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Q: What is the best way to run ntpdate at reboot, only after network is ready I'm using a BeagleBone, and since it has no built in RTC and battery back up, it loses the date on every reboot.  I can easily set the date with the command:
/usr/bin/ntpdate -b -s -u pool.ntp.org
But if the power goes out and back on for the house for example, then the time is lost.  The solution that comes with the latest beaglebone Angstrom linux distribution is to put a crontab line in that updates the time every half hour.  But I would prefer to just run the command once on powerup.
I tried putting this command listed above in crontab with the @reboot line, but that I believe ran before network was configured, or something else failed since it didn't get me the right time when I pulled the power for 5 minutes and put it back to the beaglebone.
Is there some way to use ifconfig or something like that to run a script from init.d only after network is available?

A: opkg install ntp-systemd
systemctl enable ntpdate.service
systemctl enable ntpd.service

Edit /etc/ntp.conf and comment the following lines (no fallback on an hardware clock that doesn't exist and because the ntpdate service use the "ntpd -q" command)
#server 127.127.1.0
#fudge 127.127.1.0 stratum 14

Two services are installed:
/lib/systemd/system/ntpd.service:
[Unit]
Description=Network Time Service
After=network.target

[Service]
Type=forking
PIDFile=/run/ntpd.pid
ExecStart=/usr/bin/ntpd -p /run/ntpd.pid

/lib/systemd/system/ntpdate.service:
[Unit]
Description=Network Time Service (one-shot ntpdate mode)
Before=ntpd.service

[Service]
Type=oneshot
ExecStart=/usr/bin/ntpd -q -g -x
RemainAfterExit=yes

ntpd is started after the network is up (After=network.target) so the date should be continuously synchronized. BUT has explained in the ntpd man page:

Most operating systems and hardware of today incorporate a
  time-of-year (TOY) chip to maintain the time during periods when the
  power is off. When the machine is booted, the chip is used to
  initialize the operating system time. After the machine has
  synchronized to a NTP server, the operating system corrects the chip
  from time to time. In case there is no TOY chip or for some reason its
  time is more than 1000s from the server time, ntpd assumes something
  must be terribly wrong and the only reliable action is for the
  operator to intervene and set the clock by hand. This causes ntpd to
  exit with a panic message to the system log. The -g option overrides
  this check and the clock will be set to the server time regardless of
  the chip time. However, and to protect against broken hardware, such
  as when the CMOS battery fails or the clock counter becomes defective,
  once the clock has been set, an error greater than 1000s will cause
  ntpd to exit anyway.

So we need to set the date before starting ntpd and this is done by the ntpdate service by executing "ntpd -q -g -x" before starting ntpd.service.
From ntpd man page:

-q Exit the ntpd just after the first time the clock is set. This behavior mimics that of the ntpdate program, which is to be retired.
  The -g and -x options can be used with this option. Note: The kernel
  time discipline is disabled with this option.

Another service installed on the Beaglebone interact with the date/time
timestamp.service
[Unit]
Description=Timestamping service
ConditionPathExists=/etc/timestamp
After=remount-rootfs.service

[Service]
RemainAfterExit=yes
ExecStart=/usr/bin/load-timestamp.sh
ExecStop=/usr/bin/load-timestamp.sh --save

This service store the current timestamp in /etc/timestamp when it's stopped and set the date from that timestamp when it's started. So if ntpd isn't installed, the date set manually and the beaglebone rebooted, the date is only behind by the boot duration.

A: Do you have the /etc/network/if-post-up.d/ directory on your target system?  If so, scripts in that directory should be run when the network comes up.  If not, are you using DHCP?  Your DHCP client may support running scripts.


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· Upstate New York printer with over $100 million in sales. Developed and implemented an ink management system which reduced generation of hazardous waste by 69%, salvaged over $300K of usable inventory and reduced raw material purchases by over $750K per year.
· Western New York capital equipment design and fabrication company. Reduced routine engineering workload by 40%, reduced lead time for major processing equipment by 30% and enabled a $20 million (33%) increase in revenues over two years.
· Honeywell/Sensotec $25M sensor business. Increased output by 45% and tripled delivery reliability. Re-engineered workflow and processes increasing inventory turns 4X and shortening customer lead-time for custom products.
· At $5 billion HMO Oxford Health Plans, consolidated data center hardware to rescue failing IT processing operation and later to reduce transaction costs, while company operating in bankruptcy.
· Canadian Call Center: reduced average talk time from 75 minutes (peak time of 145 minutes) to an average of 27 minutes in a 5 month period.
· Canadian, UK and US assembly suppliers (of common, printer- product set): reduced warranty return rate from 4% to less than 0.5% within 18 months.


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What to Visit at Walt Disney World in Florida With Children
SeaWorld Orlando Facts
Walt Disney Park Guide
Victoria Bailey, Leaf Group
(Photo: Photo courtesy of SXC )
Points of Interest in Dallas
Attractions in Dallas and the Fort Worth Area
Walt Disney World, a 47-square-mile resort that launched in 1971 in Orlando, Florida, consists of four main theme parks, plus two water parks and Downtown Disney. Each park has a distinct flavor, with activities and atmosphere that meet the needs of every vacationer, with kids or without.
The Magic Kingdom
The Magic Kingdom, the original park at Walt Disney World, has five distinct areas arranged in spokes around the center at Cinderella Castle. Tomorrowland features Space Mountain. Fantasyland is aimed mostly at small children. Frontierland has an old-fashioned feel. Liberty Square is mostly low-key, but includes the Haunted Mansion. Finally, Adventureland features Pirates of the Caribbean and other rides.
Epcot, the Experimental Prototype Community of Tomorrow, divides into two distinct parts. Future World showcases energy, the environment, space, ecology, communication and scientific breakthroughs, with hands-on fun. The World Showcase contains pavilions from 11 countries with entertainment and food from each land. Live native performers frequently appear throughout the day, and craft stations await children in each country's pavilion.
Disney's Hollywood Studios, as the name implies, dedicates itself to the movies. From the Indiana Jones Stunt Spectacular, where audience members may join the show, to Star Tours, where you pilot your own space shuttle during a battle, the excitement doesn't stop. The Tower of Terror and Rock 'n' Roller Coaster featuring Aerosmith can't be missed by thrill-seekers, while 3-D Muppet shows or backlot tours offer somewhat more sedate entertainment.
Disney's Animal Kingdom, the newest park in Walt Disney World, features over 250 species of animals. Explore the park through safari rides, then take in a 3-D insect show. Go on a walking tour to see bats and Komodo dragons, take a river rapids water ride, travel to dinosaur land, or conquer Expedition Everest, in search of a Yeti.
Walt Disney World Vacation Planning Site
Working in sunny Florida, Anne Baley has been writing professionally since 2009. Her home and lifestyle articles have been seen on Coldwell Banker and Gardening Know How. Baley has published a series of books teaching how to live a frugal life with style and panache.
Vacations for Kids in San Antonio
Fun Stuff to Do in Houston With a Preschooler
Things You Should Not Miss in Vegas
What Is There to Do With Kids in Florida Besides Disney?
Northern California Theme Parks
Walt Disney World Vacations»

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Leave a Comment / Photography and Film / By Darrell Hookey / YAC, Photography, Chilkoot Trail, MacBride Museum, Yukon Arts Centre Public Gallery, Issue: 2008-11-13
"On top of everything else, you are a photographer, too?"
Didier Delahaye has a bemused look that I don't quite understand.
As the marketing director of the Yukon Arts Centre, I knew he was handy at graphic design as he creates much of the advertising.
And I knew he is a songwriter, musician, singer and writer.
But looking at a photo he took of the canyon in the central Colorado Plateau, you can tell he is a gifted photographer, too.
Sure, anyone can take a good snapshot of this rugged terrain; and anyone could take a striking photo at sunrise or sunset; but Delahaye took a photo under an unflattering high sun that nonetheless displayed grandeur, texture, fantastical colour and interesting shadows.
Then he explains his bemusement: "My career started out as a photographer."
And, no, he says, I won't be the only one who is surprised.
When his co-workers and the patrons of the Yukon Arts Centre walk by the Community Gallery, and are drawn in by the five large-format photos, they will see that Delahaye is, indeed, a photographer of the artistic kind.
"I just work with media," he clarifies. "In my previous Yukon life [in the 70s and 80s], I was an audio visual producer, so I would develop programs for visitor reception centres."
Sounds wonky, except he would often be the one to capture the magic and mystery of the Yukon's wilderness and then show it in the wall-sized displays.
"I would shoot Kluane and the Chilkoot and then show them at the MacBride Museum in a slide show," he says today.
"Photography was my first career, although I never called myself a professional photographer," he says. "It was just part of the job."
These past couple of decades, Delahaye has concentrated on his music. All the while, he was taken by the convenience of digital photography: "But after doing so much point and shoot, I craved going back to something that offered more creativity and more detail.
"I wanted to share places."
That. Right there. Is the power of this photography show.
These photos are huge – two of them are three feet by nine feet — and they make the viewer feel like they are there. This makes it all the more satisfying for Delahaye as he wants people to feel what he felt when he found this place.
Canyonlands shows a land that he visited while on vacation. While most tourists visited the much more popular, the much more photographed, Grand Canyon to the south, he and his partner visited The Great Gallery where the Green and Colorado rivers join.
It is an area that is reached after a lot of driving and a lot of hiking.
There, they found the largest pictograph site in North America. These paintings in rock affected him. When so much effort is spent reaching this place, people tend to sit and let it affect them.
Delahaye took many photos and, when he got home, stitched them together digitally.
Most are in full colour, but some are in black and white to heighten the perception of the texture of the rock.
And they are big.
"I'm showing you big country," he says. "I can show you a website or a book with its lovely pictures, but one big image is worth so much more.
"It gives you a sense of place.
"This should tell you a story in as an efficient way as possible."
The show, canyonlands, is on display during the month of November in the Yukon Arts Centre Community Gallery.
Feast at the Yukon Arts Centre
By Nicole Bauberger / 8 April 2005 29 July 2022 / Festivals, Visual Arts, Art Exhibits
Michelle Moreau and her potter partner Patrick Royle want to assure purchasers of local pottery that no glaze used on Royle's or any other local…
More Than One Way to Enjoy the Chilkoot Trail
By Reader / 25 July 2008 11 August 2021 / Active Living
BY LIANA B. BAKER The Chilkoot Trail does not have to mean blistered feet and achy calves. That is because you don't have to hike…
A 'Yukon Hillbilly' in Europe
By What's Up Yukon / 11 November 2008 16 February 2021 / Music
Gordie Tentrees has come a long way from his first Whitewater Wednesday Night Jam performance at The Backwater Lounge, now Flipper's Pub. He's released two…
Darrell Hookey
Darrell Hookey was the first editor for What's Up Yukon, a position he held from 2005 to 2010. Starting in 2015 upon his return to Yukon, Darrell has rejoined the team as a freelance contributor to What's Up Yukon. His columns Include: Stepping Up, Dining Fine and I'm Just Saying.


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Supercharge Your Gold Position With Precious Metal Royalty Companies
By Frank Holmes
CEO and Chief Investment Officer
U.S. Global Investors
Gold closed down as much as 1.26 percent today on a blowout jobs report that seemed to alleviate investor fears of an impending economic slowdown. The U.S. added as many as 266,000 jobs in November, beating expectations of 180,000, while the unemployment rate ticked down to a 50-year low of 3.5 percent.
The yellow metal remains on sound footing, though, and over the next 12 to 24 months, I see its price advancing further on strong fundamentals. Mean reversion, in particular, is the theme I believe investors should be focused on in 2020 and beyond.
This was the message shared by Bloomberg Intelligence commodity strategist Mike McGlone in a note to investors this week.
The chart below illustrates the 10-year rate of change for gold, the S&P 500 and U.S. trade-weighted dollar. In other words, it shows you how much each asset class has changed from a decade earlier.
As McGlone points out, both the stock market and U.S. dollar have recently increased at their fastest pace since the beginning of the millennium, whereas gold's rate of change has slumped after hitting its all-time high of $1,900 an ounce in 2011. The law of mean reversion suggests a rerating could occur in the early 2020s.
"The unsustainability of these trends in the third decade is a primary support factor for the dollar price of gold," McGlone writes.
"Unless the greenback and U.S. stocks are embarking on a new higher plateau," he adds, "dollar-denominated gold is poised to take the all-time new highs baton."
Here's another way to look at it. The left chart below shows the stock market priced in ounces of gold, while the right chart shows the market priced in gold miners, as measured by the NYSE Arca Gold Miners Index. Both bullion and miners are currently below their mean, indicating they're undervalued relative to the market. For mean reversion to take place, either gold will need to soar to new all-time highs or beyond, or stocks must tumble. In both cases, holding gold, I believe, is rational and prudent.
Royalty of the Precious Metal Industry
There are other ways to get exposure to gold than coins and bars, of course. One of the best ways to "supercharge" your gold position, I believe, is with precious metal royalty and streaming companies. Think Franco-Nevada, Wheaton Precious Metals, Royal Gold and others.
Loyal readers should know that I've discussed royalty companies a number of times before. Even so, I still come across new research and data that demonstrates their superiority in the metals and mining industry.
Take a look below. The world's largest royalty and streaming company with a market cap of $25 billion, Franco-Nevada has outperformed gold bullion and gold equities in both bull markets and bear markets. Investors who like gold do so because they understand that the yellow metal can limit losses in their equity position and reduce volatility. Adding a royalty company such as Franco-Nevada to the mix can be like injecting nitro into your souped-up sports car.
This is because while they enjoy a lot of the upside potential when gold prices are rising, royalty companies share very little of the downside potential with producers and explorers when the metal is in decline. Royalty companies are better insulated from bear markets because they have a diversity of high-quality active mines in their portfolio.
What's more, they're not the ones spending money to develop a project. They simply put up the capital, and in exchange they enjoy either a royalty on whatever the miner produces or rights to a stream of metal supply at a fixed, lower-than-average cost.
It's a win-win for the miner and royalty company, a win-win-win if you also include the investor.
To give you an idea of just how profitable royalty companies can be, look at the chart below, courtesy of Katusa Research. What you see is each company's net income, or profit, per employee. Some of the world's most recognizable names are highly profitable, generating around half a million dollars or more per employee after expenses. And then there's Franco-Nevada, which makes approximately $3.5 million per employee, or seven times Facebook's net income. It's in a league all its own.
And it's not alone. If Royal Gold were in the S&P 500, it would rank second in revenue per employee at $18.4 million, following only Host Hotels & Resorts, which generated an incredible $30.2 million per employee in fiscal year 2018.
It doesn't hurt that, as of August 2019, Royal Gold had only 23 employees. Compare that to the workforce of major metal producers such as Barrick (18,400 employees), Newmont-Goldcorp (39,600) and BHP Billiton (62,500).
I often recommend the 10 Percent Golden Rule, with 5 percent in physical gold and the other 5 percent in gold equities. But to supercharge your portfolio, I would strongly consider royalty and streaming companies.
Click here to see the estimated year-end distributions for our equity funds.
This week spot gold closed at $1,460.16, down $3.78 per ounce, or 0.26 percent. Gold stocks, as measured by the NYSE Arca Gold Miners Index, ended the week lower by 0.23 percent. The S&P/TSX Venture Index came finished up 1.13 percent. The U.S. Trade-Weighted Dollar fell 0.61 percent.
Dec-1 China Caxin PMI Mfg 51.5 51.8 51.7
Dec-2 ISM Manufacturing 49.2 48.1 48.3
Dec-4 ADP Employement Change 135k 67k 121k
Dec-5 Initial Jobless Claims 215k 203k 213k
Dec-5 Durable Goods Orders 0.6% 0.5% 0.6%
Dec-6 Change in Nonfarm Payrolls 180k 266k 156k
Dec-10 Germany ZEW Survey Current Situation -22.1 -- -24.7
Dec-10 Germany ZEW Survey Expectations 0.0 -- -2.1
Dec-11 CPI YoY 2.0% -- 1.8%
Dec-11 FOMC Rate Decision (Upper Bound) 1.75% -- 1.75%
Dec-12 Germany CPI YoY 1.1% -- 1.1%
Dec-12 ECB Main Refinancing Rate 0.00% -- 0.00%
Dec-12 PPI Final Demand YoY 1.2% -- 1.1%
Dec-12 Initial Jobless Claims 215k -- 203k
The best performing metal this week was palladium, up 2.04 percent as hedge funds increased their net-long position in the futures market to a five-week high. Gold traders and analysts are mostly bullish going into next week in the Bloomberg survey amid mixed signals over progress in the U.S.-China trade war. The yellow metal climbed sharply early in the week after President Trump said that he would be willing to wait another year before striking a deal with China.
The ISM non-manufacturing PMI fell to 53.9 in November, missing the median estimate of 54.5. Bloomberg reports the decrease was driven by the weakest reading of business activity since 2010. Gold rebounded slightly on Wednesday after ADP data showed fewer-than-expected jobs were added to the economy.
Australia's Perth Mint reported a 67 percent increase of sales of coins and minted bars in November from October of 54,261 ounces. This buying is largely driven by purchases by Britons amid uncertainty surrounding Brexit. The Australian Bureau of Statistics shows that Britons bought $5.3 billion of Australian gold in the third quarter of this year, which is the most ever in a single quarter and a 1,400 percent increase over the prior quarter.
The worst performing metal this week was silver, down 2.67 percent on little news. According to a government report on Friday morning, the economy added 266,000 jobs in November, the most since January. Gold fell sharply on the news. Gold imports by India fell for a fifth straight month in November amid the slowest economic growth in six years that has curbed demand during peak wedding season, reports Bloomberg. Turkey's gold reserves continue to fall. The central bank's holdings fell $102 million from the previous week to now total $26.5 billion. Russia's gold production from January to September rose 11 percent year-over-year to 268.6 tons.
Bank of America downgraded Fresnillo to neutral from buy following "fairly disappointing longer-term production guidance", reports Bloomberg. Centerra Gold says that two employees are missing at its Kumtor Mine in the Kyrgyz Republic after a big rock movement, according to a company statement. Newmont Goldcorp lowered its production forecast and raised its cost outlook. Bloomberg reports that the world's largest gold miner says output will be 6.7 million ounces in 2020 and all-in sustaining costs will be $975 an ounce. On a positive note, Newmont said it will repurchase as much as $1 billion of its own shares over the next year.
Burkina Faso has become increasingly dangerous for miners as a wave of militants from neighboring Mali moved eastward. Last month 39 people were killed on a bus convoy that was heading for a Semafo operation. The country is responding by increasing spending on defense and security to 13 percent of its 2020 budget. Bloomberg reports that gold mining and cotton are expected to help push economic growth in the West African nation to around 6 percent next year.
2019 is on track to be a 50-year high in central banks' net gold purchases. Bloomberg Intelligence reports that central banks have been absorbing about 20 percent of global gold mine supply. Based on the gold-to-silver ratio, it looks like silver might have more upside if demand for safe haven assets rises. Bloomberg's Eddie van der Walt writes that the gold-silver ratio has dropped to 86 from 93 in July and that means silver has outperformed on the back of gold's gains. UBS analyst Giovanni Staunovo is bullish on palladium and platinum. Staunovo wrote in a December 5 report that palladium will likely enter its ninth straight year of market deficit in 2020 and could climb above $2,000 an ounce. Even as platinum is set to enter a surplus, its price could be driven by gold. "As platinum is highly correlated to gold, our bullish view for gold should mean higher platinum prices, which we expect to trade at around $1,000 an ounce next year."
Zijin Mining Group Co. has agreed to buy Continental Gold in a rare all-cash deal worth C$1.37 billion – the second big takeover in a few weeks of a junior Canadian gold miner. Bloomberg reports the offer reflects a 29 percent premium to the Continental Gold share price from the past 20 days and that major shareholder Newmont Goldcorp was supportive of the deal. In hostile M&A news, Centamin Plc rejected Endeavour Mining Corp.'s $1.9 billion takeover offer saying that it undervalues its assets, reports Bloomberg News. Centamin has been a takeover candidate since the size of its Egyptian mine was discovered at the start of the decade, though the company has faced many operational setbacks.
Kinross Gold has been busy raising cash. Kinross announced this week that it has agreed to sell its remaining shares of Lundin Gold for C$150 million to Newcrest Mining and the Lundin Family Trust. Kinross earlier announced that it has sold its royalty portfolio to Maverix Metals for $74 million.
ABN Amro strategist Georgette Boele says they see gold weakening in the coming weeks and months with a price average of $1,400 an ounce. However, they do expect prices to increase to $1,600 by December of 2020. Before this happens, extreme net-long positioning would clear up because "these positions currently hang over the market and prevent prices from moving substantially higher."
Another sign of a weakening economy was released last week. The ISM manufacturing PMI unexpectedly declined to 48.1 in November, below the median forecast of 49.2. The reading remains below the 50 level that indicates activity is shrinking.
Bloomberg's Enda Curran writes that cheap borrowing costs have sent global debt to another record - $250 trillion of government, corporate and household debt. This level is almost three times global economic output and policymakers are now grappling with how to keep economies afloat – with more debt? According to Cornerstone Macro's head of technical analysis Carter Worth, his S&P 500 chart signals a 5 to 8 percent decline in the coming months. Bloomberg reports that the S&P 500 fell 1.4 percent on Tuesday, pushing it below an upward trend line established in October.
Index Summary
The major market indices finished mix this week. The Dow Jones Industrial Average lost 0.13 percent. The S&P 500 Stock Index rose 0.22 percent, while the Nasdaq Composite fell 0.10 percent. The Russell 2000 small capitalization index gained 0.69 percent this week.
The Hang Seng Composite gained 0.84 percent this week; while Taiwan was gained 1.05 percent and the KOSPI fell 0.29 percent.
The 10-year Treasury bond yield rose 6 basis points to 1.84 percent.
Domestic Equity Market
Energy was the best performing sector of the week, increasing by 1.52 percent versus an overall increase of 0.12 percent for the S&P 500.
Ulta Beauty was the best performing S&P 500 stock for the week, increasing 12.12 percent.
Ulta Beauty stock rallied after it issued positive financial results for its third quarter of fiscal 2019, reports Yahoo! Finance. The operator of beauty stores posted adjusted earnings per share of $2.23, a 3.2 percent increase from the prior quarter, on net sales of $1.68 billion.
Industrials was the worst performing sector for the week, decreasing by 1.09 percent versus an overall increase of 0.12 percent for the S&P 500.
Apache was the worst performing S&P 500 stock for the week, falling 10.28 percent.
Apache's stock plunged to an 18-year low on Monday, writes MarketWatch, after the oil and natural gas producer provided a disappointing update of its first exploratory well in Block 58 offshore Suriname.
It looks like Diamondback Energy is starting a new chapter, reports Nasdaq. The energy company spent the past five years building out a large-scale drilling operation in the oil-rich Permian Basin. As a result, the company has rapidly grown its oil production in recent years through a combination of acquisitions and organic drilling, the article explains. However, it plans to slow its investment pace in the new year. That will enable it to turn its focus toward generating free cash flow, which was one of the key themes on its third-quarter conference call. That could make it a big winner next year.
Expedia's CEO and CFO are leaving and the stock market seems to like the move, reports Barron's. Shares rose on Wednesday morning after the travel-booking company announced that its chief executive and chief financial officer are leaving, after poor financial results led to disagreements with the board on strategy.
UBS analysts placed a buy rating on Jacobs Engineering saying: "We expect the next leg up in the stock to be driven by cleaner earnings reports with fewer adjustments, improved cash flow, and results approaching JEC's identified earnings potential. We think earnings will be driven by steady core growth, margin initiatives, some M&A, and buybacks. JEC is in the middle of shifting its business mix to higher-margin opportunities."
Oil and gas stocks have never fallen for three straight years in the S&P 500 Energy Index's three-decade history. This year, however, that streak is at risk of ending. The industry gauge was up only 1.2 percent for the year, as of Thursday, after dropping as much as 19 percent from a peak in April. Energy had the worst year-to-date performance among the S&P 500's 11 main industry groups through Thursday, when it lagged behind the broader index by 23 percentage points.
Although Zoom Video Communications raised its full-year revenue outlook, RBC Capital warns that the narrowing upside surprise on revenue compared to last quarter, and the divergence of billings and RPO growth rates may serve to pressure the share price in the near-term. Analyst Alex Zukin cut his price target by $20 to $75 per share.
Yext, a New York City technology company, plunged as much as 23 percent on Friday after disappointing third-quarter results and a forecast cut, its biggest drop since going public in 2017. Yext said the launch of its new search product disrupted its sales execution and prolonged purchasing cycles.
The Economy and Bond Market
Hiring roared back in a big way in November. U.S. employers added 266,000 jobs last month, topping all estimates in a Bloomberg survey, according to Labor Department report Friday. The surge was boosted by General Motors Co. workers returning to work after a 40-day strike.
American consumer attitudes improved markedly in December, the University of Michigan said Friday in a preliminary estimate. The University of Michigan's gauge of consumer sentiment rose to a preliminary December reading of 99.2 from a final November reading of 96.8. Economists polled by MarketWatch expected a December reading of 96.9.
The jobless rate dipped to 3.5 percent and average hourly earnings climbed 3.1 percent from a year earlier, beating forecasts.
Manufacturing activity continued to lag in November amid a decline in inventories and new orders, according to the latest ISM Manufacturing reading released Monday. The reading came in at 48.1 versus an expectation of 49.4 and the previous month's reading of 48.3. Though the level is usually reported as a simple number, it actually denotes the percentage of manufacturers planning to expand operations. A reading below 50.0 represents contraction; November was the fourth straight month below the expansion level.
U.S. services sector activity slowed more than expected in November amid lingering concerns about trade tensions and worker shortages, which could revive fears about the economy's health. The Institute for Supply Management (ISM) said on Wednesday its non-manufacturing activity index fell to a reading of 53.9 in last month from 54.7 in October. Economists polled by Reuters had forecast the index dipping to a reading of 54.5 in November.
Spending on U.S. construction projects fell 0.8 percent in October, dragged down by declines in apartment and multi-family homebuilding. Private construction spending declined 1 percent in October, the Commerce Department said Monday. That follows another significant 1.1 percent decline in September. Overall private residential construction dipped 0.9 percent, with multifamily projects declining 1.6 percent in October after a 2.1 percent decline in September.
The spotlight next week will fall on the Federal Reserve meeting on Wednesday. Markets are confident rates will be kept unchanged, pricing in no chance of a rate cut, as policymakers have been clear that they will stay on hold for some time.
Retail sales numbers for November will come out on Friday. They are expected to move up marginally to 0.4 percent from last month's 0.3 percent.
Consumer price index (CPI) inflation figures for November will come out on Wednesday before the Fed decision. The forecast is for inflation to ramp up to 2 percent on a year-over-year measure, up from the previous 1.8 percent reading.
In China, the world's second-largest economy, trade data for November will be released over the weekend, and inflation figures for that month will follow on Tuesday. Markets typically pay most attention to exports and producer prices – the former seen as a gauge of global demand and the latter of factory activity in China. While these could be important for global risk appetite, the main factor will be what happens in the trade saga. The coming week is crucial because unless a "phase one" deal is reached – or at least appears imminent – then the Trump administration has stated it will slap tariffs on almost all remaining imports from China on December 15.
On the data front out of the Eurozone, Germany's ZEW survey for December is due on Tuesday. Given the country's recent economic weakness, a disappointing survey would further unsettle investors.
State and local governments' frenzy to seize on lower interest rates could leave them issuing new bonds next year at a faster pace than they're paying them off, causing an increase in the net supply of outstanding securities. Usually, that's viewed as a negative in the $3.8 trillion municipal market, given that the increase in supply can exert a drag on prices.
Energy and Natural Resources Market
The best performing major commodity for the week was crude oil, which gained 7.05 percent with Saudi Arabia pledging additional oil production cuts post this week's OPCE+ meeting. Cleveland-Cliffs Inc., the largest U.S. miner of iron ore, is set to buy AK Steel Holding Corp. for $1.1 billion. Bloomberg reports that this is the biggest takeover of a U.S. steelmaker since President Donald Trump imposed tariffs to protect the domestic steel industry. Cliffs CEO Lourenco Goncalves says the takeover is "creating a premier North American company, self-sufficient in iron ore pellets and geared toward high value-added steel products."
American uranium miners rose on Thursday after a White House task force recommended that President Trump direct the government to buy more uranium from domestic producers, reports Bloomberg News. Energy Fuels Inc. rose 18 percent and Ur-Energy Inc. rose 16 percent on the positive news.
Blackrock, the world's largest money manager, just raised $1 billion from over 35 institutional investors for its third global renewables fund focusing on wind, solar and battery-storage projects, reports Bloomberg. Blackrock's global head of renewable power David Giordano says renewables are becoming one of the most active sectors in infrastructure. This is a strong sign of investor demand for cleaner energy projects.
The worst performing major commodity for the week was wheat, which fell 3.18 percent, giving back much of the prior week's gain. Oil and gas stocks that make up the S&P 500 Energy Index might be on trend to fall in price for a third straight year, something that has never happen in their 30-year history. The benchmark is down 19 percent from its peak, set earlier in the year but is now only up 1.2 percent. There is a 23 percent gap between the energy stocks and the S&P 500 so far this year. If that persists, it would be the fourth time in six years that the energy index has lagged the market by more than 20 percent. OPEC reached a new deal that adjusts official production targets, but removes only a few barrels from the market that is forecast to return to a surplus in early 2020. On Friday morning, Saudi Arabia surprised the markets by announcing even deeper production cuts, hoping that Saudi Aramco will surge to a $2 trillion valuation.
A researcher at China's economic planning department said at the BloombergNEF summit in Shanghai this week that LNG consumption in 2021-2025 will grow at a slower pace than it has in the current five-year period. China is the driver of global LNG use and has expanded its use 9.5 percent so far in 2019, which is down from 18 percent in 2018, reports Bloomberg News. The nation's slowing economy has prompted the government to focus less on pollution control, which was previously one of the big demand drivers for gas.
Glencore Plc, the world's biggest commodities trader, is being investigated by U.K. authorities for bribery. Shares fell 8.6 percent in London on the news, reports Bloomberg. Glencore is already facing corruption probes in the U.S. and Brazil. Hunter Hillcoat, an analyst at Investec Securities Ltd., says, "Glencore was already trading at a discount because of the Department of Justice, but when this news comes out it gets whacked again."
Trina Solar Ltd. Chairman Gao Jifan said in an interview this week that annual solar capacity additions in China are forecast at 50 gigawatts in 2021 and then increasing 10 percent every year through 2025, reports Bloomberg. This is a positive turnaround for the solar industry in China after installations fell in 2018 and 2019 due to the removal of government subsidies. The country is also working to boost demand for electric cars. China raised its 2025 sales target for electrified cars, saying it wants 25 percent of all new cars sold to be electric.
Orsted A/S inked a deal with Covestro AG to sell 100 megawatts of power from a German wind farm in the North Sea, reports Bloomberg. The companies said that this is the largest corporate purchase agreement ever for offshore wind. Orsted says that this is an example of how massive renewable power projects can secure cash flow without government subsidies.
Apple is making big steps to achieving its greenhouse gas reduction goal. The tech giant is taking delivery this month of the first batch of carbon-free aluminum produced by a venture between Rio Tinto Group and Aloca Corp., reports Bloomberg. The new technology emits pure oxygen when producing the metal rather than carbon.
President Trump re-imposed steel and aluminum tariffs on Argentina and Brazil, saying that the nations are weakening their currencies to the detriment of American farmers, reports Bloomberg. Argentina and Brazil had become alternative suppliers of soybeans to China, which has taken away market share from American farmers.
The World Meteorologic Organization (WMO) says that the world's average temperature is moving toward a gain of 3 to 5 degrees Celsius by the end of the century – far from targets to contain global warning to 1.5 degrees. WMO Secretary General Petteri Taalas said "if we wanted to reach a 1.5 degree increase we would need to bend emissions and at the moment countries haven't been following on their Paris pledges."
Carmakers globally are cutting more than 80,000 jobs in the coming years, according to data compiled by Bloomberg News. Daimler AG and Audi both announced around 20,000 job eliminations in the past week. Researcher IHS Markit says the global auto industry will make 88.8 million cars and light trucks in 2019, a 6 percent drop from a year ago. Auto companies are working to cut costs due to lower demand and a shift toward greener car technology.
Turkey was the best performing country this week, gaining 1.84 percent. The country's banking regulator eased measures on how banks classify credit to once-troubled companies, helping lenders to potentially avoid adding more non-performing loans to their books.
The Hungarian forint was the best performing currency this week, gaining 1.49 percent.
Health care was the best performing sector among eastern European markets this week.
Poland was the worst performing country this week, losing 2.62 percent. The country's central bank maintained its longest interest rate pause on Wednesday, playing down concerns over a slowing economy and signaling no change in monetary policy until the end of its term.
The Turkish lira was the worst performing currency in the region this week, losing 65 basis points. Turkey's decision to test the S-400 anti-aircraft missile system purchased from Russia sparked fresh talks in the U.S. Senate to imposed sanctions on the NATO ally mandated by the current law.
Consumer staples was the worst performing sector among eastern European markets this week.
The world's biggest natural gas exporter and one of the globe's top consumers of the fuel cemented their energy cooperation on Monday with the launch of Russia's giant Power of Siberia pipeline to northern China, writes Bloomberg. The 3,000-kilometer link, which has become a symbol of President Vladimir Putin's pivot to the fast-growing economies of Asia as relations deteriorate with the West, begins shipping gas from Russia's enormous reserves in its eastern regions to the border.
Eurozone factory activity rose to a three-month high last month. The Purchasing Managers' Index for the 19-nation euro region rose slightly to 46.9 in November as confidence improved and a drop in new orders slowed. Composite PMI stabilized at 50.6 in November, above initial 50.3 reading. France remained the region's top performer posting "solid" growth, with Ireland and Spain also expanding.
In Turkish stocks this year, small is beautiful, thanks to local investors, writes BN's Tugce Ozsoy. Even as international fund managers have walked away from the market in recent months, domestic buyers poured in, leading to a homegrown rally that has sent shares of smaller companies soaring.
The U.S.-France trade tiff has deepened. France says the European Union will retaliate if the U.S. slaps tariffs on $2.4 billion of its products, including sparkling wine, cheeses, handbags and makeup. The U.S. threat is payback for a French tax on online revenue that hits Google, Apple, Facebook and Amazon.
Turkey has just tested radar systems for the Russian S-400 missile-defense technology, writes Bloomberg, providing further ammunition for U.S. lawmakers who favor punishing their NATO ally for the purchase. Such measures, if imposed, could limit any gains in Istanbul stocks, leaving investors facing geopolitical risks disproportionate to their potential returns.
German factory orders unexpectedly fell, suggesting Europe's largest economy is still struggling to overcome a manufacturing slump and fend off recession. Demand dropped 0.4 percent in October, defying estimates for a 0.4 percent gain. It was driven by weak demand for investment goods within Germany and outside the euro area. Orders were down 5.5 percent from a year earlier in October, highlighting the damage global trade conflicts have inflicted on German industry.
The best performing index in the region was Indonesia's Jakarta Composite, which jumped 3.02 percent on the week, handily outpacing its regional peer indices.
Industrials and information technology were the top performers in the Hang Seng Composite on the week, climbing 3.83 and 1.48 percent, respectively.
China's official manufacturing PMI rose to 50.2 last month, marking the first reading above the 50 level since April. The Caixin factory gauge also beat estimates, clocking in at 51.8. Official non-manufacturing PMI came in at 54.4, ahead of estimates for a 53.1 reading, and the Caixin services PMI also beat handily, with a 53.5 reading versus expectations for only a 51.2 print.
The worst performing index in the region was Thailand's SET Index, which fell by 1.97 percent amid weaker data.
Energy was the worst performing sector in the HSCI on the week, falling 76 basis points.
Following Thailand's recent GDP disappointment, the Markit Thailand Manufacturing PMI dipped into contractionary territory at a 49.3 reading, down from 50.0 in October.
A Phase One U.S.-China trade deal remains an opportunity, and while President Trump said recently that he has no deadline of any sort, reports nonetheless swirl that the two sides are "close"—read as positive by markets—and late this week China waived retaliatory tariffs on imports of U.S. pork and soy, which is certainly not a negative. Bloomberg News reported that National Security Advisor Robert O'Brien told Fox News that the two sides are nearing a deal.
One upside to the issues of Hong Kong, perhaps, might be discernable in tourist arrivals to Singapore, which leaped to a record 5 million in the third quarter.
Hong Kong remains troubled by ongoing protests, to be sure, and there's no doubt that changes in visitor patterns and traffic have cut deeply into numbers like HK's Retail Sales and Visitor Arrivals, etc. But note well: life goes on in the meantime, and according to a Bloomberg Spotlight chart this week that featured data from Euromonitor International, "Hong Kong is likely to hold on to its status as the world's most popular city with international visitors in 2019, despite months of political unrest that led to a sharp drop in tourist numbers." The other cities in the top five? Here they are in order, starting with a close second: Bangkok, then Macau, followed by Singapore, and finally, London. There's some food for thought.
In keeping with this section's views, we again reiterate that trade war escalation must remain a threat until it isn't. While progress of late appears more positive than otherwise, as mentioned above—especially given the agricultural waivers and comments from O'Brien—there remains a significant risk that sentiment and prices could deteriorate quickly if there is no deal of any sort between the United States and China.
The situation in Hong Kong continues to remain problematic, with weekend protests lined up and some talk of a possible strike next week. Time will tell, but the tension continues and thorny issues remain resolved. Following last week's signing of the new HK bill into law and a HK protester march to the U.S. embassy over last weekend as a measure of thanks to the United States, China vowed to sanction some U.S. rights organizations and suspend further Hong Kong port visits by U.S. Navy ships. This week the House of Representatives passed the Uighur Act, banning exports to China of items that can be used for surveillance of individuals, including facial and voice-recognition technology, which may exacerbate things further, although it can hardly come as a surprise at this point. The Act—which yet requires Senate passage and a presidential signature before it could become U.S. law—also calls, for the first time, for sanctioning a member of the powerful Chinese politburo.
Related to the political issues in Hong Kong are, of course, the economic ones, some of which have already been hinted at above. Retail sales in the SAR suffered a record contraction in October, by value contracting some 24 percent year over year and marking a fourth month of double-digit declines. By volume, sales fell 26 percent percent, also a record. Financial Secretary Paul Chan said Hong Kong will probably have its first budget deficit since 2004, according to a Bloomberg News report earlier this week, which noted that the economy has sustained damage equivalent to 2 percentage points of output growth and that the HK economy is currently forecasted to contract 1.3 percent in 2019 from a year earlier.
Blockchain and Digital Currencies
Of the cryptocurrencies tracked by CoinMarketCap, the best performing for the week ended December 6 was Blockium, up 423.62 percent.
Mike McGlone, Bloomberg Intelligence commodity strategist, wrote this week that increasing adoption of bitcoin has titled his team's price outlook on the coin favorably for 2020 and the next decade. "This year was part of its transition toward the crypto-market version of gold. The maturation process should continue, notably as volatility declines." McGlone adds that bitcoin sustaining below $6,500 is unlikely and $10,000 is the initial resistance for 2020.
Cryptographic research hub Matter Labs has unveiled Layer 2 scaling solutions for Ethereum payments, reports CoinDesk. On Thursday, the testnet of ZK-Sync was released, in which the firm claims is a step toward making blockchains compete with centralized systems for handling millions of transactions a day.
Of the cryptocurrencies tracked by CoinMarketCap, the worst performing for the week ended December 6 was FirmaChain, down 99.92 percent.
Nearly 70 cryptocurrency-focused hedge funds are closing this year, according to San Francisco-based Crypto Fund Research. As Bloomberg reports, that means the number of new funds launched is less than half the amount started in 2018. One reason for the retrenchment is the volatile year that digital currencies have had. Despite the swings, advocates like Fidelity Investments continue to move forward with initiatives making it easier to own cryptocurrencies.
According to filings, Great North Data (a firm that runs bitcoin mining and A.I. processing data centers in Canada) has filed for bankruptcy. While the firm has 4.6 million Canadian dollars in assets, it owes creditors CA$13.2 million. As reported by CoinDesk, the data processor also owes CA$313,718 to the Business Investment Corporation of the provincial Newfoundland and Labrador government.
Gemini, a top global cryptocurrency exchange, has hired Julian Saqyer, a former CEO and co-founder at United Kingdom-based Starling Bank, to lead Gemini Europe, reports CoinTelegraph. An announcement by Gemini president Cameron Winklevoss explains that Sawyer is joining the exchange with a total of 20 years' experience at growing financial service organizations. For example, prior to Starling, he founded Bluerock Consulting, a financial management consultancy, which he sold in 2012.
BlockFi, the cryptocurrency lending service, is expanding into trading with an unusual, zero-fee model, writes CoinDesk. The service will have a different profit model, the article explains: the money will be coming from selling data on the users' trades to big institutional crypto firms that, in turn, will act as market makers at BlockFi, providing liquidity.
KT Corporation, South Korea's largest telecoms provider, is boosting a partnership with Cina Mobile targeting blockchain technology and 5G roaming, writes CoinTelegraph. The two companies are working on a blockchain system which will allow them to save time and costs when computing roaming charges for mobile users, the article explains.
State Street bank has cut hundreds of developer jobs as it rethinks its blockchain strategy, reports CoinDesk. People familiar with the matter explain that the focus is now more on digital assets such as tokenized stocks and bonds through to cryptos, rather than the distributed ledger technology (DLT).
On December 4, the Financial Stability Oversight Council (FSOC) highlighted in a report the potential problems resulting from stablecoins gaining wider recognition. In the report, as shared by CoinTelegraph, the regulators stated "If a stablecoin became widely adopted as a means of payment or store of value, disruptions to the stablecoin system could affect the wider economy. Financial regulators should review existing and planned digital asset arrangements and their risks, as appropriate."
One of the original co-founders of payments company Circle has quit, reports CoinTelegraph. Co-CEO and co-founder Sean Neville launched Circle with Jeremy Allaire in 2013 and "has presided over its metamorphosis in the ensuing years, including a pivot away from bitcoin and the acquisition of crypto exchange Poloniex last year," the article explains. Circle, however, is now selling Poloniex and Neville described the current event as forming an appropriate time to switch roles. He will now transition to a post on the company's board of directors in January.
Airline Sector
In the quarter ended September 30, Singapore Airlines Ltd. saw a 68 percent rise in profit year-over-year. The carrier reported that net income was around $70 million and that sales climbed 3.9 percent. Singapore Air has added more fuel-efficient A350s and 787-10s to its fleet to help mitigate uncertainty related to fuel costs.
IAG SA, parent company to British Airways, is set to buy Spanish carrier Air Europa for $1.1 billion in a push to strengthen Madrid as a rival to European hubs. Daniel Roeska, analyst at Berstein, wrote in a note to clients that the deal is "strategically sensible" and will give IAG 26 percent market share of the Europe-Latin America routes, up from 19 percent.
Air Arabia ordered a whopping 120 single-aisle A320 aircraft worth approximately $14 billion at the Dubai Air Show, reports Bloomberg News. Air Arabia says the deal is a "game-changer for Air Arabia's business" as the new planes will allow the discount carrier to expand into Southeast Asia and Africa. This is a big victory for Airbus as rival Boeing continues to see orders cancelled due to its two high profile crashes in the last 18 months.
Although Airbus scored big deals, the biennial Dubai Air Show, known as one of the largest air shows in the world, had a lackluster year overall. The three-day show in mid-November said on site orders totaled $54.5 billion this year, down significantly from $113.8 billion in 2017. Airbus landed orders and non-firm commitments for 232 commercial planes versus Boeing's 95. Although Boeing saw a big drop in sales due to its ongoing issues with the737 MAX jets, the fact that it secured orders for more of the jet is a positive sign.
The Boeing 737 MAX 8 jet that was involved in two deadly crashes remains grounded with an unknown return to service date. Many expect the jet to be in the air again in 2020, but airlines that fly the plane have it removed from flight schedules until at least March. On November 25, Boeing quietly unveiled a new version of the jet, the Max 10, which can hold 30 more passengers than the Max 8. The Max 10 is Boeing's competition to the Airbus A321 XLR, which was a star of the Dubai Air Show.
One of the world's fastest growing carriers, IndiGo, has been forced to ground some of its Airbus SE A320neo planes for engine upgrades, which could impede its expansion, reports Bloomberg News. India's Directorate General of Civil Aviation said that a series of problems involving the carrier's jets, including in-flight shutdowns, must be addressed by upgrading engines. For every jet that IndiGo adds to its fleet, it must ground another jet, essentially preventing it from adding new routes or increasing frequencies until all engine problems are resolved.
According to Boeing, the Latin America aviation market will more than double in 20 years and drive a need for 2,960 new planes due to Brazil's recovering economy and discount carriers boosting demand. Brazil makes up 40 percent of the region's market and will grow 4 percent to 5 percent in the next year as economic growth slowly resumes and capacity returns, reports Bloomberg News. International Air Transport Association (IATA) data shows that the number of passengers carried by Latin America airlines have more than doubled in the last decade.
The first blockchain-based airline tickets were issued this week. German airline Hahn Air flew passengers with blockchain-powered tickets on a routine flight between Dusseldorf and Luxemburg, reports Reuters. The airline partnered with Winding Tree, an open-source travel distribution platform, to issue the tickets. Hahn Air head of corporate strategy and government and industry affairs Jorg Troester said "it is important to look into the future to understand how can we make distribution faster."
As airlines are under growing pressure to reduce carbon emissions, especially in Europe, some carriers are taking initial steps. EasyJet announced that it will spend 25 million pounds ($32.3 million) on planting trees and protecting deforestation with the objective of removing as much carbon dioxide from the atmosphere as its fleet emits, reports Bloomberg News. EasyJet CEO Johan Lundgren said "it's not to say that this is the perfect solution, we know it's an interim step before new technologies come into play." Aircraft are becoming increasingly fuel efficient, but hybrid and fully electric jetliners are not expected until the 2030s.
The U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) downgraded Malaysia to a category 2 nation, banning the nation's carriers from setting up new flights to America. The FAA said that Malaysia does not currently meet International Civil Aviation Organization safety standards. It was awarded a category 1 status in 2003. Bloomberg reports that the only other category 2 countries are Bangladesh, Thailand, Costa Rica, Curacao and Ghana.
The airline operating the first Boeing MAX 737 crash has largely escaped criticism over its role in causing the disaster. Lion Air, a low-cost Indonesian carrier, has a long track record of overworking pilots, faking training certifications and forcing pilots to fly planes they worried were unsafe, according to an investigation by the New York Times. Lion Air Flight 610 crashed shortly after takeoff in part due to a flawed anti-stall system, but new details about the crash show that other factors contributed including improper maintenance, overworked pilots and improper recordkeeping of the planes issues. The airline, which is the world's fastest growing and benefits from strong political connections, has not fully acknowledged the concerns regarding its safety practices.
Allen Onyema, a Nigerian businessman who is owner and CEO of Air Peace, was indicted by U.S. authorities on charges of fraud and money laundering, reports Bloomberg News. A statement by the U.S. Department of Justice says that Onyema moved more than $20 million from Nigeria to the U.S. involving fake documents based on the purchase of airlines.
Leaders and Laggards
Weekly Performance
Change($)
Change(%)
Oil Futures 59.02 +3.85 +6.98%
10-Yr Treasury Bond 1.84 +0.06 +3.49%
Natural Gas Futures 2.35 +0.06 +2.85%
S&P Energy 437.91 +6.54 +1.52%
S&P/TSX VENTURE COMP IDX 537.78 +5.97 +1.12%
Hang Seng Composite Index 3,609.24 +29.99 +0.84%
Russell 2000 1,635.67 +11.17 +0.69%
XAU 95.91 +0.39 +0.41%
S&P/TSX Global Gold Index 244.26 +0.60 +0.25%
S&P 500 3,147.89 +6.91 +0.22%
S&P Basic Materials 375.30 +0.06 +0.02%
Nasdaq 8,656.53 -8.94 -0.10%
DJIA 28,015.06 -36.35 -0.13%
Korean KOSPI Index 2,081.85 -6.11 -0.29%
Gold Futures 1,465.00 -7.70 -0.52%
Monthly Performance
Nasdaq 8,656.53 +245.90 +2.92%
DJIA 28,015.06 +522.50 +1.90%
S&P/TSX VENTURE COMP IDX 537.78 -0.85 -0.16%
S&P Energy 437.91 -4.88 -1.10%
Gold Futures 1,465.00 -35.30 -2.35%
Korean KOSPI Index 2,081.85 -62.30 -2.91%
Hang Seng Composite Index 3,609.24 -130.20 -3.48%
Natural Gas Futures 2.35 -0.48 -17.04%
Quarterly Performance
10-Yr Treasury Bond 1.84 +0.28 +17.96%
Russell 2000 1,635.67 +124.93 +8.27%
S&P 500 3,147.89 +171.89 +5.78%
S&P Basic Materials 375.30 +19.62 +5.52%
DJIA 28,015.06 +1,286.91 +4.81%
Korean KOSPI Index 2,081.85 +77.10 +3.85%
XAU 95.91 -1.36 -1.40%
Natural Gas Futures 2.35 -0.09 -3.66%
S&P/TSX Global Gold Index 244.26 -11.69 -4.57%
S&P/TSX VENTURE COMP IDX 537.78 -48.48 -8.27%
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*The above-mentioned indices are not total returns. These returns reflect simple appreciation only and do not reflect dividend reinvestment. The Dow Jones Industrial Average is a price-weighted average of 30 blue chip stocks that are generally leaders in their industry. The S&P 500 Stock Index is a widely recognized capitalization-weighted index of 500 common stock prices in U.S. companies. The Nasdaq Composite Index is a capitalization-weighted index of all Nasdaq National Market and SmallCap stocks. The Russell 2000 Index® is a U.S. equity index measuring the performance of the 2,000 smallest companies in the Russell 3000®, a widely recognized small-cap index. The Hang Seng Composite Index is a market capitalization-weighted index that comprises the top 200 companies listed on Stock Exchange of Hong Kong, based on average market cap for the 12 months. The Taiwan Stock Exchange Index is a capitalization-weighted index of all listed common shares traded on the Taiwan Stock Exchange. The Korea Stock Price Index is a capitalization-weighted index of all common shares and preferred shares on the Korean Stock Exchanges. The Philadelphia Stock Exchange Gold and Silver Index (XAU) is a capitalization-weighted index that includes the leading companies involved in the mining of gold and silver. The U.S. Trade Weighted Dollar Index provides a general indication of the international value of the U.S. dollar. The S&P/TSX Canadian Gold Capped Sector Index is a modified capitalization-weighted index, whose equity weights are capped 25 percent and index constituents are derived from a subset stock pool of S&P/TSX Composite Index stocks. The S&P 500 Energy Index is a capitalization-weighted index that tracks the companies in the energy sector as a subset of the S&P 500. The S&P 500 Materials Index is a capitalization-weighted index that tracks the companies in the material sector as a subset of the S&P 500. The S&P 500 Financials Index is a capitalization-weighted index. The index was developed with a base level of 10 for the 1941-43 base period. The S&P 500 Industrials Index is a Materials Index is a capitalization-weighted index that tracks the companies in the industrial sector as a subset of the S&P 500. The S&P 500 Consumer Discretionary Index is a capitalization-weighted index that tracks the companies in the consumer discretionary sector as a subset of the S&P 500. The S&P 500 Information Technology Index is a capitalization-weighted index that tracks the companies in the information technology sector as a subset of the S&P 500. The S&P 500 Consumer Staples Index is a Materials Index is a capitalization-weighted index that tracks the companies in the consumer staples sector as a subset of the S&P 500. The S&P 500 Utilities Index is a capitalization-weighted index that tracks the companies in the utilities sector as a subset of the S&P 500. The S&P 500 Healthcare Index is a capitalization-weighted index that tracks the companies in the healthcare sector as a subset of the S&P 500. The S&P 500 Telecom Index is a Materials Index is a capitalization-weighted index that tracks the companies in the telecom sector as a subset of the S&P 500. The NYSE Arca Gold Miners Index is a modified market capitalization weighted index comprised of publicly traded companies involved primarily in the mining for gold and silver. The Consumer Price Index (CPI) is one of the most widely recognized price measures for tracking the price of a market basket of goods and services purchased by individuals. The weights of components are based on consumer spending patterns. The Purchasing Manager's Index is an indicator of the economic health of the manufacturing sector. The PMI index is based on five major indicators: new orders, inventory levels, production, supplier deliveries and the employment environment. The S&P/TSX Venture Composite Index is a broad market indicator for the Canadian venture capital market. The index is market capitalization weighted and, at its inception, included 531 companies. A quarterly revision process is used to remove companies that comprise less than 0.05% of the weight of the index, and add companies whose weight, when included, will be greater than 0.05% of the index. Gross domestic product (GDP) is the monetary value of all the finished goods and services produced within a country's borders in a specific time period, though GDP is usually calculated on an annual basis. It includes all of private and public consumption, government outlays, investments and exports less imports that occur within a defined territory.
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Update Time : Monday, December 28, 2020,
Bangladesh to be 25th largest economy by 2035
Bangladesh is advancing to become the 25th largest economy in the world by 2035 from the 41st place this year, says a recent report by the Centre for Economics and Business Research (CEBR).
The country will be the 34th largest economy in the world by 2025 continuing to be the 2nd in South Asia.
According to the CEBR, the size of the economy will nearly treble to $855 billion in 2035 from $301 billion in 2020 in US dollar constant prices.
The report says, Bangladesh had a PPP adjusted GDP per capita of $5,139 in 2020, making it a lower middle-income country.
The economy of Bangladesh enjoyed a strong rate of GDP growth in the years leading up to the COVID-19 pandemic, despite a modest rate of population growth, which averaged just 1.0% per year over the past five years, the report added.
The rate of GDP growth in Bangladesh is anticipated to have dipped to 3.8% in 2020. This compares to 8.2% GDP growth recorded in 2019.
Between 2021 and 2025, CEBR forecasts that the annual rate of GDP growth will accelerate to an average of 6.8%. However, over the remainder of the forecast horizon, economic growth is expected to decline to an average of 6.5% per year.
China will overtake the US to become the world's largest economy by 2028, five years earlier than previously forecast, the report said.
Despite the pandemic and a deep recession, within the next decade, Bangladesh will achieve the 28th position by overcoming Malaysia, Israel and even the oil-rich United Arab Emirates.
The previous report of CEBR showed Bangladesh will overtake heavyweights such as Hong Kong, Singapore, Denmark and Norway. This forecast for 2030 is also the same in this recent report.
Neighboring India will become the 5th largest economy in 2025, the 3rd largest by 2030. While China, currently the second-largest economy, will overtake the United States to become the world's biggest economy in 2030. That will be due to the contrasting recoveries of the two countries from the pandemic, the think tank says.
Japan would remain the world's 3rd biggest economy, in dollar terms, until the early 2030s when it would be overtaken by India, pushing Germany down from fourth to fifth.
The report also mentioned that government debt of Bangladesh as a share of GDP rose to 39.6% in 2020 which remains a low level. Looking back, public sector debt stood at 35.8% of GDP in 2019.
Between 2020 and 2035, CEBR forecasts that the position of Bangladesh in the World Economic League Table will improve considerably, with its ranking rising from 41st to 25th by 2035.
The UK-based think tank, the CEBR, published The World Economic League Table 2021 on 26 December, with forecasts for 193 countries to 2035.


Musicians On Call (MOC), a nonprofit that brings live and recorded music to the bedsides of patients in healthcare facilities, is hosting A Night To Celebrate the Healing Power of Music prior to Grammy winner Billy Joel's concert on Wednesday, May 23 at Madison Square Garden. The intimate event will feature a private pre-concert VIP reception, during which the organization will honor long-time supporters EVP/Global Music Marketing for iHeartMedia and Musicians On Call Board Member Alissa Pollack and multi-platinum singer/songwriter and MOC artist supporter Gavin DeGraw. Following the VIP reception, guests will enjoy exclusive seating for Billy Joel at The Garden.
A limited number of tickets are available for Musicians On Call Presents A Night To Celebrate The Healing Power of Music at donate.musiciansoncall.org/NYC18.


Assessment of the 2020 Mitsubishi Outlander Sport supplies the latest have a look at trim-level options and specs, efficiency, security, and luxury. Unlike numerous sleeker rivals, the 2020 Mitsubishi Outlander Sport requires no cargo-carrying compromises be made in response to a sloping roofline or an angled hatch consuming into the available vertical space. For this evaluate 2020 Mitsubishi Outlander Sport EyeSight bundle of safety options pre-collision braking, lane-maintaining help, adaptive cruise control, and lane-departure warning.
The 2020 Mitsubishi Outlander Sport with a number of mid-cycle changes, the most noticeable of that are to its exterior. A brand new grille, entrance fascia, and headlight design highlight adjustments to the entrance of the automobile, whereas redesigned taillights are now illuminated by LEDs. Choosing EyeSight on Restricted and Touring models additionally brings to the table automatic high-beam headlights and reverse-automatic-braking, the latter of which can automatically stop the vehicle if it detects an imminent collision while reversing.
Moreover, keyword added a faster steering ratio and more soundproofing to the New 2020 Mitsubishi Outlander Sport Price and Release date. Thicker glass, an acoustically laminated windshield, added insulation, and improved door seals all assist block exterior noise from the cabin. A cushty experience, an elevated seating place, standard all-wheel drive, and out there state-of-the-artwork security technology present Subaru's compact crossover with the traits sought by prospects shopping this class.
For these selecting that engine, we'd advocate the guide transmission; nevertheless, doing so means forgoing security options akin to EyeSight and blind-spot monitoring. While 2020 Mitsubishi Outlander Sport latest multimedia methods, updated for 2016, are ergonomically sound and easy to use, the Forester continues to lack Apple CarPlay or Android Auto integration, and the graphic presentation appears dated.
Find out the most recent images of New 2020 Mitsubishi Outlander Sport Price and Release date here, and also you can get the image here simply image posted uploaded by autoadmin that saved in our collection.


Republished from the New York Times. Dec. 28, 2009.
Cupping their hands near holes drilled for cable routing, workers at the Boeing Company's four-acre data processing site near Seattle noticed this year that air used to keep the computers cool was seeping through floor openings.
Mindful of the company's drive to slash electricity consumption by 25 percent, they tucked insulation into holes there and at five similar sites. The resulting savings are projected at $55,000, or some 685,000 kilowatt hours of electricity a year.
Yet Boeing's goal is not just to save money. The hope is to keep pace with other companies that have joined in a vast global experiment in tracking the carbon dioxide emissions generated by industry.
Boeing and other enterprises are voluntarily doing what some might fiercely resist being forced to do: submitting detailed reports on how much they emit, largely through fossil fuel consumption, to a central clearinghouse.
The information flows to the Carbon Disclosure Project, a small nonprofit organization based in London that sifts through the numbers and generates snapshots by industry sectors in different nations.
By giving enterprises a road map for measuring their emissions and pointing out how they compare with their peers, experts say, the voluntary project is persuading companies to change their energy practices well before many governments step in to regulate emissions.
Scientists estimate that industry and energy providers produce nearly 45 percent of the heat-trapping emissions that contribute to global warming. While some governments are convinced that reining in such pollution is crucial to protecting the atmosphere, a binding global pact is not on the immediate horizon, as negotiations in Copenhagen showed this month.
Until broad regulation is at hand, many investors and company executives say, voluntary reporting programs like the Carbon Disclosure Project may be the best way to leverage market forces for change.
Continue reading at the New York Times . . .
Originally published: 13 February 2009.
Two satellites smashed together Tuesday, creating a spreading cloud of space junk that slightly increases the chance that other spacecraft could be damaged by the debris.
Satellite 33442 orbits Earth every 91 minutes, circling at an inclination of 56.1 degrees to the equator and gradually slowing down, destined to fall into the atmosphere in late spring or summer and burn up. Aficionados of satellites know that 33442 is a tool bag. A spacewalking astronaut let it slip last year, adding one more tiny, artificial moon to the junk in low Earth orbit.
The military has a running catalog of more than 19,000 pieces of orbital debris. This week, the census of space schmutz suddenly jumped by 600 — the initial estimate of the number of fragments from Tuesday's stunning collision of two satellites high above Siberia.
Space is now polluted with the flotsam and jetsam of a satellite-dependent civilization. The rubbish is increasingly a hazard for human spaceflight and has put important equipment such as the Hubble Space Telescope and communications satellites at risk of being struck by an object moving at hypervelocity.
Global carbon markets worth USD $60 billion (€40 billion) in 2007, up by 80 percent from 2006. The total traded volume increased by 64 percent from 1.6 Gt (1.6 billion tons) in 2006 to 2.7 Gt in 2007.
carbon emissions (CO2e) transacted during 2008, up 56 percent from 2007.
There seems to be a generally bullish sentiment on carbon, not necessarily reflected in current market prices. Survey respondents now on average expect a carbon price of USD $37/ton (€24/ton) in 2010 and USD $ 54/ton (€35/ton) in 2020, which is USD $9 (€6) and USD $15 (€10) higher, respectively, than they expected a year ago. This demonstrates that market participants now realize that the EU ETS will face a considerable shortage and that much of this will have to be met through reductions taking place in Europe.


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Opinion: The airline recovery has been put on hold as Covid-19 strikes again
However, thanks to Covid-19's Delta variant, hospitalizations are once again approaching peak pandemic numbers in several parts of the United States, and those hopeful moments have been quashed for now. Even though the Delta variant has inconsistently affected various regions, it has managed to introduce an element of uncertainty that looks to reverse the comeback of business and international travel, and at least stall the growth in the domestic leisure market.
After a busy summer season, US leisure travelers began hunkering down again last month, likely because of rising Covid cases. More than two million passed through Transportation Security Administration (TSA) checkpoints each day for much of June and July, but the volume dropped well below the two million mark in the second half of August and almost every day in September so far.
Airlines, meanwhile, are seeing an increase in cancellations and a decline in bookings. Earlier this month, major US carriers warned investors that third-quarter results would not be as upbeat as anticipated, blaming the weakness on a general deceleration in demand connected to the Delta variant and Hurricane Ida. And while children's return to school has always tended to shrink leisure travel demand, the industry would normally expect some of that to be offset by an uptick in domestic and international business travel. That's not happening this year.
Domestic demand probably won't pick back up until Thanksgiving or Christmas. Based on this softening, we now project US domestic leisure travel to recover to 2019 levels by next summer — essentially on the same timetable as before vaccinations took off. That, of course, could be upended by another variant if a sizable number of unvaccinated Americans continue to resist getting a shot.
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Internationally, the outlook for recovery to 2019 demand levels is somewhat bleaker, largely thanks to new travel restrictions in Europe — conveniently enacted at the end of vacation season. But even before the hammer came down, particularly on US travelers, international capacity worldwide — the measure of seats deployed and the distance they've flown — had only increased to 44% of 2019 levels by September of this year, according to our own analysis of flight data. US capacity on international flights stood at 53%.
Simultaneously, once strong travel segments, such as beach trips to Cancun and the Caribbean, are also being hurt by a raft of powerful hurricanes. While hurricane season is never a popular time to fly to these places, the worse than usual weather outlook, and the fact that Florida is a Covid hotspot, are expected to compound the seasonal dip.
Lastly, as long as Covid outbreaks occur, it's hard to see how governments can lift travel restrictions until there is a smarter, less cumbersome way to prevent cross-border infections than mandating quarantining and testing. The Biden administration recently said it would ease travel restrictions on vaccinated foreign visitors beginning in November, but even so, we don't expect international travel to recover to 2019 levels until sometime between 2023 and 2024.
Probably the biggest disappointment for airlines is the failure of business travel to recover as companies nationwide — even in states where the percentage of vaccinated people is high and Delta is more contained — are pulling back on office reopenings.
Before the variant took off, the outlook was optimistic, with corporate travel beginning to pick up in March. Corporate ticket sales peaked at about 49% of 2019 levels the week of July 11, up from 17% the week of March 14, according to the Airlines Reporting Corporation.
In our own survey this June, nearly 80% of US business travelers who responded said they expected to book a business trip within the next three months. But by August, that sentiment was beginning to wane, according to a Global Business Travel Association survey, with the number of people willing to travel down by five percentage points from July. The anticipated uptick in business travel was tamped down by the Covid-19 surge and corporate decisions to continue to rely on videoconferencing rather than expose employees to Delta. By the week of September 19 — a time when business travel normally picks up — corporate ticket sales were only at 38% of 2019 sales.
The bottom line for travel may seem obvious, but recovery to 2019 demand levels will be difficult to achieve — even amid an impressive economic recovery — if large numbers of people remain unvaccinated and Covid-19 is uncontained. Until we get ahead of the spread through vaccination, increases in demand will remain vulnerable to variant outbreaks and any signs of a Covid comeback.
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Schreiben Sie den ersten Kommentar zu "Graduate Texts in Mathematics: Differential Forms in Algebraic Topology".
The guiding principle in this book is to use differential forms as an aid in exploring some of the less digestible aspects of algebraic topology. Accord- ingly, we move primarily in the realm of smooth manifolds and use the de Rham theory as a prototype of all of cohomology. For applications to homotopy theory we also discuss by way of analogy cohomology with arbitrary coefficients. Although we have in mind an audience with prior exposure to algebraic or differential topology, for the most part a good knowledge of linear algebra, advanced calculus, and point-set topology should suffice. Some acquaintance with manifolds, simplicial complexes, singular homology and cohomology, and homotopy groups is helpful, but not really necessary. Within the text itself we have stated with care the more advanced results that are needed, so that a mathematically mature reader who accepts these background materials on faith should be able to read the entire book with the minimal prerequisites. There are more materials here than can be reasonably covered in a one-semester course. Certain sections may be omitted at first reading with- out loss of continuity. We have indicated these in the schematic diagram that follows. This book is not intended to be foundational; rather, it is only meant to open some of the doors to the formidable edifice of modern algebraic topology. We offer it in the hope that such an informal account of the subject at a semi-introductory level fills a gap in the literature.
Kommentar zu "Graduate Texts in Mathematics: Differential Forms in Algebraic Topology"


Kirbyville CISD is a school district in Kirbyville, TX. As of the 2017-2018 school year, it had 1,503 students. The school received an accountability rating of Not rated (Harvey provision). 37.3% of students were considered at risk of dropping out of school. 2.5% of students were enrolled in bilingual and English language learning programs.
An average teacher's salary was $43,202, which is $10,132 less than the state average. On average, teachers had 12.5 years of experience. The average ACT score was 20.3. In the Class of 2017, 96.9% of students received their high school diplomas on time or earlier. The dropout rate was 0.5%.
Students in Kirbyville CISD are part of the Texas Education Agency's Region 05. Students who started eighth grade in 2006 in this region had a college graduation rate of 20.3 percent. View a more comprehensive breakdown of the higher ed outcomes in Region 05.


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Sexual Orientation.
Are you feeling lost about your choices of Sex partners or desires?
Do you feel stuck. Are there techniques to making new friends and being comfortable as YOU?
YES.....................
GlobalCnet is a collection of original thought, clical trials and found expert advise. We assembled most everything here, all in one place, to add variety and inspiration to YOU for your education, skills and desires. When you click on a link observe all the other articles and information available to you, copy what you need. GlobalCnet connects you.
The original authors, like Harvard University, MedNet, You Tube, Unstuck.com, Readers Digest and hundreds of other web sites have written, published and illustrated information for your benefit and personal growth. GlobalCnet Connected you. It is my hope that you use all information for your personal growth goals. Share everything with others.
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What is Sexual Orientation?
"Sexual orientation" is a term frequently used to describe a person's romantic, emotional or sexual attraction to another person. A person attracted to another person of the same sex is said to have a homosexual orientation and may be called gay (both men and women) or lesbian.
Individuals attracted to persons of the other sex are said to have a heterosexual orientation. Sexual orientation falls along a continuum and individuals who are attracted to both men and women are said to be bisexual. Sexual orientation is different from gender identity, which refers to the internal sense of whether one is male or female.
Sexual orientation is a relatively new concept. In fact, although same sex behavior has always existed, the idea of a homosexual identity or a homosexual person is only about 100 years old.
Read more by clicking on the picture above.........
Love and Acceptance, No Matter What: The Only Guarantees Children Need
Parenting is – without a doubt – probably the hardest job in the world.
And unfortunately it doesn't come with a manual or "how to" guide to prepare you for some of the more challenging parts of the job, especially if your child is in some way fundamentally different to other kids.
In this TED Talk, by Andrew Solomon, author and former New York Times writer, he shares some of the research he's done with parents on the line between unconditional love and unconditional acceptance.
His talk is both moving and raw, as it discusses a side of parenting that's not often talked about.
To unconditional love and acceptance, how do you relate to unconditional acceptance.
What are your thoughts on these videos?
Sexual Orientation Test
10 Questions - Developed by: Crunchy-Guy - Developed on: 2018-02-26 - 70.007 taken - 34 people like it
This test tries to help you figure out your sexual orientation. It doesn't rely on stereotypical beliefs, but tries to focus on things that may actually tell.
ARE YOU GAY?
10 Questions - Developed by: Ayoub - Developed on: 2008-06-01 - 25.714 taken - User Rating: 1.84 of 5.0 - 38 Votes
See how gay you really are on the inside
Love Tests / relationship quizzes -» Am I bisexual?
Some people just know who they are, sexually, without question. If you're here because you're not one of them, welcome. And don't worry, because you won't be judged here. We just want to help you feel more confident and secure about yourself – in every aspect.
Sadly, there will always be haters - people who'll judge anything and anyone outside their narrow, usually mainstream view. Fortunately, as time progresses, more and more people are bravely and boldly asserting their right to love whom they want - same sex, opposite sex, or in some cases, neither.
Love Tests / relationship quizzes -» Am I lesbian?
Sexuality can be pretty confusing when you're a tween or a teen (or even when you're older). If you're here because you've had some confusing feelings and you're wondering if they might mean you're a lesbian, welcome. We're not here to judge, just to help.
Are you straight, bisexual, lesbian or asexual?
10 Questions - Developed by: Amber Pianta - Developed on: 2018-10-17 - 13.316 taken - 30 people like it
Answer 100% honestly and take the time you need to answer each question! Also, whatever your quiz result is, you are valid and loved <3 Have fun!
Gender and Sexual Orientation
Gender and sexual orientation do not matter in romance.
The love is active in romance no matter what your gender or sexual orientation.
We are often asked if there is any difference between men and women in terms of what we see in the brain in love. There really isn't. We were surprised at how similar men and women are, at least at this reflex level of romance at work in the reward system.
That said, when we lowered our statistical threshold specifically to look for any gender differences, we did find some variations between men and women in the higher critical areas of their brains.
Among men, we found activity in a brain region linked with the integration of visual stimuli. This was not surprising; most anthropologists believe that men's visual acuity evolved millions of years ago to size up a woman to see if she was going to be healthy enough to bear and raise babies. In other words, men are built to look. read more,,
Some Facts About HomoSexual Orientation
See Dr. Herek's blog for updates.
Policy makers and members of the public are routinely confronted with questions about lesbians and gay men. Are they mentally ill? Do so-called conversion therapies change sexual orientation? Are homosexuals more likely than heterosexuals to molest children? Such questions arise from long-standing cultural stereotypes that depict lesbians and gay men as immoral, criminal, sick, and drastically different from what society considers "normal."
A considerable body of social science data now is available to answer such questions and to separate falsehood from fact. The following links provide an overview of social science theory and empirical research concerning sexual orientation.
Facts About Homosexuality and Mental Health
Facts About Changing Sexual Orientation
Facts About Homosexuality and Child Molestation
Paul Cameron's Research
Bibliography for Facts About Sexual Orientation
Abstracts for selected publications
MORE LINKS TO FOLLOW:
Myths and Facts about Sexual Orientation
Top 10 Fascinating Facts about Homosexuality
Heterosexuality Facts, information, pictures
Sexual orientation, Information about Sexual orientation
Today, I hope you will have another inspired day, that you will dream boldly and dangerously, that you will make some progress that didn't exist before you took action, that you will love and be loved in return, and that you will find the strength to accept and grow from the troubles you can't change. And, most importantly (because I think there should be more kindness and wisdom in this crazy world), that you will, when you must, be wise with your decisions, and that you will always be extra kind to yourself and others.
:3.1: Spirituality
:3.2: Life One Day at a Time
:3.3: Depression/Anxiety/Panic Attack
:3.4: Deep thought, assumptions and Lack of Energy
:3.40: It is 2020 , time for a Better You
:3.41 Gratitude
:3.42: Keeping a Journal
:3.5: Making New Friends
:3.6: Believe in Love Again
:3.7: Identify Bad Habits
:3.8: Looking at Addiction
:3.9: Shame/Insecurity
:3.10: Understanding Stress
:3.11: The Ego and Happiness
:3.12: Philosophy
:3.13. Sexual Orientation
:3.14: Are you Lonely or SAD
:3.13.1:: Itude Skills
:3.15: Are you Angry ????
:3.16: Getting enough sleep?
:3:17: Nutrition and Food News
:3:18: Your SOUL Mate ???
:3.19: Self Confidence/Self Worth
:3.20: Dealing with Fear
:3.21: Grief and Loss


Blending neo-soul, trip-hop, and funk, this talented Australian quartet shines thanks to the grooving lines of Paul Bender. With the warm sound of his Lakland, the producer/bassist channels serious R&B tone for tracks like "Mobius Streak," "The World Softly Lulls" and "Nakamarra." Perhaps the most unusual song on the album is "Ocelot," where Bender swaps his 4-string for a bass synth to create a swelling landscape of deep frequencies.
CD Review: Kamasi Washington "The Epic"
CD Review: Hiatus Kaiyote "Choose Your Weapon"


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Zheng Chen (born 4 January 1965) is a Chinese sprinter. He competed in the men's 100 metres at the 1988 Summer Olympics. He finished seventh in a second-round heat.

References

1965 births
Living people
Athletes (track and field) at the 1988 Summer Olympics
Chinese male sprinters
Olympic athletes of China
Place of birth missing (living people)
Asian Games medalists in athletics (track and field)
Asian Games gold medalists for China
Asian Games silver medalists for China
Asian Games bronze medalists for China
Athletes (track and field) at the 1986 Asian Games
Athletes (track and field) at the 1990 Asian Games
Medalists at the 1986 Asian Games
Medalists at the 1990 Asian Games
People from Jinhua
Runners from Zhejiang

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