Kardashian-Jenner clan play to win!
Kris Jenner spoke exclusively to ET's Keltie Knight at the February taping of their Celebrity Family Feud episode, which has Kris and her daughters, Khloe Kardashian and Kendall Jenner, along with other family members and friends, going up against Kim Kardashian West, Kanye West and his cousins.
The 62-year-old momager was especially entertained by the apparent beef between sisters Khloe and Kim. "She's not even going to say hello," Kris quipped of Khloe, who was pregnant at the time of the taping and refused to shake her older sibling's hand while on the show. "Like, I love Khloe's commitment."
As for Kanye, he wasn't even originally slated to appear on the episode, which was originally to be a feud between the Kardashian and Hilton families.
"Up until the last minute, we had our very own family feud," Kris exclaimed. "We were coming -- with me and my girls -- and all of the sudden Kanye hijacked Family Feud. He had his own team!"
Kim, 37, also confirmed this to ET, noting, "Kanye wasn't going to do it. It wasn't the plan. When he heard I was doing it, he was like, 'No no no, I've got to come too.'"
She added of the 40-year-old rapper, "He was in his element. We have [Family Feud] on in our household at all times."
"They were supposed to play against the Paris Hilton family, the Hiltons against the Kardashians. The Hiltons cancelled so Kanye, who's a big fan of Family Feud said, 'I want to play,'" he shared. "So, he brought his family -- people you don't know, these cousins. They were just the best because they were just, like, hood."
The father of three's late addition is one that Steve definitely supports. "Kanye was the best Family Feud celebrity panelist we've ever had on the show. He loves the show," he mused. "His people said, 'Steve, this is the most Kanye has ever smiled since we've been working for him.' Kanye smiled! When I introduced him, he smiled. Tune in and you'll see Kanye smiling."
However, Kim didn't fair as well as her husband on the show, according to the game show host. "Kim didn't know nothing," he joked.
Catch the Kardashian-Jenner clan take on the Wests when the season premiere of Celebrity Family Feud airs June 10 on ABC.


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Permaculture In Development: An introduction to permaculture and its application in agriculture development
By: Brad Ward
From: ECHO Development Notes (EDN) | EDN Issue #129
Figure 1: The permaculture-designed community garden space at ECHO. Source: Betsy Langford.
The word permaculture is mentioned with increasing frequency in speeches, books and magazine articles on sustainability and food security. What is permaculture? Is it a movement? A philosophy? Simply a set of design tools? In this article, I answer the above questions by looking at permaculture from a variety of angles. First, I briefly describe permaculture's history, underlying ethics, and key principles and common practices. Then I discuss common criticisms of permaculture and explain the underlying perspective that shapes its use in addressing a community's food, water and shelter needs (i.e., the lens through which a permaculturalist views development). Finally, I share how permaculture has influenced my own life and work, both as a Christian and as an agriculture development worker.
The word permaculture, coined by its co-founder Bill Mollison, is formed from the words "permanent" and "agriculture." The concept of permaculture is difficult to explain in just a few words, because the term is used to describe (usually simultaneously) both a worldview/philosophy for living on the earth and a set of design principles and practices.
Bill Mollison emphasized the philosophical aspect in his definition: "Permaculture is a philosophy of working with, rather than against nature; of protracted and thoughtful observation rather than protracted and thoughtless labor; and of looking at plants and animals in all their functions, rather than treating any area as a single-product system" (Mollison 1988).
Rafter Ferguson, a well-regarded permaculture researcher and practitioner, has an elegantly simple way to frame the many aspects of permaculture: "Permaculture is meeting human needs while increasing ecosystem health" (Ferguson 2012). To guard against reductionism, Rafter adds a cautionary statement to his concise definition, saying, "I'm all for shorthand definitions in the right context as long as it's being used to communicate a principle rather than obscure fundamental complexity" (Ferguson 2013b).
My own definition of permaculture is as follows: Permaculture is a cohesive set of ethics, principles and practices that help guide the stewardship of an ecosystem to ensure resilience and abundance to all its inhabitants.
Permaculturalists and Permaculture Designers
The permaculture movement is very open-source and non-centralized. A person wanting to call him/herself a Permaculturalist or Permaculture Designer is expected to complete a Permaculture Design Course (PDC) led by a teacher or group of teachers with sufficient training and experience to teach the course. Courses are offered through universities, at small farms that have been designed around permaculture principles, and even in the backyards of urban/peri-urban permaculturalists. Each course includes 72 hours of instruction based on the main themes laid out in Permaculture: A Designers' Manual by Bill Mollison (1988). Courses can be structured many ways: intensive courses take place over nine consecutive days, weekend courses take place over several consecutive weekends, and online courses are typically nine weeks long.
Many people practice permaculture without calling themselves permaculture designers and without having taken a PDC. For example, ECHO's Global Farm in Fort Myers, Florida, is an excellent example of applied permaculture practice, even though it has not been specifically designed according to permaculture principles. Many ECHO Technical Notes and articles have detailed the application of permaculture principles without using the "permaculture" label.
Key Figures and Primary Source Literature
Bill Mollison (born in 1928) is considered to be the father of permaculture. In 1978, Mollison collaborated with David Holmgren to write a foundational book called Permaculture One. Mollison also wrote Permaculture: A Designers' Manual, published in 1988. This 400-page book lays down the foundational philosophies, principles and practices of permaculture. Mollison founded The Permaculture Institute in Tasmania, and created a training system to train others under the umbrella of permaculture.
David Holmgren (born in 1955) is a co-originator of the permaculture concept with Mollison. Holmgren is an Australian permaculture designer, ecological educator and writer. His 2002 book, Permaculture: Principles and Pathways Beyond Sustainability, provides what many view as a more accessible guide to the principles of permaculture. Holmgren refined those principles over more than 25 years of practice.
Two other authors whose ideas are featured prominently in permaculture concepts are P.A. Yeomans (1904-1984) and Masanobu Fukuoka (1913-2008).
P.A. Yeomans was an Australian inventor known for the Keyline system, used to develop land and increase its fertility. Yeomans' Keyline concepts are now part of the curriculum of many sustainable agriculture courses in colleges and universities across the world. Yeomans wrote four books: The Keyline Plan; The Challenge of Landscape; Water for Every Farm; and The City Forest.
Masanobu Fukuoka was a Japanese farmer and philosopher. He promoted no-till, no-herbicide grain cultivation farming methods, and created a particular method of farming, commonly referred to as "Natural Farming" or "Do-nothing Farming". Fukuoka authored several Japanese books, scientific papers and other publications, most notably The One-Straw Revolution.
Due to the recent growth in permaculture's popularity, many books have been written to help explain basic concepts or to drill deeper into a particular system and/or practice. An extensive list of permaculture books and websites can be found at the end of the article.
Permaculture as a movement
Permaculture practitioners and teachers think deeply about natural systems, and especially about human interaction with those systems. Because technology has increased the capacity for humans to make large-scale and rapid changes to entire ecosystems, permaculture practitioners often find themselves on the front lines of a debate that pits extractive greed against the long-term health of the planet. In this way, permaculture joins the larger movement of those who wish to conserve natural systems and mitigate/restore the damage done by decades of unbridled exploitation. Permaculture's voice in this movement is valuable because it offers positive, actionable design alternatives to the status quo.
Permaculture as a process for designing human community and natural ecosystems
Using a permaculture framework, the design process moves through several levels. It begins with ethics, then moves to principles, next to design strategies, and finally to technique or application.
I. Ethics
Permaculture, whether viewed as a philosophy, a movement or a design process, rests on three ethical pillars: 1) care for the earth; 2) care for people; and 3) set limits to consumption and reproduction, and redistribute surplus (Holmgren 2002). Most people can agree with the first two ethical statements, but the concepts of population control and redistribution are loaded with controversy. For this reason, many permaculture authors and teachers have simplified/modified the third ethical principle to "fair share" or "care for the future."
II. Principles – Bill Mollison
In Permaculture: A Designers' Manual, Mollison (1988) condensed the core principles of permaculture design into the following five statements [in bold, with elaboration from the author]:
Work with nature rather than against. This statement may seem obvious, but we humans tend to try and "have it our way" when it comes to the agriculture systems we develop. This often creates unnecessary failure, exorbitant use of natural resources, and potentially wide-spread ecological damage. Large-scale monocropping is a classic example of working against nature.
The problem is the solution. If we are willing to look at a problem from a variety of angles, we will discover that the "problem" is actually a resource for another part of the ecosystem. A good example of this is Mollison's well-known statement, "You don't have a snail problem, you have a duck deficiency!"
Make the least change for the greatest possible effect. Thoughtful interventions aimed at leverage points in an ecosystem yield the greatest returns for the time and resources invested. An example of this principle is S.A.L.T. (Sloping Agricultural Land Technology) for hillside farming. By planting trees along a contour (the leverage point), erosion is reduced, terraces are formed, and soil fertility is maintained—and possibly even enhanced.
The yield of a system is theoretically unlimited. This principle might also be expressed by saying that it is only our knowledge and imagination that limit the sustainably productive potential of an ecosystem. A permaculture designer works to create layers of symbiotic relationships in an ecosystem. This concept is well-displayed in agroforestry systems, in which multiple stories of species work together to protect and serve each other, increasing both the total potential yield and (often) the individual yield of each component. Function stacking, another concept that illustrates this principle, refers to choosing plants and animals in a design that perform more than one function and yield more than one product. A flock of chickens is a good example of this idea; chickens provide food, feathers, manure, tillage, weed control, insect control, etc.
Everything gardens (or modifies its environment). Every part of an ecosystem directly influences certain other parts of the system and has an overall influence on the system as a whole. In complex systems, changes bring unintended consequences. Careful observation over a long period of time reduces unintended negatives.
III. Principles – David Holmgren
In his book Permaculture: Principles and Pathways Beyond Sustainability (2002), Holmgren expands the number of permaculture principles to twelve [in bold, with elaboration from the author]. His approach provides a more nuanced and systematic way to begin making stewardship decisions in complex and ever-changing ecosystems.
Observe and Interact. Spend a long time observing an ecosystem before starting to build or garden in it. Doing so will enable us to build or garden as efficiently and sustainably as possible.
Catch and Store Energy. Energy of all types flows into and out of all ecosystems. Make the most of these resources, and minimize/eliminate any losses. Energy resources include: sunlight; water; seeds; inherent heat (such as in stones and water); wind; and organic matter (in soil and compost).
Obtain a Yield. When growing plants for food, fuel, textiles and/or beauty, we want to obtain a yield. Good stewardship is about abundance and blessings we can share.
Apply Self-Regulation and Respond to Open Feedback Loops. Negative feedback can point to unsustainable methods, and probably means we need to do things a little differently. Excess positive feedback may hurt other systems. Our goal is balance. For people accustomed to viewing agriculture projects and/or development work as a series of problems to be solved, reading the negative feedback signals can seem fairly straightforward. Evaluation of excessive positive feedback can be harder to observe and discern. For example, for decades, mega-scale monocropping symbolized best-practice modern agricultural productivity. The negative environmental and human impacts of these systems were easy to miss, and remain easy to rationalize in the light of their enormous capacity to provide the raw materials for cheap calories and corporate profits. It is difficult in the dominant system to say "no thanks" to short term gains (excess positive feedback), even when we recognize that there will be a cost to both people and the planet.
Use and Value Renewable Resources and Services. Conserve non-renewable resources, and always seek to restore resources. Expand our thinking about what could be a resource.
Produce No Waste. Ideally, everything that is needed is made on site, and all byproducts become inputs for another part of the design.
Design from Patterns to Details. Sort out the big picture first; everything else falls in place after that. Big picture items include factors like climate, terrain and sun aspect. Taking these items into consideration at the very beginning is critical to all of the other decisions that follow, and they ultimately determine the pattern of the design. A permaculture designer uses strategies like sectors and zones (see descriptions below) to help determine the overall pattern. He/she then moves toward specific techniques and plants.
Integrate Rather Than Segregate. Every element in a system has strengths and weaknesses. In permaculture, we can use this to our advantage by pairing elements with complementary needs, so they help each other grow steadily. For example, in a keyhole garden, the composting system is directly integrated into the garden bed. Placing this keyhole garden close to the kitchen further integrates the system by locating the production area of fresh greens and the receptacle for trimmings and waste near the place where they are used, thus reducing labor.
Use Small and Slow Solutions. Small and slow changes build resilience and diversity, making our system adaptable and reducing the effect of negative unintended consequences.
Use and Value Diversity. Diversity forms the foundation of resilience.
Use Edges and Value the Marginal. The borders or edges between different ecological zones and micro-climates are places of great diversity and potential. Species that can thrive on both sides of the edge have an advantage in these zones and can increase the productivity of the entire system.
Creatively Use and Respond to Change. Things will always change; that's guaranteed. Respond to change by innovating continuously, and don't give up.
IV. Design Strategies
Connecting the ethics and principles of permaculture to a specific site requires a framework of design. Designers use a wide variety of methods to organize their thoughts and articulate their ideas. Some common tools are as follows:
Yeoman's Keyline scale of permanence (Fig. 2) takes into consideration both the time and energy needed to make a change to a specific site or ecosystem. At the top of the scale, at the far end of both the time and effort axes, is "climate"; this aspect would require the most time and energy to change. At the bottom of the scale is "soil."
Sectors (Fig. 3) are used to identify the various factors that interact with a site. Sectors would include phenomena like the path of the sun as it crosses the site; direction of seasonal or predominant winds; human and animal traffic patterns; noise; and visual impacts.
Zones identify the human interaction required to maintain specific areas of a site. Typically there are 6 zones, numbered 0 – 5. Zone 0 identifies the home or business structure where people live or work. Zone 1 is the high human traffic area of the site; in a residential setting, zone 1 would be the walkway between the driveway and the front door. It would also include the patio or a nearby kitchen/herb garden. Zone 2 would likely include things like annual vegetable beds and chickens, zone 3 would include fruit trees and pasture, zone 4 would have fuel wood, and zone 5 would be left wild to allow for continued observing and learning from nature.
Figure 2: Yeoman's Keyline Scale of Permanence considers the time and energy needed to make a change to a site or ecosystem. Adapted from Owen Hablutzel's Scale of Permanence graphic.
Figure 3: Sector Analysis helps identify the different elements that interact with a site.
V. Practices/Techniques
Multi-species integration (plant guilds).Permaculture designers seek to bring multiple stories (canopy levels) of plants together in "plant guilds" to increase and diversify the yield in the system and to add resilience. Agroforestry and forest gardening are exemplary types of plant guilds. An example of a tropical plant guild would be an overstory tree such as a mango combined with shade-loving Barbados cherries, and below them, comfrey and garlic chives.
Agroforestry (multi-story, perennial-based food, fuel and fiber systems).The above example of plant guilding is also a good example of part of an agroforestry system. Agroforestry systems are designed to maximize the usable yields for humans from a multi-storied forest, while maintaining the diversity and increasing the fertility of the forest itself.
Slowing and retaining water. Water is a cornerstone resource in any agriculture system. Good permaculture design keeps ideal levels of moisture in the system with minimal energy inputs. This means channeling away excess water, retaining water in dry seasons, and helping water penetrate the surface to get to the root zone of plants.
Composting. Composting ensures that fertility and nutrients stay inside and are recycled through an ecosystem. From simple compost piles to vermiculture systems to composting latrines, all sources of fertility are valuable and should be stewarded to our best ability.
Natural building. Where possible, use locally available and renewable materials to satisfy the need for shelter. This will help encourage local economies and preserve non-renewable resources. Secure and comfortable homes don't have to look like the suburbs of the West, and imported designs and materials often lead to less comfort and safety. A good example of this is a metal roof replacing palm thatch. The metal roof is often less resistant to hurricane winds; it also transmits heat from the tropical sun, making the house unbearably hot during the day.
Common Criticisms of Permaculture
One common (and sometimes accurate) criticism of permaculture is that proponents make claims about yield potentials or resilience factors with little reliable data to back them up. Because promotion and documentation of permaculture practices is largely decentralized, no official governing body exists to validate the claims of permaculture practitioners and of those who tell permaculture's stories. Lately, there has been robust discussion within the permaculture community about being more careful about what is claimed as fact, and about seeking partnership with people and institutions that can help verify good practice with good science and increase the community's capacity to carry out experimentation that produces usable data and/or leads to more extensive research.
A second, more superficial, criticism of permaculture centers around the lifestyles of people who identity with it. Those caught up in a modern westernized paradigm might be tempted to criticize and marginalize those who have a different outlook, rather than try to understand their point of view—especially if that different outlook challenges some of the practices that make one's life comfortable.
Permaculture in Development
Many permaculturalists subscribe to a post-industrial vision of the future. They see permaculture as a tool to prepare for a less mechanized, less economically globalized and de-urbanized world. As a result, they view the development process differently than typical traditional western development workers would. This view shapes permaculturalists' "better future" paradigm, which impacts their choices regarding prioritization of labor and resources.
As an extreme example, a traditional western development agency working with smallholders in a rural setting might work to create supply and distribution chains that allow the smallholders access to the global market. It might bring non-local and non-renewable resources into the area to increase yields of a single crop or small variety of annual crops. It might envision consolidating smallholder farms into one larger operation to increase efficiency, thereby creating a smaller, more efficient labor force with the hope that those displaced would find better incomes off of the farm. All these efforts would be carried out under the guiding vision that the modernized industrial world is our best vision of the future; that increasing the economic base by creating more consumers has no resource barriers that technology can't overcome; and that hard physical work and traditional rural living are things from which people ought to be freed.
By contrast, a permaculture designer working in the same situation would seek to strengthen the independence of the rural community and protect it from outside influences. He/she would seek to first create an ecosystem and social system that meets basic human needs, and that then trades out of its abundance, with maximum biodiversity. Rather than creating consumers, good permaculture seeks to create more resilient and successful producers who stay on the land, with the knowledge that their lives are valuable and that their work is among the most intricate and dignified.
My Personal Permaculture Story
My own embrace of permaculture, as both a design tool and a paradigm through which to view good human development, started about 11 years ago. As I embarked on a new career as a "community development/agriculture missionary," and uprooted my family to a new culture and environment, I began to ask myself a very basic question: "What is development for?"
I was unsatisfied with initial answers that were based on experience. I could see the truly unsustainable nature of so much that was being called sustainable. I could see that the enhanced quality of life promised by the modern world often led to greater depths of misery and despair. I could see that when I said the word "development," I projected a vision of middle class Americana; and I could see that that very lifestyle was crushing the world's ecosystems and was by its very nature unsustainable.
I began to look for a different answer. My reading and research led me to the concept of permaculture. Permaculture provided a new way of thinking about how man could live a productive, abundant life, while nurturing and stewarding creation. I saw that, rather than just laying out a utopian vision, the Permaculture Design Manual and other permaculture literature gave step-by-step instructions for evaluating the natural systems around me and systematically bringing resilience and abundance into those systems. Permaculture design gave me an organized way to look at the big picture, and to plan and test small incremental changes.
Permaculture is good stewardship. For me, it is also a way to work for God's kingdom. I view permaculture's ethical pillars (listed earlier in this article) through different lenses, so that they become the following: 1) actively love God's image bearers; 2) diligently steward God's creation; and 3) live contentedly and joyfully share God's provision.
After practicing permaculture principles on my own for a few years, I took a Permaculture Design Course to increase my proficiency and confidence in using the design processes. The class was challenging and extremely helpful. The exchange of perspective and experience was invaluable, as was having design concepts evaluated by fellow students and a professor. As mentioned earlier, permaculture classes are offered in a variety of formats. The resource section has some links to well-respected courses.
Permaculture is part of the growing community of eco-agriculture disciplines. It is rapidly gaining acceptance as a valuable design methodology in both non-government and government institutions across the globe. It is adaptable to every ecosystem and culture, and offers accessible problem-solving tools rather than silver-bullet solutions. It considers the ecosystem and social system as a whole, facilitating good stewardship, and providing a pathway to true sustainability, resilience and abundance.
Bane, Peter. The Permaculture Handbook: Garden Farming for Town and Country. BC, Canada: New Society, 2012.
Beyer, Hunter and Franklin Martin. Permacopia Book Three: Plants for Permaculture in Hawai'i, & other Tropical & Subtropical bioregions. Volcano, Hawai'i: Homescapes, 2000.
Falk, Ben. The Resilient Farm Homestead: An Innovative Permaculture and Whole Systems Design Approach. Chelsea Green Publishing, 2013.
Fukuoka, Masanobu. One-Straw Revolution: An Introduction to Natural Farming. NYRB Classics, 2009.
Holmgren, David. Permaculture: Principles and Pathways Beyond Sustainability. Hepburn, Vic: Holmgren Design Services, 2002.
Jacke, Dave and Eric Toensmeier. Edible Forest Gardens, Volume 1: Ecological Vision, Theory for Temperate Climate Permaculture. Vermont: Chelsea Green Publishing, 2005.
Jacke, Dave and Eric Toensmeier. Edible Forest Gardens, Volume 2: Ecological Design And Practice For Temperate-Climate Permaculture. Vermont: Chelsea Green Publishing, 2005.
Lancaster, Brad. Rainwater Harvesting for Drylands and Beyond, Vol 1: Guiding Principles to Welcome Rain into Your Life and Landscape, 2nd ed. Arizona: Rainsource Press, 2013.
Lancaster, Brad. Rainwater Harvesting for Drylands and Beyond, Vol 2: Water-Harvesting Earthworks. Arizona: Rainsource Press, 2013.
Martin, Franklin. Plants for Use in Permaculture in the Tropics, 2nd Edition. Florida: Yankee Permaculture, 2009.
Mollison, Bill. Permaculture: A Designers' Manual. Tyalgum, Australia: Tagari Publications, 1988.
Morrow, Rosemary. Earth User's Guide to Permaculture. Kangaroo Pr, 1994.
Savory, Allan. Holistic Management: A New Framework for Decision Making, 2nd ed. Island Press, 1998.
Toensmeier, Eric. Perennial Vegetables: From Artichoke to 'Zuiki' Taro, a Gardener's Guide to over 100 Delicious, Easy-to-Grow Edibles. Chelsea Green Publishing, 2007.
Yeomans, P. A. Water For Every Farm: Yeomans Keyline Plan, 4th ed. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2008.
Acres USA – www.acresusa.com
Permaculture Design Magazine – www.permaculturedesignmagazine.com
http://permies.com
http://holmgren.com.au/permaculture/
http://www.villageearth.org/
http://permaculturenews.org/
https://www.facebook.com/mpcnetwork.org
http://www.thepermaculturepodcast.com/
Resources quoted in this article:
Ferguson, Rafter Sass. "Wait... you're studying what again? (Part 2): What do you mean by permaculture?" Liberation Ecology, November 14, 2012, http://liberationecology.org/2012/11/14/wait-youre-studying-what-again-part-2/
Ferguson, Rafter Sass. "The convenience and poverty of simple definitions" Liberation Ecology, June 13, 2013, http://liberationecology.org/2013/06/13/the-convenience-and-poverty-of-simple-definitions/
Ferguson, Rafter Sass. "Continuing the Conversation – Permaculture as a Movement" Liberation Ecology, June 25, 2013, http://liberationecology.org/2013/06/25/continuing-the-conversation-permaculture-as-a-movement/
Hemenway, Toby. "What Permaculture Isn't—and Is," November 18, 2012, http://www.patternliteracy.com/668-what-permaculture-isnt-and-is
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A mechanism for tracked vehicles, makes them easier to steer and more effective to drive.
In this case we have two differentials, each driven with a separate motor. The basic principle is to have the differentials connected by two sets of gears (left and right), that offer different direction of rotation. I usually use two t16 gears with a chain on one side and four t8 gears or two t24 gears on the other. Different combinations are obviously possible.
Here both differentials transfer drive from a single drive motor. The steering motor makes them rotate in the same direction, which causes one tread to run faster, and the other one to go slower.
This version is very similar to the one above, except is uses two drive motors. Each of them drives one tread, which is very useful for particularly heavy vehicles. The steering motor, again, makes one tread run faster, and the other one run slower. If both motors are powered from the same output, one of them needs reversed poles, which can be obtained via a PF switch. Such switch can be actually used to make the vehicle turn in place if the steering motor lacks torque for that.
Sure, you can build subtractor with new differentials, my first book has examples with instructions. As for help, thank you, simply keep watching my YT videos, that will generate some money for me.
thanks for the great tutorial. To your knowledge, is there any way to build the subtractor with the new differentials (part no. 62821)?
On another note, I read that you've had to downsize the instructions to cut domain expenses. What can we users, who benefit of your talent and kindness, do to support you?
There's also a smaller version with the new differentials in my first book.
Sounds exactly like transverse subtractor.
I just thought of a new way of building a subtractor. First build a drivetrain as in a car; a motor driving a differential, that drives the tracks. Then add a second diff driven by the steering motor, parallel to the drive diff. Then connect the outputs of both diffs together so, that the direction of rotation is reversed on one side. In this way you'll use the diffs in a more conventional way, so they should be able to handle more torque.
No, I don't think you can increase it. A lot depends on the weight of the vehicle, I happened to break some gears at 3 kilograms.
how much torque can the longitudinal one handle? im using two pf xl on the drive and either a pf xl or pf m on the steering end. is there a way to increase the torque the differentials can handle?
No, it's not possible. And differentials are very cheap.
Is it possible to make a subtractor using only one differential? Because I only have 1 differential so I can't make a subtractor using the tutorials above.
If you're planning to use them with PF IR receivers, then yes, of course.
Okay, I plan on purchasing two 71427s and a micromotor, does that mean I'll also have to purchase PF Extension wires?
Doesn't matter. Subtractor works with any motors.
Are you using the old or new motors? I ask because bricklink has both and I'm not sure.
Speeds don't sum. Torque does.
It is 1 stud and they will work that way if you make sure the bricks between them stay together. Or, you can replace t24s with t20s and decrease spacing to two plates instead 1 stud.
sorry what is the correct spacing between the two 24tooth and the two 16thooth gears, i tried 1 stud, it worked but the gears didn't look fully meshed?
You could knock out this "awesome" thing if you don't want to be annoying.
uhm,not to be annoying but could you maybe make a vid with a better quality.
because i dont see very much.
Gear 24t between differentials means no gear reduction (I assume you drive the 24-teeth side of the differentials). You could try replacing that 24t gear with three 8t gears (two of them as idlers). That would generate some backlash, but you would have 3:1 gear reduction and your steering motor would require three times lower torque to work.
By a fortunate mistake, I now have only gear 24 between differentials and that is connected directly to steering motor. My creation works fine with both remote controllers.
But still I'm not happy about using steering motor when drive motors are off. My creation is going to be used by children, so it would be good to have some protection to the steering motor in those cases..
Any ideas? Somekind of power cut-off?
Yes, I understand these difficulties with the controller. It doesn't work like the analogue controllers common among RC models, it's much less intuitive. Perhaps the problem is that this controlled was designed with Lego Trains in mind, and it's not really suited for different tasks.
That solution has the problem I was taking about. I tested it and it jumped steps all the time.
I made it little more robust, but it didn't help. But I think it does work, if you use it with patience.
But bigger problem is the controllers unlimited dial steps. At least with a remote design like yours, combined speed dial controls.
But like I said, no problems like those when using subtractor! And with simpler controller, just two wheels. Left wheel (speed) tilted to the side.
You mean a solution like that one: http://sariel.pl/2009/04/8879-power-functions-speed-control-remote-modified/ ?
I think I got it to work now. Steering is fast, I could be even faster (maybe with gear 40 ;), because when my vehicle it's ready, I'm gonna use it with the new 8879 remote control and turn arch can be controlled with those dial's speed levels.
Without subtractor steering tracked vehicle is hard with 8879 because the dials unlimited rotation. It's easy to loose the syncronizing between those two dials. It does work better with slow "turns"/changes, but that's boring.
You need a greater gear reduction for the steering motor. Clutch is useless in subtractor, because you don't usually need a clutch to steer a tracked vehicle.
What happens on (working) subtractors when swithing steering motor on and drive motor(s) are off?
I'm testing dual longitudinal subtractor with PF XL motors to drive and medium to steer.
I seems when using steering motor and drive motors are off, the steering motor is on heavy strain. It does not have power to move anything (my prototype is very light weight).
That strain is not a good thing..
I have gear 24 between differentials and two 16 before steering motor, are that the reason for my problem?
I had to replace gear 8 with 24 because XL motors doesn't fit on the original drawing.
Maybe I just have to add a clutch after the steering motor…?
But when drive motors are on, steering works like a dream.
I prefer double bevel gears in there. For instance the 12-teeth one and 20-teeth one. You may consider knob gears for extremely heavy duty.
was playing around with this the other day to use in a model. but was wondering what size gears you used to transfer power between the motor drive shaft and the secondary drive shaft in the single longitudinal version. i believe i tried the two sizes of gears shown in the pic but found that i could only get them to mesh with considerable backlash? am i using the wrong size gears?
I developed this gear some years ago (2006 or so). But in my experience the diff-gears are broken several times.


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