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Love, Pints & Red All Over: Bonus Shaun Of The Dead Comics
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Happy Halloween, my friends! The tricks are out in full force, the treats are given & consumed, the spirits of old are flying through the nighttime skies and the undead are terrorizing everyone within the realms of fiction. As such, I welcome you to the final installment of this certain review series known as…
Over the course of this series, we've delved into IDW Publishing's four-issue adaptation of Edgar Wright's beloved zom-com. Fortunately for us, it wasn't limited to a simple film-to-page translation like most movies got. As a special treat for you all, we're going to delve into a few comics that're interwoven throughout the main narrative and may even answer some lingering questions to those who're familiar with the film, but were left puzzled on how they were resolved.
We begin our excursion within the pages of this particular periodical. For those who aren't familiar with what this is, allow me to briefly explain. 2000 A.D. is a science-fiction magazine released in the United Kingdom, with its first issue being published back in 1977. It's published on a weekly-basis and has introduced several mainstay concepts such as Rogue Trooper, Strontium Dog, ABC Warriors and many others. Most notably though, it's responsible for including its most well-known character in John Wagner's Judge Dredd. Because he's had a strong presence upon the British and American comic scene, there's a good chance that I'll do something with him down the line. For now though, let's highlight one particular issue (or "Prog" as it's called over in Union Jack land). Issue #1,384 was released on April 7, 2004, two days before the movie made its U.K. release. As the last story told within this periodical, it actually delves into a minor character from the movie.
Do you remember the opening credits and seeing this particular woman? For anyone who may be pondering as to how she goes from a mundane worker to one of the ghastly ghouls that wound up in Shaun & Ed's backyard, we're here to find out as Simon Pegg and Edgar Wright actually wrote this tale, while Frazer Irving handles the artwork and Annie Parkhouse takes care of letting. As such, let's delve into this tale and find out how "There's Something About Mary".
We open at the Landis Supermarket where a cashier named Mary is at work. It turns out that Shaun is also there as she points out the red stain on his shirt before he mentions that it's his leaking pen before heading out. However, her next customer is a creepy-looking pudgy man who's interested in getting a kiss from her. She eventually takes her leave from the market once her shift ended, but the devious guy was waiting and proceeds to follow her as they ride the bus. Afterwards, she notices his slow pursuit before accidentally bumping into Shaun again shortly after he acquired the bouquet for his mother. She tries calling out to him, but he doesn't hear her as he takes his leave. From there, she arrives at the Winchester Tavern and asks a fellow patron if she can join him due to her being presently stalked. The guy accepts as she sits down and tells him that she won't stay long. However, she proceeds to hang out there for a while and long enough for Shaun to arrive & drink his heartbroken sorrows away with Ed. Back with Mary, she tells the patron that she didn't have many job opportunities following her time in college. Shortly afterwards, the guy says that he's getting very sick and is in need of seeing a doctor. She proceeds to help him out of the pub before he collapses over as Mary begins to yell out for anyone to assist her. Unbeknownst to her however, it turns out that the guy has become a zombie as he gets up and bites her shoulder before she runs away. Sometime later, the creepy stalker finds her lying in a bloodied mess as he once again asks for a kiss. Suddenly, it's revealed that she became a zombie as she bites his face. From there, she notices Shaun and Ed drunkenly walking back to their home. As such, the story ends with our familiar duo arriving back at their place with the zombified Mary having followed them.
Even though this final batch of things related to the film aren't necessarily comics per se, I feel like giving you a wholesome batch of treats to chow down on for Halloween and beyond. On both the DVD & the Blu-Ray, there's a particular Bonus Feature called "Plot Holes" where certain moments (mainly from the third act) have their unresolved narrative questions answered through storyboards done by Oscar Wright. For fun's sake, I've decided to share them with you!
In "What Happened To Shaun When He Ran Off?", Simon Pegg narrates (while staying in character) that he managed to distract the massive zombie hoard so that his group could get inside the Winchester Tavern. Because the ghouls lumbered at a slow pace, he had to stop every 50 meters (slightly above 164 feet) just so he could keep their attention. Eventually, he manages to evade them by hiding in a dumpster (or a Skip as the British call it) and wait a bit for them to lumber on by. From there, he hopped out and ran back to rejoin his group, unaware that one lone zombie in said pack noticed him. As I mentioned during my review of the main series, the fourth issue was wise to include this detail since it explains why Shaun is confronted by the overwhelming undead over by the back door as he's restoring power to the pub. This sequence was probably cut from the movie for pacing reasons and to leave the audience in a bit of suspense, but it's still nice that IDW kept this moment in their adaptation.
In "What Happened To Dianne When She Left The Winchester?", the eventual Etta Candy of 2017 herself Lucy Davis (also staying in character) explains that she was fighting through the zombie hoard in a desperate attempt to rescue the mutilated David armed only with his leg. As it dawned on her that no amount of First Aid skills would be any good at this point and the fact that she had drifted too far from the Winchester Tavern in order to make a proper retreat, she managed to climb up a nearby tree before passing out from the exhaustion of the situation. When she eventually woke up, she saw the nearby pub burnt and that the area was entirely vacant. Because she was being cautious, she stayed in the tree for several days with only David's severed leg as her lone food source. Afterwards, she finally climbs down and learns that the area is under Quarantine, not to mention that the zombie menace had ended. As such, she went off and moved in to her aunt's place in Birmingham where she keeps in contact with Shaun and Liz.
Finally, we have "How Did Ed Get From The Cellar To The Shed?" as narrated by Nick Frost (also in character, despite what happened to him by the end). In his tale, he decided to go down fighting as he managed to take out of a pair of zombies with his two remaining shots. Thankfully, his second kill provided enough of a barricade for him to hide underneath the stairs. Not too long afterwards, the specialized unit arrives to take out the remaining zombies. They didn't find Ed down below as he was unable to call out for help due to him having lost a lot of blood. Later on, he finally loses his life and became a zombie. At least one week later, Shaun returned to pay his respects and surprisingly found his newly-ghoulish friend. During the night, he lured the zombified Ed back to his house and puts him in the shed. Over the next six months, Ed has been locked up there and got placed through "a rigorous training program". To end on a happy note, he no longer has the urge to eat Shaun.
As for my thoughts on these particular bonus items, they each provide a neat contribution towards the main film. "There's Something About Mary" gives a simple side-story to a character who only became prominent in one scene. While her backstory is only given a simple stroke, it became interesting to also get some insight on the ghoul that joined her in their initial attack upon Shaun & Ed. While the obese pervert does get his comeuppance in both this tale and in the movie, it does make Mary a somewhat tragic woman. She was a simple worker who wasn't able to do much past college just like Shaun, but never got a chance to make something out of her life. It's possible that she can serve as a counterpoint to Yvonne on the scale of where Shaun could possibly end up character-wise since Yvonne is presented as someone who has her life sorted out and is firmly in control of it. If Shaun never made the necessary changes, then it's possible that he could have wound up as directionless as Mary, whether or not zombies ever came into play and caught him while he was off-guard. Either way, Mary receiving some extra treatment within the pages of Great Britain's famed sci-fi magazine was unexpected and mainly unnecessary in the grand scheme of the movie, but Pegg & Wright deliver this simple premise with energetic fervor as the mostly black-and-white artwork helps certain details stand out. Not only that, but it's mainly detailed and presentable throughout its five-page run. While it was originally presented in the featured issue of 2000 A.D. and you can attempt to hunt down a copy, a cheaper alternative does exists within the Bonus Features section of the DVD and the Blu-Ray as its presented in its entirety. Moving on to the Plot Holes section, they're quick and humorous little bits. With each one of them running under 90 seconds, each character's respective actor efficiently explains what happened to them within their precise moment in the main story. Shaun's tale shows him in a way where he's using some resourceful thinking in order to outwit the lumbering zombies. The lone ghoul that notices him as he heads back to the Winchester Tavern is a sign that our main man isn't a completely changed man yet, since his self-obliviousness (which was on full display during his walk to the mini-mart in the beginnings of the zombie outbreak) ultimately comes back to bite him since it also explains how the massive group of the undead have slowly made their way back. Because the movie is only 1 hour, 39 minutes long, I wouldn't mind if an extra minute was added in order for this detail to have been included. While Dianne's tale is humorous and miraculous, it's a detail that doesn't really change much. After all, those who're unfamiliar with anything outside of this film would just assume that she eventually got consumed by the zombies. After all, she's never seen again shortly after David gets ripped apart. However, Lucy Davis' line delivery throughout this moment still makes it worth watching as she keeps up the humorous and fast-talking performance that she effectively displayed from the movie. Finally, Ed's tale is just as effective as our first P.H. description. It gives him a bit more awesomeness to add onto what he's already done throughout the main narrative before he finally gives into his ghoulish end. With the addition of Shaun in this tale, it's clear that Ed is still important to him. However, he's mainly used for sessions of TimeSplitters as Shaun has to limit this level of recreation now that he's finally in a solidified relationship with Liz. Despite that, Nick Frost's delivery of this tale assures us that he's the same guy filled with slacker-sized fun despite his undead get-up. It's a side that Shaun can still enjoy, but in proper moderation. As such, Ed's presence within the shed allows him to have his cake and eat it too. Anyway, that'll do it for my look at the printed material connected to Edgar Wright's international breakthrough film. As you lumber through the autumn-filled skies in order to delve into a variety of tricks and treats, always make sure that you're prepared for whatever the festivities have in store. No matter what, may your enjoyment levels soar high, take flight amongst the many spirits and let all of your candies be ultimately consumed like the best slice of fried gold!
Shaun Of The Dead (created by Edgar Wright & Simon Pegg) is owned by Universal Pictures.
Tags Shaun Of The Dead
← Love, Pints & Red All Over: Shaun Of The Dead #4 → D.C.U.A.O.M. Bonus: Constantine: City Of Demons


Most businesses, at some time or another, need a few more hands on deck. And not just any hands, but people who are skilled, trained and certified for the job you need them to do. Hiring these people in the traditional way can be a time- consuming and drawn-out process involving job advertisements, interviews, referencing, onboarding and endless paperwork. This is unhelpful if your business has mission-critical deadlines to fulfill. For some companies, and IT companies, in particular, staff augmentation could be the secret weapon when you need rapid access to skills or headcount.
Staff augmentation is a way for businesses to scale up or down quickly using temporary workers instead of permanent employees.
There are plenty of technical definitions of staff augmentation out there, and they all go something like this: the "allocation of dedicated technical resources, usually offshore, hired as overseas development extensions of in-house application development teams on fixed or flexible terms and conditions." Since that's probably enough jargon to crush your soul, a more accessible definition is simply – hiring a contractor instead of a permanent employee for skills and knowledge assistance.
Staff augmentation is as straightforward as using temporary workers or contractors to fill short-term positions within your company, usually through an agency that keeps a database of such workers. For example, suppose you have a special project that requires another three hands on deck, but the project will only last for six months. You could take on permanent employees but there will be no work for them to do when the project is over, and firing them could get messy. An obvious solution is to bring in trained and qualified workers who can hit the ground running and blend into your team. The idea is to boost or "augment" your current workforce so seamlessly that your permanent workforce will not even realize their colleague is a contractor.
What's a Staff Augmentation Firm?
Staff augmentation firms, like temping agencies, offer a middleman service. They keep a cadre of talent on their books which businesses can tap into whenever they need additional human resources. These resources are employed directly by the vendor, so the staff augmentation firm does all the behind-the-scenes work of recruiting, background screening, hiring and payroll. All a business has to do is define a need, and the staff augmentation firm will deliver a group of (hopefully) quality candidates. If your selected contractor doesn't work out, you get a quick replacement.
What Are the Pros & Cons of Contract Labor?
Another feature is the depth of service. Because the agency maintains a large and various workforce with different credentials and skill sets, you can quickly staff an entire project to respond to business objectives. The staff augmentation agency can help you evaluate your existing staff and determine which additional skills are required, which makes the process turnkey for the client organization.
Your permanent staff is already working overtime, but a new project has landed. You need extra bodies to ensure that customer service does not falter.
A new project requires specialized skills that your current employees do not possess. You need a consultant contractor to handle project implementation and train up your staff.
The company has been unable to recruit the right talent, perhaps hiring some people that did not work out.
You're thinking about increasing your team permanently but are not sure if you have enough need. Staff augmentation can help you test a larger staff before making direct hires.
Whatever your staffing needs, augmented staffing works best when you have a management system set up to provide project oversight. That way, you can fill crucial positions with a variety of contractors and freelancers in the knowledge they will slot right into your existing operating structure, just like regular employees.
Control over staff: Contractors slot into your existing structures like regular employees so you can closely manage your resources.
Integration: Organizations often find it more effective to integrate contract resources with existing business processes than to try to manage off-site or outsourced teams.
Reduce employee burdens: Staff augmentation reduces the burden on your permanent workforce, which may reduce the rate of stress and absenteeism.
Meet aggressive project timelines: Staff augmentation may be the only option for getting the work completed when you have no lead time for a project, and you need someone "yesterday."
Scalability: With staff augmentation, you can scale up and down without taking on payroll liabilities, as well as adjust your team size based on revenue upturns or client need.
Employee acceptance: Internal employees often feel less threatened by a staff augmentation model more than a project outsourcing model. It means there's little risk of their entire job description being outsourced.
Reduce the labor overhead: Staff augmentation is a pay-as-you-need model where you pay the rate multiplied by the number of hours worked with no ongoing commitment. This may help your business to reduce the overhead associated with hiring full-time labor such as benefits and taxes.
More supervision: Supplementing your human resources through staff augmentation means you'll need to dedicate more supervisory staff and management time to managing the growing number of bodies in the workplace.
Time-focused: There tends to be less focus on results, as the commitment from the staff augmentation firm is expressed purely in terms of hours of work. While using a quality contractor should deliver the results you need, ultimately, the responsibility for managing the project stays within the organization. You're purchasing a human resource whose only responsibility is to turn up and perform a specific number of labor hours. He's not being paid according to the results he delivers, as some outsourcing companies are.
Replaceable staff: Staff augmentation is based on the concept of a "faceless, replaceable skill" – if you don't like one contractor, you quickly replace him with another. This may be acceptable for churn-type tasks and coding that happen in the background, but it's not so good for job roles that are either client-facing or require trust-building as part of a close-knit team.
Poor cultural fit: Augmented staff may not be aware of or fit in with the existing culture and protocols of the organization – there's always a learning curve, no matter how qualified the contractor.
Higher costs: Used long term, staff augmentation has a potentially higher cost than other outsourcing models.
You can assume with certainty that staff augmentation will represent a higher overall labor cost if you rely on it as a permanent operating model. The staff augmentation firm will add an overhead and margin to the direct cost of labor, and the contractors themselves may cost more than you would pay for permanent staff performing the same job function. In the short-term, the reduction of hiring/de-hiring costs might offset the increased labor cost. When used as a long-term solution, however, that offset is probably going to be lost.
Staff augmentation can be either onshore or offshore or both. Many staff augmentation firms specialize in either onshore augmentation, where the contractor works exclusively for you from your offices or the agency's U.S.-based offices, or offshore, where the contractor works exclusively for you from the agency's offices located overseas. Offshore augmentation services tend to be more cost-effective. The drawback is you're getting a virtual team, possibly located in a different time zone. While you still have direct access to your offshore resources and can directly assign work to them, team integration may be more challenging when the resource is based overseas.
Staff augmentation is not the same as outsourcing – outsourcing is a completely different delivery model. With outsourcing, you'd pass the responsibility for executing an entire project to another firm. This firm would perform the work using its resources, skills and people. The model is results-centric, meaning the responsibility for achieving results lies with the outsourcer. As such, the commitment is usually expressed as "service levels," which describes precisely what results the outsource company is responsible for. The price is tied to service levels where appropriate, so the cost is transparent from the get-go. For these reasons, outsourcing tends to be a good option if your main driver is to minimize costs and project risk.
The main risk of outsourcing is that you lose management control of the project. Everything from high-level strategy down to individual resources sits with the outsourcer, so you're essentially handing control of an entire business function to a third-party. As such, your reputation may rest on your ability to find a quality supplier.
Data security, which may be at risk when you transfer confidential information out of the business.
Lack of flexibility if your outsourcing contract proves too intractable to accommodate changes to the project or the business function.
Instability, if the outsourcing company changes hands, hits staffing difficulties or goes out of business.
As you can see, many of the disadvantages of outsourcing are the advantages of augmented staffing, and vice versa.
Managed services take responsibility for your tasks or project for a set project or monthly fee.
The managed-services provider works remotely on a "set and forget" basis, so you don't have to manage the implementation.
The burden of maintaining IT is transferred from you to the managed service provider.
Your business benefits from predictable pricing and the ability to focus on core business concerns rather than IT management chores.
CGI Group: Why Managed Services and Why Not Staff Augmentation?


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Q: Java - Applet - Reading the file hosted in the same directory as applet class My applet has this code snippet (basically reading from the file in the same directory).
Scanner input = new Scanner(getClass().getResourceAsStream(a_file_name));

I am playing with Applets to see how to read file that is hosted on the server (or kept in the same directory as *.class file locally).

*

*I chose the java class in Eclipse and selected "Run As Applet". I am able to read the file  (which is kept in the workspace/bin directory). So, it worked fine.

*I hosted the (*.class file; *.txt file and the *.html) file on a remoter server. Gave complete permission to the URL by adding it to the safe list in "Configure Java". I am able to read the file. So, it worked fine.

*Then I launched the *.html file locally on my machine (Again, I gave the complete permission to the URL by adding it to the safe list in "Configure Java").And *.html, *.txt file and *.class file are in eclipse workspace project bin directory. However, it is not working. The code below is throwing an exception.
Scanner input = new Scanner(getClass().getResourceAsStream(a_file_name));
Case [1]: There is no such thing as safe URL because I am launching from Eclipse (Run as Applet)
Case [2]: The safe URL starts with http://
Case [3]: The safe URL starts with file:///D:/apps/eclipse/workspace/AppletSnippet/bin/index.html
Can you throw some light on why it is not working in Case [3]?
By the way, here is the exception I am getting in case of [3]
java.lang.NullPointerException
    at java.io.Reader.<init>(Unknown Source)
    at java.io.InputStreamReader.<init>(Unknown Source)
    at java.util.Scanner.<init>(Unknown Source)
    at AppletSnippet.readFromTextFile(AppletSnippet.java:46)
    at AppletSnippet.init(AppletSnippet.java:100)
    at com.sun.deploy.uitoolkit.impl.awt.AWTAppletAdapter.init(Unknown Source)
    at sun.plugin2.applet.Plugin2Manager$AppletExecutionRunnable.run(Unknown Source)
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Unknown Source)

A: OK. The problem is solved.
I just have one single *.class and a text file it is reading *.txt.
Case 1 (Running from Eclipse as an Applet) and Case 2 (Running from Remote Server) -- these options do NOT have any issue with it.
However, in Case 3, if I were running it locally by opening the HTML file,  getClass().getResourceAsStream(a_file_name) is returning NULL.
So, I created a *.jar file with that *.class and *.txt file; And specified the ARCHIVE attribute in my HTML.
Then Case 3 is also working.
Thanks

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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African-American Lawyers Association Seeks Revocation of Darren Wilson's Police Officer License
Paul Hampel, St. Louis Post-Dispatch, December 8, 2014
The National Bar Association, led by an attorney for Michael Brown's family, says it has filed a "lawsuit" with the Missouri Department of Public Safety, demanding the revocation of Darren Wilson's police officer license.
The department acknowledged receiving a document but said it is being treated as a complaint because the agency is not a venue for a suit. Spokesman Mike O'Connell said he could not reveal specifics.
{snip} Wilson resigned from the force Nov. 29, five days after a St. Louis County grand jury decided not to indict him in Brown's death.
Neil Bruntrager, a lawyer for Wilson, said being a police officer "is off the table forever" but that, "Keeping his license in good standing is a matter of pride." Bruntrager added, "He didn't resign under any criminal charges and he didn't do anything wrong."
The association, which says it represents African-American lawyers and judges, is headed by Benjamin Crump, who represents Brown's family. Its press release alleges that Wilson "committed a criminal act."
The release also says Wilson's comment in a TV interview that Brown had "looked like a demon" led the association to "challenge his suitability to ever wear a badge and carry a gun ever again."
Topics: Blacks in Charge, St. Louis and Ferguson
< Dear White People: Well-Meaning Paternalism Is Still Racist
College President Sorry for Saying 'All Lives Matter' >

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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How DSW stepped up its loyalty program
Sheryll Poe
DSW is all about the thrill of finding the perfect shoe at the perfect price. It's why customers keep coming back, and that customer relationship has been nurtured by a loyalty program that started 30 years ago and has grown to more than 26 million members.
But while the DSW loyalty program has been successful by any measure (29 percent of its loyalty members have been in the program for 10 years or more and loyalty members represent 90 percent of the retailer's sales), it was time to evolve. "We had a proven but tired loyalty program in the midst of a changing retail landscape and evolving customer needs, preferences and expectations," Julie Roy, DSW's vice president of CRM, digital, and customer insights and analytics, told the audience at the NRF NXT conference in Las Vegas, July 22-24.
Roy, along with Brian Seewald, senior vice president of customer experience and operations at DSW, shared how and why the company redesigned its loyalty program to become highly personalized and tiered.
Julie Roy, DSW's vice president of CRM, digital, and customer insights and analytics, speaks at NRF NXT.
Building emotional loyalty
With the retailer's brand mission in mind — "we inspire self-expression" — the DSW team began to solve for how to offer customers "an experience as unique as they are," Roy said. "We really thought of it as [a] need to build deep, habit-forming, emotional connections between our customers and the brand."
DSW rolled out the new loyalty program in May 2018, featuring faster rewards, free shipping and returns, a three-tiered reward structure and greater digital integration. Since then, the company has seen a 6 percent increase in year-over-year sales — the highest in seven years — and an additional 1.6 million app downloads.
Roy and Seewald credited the success to four elements:
Stay focused on the customer
"Whether that means keeping the experience simple and easy or whether that means harnessing the power of your customer data, the customer led us on this journey and is largely responsible for our success," Seewald said.
Set a vision and align the organization
Roy said the vision for the new loyalty program was inspired by human-centered design, i.e. thinking about DSW's customers and what barriers might keep them from "making shoes a habit."
Having a vision, a strategy and a roadmap in place was critical for organizational alignment and support. "We needed all 15,000 associates to buy into this vision and where we were headed," Roy said.
"Our marketing team did an incredible job setting the vision for what this journey would look like, but we couldn't have done it without every level of the organization getting 100 percent behind it," Seewald said. "We're fortunate we have a CEO and leadership team that gets how important loyalty is for us driving our business and being there for our customer."
"We wanted to keep the digital experience simple but also keep the loyalty experience simple," Seewald said, "tiers that were understandable, benefits that people could get their arms around — really making sure it was easy for the customer to get involved with the program."
Continuously evolve
"This is a loyalty vision that's a new way of doing business," Roy said. "We're going to constantly reinvest and continuously evolve and lean into loyalty." In the future, DSW's loyalty program will focus on personalization, creating a sense of community among the members by facilitating connections and converting members into brand advocates, and continuing to improve digital utility to bridge the online and in-store shopping experience.
"It is our commitment to the organization that this loyalty program will keep pace with expanding customer expectations," Seewald concluded.
See Roy and Seewald's presentation slides here, and read more about how DSW is redesigning with the future in mind in STORES magazine.
NRF NXT, Loyalty programs, Customer Experience, Customer Engagement
NRF NXT
5 key takeaways from NRF NXT ALL ACCESS
Ideas and insights to consider for success in 2020 for ecommerce and retailers.
How Inspire Brands breeds customer affinity
'Ghost kitchens' gain traction amid pandemic takeout and delivery surge


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Il Sileno ebbro è un dipinto olio su tela (185×229 cm) di Jusepe de Ribera, realizzato nel 1626 e conservato all'interno del Museo nazionale di Capodimonte, a Napoli.

Si tratta di uno dei capolavori assoluti del pittore spagnolo, nonché della pittura napoletana del Seicento.

Storia
Realizzato nel 1626 a Napoli, le prime notizie inerenti alla proprietà della tela riguardano il nobile Giovanni Francesco Salernitano, barone di Frosolone, personalità di rango non particolarmente rilevante nella società aristocratica napoletana, che presumibilmente è anche il committente dell'opera. Alla morte di questi, l'antiquario locale ed ex collaboratore di Battistello Caracciolo, Giacomo di Castro, si occupò di stilare il suo testamento, dove per l'appunto figurava uno «Bacco dello Spagnouolo», valutato 150 ducati. Cinque anni dopo, nel 1653, il noto mercante fiammingo Gaspare Roomer acquista l'opera per 550 ducati, andando così ad arricchire la propria collezione d'arte sita nella sua residenza di Napoli, villa Roomer. Giovanni Salernitano morì nel 1655, quindi due anni dopo il passaggio di proprietà: da questo si deduce che il di Castro o acquistò in precedenza altre opere del Salernitano, per sé stesso, o fu incaricato come agente dallo stesso Giovvani Francesco per interessarsi alle loro vendite.

Dopo un primo passaggio dalla raccolta Roomer alla collezione Vandeneynden, di proprietà del connazionale ed amico di famiglia Ferdinando, poco prima del 1674, la tela figura nell'inventario post-mortem di Ferdinando, datato 1688, redatto da Luca Giordano per la stessa famiglia fiamminga, dov'era valutata 1.000 ducati. L'opera fu così data in eredità alla figlia Giovanna Vandeneynden, spostata con Giuliano Colonna, principe di Stigliano, rimanendo quindi nel palazzo di famiglia di via Toledo (palazzo Zevallos), dove rimarrà almeno fino al 1783.

Alla fine del XVIII secolo il Sileno ebbro viene annoverato nella collezione dei possedimenti napoletani dei Borbone e conseguentemente esposta all'interno della galleria di Capodimonte. Nel 1802, dopo la disfatta dei moti repubblicani la tela fu portata a Palermo per motivi cautelativi, dove rimase fino al 1806, quando tornò definitivamente nella città partenopea.

Descrizione

L'opera, il cui sfondo è un paesaggio classicheggiante, è stata realizzata con una pennellata grossa per raffigurare i personaggi, mentre una più sottile, in nero, per delimitarne i contorni, offrendo una maggiore tridimensionalità.

La figura centrale è quella di Sileno, grasso, in un primo momento ritenuto essere Bacco, raffigurato steso su un drappo e nell'atto di offrire una coppa di vino ad un personaggio posto alle sue spalle, recante un sacco sulle spalle, durante dei festeggiamenti proprio in onore di Bacco; sul lato destro è Pan con orecchie, corna e zampe di capra, incorona Sileno con un alcuni tralci di vite: intorno a Pan, sono inoltre disegnati alcuni oggetti tipici del suo personaggio come il pastore della pastorizia, la tartaruga, simbolo della pigrizia, e la conchiglia, simbolo con cui egli annunciò la sua morte.

Completano il dipinto: in basso a destra, con in bocca un cartiglio, sul quale è riportata nome dell'autore e data di esecuzione dell'opera, è un serpente, che starebbe a simboleggiare la saggezza, così come, in alto a destra, simboleggerebbe il profilo di Apollo, mentre secondo altri questa figura potrebbe essere quella di Priapo, mentre cerca di abusare della ninfa Lotis; sulla destra un giovane satiro sorridente, anch'egli con orecchie di capra, ed alle sue spalle un asino, uno dei simboli che si ritrova nelle raffigurazioni di Sileno, lasciata ai bordi di un fiume, mentre raglia.

Note

Bibliografia

Voci correlate
 Opere di Jusepe de Ribera
 Catalogo dei dipinti del Museo nazionale di Capodimonte
 Pittura napoletana del Seicento
 Caravaggismo
 Tenebrismo
 Collezione Roomer
 Collezione Vandeneynden

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

Dipinti nel Museo nazionale di Capodimonte
Dipinti di Jusepe de Ribera
Dipinti a soggetto mitologico
Satiri nelle arti
Pittura napoletana del Seicento

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Used a Monte Carlo study to investigate the magnitude of various relations among behaviors and traits in the context of a multiple-determinant framework (MDF). It was found that when only 3 traits determined each of 2 behaviors and the 2 behaviors were influenced by only 1 common trait, there was an upper bound correlation of about .30 between the 2 behaviors; there was also an upper bound correlation of about .50 between measures of the common trait and the behaviors. When only 4 traits determined each of the 2 behaviors with both behaviors being influenced by 1 common trait, there was an upper bound correlation of about .25 between the 2 behaviors and an upper bound correlation of about .45 between measures of the common trait and the behaviors. It is argued that researchers should abandon the implicit assumption of a one-to-one relation between traits and behavioral consequences and instead adopt an MDF in the study of behavior, focusing not only on the additive effects of multiple determinants but also on the interactions between these determinants.


text:
Em 1877 com o trabalho "On a form of chronic inflamation of bones (osteitis deformans)", James Paget mostra os seus resultados sobre uma doença do esqueleto que considera ser rara (Paget, 1877). Atualmente, a "osteíte deformante" é conhecida por doença de Paget do osso, caracterizada pelo aumento de remodelação óssea apresentando um padrão desorganizado de osso imaturo (woven bone) e osso lamelar (Tan e Ralston, 2014; Kravets, 2018). Tal deve-se a uma irregularidade na reabsorção óssea pelos osteoclastos que provoca um excesso de remodelação óssea (Kravets, 2018). Deste modo, o osso ganha um aspeto característico pois aumenta em tamanho, fica menos compacto com maior vascularização e, portanto, mais frágil (Kravets, 2018).  Na doença de Paget existem pacientes assintomáticos (Tan e Ralston, 2014; Kravets, 2018), e as causas que a provocam ainda não estão definidas com certeza (Kravets, 2018)

Sinais e sintomas
Julia F. Charles e colaboradores (2018) fazem uma síntese detalhada dos sintomas da doença de Paget do osso, sendo o mais comum a dor no osso afetado que não é aliviada com repouso ou movimento. Pode haver a sensação de calor devido à maior vascularização em sítios como o crânio ou tíbia (Charles et al., 2018). Pode acontecer um encurvamento do fémur ou tíbia que tem tendência para provocar o encurtamento do membro e deste modo acrescenta um stresse mecânico e as articulações adjacentes ao osso afetado podem desenvolver artrite secundária (Charles et al., 2018)

Dores nas costas normalmente devem-se ao foco da doença de Paget nas vértebras que contribui com o aumento do seu tamanho e também com a probabilidade de acontecerem fraturas de compressão, podendo tal resultar num desvio anormal da coluna. Pode acontecer o estreitamento do canal da espinal medula constringindo os nervos nas vertebras lombares- estenose espinhal lombar-, resultando em dor e até possível prejuízo na função motora (Charles et al., 2018).

Os sintomas mais comuns quando é o crânio o foco da doença de Paget são: aumento do tamanho do crânio, sensação de pressão dolorosa à volta da cabeça, perda de audição provavelmente devido ao envolvimento do osso temporal. Pode provocar deformidades a nível facial e dentário (Charles et al., 2018).

Existe possibilidade de fraturas, especialmente nos ossos longos, gravemente afetados por lesões líticas. Pequenas fissuras assintomáticas são mais comuns entre os pacientes, que podem permanecer estáveis durante muito tempo, contudo existe a probabilidade de culminar em fraturas (Charles et al., 2018).

Causas
Certas mutações do gene SQSTM1 são desde 2002 relacionadas com a presença da doença de Paget do osso, a mais comum denomina-se por Pro392Leu (Singer, 2015). O gene SQSTM1 codifica a proteína p62 que é importante na função reguladora dos osteoclastos (Kravets, 2018), sendo a mutação Pro392Leu denominada mutação única não conservadora (Singer, 2015), provoca a troca de um alelo com efeitos na codificação do aminoácido final, assim, podendo afetar a regulação de osteoclastos. Esta condição exibe um padrão autossómico dominante de transmissão com 'penetrância incompleta' (Kravets, 2018) o que significa grande probabilidade de transmissão para os descendentes mas que a existência da mutação não significa necessariamente que irá desenvolver a doença, tal poderá dever-se também a outros fatores como o estilo de vida e fatores ambientais combinados com a parte genética (U.S National Library of Medicine, 2020). Portanto, esta doença tem uma forte componente genética, sendo que mutações no gene SQSTM1 são encontradas com uma frequência de até 50% em indivíduos onde existe historial familiar da sua ocorrência, no caso dos indivíduos diagnosticados sem casos na família observa-se uma frequência entre os 5 e os 10% de mutações (Kravets, 2018)

Outros loci foram identificados como potenciais concorrentes que permitem a suscetibilidade da doença de Paget do osso devido à finalidade da codificação de proteínas que influenciam a fisiologia óssea ou pela sua expressão ocorrer no osso. Pensa-se que os genes CSF1, OPTN, DCSTAMP e TNFRSF11A poderão ter variantes que afetam em 67% a probabilidade de se possuir a doença de Paget e ainda, polimorfismos que ocorram em TNRFSF11A, podem expandir as mutações do gene SQSTM1, o que resulta num agravamento da doença (Singer, 2015).

A causa da doença de Paget do osso também tem sido associada ao sarampo. Estudos começaram a associar infeções provocadas por um paramixovírus com a doença de Paget pois nos osteoclastos de pacientes encontraram estruturas idênticas de nucleocapsídeos deste tipo de infeções (Singer, 2015; Charles et al., 2018; Kravets, 2018), assim como, a presença do antigénio do sarampo que não se encontrava em pacientes que padeciam de outra doença óssea (Charles et al., 2018). Testes em ratos apoiam a conexão entre a mutação Pro392Leu e nucleocapsídeos de sarampo, pois quando introduzidas nas cobaias estas desenvolveram a doença de Paget do osso (Singer, 2015; Charles et al., 2018; Kravets, 2018). O facto de ter havido um decréscimo no diagnóstico da doença de Paget após a descoberta da vacina contra o sarampo é um fator a considerar sobre a ligação destas duas doenças (Singer, 2015). Há, no entanto, discordância na comunidade científica quanto ao papel do sarampo na doença de Paget devido à ausência de evidência do vírus nos ossos estudados por certos investigadores (Singer, 2015). Portanto, a hipótese mais segura de momento, sobre a causa da doença de Paget do osso, assenta na possibilidade de uma infeção por um paramixovírus lenta, combinada com a suscetibilidade genética de cada indivíduo, acrescentando a atribuição de fatores ambientais, visto que se notou uma redução da incidência da doença com uma melhor nutrição, menor contacto com infeções e um estilo de vida que proporcione um menor desgaste dos ossos provocado por atividades físicas, e, portanto, diminuindo o risco de lesões ósseas (Kravets, 2018).

Patogénese
Em termos de patogénese da doença de Paget, a característica principal é o aumento da atividade dos osteoclastos, levando-os a aumentar em número e em tamanho (Kravets, 2018). O decorrer da doença de Paget consiste em 3 fases (Kravets, 2018) distintas, de remodelação óssea excessiva (Reasoner et al., 2020). A primeira fase é osteolítica, seguindo-se uma fase osteoblástica e osteolítica, terminando com uma fase esclerótica (Kravets, 2018). A primeira fase é dominada pelos osteoclastos (Reasoner et al., 2020), levando a reabsorção óssea intensa bem como hipervascularização (Kravets, 2018). Na segunda fase, uma vez que é mista, ocorre um aumento da produção de matriz óssea pelos osteoblastos, e também reabsorção óssea pelos osteoclastos (Kravets, 2018; Reasoner et al., 2020). Apesar de existir a produção de matriz óssea, a sua mineralização é eficiente (Kravets, 2018). Como resultado, o osso lamelar (osso maduro) acaba por ser substituído por osso imaturo (Kravets, 2018). Na última fase, a reabsorção óssea diminui gradualmente, levando a osso denso, esclerótico e "desorganizado" (Kravets, 2018). Este osso resultante é mais fraco do que o normal (Kravets, 2018). As três fases podem estar simultaneamente em diferentes partes do esqueleto (Kravets, 2018).

Quando esta patologia envolve apenas um osso, é denominada de monostótica, poliostótica quando envolve vários ossos (mais comum) e, merostótica quando envolve apenas uma porção de um osso (Rossetti et al., 2018).

Diagnóstico

O diagnóstico da doença de Paget é suportada por testes laboratoriais e imagens radiológicas (Menéndez-Bueyes et al., 2017). Em testes laboratoriais, nota-se um nível elevado de fosfátase alcalina marcador de formação e reabsorção óssea (Menéndez-Bueyes et al., 2017). O estudo radiológico deve ser realizado para determinar a extensão da deformidade, detetar possíveis fraturas e áreas de destruição óssea e, também, para avaliar as articulações (Kravets, 2018). Assim, geralmente é encontrado um aumento local de osso com alterações da espessura do osso cortical e a coexistências de lesões osteolíticas e osteoblásticas (Menéndez-Bueyes, et al., 2017). Estas manifestações costumam ocorrer em um ou mais ossos (Singer 2015). No crânio encontram-se lesões osteolíticas resultantes de osteoporose circunscrita e nas vértebras é possível ver engrossamento do osso cortical (Kravets, 2018).

Pessoas com a doença de Paget, que apresentam fraturas e sofrem de mobilidade reduzida, podem apresentar níveis de cálcio e fósforo elevados (Kravets, 2018).

Como diagnóstico diferencial da doença de Paget, existem a metástases ósseas, doença de Paget juvenil e a forma familiar de osteólise expansiva (Kravets, 2018).

Diagnóstico Paleopatológico
Sem análises bioquímicas e exames ósseos, o diagnóstico da doença de Paget é complicado (Rossetti et al., 2018). Como estes testes não podem ser realizados em restos ósseos, o diagnóstico diferencial para esta doença baseia-se em análises macroscópicas, microscópicas e radiográficas (Rossetti et al., 2018).

Apesar de existir uma preferência pelo esqueleto axial, o esqueleto apendicular também é afetado com a doença de Paget (Ribeiro et al., 2018). Assim, os ossos mais afetados são o sacro, vértebras, fémur, crânio, esterno, coxal, clavícula, tíbia, fíbula, costelas e úmero (Ribeiro et al., 2018). As lesões ósseas mais comuns passam pelo engrossamento do crânio e das diáfises dos ossos longos, que podem também podem curvar (Kesterke e Judd, 2019). Não há envolvimento das superfícies articulares epifisárias (Kesterke et al., 2019). Os ossos podem apresentar um aspeto de pedra-pomes tanto na secção transversal como na superfície externa do osso cortical (Kesterke e Judd, 2019).

Diagnóstico Diferencial Paleopatológico
Como diagnóstico diferencial paleopatológico podem ser consideradas as seguintes patologias: osteomalacia, sífilis venérea, leontíase óssea, hiperostose frontal interna (Ribeiro et al., 2018), displasia fibrosa e cancro metastático (Rossetti, et al.,2018).

Tratamento
A maioria das pessoas com doença de Paget são assintomáticos, assim, não necessitam de tratamento (Kravets, 2018). Nos doentes sintomáticos podem ser administrados bifosfonatos (Singer, 2009; Kravets, 2018). Para os pacientes intolerantes, é recomendado a calcitonina (Kravets, 2018). No caso de crescimento excessivo no crânio, coluna ou fraturas pode ser necessário recorrer à cirurgia (Singer, 2009).

Prognóstico
Apesar da doença de Paget ser frequentemente assintomática, os doentes apresentam alguns problemas como dores nos ossos, osteoartrite secundária e consequentemente deformidades ósseas adjacentes à articulação, e fraturas (Michou e Brown, 2016). Apesar de ser cada vez menos frequente, pode também desenvolver-se cancro dos ossos (Michou e Brown, 2016). Podem também ocorrer complicações cardiovasculares e neurológicas, no caso do envolvimento do crânio e de uma ou mais vértebras (Michou e Brown, 2016).

O tratamento com bifosfonatos é eficaz a tratar as dores (Michou e Brown, 2016). No entanto, provavelmente não melhora a perda de audição e não corrige a curvatura dos ossos (Kravets, 2018).

Epidemiologia
A seguir à osteoporose, a doença de Paget é a doença óssea metabólica mais comum (Michou e Orcel, 2016; Valenzuela e Pietschmann, 2017).

Idade
A manifestação e a prevalência da doença de Paget está intimamente relacionada com a idade dos indivíduos (Michou e Orcel, 2016). O diagnóstico é raro antes dos 50 anos (Valenzuela e Pietschmann, 2017). A prevalência é de 3% em indivíduos com mais de 55 anos e sobe para mais de 6% em idades superior a 80 anos, segundo estudos realizados na Europa, América do Norte, Austrália e Nova Zelândia (Michou e Orcel, 2016).

Sexo
Esta doença afeta indivíduos de ambos os sexos, contudo é mais frequente no sexo masculino (Michou e Orcel, 2016; Valenzuela e Pietschmann, 2017).

Distribuição Geográfica e Etnicidade
Dados paleopatológicos revelaram que a doença de Paget existe na Europa Ocidental há pelo menos 2000 anos (Mays, 2010). Os primeiros casos conhecidos datam do período Romano, com grande prevalência no território da Grã-Bretanha (Cundy, 2018).

Esta patologia é mais frequente na Europa, principalmente em países cuja população tem origem anglo-saxónica, como o Reino Unido e a Alemanha (José et al., 2008; Michou e Orcel, 2016). Na América, Austrália e Nova Zelândia a grande maioria dos casos reportados são em pessoas com ascendência europeia (José et al., 2008; Michou e Orcel, 2016).

Contudo estudos recentes na Nova Zelândia, revelaram que há cada vez mais novos casos diagnosticados em indivíduos com ascendência asiática (Cundy, 2018). Pesquisas na África do Sul revelaram prevalência similar entre indivíduos descendentes de Europeus e de Africanos (Cundy, 2018).

Mudança de Paradigma
Novas pesquisas demonstram que a severidade, prevalência e incidência desta doença tem sofrido um decréscimo nos últimos 25-30 anos (Michou e Orcel, 2016; Valenzuela e Pietschmann, 2017). Apesar da etiologia desconhecida da doença, fatores ambientais são apontados como as causas mais prováveis para esta redução (Michou e Orcel, 2016; Cundy, 2018).

É de realçar que o facto da doença de Paget ser frequentemente assintomática prejudica os estudos epidemiológicos (Michou e Orcel, 2016).

Não há dados sobre a prevalência atual da doença no contexto português.

História
Esta patologia foi descrita pela primeira vez pelo cirurgião e patologista britânico James Paget, em 1877, tendo sido à época classificada como uma inflamação crónica dos ossos e consequentemente denominada osteitis deformans (osteíte deformante) (Paget, 1877; Valenzuela e Pietschmann, 2017).

Devido à sua raridade, os dados necessários para a categorizar como uma condição patológica eram escassos, tendo sido comummente classificada como hiperosteose ou osteoporose (Paget, 1877).

Paget acompanhou ao longo de vários anos, cinco indivíduos do sexo masculino, de meia idade, aparentemente saudáveis, que começaram, lentamente, a sofrer alterações no tamanho, forma e direção de alguns ossos (Paget, 1877; Valenzuela e Pietschmann, 2017; Cundy, 2018). Os ossos mais afetados eram os dos membros inferiores e do crânio. A deformação óssea era acompanhada de dores nos membros afetados e fraturas, não havendo complicações adicionais para a saúde (Paget, 1877; Cundy, 2018).

Paget concluiu que a doença afetava mais frequentemente os ossos longos dos membros inferiores e o crânio, de forma simétrica. Os ossos aumentavam de tamanho, devido ao engrossamento do periósteo. Consequentemente, devido ao peso do corpo, ossos como as vértebras, a tíbia e o fémur acabavam por se tornar mais frágeis e adotavam uma posição curva (Paget, 1877).

Após as observações realizadas, James Paget propôs três hipóteses possíveis de diagnóstico: Tumor, hipertrofia ou inflamação crónica. Apenas a última era plausível (Paget, 1877).

Doença óssea de Paget no registo paleopatológico em Portugal
A doença de Paget é rara no contexto arqueológico português (Ribeiro et al., 2018).

Um indivíduo do sexo feminino da Coleção de Esqueletos Identificados de Évora apresentava alterações e espessamento ósseo, principalmente no crânio, nas tíbias e nos fémures, compatíveis com a doença óssea de Paget (Ribeiro et al., 2018).

Em Silveirona, Estremoz, foi exumado um indivíduo do sexo masculino, do período visigótico, com alterações ósseas, sendo de destacar os fémures extremamente encurvados e a espessura anormal do crânio, indicadoras da doença óssea de Paget (Santos, 1999/2000).

Península Ibérica
É possível saber que Espanha, comparada com outros países da Europa, tem uma prevalência média-baixa desta doença- entre 0,9% e 1,3% na população acima de 65 anos (Valenzuela e Pietschmann, 2017).

Brasil
Dados obtidos em pesquisas no Brasil indicam que a maioria dos indivíduos afetados por esta doença têm ancestralidade europeia, em particular portuguesa ou holandesa (José et al., 2008; Michou e Orcel, 2016).

Bibliografia
Charles J. F., Siris E. S., Roodman G. D. (2018). Paget Disease of Bone. In Bilezikian J. P., Bouillon R., Clemens T., Compston J., Bauer D. C., Ebeling P. R., Engelke K., Goltzman D., Guise T., Beur S. M. J., Juppner H., Lyons K., McCauley L., McClung M. R., Miller P. D., Papanoulos S. E., Roodman G. D., Rosen C. J., Seeman E., Thakker R. V., Whyte M. P., Zaidi M in Primer on the Metabolic Bone Disease and Disorders of Mineral Metabolism 9ª Edição (pp. 713-720). American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Cundy T. (2018). Paget's disease of bone. Metabolism 80: 5-14.
José F. F., Pernambuco A. C. D. A., Amaral D. T. D. (2008). Doença de Paget do osso. Einstein (Supl 1): S79-S88.
Keterke M. J., Judd M. A. (2019). A microscopic evaluation of Paget's disease from Byzantine monastic crypt in Jordan. International Journal of Paleopathology 24: 293-298.
Kravets I. (2018). Paget's Disease of Bone: Diagnosis and Treatment. The American Journal of Medicine 131: 1298-1303.
Mays S. (2010). Archaeological skeletons support a northwest European origin for Paget's disease of bone. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 25: 1839-1841.
Menéndez-Bueyes L. R., Fernández M. C. S. (2017). Paget's Disease of Bone: Aproach to Its Historical Origins. Reumatología Clínica 13: 66-72.
Michou L., Brown J. P. (2016). Paget's Disease of Bone: Prognosis and Complications. In Reddy S. V. Advances in Pathobiology and Management of Paget's Disease of Bone (pp. 105-118). Academic Press
Michou L., Orcel P. (2016). The changing countenance of Paget's Disease of bone. Joint Bone Spine 83: 650-655.
Paget J. (1877). On a Form of Chronic Inflammation of Bones (Osteitis Deformans). Medico-chirurgical transactions 60, 37–64.9.
Reasoner S. A., Colazo J. M., Tucci J., Cates J., Dahir K. M. (2020). Chronic femoral diaphyseal osteomyelitis with radiographs initially concerning for Paget disease of the bone. Radiology Case Reports 15: 344-348.
Ribeiro C., Relvado C., Fernandes T. (2018). Um possível caso de doença óssea de Paget na Coleção de Esqueletos Identificados de Évora, Portugal (século XX). Antropologia Portuguesa 35: 97-113.
Rossetti C., Pasquinelli L., Verzeletti A., Armocida G., Licata M., Fulcheri E. (2018). A case of Paget from a Northern Italy medieval necropolis. International Journal of Paleopathology 20: 104-107.
Santos A. L. 1999/2000. Os caminhos da paleopatologia – passado e desafios. Antropologia Portuguesa 16/17: 161-184.Singer F. R. (2009). Paget disease: when to treat andwhen not to treat. Nature Reviews Rheumatology 5: 483-489.
Singer F. R. (2015). Paget's disease of bone – genetic and enviromental factors. Nature Reviews Endocrinology 11: 662-671.
Tan A., Ralston S. H. (2014). Paget's disease of bone. QJM: An International Journal of Medicine 107: 865-869.
U.S National Library of Medicine, publicado a 28 Abril, 2020, "What are reduced penetrance and variable expressivity?", disponível em: https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/primer/inheritance/penetranceexpressivity).
Valenzuela E. N., Pietschmann P. (2017). Epidemiology and pathology of Paget's disease of bone–A review. Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift 167: 2-8.

Ligações externas

Doenças ósseas


I don't often discuss trade idea results from the subscriber letter here on the blog. The last time I did was in July. But 2012 was another solid year and I hope to help traders in 2013 as well. I don't post results regularly because while I've always tracked trade ideas in the subscriber letter, it isn't the main focus of the service. I don't consider Quantifiable Edges to be a stock picking service. I consider it one where traders can gain market and trading knowledge through the published research, systems, and tools. The objective is to provide tools and instruction to help traders improve their own trading and results.
But the published trade ideas have done quite well. In fact, during 2012 August was the only month where the trade ideas failed to add up to positive gains. I've had several letters from subscribers lately telling me they've done quite well following certain ideas and that is always nice to hear.
As I did 6 months ago, I have again broken down the results by year. For tracking purposes I only count trades after they have been closed out. With most trades being of the swing variety this doesn't normally skew results much. But it does occasionally when a big trade lasts over a month or year-end.
2012 was a standout year in a number of ways. I've become more selective over the years and that selectivity paid off nicely in 2012. Despite being the year with the lowest number of trade ideas published (97), it was #2 in total gains. It showed the highest win % at over 78%, the lowest average loss, and the highest profit factor by far, with gross gains over 9x the size of gross losses.
For those that are interested, the complete list of trade ideas from 2008 – Jan 2013 can be downloaded from the systems page of the members' section of Quantifiable Edges. (Available to paid and trial subscribers.) And with the full archive of subscriber letters available on the site, gold subscribers can also go back and see what I wrote about any trade and my reasons for entry and exit when it happened.


IP Result of anti-MOF (IP:13842-1-AP, 4ug; Detection:13842-1-AP 1:600) with HeLa cells lysate 1200ug.
Histone Acetyltransferase Mof Affects the Progression of DSS-Induced Colitis.
Regulation of acetylation restores proteolytic function of diseased myocardium in mouse and human.


Happy Monday loves! I cannot believe Thanksgiving is this week. I feel like I skipped a few weeks of the pre-holiday excitement. Life can get busy this time of the year. Last weekend, though, I took a break to go roller-skating with family, which finally turned it around for me. Happy endorphins and family time was what I needed! This week I hope to keep that positive attitude and plan working on my Christmas list and gift ideas. I found that there are quite a few apps for the holidays that can help me organize my holiday plans and gifts while keeping a happy and healthy state of mind. Two of my favorites are Santa's Bag and Breathing app.
1. Santa's Bag – Christmas Gift List. I consider myself very lucky that I have a long list of people I want to get gifts for: family, friends, teachers, coworkers! But staying within a budget is tough, especially since buying 'one for her one for me' is seriously tempting. The Santa's Bag app is perfectly organized and allows me to sort things by stores or recipients, just the way I like it! But the best part is that it lists how much money I spent on each item and adds it up for me. A great reality check, yikes!
2. Breathe App (for iOS) / Stop Breathe & Think (for Android). Okay, don't laugh. Even though I have always known how beneficial and calming breathing exercise can be, I always dismissed this app as silly… until I got an Apple Watch for my birthday from my awesome men. This app specifically would annoy me at first, but once I gave it a try, I loved it. I mean, being an overworked stress ball like me, this app is golden especially during such hectic holiday season.
Do you use any apps to help you get through the holidays? Please share!


text:
Home News Mallorca Rapist who planned to work as children's holiday entertainer in Spain jailed
Rapist who planned to work as children's holiday entertainer in Spain jailed
Euro Weekly News
5 February 2019 @ 12:30
JAILED RAPIST: James Milburn, 19, said that he planned to go to Spain to work as a children's holiday rep. Photo credit: Shutterstock
A MAN who was jailed for raping a young girl was reportedly planning to work as a childrens' entertainer in Mallorca.
According to British press, Durham Crown Court heard that James Milburn, 19, did a stint working on the island, and on his return to England said that he planned to return to work as a kids' holiday rep.
But, during this time, the mother of his victim reported the rape to the police.
Shaun Dodds, prosecuting, reportedly said Milburn flew from Leeds Bradford Airport to Palma, on discovering he was being investigated,
But family members urged him to return and he was arrested by police at the airport when he landed.
Milburn apparently made no comment to police questions but, after the case was sent to the crown court, he admitted a charge of rape.
Liam O'Brien, defending, told the court there was nothing he could say to 'diminish the pain and suffering of the victim in this case and that of her family'.
He said Milburn 'was old enough to know right from wrong'.
Judge Jonathan Carroll imposed a six-year and nine-month custodial sentence and made Milburn subject to registration as a sex offender for life.
Durham Crown Court
holiday rep
James Milburn
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text:
using System;

namespace TigerStudio.Framework.Caching
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Extensions
    /// </summary>
    public static class CacheExtensions
    {
        public static T Get<T>(this ICacheManager cacheManager, string key, Func<T> acquire)
        {
            return Get(cacheManager, key, 60, acquire);
        }

        public static T Get<T>(this ICacheManager cacheManager, string key, int cacheTime, Func<T> acquire)
        {
            if (cacheManager.IsSet(key))
            {
                return cacheManager.Get<T>(key);
            }
            else
            {
                var result = acquire();
                cacheManager.Set(key, result, cacheTime);

                return result;
            }
        }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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30 foreground recordings and 0 background recordings of Gallirallus okinawae . Total recording duration 17:05.
natural vocalization; song from the same bird as in XC165613, with another individual audible in the background.
natural vocalization; calls from an unseen bird in a dense wet grassy area adjacent to remnant mangroves.
The Identification of this species is not 100% but it seems to be the most likely candidate for this call at this site.
Response to playback, more like a "song" than a call, and almost certainly both birds of the pair duetting. Same bird(s) as on XC156116.
Natural vocalization assumed to be of this species (see also the very similar-sounding XC156120). Okinawa Rails were seen at this locality at the time of the recording, but not seen making the vocalization.


text:
Astronomia
 Daly – cratere lunare
 Daly – cratere su Marte

Geografia
 Daly City – città della Contea di San Mateo, California (Stati Uniti d'America)
 Daly River – fiume del Territorio del Nord (Australia)

Medicina
 DALY (Disability-adjusted life year) – indicatore epidemiologico

Persone
 Andrew Daly – attore e comico statunitense
 Cahal Brendan Daly – cardinale e arcivescovo cattolico irlandese
 César Daly – architetto francese
 Charles Daly King – psicologo e scrittore statunitense
 Chuck Daly – allenatore di pallacanestro statunitense
 Conor Daly – pilota automobilistico statunitense
 Derek Daly – ex pilota automobilistico irlandese
 Edward Daly – vescovo cattolico irlandese
 Edward Daly – rivoluzionario irlandese
 Elizabeth Daly – scrittrice statunitense
 Elliot Daly – rugbista a 15 inglese
 Herman Daly – economista statunitense
 James Daly – attore statunitense
 Jerome Daly – avvocato difensore statunitense, protagonista della vicenda giudiziaria nota come First National Bank of Montgomery vs Jerome Daly
 John Daly – golfista statunitense
 Marcus Daly – imprenditore irlandese naturalizzato statunitense
 Mary Daly – filosofa e teologa statunitense
 Rachel Daly – calciatrice inglese
 Reginald Aldworth Daly – geologo canadese
 Timothy Daly – attore, doppiatore e produttore cinematografico statunitense
 Tony Daly – ex rugbista a 15 e allenatore di rugby australiano
 Tyne Daly – attrice statunitense

Altro
 Rivelatore Daly – rivelatore di ioni


text:
Janjila är ett samhälle i Bosnien och Hercegovina.   Det ligger i entiteten Federationen Bosnien och Hercegovina, i den västra delen av landet,  km nordväst om huvudstaden Sarajevo. Janjila ligger  meter över havet och antalet invånare är .

Terrängen runt Janjila är huvudsakligen kuperad, men åt nordost är den bergig. Terrängen runt Janjila sluttar söderut.  Närmaste större samhälle är Sanica,  km nordost om Janjila.

I omgivningarna runt Janjila växer i huvudsak blandskog. Runt Janjila är det ganska tätbefolkat, med  invånare per kvadratkilometer.  Årsmedeltemperaturen i trakten är  °C. Den varmaste månaden är juli, då medeltemperaturen är  °C, och den kallaste är januari, med  °C. Genomsnittlig årsnederbörd är  millimeter. Den regnigaste månaden är september, med i genomsnitt  mm nederbörd, och den torraste är juni, med  mm nederbörd.

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Orter i Federationen Bosnien och Hercegovina


text:
Avalanche Peak steht für:

 Avalanche Peak (Colorado)
 Avalanche Peak (Kalifornien)
 Avalanche Peak (Indien)
 Avalanche Peak (Neuseeland)
 Avalanche Peak (New Mexico)
 Avalanche Peak (Wyoming)
 Avalanche Peak (Yukon)


text:
Vodafone Germany
Vodafone Deutschland adding HGTV to line-up
Vodafone Deutschland is to add Discovery's Home and Gardens TV (HGTV) to its programming line-up. From June 6 Vodafone customers with the operator's Giga TV offering will be able to view HGTV alongside Discovery's other channels for the German market: free-to-view services Eurosport 1, DMAX and TLC and pay TV offerings Eurosport 2 and Discovery […]
Vodafone CCO: consolidation 'beneficial for industry and customer'
The cable industry thrives on scale, with consolidation beneficial for both the customer and the industry, according to Vodafone Germany's chief commercial officer Manuel Cubero. Speaking at Cable Congress yesterday, Cubero, who has also served as CEO of Kabel Deutschland since April 2014, said that Vodafone has had "fantastic experiences with consolidation" – though he […]
Management changes at Vodafone Germany
Vodafone Germany's head of residential customers, Marcello Maggioni, is to leave the group at the end of June. According to Vodafone, Maggioni, who is leaving to pursue opportunities outside the group, will not be replaced. Vodafone Germany chief commercial officer Manuel Cubero will take over his role. Vodafone Germany has also named Anna Dimitrova as […]
Unitymedia drops down Netflix's ISP Speed Index
Unitymedia Kabel was among the major movers in Netflix's latest ISP Speed Index, with the Germany operator's average web speed falling to 3.18 Mbps in January. Netflix noted that the internet service provider, which had ranked at the top since Netflix launched service in that country, dropped thee places in the month to eighth place. […]
Vodafone Germany appoints Telekom Austria CEO as next boss
Vodafone Germany has announced plans to appoint Hannes Ametsreiter as its next CEO, following news of his departure from Telekom Austria earlier this week. Vodafone said that the board will decide on the proposed hire at its next meeting on June 30, with Ametsreiter then expected to take up the Vodafone Germany post on October 1. […]
Vodafone Germany names strategy chief
Vodafone Germany has named Anna Dimitrova as is new head of strategy and corporate development. Dimitrova, who is currently chief financial officer for Vodafone's Czech subsidiary, will take up her new post on December 1. She succeeds Frank Krause, who has left the company at his own request. Vodafone Germany CEO Jens Schulte-Bockum said Dimitrova […]
Vodafone Germany to launch 4K next year, intros fixed-mobile bundles with KD
Vodafone Germany plans to launch a 4K TV offering to its subscribers in the first half of net year and is collaborating with Cisco to develop a 4K-capable set-top. The set-top box, based on Cisco's Videoscape and MediaHighway platforms, will be available as part of Vodafone's hybrid TV platform, for which Cisco has been a […]
Kabel Deutschland sees strong broadband and premium TV growth
Vodafone-owned German cable operator Kabel Deutschland saw strong growth in both broadband and premium TV subscribers in the year to June. The operator had 15.1 million revenue generating units sold at the end of June, up 4.8% year-on-year. Internet and phone subscriptions were up by 664,000 year on year to 4.5 million, while premium TV […]
Vodafone Germany extends CEO's run
Vodafone Germany has extended the tenure of current CEO Jens Schulte-Bockum for a further three years to March 31 2018. The company's supervisory board unanimously approved the extension of Schulte-Bockum's contract and confirmed the appointment of Kabel Deutschland executive Andreas Siemen as the company's new financial director. Chairman Philipp Humm said Schulte-Bockum had successfully managed […]
Vodafone and Kabel Deutschland begin marketing common offerings
Vodafone Deutschland and its cable subsidiary Kabel Deutschland are to offer their first joint product offerings. The pair have begun jointly marketing services under the new Zuhause Plus/Home Plus brand via Vodafone's network of 600 stores and Kabel Deutschland's network of 200 outlets, enabling fixed customers of both to buy internet, phone and TV services […]


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Round Butte Overlook Park
Come see Central Oregon's natural beauty
Round Butte Overlook Park Map
ALERT: Pelton Dam Road is closed for construction until November. During construction, Pelton Park can be accessed from Hwy 26, just south of Warm Springs. Round Butte Overlook Park can be accessed from SW Belmont Lane in Madras.
Call 503-325-5331 for updates.
Eagle's eye view of the Deschutes River Canyon
Round Butte Overlook Park is a terrific place to picnic and enjoy spectacular views of the Deschutes River Canyon.
From the park, on the rim of canyon, you can look down on Round Butte Dam, Lake Billy Chinook and Lake Simtustus about 400 feet below. It's a great spot to view wildlife, including bald eagles and ospreys. Every February, it's the site for the annual Eagle Watch, which attracts hundreds of visitors.
In and around the observation building, you'll find interpretive displays on the Round Butte Hydroelectric Project and Deschutes River fish and wildlife. Learn more about PGE's efforts to protect fish on the Deschutes River.
The picnic area is reservable and can hold up to 200 people.
The park has barrier-free restrooms and picnic sites.
Round Butte Overlook details
Round Butte Overlook is open from May 22 through Sept. 7, 2020. It is open Friday, Saturday and Sunday only through Sept. 27, 2020. The park is free and open to the public.
If you want to reserve picnic tables, there is a small day-use fee. Please make a reservation using the Day Use Area Permit Application. Be sure to take a look at our Parks & Recreation Rules.
Reservations for 2020 will be accepted by phone starting March 2, 8 a.m.
Pelton area parks: 541-325-5292
From Madras, travel west on Belmont Lane. Follow the signs for Round Butte Overlook Park.
For more information, use our contact form, or call the PGE Parks Information Line at 503-464-8515.
Parks & Recreation Rules
Rates, Payment & Cancellation Policies
Love to camp?
Check out our campgrounds at Timothy Lake, Lake Harriet, Promontory Park and Pelton Park.
Get updates on social
Follow us on Facebook, Twitter or Instagram for parks and campground updates and giveaways.
Show your appreciation for the outdoors
Sign up for Green-e certified renewable power.


text:
Nephrocerus japonicus är en tvåvingeart som beskrevs av Morakote 1988. Nephrocerus japonicus ingår i släktet Nephrocerus och familjen ögonflugor. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Ögonflugor
japonicus


text:
Senate debates
What are Senate debates?
Santamaria, Mr Bartholomew Augustine
Joe Bullock (WA, Australian Labor Party) Share this | Hansard source
There is a common and very human tendency to accept unquestioningly that the way things are is the way they must be, as if history has been guided by some predetermined inevitability which has led us to where we are today, that it was inevitable that the Allies should have defeated fascism and that the Berlin Wall was always destined to fall. There is a sort of reassuring comfort in such a belief but it is plainly untrue. Time and again in the history of nations, their futures hang in the balance with the outcome determined one way or another by the actions of a handful of committed individuals determined to influence the way the cards fall.
It is to these individuals at these times that the credit, or indeed the blame, for the outcome of the contest which comes to constitute the new national norm is attributable. Often the commonly held belief by those not intimately involved in the contest that the outcome was inevitable diminishes the credit which is afforded to those who effectively changed the course of history. This is even more likely to be the case where the protagonists themselves—either of their own decision or by force of circumstance—wage their battles out of the public glare and with a commitment to, as far as is possible, avoiding publicity for their work.
There are times, however, when acknowledgement of the actions critical to the shaping of a nation's history must either be properly afforded or people are condemned to ignorance as to the forces which have shaped their society. Tonight is an appropriate time for such an acknowledgement.
As the centenary year of BA Santamaria's birth comes to a close, I want to record a few thoughts about this great Australian, who never held political office and was never a member of any political party but who nonetheless had a significant influence on public affairs over nearly 60 years. Santamaria's greatest achievement was his contribution to the defeat of the organised effort in the 1940s and early 1950s by the Communist Party of Australia and its fellow travellers to dominate the trade union movement, the ACTU and consequently the Labor Party. At this time the Communist Party of Australia was entirely subservient to the Stalin-led Soviet Union and its interests.
Writing in the foreword to a 1940s Australian edition of Stalin's The Foundations of Leninism, Lance Sharkey, general secretary of the Communist Party of Australia from 1948 to 1965, enthused:
The whole of the toiling masses of the world to-day acclaim the great work of the great statesman, Stalin.
More than 60 years later, looking from the other side of the dismantling of the Berlin Wall, the liberation of Eastern Europe from Soviet domination and the collapse of the Soviet Union itself, it may be difficult for us to understand just how serious a threat to the free world, including Australia, the communists were. Stephane Courtois' The Black Book of Communism, published in 1999, totalled up the corpses and found that communist regimes worldwide were responsible for some 100 million deaths, 20 million in the Soviet Union alone. Santamaria described how he became a committed opponent of communism:
One day, by the purest accident, I was wandering round a suburban library, and by mistake I picked up a book that turned out to be Malcolm Muggeridge's Winter In Moscow which he published in 1934, and as I told Muggeridge many years later, 'I blame you for everything that's happened to me in my life, because that book changed my life.'
In 1937, on the day he signed the solicitors roll after graduating in law from the University of Melbourne, Santamaria, then just 22 years old, was invited by Archbishop Daniel Mannix to come and work for the Australian national secretariat of Catholic Action. In 1941, Bert Cremean, deputy leader of the Labor Party in Victoria, asked Santamaria for help in combating the dominance of the Communist Party of Australia in the trade unions. Santamaria described the approach he developed to tackle this task. He said:
I always believed that the only way to fight communism in the union movement was to go in, create a counterforce of anti-communist unionists, organise as well as they did, better than they did and beat them and throw them out.
The vehicle Santamaria developed to recruit and organise unionists for this task was the Catholic Social Studies Movement, 'the movement'. However, he worked more broadly with Labor Party and trade union leaders through the ALP sponsored industrial groups. Leaders such as Laurie Short of the Federated Ironworkers Association; Lloyd Ross of the Railwaymen's Union; Percy Cleary, President, and Reg Broadby, Secretary of the ACTU and Arthur Calwell, then a minister in the Curtin government, supported this approach.
By 1954 this task was largely achieved. Labor, under the leadership of Bert Evatt, narrowly lost the May 1954 election. After appearing as legal counsel for two of his staff members at the Royal Commission on Espionage and failing to produce any evidence for his bizarre theory that ASIO had conspired with Vladimir Petrov to produce a forged document naming the two staff members as sources for information passed to the Soviet Union by Rupert Lockwood, Evatt cast about for someone to blame. He settled for a sectarian attack on BA Santamaria and the movement, notoriously claiming to Alan Reid that for every Catholic vote he lost he would gain two Protestant votes. He believed, or claimed to believe, that Santamaria had conspired against him with ASIO.
Evatt, claimed to have confirmation of his conspiracy theory when he received a reply from Molotov, the Soviet foreign minister, who assured him that as there was no Soviet espionage in Australia, the Lockwood document must be a forgery. If Evatt had not succumbed to his own conspiracy theories, a broad based Labor Party would almost certainly have won government sometime in the second half of the 1950s. In the event Evatt's reckless and unnecessary attack on Santamaria led to the tragic Labor Party split of 1955 and to Labor's extended occupation of the opposition benches until 1972. In his 1973 pamphlet Philosophies in Collision, Santamaria identified three philosophies in contention for the soul of the West: Christianity as broadly understood, Soviet communism and secular humanism or libertarianism—the view that the individual should be able to do whatever he or she liked. Santamaria noted that technological developments such as television and the contraceptive pill had played a major role in facilitating the spread of a libertarian approach beyond narrow intellectual circles to the broader community.
By the early 1980s, Santamaria had refocused his energies on combating the new Gramscian strategy of the 'long march through the institutions' adopted by the Left. Both old communists looking for new causes and libertarians were seeking to change Australian society through demolishing or restructuring the family, religion, education and culture. Santamaria engaged in this new struggle through publications such as News Weekly and AD2000,as well as through ancillary organisations such as the Australian Family Association.
Santamaria was fond of posing the question used as the title of a 1902 pamphlet by Lenin, 'What is to be done?' His whole professional life was driven by the answers to this question which he developed, along with his collaborators, in the face of one challenge after another—communism in the trade unions, the Labor Party split, the Cultural Revolution. It is a question each of us engaged in public life should constantly be asking ourselves.
Tonight I pay tribute to the life of Bob Santamaria and to those thousands of unnamed people who met in small groups around the country and who bowed their heads and prayed:
Lord Jesus Christ our King,
Teach us to be generous
To serve you as you deserve to be served,
To give and not to count the cost,
To fight and not to heed the wounds,
To work and not to seek for rest,
To spend ourselves and not to seek reward
Save the knowledge that we do your holy will.
Posted on 25 Dec 2015 9:36 am (Report this comment)
Congratulations Seator Bullock. IF I could you would definitely get my preference ahead of anti worker, anti human LNP & ALP members.
I would add that the only way to fight evil in the major p[arties is to go in, create a counterforce of anti-communist citizens , organize as well as they do, better than they do and beat them and throw them out.


List Rules Vote up and add all of your favorite mystery thrillers of all time.
List of the best whodunit movies, as ranked by mystery movie fans and film critics from all over the world. There's something thrilling about watching a fictional mystery unfold in front of your very eyes on the big screen. Unlike real life mysteries, you get to experience the beginning, middle, and end of the entire whodunit mystery. These movies include the moment the crime takes place to the second the detective or intelligent protagonist reveals the real culprit in a parlor room-type scene. Many of these whodunit film are gruesome mysteries where a murder has taken place, such as Primal Fear and Identity, while some are more humorous adventures, like Who Framed Roger Rabbit and Clue.
Not all of the mysteries in these films are about death. Like in the case of The Prestige and What Ever Happened to Baby Jane?, the mystery is about the real motivation and actions of puzzling characters.However, most of these films are defined by their incredible detective characters, like Poirot in the Agatha Christie mysteries, who sift through clues and solve crimes like it was solving a crossword puzzle.
What are the best whodunit movies of all time? This list features the top movies that have whodunit mysteries as the center of the film.


Can a franchisor really terminate?
Whilst franchisors can control how franchisees manage their business, they cannot control how their franchisees manage their finances.
And when a franchisee goes under, the first thing a franchisor will want to do is take control of the situation so as to protect the business and the brand.
But changes to Corporations Act 2010 referred to as the new ipso facto provisions, due in July, may leave franchisors sitting on the sidelines able to do very little or nothing.
Read more: Can a franchisor really terminate?
The Snap-on Tools case – a warning to litigious franchisees!
The NSW Court of Appeal recently dismissed a claim by a franchisee who sued the franchisor for loss or damage because the franchisee was not able to prove that the loss or damage was attributable to the franchisor's misconduct.
The case goes against the trend of many aggrieved franchisees successfully suing for damages based on allegations of the franchisor's misconduct or misrepresentation.
To read the full article click here, or visit www.carternewell.com.
In the introduction to this column, we discussed in very broad terms how two people can form a contract for the sale of goods: one person offers to buy or sell, and the other accepts the offer. Simple!
Effective January 1, 2014, the IRS now requires the use of a new form, Form 8822-B, for any entity that has a federal Employer Identification Number (FEIN) to report changes in the entity's "responsible party." The requirement to file Form 8822-B applies to all entities with an FEIN, including those which are tax-exempt. Although not required, Form 8822-B may also be used to report changes to an entity's mailing and/or street address.


text:
Q: Sinatra Session Caching I'm having a little trouble understanding how to get Sinatra to cache sessions.  This problem manifests itself when I fire up more than one application instance (ala Puma or multiple Thins).
I'm asking Sinatra (1.4) to use sessions like this:
 enable :sessions
 set :session_secret, 'secret sauce'
 set :protection, except: :session_hijacking

 $connections = []
 set connections: $connections

I've left the $connections in there to demonstrate that this App is using server sent events, in case that has any relevance.
I am them using Persona (Mozilla) to support logins/authentication and am ultimately storing the logged in email in Sinatra's session with:
session[:auth_email] = data["email"]

Where data is given to me by Persona.
What I can't work out is how I ask Sinatra to store session data in a persistent store (ideally Redis) so the app can be recycled without losing session state (I've done this with Ramaze before with Ramaze::Cache.options.session = Ramaze::Cache::Redis.using())

A: Check out Moneta.
The project's Github page gives examples of how to set this up and is extremely easy to integrate with Sinatra.


text:
Home > Imprints > Iff Books > Authors > Laurence & Alison Matthews
Laurence & Alison Matthews
In a previous century, Laurence and Alison Matthews were university lecturers and statisticians in the oil and transport industries. In this one, they wrote a best-selling book on Chinese characters before turning to epidemiology and the psychology of climate change. Recently Laurence has been Chairman of a climate policy NGO and has given evidence to Select Committees of the UK House of Commons. They live near Hay-on-Wye with far too many books.
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In western Peloponnese, in the beautiful valley of the Alpheios river, lies the most celebrated sanctuary of ancient Greece. Dedicated to Zeus, the father of the gods, it sprawls over the southwest foot of Mount Kronios, at the confluence of the Alpheios and the Kladeos rivers, in a lush, green landscape. Although secluded near the west coast of the Peloponnese, Olympia became the most important religious and athletic centre in Greece. Its fame rests upon the Olympic Games, the greatest national festival and a highly prestigious one world-wide, which was held every four years to honour Zeus. The origin of the cult and of the festival went back many centuries. Local myths concerning the famous Pelops, the first ruler of the region, and the river Alpheios, betray the close ties between the sanctuary and both the East and West.