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Artis College of Science and Technology
Davis College of Business and Economics
College of Graduate Studies and Research
Waldron College of Health and Human Services
College of Humanities and Behavioral Sciences
Other Offices and Departments
Center for Information Safety and Security
Pre-Health Advisory Committee
GIS Center
Museum of the Earth Sciences
REALISE
Radford University Planetarium
Anthropological Sciences
Selu Observatory
Department of Information Technology
Forensic Science Institute
Geospatial Science
MS in Data And Information Management
Try a security class now!
Join the Cyber Defense Club
Request for Information Form
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Office: 228 Davis Hall
The first line of defense for your data
In the 21st century your data is under attack. At the center for information safety and security our focus is on cyber security, cyber crime, and digital forensics.
The Center for Information Safety and Security is a multi-disciplinary organization focused on cyber and information security providing education, research, consulting, and community service.
The Department of Information Technology leads the Center in collaboration with Criminal Justice, Forensic Science Institute, and Mathematics and Statistics.
Radford University has been designated as a Center of Academic Excellence in Cyber Defense Education by the National Security Agency and Division of Homeland Security.
Graduate students celebrated in hooding ceremony »
More than 250 Radford University graduate students were hooded in a special ceremony inside of the Dedmon Center on May 4 surrounded by their family, friends, professors and mentors.
Students, professors share experiences with local media »
Students and professors share experiences with local media.
Cyber Defense team wards off hackers, qualifies for regionals »
Radford University's Cyber Defense Club has qualified for a spot in the regional finals of the Mid-Atlantic Collegiate Cyber Defense Competition.
Fall preliminary round of RUSecure Contest launches with record participation »
The 2017 edition of the RUSecure Capture The Flag contest is underway and is experiencing a record number of competitors.
RU Mobile rolls out new features »
The RU Mobile app now has two of the most sought after features that allow users to save time and be more productive while on the go.
Information Science and Systems launches new health care concentration to meet industry demand »
Radford University's Department of Information Technology (IT) is partnering with the School of Nursing (SON) to offer a dynamic new health care concentration.
RUSecure Capture the Flag contest crowns champion at event finals »
A full day of competition and some creative answers to challenges allowed one team to reign supreme in the 2017 RUSecure Capture the Flag competition sponsored by Radford University's Department of Information Technology (DIT).
Information Science student sharpens new skill set at Radford »
At Radford University, Information Science and Systems (IS) major Erik Miller has found, perhaps, a new career calling.


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Healthcare Disparities in the US Amongst Those of Color With Glaucoma
Kathy Laura
Glaucoma affects many people across the globe, but primarily, it's affecting African Americans due to access issues.
According to a release, others who fall most at risk of glaucoma are Hispanics, Asians, the elderly, people with elevated eye pressure, primary relatives with glaucoma, persons with high myopia, high hyperopia and those with a history of eye trauma and diabetes.
A study reported earlier this year by Review of Optometry shared Glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness in the world and is estimated to affect approximately 76 million people today and as many as 111.8 million in the next 20 years.
Dr. Daniel Laroche, director of Glaucoma Services and president of Advanced Eyecare of New York, shared the effects of this eye disease include no plain, but a loss of vision, which occurs slowly from peripheral to central, to damage of the retinal ganglions cells and optic nerve and increased eye pressure. Many people don't realize it's happening until they have lost a substantial amount of peripheral vision.
To put it bluntly, Laroche said there's only one way to prevent these effects: don't skip your eye care visits.
However, for groups that face healthcare disparities like African Americans, the severity of glaucoma begins at an earlier age and at a more aggressive course for them rather than those white people and Asians, according to Review of Optometry.
"This may not be due entirely to genetic factors, but partially 'a result of a lack of early diagnosis and poor access to treatment,'" the article said.
Also found in the study is glaucoma's prevalence in those over 40 is highest among African Americans, at 5.7% compared with 2.2% in white people. The prevalence of the disease generally increases with age, and forms of glaucoma like primary open-angle glaucoma is strongly correlated with age.
Glaucoma also comes with an economic burden in the U.S., tallying to $2.9 billion, according to the study. It's been reported that glaucoma patients incur, on average, an additional $2,903 in annual total healthcare costs and higher outpatient costs by $2,599 compared with those without glaucoma. Treating and preventing glaucoma is approximately $5.8 billion per year in the United States, and this number is expected to rise to $12 billion by 2032 and $17.3 billion by 2050. Prescription drugs are the main reason for the high cost.
Although costs do remain high, there are affordable and accessible ways to receive eye care for those looking for less costly options. Some options that can assist are national programs, Medicaid and Medicare, optometry schools, discount eye exam centers at your local store and more.
"Eyesight or human vision is one of the most important senses," Laroche said. "As much as 80% of what we feel comes through our sense of sight. By protecting the eyes, people will reduce the chance of blindness and vision loss while also staying on top of any developing eye diseases, such as glaucoma and cataracts.
He added a healthy brain function requires a healthy vision.
"The brain is our most essential organ, and it allows us to control other organs," Laroche said. "Normal and healthy vision contributes to improved learning and comprehension for a better quality of life."
Promising New OpRegen® Clinical Data Featured at 54th Annual Retina Society Meeting in Podium Presentation by Christophe…
Tablet-based perimetry could help triage glaucoma patients
Trained graders could be used to monitor patients with stable diabetic eye disease
Global Diabetic Eye Disease Devices Market 2021 Business Strategies – IRIDEX, Ellex, Alcon, Bausch And Lomb – Bulk Solid…

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The Ord River hydro power plant achieves two key aims: it provides electricity to the Argyle Diamond Mine and the nearby towns of Kununurra and Wyndham – and does so in an environmentally friendly way.
Indeed, the Ord River hydro power plant has enabled renewable energy to become the sole source of electricity for the region.
A hydro power plant was first envisioned for the Ord River region in 1963 but due to agricultural difficulties in the region, the right conditions didn't show themselves until 30 years later.
When it began generating power in 1997, The Ord hydro power plant was the largest private sector renewable energy project completed in Australia and was the recipient of an Engineering Excellence award in 1996.
The project provides base-load power delivered via its own 132 kV transmission network and remains the largest generator of renewable energy in Western Australia, generating over 212 GWh of emission-free energy each year which are purchased by Horizon Power and the Argyle Diamond Mine.
It is estimated that as many as 40,000 houses use the electricity created by the power station.


As promised, here are the recipes that made the chocolate sprinkle so chocolatey and delicious!
Prepare brownies and bake in the Wilton Brownie Mold....if you don't have one, you can use a mini muffin pan. You can definitely use your favorite brownie recipe from scratch, but I had so much to make I really didn't have time. Plus, I like Ghiardelli's brownie mix.
After they come out of the oven, let them cool a bit and transfer to a wire rack. Stick in the lollipop sticks. Let the brownies cool completely! Melt the chocolate chips in a double boiler until smooth. Dip your pops! Stick into a Styrofoam block to dry. Wipe off any dripping chocolate. Tie sticks with a cute ribbon and you are done! I transferred mine still in the styro block, it worked well that way.
This recipe is SO easy, and such a crowd pleaser! After making the mousse but before chilling in the refrigerator, I spooned the mousse into individual shot glasses. Then I chilled. It made for a great presentation! Recipe below.
Sprinkle gelatin over cold water in small bowl; let stand 2 minutes to soften. Add boiling water; stir until gelatin is completely dissolved and mixture is clear. Cool slightly.
Combine sugar and cocoa in large bowl; add whipping cream and vanilla. Beat on medium speed of mixer, scraping bottom of bowl occasionally, until mixture is stiff. Pour in gelatin mixture; beat until well blended. Spoon into dessert dishes.
Refrigerate at least 30 minutes. Garnish as desired. Store covered in refrigerator. 8 servings.
My friend Hillary made the Chocolate Balls.
These are EXCELLENT! The dark chocolate is very rich and you can taste the coffee flavor. Note about the Espresso Powder - I know there is Espresso Powder, but I can never find it. Whenever a recipe calls for coffee grounds or espresso powder, I use the Starbucks Via packs. It's Starbucks' version of the instant I like to keep those around in case I need coffee on the go - it's actually quite delicious!
These are super easy. Use chocolate chips or candy melts as the melted chocolate. Make sure put the chocolate in a tall glass so you can cover a good portion of the pretzel with chocolate when you dip it. I dried these in short cups with a plate underneath to catch the chocolate drippings. You can even embellish the chocolate with colored sprinkles as long as the chocolate is not dry yet. Salty and Sweet - yum!
Preheat the oven to 350 degrees. Butter two 8-inch round cake pans.
Line with parchment paper, then butter and flour the pans.
add the coffee and stir just to combine, scraping the bottom of the bowl with a rubber spatula.
then turn them out onto a cooling rack and cool completely.
Place one layer, flat side up, on a flat plate or cake pedestal.
spread the frosting evenly on the top and sides of the cake.
mixture and mix until blended. Don't whip! Spread immediately on the cooled cake.
To wash down all these chocolate treats, I made a chocolate cocktail that was quite delicious. It's an Emeril recipe, but I didn't use the walnut liquor. It sounded weird to me! It was fun to make because I got to use my cocktail shaker, which I don't use a lot. More of a wine gal. Whenever I use the shaker, I want to be like Mad Men and have cocktail hour in the afternoons....although I feel like that could bring trouble ha!
Combine the vodka and liqueurs in a cocktail shaker with ice, and shake for 30 seconds to combine.
Pour into 2 glasses over cracked ice. Top with chocolate, and serve.
Well there you have it. Enough chocolate to send you into a sugar coma. Enjoy!
i thought beatty's chocolate cake was some secret kunkle family recipe... you said that, didn't you?!
Wow! Love all the chocolaty goodness!


The Focusrite Scarlett 8i6 is an eight-input, six-output USB 2.0 audio interface with legendary sonic performance and unmatched flexibility at a truly affordable price. Two award-winning Focusrite preamps and a host of other I/O combine with the latest in mix control software to deliver seamless integration, excellent routing flexibility and rock-solid driver stability.
The two Focusrite preamps ensure low noise and distortion, whilst quality digital conversion ensures pristine quality as your audio flows between the analogue and digital domains. Combined with the very latest in USB interfacing technology, excellent routing flexibility and rock-solid driver stability, the Scarlett 8i6 is the heart of the modern home studio.
Included with the 8i6 is Scarlett MixControl, an 18 x 6 DSP mixer. Offering a level of flexibility that is unmatched at this price point, it enables you to create up to six separate mono mixes with ultra-low latency, then route any combination of input signals and sequencer outputs to any of the Scarlett 8i6 outputs, and recall intuitive one-click configurations that help you track, monitor and mix as quickly as possible.
The best sounding interface in its class. Focusrite's 25-year legacy forms the foundation of this new interface, with two phantom-powered preamps that each supply up to 60dB of gain.
Professional conversion and jitter-reduction technology guarantees pristine audio quality and solid synchronisation at sample rates up to 96kHz. A/D dynamic range of 109dB (A-weighted).
Dedicated headphone bus provides a fully customised monitor mix with a professional-feeling level control. A front panel volume dial provides immediate control over the main stereo outputs, and software PFL allows the mix engineer to easily monitor a single mixer channel or complete mix.
Provides an 18 x 6 DSP mixer with excellent routing flexibility, intuitive one-click configurations, and lower than 1.4ms latency.
Ships with Focusrite's Scarlett suite of EQ, compression, reverb and gating plug-ins, to bring a touch of class to your mixes. Also, a host of royalty-free loops and samples, a full-fledged soft synth and Ableton Live Lite 8, providing an affordable upgrade path to Ableton Live.


IT professionals and network administrations spend significant time and resources to address and successfully gain full network visibility. Insight into a network is critical when making IT purchasing decisions and troubleshooting. Networks administrators that can quickly assess network visibility can more quickly address problems and eliminate downtime.
New technologies are constantly emerging to meet business needs without sacrificing cost efficiency or speed. Therefore, today's networks are constantly changing, on demand, to meet application and service needs.
Telework Research Network reports that 20-30 million Americans will work from home at least once a week in 2013.With companies relying more and more on employees who work remotely, businesses are relying heavily on web access that allows personnel to access data from anywhere, anytime.
With the rise of the "bring your own device" (BYOD) trend, employees expect to have network access from their personal devices as well as business. According to an April 2013 Gartner report, an estimated 1.8 billion mobile phones will be sold this year, with the market growing slightly to 2.1 billion by 2017.The use of personal devices provides convenience, but can also lead to security risks and bandwidth bottlenecks. The network administrator must balance IT infrastructure security with user demands while managing more devices.
In many cases companies are using cloud environments to store their data. Gartner reports that global spending on public cloud services is expected to grow to $110.3 billion through 2016.As cloud computing and converged infrastructure reshape corporate data centers, network complexity increases and network administrators must carefully monitor and manage connectivity and WAN optimization.
Applications that are designed to foster collaboration and user productivity, such as real-time data, social networks, VoIP or unified communications, are bandwidth hogs with high potential to disrupt the performance of other business-critical applications. As more of these applications are incorporated into a network, IT professionals need to carefully review network bandwidth usage and requirements to ensure uptime of all applications.
With better awareness of these trends, network administrators can determine if such scenarios are in place within their IT environments to then identify the tools and strategies to gain network visibility regardless of complexity. For more information on the current trends affecting network complexity and best practices for visibility, download Dell's complimentary complete whitepaper: "Visualizing Network Health: How to Drive Visibility into Complex Infrastructures".


E-bike rental mountain sun The Appartement Bergsonne is located in a quiet, central and sunny location in Bichling. Not only guests of the Movelo apartment can rent bicycles here. Also holidaymakers, who do not stay in the Apartment Bergsonne can use this service.


Gucci Ophidia Brown Monogram Soft GG Supreme Large Tote Bag. Brown monogram canvas with brown leather trim, suede lined interior, and removable monogram zippered pouch. Gold GG logo at front, double strap handles, red and green web stripe. Excellent clean pre-owned condition with a 1.25" scratch at bottom right and some light wear to corners (as pictured). Includes duster, care card, fabric swatch. Measures about 16 x 17 x 2.25".


Image Title: JOHN L SHAPED COUCHES Furniture 101 For Shaped Couches Remodel 13. Filename: john-l-shaped-couches-furniture-101-for-shaped-couches-remodel-13.jpg. Image Dimension: 800 x 600 pixels. Images Format: jpg/jpeg. Publisher/Author: Sigrid Zemlak. Uploaded Date: Saturday - April 28th. 2018 13:00:30 PM. Category: Architecture. Image Source: hgtv.com.
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Tag: SRI
The System of Rice Intensification and Its International Community of Practice
By Erika Styger, Patterns of Commoning
SRI is open-source. It does not belong to anyone, but is shared as a commons. Nobody "owns" either SRI theory or practice.
Food & agriculture – Jan 23
By Resilience.org Staff, Resilience.org
• From farm to table • Namu Gagi: San Francisco's Natural Farm Restaurant • UK faces food security catastrophe as honeybee numbers fall, scientists warn • Five ways SRI practices and ideas can help "feed the world"
How millions of farmers are advancing agriculture for themselves
By Jonathan Latham, OurWorld 2.0
The world record yield for paddy rice production is not held by an agricultural research station or by a large-scale farmer from the United States, but by a farmer in the state of Bihar in northern India. Sumant Kumar, who has a farm of just two hectares in Darveshpura village, holds a record yield of 22.4 tons per hectare, from a one-acre plot. This feat was achieved with what is known as the System of Rice Intensification (SRI).


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Home>Uncategorised posts>Agent provocateur
Uncategorised posts
David RowleyOctober 22, 2015 | 11.16am
Paul Smith, the Hong Kong based chief executive of the Global CFA Society is on an evangelical mission to change the culture within the investment industry. Not only is he looking to curb the frequency of excess behaviour that leaves the public cynical of high paid finance professionals, but he is a persuasive advocate for change that can lead to improved investment outcomes. At the heart of the problem, he believes, is an industry that is led by people who look like himself – white, middle class, middle-aged – who grew up in a developed world country with access to good education. Unless this demographic changes then reform is less likely: "We are from the same backgrounds, we incentivise them in the same way and yet we are expecting different outcomes," he says.
Smith is informed by perspectives gained from working in China, where savings are more crucial to lives owing to a less generous welfare system and the outcomes more precarious owing to less established financial providers and products. It has given him a stronger sense of the importance of customer outcomes.
"In the developed world you lose our moorings. It is a very self centred industry that focuses on itself, where a lot of financial activity is not geared towards any economic end and where organisations have forgotten what they are in the business to do, which is to serve the clients," he says.
Service before profit
One of the more surprising comments uttered by Smith is his bluntness that the finance industry should not focus on profit maximisation; his point being that the client's needs should come first, not the needs of those investing on behalf of the clients.
"We are stewards of other people's wealth, we should not think of our end client as someone we can make money out of, we should think of ourselves as a fiduciary and a steward of their interests and of someone who is trying to deliver a professional service to them," he says. "If we cannot prove ourselves to be professionally orientated then I fear that regulation comes in to take up the slack because government realises that what we do is important that we are our fiduciaries of other people's money."
The dangers of not acting are already visible, he says, in the way individuals are already bypassing traditional finance products and services to buy property, ETFs or to use robo-advice, but he admits, the challenge will be hard. "I think our industry has the head in sands when it comes to that," he says.
He advocates the finance industry focusing around the idea of selling a service with an outcome, similar to goals of the medical profession and that this should be done honestly and transparently.
"To help people help accomplish their retirement goals I should not be making fees from burying things in those products that you do not know about," he says.
Another step on this change in mindset is reengineering incentives. He would like to see companies explore the idea of giving incentives for ethical behaviour, rather than just meeting or exceeding financial targets.
To achieve such outcomes, the CFA wants its members to be agents for change within their companies, rather than just to see their qualification as simply a path to a good career. For this the CFA has developed a set of ethical frameworks for its members to apply in their workplaces and has urged its members to do such acts on a voluntary basis, rather than for payment.
"Members should ask 'how do I make the business I am working in to be a better steward of people's money' and 'how can we use the tools to transform the ethical culture within our business'," he says.
Smith see greater gender and ethnic diversity as central to this change. For this the CFA has undertaken research on how the recruitment processes is structured, from the way adverts are written for jobs, the way interviews are conducted and the criteria used for promotion. One finding is that men are far more likely to apply for a job for which they do not meet all the stated criteria than women.
"Greater gender diversity is good for the member outcome, because the more rounded the team that is thinking about the investment problems the more likely you are to get a solution," he says. "It is not about women being more or less risk takers, but if you put people of different backgrounds together they are likely to come up with a better decision, than if you have five people who all look the same and think the same."
Smith also draws parallels with the last financial crisis and the look of those running the industry. "If we want to change the outputs we have to change the inputs. If we continue to hire pale, male and stale then you are going to get the same results."
chief executive, Global CFA Society, Hong Kong, Paul Smith
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Former Federal Reserve governor Randall Kroszner argues crypto assets are mislabelled as "currencies", and said digital currencies like China's digital Renminbi could one day challenge the primacy of the US dollar, in a wide-ranging conversation.
Ben HurleyJune 9, 2022
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Invest in line with how old you feel
How old do you feel? Academics at Maastricht argue that not only our true age but also our subjective age should be integrated into designing and marketing financial products and services like target date funds and pension products.
Thomas PostFebruary 10, 2020
Tough 2020 for Canadian funds: Aon
Now that we're in the midst of 2020, it might be easy for investors to forget how big a turnaround 2019 actually was for financial markets. One way to look at it is through the Aon Median Solvency Ratio, a quarterly survey that gauges the financial health of an important slice of the institutional investor community, Canadian defined benefit pension plans. Erwan Pirou, Canada CIO for Aon asks whether markets – and, by extension, pension plan solvency – can stage a repeat performance in 2020.
Erwan PirouFebruary 7, 2020
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Discussion in 'New Member Introductions - Site Assistance' started by johnh, Aug 7, 2011.
Just found this forum & found a mass of helpful info, especially re: traveling in Italy with an iPad. I'm planning on leaving the MacBook at home.
I have been following the thread on navigation apps. Has anyone used the Navmii Italy GPS HD? I don't want to rely on a mobile signal in Sicily & don't wish to spend $90 for Tom Tom Western Europe when I have no immediate plans beyond my trip in September.


NEW YORK – Dec. 16, 2014 – Playdots Inc. ("Dots"), developer of the breakout mobile gaming hits, Dots: A Game About Connecting and TwoDots, announced today that it has finalized its first round of capital investment to accelerate the advancement of its franchise.
In a Series A funding round co-led by Tencent and Greycroft Partners, Dots raised $10M from a range of venture capitalists around the world, including Northzone and CrunchFund. They are joined by an Alphaworks syndicate that includes Slow Ventures, Li Ruigang, Susan Lyne, and a diverse assembly of other notable investors and game industry executives.
In the past year and a half, Dots has grown from a modest art-inspired puzzle game built by co-founder and CCO, Patrick Moberg, to a growing NYC-based games studio with the ambition to stand alongside the gaming titans of the world. The Dots and TwoDots games have an install base of over 45 million players around the world.
Dots will release further information about its upcoming plans and projects in 2015. Dots and TwoDots are available as free downloads for the iPhone, iPad, and Android devices.
Dots builds unique games with thoughtful design. The studio's first game, Dots: A Game About Connecting, garnered a massive and loyal following since its launch in 2013 by Patrick Moberg and Paul Murphy at the startup studio, betaworks. More recently, the studio launched TwoDots, which shot to the top of the charts hours after it launched. Dots and TwoDots are available as free downloads for the iPhone, iPad, and Android devices. You can learn more about Dots by following @playdots on Twitter, @iseedots on Instagram, liking www.facebook.com/playdots on Facebook and visiting the Dots website: www.weplaydots.com.


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The world through dad's eyes
By Matt Adams, June 16, 2017
Seventy-eight years ago, Denver Flight Attendant Lynn Schoenemann's father, Wolfgang "Bill" Schoenemann, embarked on his first overseas voyage against a terrifying and tragic backdrop.
Six-year-old Bill left Hamburg, Germany, with his mother and father in May of 1939 alongside more than 900 other German Jews aboard the S.S. St. Louis. Like all of those on board, the Schoenemanns gave up everything dear to them – their homes, their livelihoods, connection to family – in order to escape the violent anti-Semitism that was taking root in Nazi Germany.
Ostensibly, the St. Louis was to transport its passengers to Havana, where they were to receive asylum. Unbeknownst to them as they steamed westward across the Atlantic, they would never set foot on Cuban soil; instead, the group was turned away at Havana's harbor, victims of a Nazi propaganda ploy. The fortunate ones, Bill and his parents included, found refuge in the United Kingdom. Many others, approximately 600 of the passengers, ended up back in Germany or in the Nazi-controlled areas of France, Belgium and the Netherlands, where a much darker fate awaited.
"As Father's Day approaches, I often consider how lucky I am to have ever been conceived," Lynn said. "My father is one of a diminishing group of Holocaust survivors. No other Schoenemann family member survived as far as we know."
Bill immigrated to the U.S. as a young man, where he became a successful engineer in California's Silicon Valley. It wasn't until after retirement that he discovered a passion for travel – a hobby that immediately attracted Lynn.
"Watching slideshows from his trips planted a seed in me that grew into a love of travel, spawning a 23-year flying career at United," she said. "When I was interviewing for this job, I thought about all of the places he had seen and knew that I wanted to have that same opportunity, while also indulging my passion for the hospitality industry."
In speaking with Bill, it's easy to find yourself bitten by the travel bug, too. "One of the goals I set for myself was to get to over 100 countries," Bill said, "and my wife and I turned out to be really great adventurers. We loved Africa the most, seeing the animals out in nature. To have a giraffe lean over you or a rhino charge past you with her baby, or to watch a lion sprint by, those are incredible experiences."
Though his five children were young and unable to accompany him on many of his journeys, he tried to pass on those experiences to them through the vivid photographs that he took. "I wanted to share that excitement with them," he recalled. "Seeing the world expands your horizons, but it also lets you appreciate what you have here in the U.S. You look at other people in a different light; it helps you understand them better."
And, finally, almost eight decades after his first trip over the Atlantic, Bill got the chance to walk the streets of Havana when he visited Cuba last year.
"My father set the bar high for rising above life's challenges and succeeding," said Lynn. "On Father's Day, I will make sure I tell him how much I appreciate him showing me the world through his eyes from an early age. I owe this wondrous career to him. I love you, Dad, on Father's Day and every other day."


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The Rare Breed Survival Trust has five criteria for rare breeds, based upon how many registered breeding females there are left. The criteria vary for each type of animal. Critical - less than 150 breeding cows left Endangered - 150 to 250 breeding cows left Vulnerable - 250 to 450 breeding cows lef
The Rare Breed Survival Trust has five criteria for rare breeds, based upon how many registered breeding females there are left. The criteria vary for each type of animal.
Critical – less than 150 breeding cows left
Endangered – 150 to 250 breeding cows left
Vulnerable – 250 to 450 breeding cows left
At Risk – 450 to 750 breeding cows left
Minority – 750 to 1500 breeding cows left
NB: A cow is a female who has had a calf and she is called a heifer before she has had a calf. Adult males are called bulls.
Please note: Some of our animals are not on display in the paddocks outside during the colder months, because they may have been moved to our winter paddocks where there is more shelter available, or into our undercover Animal Barn to keep warm (where they are still on display for our visitors to see).
Our visitors can see sheep, goats, pigs, donkeys, rabbits and guinea pigs in the Undercover Animal Barn at all times, including a variety of rare breeds and very often their young too!
To ensure that we are still able to offer value to our visitors, whilst some of our animals have been moved, we do offer a jam-packed Animal Activity and Demonstration Programme for our visitors to take part in.
British White Cow
How rare are they?
With only 750 to 1500 registered breeding cows, the British White is in the Minority Class.
Where does the British White Cow come from?
British White Cows have direct links with the ancient wild white cattle of Great Britain, notably from the park at Whalley Abbey in Lancashire. They date back to the sixteenth century.
Why have them at Odds Farm Park?
The British White Cows at Odds Farm Park are all in our active breeding program.
How would children identify a British White Cow?
No surprises here! Children on a day out can identify British White Cows by their white hair (although unusually they have black skin underneath). Their ears, muzzle, eyelids, feet and teats, have black, or occasionally brownish-red, points.
Cows are amazing. Children, did you know?
A cow does not bite the grass but curls her tongue around it and cows eat about 90 pounds of nutritious food a day. This is equivalent in weight to 206 baked potatoes or 1440 slices of bread!
Belted Galloway Cow
Belted Galloway Cows are no longer classified as a rare breed. Following the foot and mouth crisis of the early 2000's their numbers were devastated, however, since then the breed has recovered and they were removed from The Rare Breed Survival Trust watch list in 2007.
Where does the Belted Galloway Cow come from?
Belted Galloways were first officially recorded in 1852 and originated on the exposed uplands of Galloway in Scotland. Whilst the origin of the white belt around their mid-riff is unknown, it's generally assumed they were cross bred with Dutch Belted cattle.
In the early 2000's, Odds Farm Park helped to boost their numbers. Today, they remain at Odds Farm Park for their distinctive appearance.
How would children identify a Belted Galloway Cow?
On a day out, the Belted Galloway Cows are very easy to spot for children. They are black or dun from head to toe, apart from a thick white strip that encircles their entire body.
A cow can weigh between 1400-2000 pounds or 636-909 kilos – about the size of 10 grown men.
The Highland Cow is not a rare breed.
Where does the Highland Cow come from?
The Highland breed of cattle was developed in Western Scotland. Written records go back to the 18th Century, but it is thought the breed were around before this time.
Whilst not rare, the appearance of Highland Cattle makes them the UK's most distinctive breed for children to see. They are bound to fall in love with them!
How would children identify a Highland Cow?
Children can identify Highland Cattle at Odds Farm Park by their long, thick, shaggy coat of rich ginger hair and their majestic sweeping horns. They look extremely cuddly and shouldn't be missed on a day out. At Odds Farm Park we have a mother and daughter.
Cows drink between 25-50 gallons of water each day. That's nearly a bathtub full!
Jersey Cows are not classed as rare.
Where does the Jersey Cow come from?
There are no prizes for guessing that the Jersey Cow was originally bred within the Channel Island of Jersey. It descended from cattle stock brought over from France and was first recorded as a separate breed around 1700.
Jersey Cows have a very gentle nature and are used for the Cow Milking Demonstrations at Odds Farm Park, a great activity for children to watch on their day out. Jersey cows are recognised for their superior quality milk.
How would children identify a Jersey Cow?
During a day out, children can identify Jersey Cows by their light brown silky coat. They also have the most amazing beautiful dark eyes.
An average cow that is milked twice daily produces about ten gallons of milk a day. It takes about 1.5 gallons of milk to make one gallon of ice cream!


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BLE Frequently Asked Questions
What is Bluetooth Low Energy?
Bluetooth Low Energy is a wireless protocol introduced in 2010 to enable quick and easy connection between devices and smartphones. It also allows creating device to device connections without smartphones, but has been used to connect appcessories to iPhones, for example. BLE can connect:
Smartphones such as iPhone and Android devices to BLE devices such as smartwatches
BLE device to BLE devices. For example, a Garage Door opener can connect to a BLE garage remote
Are Bluetooth Low Energy and Classic compatible?
Although Bluetooth Classic and BLE share some common components, they are not compatible. Rather, they work side by side. A BLE radio can't connect to a Bluetooth radio unless that Bluetooth radio supports BLE (called Dual Mode).
What are Beacons and iBeacons?
Beacons are BLE devices that transmit standard packets. Devices that are nearby like smartphones can receive these packets and trigger events. For example, Beacons are used in retail stores to help the user interact and provide custom offers.
Why should I use BLE instead of Bluetooth Classic?
BLE has several advantages compared to Bluetooth Classic. It is much lower power, up to 100x lower consumption, can connect quickly, has wide support, and can communicate data to iPhones without the need to create an MFI compatible device.
What kind of range can I expect from BLE?
BLE can be used from a few feet of range to over a 1km, depending on design and features used, antenna, RF design and environmental conditions.
How many devices can I connect in BLE?
BLE uses a Master (Central) and Slave(Peripheral) topology where a Central can connect to multiple peripherals. Centrals can connect to multiple devices and it's possible to connect 20 peripherals to one Central. There are limitations depending on memory, timing and other aspects which are application specific, but the limit is typically practical in nature. A device can be a Central and Peripheral device simultaneously as well.
How do I power BLE devices?
Because BLE is a protocol designed for low power, BLE based products can use anything from Coin Cells, Alkaline, Lithium Ion or practically any power source. The current draw in the microamps make it also possible to use energy harvesting.
How fast is BLE?
BLE can achieve a data rate slightly over 1.2Mb/s in practice, but the actual data rate depends on factors like the signal level, interference, radio PHY, and implementation.
What Certifications will my BLE device need?
BLE radios are RF transceivers, so you will need to get FCC (US) IC (Canada), CE (Europe) or applicable certification for the countries where the device will be used or sold. You will also need to get an End Listing with the Bluetooth Special Interest Group.
Can I stream Audio over BLE?
Before the adoption Bluetooth 5.2 specification, BLE was limited in its ability to stream audio. This was usually done using custom implementations The audio would be compressed to reduce the data rate and usually didn't need real time low latency. For example, TV Voice Remotes commonly use BLE to transmit the request when you press the button. However, streaming quality audio was not possible. With the introduction of Bluetooth 5.2, Audio streaming over BLE is possible, although the specifications are still in progress at the time of this writing.
What is Bluetooth 5.0?
Bluetooth 5.0 is a Bluetooth Specification adopted which introduced several new features and capabilities to increase the speed and throughput of BLE.
Bluetooth 5.0 is a Bluetooth Specification adopted which introduced primarily the Location capability, allowing devices to use Angle of Arrival (AoA) or Angle of Departure (AoD) to locate devices physically and enable Real Time Location Services (RTLS).
Bluetooth 5.0 is a Bluetooth Specification adopted which introduced LE Audio, the ability to stream audio over Bluetooth LE (previously supported only by Bluetooth Classic), as well as GATT enhancements and several other improvements.
Do I still need to use Bluetooth Classic?
If your main application is audio or voice, Bluetooth Classic is still the best option because it's widely supported. For example, a Car Hands Free system doesn't support BLE and you need Bluetooth Classic. BLE can augment products by letting you configure them using an app, for example.
Will my device need a custom iPhone or Android app?
In most cases yes. Talking to a BLE device is usually done via an app that's programmed to do so. The exception is if you're not communicating with Smartphones or tablets and are using embedded systems.
What is the difference between Bluetooth Classic and Bluetooth Low Energy?
Bluetooth Classic is used to connect headsets, speakers and other audio devices to smartphones and tablets. BLE is used mainly to exchanged data. Bluetooth Classic can also exchange data, but BLE is quickly replacing it because it's lower power, lower cost and faster to connect. Bluetooth Classic can be used to connect many devices, even if it's not as good as BLE
Is BLE Secure?
The Bluetooth specification provides for security using authentication and encryption which protects data. This security features need to be enabled. Devices before Bluetooth 4.2 are generally insecure because of the algorithms used.
Introduction to Bluetooth Low Energy
Maximizing BLE Range
A Guide to Selecting a Bluetooth Chipset
A BLE Advertising Primer
Ultimate Guide to Debugging Bluetooth Smart / BLE Products
Bluetooth Expertise at your fingertips
With almost a decade of Bluetooth and BLE development expertise, we've built every kind of product and helped Startups and Fortune 500 companies get their products done.


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Begging for an NFL Spot Hasn't Worked Yet — but That Hasn't Stopped Anyone From Trying
By Claire McNear Jun 10, 2016, 2:03pm EDT
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Boston Globe via Getty Images
Anthony Wallace has been standing outside the Cowboys' practice facility in Irving, Texas, every day for two weeks. The former North Texas linebacker is holding a sign: "An opportunity is all I need. I promise you won't regret it."
Wallace joins the ranks of many other athletes who have recently stationed themselves outside NFL facilities with handmade signs to try to land spots on rosters. Starting in April and as late as June 1, former UMass Dartmouth receiver Abiola Aborishade stood outside Gillette Stadium with a sign, making a similar plea to the Patriots. Texas Southern's Joe Anderson held court outside the Texans' NRG Stadium last fall, already dressed in workout clothes ("Not homeless … but STARVING for success!!!"), while Towson's Monte Gaddis waited outside Browns HQ ("Starving for my 1st shot. Why not?").
It's a nice story, even if it hasn't exactly borne fruit: After news of Anderson's efforts blew up on social media, the Jets signed him to their practice squad (he was released in May); the others remain free agents. Over the course of Wallace's vigil, Cowboys scouts have approached him to explain that they have no space at the linebacker position. Still, the idea of wanting a chance so badly that you'll beg for it for weeks on end is heartening. Who doesn't want to see a guy like that get the opportunity to prove his mettle? That's the kind of thing studios make movies about.
But there's also a tipping point with stories like this, and as the tales of young guys standing outside stadiums with heartfelt, just-threw-this-together signs pile up, it's hard not to think that there's a cynical calculation going on behind the scenes. Social media hasn't just made it easier for athletes to get in touch with teams and coaches — it's made it easier for those athletes' quests to go viral, bringing the full force of the internet down on teams, 100,000 Facebook commenters popping up to say, Just let him play, coach.
Is it wrong, though, for these players to know which buttons to push and which levers to pull to steer the internet content machine? Of course not. If you're an athlete sitting at home, watching your dream slip away — why shouldn't you do whatever you can to grab onto it?
Remember: The process of making it to the NFL isn't fair. Maybe you didn't go to the right school. Maybe you can't afford an agent. Maybe you had a bad day in front of a scout. Maybe the world you grew up in kept you from ever getting in front of a scout at all. Who wins and who loses — who gets to be rich and famous, and who goes home, gets a normal job, and talks about their glory days playing college ball: So much of that stuff is capricious. You can be talented and good and kind and work your ass off and never have anyone notice. But if you can summon a winning smile and the right message, the internet might.
It seems likely that we're just seeing the beginning of athletes deploying social media to break through to teams: other players have successfully used Twitter to argue for, and win, roster spots. Wallace is an early adopter of the sign-holding strategy, and it isn't a bad bet to expect more stadium vigils — and more Instagram-optimized pleas — to come.


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2016 U.S. 83 in Leakey is First RCC Federal Highway built in U.S.
In October 2016, TxDOT constructed the first U.S. Highway (US 83) using roller-compacted concrete pavement. The construction consisted of mainlanes and shoulders on US 83 and RR 337, including the intersection. The RCC for the 50,000 square yard project was placed in 3 weeks, under full traffic, including significant heavy truck traffic from aggegrate quarries to the South. The RCC was placed on an in-place cement-stabilized reclaimed base that provided a traffic surface while the RCC was placed in adjacent lanes. Most of the RCC pavement was opened to traffic after only a few days; some was opened in 24 hours.
2014 Lamesa Rd. RCC Construction, Midland
Over 60 road agency officials, engineers and construction professionals from TxDOT and West Texas cities/counties gathered at two open houses (June 10 and 11, 2014), to view the reconstruction of Midland's Lamesa Road with roller compacted concrete. The Cement Council of Texas and Reece Albert Inc. hosted the event, which included overview presentations and a site visit to the RCC production plant and the Lamesa paving operation.


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Jenni Laitiainen - 17.11.2020
JAMKO's board for 2021 has been chosen
The student union JAMKO's board for the year 2021 has been chosen in the Representative Council's organizing meeting on November 16th, 2020. In addition to the chairpersons, the board for 2021 will consist of 9 people.
The Representatives Council chose 3rd-year student Niklas Sillander as the chairperson of the Representatives Council for 2021. Sillander studies information and communication technology and has previously worked as a tutoring responsible and the harassment contact person at his study field student association JIO.
The vice chairperson of the Representatives Council for 2021 will be Teemu Heikkilä, who is an information technology student and has worked as an event responsible in JAMKO's board in 2020.
The Representatives Council chose Stella Palassalo to become the chairperson of the JAMKO board for 2021. Palassalo is a student of music pedagogy and has worked as JAMKO's peer tutoring responsible in 2020.
1st-year business student Janita Hietala was chosen as the vice chairperson of the JAMKO board. In 2020, Hietala has been an event responsible in the JAMKO board.
The following people were chosen to the board of JAMKO for 2021:
Jere Hekkurainen, business
Antti Härkönen, business
Tekla Kervola, sociology
Miia Siemssen, health care
Antony Smal, information technology
Moona Taavitsainen, information and communication technology
Anna Zhuravleva, international business
Siiri Ihalainen, business
Mea Tuominen, business
The lineup of the representatives council that was elected in the election of November 4th changes slightly as a result of the forming of the board and the selection of the chairpersons. Stella Palassalo, who was chosen as the chairperson of the board, will be replaced in the representatives council by vice member Jani Tervo. The new vice chairperson of the board will be replaced in the representatives council by vice member Ida Koukka. In addition, three members of the representatives council elected on November 4th were chosen for the JAMKO Board: Jere Hekkurainen, Siiri Ihalainen and Antti Härkönen. They will be replaced by vice members Sini Karvonen, Eemeli Saukkola and Vadim Shestunov.
The student representatives to JAMK's working groups and the board of JAMK Oy will be selected in the representative council's meeting on December 2nd. The application period for the working groups is still open here. The term of the new board and working groups begins in January 2021.
Participate in the pre-Christmas competition and win a Christmas basket!
The JAMKO board has organized for 2021


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SAG Awards 2015 nominations: Leonardo DiCaprio, Bryan Cranston, Helen Mirren among top nods
By Nicole Lyn Pesce
And the nominees are ....
Helen Mirren and Idris Elba topped the list of outstanding performances with three nominations each for the 22nd annual Screen Actors Guild Awards.
Mirren's "Trumbo" costars Bryan Cranston and Louis C.K. were on her heels with two nominations apiece, while Leonardo DiCaprio slipped into the best actor running for his role on "The Revenant."
Anna Faris and Anthony Mackie revealed the nominees on Wednesday at the Pacific Design Center in West Hollywood, including five motion picture categories and eight television categories. Carol Burnett will get the group's 52nd annual "Life Achievement Award" when the guild holds its annual fete on Jan. 30 on TBS and TNT.
HOW SAG NOMINATIONS PREDICT OSCAR NODS
SAG nominations are a strong indicator of which actors will also get Oscar nods. Last year, for example, 17 of the 20 SAG Award nominees were also nominated for the Oscar. And both awards shows crowned the same four winners in 2014, including Eddie Redmayne and Julianne Moore for best actor and actress, and J.K Simmons and Patricia Arquette for best supporting actor and actress.
FULL LIST OF 22nd ANNUAL SCREEN ACTORS GUILD AWARDS NOMINATIONS
Bryan Cranston, "Trumbo"
Johnny Depp, "Black Mass"
Leonardo DiCaprio, "The Revenant"
Michael Fassbender, "Steve Jobs"
Eddie Redmayne, "The Danish Girl"
Cate Blanchett, "Carol"
Leonardo DiCaprio in "The Revenant." (20th Century Fox)
Brie Larson, "Room"
Helen Mirren, "Woman in Gold"
Saoirse Ronan, "Brooklyn"
Sarah Silverman, "I Smile Back"
Christian Bale, "The Big Short"
Idris Elba, "Beasts of No Nation"
Mark Rylance, "Bridge of Spies"
Michael Shannon, "99 Homes"
Jacob Tremblay, "Room"
Rooney Mara, "Carol"
Rachel McAdams, "Spotlight"
Cate Blanchett got the Best Acrtress nod for "Carol." (WILSON WEBB)
Helen Mirren, "Trumbo"
Alicia Vikander, "The Danish Girl"
Kate Winslet, "Steve Jobs"
Ensemble cast award
"Beasts of No Nation"
"The Big Short"
"Spotlight"
"Straight Outta Compton"
"Trumbo"
TV Awards
Best actor in a movie or miniseries
Idris Elba, "Luther"
Ben Kingsley, "Tut"
Ray Liotta, "Texas Rising"
Kate Winslet picked up a Best Supporting Actress nod for "Steve Jobs." (Gilbert Carrasquillo/FilmMagic)
Bill Murray, "A Very Murray Christmas"
Mark Rylance, "Wolf Hall"
Best actress in a movie or miniseries
Nicole Kidman, "Grace of Monaco"
Queen Latifah, "Bessie"
Christina Ricci, "The Lizzie Borden Chronicles"
Susan Sarandon, "The Secret Life of Marilyn Monroe"
Kristen Wiig, "The Spoils Before Dying"
Best actor in a drama series
Peter Dinklage, "Game of Thrones"
Jon Hamm, "Mad Men"
Rami Malek, "Mr. Robot"
Bob Odenkirk, "Better Call Saul"
Michael Fassbender scored a Best Actor nom for "Steve Jobs." (Universal Pictures via YouTube)
Kevin Spacey, "House of Cards"
Best actress in a drama series
Claire Danes, "Homeland"
Viola Davis, "How to Get Away With Murder"
Julianna Margulies, "The Good Wife"
Maggie Smith, "Downton Abbey"
Robin Wright, "House of Cards"
Best actor in a comedy series
Ty Burrell, "Modern Family"
Louis C.K., "Louie"
William H. Macy, "Shameless"
Jim Parsons, "The Big Bang Theory"
Jeffrey Tambor, "Transparent"
Rooney Mara in "Carol." (Courtesy of The Weinstein Company)
Best actress in a comedy series
Uzo Aduba, "Orange is the New Black"
Edie Falco, "Nurse Jackie"
Ellie Kemper, "Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt"
Julia Louis-Dreyfus, Veep
Amy Poehler, "Parks and Recreation"
Best cast in a drama series
"Downton Abbey"
"Game of Thrones"
"Homeland"
"House of Cards"
Best cast in a comedy series
"The Big Bang Theory"
Eddie Redmayne in "The Danish Girl." (Agatha A. Nitecka)
"Key & Peele"
"Modern Family"
"Orange is the New Black"
"Transparent"
"Veep"
Best stunt ensemble in a movie
"Everest"
"Furious 7"
"Jurassic World"
"Mad Max: Fury Road"
"Mission: Impossible — Rogue Nation"
Best stunt ensemble in a comedy or drama series on TV
"The Blacklist"
"Marvel's Daredevil"
"The Walking Dead"


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Reliance is India's most-visible corporate in media: Wizikey report
By PTI | Dec 20, 2021, 05:55 PM IST (Updated)
Reliance Industries Ltd topped 2021 Wizikey News Score ranking as India's most-visible corporate in the media. Reliance is ranked at No.8 on the global ranking. The score is determined by the volume of news, headlines presence, reach of publications, and readership.
Reliance Industries Ltd, India's largest corporate by revenues, profits and market value, topped 2021 Wizikey News Score ranking as India's most-visible corporate in the media. State Bank of India (SBI) is a close second on the ranking, followed by Bharti Airtel, Infosys and Tata Motors, according to Wizikey's News Score Report.
Wizikey's News Score is the industry's first integrated metric that measures news visibility. The score is determined by the volume of news, headlines presence, reach of publications, and readership. Globally, Facebook is ranked No.1 on the index, followed by Alphabet Inc, which owns Google. Amazon is ranked at No.3 followed by Apple Inc, Samsung Electronics, Netflix and Microsoft. Reliance is ranked at No.8 on the global ranking.
Others on the India list include HDFC at No.6, followed by HDFC Bank, TCS, Maruti Suzuki India, Vodafone Idea and ICICI Bank. NTPC is the highest-ranked state-owned firm on the list, coming in at No.13. The recognition to Reliance comes on the back of Exchange4Media Group's recognition recently to the billionaire Mukesh Ambani-led group as one of India's Brands with Best In-house Communications Professionals 2021.
The role of a vibrant and savvy corporate communications team is important in ensuring media visibility for any company. Wizikey's News Score is the world's first standardised metric to measure news visibility for brands and individuals using artificial intelligence, big data, machine learning and media intelligence.
The News Score takes into account various key criteria like the volume of news, headlines presence, the reach of publications, readership and the like, according to Wizikey. The score ranges from 0 to 100, and is based on monitoring of over 5,000 publications.
For its No.11 position, Reliance has a News Score of 84.9 for 2021. Facebook, Alphabet, Amazon and Apple are the only companies globally with a score above 90. Reliance's News Score excludes standalone headline mentions of 'Jio'.
In 2021, Reliance was in news not just for its corporate moves such as detailing a multi-billion dollar green energy road map, the start of gas fields in the KG basin, the launch of affordable smartphone JiPhone Next and the start of fuel retailing under the Jio-bp brand, it also made news about its philanthropic initiatives including in the fight against COVID-19.
Wizikey in a separate report 'Hottest Startups of 2021' identified the top-200 most influential start-ups in India across sectors such as fintech, edtech, B2B e-commerce, enterprise tech and logistics, with crypto start-ups making their debut. As per the report, Ola, Dream11, Swiggy, OYO, Ola Electric, BharatPe, Byju's, CRED, MobiKwik, Unacademy emerged as the top-10 Hottest Startups of 2021 based on the ranking by Wizikey's News Score of each brand that analyses news in terms of volume, headline grabs, the unique reach of media publications, and readership.
Commenting on this year's report, Anshul Sushil, co-founder and CEO of Wizikey said, "The idea was to help brands understand where they stand in terms of their visibility with our metric News Score. This single standard metric helps measure PR (public relations) and communications. This report is a reflection of the year that went by."
Network18, the parent company of CNBCTV18.com, is controlled by Independent Media Trust, of which Reliance Industries is the sole beneficiary.
First Published: Dec 20, 2021, 05:50 PM IST
Wizikey


His voice has filled the Airwaves around the Southwest for over 30 years & has been heard by millions. If you've watched the Selena music video for Dreaming of You then you've heard his voice. Listen as we discuss the ups and down of pursuing a Career in Radio, something Charlie says he still feels extremely passionate about. Assistant Program Director/On-Air 3p-7p Mon-Fri 94.5 KOOL FM. Originally from Milwaukee, Wisconsin and have lived in California, Texas, and now Arizona.


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Caleb Skeath
Theodore J. Karch
Inside Privacy
Communications, Media & Internet
Financial Institutions & Banking
California Bill Would Mandate Expedient Software Updates for Credit Bureaus
Following the Equifax data breach in 2017, there has been heightened awareness surrounding how credit reporting agencies handle consumers' personal information. At the same time, recent high-profile attacks, such as the "WannaCry" ransomware attacks, have focused media and regulatory attention on vulnerabilities associated with unpatched systems. In response to these two concerns, on January 10, a bill was introduced in the California legislature that would amend existing law regulating the cybersecurity practices of consumer credit reporting agencies (CRAs) specifically as they relate to vulnerability patching.
AB 1859 would add provisions requiring CRAs to update software vulnerabilities in certain circumstances. Namely, if the CRA knows or reasonably should know that one of its computer systems is subject to a vulnerability and knows or reasonably should know that a software update is available to address that vulnerability, the CRA must apply the software update expediently, "in keeping with industry best practices," but in any case within 10 days after becoming aware of the vulnerability and the available software update.
The bill would also create a private right of action for California residents whose personal information was acquired by a breach caused, in whole or in part, by a violation of the software update provisions described above. Moreover, it would allow residents to recover civil penalties for "willful, intentional, or reckless" violations of the software update provisions.
At first blush, by mandating a particular security practice in one specific industry sector, the language of AB 1859 appears to be a departure from the traditional risk-based regulatory approach that encourages organizations to adopt "reasonable" security best practices tailored to their cyber risks without mandating more specific cybersecurity requirements. Notably, however, in 2016 the California Office of the Attorney General adopted a more prescriptive approach to regulating the cybersecurity practices of companies doing business in California. Specifically, in its 2016 Data Breach Report, the Attorney General stated that the list of twenty Critical Security Controls ("CSC") developed by the Center for Internet Security ("CIS") "define a minimum level of information security" that all organizations that collect or maintain personal information about California residents should meet. Most importantly, in light of the requirement under California law to implement and maintain reasonable security practices, the report stated that a "failure to implement all the [c]ontrols that apply to an organization's environment constitutes a lack of reasonable security." See 2016 Data Breach Report (emphasis added). Included among the CSC controls is Control 4, "Continuous Vulnerability Assessment and Remediation," which requires regular scanning for vulnerabilities and the adoption of proactive patching processes. Moreover, California law already provides a private cause of action for damages by customers injured by a company's failure to "implement and maintain reasonable security procedures and practices" in violation of California Civil Code Section 1798.81.5.
The bill is currently set for hearing in committee on February 10.
© 2023 Covington & Burling LLPNational Law Review, Volume VIII, Number 17
Caleb Skeath advises clients on a broad range of cybersecurity and privacy issues, including cybersecurity incident response, cybersecurity and privacy compliance obligations, internal investigations, regulatory inquiries, and defending against class-action litigation.
Mr. Skeath specializes in assisting clients in responding to a wide variety of cybersecurity incidents, ranging from advanced persistent threats to theft or misuse of personal information or attacks utilizing destructive malware. Such assistance may include protecting the response to, and...
www.cov.com
Ted Karch advises clients in a range of industries on the legal and reputational risks inherent in today's data-driven world. His practice involves advising on US federal and state data privacy and cybersecurity laws as well as international privacy rules, including the EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and China's Cybersecurity Law.
Mr. Karch helps clients navigate issues that arise in developing and launching innovative products. He has advised clients on practical solutions for approaching issues implicated by laws involving biometric data, online...


That… which to us looks eternal, may change.
Yonder sky that has wept tears of compassion on our fathers for centuries untold, and why to us looks eternal, may change.
Today it is fair; tomorrow it may be overcast with clouds. My words are like stars that never set.
The white man's god cannot love his red children or he would protect them. They seem to be orphans and can look nowhere for help. How can we become brothers? How can your father become our father and bring us prosperity and awaken in us dreams of returning greatness?
Your god seems to us to be partial. He came to the white man. We never saw him. We never even heard his voice. He gave the white man laws, but he had no word for his red children whose teeming millions filled this vast continent as the stars fill the firmament.
He had no word for his red children whose teeming millions filled this vast continent as the stars fill the firmament.
The ashes of our ancestors are sacred and their final resting place is hallowed ground, while you wander away from the tombs of your fathers seemingly without regret.
Your religion was written on tablets of stone by the iron finger of an angry god, let you might forget it. The red man could never remember nor comprehend it.
Our religion is the traditions of our ancestors, the dreams of our old men, given them by the great, spirit, and the visions of our sachems, and is written in the hearts of our people.
Your dead cease to love you and the land of their nativity as soon as they pass the portals of the tomb and wander away beyond the stars. They are soon forgotten and never return.
Our dead never forget this beautiful world that gave them being. They still love its verdant valleys, its murmuring rivers, its magnificent mountains, sequestered vales and verdant lined lakes and bays, and ever yearn in tender fond affection over the lonely hearted living, and often return from the happy hunting ground to visit, guide, console, and comfort them.
We will dwell apart in peace, for the words of the Great White Chief seem to be the words of nature speaking to my people out of dense darkness.
Sad-voiced winds moan in the distance.
Grim fate seems to be on the Red Man's trail, and wherever he will hear the approaching footsteps of his fell destroyer and prepare stolidly to meet his doom, as does the wounded doe that hears the approaching footsteps of the hunter. why should I mourn at the untimely fate of my people?
Tribe follows tribe, and nation follows nation, like the waves of the sea. It is the order of nature, and regret is useless.
Your time of decay may be distant, but it will surely come, for even the White Man whose God walked and talked with him as friend to friend, cannot be exempt from the common destiny.
We may be brothers after all. We will see.
I here and now make this condition that we will not be denied the privilege without molestation of visiting at any time the tombs of our ancestors, friends, and children.
Every part of this soil is sacred in the estimation of my people.
Every hillside, every valley, every plain and grove, has been hallowed by some sad or happy event in days long vanished. Even the rocks, which seem to be dumb and dead as the swelter in the sun along the silent shore, thrill with memories of stirring events connected with the lives of my people, and the very dust upon which you now stand responds more lovingly to their footsteps than yours, because it is rich with the blood of our ancestors, and our bare feet are conscious of the sympathetic touch.
Even the little children who lived here and rejoiced here for a brief season, will love these somber solitudes and at eventide they greet shadowy returning spirits.
The dead are not powerless.
You must teach your children that the ground beneath their feet is the ashes of your grandfathers. So that they will respect the land, tell your children that the earth is rich with the lives of our kin.
Teach your children what we have taught our children, that the earth is our mother.
Even the white man, whose God walks and talks with him as friend to friend, cannot be exempt from the common destiny.
We may be brothers after all.
How can you buy or sell the sky, the warmth of the land? The idea is strange to us. If we do not own the freshness of the air and sparkle of the water, how can you buy them?
Every part of this earth is sacred to my people.
Every shining pine needle, every sandy shore, every mist in the dark woods, every clearing and humming insect is holy in the memory and experience of my people. The sap which courses through the trees carries the memories of the red man.
The white man's dead forget the country of their birth when they go to walk among the stars. Our dead never forget this beautiful earth, for it is the mother of the red man.
The perfumed flowers are our sisters; the deer, the horse, the great eagle, these are our brothers.
The rocky crests, the juices in the meadows, the body heat of the pony, and man--all belong to the same family.
The air is precious to the red man, for all things share the same breath--the beast, the tree, the man, they all share the same breath.
The white man does not seem to notice the air he breathes.
Like a man dying for many days, he is numb to the stench.
But if we sell you our land, you must remember that the air is precious to us, that the air shares its spirit with all the life it supports. The wind that gave our grandfather his first breath also receives his last sigh.
And if we sell you our land, you must keep it apart and sacred, as a place where even the white man can go to taste the wind that is sweetened by the meadow's flowers.
One thing we know, which the white man may one day discover, our God is the same God. You may think now that you own him as you wish to own our land; but you cannot. He is the God of man, and his compassion is equal for the red man and the white.


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Katharine Holabird
Katharine Holabird - Author
Katharine Holabird grew up in Chicago at a time when "TV hadn't become a fixture in every home, and we created our own imaginative world". The second of four daughters, she loved to dress up and dance with her sisters, pretending to be beautiful ballerinas. Annual invitations to the ballet with her grandmother made a deep impression. "It was thrilling to see real performances of Cinderella, The Nutcracker and Swan Lake." Katherine remembers, "I was absolutely spellbound." Katharine was also an avid reader with a particular liking for tales of heroic animals and equally courageous children. "I loved the secret world of books," says Katharine, "and was delighted to discover I could create characters and worlds of my own."
While studying literature at Bennington College in Vermont, Katharine was encouraged by her professor, "Write," they said, "Just keep writing and don't give up." After graduating, she worked as a literary editor for a year. Then she traveled to Italy on a holiday, and made an impulsive decision to stay in Rome and learn Italian. In Rome she began working for the movie industry magazine Variety. "The pay was awful," Katharine remembers, "but it was a great apprenticeship. I visited movie locations, interviewed actors like Dirk Bogarde and Marcello Mastroanni, and wrote at length. What a shock when my glorious text was edited down to nothing and I had to rewrite every word. I've never forgotten what I learned at Variety – always be prepared to rewrite."
In 1974, Katharine married and moved to London, where she found work as a nursery school teacher. The young schoolchildren gave Katharine "a wonderful introduction to London", along with classic English children's books such as Alfie and The Tiger Who Came to Tea. Teaching boisterous children in London was the perfect prelude to the birth of Katharine's first daughter in 1976.
Katharine was the mother of two young daughters when, with artist Helen Craig, she created Angelina Ballerina in 1982. "My little girls and their friends reminded me of my childhood enthusiasm for dance. They were completely mad about ballet, and I was struck by the daily drama of their lives, both in and out of ballet classes. The courage and determination it takes to be a small performer impressed me, as did all the emotional upheavals that take place behind the scenes. Whispered secrets, disappointment and jealousy, stage fright and tears while yearning to be a little star, are all part and parcel of a theatrical child's everyday life. I wanted to write something especially for all the passionate little dancers and performers in the world, and decided to explore the impulsive, highly emotional character of a small but determined ballerina."
When she first wrote about Angelina, Katherine envisaged her character as a little girl, but when artist Helen Craig showed her the first drawings of Angelina as a mouse, it worked perfectly. "The impulsive character of Angelina came alive," says Katharine, "and seemed to pirouette off the page with enthusiasm and energy, while her plump and ebullient body expressed drama and attitude in every twitch of her tail.
The award-winning Angelina Ballerina books are a great way for children to explore important issues such as friendship, rivalry, loyalty and dedication. "Angelina's experiences are pretty universal," Katharine says, "and I think children like to read about someone who can lose her temper and then struggles to get over it and apologize. They certainly know how Angelina feels! After all, most children don't find growing up particularly easy, and there's not much point in a pretty picture book that doesn't reflect the emotional issues they're dealing with everyday."
Katharine writes from a room in her London home, with a view of trees, birds and sky. "When my children were young, writing time was precious, so I mostly wrote during school hours and after their bedtime (although I remember constant interruptions and hot little fists rapping on the door)." Now that Katharine's three children are grown up, she has more leisure to write. Nevertheless, it's important to her to remain in close touch with young people. "There's an awful lot going on when children play together, and I guess it's the mixture of comedy and tragedy on the mini-stage of childhood that still fascinates me."
The Angelina Ballerina books have been translated into 6 languages.
Autumn 2001 will see the eagerly anticipated TV debut of Angelina Ballerina, in an animated 26-part series, created by HIT Entertainment. Dame Judi Dench provides the voice for ballet teacher Miss Lilly, while her daughter Finty Williams plays Angelina herself.
Featured books by Katharine Holabird
Angelina's Baby Sister (Book and CD)
3+ readers
Author: Katharine Holabird Format: Mixed Media Product Release Date: 03/04/2008
A must for all those experiencing new baby jealousy. Angelina is very excited when the new baby arrives but when she finds eveyone is too busy admiring the baby to look at her special dancing prize she gets very cross indeed. Luckily, Grandma and Grandpa think of a way of making Angelina feel special again. This title is part of a fantastic Book and CD set.
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Other books by Katharine Holabird
Angelina at the Palace
Author: Katharine Holabird Illustrator: Helen Craig Format: Hardback Release Date: 03/03/2022
Angelina teaches the princesses of Mouseland to dance in this classic bestselling picture book back in a beautiful, refreshed hardcover edition with foil on the cover! Angelina can't believe her luck! Miss Lilly has invited her to the Royal Palace of Mouseland to help teach the three princesses a special dance. But on the very first morning, Miss Lilly comes down with the flu and asks Angelina to teach the princesses on her own! Angelina is nervous. Will she be able to fill Miss Lilly's shoes?
Angelina and Alice
The classic bestselling picture book Angelina and Alice is back in a beautiful, refreshed hardcover edition, making it a perfect gift for fans both new and old! Angelina and Alice love doing gymnastics together. The only difference is Alice can do perfect handstands, while Angelina can't. When Angelina falls down, all the older children laugh-and Alice giggles, too. In the end, Angelina and Alice learn the importance of teamwork and become the best of friends all over again. (c)2021 Helen Craig Ltd. and Katharine Holabird. The Angelina Ballerina name and character and the dancing Angelina logo are trademarks of HIT Entertainment Limited, Katharine Holabird and Helen Craig.
Author: Katharine Holabird Illustrator: Helen Craig Format: Paperback / softback Release Date: 28/10/2021
Angelina loves being a big sister in this 8x8 storybook featuring foil on the cover! It's a beautiful Saturday afternoon. Angelina's dad announces it's too nice out to stay indoors, so they take a family trip to the park! At first, Angelina and her sister, Polly, have a great time riding the carousel, flying a kite, and playing on the swings. But then Polly starts to feel sad that her big sister does everything better. If Angelina can convince her that someday soon she'll be able to do everything Angelina does, this can still be the best family fun day ever! (c)2021 Helen Craig Ltd. and Katharine Holabird. The Angelina Ballerina name and character and the dancing Angelina logo are trademarks of HIT Entertainment Limited, Katharine Holabird and Helen Craig.
Angelina Ballerina at Ballet School
Angelina twirls her way back to ballet school and learns to overcome her stumbles in this 8x8 storybook featuring foil on the cover! Angelina can't wait to go to Miss Lilly's Ballet School again after summer break. But then Angelina accidentally embarrasses herself in front of the whole class, and suddenly, she isn't so enthusiastic about returning to ballet school anymore. With the encouragement of her family and friends, Angelina learns that everyone makes mistakes, but that shouldn't stop her from doing what she loves most: dancing! (c) 2021 Helen Craig Ltd and Katharine Holabird. The Angelina Ballerina name and character and the dancing Angelina logo are trademarks of HIT Entertainment Limited, Katharine Holabird, and Helen Craig.
Angelina's Baby Sister
The classic bestselling picture book, Angelina's Baby Sister, is back in a beautiful, refreshed hardcover edition perfect for Angelina fans new and old! Can Angelina sashay her way through all the changes a baby brings? Angelina Ballerina thinks she's the luckiest mouse in the world-she's going to be a big sister! But being a big sister means change, and sometimes change can be hard. When her baby sister arrives, Angelina feels like no one has time for her anymore. They only want to fuss over Polly. Suddenly, Angelina doesn't feel so lucky anymore. But with time-and a lot of love from her family-Angelina realizes that being a big sister is the role she was born to play.
Angelina Loves
Author: Katharine Holabird Illustrator: Helen Craig Format: Board book Release Date: 01/04/2021
Discover all the things Angelina Ballerina loves in this super chubby board book that's perfect for sharing with someone you love! Angelina Ballerina loves lots of things! There's her family and dancing of course-with her ballet class at Miss Lilly's ballet school. And cartwheeling around the playground with her BFF, Alice. Fans of Angelina will love reading about everything Angelina loves (and probably things they love, too!) (c) 2019 Helen Craig Ltd and Katharine Holabird. The Angelina Ballerina name and character and the dancing Angelina logo are trademarks of HIT Entertainment Limited, Katharine Holabird, and Helen Craig.
Dancing Day
Pirouette into Angelina Ballerina's enchanting world with this adorable board book about Angelina's wonderful day-a day full of dancing! Today is a dancing day for Angelina! She brushes her teeth while practicing her plies, she points her toes while she eats breakfast, and she leaps across the schoolyard. Soon it's her favorite time of day-ballet class! But the dancing doesn't stop there...Angelina's family takes her to a real ballet performance with many more special treats to follow. It is a cozy end to a very happy day because the only thing better than dancing is being with family! (c) 2020 Helen Craig Ltd and Katharine Holabird. The Angelina Ballerina name and character and the dancing Angelina logo are trademarks of HIT Entertainment Limited, Katharine Holabird, and Helen Craig.
Angelina Ballerina Loves Ice-Skating!
Angelina Ballerina trades ballet slippers for ice skates in this sweet original board book featuring a sparkly foil cover-a perfect winter gift for young dancers and skaters alike! It is the first day of winter, which means one thing for Angelina: ice-skating at Miller's Pond! Then she finds out that the rink is closed because of snow. Has Angelina missed her chance to twirl across the ice? (c) 2020 Helen Craig Ltd and Katharine Holabird. The Angelina Ballerina name and character and the dancing Angelina logo are trademarks of HIT Entertainment Limited, Katharine Holabird, and Helen Craig.
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Schoenherr
Schoenherr is a leading full service law firm in Central and Eastern Europe. About 300 professionals service national and international clients from our offices in Austria, Belgium/EU, and throughout the entire CEE region. Operating in a rapidly evolving environment, we are a dynamic and innovative firm with an effective blend of experienced lawyers and young talent. As one of the first international law firms to move into CEE, we have grown to be one of the largest firms in the region. Our offices and country desks provide comprehensive coverage of CEE, allowing us to offer solutions that perfectly fit the given industry, jurisdiction and company. Schoenherr is in compliance with the respective local legal standards and conduct rules in all countries; therefore, the local firm name may vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction.
Central Europe: Schoenherr is one of the top corporate law firms in Central Europe. With our wide-ranging network of offices throughout CEE/SEE, we offer our clients unique coverage in the region.
Leading Lawyers: Many Schoenherr lawyers are recognised leaders in their specialised areas of law. Our clients profit from the rich diversity of talents, languages and cultures that make our lawyers particularly versatile and adaptive.
Established: Schoenherr was one of the first international firms to enter the CEE/SEE market. The firm has a long tradition of advising clients in all fields of commercial law, providing seamless service that transcends national and company borders.
Innovative: Quality, flexibility, innovation and practical problem-solving in complex commercial mandates are at the core of the Schoenherr philosophy. We have a track record of getting deals done with our can-do, solution-oriented approach.
Capable: Our teams are tailor-made, assembled from our various practice groups and across our network of offices. Such sharing of resources, local knowledge and international expertise allows us to offer the client the best possible service.
Full service: Our practice groups cover the full range of commercial legal services and are well equipped to handle all aspects of even the most complex mandate. Cross-border work is handled through centralised or de-centralised contacts, as dictated by the client's needs.
Recognised: Schoenherr's outstanding reputation in all of its practice areas is evidenced by its numerous prestigious awards, some of Schoenherr's awards include Eastern European and the Balkans Law Firm of the Year (The Lawyer European Awards, 2016); Austrian Legal Adviser of the Year (Mergermarket European M&A Awards, 2015); South East Europe Law Firm of the Year (Chambers Europe Awards, 2015); Austrian Law Firm of the Year (The Lawyer European Awards, 2015); Austrian Client Service Law Firm of the Year (Chambers European Awards, 2014); and Austrian Legal Adviser of the Year (Mergermarket European M&A Awards, 2014); Emerging Europe Legal Adviser of the Year (Private Equity Awards, 2013); Law Firm of the Year: Austria (The Lawyer, 2012).
About this firm
Tomšičeva 3
Ljubljana 1000
office.slovenia@schoenherr.eu
Lawyer biographies
Kobe, Vid / Kranjc, Urša / Škufca, Eva
Arbitration & ADR, Banking, Capital Markets, Company & Commercial, Competition & Antitrust, Corporate Finance/M&A, Corporate Tax, Derivatives, Employment & Benefits, Energy & Natural Resources, Environment & Climate Change, Insolvency & Restructuring, Intellectual Property, Litigation, Private Client & Offshore Services, Real Estate, Tech, Data, Telecoms & Media
Competition & Antitrust
Right to be heard in dawn raid
Slovenia | 13 December 2018
The European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) recently granted Produkcija Plus doo (Pro Plus) €52,500 in compensation after its right to be heard was violated during proceedings relating to a fine imposed for obstructing a dawn raid. The ECHR stated, among other things, that even though the Supreme Court had been required to review the facts on which the fine was based, the court had not heard the evidence requested by Pro Plus.
Competition Protection Agency adopts commitments for Renault
Slovenia | 16 August 2018
In 2017 the Competition Protection Agency initiated proceedings against Renault. The company was suspected of treating authorised mechanics and independent mechanics differently, which gave the agency grounds to believe that Renault had abused its dominant position. In response, Renault proposed remedies in an attempt to address the agency's concerns and eliminate the alleged anti-competitive effects on the market. The agency recently closed the proceedings and accepted the commitments.
Food supply chain: changes to the menu
Slovenia | 19 April 2018
Following an examination by the Competition Protection Agency regarding unfair trading practices in the food supply chain, the government drafted a proposal to amend and supplement the Agriculture Act. Parliament accepted the amendment on March 22 2018 and it will enter into force on April 19 2018. Nevertheless, all of the changes in relation to the food supply chain (with the exception of fines) will apply from January 1 2019.
Unfair trading practices in food supply chain examined
Slovenia | 08 February 2018
The Competition Protection Agency recently published the results of a survey on unfair trading practices in the food supply chain, which the agency conducted among suppliers of food products, including producers, purchasers, processing companies and intermediaries. Despite the small number of responses, the agency obtained some useful information on the functioning of the Slovenian food market.
Automotive industry again under scrutiny by Competition Protection Agency
The Competition Protection Agency recently opened an antitrust proceeding against Renault. According to the agency, there are grounds to believe that Renault abused its dominant position on the market for the provision of technical information and technical training to authorised and independent mechanics of its vehicles. Considering that only one year has passed since the agency initiated proceedings against Hyundai Avto Trade doo, the automotive industry appears to be under scrutiny.
Do companies have right to be heard during dawn raid?
Slovenia | 22 September 2016
The Slovenian courts were recently asked to rule on companies' right to be heard during dawn raids by the Competition Protection Agency. As the Supreme Court's rationale has likely set a precedent for future cases, the agency must now apply a broader interpretation to the existing provision in the Competition Act regarding the right to be heard and include further details in its investigation reports.
Open floor after Hyundai Auto Trade proposes commitments to Competition Protection Agency
Slovenia | 17 March 2016
In 2015 the Competition Protection Agency initiated proceedings against Hyundai Avto Trade doo and its authorised mechanics. Hyundai Avto Trade has now proposed remedies in order to address the agency's concerns and eliminate the alleged foreclosures on the market. The agency has invited all interested parties to provide comments, opinions and suggestions on the basis of the proposed remedies.
Competition Protection Agency active in pharmaceutical market
Slovenia | 29 October 2015
The Competition Protection Agency is resuming increased levels of activity. It recently initiated formal proceedings against three companies, on the basis of a distribution agreement relating to pharmaceutical products. Although there is no official prioritisation of industries when it comes to scrutiny of the market, it seems that pharmaceutical companies often find themselves under the spotlight of the agency.
Competition Protection Agency investigates automotive industry
Slovenia | 09 July 2015
The Competition Protection Agency has initiated proceedings against Hyundai Avto Trade doo and its authorised mechanics for allegedly concluding agreements on selective qualitative distribution which led to the foreclosure of independent mechanics and alternative distribution channels for spare parts. It remains to be seen whether the proceeding will have broader implications for the automotive industry.
Natural gas distributor abused dominance, says Competition Protection Agency
The Competition Protection Agency recently found that Geoplin has been abusing its dominant position on the market for natural gas distribution to industrial customers since 2007 and ordered Geoplin to amend all of its agreements containing illicit provisions. The agency believes that the natural gas market will now open up and that industry should finally be able to buy natural gas at prices comparable to those in other EU member states.
Competition Protection Agency looks into food sector – who has the upper hand?
Slovenia | 29 January 2015
The Competition Protection Agency has released the findings of its study of the food sector. Among other things, it noted that while private labels have significant benefits for consumers, it is still unclear whether they will cause long-term harm. The agency concluded that there is a need for further monitoring and ongoing assessment of market practices in order to prevent potential restrictions to competition.
Competition Protection Agency's fining policy is a 'black box'
In accordance with the Protection of Restrictions of Competition Act, the Competition Protection Agency may impose a fine of up to 10% of a company's annual turnover for infringements. However, no guidance regarding how the precise amount for a fine should be calculated exists. Therefore, the agency is free to impose a fine of between 1% and 10%, which gives the agency far too much leeway and has caused much legal uncertainty.
Amendments to Prevention of Restriction of Competition Act
Slovenia | 19 June 2014
Parliament has enacted a new regime in relation to antitrust inspections of the Competition Protection Agency. The agency is now required either to seek a court order or obtain consent from the undertaking under investigation (and its respective employees). However, it is unclear whether or how the new regime protects the privacy of employees.
Dawn raids: how far does the duty to cooperate go?
The Competition Protection Agency has increasingly used unannounced investigations (dawn raids) in recent years to secure evidence of potential competition law breaches. Determining how undertakings should react to such inspections is therefore of increasing importance. The agency has shown in public announcements that it intends to interpret the undertakings' general duty to cooperate rather broadly.
Competition Protection Agency issues two long-awaited antitrust decisions
Slovenia | 21 November 2013
October 2013 was a busy month for the Competition Protection Agency, which issued two long-awaited antitrust decisions. The first concerned an investigation against four pharmaceutical wholesalers for cartel activities in contravention of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, while the second concerned abuse of a dominant position in the telecommunications sector.
Natural gas market falls under further scrutiny
Following its instigation of an antitrust procedure against distributors of natural gas earlier this year, the Competition Protection Agency recently carried out an inspection at the business premises of Geoplin, the biggest supplier of natural gas in Slovenia. The investigation is allegedly focused on Geoplin's potential abuse of its dominant position by preventing clients from switching to alternative suppliers without (substantive) costs.
Court finds agency dawn raids unconstitutional and orders new law
The Constitutional Court recently declared that the dawn raid regime introduced by the Competition Protection Agency is not in line with the Constitution. Inspections carried out by the agency under the existing regime are of a broad nature and represent an invasive intervention into undertakings' privacy, in relation to both business premises and communications. The court has granted Parliament one year to update the law.
New Competition Protection Agency sets out enforcement priorities
The start of 2013 was marked by the long-awaited introduction of a new antitrust authority, the Competition Protection Agency. The agency's enforcement priorities will focus on the markets that have the greatest influence on the national economy and those in which it receives the highest number of complaints. The agency has already instigated its first antitrust matter, in proceedings against distributors of natural gas.
Competition authority reorganised: finally, again and for the last time?
The recently published act amending the Competition Act serves to reorganise the main bodies of the still-awaited Competition Protection Agency. However, the agency still has not been officially entered into the Commercial Court Registry and is not yet fully operational. The agency is rumoured to become fully operational by the end of the year, when it will also become an independent user of the national budget.
Act sets out rules governing merger control
The Slovenian merger control rules are set out in the Prevention of Restriction of Competition Act 2008, which replaced the 1999 act of the same name. The act sets out substantive and procedural rules governing merger control; in terms of the latter, it is supplemented by the General Administrative Procedure Act. In addition, the contents of the compulsory merger notification form are set out in a government regulation.
Finally, a reorganisation of the Competition Authority
The act amending the Competition Act was recently published in the Official Gazette. The new act will bring about the long-awaited reorganisation of the Competition Authority (currently organised as an administrative body within the Ministry for Economic Affairs) as an independent agency. The authority will be governed by the Agency Council, the Competition Council and the agency director.
Merger control proceedings initiated in borderline case
The Competition Protection Office recently initiated ex officio merger control proceedings against the Federation of Slovenian Retired Persons' Societies. According to the office, the federation had acquired control over Vzajemna Zdravstvena zavarovalnica dvz, a Slovenian mutual health insurance company, but failed to notify the concentration within the statutory 30-day time limit.
Landmark electricity cartel decision leads to new trend in practice
In August 2008 the Competition Protection Office found that five Slovenian electricity distributors had breached competition rules by way of a simultaneous price rise. Recently an interesting epilogue was added to the decision: a private initiative led by a Slovenian economist has set a precedent for the future private enforcement of damages in cases of antitrust violations where the harm caused is substantial but widespread.
Competition Protection Office to become an independent agency
The status of the Competition Protection Office has been the subject of recent lively public debate. Since its establishment in 1994 the office has been organized as a department within the Ministry for Economic Affairs. However, a new development may be on the cards as the Ministry for Economic Affairs recently adopted a proposal for an Act on the Establishment of the Slovenian Agency for Protection of Competition and Consumers.
First whistleblower case - a result of the new leniency programme?
According to public speculation, one of the participants in the alleged cartel between a number of Slovenian construction companies - currently under investigation by the Slovenian Competition Protection Office - applied for immunity from a fine in exchange for certain disclosures which reportedly enabled the office to conduct effectively a series of recent dawn raids at the premises of the companies.


capillary, blood - Minute tube (very roughly 5-20 micrometres internal diameter; a given capillary can dilate or constrict) conveying blood, which it receives from a small artery (arteriole in vertebrates) and gives up to small vein; with a wall consisting of a single layer of flattened cells (endothelium), supported by some fine connective tissue fibres. In vertebrates, capillaries in very large numbers permeate almost all the tissues. The main exchange of substances between blood and tissues occurs through capillary walls, which are permeable to small molecules (such as oxygen, glucose, amino-acids, which pass from blood to tissues; carbon dioxide which passes from tissues to blood). Walls are also freely permeable to water and salts. The reason why the water of the blood does not leak away through capillaries is that the large molecules of the blood, especially plasma proteins, are retained by capillary walls and hold back water by osmosis. In Arthropoda and Mollusca capillaries are physiologically largely replaced by haemocoel.


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