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Napoléon II, l'aiglon est un film français réalisé par Claude Boissol, sorti en 1961.

Synopsis
Le film raconte le destin tragique du fils de Napoléon , empereur des français, Napoléon II, duc de Reichstadt, retenu jusqu'à sa mort, le , dans le palais de Schönbrunn, à Vienne (Autriche).

Résumé
Paris, le . Du palais des Tuileries, cent un coups de canon annoncent au peuple parisien la naissance de François Charles Joseph Bonaparte, fils de l'empereur Napoléon  et de Marie-Louise d'Autriche. L'Empereur pleure de joie au chevet de sa seconde femme devant le berceau de leur fils tant désiré. La dynastie est enfin assurée et l'enfant devient « Roi de Rome ». Ses premières années se passent sans souci aux Tuileries. En 1814, à la veille de la campagne de France. l'empereur Napoléon  met au point des manœuvres militaires sur une carte, car il a déclaré la guerre à l'Autriche, la Prusse et la Russie coalisées. Il a son fils à ses côtés, sans se douter qu'il ne le reverra plus jamais. Napoléon, vaincu, a dû abdiquer en faveur de son fils, reconnu par les autorités comme le nouvel empereur Napoléon II. Mais le petit roi de Rome ne régnera jamais. C'est Louis XVIII qui prendra sa place.

En 1815, laissant partir Napoléon, seul, en exil définitif à Sainte-Hélène, Marie-Louise emmène, avec elle, son fils à Vienne en Autriche. À la cour de son grand-père maternel, l'empereur François  d'Autriche, le jeune François, élevé en prince autrichien, devient duc de Reichstadt, en 1818. Et, tandis que le grand-père se montre pour lui très affectueux, sa mère, Marie-Louise, l'oublie très vite en le quittant pour aller vivre, en Italie à Parme, avec le comte Adam Albert de Neipperg. Et, alors que Napoléon, dans sa prison, évoque avec regret son lointain fils, celui-ci, loin de ses parents, conserve en son cœur le souvenir de son père auquel il a voué un véritable culte. Son entourage chargé de son éducation, dont le précepteur Moritz von Dietrichstein, en lui donnant des leçons d'histoire qui ne tiennent pas compte de l'épopée de son prisonnier de père, cherche par tous les moyens, sans en dire du mal, à ce qu'il l'oubli.

Devenu adolescent, Franz, comme l'appelle son grand-père, participe aux fêtes de la Cour, danse avec sa jeune tante l'archiduchesse Sophie de Bavière, et reçoit le commandement d'un régiment de chasseurs tyroliens. Cependant il est tenu éloigné de tout ce qui touche à la France, grâce à la vigilance du chancelier Klemens Wenzel von Metternich, son tuteur, ennemi juré de Napoléon , qui ne le considère que comme un esprit superficiel et sans autre avenir que celui qu'il lui accordera. La révélation des relations amoureuses entre sa mère et Neipperg avant leur mariage, dont ils auront deux enfants, lui porte un choc et le confirme dans la vénération du souvenir de son père Napoléon mort en 1821;

Sur l'échiquier européen, le duc de Reischtadt est une personnalité à qui l'on songe comme souverain en Belgique ou en Pologne. En 1830, il reçoit la visite clandestine du général Charles-Tristan de Montholon (fidèle bonapartiste) qui lui apprend que l' on crie « Vive Napoléon II » dans les rues de Paris où de nombreux partisans sont prêts à aider « l'Aiglon » à regagner le trône de son père Napoléon . Sa cousine la comtesse Camarata, fille d'Élisa Bonaparte, monte le scénario de son départ. Elle se rend à Vienne et cherche en vain à établir le contact avec son cousin le duc de Reischtadt.C'est un échec car le jeune homme craint un piège et se méfie tandis que Metternich, au courant de tout, annihile ces projets.

Dès lors, la santé de l'Aiglon va en déclinant. Son médecin le soigne pour le foie, tandis que Metternich ne veut pas entendre parler d'autre traitement. Et c'est finalement gagné par la tuberculose, que « le fils de l'Aigle » Napoléon II, l'Aiglon expire, à 21 ans, le  au palais de Schönbrunn, à Vienne en Autriche.

Fiche technique
 Réalisateur : Claude Boissol
 Scénario : d'après l'ouvrage d'André Castelot
Adaptation : Paul Andreota
Dialogues :  Paul Andreota et André Castelot
 Photographie : Roger Fellous
 Musique : Paul Bonneau et Fred Freed
 Son : Louis Hochet
 Décors : Robert Guisgand et Wolf Witzemann
 Montage : Louis Devaivre
 Durée : 2h10
Formats : Couleur
Production : Les films Matignon
Directeur de Production : Georges Glass
Distribution : Consortium Pathé
 Pays :
 Genre : Film historique
 Date de sortie  :

Distribution
 Bernard Verley : le duc de Reichstadt
 Jean-Pierre Cassel : Gustav von Neipperg
 René Dary : Dietrichstein
 Danièle Gaubert : Thérèse Pèche
 Jean Marais : le général Montholon
 Georges Marchal : le général Neipperg
 Liliane Patrick : la comtesse Camerata
 Jean-Marc Thibault : Napoléon
 Paul Hubschmid : Prokesch
 Jacques Jouanneau : Esterhazy
 Marianne Koch : l'impératrice Marie-Louise
 Josef Meinrad : l'empereur François  d'Autriche
 Sabine Sinjen : l'archiduchesse Sophie
 Paul Cambo : l'ambassadeur de France
 Jean-Pascal Duffard : le duc à 7 ans
 François Maistre : Metternich
 Yves Bouquillion : le duc à 3 ans
 Jacques Fabbri : docteur Malfati
 Raymond Gérôme : Apponyi
 Anthony Stuart : lord Crowley, l'ambassadeur d'Angleterre
 Christian Méry
 Catherine Zago
 René Clermont
 Yvon Sarray
Georges Greux

Autour du film

 Pour son film, le cinéaste Claude Boissol ne chercha pas à faire une simple adaptation de « L'Aiglon » d'Edmond Rostand, écrit en 1900, mais à entreprendre une reconstitution historique fidèle à la réalité et traitée, avec les moyens du cinéma, en s'inspirant des recherches de l'historien André Castelot (1911-2004). Ce dernier, écrivain, journaliste, biographe et scénariste français d'origine belge, était l'auteur de plus de soixante-cinq biographies et études historiques sur les grandes figures de l'histoire, particulièrement celles des , XVIIIe et XIXe siècles. Sa biographie de Napoléon II était la première à utiliser les lettres découvertes dans une malle cachée dans un grenier viennois (8 000 lettres) et adressées à l'impératrice Marie-Louise, seconde épouse de Napoléon  et mère de « l'Aiglon ». Aux côtés de son complice et ami, l'écrivain Alain Decaux, André Castelot avait fondé et produit à partir d' l'émission radiophonique La Tribune de l'Histoire, qui sera diffusée jusqu'en 1997. À la télévision sur la première chaîne de l' ORTF, les deux auteurs avaient également présenté, de 1956 à 1966, la série La caméra explore le temps, réalisée par Stellio Lorenzi, dont deux épisodes bonapartistes : en saison 2 (1958-1959) Le Véritable Aiglon (avec Claude Gensac dans le rôle de Marie-Louise) et en saison 4 (1960-1961) Le Drame de Saint-Hélène (avec Raymond Pellegrin dans le rôle de Napoléon  et François Maistre)
 Gilles Durieux, dans sa biographie de l'acteur Jean Marais, écrit : « Laissant reposer le personnage du Capitaine Fracasse, Jean Marais endossa ensuite, plus sagement, l'habit du général d'Empire Montholon1, émissaire de conspirateurs nostalgiques auprès du duc de Reichstadt, dit « L'Aiglon» : après la mort de l'empereur, le fils de Napoléon  et de Marie-Louise est « retenu » en Autriche et surveillé de près par le chancelier Metternich. C'était la troisième fois2 que le comédien participait à un film de Claude Boissol, metteur en scène de cette biographie3 filmée intitulée Napoléon II, l'Aiglon et réalisée sous l'autorité de l'historien André Castelot qui en signait les dialogues. Cette fois, le rôle attribué à Jean Marais était assez modeste. Reste l'intérêt d'un film qui donnait une de ses toutes premières chances à un jeune acteur, Bernard Verley, que l'on annonçait comme le nouveau Gérard Philipe.»

 Notes :
1. Jean Marais avait déjà en 1955 interprété le personnage de Montholon dans le Napoléon  de Sacha Guitry. Le désastre de la Bataille de Waterloo précipita le destin de Montholon qui décida de suivre Napoléon  à Sainte-Hélène. C'est lui qui ferma les yeux à l'Empereur en 1821. Exécuteur testamentaire de Napoléon Bonaparte, Montholon fut le plus récompensé de tous les compagnons d'exil de l'empereur déchu.
2. C'est en 1956 que Claude Boissol réalisa son premier film Toute la ville accuse, soutenu par Jean Marais qu'une amie lui avait présenté. Il continuera de collaborer avec l'acteur sur deux autres de ses films : Chaque jour a son secret (1958) et Napoléon II, l'aiglon (1961). Puis de 1961 à 1993 Boissol sera essentiellement scénariste et réalisateur de nombreux épisodes de séries télé et téléfilms.
3. Un film biographique, également connu dans le milieu du cinéma sous l'anglicisme « biopic » (contraction de « biographical motion picture »), est une œuvre cinématographique de fiction, centrée sur la description biographique d'un personnage principal qui a réellement existé. Les événements et l'environnement de son époque sont donc subordonnés à son récit.

Notes et références
  André Castelot, L'Aiglon : Napoléon II - Édité par Perrin - 2008 -
  Isabelle Veyrat-Masson, David Chanteranne Napoléon à l'écran: Cinéma et télévision, Nouveau Monde éditions – , 9782365830744
  Gilles Durieux, Jean Marais - Biographie , Paris, Flammarion, 2005 -

Lien externe

fondation-jeromeseydoux

Film français sorti en 1961
Film historique français
Film biographique français
Napoléon Bonaparte au cinéma
Film biographique sur une personnalité politique

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Welcome to Shoosmiths > Client resources > Legal updates > Second-hand software market: To what extent can 'used' software be re-sold legitimately?
Second-hand software market: To what extent can 'used' software be re-sold legitimately?
Author: Michelle Sherwood
Creators of software programs may not be able to prevent the resale of 'used' copies of software programs legitimately paid for and downloaded by their own customers from the internet.
It follows a recent Opinion from Advocate General Yves Bot, a legal adviser to the European Court of Justice (ECJ), in Axel W. Bierbach (liquidator of UsedSoft GmbH) v Oracle International Corp.
However, creators of software programs may be able to prevent third-parties from reselling 'used' software licences obtained from the creator's customers as this may well be in breach of European copyright law.
Why has the Advocate General issued its opinion?
Advocate General Bot was asked to give his opinion following a referral from the Federal Supreme Court in Germany in the UsedSoft v Oracle case. The case involves Oracle, the US-based software giant that, amongst other things, manufactures and markets software for download via the internet, and UsedSoft, a German company that sells (second-hand) licences bought from Oracle's customers.
Oracle, having taken legal action against UsedSoft, was seeking to prevent UsedSoft from continuing to 'resell' computer software and licences that were no longer being used by Oracle's customers.
Oracle was seeking to rely on current European law that gives computer program rights-holders the exclusive right to do, or allow:
reproduction or translation of a computer program
any form of public distribution of the original or copies of a computer program
However, under European law, the first sale of a copy of a computer program in the EU by the rights-holder (or with the rights-holder's consent) 'exhausts' the rights-holder's ability to be able to distribute (as in B above) that particular copy within the EU (although it can still control future rental of that program).
This has the effect of giving rights-holders 'one bite of the cherry' in terms of the first sale of a copy of its computer program in the EU as, once the copy is sold, the rights-holder is unable to oppose its resale.
What were the arguments?
The judge in the case asked the ECJ to interpret the Software Directive (2009/24/EC) on the legal protection of software programs in light of the dispute between Oracle and UsedSoft. The judge wanted to know whether the principle of 'exhaustion' meant that Oracle had 'exhausted' its distribution rights in the copies of the software programs it had made available to its original customers.
This would determine whether UsedSoft had the right to 'resell' used copies of the computer software, which UsedSoft argued it did have, given that Oracle's original customers had erased, or no longer used, their copy.
Oracle, on the other hand, argued that as it was only licensing copies of its software to customers (under what Oracle described as 'software licence agreements') and not selling copies of its software. Therefore, Oracle felt that it still retained ownership and, more importantly, exclusive distribution rights over the software programs.
So what did the Advocate General say about Oracle v UsedSoft?
The Advocate General said that in the case of Oracle v UsedSoft, the principle of exhaustion did not apply because the sale of a copy of a computer program only exhausts the distribution rights of a rights-holder and not the reproduction rights.
The Advocate General said that, in this instance, UsedSoft was reselling (assigning) Oracle's user licences and creating new copies of the software program.
This occurred when UsedSoft directed its customers to the Oracle site to download a new copy of the software once the customer had obtained its 'second-hand' user licence from UsedSoft.
Therefore, this amounted to reproduction, which is an exclusive right of the rights-holder and not subject to the principle of exhaustion under the Software Directive.
What else did the Advocate General say? Was there a 'sale' of a software program?
The Advocate General also said that where software licensing meant that a customer acquired a copy of a computer program for an unlimited amount of time in return for a one-off lump-sum payment, a 'sale' would be deemed to have taken place.
This would mean that the rights-holder's ability to commercially exploit that copy of the program would be 'exhausted'. The Advocate General explained that this was necessary in order to prevent rights-holders calling their customer agreements 'licences' for the sole purpose of circumventing the exhaustion rule.
The Advocate General added that distribution of a software program by downloading it from the internet was a 'distribution' that transferred ownership for the purposes of the Software Directive. He considered that this method of transferring ownership was justified, despite arguments to the contrary, given that downloading was widely used in the industry to distribute software programs.
Although the Advocate General's opinion is not binding on the ECJ, it will undoubtedly be followed in future decisions.
So companies wishing to sell used software licences will need to ensure they have permission from the rights-holder to allow the sale of second-hand software licences. This might be contained in a clause in the software licence agreement.
What does the opinion mean for software developers?
In light of the Advocate General's comments on whether the licensing of software constitutes a 'sale', software developers should check their licence agreements to ensure that they are not granting users an unlimited right to use their software for a one-off fee, as this could result in the developer inadvertently selling (and losing control of) their program.
Developers should also ensure that their licence agreements do not envisage the sale of the software to subsequent purchasers.
Improvements in security measures to prevent the developer's software from being reproduced should also be continued to try to ensure that the developer retains ownership of the program.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


This infinity name necklace is made out of 0.925 Sterling Silver and hangs on a Sterling Silver Box Chain.
Domestic Shipping (USA): ALL USA Shipping is FREE! Your Item/s will be packaged and shipped within seven business days! Keep in mind shipping takes 12-20 Business days (Most of the time closer to 12).
International Shipping: Items are usually shipped with four business days for international addresses! As of now, international shipping is free but additional charges MAY apply depending on location.


Price includes onsite lunch on both days.
Cut-off date is April 15th, 2019.
The EFCC Annual General Meeting for 2019 will take place in the afternoon on Thursday, May 16. Please download an AGM 2019 Delegate Form, and plan to attend EFCC Theology Conference as a delegate of your EFCC local church. Note that quorum for AGM is one-quarter of EFCC member churches.


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Авуц Тар (, также известный как монастырь Всеспасителя , церковь Арунец , церковь Дарунец , Красный монастырь , а также  и ) — армянский монастырский комплекс, основанный в XI веке и принявший свой окончательный вид в XIII веке. Расположен в котайкском районе Армении восточнее села Гарни на левом берегу реки Азат.

История
Согласно приданию, монастырь Авуц Тар был основан Сааком Партевом и Месропом Маштоцом в V веке. А в X веке был перестроен и получил новую жизнь.

В XIII—XV веках монастырь был известным центром создания рукописей, и многие созданные здесь рукописи дошли до наших дней. Здесь было написано одно из старейших целостных Евангелий на армянском языке — «Евангелие Вехамор», которое, предположительно, было написана в VII веке. В данный момент, Евангелие хранится в Институте древних рукописей Матенадаран.

В этом монастыре, упоминающийся с раннего средневековья, Григорий Магистрос построил церковь Св. Аменапркич. В XVIII веке монастырь реставрировал католикос Аствацатур.

Авуц Тар был одним из религиозных и культурных центров средневековой Армении. Монастырь сильно пострадал из-за землетрясения в 1679 году и был окончательно разрушен в 1840 году.

Устройство комплекса
Комплекс состоит из двух часовен, церкви Святого Карапета, церкви Сурб Ацвацацин, Свято-Воскресенской церкви с колокольней и кладбищем.

Основные постройки с трех сторон окружены внушительной стеной.

В окрестностях были также земли, сады и маленькие деревни, принадлежавшие монастырю.

Фотогалерея

Примечания

Литература

Культовые сооружения по алфавиту
Монастыри по алфавиту
Армянские монастыри
Армянские храмы XI века


Our guidebooks and tours are selling better than ever. Tourism to Europe is up. And so are airfares, add-on flight fees, and the costs of changing your ticket. Good luck here!
It's predicted that by the end of 2011, half of all American mobile phone users will have smartphones (compared to just 10 percent in 2008). My hunch about why Apple features little old us in their iPhone ads is that they want people to perceive their iPod Touch and iPhone as essential travel tools (and our content-loaded Rick Steves Audio Europe™ app makes a strong case for exactly that). As more people travel with smartphones, there will be more handy apps.
Of all the royalties I get for my guidebook sales, ebook proceeds make up only about 5 percent. But this will change rapidly in coming years. More and more sights are sharing a digital look at themselves for online viewers. Google's new Art Project lets you take a virtual tour of some of the world's top museums, including the Uffizi in Florence, the Palace of Versailles near Paris, the Hermitage in St. Petersburg, and the Rijksmuseum and Van Gogh Museum in Amsterdam. Even the staid Vatican City has gotten in on the act, with their heavenly, online, interactive look at the Sistine Chapel.
As Europe has united, the rich countries have brought along the poor ones (like Greece, Ireland, and Portugal), creating a false affluence. And apparently, it doesn't work. Because the relatively poor-performing countries are locked into the euro, they can't make macro adjustments by docking their workers' wages with a devalued currency. I believe that's why these countries are in a more serious crisis (and need to be continuously bailed out by Germany and company) than the rest of Europe. How will that impact the traveler? It won't, really. I wouldn't look for any deals. And I wouldn't worry about demonstrations. Instead, I'd simply anticipate demonstrations in the streets of Europe for years to come. It's a healthy thing. It's how those democracies vent. As their politicians force their economies into reality (cutting back on promised entitlements, as when Sarkozy raised the French retirement age from 60 to 62), workers will march. That's just way too much exercise for Americans…who'd rather just go home and find a TV station that affirms their frustrations.
Europe's cities are becoming more pedestrian- and bike-friendly. (Paris' borrow-a-bike system, called Vélib', is a model; London, Brussels, Vienna, and many others are following suit.) Some cities levy a congestion fee, charging almost any traffic for entering the old center. Many tourists don't understand, drive into traffic-free zones, and end up with pricey tickets added onto their car rental bills. Learn the local signs that help you avoid this inconvenient expense.
I'm heading off for two months of travel (guidebook research and TV production ' mostly in Italy and Turkey) in a couple of weeks, and can hardly wait. Stay tuned for lots of travel insights and fun.


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as "Data Controller" Crest Optics S.p.A. wishes to inform you, pursuant to art. 13 of Legislative Decree n. 196/2003 (hereinafter the "Privacy Code"), of article 13 of Regulation (EU) 2016/679 (hereinafter "Regulations" or "GDPR 2016/679"), that the personal data you provide will be processed in compliance with the aforementioned law and the confidentiality obligations which are mandatory for Crest Optics S.p.A.
Pursuant to articles 4 and 28 of the Privacy Code and articles 4 n. 7) and 23 of the Regulations We inform you that the Data Controller is Crest Optics SpA, share capital Euro 112.181, Italian Tax Code and VAT Number 10490851002, with registered office in Rome, 00167, via Mattia Battistini 184 C / D, Tel 0039.06.61660508, Fax 0039.06.61662738, e-mail: info@crestoptics.com, pec: amm@pec.crestoptics.com.
Data Protection Officer (DPO)
Crest Optics S.p.A. under the Regulations the Data Protection Officer (DPO) is not required, in any case a resource has been appointed and trained, which can be reached at the following e-mail address: dpo@crestopt.com.
Legal basis and purpose of processing
The personal data requested for the performance of the contractual relationship will be processed by Crest Optics S.p.A. on the basis of the legal ground and according to the purposes indicated below:
a) Purposes connected to obligations established by laws, regulations, community legislation and imposed by Authorities legitimated by the law and by Supervisory and Control Bodies (for example anti-money laundering legislation, etc.);
b) Contractual, connected and instrumental purposes at the conclusion of the contract with Crest Optics S.p.A., its execution, the management of payments and any default by the customer (debt collection and litigation);
Nature of the provision of data and consequences of any refusal
The consent to the data processing for the purposes referred to in letter a) is not required, as the processing is required by law, while for the purpose b) is mandatory and in case of refusal Crest Optics shall not follow up the request, and the activities requested for the execution of the contract shall not be carried out.
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For the purposes described above, the Data may be processed using manual, computerized and / or otherwise automated means according to the ratio strictly connected to the processing purposes and, in any case, in order to guarantee its security and confidentiality even in case of treatment through innovative tools, distance communication, in compliance with the provisions of article 32 of the GDPR 216/679 and in compliance with the provisions of article 29 of the GDPR 2016/679. We also point out that, in compliance with the principles of lawfulness, fairness and transparency data minimization and accuracy, the Data will be stored under the supervision of the necessary technical and organizational measures to minimize the risks of destruction and accidental loss, unauthorized access or unauthorized processing. The Data is kept for all that is necessary to manage the contract and comply with legal obligations, and periodically updated with information acquired during the course of the relationship.
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The Data may be communicated, for the purposes listed above, to subjects which CrestOptics S.p.A. uses to perform its activities, as well as to execute charges and obligations related to the performance of the contractual relationship, and in particular:
a) professionals also in the form of associates, consultants or counterparties who may intervene in the execution of the assignment;
b) companies, entities, external consortia, banks and lending banks, intermediaries, insurance companies, for the execution of the provisions received or for the provision of services requested;
c) subjects that carry out activities of control, revision and certification of the activities carried out by Crest Optics SpA, possibly also in the interest of the client;
d) subjects that provide services for the management of the information system;
We inform you that the data you provide are processed and stored in the computer systems of Crest Optics S.p.A. and are not stored outside of Europe in full compliance with the Privacy Code and EU Regulation 2016/679.We also inform you that if, in accordance with the aforementioned legislation and for the purposes indicated in this statement, it is necessary to transfer the personal data of the data subject abroad [outside the EU], Crest Optics S.p.A.will proceed on condition that the country of destination has been considered by the European Commission as suitable for the transfer pursuant to art. 45 of Regulation 2016/679 or if one of the conditions referred to in articles 46 and 47 of the same Regulation occurs.
In all cases of data processing you have the right to access, at any time, the data concerning you and to know what they are and how they are used. Specifically, pursuant to art. 7 of Legislative Decree 196/2003 and articles 15 to 22 of EU Regulation no. 2016/679 You can exercise the right to:
request confirmation of the existence or not of personal data;
obtain information on the purposes of the processing, the categories of personal data, recipients or categories of recipients to whom the personal data have been or will be communicated and, where possible, the retention period;
obtain the correction and deletion of data;
obtain the data processing limitation;
obtain data portability, i.e. to receive them from a data controller, in a structured format, commonly used and readable by automatic device, and transmit them to another data controller without hindrance;
oppose the processing at any time and also in the case of treatment for direct marketing purposes;
to oppose an automated decision-making process concerning natural persons, including profiling;
withdraw the consent at any time without prejudice to the lawfulness of the treatment based on the consent given prior to the revocation;
to file a complaint before a supervisory authority.
Similarly, it may request the updating, correction or integration of inaccurate or incomplete data, or cancellation, transformation into anonymous form or blocking for those processed in violation of the law.
The right to oppose treatment can be exercised for legitimate reasons (to be highlighted in the request).
For any request concerning the exercise of your rights, you can contract CrestOptics S.p.A., to the telephone number Tel. 0039.06.61660508, or with a written request to be sent to fax 0039.06.61662738, e-mail: info@crestopt.com.
Last update May 15, 2018


Today Cruise Addicts joined Viking® (www.vikingcruises.com) in Miami as they celebrated the kickoff of its inaugural World Cruise on its fourth and newest ocean ship,Viking Sun®, for the sold out 141-day itinerary. Viking Sun will spend nearly the next five months on the World Cruise, which spans five continents, 35 countries and 64 ports. The cruise will sail from Miami to London, guests will first explore Cuba and the Caribbean, before sailing the Panama Canal to call on Los Angeles, the home of Viking's U.S. headquarters and first West Coast port of call. Viking Sun will then sail to the South Pacific, Australia and Asia, where the ship will be christened in Shanghai on March 8, 2018. From there, Viking Sun will continue on with ports of call in Asia and then Europe, before finishing the World Cruise in London on May 5.
Viking Executives Celebrate with invited guests onboard in Miami.


Pedometrics is a branch of soil science that applies mathematical and statistical methods for the study of the distribution and genesis of soils.
The goal of pedometrics is to achieve a better understanding of the soil as a phenomenon that varies over different scales in space and time. This understanding is important, both for improved soil management and for our scientific appreciation of the soil and the systems (agronomic, ecological and hydrological) of which it is a part. For this reason much of pedometrics is concerned with predicting the properties of the soil in space and time, with sampling and monitoring the soil and with modelling the soil's behaviour.
Pedometricians are typically engaged in developing and applying quantitative methods to apply to these problems. These include geostatistical methods for spatial prediction, sampling designs and strategies, linear modelling methods and novel mathematical and computational techniques such as wavelet transforms, data mining and fuzzy logic.
Pedometrics began as a Working Group of the International Union of Soil Sciences (IUSS) in 1992 that was promoted to an IUSS Commission in 2004.


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1. Terms and Conditions of Using Our Site
The World Bank Group and its officers, agents, employees, and content providers (referred to below as "The World Bank Group" or "we" or "us" or "our") maintain this web site and/or any related site (such as a related mobile application) that links to these World Bank Group Terms and Conditions (the "Site") as part of efforts to provide broad public access to information. We encourage you to use the World Bank Group information and data it contains (the "Materials") as well as communications tools designed to facilitate this use. Your access to and use of the Site, the Materials, those communications tools, and any new tools made available by us that alter or improve your use of the Site or the Materials are subject to these World Bank Group Terms and Conditions, as well as any documents expressly incorporated by reference herein (collectively these "Terms and Conditions").
Please read these Terms and Conditions carefully before you start to use the Site. By using the Site, you accept and agree to be bound and abide by these Terms and Conditions and our Privacy Policy. If you do not want to agree to these Terms and Conditions or the Privacy Policy, you must not access or use the Site.
For some of the Materials, such as the Datasets listed in The World Bank Data Catalog or the Publications made available in the Open Knowledge Repository. The World Bank Group has additional specific terms of use, all of which are hereby incorporated by reference. Those specific terms of use are available on the pages through which the relevant Materials are accessible, and are also collected here:
Terms of Use for Datasets
Terms of Use for the Open Knowledge Repository
Terms of Use for the World Bank Group Archives Photo Catalog
For the remainder of the Materials, you may make non-commercial uses thereof, but you may not make any derivative work or commercial use, including without limitation reselling them, charging to access them, charging to redistribute them, or charging for derivative works based on them, without the prior written consent of the relevant member institution(s). The foregoing limited license rights are conditioned upon your providing proper attribution to The World Bank Group, including the relevant member institution(s), the individual author(s) of the work, if any, and any third party content providers, consistent with the following format: "The World Bank Group authorizes the use of this material subject to the terms and conditions on its website, Legal."
The World Bank (the "Administrator") administers this Site on behalf of the World Bank Group. The World Bank Group is comprised of IBRD (International Bank for Reconstruction and Development), IDA (International Development Association), IFC (International Finance Corporation), MIGA (Multilateral Guarantee Agency), and ICSID (International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes). For purposes of these Terms of Use, "The World Bank Group" means any or all of its member institutions, as the context may require. The member institutions of the World Bank Group are separate legal entities and are severally (but not jointly) liable for their respective obligations hereunder.
All Materials on this Site from the various member institutions of The World Bank Group, and other content providers, on this Site appear subject to these Terms and Conditions.
Unless expressly stated otherwise, the findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in the Materials in this Site are those of the various authors of the Materials and are not necessarily those of The World Bank Group, its member institutions, or their respective Boards of Executive Directors or member countries.
No Endorsement
Accessing the Site; Usernames and Interactive Tools
Use of the Site
Application Program Interfaces
Procedure for Sending Complaints Regarding Materials
Procedure for Sending Copyright Notices under the Digital Millennium Copyright Act
Preservation of Immunities
You may not publicly represent or imply that The World Bank Group, or any of its member institutions, is participating in, or has sponsored, approved, or endorsed the manner or purpose of your use or reproduction of the Materials. The World Bank Group, or any of its member institutions, shall be entitled to prosecute, to the fullest extent of the law, any use of the Materials in a manner that falsifies, misrepresents, disparages, or fraudulently uses the Materials.
The names World Bank Group, IBRD (International Bank for Reconstruction and Development), IDA (International Development Association), IFC (International Finance Corporation), MIGA (Multilateral Guarantee Agency), and ICSID (International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes), and all related names, logos, product and service names, designs and slogans are trademarks of the relevant member institution(s). You may not use any such trademark, official mark, official emblem, or logo of The World Bank Group or its member institutions, or any of its other means of promotion or publicity, without the prior written consent of the relevant member institution(s), nor in any event to represent or imply an association or affiliation with The World Bank Group or any of such member institution. All other names, logos, product and service names, designs and slogans on this Site are the trademarks of their respective owners.
In order to access certain portions and features of the Site, you may have to create a "username" and complete an account registration process. If you do so, you agree to provide accurate, current, and complete information about yourself as prompted by the Site's registration forms. You also agree to update your account information in a prompt manner in order to keep it true, accurate, current and complete. You agree that all information you provide to register with this Site or otherwise, including but not limited to through the use of any interactive features on the Site, is governed by our Privacy Policy, (which is hereby incorporated herein by reference), and you consent to all actions we take with respect to your information consistent with our Privacy Policy.
You are responsible for maintaining the confidentiality of your account password and username, and are fully responsible for all activities that occur under your password or username. Please immediately notify the Administrator of any unauthorized use of your password or username or any other breach of security.
The World Bank Group reserves the right, at its sole discretion for any reason or no reason at any time and from time to time and with or without notice to you, to modify or discontinue, temporarily or permanently, the Site (or any part thereof) or to terminate your username and account and/or your access to the Site (or any part thereof). Under no circumstances shall The World Bank Group be liable for any loss, damage, liability, or expense incurred or suffered which is claimed to result from your use of the Site or Materials made available on the Site, including without limitation, any fault, error, omission, interruption, or delay with respect thereto.
The Site and its entire contents, features and functionality (including but not limited to all Posts, information, software, text, displays, images, video and audio, and the design, selection and arrangement thereof), are owned by The World Bank Group, its member institutions, business partners, service providers, licensors, users or other providers of such Material and are protected international copyright, trademark, patent, trade secret or other intellectual property or proprietary rights laws.
Prohibited Uses:
You may use the Site only for lawful, personal and non-commercial purposes. The Site may contain tools that enable you to "Post" (i.e., upload, post, make available, communicate, send, share, or transmit) Materials (collectively referred to as "Interactive Tools"). You agree not to use the Site, including the Interactive Tools, to do any of the following:
Violate any applicable law or encourage or provide instructions to another to do so.
Defame, abuse, harass, stalk, threaten, or otherwise violate the legal rights (such as rights of privacy and publicity) of others.
Post any infringing, obscene, indecent, or unlawful material or information.
Misrepresent your identity, including by impersonating the World Bank Group or any member institution or staff thereof.
Collect or store personal information about anyone.
Transmit, or procure the sending of, any advertising or promotional material [without our prior written consent], including any "junk mail", "chain letter" or "spam" or any other similar solicitation.
Provide any investment advice or otherwise violate applicable securities laws, or undertake or promote other commercial activities or sales, such as contests, sweepstakes and other sales promotions, barter or advertising.
Upload or attach files that contain viruses, corrupted files, or any other similar software or programs that may damage the operation of another's computer.
Delete any author attributions, legal notices, or proprietary designations or labels in any file that is uploaded.
Falsify the origin or source of software or other material contained in a file that is uploaded.
Download any file posted by another User that you know, or reasonably should know, cannot be legally distributed in such manner.
Attempt to gain unauthorized access to, interfere with, damage or disrupt any parts of the Site, the server on which the Site is stored, or any server, computer or database connected to the Site.
You further acknowledge that exchanges using Interactive Tools are public and not private communications. Therefore, any of your Posts will be considered available for public use and distribution as provided herein.
You own or control all rights in and to your Posts and have the right to grant the license granted above to us and our affiliates, business partners and service providers, and each of their and our respective licensees, successors and assigns.
All of your Posts do and will comply with these Terms and Conditions.
You understand and acknowledge that you are responsible for any of your Posts, that Postings by you and other users are not endorsed by The World Bank Group, and such Postings should not be considered reviewed, screened, or approved by The World Bank Group. The World Bank Group may or may not review Materials that you Post, but it shall have the right (but not the obligation) in its sole discretion to review, reject, or remove any and all Posts at any time for any or no reason whatsoever with or without notice to you.
You hereby grant each and all of the member institutions of The World Bank Group a royalty-free, irrevocable, transferrable, sub licensable, and non-exclusive perpetual license throughout the universe for use in any and all media whether now known or hereafter devised to use and exploit (including without limitation by reproduction, distribution, public display, adaptation, and/or public performance) any and all Materials that you Post.
The World Bank Group Application Programming Interfaces ("APIs") are tools that allow you to retrieve and use certain Materials found on the Site.
For use of the APIs in connection with some of the Materials (such as Datasets listed in The World Bank [Group] Data Catalog), The World Bank Group has specific terms of use, all of which are hereby incorporated by reference. Those specific terms of use are available on the pages through which the relevant Materials are accessible. For use of the APIs in connection with other Materials, you may use the APIs to facilitate certain non-commercial uses of the Materials in accordance with these Terms and Conditions. However, you may not in any event use the APIs to facilitate commercial uses of the Materials, including without limitation reselling them, charging to access them, charging to redistribute them, or charging to create derivative works based on them.
The World Bank Group may release updated versions of the APIs at its sole discretion. New versions may not be compatible with previous implementations, and you agree to use the most recently updated version.
You agree not to modify, distribute, decompile, disassemble, or reverse engineer any portion of the APIs or any software of The World Bank Group.
You may not use the APIs in a manner that exceeds reasonable request volume or constitutes excessive or abusive usage, as determined by The World Bank Group at its sole discretion.
You may not use the APIs in a manner that is unlawful or that harms The World Bank Group, its service providers, its content providers, or any other person, as determined by The World Bank Group at its sole discretion.
The World Bank Group may monitor your use of the APIs. You may not use any technical means to interfere with such monitoring, and we may use technical means to overcome any such interference.
You agree not to facilitate access to Materials by using our APIs without entering into binding agreements with users of the Materials which limit use of the Materials in a manner that is consistent with these Terms and Conditions.
Please contact The World Bank Group at data@worldbankgroup.org with any questions regarding the APIs.
If you believe that your rights, or the rights of a third party, are being violated in any way by any Materials on the Site, please contact us at:
The World Bank Senior Vice President and Group General Counsel
1818 H Street, N.W.
email: legalhelpdesk@worldbank.org
We will work to prevent unlawful activity from taking place on or through the Site.
If you have a good faith belief that your copyright is being infringed by any Materials on the Site and you want to provide The World Bank Group with a notification of claimed infringement under the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA), please send a Notice of Claimed Infringement, including the information listed below, to The World Bank Group's Designated Copyright Agent:
Designated Copyright Agent:
The World Bank Group has instituted a policy designed to enable, at The World Bank Group's sole discretion, the expeditious removal of infringing material and the termination of the usernames and access of users who qualify as repeat infringers. Please make sure that any Notice of Claimed Infringement you send to The World Bank Group's Designated Copyright Agent includes all of the following:
A physical or electronic signature of a person authorized to act on behalf of the owner of an exclusive right that is allegedly infringed.
An identification of the copyrighted work claimed to have been infringed, or, if multiple copyrighted works are covered by a single notification, a representative list of such works.
An identification of the material that is claimed to be infringing or to be the subject of infringing activity and that is to be removed or access to which is to be disabled, and information reasonably sufficient to permit us to locate the material.
Information reasonably sufficient to permit us to contact you, such as an address, telephone number, and, if available, an electronic mail address at which you may be contacted.
A statement that you have a good faith belief that use of the material in the manner complained of is not authorized by the copyright owner, its agent, or the law.
A statement that the information in the notification is accurate, and, under penalty of perjury, that you are authorized to act on behalf of the owner of an exclusive right that is allegedly infringed.
YOU USE THE SITE, MATERIALS AND APIS AT YOUR SOLE RISK. THE WORLD BANK GROUP PROVIDES THE SITE, MATERIALS, AND APIS "AS IS" AND "AS AVAILABLE". THE WORLD BANK GROUP EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS TO THE FULL EXTENT PERMITTED BY LAW ALL WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND RELATED TO THE SITE, MATERIALS, AND APIS, WHETHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. YOU WILL BE SOLELY RESPONSIBLE FOR ANY DAMAGE TO YOUR COMPUTER SYSTEM OR LOSS OF DATA THAT RESULTS FROM YOUR USE OF THE SITE, MATERIALS, OR APIS. THE WORLD BANK GROUP MAKES NO WARRANTY THAT (1) THE SITE, MATERIALS, OR APIS WILL MEET YOUR REQUIREMENTS; (2) THE SITE, MATERIALS OR APIS WILL BE UNINTERRUPTED, TIMELY, SECURE, OR ERROR-FREE; (3) THE RESULTS OF THE SITE, MATERIALS, OR APIS WILL BE ACCURATE OR RELIABLE; (4) THE QUALITY OF ANY PRODUCTS, SERVICES, OR MATERIAL OBTAINED BY YOU THROUGH THE SITE WILL MEET YOUR EXPECTATIONS; OR (5) THE SITE, ITS SERVERS, THE MATERIALS, OR APIS, OR COMMUNICATIONS SENT FROM THE WORLD BANK GROUP WILL BE FREE OF VIRUSES OR OTHER HARMFUL COMPONENTS. NO INFORMATION OBTAINED BY YOU FROM THE WORLD BANK GROUP OR THROUGH THE SITE SHALL CREATE ANY WARRANTY NOT EXPRESSLY STATED IN THESE TERMS AND CONDITIONS.
Other parties may have ownership interests in some of the Materials contained on the Site. The World Bank Group in no way represents or warrants that it owns or controls all rights in all Materials, and The World Bank Group will not be liable to you for any claims brought against you by third parties in connection with your use of any Materials.
Nothing in the Site or any Materials shall be construed, implicitly or explicitly, as containing any investment recommendations. The World Bank Group is not registered under the U.S. Investment Advisers Act of 1940. Accordingly, nothing in the Site, or in such Materials, constitutes an offer of or an invitation by or on behalf of The World Bank Group to purchase or sell any shares or securities, nor should it be considered as investment advice.
The Site may contain links to third-party web sites. The linked sites are not under the control of The World Bank Group, which is not responsible for the contents of any linked site or any link contained in a linked site. The World Bank Group does not endorse the linked to sites.
Under no circumstances, including, but not limited to, negligence, shall The World Bank Group or ANY ENTITY THAT IS A MEMBER OF THE WORLD BANK GROUP, or any other content provider, be liable for any direct, indirect, incidental, special, EXEMPLARY, or consequential damages ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS AGREEMENT (INCLUDING FOR CLAIMS ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH YOUR USE OF THE SITE OR INABILITY TO ACCESS THE SITE), even if The World Bank Group has been advised of the possibility of such damages. THE FOREGOING DOES NOT AFFECT ANY LIABILITY WHICH CANNOT BE EXCLUDED OR LIMITED UNDER APPLICABLE LAW.
You specifically acknowledge and agree that none of The World Bank Group, or any of its member institutions, is liable for any conduct of any User. You hereby release The World Bank Group, and each of its member institutions, from claims, demands, and damages (actual and consequential) of every kind and nature, known and unknown, arising out of or in any way connected with the conduct of any User.
The Site may contain advice, opinions, and statements of various content providers. The World Bank Group does not represent or endorse the accuracy or reliability of any advice, opinion, statement, or other information provided by any content provider, or any User of this site, or other person or entity. Reliance upon any such opinion, advice, statement, or other information shall also be at your own risk. The World Bank Group shall not be liable to any you or anyone else for any inaccuracy, error, omission, interruption, timeliness, completeness, deletion, defect, failure of performance, computer virus, communication line failure, alteration of, or use of any Materials (including content therein), regardless of cause, for any damages resulting therefrom.
As a condition of use of the Site, you agree to indemnify The World Bank Group, and each of its member institutions, from and against any and all actions, claims, losses, damages, liabilities, and expenses (including reasonable attorneys' fees) arising out of your use of the Site, including without limitation any claims alleging facts that if true would constitute a breach by you of these Terms and Conditions. You will cooperate as fully as reasonably required in the defense of any such claim. The World Bank Group reserves the right, at its own expense, to assume the exclusive defense and control of any matter otherwise subject to indemnification by you, and you shall not in any event settle any matter without the written consent of The World Bank Group.
Any dispute between The World Bank Group, or any of its member institutions, and you arising out of, or in connection with, the Site or your use of the Site which cannot be amicably settled between the parties to such dispute shall be arbitrated in accordance with the Commercial Arbitration Rules of the American Arbitration Association then in effect by one arbitrator appointed in accordance with those rules. The arbitration shall take place in the District of Columbia. Any resulting arbitration decision shall be final and binding on both parties. Judgment upon any arbitration award in favor of The World Bank Group may be entered in any court having jurisdiction thereof. The World Bank Group Terms and Conditions and the relationship between you and The World Bank Group shall be governed by the laws of the District of Columbia as an agreement wholly performed therein without regard to its conflict of law provisions.
Nothing herein shall constitute or be considered to be a limitation upon or a waiver of the privileges and immunities of any of the member institutions of The Work Bank Group, which are specifically reserved.
These Terms and Conditions may be amended by The World Bank Group from time to time at our sole discretion. Upon amendment, we will place a notice on our homepage. Please periodically review the controlling version of these Terms and Conditions. All change are effective immediately when we post them. By continuing to use the Site subsequent to The World Bank Group making available an amended version of these Terms and Conditions, you thereby acknowledge, agree, and consent to such amendment.
The failure of The World Bank Group or any of its member institutions to exercise or enforce any right or provision of these Terms and Conditions shall not constitute a waiver of such right or provision. No waiver by The World Bank Group or any of its member institutions of any provision of this Agreement shall be binding except as set forth in writing and signed by its duly authorized representative.
These Terms and Conditions are fully assignable by The World Bank Group and will be binding upon and inure to the benefit of our successors and assigns.
No agency, partnership, joint venture, employee-employer, or franchiser-franchisee relationship is intended or created by these Terms and Conditions. You agree not make any public statements that assert or imply any relationship with The World Bank Group, unless you have The World Bank Group's prior written approval.
If any provision of these Terms and Conditions is found by a court of competent jurisdiction to be invalid, the court should nevertheless endeavor to give effect to the parties' intentions as reflected in the provision, and the other provisions of these Terms and Conditions remain in full force and effect.
The World Bank Group reserves all rights not expressly granted under these Terms and Conditions, and no other rights are granted by implication or estoppel or otherwise.
The headings in these Terms and Conditions are for convenience only and have no legal or contractual effect.
Your privacy on the Internet is of the utmost importance to us. Because we gather certain types of information about the users of the World Bank's sites and services, we want to ensure that you fully understand the terms and conditions surrounding the capture and use of that information. This privacy statement discloses what information we gather and how we use it. This privacy policy applies to all World Bank sites - that is all sites within the "worldbank.org" domain name.
II. What Information Does the World Bank Collect?
If you register for an email newsletter, buy a book, post to a blog or join a discussion group, you may be asked for information that helps to identify you, such as your name, email address, and organization. The information you are asked to provide is used for technical and customer administration of the site only and is not shared with third parties.
If you have ordered a publication or made other purchases online, the Bank uses a contractual fulfillment vendor to process and ship orders, and a credit card processing service to bill users. These companies do not retain, share, store or use identification information for any secondary purposes. These parties are not allowed to use such information except for the purpose of providing these services.
The World Bank has and will continue to contract with third-party vendors to track and analyze information about the usage of World Bank sites. This information is gathered so that the World Bank can better understand the usage of its sites and improve and develop them. None of this information can be used to identify individual site visitors. All vendors that the Bank works with have their own privacy policies that include clauses that they will not share Bank data with third parties unless specifically requested to do so by the Bank or as directed by law. All data collected by third party vendors is owned by the World Bank, and the World Bank will not share, sell, distribute or rent this information to anyone.
Only summaries of visitors' behavior are produced. Examples of this type of information include statistics on most popular and least popular pages. The information collected cannot be traced back to a particular individual.
The purpose of this data collection is so that the World Bank can better understand the preferences of its visitors and improve its site and services. This information is never connected with any personal information you supply to us if you register on our website.
When you register for one of our services, the World Bank sets a cookie, a small bit of code stored on your computer's hard drive that enables you to manage your subscriptions and online profile. By setting this cookie, the World Bank will remember you the next time you visit and won't have to bother you by asking questions you have already answered (like address information).
You are always free to decline cookies if your browser permits, although in that case you may not be able to use certain features on the site and may be required to re-enter information more frequently to use certain services on the website.
In addition, the World Bank also records your IP address, which is the Internet address of your computer, and information such as your browser type and operating system. This information helps us learn about the geographical distribution of our website visitors and the technology they use to access our site.
The World Bank operates Youth and the World Bank Group, a website that provides information on global issues that matter to today's youth.
To participate in the discussion forums, users are required to disclose their name and email address. This information is not used for commercial purposes, is not shared with third parties and is only used for site administration. Parents have the right to request removal of any personal information provided by their children. To remove information about their children from Bank systems, parents can send a message on the General Inquiries page with the full name and age of the child, where the child is registered, and a statement that the sender is the child's parent or legal guardian.
III. What If I Don't Want to Share My Information?
Registering on our site is optional. If you choose not to register or provide personal information, you can still use the World Bank's web site. However, you will not be able to purchase items or receive email newsletters.
If you register for a newsletter, post to a blog, or contribute to a forum, consultation, or conference the Bank will not share, sell, distribute or rent your information to anyone. On an occasional basis, and with your specific authorization, the Bank may share your mailing address information if you enter into a transaction on our Publications. Your information will only be shared if you indicate that you would like to receive information from UN agencies, multilateral banks or international organizations. Your e-mail address will never be shared with any outside party for marketing purposes and will be kept strictly confidential.
IV. Security
The World Bank Group employs a range of technologies to protect the information maintained on our systems from loss, misuse, unauthorized access or disclosure, alteration, or destruction.
V. How to Contact Us
If you have any questions or concerns about the World Bank Privacy Policy, please contact us.
Cookie: A cookie is a small amount of data, which often includes an anonymous unique identifier that is sent to your browser from a website's computers and stored on your computer's hard drive. Each web site can send its own cookie to your browser if your browser's preferences allow it, but (to protect your privacy) your browser only permits a website to access the cookies it has already sent to you, not the cookies sent to you by other sites. Once the user has closed the browser the cookie will no longer be accessed during that session.
Demographic Information: This may include your gender, age, postal code, interests, and other information you provide to us voluntarily. We use this information to provide you with personalized services and to analyze trends to ensure the information provided by the sites meets your needs. For example, we could offer personalized News or reminders about upcoming events if you tell us which programs and topics you're interested in.
IP Address: When your web browser or email application requests a web page or email from another computer on the Internet, it automatically gives that computer the address where it should send the information. This is called your computer's "IP address." (IP stands for "Internet protocol.") For many users accessing the Internet from a dial-up Internet service provider (ISP), the IP address will be different every time you log on. The World Bank does this to learn about the geographical make-up of its web site traffic.
Web Beacons: Also known as "clear gifs," "web bugs" or "pixel tags," these are tiny graphics with a unique identifier, similar in function to cookies, and are used to allow us to count users who have visited certain pages and to help determine the effectiveness of promotional or advertising campaigns. When used in HTML-formatted email messages, web beacons can tell the sender whether and when the email has been opened. In contrast to cookies, which are stored on a user's computer hard drive, web beacons are embedded invisibly on Web pages.
3. Cookies Policy
We use Google Analytics to track visitors on this site. Google Analytics uses cookies to collect this data. In order to be compliant with the GDPR regulation Google recently included a data processing amendment to its privacy policy. The data we collect will be processed anonymously and "Data sharing" is disabled. We don't use other Google services in combination with Google Analytics cookies.
2. Customer preference cookies
When you're browsing in this site, these cookies will remember your preferences (accept o not accept Cookies GA), for the best user experience.


As I've periodically mentioned, I've been thoroughly impressed with Twitter for iPhone, the app formerly known as Tweetie. It's not just a standout Twitter client and a wonder piece of iPhone software–I think that Loren Brichter, its creator, is one of the most gifted interface designers who's ever worked in software for any device.
Today, Twitter rolled out an update to the app, and while the list of features makes it look like a meaty winner, I've been fumbling with it so far.
I don't go to Twitter to see what the teeming masses of Twitter users are chatting about–actually, I do my darndest to narrow in on the people and topics I'm interested in. So I'm rarely interested in Twitter Trends, and I definitely would prefer that they don't keep covering up Tweets from the people I've chosen to follow.
2) Twitter for iPhone now sports an autocomplete feature: When you type an @, it figures out that you want to enter a Twitter user's name, and begins showing you a list of people. Very nice. Except…I can't tell why it shows the people it shows. Some of them I follow; some I don't. Some match the characters I'm typing; in other cases, it's their real name rather than their @name that matches. People who I do follow don't show up at all. And if I start backspacing to erase some of the characters I've typed, I get a different list of people than I did a moment before when I'd typed precisely the same partial Twitter name.
I presume there's a logic to the list, but that it's too convoluted for me to understand. I thought for a moment it might be crosschecking Twitter users with people in my iPhone contacts–until Bill Gates popped up. Then I concluded that it was showing everyone who had the characters I'd typed in their names–until it showed people whose names didn't include all the characters I'd entered.
Twitter's Web site has a similar autocomplete feature, but shows different people: It restricts its list to the most recent 500 people you've followed. And Twitter for iPhone's documentation hasn't been updated, so it doesn't appear to explain this feature at all.
Bottom line: I still love Twitter for iPhone. But I'd love it more if I could turn off these features.
Quick Bar is evil. Luckily I still had the old Twitter app on my Mac, so I was able to delete this new one on my iPhone and re-sync.
I think everything is possible for this application.
I love Twitter so much. I prefer it than Facebook or other social networking sites. I was really glad when this news was reported.


Licensure as a petroleum release services professional involves completing three main components, which are education, experience and examinations. In order to be eligible to apply for licensure as a petroleum release assessor, an individual must have earned at least a high school diploma or a baccalaureate degree in engineering or related science as well as gained a minimum of five years or one year, respectively, of qualifying petroleum release assessment experience under the direct supervision of licensed petroleum release services professionals.
In order to be eligible to apply for licensure as a petroleum release remediator, an individual must have earned at least a baccalaureate degree or a master and/or doctoral degree in engineering or related science as well as gained a minimum of three years or two years, respectively, of qualifying petroleum release remediation experience under the direct supervision of licensed petroleum release remediators. Upon approval of the application by the Board and passing the South Dakota petroleum release take home exam as well as the South Dakota take home exam on laws and rules, the individual is licensed as a petroleum release assessor or remediator and may begin to legally practice the profession of petroleum release services in accordance with the license that has been granted.
Applicants should refer to the Blue Book (covering South Dakota Codified Law (SDCL) 36-18A-31 and Administrative Rule of South Dakota (ARSD) 20:38:30:05 and ARSD 20:38:30:06) for specific information regarding education requirements for licensure as a Petroleum Release Remediator. Applications should refer to the Blue Book (covering SDCL 36-18A-31, ARSD 20:38:31:01, ARSD 20:38:31:06 and ARSD 20:38:31:07) for specific information regarding experience requirements for licensure as a Petroleum Release Assessor or as a Petroleum Release Remediator.
Or print, then complete the Petroleum Exam Application (Adobe PDF format) and submit it and the fee by mail.
Before taking the exam, you will need to have references complete and submit an Exam Reference Form (Adobe PDF format), as detailed in the Petroleum Exam Application instructions.
The completed application form and all of the required supporting documentation must be received by the Board office, along with achieving a passing score on the petroleum release services exam, by the following deadline for consideration at the respective Board meeting.
The petroleum release services exam is an open book, take-home exam which will be mailed to you after you complete and submit the Petroleum Exam Application online. The cost of the exam is included in the $150 application fee. The exam is to be completed and returned to the Board office (using the address below) within 30 days, as well as by the application deadline above for consideration at the respective Board meeting. The exam will be scored within two weeks of receipt.
As mentioned above, there is a $150 application fee for the petroleum release services license, which includes the cost of the exam. Please visit our Fees web page for additional information on fees involved in licensure of petroleum release services.
Individual licensees are expected to maintain their professional competency by participating in continuing education activities throughout their practicing career. Generally, licensees are expected to earn a minimum of 30 professional development hours (PDH) during each two years of licensure and demonstrate their compliance with this minimum requirement by submitting a "PDH log" showing their completed continuing education activities at the time of renewing their individual license. A maximum of 10 PDH can be earned in professional management subjects, with the balance being earned in technical subjects relating to their petroleum release services practice.
Individual licensees should refer to the Blue Book (covering SDCL 36-18A-39 and ARSD 20:38:35:01-10) for specific information regarding continuing professional development requirements for maintaining licensure as a Petroleum Release Assessor or a Petroleum Release Remediator.
Visit the Spill Control Association of America (SCAA) website for information on providers of continuing education for petroleum release services. Please note this link is provided as a service to licensees. It is not an endorsement from the South Dakota Board of Technical Professions. The Board does NOT pre-approve courses for those organizations offering continuing education/Professional Development Hours (PDH). Licensees should take only those courses that meet Board requirements and are pertinent to the petroleum release services profession.


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U.S. XC Championships Returning to Boulder
Organizers are hoping to recreate the huge success of the 2007 event.
May 24, 2013 Brian Metzler
Alan Culpepper won the men's 12K race at the 2007 U.S. cross country championships in Boulder. Photo: USATF
The U.S. cross country championships are returning to Boulder, Colo., in 2014 and 2015, and the organizers are hoping to recreate the huge success the last time the event was staged there in 2007.
The races will be held on a similar course at Flatirons Golf Course, says event director Sean Nesbitt, who was part of the race organization that put on the USATF Cross Country Championships in February 2007 under the direction of Peter Julian.
Those races drew more than 500 runners in six U.S. championship races in the masters, juniors and open divisions and a crowd that was estimated as large as 10,000 spectators. Alan Culpepper won the men's 12K race in 37:09 (outrunning fellow University of Colorado alums Adam Goucher, Dathan Ritzenhein and Jorge Torres, who finished 2-3-4, respectively.) Deena Kastor dominated the women's 8K race, running 26:47 to beat Shalane Flanagan by more than a minute.
RELATED — Destination: Boulder, Colorado
The 2014 championship will be held on Feb. 15, while the 2015 event will likely be held on Feb. 14. The races will be managed by BX Race Management in conjunction with Boulder Road Runners and Bolder Insurance.
Nesbitt hopes to make the races as community-oriented as possible. A kick-off event is being planned for late summer to drum up volunteers and spread the information about the races.
"One great thing about this sport is how close you get to the action … and it's free," says Nesbitt, who is the director of facilities planning at Metropolitan State University in Denver, where he formerly served as head track and cross country coach. "The goal is to bring in as many people as we can to see the event, so they can be on the sidelines and feel the mud and the sweat."
Nesbitt is a former collegiate runner at Eastern Oregon University who ran in the 2004 U.S. Olympic Trials Marathon. He ran in the U.S. cross country championships four times, finishing as high as 23rd in 2003.
"The bar was really set in 2007 and I don't think it's been matched since. But if any place can do it, it's the Boulder community," he says. "I know what Colorado endurance sports fans are like. The Boulder event in 2007 and the U.S. Pro Cycling Challenge the last two years had a carnival atmosphere and excitement about them, and that's what we want. It's extremely exciting to be a part of that, and it really helps get the youth into the sport."
Boulder is also hosting the U.S. Cyclocross National Championships on Jan. 8-12.
Nesbitt says he's received a lot of support from the City of Boulder and from the management of the city-owned golf course.
He hopes to have at least $35,000 in prize money for the 2014 race, and $50,000 for the 2015 race, but says the organizing group will put additional money into the prize purse if all race production costs are covered.
"One great selling point cross country is that it brings the best milers, the best 10,000-meter runners and the best marathoners all to one playing surface," Nesbitt says. "It's a time of the year that runners are all working on their strength training, so it's a good test of where they're at in their base training. It's a lot of fun to have everyone competing out there in that kind of setting."
Boulder is situated at 5,430 feet above sea level, but the success of the races in 2007 helped make that a non-factor in the bid process, Nesbitt says. Plus, Boulder is an especially attractive venue for the 2015 race because it will serve as a qualifying race for the U.S. team that will race in Guiyang, China, which has an elevation of 4,180 feet.
"I think USATF was more than impressed with the way we put on the race and the outcome in 2007 and were excited we put in a bid," Nesbitt says. "We did a very diligent job and proving altitude wouldn't be a factor, making the course as flat as possible and getting letters of approval from some of the top training groups in the U.S."
The local organizing group's advisory committee for the championships includes, among others, Culpepper, a two-time U.S. Olympian who is now a race director for the Rock 'n' Roll Marathon Series, John Supsic, the head cross country and track coach at Metropolitan State University in Denver, Don Janicki, the elite athlete coordinator for the Bolder Boulder 10K and a former 2:11 marathoner, Leif Steiner, a former 1:47 800-meter runner at Penn State, and Benji Durden, runner-up at the 1980 U.S. Olympic Trials Marathon, as well as members of the Boulder Road Runners.
The group behind the 2007 U.S. championships explored the possibility of bringing the IAAF championships to Boulder, but it didn't pan out.
"If I had won the Power Ball on Saturday, I'd love to bring worlds to Boulder," Nesbitt says.
BOLDERBoulder


The most common terms for removable appliances are "flippers" and "partial dentures". The commonality of all removable appliances is that they have acrylic teeth to match the size, shape, and color of adjacent teeth in the patient's mouth. They vary in the materials that hold the teeth in place and how they attach to the patient's natural teeth. An all acrylic removable partial denture or "flipper" is exactly as the name implies; denture teeth attached to pink acrylic. An RPD or cast framework partial denture contains denture teeth and metal as a supporting substructure. The strength and durability of a metal substructure makes an RPD much better fitting and long lasting.
The advantages of removable appliances are that they can more economically replace multiple missing teeth than similar fixed appliances. A one toothed "flipper" is often a short term appliance worn while preparing for a fixed appliance. The disadvantages of removable appliances is that they can becoming embarrassingly loose in public, their movement creates sore spots, and imperil adjacent teeth if they are not properly removed and cleaned.
The two most common options to replace a tooth with a fixed appliance is either a dental implant or dental bridge. Implants and bridges are cemented or bonded in place and are not removed. Both mimic the size and shape of the teeth they replace with modern dental porcelains and feel and function like natural teeth. Perhaps the best way to contrast a bridge and implant is to look at how the replaced missing tooth is supported.
An implant is a titanium "root" that can be placed in the jaw to which a crown can be bonded or cemented. Most people say placing an implant is far less uncomfortable than having the original tooth removed. A bridge requires preparing the adjacent teeth to the missing space and fabricating a prosthesis that fits over the adjacent prepared teeth and fills the missing space. This prosthesis is cemented or bonded in place and is not removed.
Similar dental porcelains are used. Deciding upon a bridge or implant is very situational, and is best discussed and decided upon with your dentist.
Complete denture wearers no longer have to suffer with sore spots and embarrassing loose dentures. Implants can be placed and teeth attached to them. Implants can also be placed and a denture fabricated that "snaps" into place. Although it can be removed to clean, one can eat and function almost as well as natural teeth.
With the advent and predictability of implants, one no longer needs to suffer with moving teeth, lack of taste, and sore spots. See your dentist and discuss a plan that best meets your needs and the existing condition of your mouth.


Not a day goes by now without some talk about the "stimulus bill" being discussed by very important people in some very important chamber deep in a crevice of the Capitol building. But with so much news on the plan, the details can become muddy and confusing and before we know it we're completely lost and ready to top off our glass of Pinot Noir and take the dog for another walk before we kneel at the doorstep of Thomas.gov, take a deep breath, and start all over in trying to understand it all.
Your eligibility for this credit begins to phase out if you're an individual with an adjusted gross income over $75,000 or a couple with income higher than $150,000.
Unemployment: Normally, you pay federal income taxes on federal unemployment benefits. In 2009, however, you won't have to pay taxes on the first $2,400 in benefits you receive.
Now, the federal government will subsidize 65 percent of the premium for up to nine months. To be eligible, you need to have been forced out of your job between Sept. 1, 2008, and Dec. 31, 2009. Also, your income in the year you receive the subsidy cannot be more than $125,000 for individuals or $250,000 for married couples filing their taxes jointly.
If you lost your job after Sept. 1, 2008, and declined Cobra coverage, you'll now get another chance. Call your former company in the next two months to find out how this will work.
Social Security: In 2009 a number of retirees and disabled people, including Social Security recipients, will receive a $250 refundable tax credit. The money would arrive within 120 days of the bill's signing.
First-Time Home Buyer Credit: First-time home buyers are eligible for a refundable tax credit equal to 10 percent of the purchase price of their home, up to $8,000, if they made the purchase after Jan. 1, 2009, but before Dec. 1, 2009. (This gem is for singles who make under $75,000, or a married couples who make under $150,000).


GSC has officially confirmed that Berserker will be joining Saber Alter, Archer, Lancer, and Caster in the Nendoroid Petit Fate/Stay Night Extension Set. Yes, that would make him the largest Petit ever – and we mistook him for being a regular-sized Nendoroid due to his size. In any case, this set will be released on October 2011 with a price tag of 4800 Yen.
Supposedly the container for Nendoroid Gumako: Support version?
This entry was posted in News and tagged archer, berserker, caster, cheerful japan, fate stay night, gumako, lancer, nendoroid, petit, puchi, saber alter, support.


5/08/2016 · Video Lecture on Open Circuit Test and Short Circuit Test on Transformer of Chapter Single phase Transformer of Subject Basic Electrical Engineering for First-Year Engineering Students.... In small transformers, often plastic bobbins with pins are used, and the windings are connected to these pins, like shown here, and then the whole transformer is soldered to a printed circuit board. The example shown here is a current sensing transformer, which also has a one-turn, high current winding, which is brought out separately from the bobbin pins.
A phasor diagram based on the exact equivalent circuit of Fig. 6-11(b) is shown in Fig. 6-12. In this phasor diagram θ L is the power factor angle of the load connected to the secondary terminals of the transformer.... Transformer windings are made mainly of copper. Even though copper is a good conductor, it possess a finite resistance. Both the primary and the secondary have finite resistances R 1 and R 2.These resistances are uniformly spread throughout the windings.
To design a transformer capable of producing optimum performance you will need to take care and accurately calculate different parameters like the core area, turns per volt, number of turns, current, window area, stack height and many other factors critically related to transformer performance.... The transformer does this by linking together two or more electrical circuits using a common oscillating magnetic circuit which is produced by the transformer itself. A transformer operates on the principals of "electromagnetic induction", in the form of Mutual Induction.
Does a transformer use power when output isn't under load?
25/06/2011 · Just for clarity, here's how the primaries should be wired: [eta] Drawing updated You might use the 240v connection on 120v to obtain a lower voltage, lower current output from the secondary winding, but you cannot use the 120v wiring on 240v without damaging the transformer.
Following the drawout circuit breaker (a1) from the transformer, it is attached to a heavier, horizontal line. This horizontal line represents an electrical bus , which is a means used to get electricity to other areas or circuits.


So about a month ago, I was disassembling a pellet gun to rebuild the cylinder. It was no longer holding air pressure and needed some o-rings replaced. I had to completely take it apart, and in the process and spring shot out and I heard it hit the trash can. I did a search around on the floor on the outside of the can with no results, which led me to believe it went inside. I carefully went through the trash, putting the papers and dust bunnies in the wood stove after "declaring them spring free." I got to the bottom of the can which was full of dust, and put a magnet down there to pull out the metal spring. No good. I took the can outside and spread the last of the dust, dog hair, and dryer lint in a thin layer on the ground and ran my spring seeking hands over it. No good. I MUST HAVE THROWN IT IN THE WOOD STOVE!
Next I carefully scraped all of the fresh ashes and coals off of the top with my metal shovel, and put them in my metal ash bucket. I take them outside and quench the heat out of the coals with water. I dump all the floating material in the grass, and then the sinking minerals and what not i put on the concrete pad outside my door. I spread it thin with my hands, knowing that the spring it gonna turn up. Nope. Last resort....I have a small spring assortment that I have acquired over the years. I just magically found one of the same diameter. It was much stronger, and had to cut it shorter to compensate for the spring strength. Since the reassembly, I have looked down at the pile of damp ashes outside my door every time I walk past, hoping that the spring will magically appear.
So, today while doing some mopping, I found it. I know that I searched high and low in the kitchen, but somehow it found itself a tiny cave in order to do a month long hibernation.
I guess the question is now, do I take it all back apart and put the original spring in? or just leave it alone and not risk it happening again?


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BISE DG Khan Board 10th Class Result 2020
Click here to Check 10th Class Result 2020 Online Here
Click here to Check Matric Result 2020 Online Here
Click here to check 10th Class Position Holders 2020
Inter Admission Guide
Inter Colleges
Inter Past Papers
Inter Merit Lists
Inter Notes
Inter Lectures
Inter Scholarships
Matriculation is very important examination for the students. It is the first step of a three step ladder which has many sub-steps in it. The first major step is matriculation examination as after ten years of rigorous studying, the students appear for the examination. The entire skill level of the students is evaluated in two different halves, one exam is taken at the end of 9th grade and the other at 10th grade. BISE DG Khan has conducted examination for the 10th class in the month of March. As soon as the examination is conducted successfully, the students keep themselves result awaited. BISE DG Khan Board 10th Class Result 2020 is scheduled to be released soon. The result is just around the corner.
Please select your board from given list below to check result;
Dera Ghazi Khan was not categorized as one of the major educational centers and were initially managed by BISE Lahore. However, the exponential growth had caused the controlling authority to bifurcate BISE Lahore and it resulted in BISE DG Khan. At the moment, result is much awaited by the students associated with BISE DG Khan. The board has millions of students associated with it as Okara, Pakpatan and DG Khan are no smaller towns, they are now included among the major cities of Pakistan. The result dates are yet to be made public but sources strongly recommend that the results are going to be published soon. The probable result announcement dates could be between July to September as all the boards will deliver the result on the same day. As soon as the date is finalized and when we reach that date, result shall be publicized and accessible to all through the official website of BISE DG Khan.
Result of 10th Class 2020 BISE DG Khan Board
BISE DG Khan was formulated under the West Pakistan Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education Ordinance in 1989. It was an offshoot of the BISE Multan Board depending upon the need of the hour. The jurisdiction areas were too humungous to manage for the existing board with tremendous increase in the number of students and educational institutes. Currently, BISE DG Khan is operated under the Punjab Boards of Intermediate and Secondary Education Act, 1976. The board took its first breath on January 04, 1989 with a camp office established within the building of BISE Multan Board. However, two years later, the functions were shifted to the city of DG Khan. The board of governors (BOGs) are the decision makers for BISE DG Khan which includes 15 members.
BISE DG Khan doesn't take any grant or scholarship from the government as it is an independent body which generates its own funds. The board awards / withdraws recognition to its affiliated institutes, put forwards the conditions of appointment, grants certificates, result cards, NOCs and promote the use of scholarships. In addition to that, BISE DG Khan fixes and demands fees, make provisions for building, furniture, books and other means required to carry out the business of the board. The operations of BISE DG Khan are managed through various committees and branches. The working committees are date of birth committee, name correction committee, inspection committee, appeal committee, DPC committee, appointment committee, finance committee, scrutiny committee, and auction committee. The branches include establishment, estate, sports, library, audit, finance, enquiry, stores, secrecy, verification, conduct, confidentiality, matric and intermediate branches respectively.
10th class result 2020 bise board
Pakistan has a diverse educational system as it is based not only on one or two systems but is a multi-system with various clichés among it. There are three basic educational systems in the country; Matriculation, Cambridge and Madrassahs. Matriculation is often termed for the ordinary middle and upper middle classes, whereas, Cambridge has always been the trend for the upper and mostly elite classes. Lastly, Madrassah education is available in the cities too but is mostly practiced in far off areas as the access to other educational avenues is not feasible. Matriculation is studied till 10 grades and a student is graduated into intermediate level.
In Cambridge system, the study is divided into ordinary and advanced levels known as O levels and A levels. Students study 13 grades and are then eligible for University studies. Lastly, Madrassah are the most complex system in which there is no standardized course, however, the government is trying hard to improve it. The students of this system first acquires the status of Hifz and then studies and passes various levels which are equal to Matriculation level. Once the students pass those, they are eligible for intermediate study. No matter what the system is one studying, the importance of examinations can't be ignored, therefore, students need to prepare themselves well and secure good marks in the exams. For all the latest updates, regarding BISE DG Khan 10th Class Results, keep exploring our website.
BISE AJK Board 12th Class Position Holders 2020
BISE Quetta Board 12th Class Position Holders 2020
Aga Khan Board 12th Class Position Holders 2020


OMG, this is great news for those who requested it! Cheers Blizzard, great job on the app.
I was unable to find it by searching google play for it. I had to come to wowhead and click the link. Strange.
Sure, they could enable it in WoW and OW due to a newer code base, but you'd still be visible on D2 or D3 or WC3 or Hots or SC2, etc.
As in, you want to log onto WoW & stop ppl. talking to you\/play uninterrupted...? Time to have a clear-out of your RealID friends & get rid of those who have difficulty understanding LMTFA -- easy.
Same here! And while I have it downloaded on my phone, it doesn't show under the Playstores "My installed Apps & Games". It must be THAT fresh haha! This is awesome!
Still hoping for it, but patiently. I comment whenever I can that it would be a nice feature to keep it in people's minds if they see my comment but I won't hate blizz for it when they got lots of other things to do.
Nah, not necessarily that. I think some people just want to be able to take a "sick day" or 2 (especially at new expansion launches) and not feel weird when their boss \/ co-workers see them online. I know it's not always possible if you play the same game or if you are in the same guild, but some co-workers might just play Hearthstone and not WoW. Would be nice if we can "hide" from them.
Just downloaded, this is great. I only talk to some of my old guild buddies and current guild buddies on WoW and would always have to wait until I got home to talk to them, now I can do it anywhere. Great job!
I didn't manage to find it on google play either. I had to go via the wowhead link as well, weird!
I am sure the iOS app will follow shortly.
Samsung Note 2 is too old to run this, in case i'm not the only one still using this phone.


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1778 Capt. Cook Antique Print Portrait of Oedidee, Bora Bora met by Cook in 1773
Publisher : Captain James Cook
Title : O-Hedidee, Jeune homme de Bolabala
Size: 10in x 8in (255mm x 205mm)
This fine original copper-plate engraved antique print, a portrait of O-Hedidee or Oedidee of the island of Bora Bora in the Society Islands, met by Captain James Cook during his 2nd Voyage of Discovery in the South Seas in 1773, was engraved by Robert Benard - after William Hodges - and was published in the 1778 French edition of Capt. James Cooks 2nd Voyage of Discovery to the South Seas A voyage towards the South Pole, and round the World. Performed in His Majestys ships the Resolution and Adventure, in the years 1772, 1773, 1774, and 1775..... Paris : Hotel de Thou ......1778
O-Hedidee or Oedidee, was a native of Bora Bora, Society Islands, French Polynesia, was about 17 or 18 years of age when he was taken on board the Resolution at Raiatea Island on 17 September 1773. He is described in Hawkesworths account as a young man with curly hair and flattish nose, wearing a gown. Cook wrote: he may be of use to us if we should fall in with and touch at any isles in our rout to the west which was my only motive for taking him on board. Cook Journals II.
O-Hedidee traveled with Cook from Raiatea to New Zealand, Easter Island, and Tahiti, returning to Raiatea on 4 June 1774, having been with the Resolutions company for seven months.
General Definitions:
Paper thickness and quality: - Heavy and stable
Paper color : - off white
Age of map color: -
Colors used: -
General color appearance: -
Paper size: - 10in x 8in (255mm x 205mm)
Plate size: - 9 1/2in x 7 1/4in (240mm x 185mm)
Margins: - Min 1/2in (12mm)
Margins: - Light soiling in margins
Bora Bora is a 30.55 km2 island group in the Leeward group in the western part of the Society Islands of French Polynesia, an overseas collective of France in the Pacific Ocean. The main island, located about 230 kilometres northwest of Papeete, Tahiti is surrounded by a lagoon and a barrier reef. In the center of the island are the remnants of an extinct volcano rising to two peaks, Mount Pahia and Mount Otemanu, the highest point at 727 metres
The island was inhabited by Polynesian settlers around the 4th century C.E. The first European sighting was made by Jakob Roggeveen in 1722.
James Cook sighted the island on 29 July 1769, using a Tahitian navigator, Tupaia. The London Missionary Society arrived in 1820 and founded a Protestant church in 1890. Bora Bora was an independent kingdom until 1888 when its last queen Teriimaevarua III was forced to abdicate by the French who annexed the island as a colony.
William Hodges RA 1744 – 1797 was an English painter. He was a member of James Cooks second voyage to the Pacific Ocean, and is best known for the sketches and paintings of locations he visited on that voyage, including Table Bay, Tahiti, Easter Island, and the Antarctic.
Between 1772 and 1775 Hodges accompanied James Cook to the Pacific as the expeditions artist. Many of his sketches and wash paintings were adapted as engravings in the original published edition of Cooks journals from the voyage.
Most of the large-scale landscape oil paintings from his Pacific travels for which Hodges is best known were finished after his return to London; he received a salary from the Admiralty for the purposes of completing them. These paintings depicted a stronger light and shadow than had been usual in European landscape tradition. Contemporary art critics complained that his use of light and colour contrasts gave his paintings a rough and unfinished appearance.
Hodges also produced many valuable portrait sketches of Pacific islanders and scenes from the voyage involving members of the expedition..
Robert Bénard 1734 – 1777 was an 18th-century French engraver.
Specialized in the technique of engraving, Robert Ménard is mainly famous for having supplied a significant amount of plates (at least 1,800) to the Encyclopédie by Diderot & d\'Alembert from 1751.
Later, publisher Charles-Joseph Panckoucke reused many of his productions to illustrate the works of his catalog.
1774, 1777 & 1785 Capt James Cook 3 Atlas Volumes 1st Editions...
1778 Antonio Zatta Antique Map of New Zealand af. Captain James Cook...
1930 Evan Gill Antique Map of Missions in PNG - Brother to...
1597 Cornelis Wytfliet Antique Map Early Important Map of Australia, South America...
1639 Hondius Antique Map of Australia, East Indies, India to China -...
1815 Swoboda & Hartl Large Old, Antique Map of Australia, Ulimaroa New...
1730 George Seutter Large Antique Map of Australia, East Indies, SE Asia,...
1851 John Tallis Antique Maps of Australia & States WA, SA, Vic,...
1753 Bellin Antique Map of Australia & New Zealand - Carte Reduite.....Australes
1774 Captain James Cook Antique Map, 1st Printed Chart of New Zealand


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