text:
Scientific Journal of Impact Factor (SJIF): 4.72
e-ISSN (O): 2348-4470 p-ISSN (P): 2348-6406
International Journal of Advance Engineering and Research Development Volume 4, Issue 10, October -2017
Artificially Intelligent Robotics: A Survey 1 1,2,3
Abhishek Kumar, 2Ashish Kumar, 3Dr.Deepak Chahal,
Jagan Institute of Management Studies,Sector-05,Rohini,New Delhi,India
Abstract – The world is rapidly moving towards the automation. When the word automation is used then our mind turns towards the Artificial Intelligent and Robots, but AI without Robots and Robots without AI does not fulfill the requirement of automation, then after merging these technologies Artificially Intelligent Robots were developed. This article gives the overall view of Artificially Intelligent Robotics. It especially focused on functionality and components of Artificially Intelligent Robotics and how it changes the life of humankind. In today's society, it's used is limited, but as the world moving towards automation in next few year it is used in almost every area. Keywords – Artificial Intelligent, Robotics, Robots, Machine learning, Computer vision, Artificial neural networks 1. INTRODUCTION "Anything that could give rise to smarter than human intelligence in the form of Artificial Intelligence, braincomputer interfaces, or neuroscience-based human intelligence enhancement wins hands down beyond contest as doing the most to change the world. Nothing else is even in the same league."- Eliezer Yudkowsky. [1] "People are fascinated by robots because they're machines that can mimic life." - Colin Angle. [2] Artificial Intelligence and Robotics both have a long history and both are originated from the common root and in the same period ("50), thus they are related to each other and very famous topic for interaction and scientific discussion. Initially, there was no clear distinction between the two disciplines. The reason is that the belief of creating an advance machine automatically leads to robots and robotics. This article focuses on the functionality and purpose of Artificially Intelligence Robots in various areas like medical, military, space research, exploration, industries, entertainment, rescue and several other areas and how it changes the human's life. When we imagine the future, we might think the use of a humanoid robot that explore the space, performing dangerous military operations, performing critical surgery, rescue missions. Being a soldier it is very tough and dangerous task to fight against with enemies but what if we assign these dangerous tasks to humanoid robots who have their own intelligent system and capable of taking decisions on its own, we only lose money and resources when something went wrong, but we save our humans life, but in all we can say that these robots can play prominent role either in the protection of mankind or in the destruction. In case of space exploration it is very costly and risky to send humans into deep space, so in this situation, robots are more effective and reliable. 2. HISTORY Robots are the artificial agents acting in a real-world environment. Robots are aimed at manipulating the objects by perceiving, picking, moving, modifying the physical properties of an object, destroying it, or to have an effect thereby freeing manpower from doing repetitive functions without getting bored, distracted, or exhausted. It is a machine which is equipped with sensors, processors, computer control system, human interface system and accompanied with AI act upon the real world environment. "John McCarthy" is the father of AI. He used the first time the term "Artificial Intelligence" (AI), and developed the LISP programming language family, which is used for AI programming, and "Joseph F. Engelberger" is the father of robotics. The history of robots is not a present-day concept, in the year 1898 an American researcher, Nikola Tesla demonstrated a wireless boat which works on radio wave and controlled by a remote controller. It was a great invention that changed our vision in robotics. The AI is the concept which provides the ability to machine to extract, analyze the environment and then react accordingly. The first general purpose robot was developed from approximately 1966 through 1972 named "Shakey the robot" developed at the Artificial Intelligent Centre of Stanford Research Institute. After that many new robots were developed and the first artificial personal robot was developed by US Startup Robotbase which is 4-foot tall uses deep neural networks to assist in day-to-day tasks is shown at the Consumer Electronics Show (CES) in Las Vegas. 3. ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENT Artificial Intelligence is the combination of two words, in which the word Intelligence means the ability to calculate complex algorithms, solve reasoning, perceive relationships and analogies, learn from experience, store retrieve, analyze and manipulate information of the surroundings, problems solving ability, comprehend complex ideas, use natural language fluently to communicate, classify, generalize, and adopt new situations, and when these ability and functioning is implemented artificially as in the form of software then it is termed as Artificial Intelligence. Some of the modern AI"s are Google Assistant, Cortana, Siri, and Mycroft.
@IJAERD-2017, All rights Reserved
International Journal of Advance Engineering and Research Development (IJAERD) Volume 4, Issue 10, October-2017, e-ISSN: 2348 - 4470, print-ISSN: 2348-6406 3.1 Tasks of AI Mundane tasks: Mundane tasks are Perception, Common Sense, Reasoning, Natural Language Processing, and Planning. Perception is done using Computer Vision, Speech and voice, whereas Natural Language processing is done using Understanding, Language Generation, and Language Translation. Formal tasks: Formal tasks are Verification, Solving Mathematics, Theorem Proving and Playing Games. Expert tasks: Expert tasks are Engineering, Scientific Analysis, Financial Analysis and Medical Diagnosis. 4. ROBOTICS Robotics is a one of an important branch of AI and without AI it is impossible to imagine about intelligent robots. Robot composed of Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, and Computer Science for designing, construction, and application of robots. There are three Laws of Robotics according to Asimov"s short story "Runaround": 1. A robot may not injure a human being or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm. 2. A robot must obey the orders given it by human beings except where such orders would conflict with the First Law. 3. A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the First or Second Laws. In later stories, Asimov"s robots are responsible for the government of entire planets and human civilizations. Then he added a fourth, or zeroth law, to precede the others: 0. A robot may not harm humanity, or, by inaction, allow humanity to come to harm. 4.1 Aspects of Robotics Mechanical Construction: It means, form, or shape provided to robots to perform the desired task for which it is built and designed. Electrical Components: These components supply power to the machinery and control the functionality of robots. Electrical components consist of wires, chipsets, microphone, sensors, and cameras. Computer Program: It loaded with some level of a computer program, by which robots decide when, what and how to perform the operation. 4.2 Components of robots Power Supply: To work the robot well, it is necessary that power is supplied to every electrical component of a robot and it is achieved by batteries, solar power, hydraulic, or pneumatic power sources. Actuators: It is necessary to convert energy into a movement for performing some useful task and the component used for this is actuators. Electric Motors (AC / DC): For rotational movement, motors are one of the most useful components. Pneumatic Air Muscles: They contract almost 40% when the air is sucked in them. Muscle Wires: They contract by 5% when an electric current is passed through them. Piezo Motors and Ultrasonic Motors: It is used mostly in industrial robots. Sensors: Various sensors are used in the robots to get the real-time information from the environment. Sensors like vision sensors used to visualize the depth in the surrounding task environment whereas a tactile sensor senses the touch of human fingertips. 5. ARTIFICIALLY INTELLIGENT ROBOTICS Robots that are controlled by Artificial Intelligence programs are the Artificially Intelligent Robots. AI Robot is the composition or can say bridge between robotics and AI. ALL robots are not artificially intelligent, as industrial robots could only be programmed to perform only a few repetitive series of movements, and repetitive movements do not require artificial intelligence. Non-intelligent robots perform very limited functions. AI algorithms are required to perform a more complex task using robots. There are the certain main components that make a simple robot to Artificially Intelligent robot Computer Vision, Machine Learning, Artificial Neural Networks, Human-Robot Interface. 5.1 Computer Vision To analyze the surrounding environment robots used the technology of AI is called as computer vision. It plays an important role in the domains of safety, health, entertainment, access and security. Computer vision automatically extracts information from a single image or an array of images or in other forms such as video sequence, then after analyses and comprehended useful information from the images or video sequences. This process involves the development of algorithms to accomplish automatic visual comprehension. 5.1.1 Hardware of Computer Vision System This involves: 1. Power supply 2. Image acquisition device such as camera 3. A processor
International Journal of Advance Engineering and Research Development (IJAERD) Volume 4, Issue 10, October-2017, e-ISSN: 2348 - 4470, print-ISSN: 2348-6406 4. Software 5. A display device for monitoring the system 6. Accessories such as camera stands, cables, and connectors 5.1.2 Tasks of Computer Vision OCR: Optical Character Reader is used to convert scanned documents into editable and readable text. OCR accompanies a scanner, which scans the character. Face Detection: In present days many high-end and Smartphone cameras come with this feature, which enables the device to read the face and take the picture of that perfect expression. Now it is also used as a password and let a user access the device or apps on correct match. Object Recognition: Basically object recognition is a technology which is used to recognize the object. They are installed in supermarkets, Smartphone cameras, cars and many other devices. Estimating Position: Estimating position is a software which is used estimating the position of an object with respect to the camera it is used in almost all the fields like space science to target the position where to land spaceship, in medical to position tumors in the human body for operation. 5.2 Machine Learning Machine learning is the branch of computer science which gives the ability to the system or machine to learn virtually from the real world without explicitly programmed. "Arthur Samuel�, an American researcher coined the term "Machine Learning" in 1959 while he was working at IBM. Machine learning is derived from the study of Pattern Recognition and Computational Learning Theory in AI, it is employed where designing and programming explicit algorithms is difficult or infeasible with desired performance. The main purpose of machine learning is to study and construction of algorithms that can learn and make a prediction on data. Now training steps are pursued ranging from machine learning approaches to genetic programming and neural networks. 5.2.1 Types of Machine Learning Supervised learning: In supervised learning example inputs and their desired output is presented by the teacher and let the machine to learn a general rule that maps inputs and outputs. Unsupervised learning: In unsupervised learning, leaving the learning algorithm on its own to find structure in its input. The goal is to let the algorithm in itself to discovering a hidden pattern in data or a means towards an end. Reinforcement learning: In reinforcement learning let the computer interact and perform certain goal in the dynamic environment, and the program is provided feedback in terms of reward and punishment. The best example of machine learning is the face detection and voice recognition. In face detection, the first system learns to detect face, it first learn what are parts a face consists of and what are their position and when any of the objects come in front of its image acquisition device like camera then it matches the position of the parts of the face like eyes, nose, lips and if all set good and at their position then it detects that it is a human face. 5.3 Artificial Neural networks The neurocomputer is invented by Dr. Robert Hecht-Nielsen, and he defines a neural network as: "...a computing system made up of a number of simple, highly interconnected processing elements, which process information by their dynamic state response to external inputs.� [3] The idea of ANNs comes from the working of the human brain. The brain consists of 86 billion nerve cells called neurons and they are connected to other thousand cells by Axons and dendrites that accept the inputs from sensory organs, The input signals quickly travels in the neural networks from one neuron to another in the form of electrical impulses and then the neuron send the messages to another neuron to handle the issue. The human brain works fine only because of making the right connection. In case of a machine, silicon is used as neurons and wires as dendrites. AANs consist of nodes, which is same as neurons in human brains. The nodes are connected to each other by a link to interact each other. The node takes input and performs some operation and sends the output to another node for further operation or does not send forward. The output generated by a node is called as activation or node value. Each link has their weight, and thus by changing the weight value, ANNs are capable to learn that what happens when the weight value of the link is altered.
Fig 5.3.1 Illustration of Simple ANNs (Source: Tutorial Points)
International Journal of Advance Engineering and Research Development (IJAERD) Volume 4, Issue 10, October-2017, e-ISSN: 2348 - 4470, print-ISSN: 2348-6406 5.3.1 Types of ANNs There are two types of ANN topologies – FeedForward and Feedback. FeedForward ANN: This is unidirectional ANN that is the information flows only in one direction. The information is sent from one node to another but the sending node does not get any information from the receiver node, so there is no any feedback loop. It has fixed input and output and is used only for pattern generation or pattern recognition or pattern classification.
Fig 5.3.2 Illustration of FeedForward ANN (Source: Tutorial Points) Feedback ANN: This ANN is two directional that is the information is sent from one to other and the receiver also sends the signal back, so there is a feedback loop between nodes and used in addressable memories.
Fig 5.3.3 Illustration of Feedback ANN (Source: Tutorial Points) 5.3.2 Application of ANNs Aerospace: Used for fault detection and in autopilot mode. Military: Multiple target tracking, object identification, facial recognition. Medical: cell analysis, EEC and ECG analysis. Automobile: Automobile guidance systems, Self-driving. Speech: Text-to-Speech, Voice recognition. Software: Pattern recognition, OCR, facial recognition with Face ID. Signal Processing: Processing signals and filter appropriate signal. Industrial: Quality inspection like welding quality, paper quality, chemical composition, planning and processing. 6. IMPLEMENTATION OF AI ROBOTICS AI Robots are implemented in almost every area and have many applications in present days. It is mostly used in medical, space exploration, military, industries, rescue operation, entertainment to perform those tasks which are difficult for humans, risky and time-consuming. Google Self driving car which is the best example of AI robotics, its average speed is 25 mph and can be operated in any type of roads. It is connected with GPS to gets its rough location and point radar, lasers and camera used for monitor
International Journal of Advance Engineering and Research Development (IJAERD) Volume 4, Issue 10, October-2017, e-ISSN: 2348 - 4470, print-ISSN: 2348-6406 surrounding over 360 degrees; it consists of onboard system and software which helps it to navigate in the traffic very easily and accurately. It is more efficient and accurate than a human driver.
Fig 6.1 Google Self Driving Car (Source: motortrend.com) Some of the areas where it is widely used are: Space: Space is very vast and extremely dangerous, so it is more convenient to explore it with the help of robots rather human, but there exist many problems to operate robots remotely in distant places like Mars, Jupiter or any such place because it takes hours to travel the signal and processing, sometimes the robots have to respond quickly as the weather or condition changes at that places, so in that case AI robots are used which take care of themselves. Mixed-initiative Activity Plan Generator (MAPGEN), it is based on "EUROPA", and is an AI planning tool which supports the Deep space 1 mission, which is launched on Oct 24, 1998, and now it supports the Mars Exploration Mission. Now, NASA improves MAPGEN software for another Mars mission, which lands on red planet next year.
Fig 6.2 Artistic image of Deep space 1 probe (Source: NASA) SPIFe is another software which is tested that could help astronauts work independently in space. It enables the crews in spaceship more self-sufficient, using advanced planning software crews does not depend on people on earth for the plan. The human-robot team could inspect their vehicles and make repair unassisted.
Fig 6.3 Scientist testing the software that allows wireless communication. Humans do not have to dedicate continuous attention to the robot. (Source: NASA) Medical: In medical robots are used in critical surgery operated by the surgeon, but recently many new autonomous robots are developed which is perfect and accurate than a surgeon. Smart Tissue Autonomous Robot (STAR), in recent experiments, STAR"s inventor cuts the flesh more precisely and accurately than expert surgeon do, and damage less surrounding flesh. This is not the first time the robot does surgery
International Journal of Advance Engineering and Research Development (IJAERD) Volume 4, Issue 10, October-2017, e-ISSN: 2348 - 4470, print-ISSN: 2348-6406 accurately before that in 2016 STAR sewed two segments of pig intestine with stitches more precisely than an expert surgeon.
Fig 6.4 STAR Surgical Robot (Source: pbs.org) In September Singapore"s Changi General Hospital tested the self-driving wheelchair which is developed by the Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology or SMART. It has 6 wheels which lend the stability and make tight turn fit in normal doorframes. It successfully navigates the hospital hall, to navigate it make a map using data from three lidars and localization algorithm determines where it is, and another one is developed by Panasonic and Whill, Inc which is tested at Haneda Airport, Tokyo.
Fig 6.5 Wheelchair (Source: Panasonic) Industries: Today"s world is in the mid of 4th industrial revolution, driven by information and automation. AI and machine-learning are shifting the way we interact with data and also changing how we will manufacture the modern world. AI and Automation is next step in the advancement of industries. Robots serve in almost every role from designing to shipping the product. Recently in Robotics and Artificial Intelligence Lab at the University of Rochester, trained a Baxter assembly robot to understand and respond to natural language commands. When the instruction to "pick up the middle gear in the row of five gears on the right," is given to the robot first it converts the audio instructions into text then uses that text to determine.
Fig 6.6 Baxter Assembly Robot (Source: engadget.com) In today"s industries robots are used can collaborate to each other. In China, Great Wall Motors an automotive plant used these robots in welding lines, where welding robots and handling robots collaborates each other, and 4000 welding operation is performed in just 86 second cycle time on a car with transferring operation.
International Journal of Advance Engineering and Research Development (IJAERD) Volume 4, Issue 10, October-2017, e-ISSN: 2348 - 4470, print-ISSN: 2348-6406
Fig 6.7 Welding robots in GWM plant (Source: engadget.com) Military: In military AI robots are in development phase, currently, it used very limitedly. The Defence Advance Research Project Agency funds the robotics company Boston Dynamics, Which is developing a 3 feet long, 2.5 feet tall, and 240 pounds robot with 4 legs named BigDog. This robot is able to carry load up to 350 pounds and can travel through snow, ice, mud, rain and in another difficult terrain at speed of 4 miles per hour and even climb a 35-degree incline. It controlled and balanced itself by adjusting its position using data collected by its camera and processed by an onboard system installed in it.
Fig 6.8 BigDog (Source: robots-and-androids.com) US army also used Unmanned Ground Vehicles (UGV), it operates in outdoor and in a variety of terrain. It is autonomous robot tank which gains information from surrounding and makes strategies and travel without any human interaction and avoids harmful situations.
Fig 6.9 UGV (Source: robots-and-androids.com) 7. LIMITATIONS "We cannot quite know what will happen if a machine exceeds our own intelligence, so we can't know if we'll be infinitely helped by it, or ignored by it and sidelined, or conceivably destroyed by it" – Stephen Hawking [4] AI robots make life easy and simple but there are limitations in some areas, such as military because it is dangerous offensive autonomous robot use AI to select and kill without any intervention of human that means robots decide when to eliminate people that totally based on pre-selected criteria. If machine became more intelligent than human or in another word super-intelligent then humans future is shaped as AI preferences. The AI robots able to perform almost all tasks which any human can do and even better than human, but some tasks like imagination, dreaming which lead humans towards some new innovation is not possible in present scenario but it might be possible in future.
International Journal of Advance Engineering and Research Development (IJAERD) Volume 4, Issue 10, October-2017, e-ISSN: 2348 - 4470, print-ISSN: 2348-6406 8. FUTURE SCOPE As stated above AI Robotics has a great scope in almost every area. From the ancient time to modern dayâ€&#x;s surgery is still done manually, so, there is always some risk to the life of the patient, but what if we deploy some Artificial Intelligent Robots which perform the surgery, it reduces the risk of the patient live as well as it is more accurate than a surgeon. In space, in next few years we will move beyond our solar system, hence we face lots of technical and connection problem, as the distance is so far it takes a long time to receive and send the command to the probe, so, in that situation AI Robots are very helpful because it has the capability to take decision on its own in some critical situation. In the military, transportation is one of the major problems for a soldier, so it is very helpful to deploy autonomous robots which carry the loads and able to travel in any type of terrain. Also in next few years, it is possible that humanoid robots take place in the military and ready to face the enemy. There are several other areas like industries, rescue operation, entertainment where AI Robots are used extensively.
9. CONCLUSION However, the use of AI Robots is limited in present society, but now as the world moves towards automation the demand of AI Robots increased rapidly and new innovations are done in this field in next few years we will see these intelligent robots working everywhere along with humans. As the use of intelligent robots increased it causes some security issue for mankind because evolution of human brain is slower as compared to artificial intelligence, then it might possible that AI exceeds the human intelligent, but on another hand it is also very helpful for mankind because it can perform all such task which is not possible for humans. REFERENCES [1] http://thepitcher.org/10-quotes-give-different-perspective-artificial-intelligence/ [2]https://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/keywords/robots.html [3] https://medium.com/towards-data-science/a-gentle-introduction-to-neural-networks-series-part-1-2b90b87795bc [4] http://www.bbc.com/news/technology-30290540 [5]https://spacedoutscientist.com/2015/10/11/artificial-intelligence-robots-consciousness/ [6]https://www.nasa.gov/centers/ames/research/exploringtheuniverse/spiffy.html [7]https://spectrum.ieee.org/the-human-os/biomedical/devices [8]https://www.engadget.com/2017/09/11/human-robot-ai-manufacturing/ [9]https://www.tutorialspoint.com/artificial_intelligence/ [10]http://www.robots-and-androids.com/military-robots.html [11]https://www.tutorialspoint.com/artificial_intelligence/artificial_intelligence_robotics.htm [12]https://blog.robotiq.com/bid/69722/Top-5-Robotic-Applications-in-the-Automotive-Industry [13]https://www.tutorialspoint.com/artificial_intelligence/artificial_intelligence_neural_networks.htm [14] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robotics [15]https://www.tutorialspoint.com//mahout/mahout_machine_learning.htm [16] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_intelligence
Editor IJAERD
Artificially intelligent robotics a survey ijaerdv04i1066153
editorijaerd


No Water Bottle.. Do not worry... GenEzentials Eco-Friendly Compressed Tissue Wipes Dispenser is HERE!
A great way to start with a Travel Starter Value Pack that includes both Compressed tissue wipes handy dispenser tube (7 pcs) and Compressed tissue wipes refill bag (100 pcs). SAVE 10%!
What a way to start. Handy tube for your pocket or handbag and refill bag to top up your handy tube. It also can be a great gift for family and friends.
1 x Handy Dispenser Tube - 7 compressed tissue pieces.
1 x Refill bag - 100 compressed tissue pieces.
GenEzentials Eco-Friendly Compressed Tissue Wipes Dispenser — an all purpose dry tissue that is compressed into a coin shape. Made with material extracted 100% Natural Cellulose. It is a product made with innovative technology and global patented. It does not contain any chemical ingredient, brightening agent, safe and gentle to use across all ages especially for those who have sensitive skin. The product is manufactured not only for wellbeing in mind but also environmentally friendly. It is bio-degradable, compostable and 100% viscose rayon roll. It is portable and compact in size, a great product to take it anywhere. You determine how you are going too use by what liquid you add, it can be used as hot or cold or organic scented or organic anti-bacterial tissue wipes and how wet you prefer your wipes to be.
This GenEzentials compressed tissue dispenser is great for pockets, ladies handbag, mother's baby bag, travel bag and so on. This new dispenser meaning that you do not have to carry water bottle at all. Plus it is also air-travel approved size.
What it is Compressed Tissue?
It is a dried tissue that is made by passing 100% viscose rayon roll, a regenerative pulp, through the process of folding, cutting, rolling and compression.
100% bio-degradable all purpose cleaning tissue.
Environmentally friendly: Naturally decomposes itself.
Compare with general wet tissues, it is distinguished by its dry, antiseptic-free condition.
Remove makeup and nail polish remover.
Temporary bandage (First Aid kit) or antiseptic swab.
General cleaning like table, laptop, fish aquarium/tank, dusting, window & eye glasses wipes and etc.
Places where health and hygiene are important (example Restaurant, Hotel, Club, Spa and etc).
For traveling (example Traveling abroad, Camping, Mountain climbing, Fishing, Golf and etc).
Open the water dispenser cap. Unscrew the other cap and simply add water into the water dispenser until the top line indicator. Screw back the cap and ready to use.
Press the GenEzentials Compressed Tissue lightly 2 - 3 times to soak up the water. Or you can keep pressing the tissue tablet until it is fully inflated. Unroll the tissue. An instant quality ready-to-use all purpose wet tissue.
If it is not that dirty, you can wash them in hot water or running tap water and dry them. You can reuse it as many times as you can until wear and tear before throwing it away.
This tissue is bio-degradable, where possible please dispose in compost bin.
Compressed Tissue : 21.5mm/2.15cm (width) x 11.5mm/1.15cm (height) x 21.5mm/2.15cm (depth) +/- 5mm/0.5cm.
Expand Tissue : 200mm x 240mm +/- 5mm (20cm x 24cm +/- 0.5cm).
Tube : 50mm/5cm (width) x 92mm/9.2cm (height) x 25mm/2.5cm (depth) +/-.
Bag : 160mm/16cm (width) x 222mm/22.2cm (height) x 45mm/4.5cm (depth) +/-.
Donovans Restaurant, St. Kilda, Victoria, Australia.
Keep out of reach of children and animals. This is not a lolly or sweets.


text:
2021 NOTICE:
Due to the uncertainty about seating for any performances in 2021, there will be NO SUBSCRIPTIONS sold for the 2021 season. Note that patrons who have a credit from past subscriptions/gift certificates will be able to apply that credit toward any individual ticket sales.
Main Stage Subscription
The flexible Main Stage Subscription ($133 Adult; $123 Senior; $113 Under 30) includes one ticket to each Main Stage show during the current season. Subscribers gain first choice of performance dates and seats, with no fees for rescheduling!
Preview Night Subscription
The Preview Night Subscription ($100) includes one ticket to the first performance for each of the Main Stage shows. This is the Preview Night for each production. Dates for 2020 are: June 18, July 9, July 30, and August 27. (Each performance is 5:00pm on a Thursday.)
A Preview Night performance is a fully-rehearsed and staged performance, although some directorial decisions may be changed for future performances, and it is offered at a lower price to make theatre more accessible for everyone in our community. Note: Upgrade charges apply when exchanging Preview Night tickets to non-preview performances.
Subscriptions provide:
Savings over individual show tickets
First choice of seats
Free exchanges*
Ability to purchase additional single tickets before they go on sale to the rest of the world
Most importantly, you're part of the team!
*Exchanges from a preview show to a non-preview show are subject to an upgrade charge.
Subscribers should contact the Box Office at 518-962-4449 or tickets@depottheatre.org to choose performance dates and reserve seats (if preferences were not included with online order). Subscribers cannot choose seats via the online ticketing seating chart.
Seating is subject to availability. While single ticket sales begin at a later date TBA (giving subscribers first choice of seats!) the sooner one makes reservations, the better the chance to obtain preferred date & seating.
Current subscribers can purchase additional single tickets prior to their on sale date — just contact the Box Office!
Policies & Fees
Seating is subject to availability. Upgrade charges apply when exchanging Preview Night tickets to non-preview performances. Exchanges are always free for Main Stage Subscription holders. A $3 exchange fee typically applies to non-subscribers, but exchange fees will be waived for 2021 Season. To help defray the costs of maintaining our historical building and to support our educational programming, a $2 facility and education fee is added to each ticket (that's $2 per each show in a Subscription package). A convenience fee may be added to tickets purchased online. This fee is charged by a third-party provider, AudienceView/OvationTix, the company which provides the service. Tickets are non-refundable. Dates, times, and titles are subject to change. The age to qualify for the Senior Discount is 65. If you require any special seating accommodations please let the Box Office know when making reservations.
Take a look at the Depot Theatre seating chart HERE
Box Office Hours of Operation
June: 1pm-5pm on Monday, Wednesday, Thursday, and Friday.
July-August: 1pm - 5pm every day (1pm until showtime on performance days). CLOSED TUESDAYS.
Off-season: Open one day a week, usually Monday (weather-dependent; closed on holidays)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Raiders' Arden Key on sacks: 'My opportunity will come'
Sporting Green // Oakland Raiders
Matt Kawahara Sep. 19, 2019 Updated: Sep. 19, 2019 7:42 p.m.
As Kansas City's Austin Reiter takes down Raiders pass-rusher Arden Key, quarterback Patrick Mahomes unloads a pass to receiver Demarcus Robinson during the first half on Sunday.
Photo: Rich Sugg / TNS
Raiders edge rusher Arden Key said he doesn't watch news conferences.
So he wasn't tuned in Monday when head coach Jon Gruden addressed him directly in a media session the day after a loss to the Chiefs.
"We've got to get more out of Arden, I've said that for long enough," Gruden said. "Arden — if you're listening, we've got to get you going."
Key, a third-round pick last year, had just one sack in his rookie season despite playing the most snaps among Raiders defensive linemen. This season, the Raiders said they intended to use Key as more of a situational pass rusher. In two games, Key has played 52 snaps with one quarterback hit and no sacks.
On Wednesday, Key was relayed Gruden's message and indicated it was nothing new.
"He makes that type of statement every day. Of course, I wish I had the sacks. But they'll come," said Key, who noted that offensive line protections "slide to me. Eventually they're going to start sliding to Benson (Mayowa). So my opportunity will come. And once they start double-chipping us, then it's the interior (line). So it's all phases of the pass-rush game."
Against the Chiefs, Key played 24 snaps despite quarterback Patrick Mahomes dropping back 46 times.
Key said that was a result of the Chiefs throwing from run-pass option looks and: "It wasn't like drop-back, third down." Defensive coordinator Paul Guenther said Thursday that Key's snap count reflected "just the way we were rolling guys through."
"We have more ends than we can roll through," Guenther said. "We're trying to even out the numbers as much as we can so we can keep guys fresh on the rush."
Guenther said Key has been close to breaking through in the first two games.
"He just has to continue to get there," Guenther said. "He's getting close each and every week. It's going to come."
Roster report: Right tackle Trent Brown missed a second consecutive practice Thursday due to a sore knee. Offensive coordinator Greg Olson was asked about Brown's status for Sunday's game at Minnesota and said: "He's good as far as I know."
Receiver/returner Dwayne Harris (ankle), cornerback Keisean Nixon (illness) and guard Gabe Jackson (knee) also did not participate. Running back Josh Jacobs (hip), linebacker Vontaze Burfict (shoulder/knee), cornerback Gareon Conley (neck), defensive tackle P.J. Hall (illness) and receiver Tyrell Williams (hip) were limited. Receiver J.J. Nelson (ankle), safety Curtis Riley (hip) and defensive tackle Corey Liuget (knee) practiced in full after being limited Wednesday.
New guy: Trevor Davis, officially acquired from Green Bay on Thursday, said that in addition to receiver he plays on all four "core" special teams units, including as a returner of kickoffs and punts. That could come into play if Harris, the Raiders' primary return specialist, is ruled out for Sunday.
Davis is from Martinez and played at Cal and said being back in the Bay Area "feels great. … My whole family is Raiders fans. So they're kind of juiced right now."
Matt Kawahara is a San Francisco Chronicle staff writer.
Matt Kawahara
Follow Matt on:
matthewkawahara
Matt Kawahara is the Oakland Raiders beat reporter.
For Packers' Aaron Rodgers, NFC title game brings too-familiar result
Raheem Mostert breaks Colin Kaepernick's 49ers postseason rushing record


text:
Hate crimes are on the rise but helping is too
Hate Crimes Are On The Rise-But Helping Is Too
By: Kendra Pierre-Louis | good.is
The day after the 2016 election, Baylor University sophomore Natasha Nkhama was walking to her 10 a.m. class in Waco, Texas, when another student shoved her. "No n-----s allowed on the sidewalk," the stranger allegedly said, contributing to a recent uptick in violent acts of bigotry.
A November report from the FBI found that in 2015, hate crimes against Muslims in America had reached 9/11-era levels, increasing by 67 percent. Hate crimes overall went up 7 percent. Meanwhile, in 2016, the Southern Poverty Law Center reported more than 1,000 hate-related incidents in the month after the election alone.
Nkhama was ready to chalk up the incident to Trump-related intolerance when a bystander-another student-intervened, saying to the aggressor, "Dude, what are you doing? That's not cool." Two days later, more than 300 people from within the Baylor community lined up to walk Nkhama to class.
Their message was clear: Racism isn't tolerated here. It's a message that's becoming formalized at institutions-from governments and workplaces to college campus-across the country.
"What we're trying to do is create a norm where people help," says Leslie Fasone, assistant dean for women and gender affairs at Indiana University Bloomington. Fasone oversees one of a growing number of bystander intervention programs present on college campuses. The program began roughly six years ago when the campus was dealing with a number of serious student injuries and, even, deaths. At the time, Fasone says a common theme "was that somebody could have potentially intervened," but chose instead to mind his or her own business.
Standing by in moments of conflict isn't unusual. In fact, it's classic behavior associated with the "bystander effect"-a phenomenon studied by psychologists as early as the 1960s- in which witnesses don't help, either because they assume someone else will take care of it or because they're afraid that intervening is dangerous. The most famous instance of the bystander effect was during the 1964 murder of Kitty Genovese, supposedly seen by 37 neighbors who did nothing to intervene. (It has since been revealed to be a myth.) Yet the effect has been proven to be very real.
But experts are finding ways to overcome the fearful motivations of potential bystanders. Programs like Green Dot and Step UP! help future witnesses internalize personal responsibility on their decisions to help or not to help by offering tools and best practices for intervening safely. Overcoming harassment doesn't have to be hard, says Fasone. "Bystanders don't always have to be direct and address the person that's being discriminatory or harassing somebody.
For example, Fasone describes one effective method captured in the now-ubiquitous intervention guide created by Maeril, a French illustrator of Middle Eastern descent, for defusing Islamophobic harassment by employing a technique known as "noncomplimentary behavior." Essentially, witnesses ignore the harasser, instead focusing on personally connecting with the victim to mollify a potentially violent situation. Charles Sonder (aka Snackman) took this approach in 2012, earning social media fame after breaking up a fight in the New York City subway by standing between the two combatants and quietly eating a stack of cheddar-flavored potato chips.
Quantifying and tracking bystander intervention may not be as clear-cut as it is for hate crimes. Yet, a number of reports in recent months have been heartening. In June, after a man boarded the New York City subway and started screaming insults at two Muslim women wearing hijabs, a group of subway riders shut him down. When a girl was sexually assaulted on a bus this past October, actor/activist Moise Morancy put a stop to it by forcefully telling the assailant to stop.
Recent studies in the Journal of Interpersonal Violence and the European Journal of Social Psychology show that when bystanders choose not to let "uncivil behavior" go unchecked-instead breaking the pattern and taking action-the more likely witnesses are to intervene in the future. In other words, the more we help, the more we create an expectation that helping is acceptable.
It's a guideline for behavior that was perhaps best summed up by Fred Rogers of Mister Rogers' Neighborhood fame: "When I was a boy and I would see scary things in the news, my mother would say to me, 'Look for the helpers. You will always find people who are helping.'"
Source: good.is


Estuary Ltd. is a record label devoted to presenting work by performers and composers of new and experimental music. It is a place where fiercely unique music can exist, safe from the vast ocean of mediocrity and complacency that surrounds us. It is a refuge for true experimentalists, featuring individuals committed to their practice who are at ease with betweenness. Our focus is on genre-defying art, with a directive to offer a multifaceted array of visions and aesthetics. Estuary is a reservoir rich with ideas, nourished by the diversity of practice within the fields of contemporary music and sound art.


Things were different for the wealthy. If you've resolved to lose weight in , you might be considering signing up for a commercial diet plan, such as Weight Watchers, Nutrisystem, or Jenny Craig. The Hay diet was popular in the s and many restaurants offered 'Hay-friendly' menus; followers of his dietary advice, included Henry Ford  and Man Ray. Common seasonings in the highly spiced sweet-sour repertory typical of upper-class medieval food included verjuice , wine and vinegar in combination with spices such as black pepper , saffron and ginger. Phil and The New York Times. According to the Harvard Medical School , a pound person burns 72 calories by just sitting in a one-hour meeting. Learn how to lose weight and keep it off.
There are endless ways to get the exercise you need to stay healthy. Sick of the gym? Try going dancing or cleaning up the yard. Small, fun activities can help you stay fit and lose fat.
How many calories burned by an exercise depends on how big you are. It takes more energy to move a bigger body. When he was starting out at pounds, Bodybuilding. Keep in mind that the calorie numbers here are just estimates.
How hard you work makes a difference in how many calories you burn, so don't just phone it in. And of course, hundreds of calories burned won't add up to much weight loss if you're eating hundreds of calories too many. Use our calorie calculator to make sure you're eating the right amount. These exercises are great if you're short on time or are just getting into fitness.
Just string several together over the course of a day. They're not too tough, so don't worry about messing up your recovery from your usual workout sessions. In fact, many people find that low-intensity activity actually helps muscle soreness. There's nothing like a quick walk first thing in the morning to chalk up some burned calories and give you energy for the day ahead.
Walking also helps you keep your weight in check. Take your partner out for an evening of dancing to kill the work-week stress and boost your fitness at the same time. Watching TV is just about the lowest-calorie-burning activity you could do. Rev up your burn by exercising at the same time. Add a some stretching , lunges, planks, and push-ups to push up how many calories you burn. Reduce your workout rest periods from 60 to 30 seconds By doing shorter rest periods between the sets of a strength training workout, you'll increase your post-workout calorie burn called EPOC for up to 48 hours.
Of course, the level of boost you'll get depends on the intensity of exercises you choose. If you're going to cut down rest periods, use moderate weights that you can handle for around reps per set. Taking the stairs boosts your energy since it gets blood flowing while strengthening your quads, hamstrings, glutes, and calves.
It's a great way to increase how many calories you burn every day. Rather than finding the closest parking spot you can, park a distance away and walk the rest," recommends Wasiak. Bikini Olympia Ashley Kaltwasser. You might not think of raking as exercise, but it builds upper-body strength and burns calories quickly. Lunge into the movement to work your lower body as well.
A post shared by Collin Wasiak collinwasiak on May 5, at 6: Take the time on a low-key weeknight to make something special and healthy. Cooking for just half an hour will burn up calories, helping you keep your evening calorie balance in check. It's the fit way to socialize," says Kaltwasser. Here's one from fitness competitor Wasiak: A great way to burn calories and boost strength is to bring a forearm grip to work and whenever you have a moment, do a set of squeezes.
It makes your heart and lungs stronger too. Hit the road for a bike ride after dinner. It doesn't have to be hard, either! You might not even break a sweat. Instead of doing your usual straight-set workout, try supersetting two exercises back-to-back, resting only after you finish both moves.
A post shared by Collin Wasiak collinwasiak on Jun 5, at 5: He adds that for a real challenge, you can also do a "compound set" by combining a multijoint and a single-joint move. In this case, they should work the same muscle group, like dumbbell presses and dumbbell flyes for chest.
OK, we didn't say they'd all be fun. But washing floors is a great way to work your core, upper body, and lower body and will help you add more movement to your day. And your floors will finally be clean. Cutting your lawn each week is a great way to build exercise into your lifestyle.
While the GI has long been promoted as a tool to help manage blood sugar, there are some notable drawbacks. If you have diabetes, you can still enjoy a small serving of your favorite dessert now and then. The key is moderation.
Reduce your cravings for sweets by slowly reduce the sugar in your diet a little at a time to give your taste buds time to adjust. Hold the bread or rice or pasta if you want dessert. Eating sweets at a meal adds extra carbohydrates so cut back on the other carb-heavy foods at the same meal. Add some healthy fat to your dessert. Think healthy fats, such as peanut butter, ricotta cheese, yogurt, or nuts. Eat sweets with a meal, rather than as a stand-alone snack.
Make your indulgence count by eating slowly and paying attention to the flavors and textures. Reduce soft drinks, soda and juice. For each 12 oz. Try sparkling water with a twist of lemon or lime instead. Cut down on creamers and sweeteners you add to tea and coffee. Buy unsweetened iced tea, plain yogurt, or unflavored oatmeal, for example, and add sweetener or fruit yourself. Check labels and opt for low sugar products and use fresh or frozen ingredients instead of canned goods.
Be especially aware of the sugar content of cereals and sugary drinks. Avoid processed or packaged foods like canned soups, frozen dinners, or low-fat meals that often contain hidden sugar.
Prepare more meals at home. You can boost sweetness with mint, cinnamon, nutmeg, or vanilla extract instead of sugar.
Refined Carbs and Sugar: Find healthy ways to satisfy your sweet tooth. Instead of ice cream, blend up frozen bananas for a creamy, frozen treat.
Or enjoy a small chunk of dark chocolate, rather than a milk chocolate bar. Start with half of the dessert you normally eat, and replace the other half with fruit. And cocktails mixed with soda and juice can be loaded with sugar. Choose calorie-free mixers, drink only with food, and monitor your blood glucose as alcohol can interfere with diabetes medication and insulin.
The first step is to spot hidden sugar on food labels, which can take some sleuthing:. Manufacturers are required to provide the total amount of sugar in a serving but do not have to spell out how much of this sugar has been added and how much is naturally in the food.
The trick is that each sweetener is listed separately. The contribution of each added sugar may be small enough that it shows up fourth, fifth, or even further down the list.
Omega-3 fatty acids fight inflammation and support brain and heart health. Good sources include salmon, tuna, and flaxseeds. Good, Bad, and the Power of Omega-3s. Two of the most helpful strategies involve following a regular eating schedule and recording what you eat. Your body is better able to regulate blood sugar levels—and your weight—when you maintain a regular meal schedule. Aim for moderate and consistent portion sizes for each meal. Start your day off with a good breakfast. It will provide energy as well as steady blood sugar levels.
Eat regular small meals—up to 6 per day. Eating regularly will help you keep your portions in check. Keep calorie intake the same. To regulate blood sugar levels, try to eat roughly the same amount every day, rather than overeating one day or at one meal, and then skimping the next. Exercise can help you manage your weight and may improve your insulin sensitivity. You can also try swimming, biking, or any other moderate-intensity activity that has you working up a light sweat and breathing harder.


Well, another boring night in the garage. I did dimple rib #4, then prep ribs 5 and 6.
Here's an action shot of me dimpling rib #4.
Rib #6 was providing some rigidity for my leading edge in the cradle, so when I was done prepping #5, I clecoed it back in place so I could get rrib #6.
The right leading edge on the bench, in the cradle.
I don't remember why I took this picture, maybe just to show I finished ribs 5 and 6.
Anyway, I'll need to get the leading edge landing light thing sorted out before finalizing these two ribs (the bracket is mounted laterally between these two ribs.
One half hour of glorious rib prep.


The Retirement Board and Investment Staff continuously strive to stay well informed of the changes in the financial markets and global macroeconomics to achieve optimal results for the Plan's portfolio. As part of this effort, the Retirement Board and Investment staff will seek advice and expertise with respect to the investment and management of assets for the Plan. The Plan's portfolio is invested in a variety of asset classes, including domestic and international equity, fixed income, real estate, private equity, and alternative investments. Careful attention is given not only to how the various classes perform during different market cycles, but also how they perform relative to each other. By having strategic classes that perform differently, the chance of significant losses is reduced.


text:
Cement Tycoon N. Srinivasan Calls for Return of Nehruvian 'Freight Equalisation' Policy
Published on : 10 Feb, 2020 , 6:30 pm
The suggestion must be seen in the context of the South Indian market's health, which has seen a de-growth of 8% in cement demand in the nine months of the current.
Chennai: In what may be considered a throw-back to an older economic era, top industrialist N. Srinivasan has suggested the revival of a freight equalisation fund for India's cement industry.
This is essential to move cement seamlessly to North India, said Srinivasan, who is also the vice-chairman and managing director of The India Cements (ICL), in an interaction with journalists on Friday.
Asserting that the cement demand-supply equation in the South "is the worst'", Srinivasan says that cement capacity, especially in the south, would remain ahead of demand at least for the next four-to-five years. The India Cements boss believes that that Andhra Pradesh and Telangana together account for over 30% of the country's limestone deposits. "A lot of it is sitting here (in these two states)," he said, adding that a lot of demand though emanated from the northern part of the country.
This has resulted in huge price disparity between the two regions, which could have serious cost repercussions for projects in North India, seen as a cement-consuming region.
The suggestion for resurrecting the freight equalization fund must also be seen in the context of ground reality in the South, which has seen a de-growth of 8% in cement demand in the nine months of the current financial year. South Indian states together reported a 12% de-growth in cement demand in the third quarter of this year, which again must be viewed in the context of demand growth in other regions of the country.
"The main contributing factor being the stalling of major projects in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana," he said. The deferment of infrastructure projects in these states and the general slowdown in the economy only accentuated the worries of the cement units in the South.
"With huge capacity overhang in a low demand scenario, the price of cement has come under continuous pressure in South," he added.
Since limestone deposits are heavily concentrated in the South, the price dynamics could prove disadvantageous for projects in the North. This will have adverse fall-outs on development of the region in the long-run. Srinivasan said a freight equalisation kind of a system must be looked into by taking a holistic picture of the emerging scenario.
India's freight equalisation policy was introduced in 1952 by the Centre to facilitate equal growth of industry across the country. This essentially meant a factory could be set up anywhere in India and the long-distance transportation of minerals would be subsidized by the central government. The policy applied only to commodities such as iron, steel, cement and the like. The policy, a creation of Nehruvian socialism, ostensibly intended to redistribute wealth and resources so as to provide equal access to everybody.
Antagonists of the policy were of the view that caused artificial disadvantage to a region already blessed with an advantage. Often times, economists described this phenomenon as 'the resource curse' or the 'paradox of plenty'. The policy was eventually scrapped after India's economy was liberalised in the 1990s.
Its legacy has often been viewed as one of the biggest reasons why resource-rich states like Bihar weren't able to properly develop. While there has been on-and-off demand for restoration of a freight equalization policy, the Centre has been steadfast in refusing.
Coming as it does at a time when the economy is going through stressed times, Srinivasan's suggestion to revisit the long-buried policy is bound to trigger a new kind of debate in the Indian corporate circuit.
N. Srinivasan, The I


James Adovasio stood on a platform on an overcast day last week, about forty feet up the side of a steep-sloped, wooded valley outside the tiny town of Avella, Pennsylvania, about thirty miles southwest of Pittsburgh. Adovasio, a sixty-nine-year-old archaeology professor, watched as a handful of archaeologists, mostly young ones, gently probed and poked at slabs of exposed rock. Torrential rains in mid-July had partially flooded the site, known as the Meadowcroft Rockshelter, and the group was here to assess the damage.
Adovasio began excavating this site back in 1973. A young archaeologist at the University of Pittsburgh, he intended to use Meadowcroft to train students. But what he found here helped demolish his colleagues' long-held ideas about the timing of humans' first steps in the New World. Since the nineteen-thirties, the conventional wisdom had held that humans crossed over into North America from Siberia around thirteen thousand years ago, then spread over the next five hundred years through North and South America—wiping out mammoths, mastodons, and other large mammals as they went. This hypothesis became known as the "blitzkrieg model" of species extinction.


With the Discussion feature introduced, the commenting was enhanced, e.g. allowing multiple comments for segments, comments on document level, etc.
When a document or segment has a comment, the Discussion icon turns yellow.


text:
Home / 2020 AP Cup Batgirl/Batboy
2020 AP Cup Batgirl/Batboy
Purchase a 'Family Full Event' ticket for the 2020 AP Cup and choose a game for your child to be a batgirl/batboy. Don't miss out on this amazing opportunity!
Step 1 Purchase a 'Family Full Event' ticket via the Humanitix Website.
Step 2 Make a selection for the team and game that you would like your child to be a batgirl/batboy for via the online form.
Batgirl/Batboy Terms and Conditions
To be eligible to choose a game for a child to be a batgirl/batboy, you must purchase a 'Family Full Event' ticket via the Eventbrite website: https://events.humanitix.com.au/2020-australia-pacific-cup
One batgirl or batboy can be selected for a team for one game for each 'Family Full Event' ticket purchased.
Game selections for batgirl/batboy will be made only via the applicable online form: https://salforms.softball.org.au/2020-australia-pacific-cup-batgirl-batboy/
Any batgirl/batboy game selections made by a person who has not purchased a 'Family Full Event' ticket will be immediately deleted.
A 'Family Full Event' ticket must be purchased prior to making selection of a game for a batgirl/batboy. Any selections made prior to the date and time of ticket purchase will be immediately deleted.
The online form will be updated periodically to reflect the teams/games that are still available for selection for batgirls/batboys. However, there may be occasions where a game/team is displayed on the online form that has already been selected by another person. Where this occurs, a person will be contacted as soon as the duplicate selection has been discovered and they will have the opportunity to select another team/game that is still available.
A batgirl/batboy must be born in 2011 or earlier (eg. 2008, 2009). Any child born in 2012 or later is not eligible to be a batgirl/batboy. A child born in 2008 or 2009 must have prior softball experience. It is highly desirable for a child born in 2009 or earlier to have prior softball experience.
The duties of being a batgirl/batboy include sitting on the bench with the team and collecting bats on the field of play. A team's manager will assist in overseeing the batgirl/batboy, but the batgirl/batboy must be capable to perform the duties independently.
Softball Australia has full discretion in deciding if a child has the ability to carry out the duties of being a batgirl/batboy and can decide on the day of a game that a child is not suitable for the role.
A batgirl/batboy must provide their own batting helmet for use in carrying out the duties.
If a child is no longer available to carry out the batgirl/batboy duties, a substitute can be named, provided they meet the requirements, or an alternative game that is still available can be chosen. No refunds will be provided for those no longer able to attend the event.
In the case where games are rescheduled or cancelled due to adverse weather or other circumstances, Softball Australia has the right to choose an alternative game for a batgirl/batboy or no longer offer the experience.
Finals games are not included within this opportunity. A separate opportunity will be available for children to be a batgirl/batboy for a team for a finals game, details will be confirmed at a later date.


text:
Q: INNER JOIN two table get error SQL Statment not ended properly I have two table which I want to select Name from t2.
The situation is following.
I have t1 Policy which containt EmployeeID
And table t2 which containt Name
Now I want to select which Employee release policy.
So in t1(Policy- AUTO.POL) I have column: SIFRA_RAD
and t2(Employee-AUTO.SIFRAD) I have colum: SIFRA_R, Ime
I try something like this:
select auto.pol.sifra_rad, auto.sifrad.ime
from auto.sifrad
inner join auto.pol on  auto.sifrad.ime = auto.pol.sifra_rad;

After that I get error
ORA-00933: SQL command not properly ended

I have no idea what is wrong here. Any suggestion?

A: The problem comes from query, and we fix it
select p.sifra_rad, s.ime from auto.sifrad s, auto.pol p where s.ime = p.sifra_rad

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Pope Francis met with the father of Kristel Padasas, the 27-year old volunteer who died at mass in Tacloban the day before when he visit the city devestated just over a year ago by killer typhoon Haiyan.
Padasas was fatally injured when scaffolding by the stage where the mass took place collapsed during the wind caused by the tropical storm approaching the area, Vatican Radio reports.
Pope Francis had held an open air mass in the Philippine city of Tacloban, which was devastated by Typhoon Haiyan.
The pontiff was forced to cut short his visit due to another storm blowing in and his mass the following day in Manila was also buffeted by the powerful weather.
Tens of thousands braved pouring rain and strong winds brought by Tropical Storm Mekkhala to attend the mass in Tacloban said by the Pope wearing a cheap yellow rain poncho, the same as worn by the crowd.
He was due to meet survivors of the typhoon after the mass but the storm forced the Pope to cut short his visit otherwise he may have been stranded in Tacloban.
A 12-year-old girl wept as she asked Francis why children, in particular, suffer so much, The Associated Press reported.
She spoke of children abandoned by their parents who end up in prostitution, but could not get through her remarks.
"Why is God allowing something like this to happen, even to innocent children?" she said through tears. "And why are there so few who are helping us?"
Francis was clearly moved, but said he had no answer.
"Only when we are able to cry are we able to come close to responding to your question," he said.
"Those on the margins cry. Those who have fallen by the wayside cry. Those who are discarded cry," he said. "But those who are living a life that is more or less without need, we don't know how to cry."
Sunday's meeting with the killed woman's father took place in the Apostolic Nunciature in Manila, and lasted over 20 minutes on January 18, with Cardinal Luis Antonio Tagle acting as an interpreter.
The director of the Holy See Press Office, Father Federico Lombardi, said during the meeting, two childhood photos of Kristen were on the table.
He also said the father was shocked by his daughter's death, but consoled by the fact that she had been able to help prepare for the arrival of the Pope.
Kristel's mother was in Hong Kong at the time of the accident, and was due back in the Philippines on January 19.
During his Sunday meeting with young people, Pope Francis led a prayer for Kristel and her parents.
Kristel worked for the U.S. bishops' international relief and development agency, Catholic Relief Services, on a recovery project for Typhoon Yolanda [Haiyan].
"Her dedication to the people affected by the typhoon extended beyond her official work with CRS," the organization said in a statement. "She traveled a great distance to volunteer at today's papal mass and to remember the victims of Typhoon Haiyan."
The statement also said CRS Philippines mourns her loss along with her family, friends and loved ones.
"[Kristel] colleagues remember her as someone who loved to laugh and who was always ready to assist outside her normal duties," it continues.
"She found great joy in being able to contribute to the recovery effort by working directly with communities and families. Our deepest prayers are with Kristel's family and loved ones."


Recent acts of terrorism and the current unrest in the Middle East remind us how important it is to understand the relationship between violence, peace and democracy. In a challenging and insightful essay, Amartya Sen explores ideas around 'organised violence' (such as war, genocide and terrorism) and violence against the individual. Highlighting the inadequacies of some of the widely accepted explanations for violence – including the idea that the world is experiencing a 'clash of civilisations' – Sen makes a plea for a global, multilateral debate on the causes of conflict, and an understanding of the multiple identities of the individuals involved.
Amartya Sen is Lamont University Professor at Harvard University. His most recent book is "The Idea of Justice" (Harvard University Press, 2009). Amartya Sen chaired the Commission on Respect and Understanding. Among the other members is Professor Kwame Anthony Appiah.
See also the website of the Commonwealth Secretariat.
Habermas: How Democratic is the EU?
Egon Flaig on Habermas and the "Historikerstreit"


text:
Q: Top 5 values in a particular row of a dataframe I have a dataframe with 165 columns where I have different values.
The dataframe looks like this:
skill1   skill2     slkill3       skill4
1     1     0        54             20
2     0     23       9              2

I want to find the top 3 values for a particular row. How to do that?

A: Here is a base R option
lapply(as.data.frame(t(df)), function(x) sort(x, decreasing = T)[1:3])
#$`1`
#[1] 54 20  1
#
#$`2`
#[1] 23  9  2

The return object is a list with the top 3 numbers for every row.
Or using apply
apply(df, 1, function(x) sort(x, decreasing = T)[1:3])
#      1  2
#[1,] 54 23
#[2,] 20  9
#[3,]  1  2

Here the top 3 numbers are given in every column; column 1 for row 1 of df and so on.

Sample data
df <- read.table(text = "   skill1   skill2     slkill3       skill4
1     1     0        54             20
2     0     23       9              2
", header = T)

A: This is probably not the most elegant but it might help:
tidyr::gather(sort(iris[9,],decreasing = T)[,2:3])#returns top two in row 9

Using data from the above answer:
tidyr::gather(sort(df[2,],decreasing = T)[,1:3])
df <- read.table(text = "   skill1   skill2     slkill3       skill4
1     1     0        54             20
                 2     0     23       9              2
                 ", header = T)

      key value
1  skill2    23
2 slkill3     9
3  skill4     2

A: With tidyverse you can do:
df %>%
 filter(row_number() == 1) %>%
 gather(var, val) %>%
 arrange(desc(val)) %>%
 top_n(3)

      var val
1 slkill3  54
2  skill4  20
3  skill1   1

With row_number() in filter() you specify the row number, then transform the data from wide to long, arrange it according values and select the top three greatest values.
Or:
df %>%
 filter(row_number() == 1) %>%
 gather(var, val) %>%
 mutate(rank = dense_rank(desc(val))) %>%
 filter(rank %in% c(1:3)) %>%
 select(-rank)

With row_number() in filter() you specify the row number, then transform the data from wide to long, creating a ranking variable and then filtering out the cases that are not in top three greatest values.


text:
Home»News»President Buhari Approves Steering Committee On Petroleum Industry ACT
President Buhari Approves Steering Committee On Petroleum Industry ACT
By ACNN TV August 19, 2021 No Comments1 Min Read
President Muhammadu Buhari has commenced implementation of the newly signed Petroleum Industry Act (PIA) by approving a steering committee to oversee the process.
The steering committee is headed by the Honourable Minister of State, Petroleum Resources, Timipre Sylva.
Other members are: Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Petroleum Resources, Group Managing Director, NNPC, Executive Chairman, FIRS, Representative of the Ministry of Justice, Representative of the Ministry of Finance, Budget and National Planning, Senior Special Assistant to the President on Natural Resources, Barrister Olufemi Lijadu as External Legal Adviser, while the Executive Secretary, Petroleum Technology Development Fund, will serve as Head of the Coordinating Secretariat and the Implementation Working Group.
The primary responsibility of the steering committee shall be to guide the effective and timely implementation of the PIA in the course of transition to the petroleum industry envisaged in the reform program, and ensure that the new institutions created have the full capability to deliver on their mandate under the new legislation.
The committee has 12 months duration for the assignment, and periodic updates will be given to Mr President.
Special Adviser to the President
(Media and Publicity)


15 "If your brother sins against you, go and tell him his fault, between you and him alone. If he listens to you, you have gained your brother. 16 But if he does not listen, take one or two others along with you, that every charge may be established by the evidence of two or three witnesses. 17 If he refuses to listen to them, tell it to the church (ειπε τη εκκλησια). And if he refuses to listen even to the church (της εκκλησιας), let him be to you as the heathen / pagan (ο εθνικος) and the tax collector (ο τελωνης) [meaning those considered ceremonially unclean].
The common scholarly view on Matthew 18: 17 is that the word church was anachronistically placed on the lips of Jesus by latter Christians to give this section divine ecclesiastical authority. But if this was indeed the case (being a later addition to this Gospel), then one would expect to have some earlier textual witnesses attested in a Greek uncials or at least some Greek minuscules. However, of the three times the word church is used in Matthew, not once are there any textual notes in the critical Greek Biblical texts indicating an early manuscript has been found lacking this oddity such as we have for the Pericope de Adultera (John 7: 53 – 8: 11) or the longer ending(s) of Mark (16: 9 – 20).
Thus, what we find in this so-called Matthew's Gospel is an original reading giving credence to a late date for the creation of a Jesus who is little more than a theological ploy used to advance this new sect.
In light of the fact that we have no textual witness for any Gospel before 180 CE (nor of the entire New Testament for that matter), plus the fact that this section is (textually) firmly established; we are left with a Jesus of Salvation History (Heilsgeshickte)who is little more than a late literary invention used to justify yet another Greco-Roman mystery religion.


Thanks so much for arranging for Vanita and me to participate in the NCMJGSA tournament this past July 8th.
Attached are photos of our team – consisting of Audrey Goins Brichi, Vanita Finney, Maria Davis and Jaylyn Robinson.
The proceeds from this tournament will be used to promote academic education ad conduct junior/youth golf training programs for youth residing in the Greater Sacramento metropolitan area. SOTL members participated on a complimentary golf entry provided by NCMJGSA in support of Sistas on the Links' 2nd Annual Tournament.


text:
Eulogy for "My Jodi"
by jessie rhines
One of my dearest friends, Jodi Hyde Forde, died instantly in a car accident last month. It was an honor to know and love her and an honor to be asked to share some thoughts at the Ohio memorial service last week. A few folks have asked me to share it in writing, and so I'm sharing it here, as it has more to do with true Yoga than any posture. May we all live a little more like Jodi, one of my favorite yogis, whether she was on or off her mat.
Jodi and I met in 2001, shortly after each one of us had moved to Seattle, her from Ohio and me from Maryland. She was an occupational therapist in the inner-city nursing facility where I was an end of life social worker. We were somewhat surrounded by burnt-out nurses and doctors without the time to make eye contact, so we stuck out to one another right off the bat. Two young and idealistic women, trying to change the world. We were friends throughout years where each of us came of age in various ways, and we supported each other through it all. She referred to me as "My Jessie," and lingered in long, swaying hugs. Somehow that all began fifteen years ago.
We all have our own heavy story about how we learned of Jodi's passing. Mine involved a phone conversation with her wife Jenelle, a huge tangle of shock and speechlessness, and eventually, me joining Jenelle in her tears. Towards the end of the conversation, Jenelle said that she'd wanted to call me herself because I was one of the first people Jodi had told her about, and she wanted me to know how much Jodi loved me.
The way that Jodi lived while she was here on this planet attracted to her many, many beloved friends—many "heart people" as she would've said. So while I may've been one of the first mentioned to Jenelle, the list was very long, and always growing. Jenelle would've had to have been on the phone for days to reach those of us who felt a strong connection to Jodi. Jodi was all about strong connections. Strong connections were her "thing."
I could talk today about how bright she was, or how driven she was in her career. I could talk about what an important activist she was, fighting for women's rights, marriage equality and other issues of social justice. But what I'd rather talk about today is how Jodi made us feel. Maya Angelou, wrote "I've learned that people will forget what you said, and people will forget what you did, but they will always remember how you made them feel." If this is true, then Jodi's life was a complete success.
Jodi's friend Karin Powers describes Jodi as someone who "treated everyone as a near and dear friend that she just hadn't met yet" and that hits the nail on the head. Some of us humans operate, either knowingly or less consciously, as though others need to prove themselves before we can love them. Many are slow to warm, slow to trust—it's kind of "guilty until proven innocent" thing. And while there are plenty of understandable reasons for that caution and guardedness, it tells everyone else that they have to go first. "You be open and generous first, and then maybe you can earn my love." Which, of course, isn't particularly encouraging of others to want to join with us, and so many of us stay stuck in our isolated little worlds. Jodi was the complete opposite; she showed up to situations with love. She was strong enough to be vulnerable, and wise enough to be open. She looked into others so deeply, with curiosity, with compassion…with a rare and precious presence. She saw each one of us as a piece of Divine light, as already lovable, and already worthy. And when the Divine light within each of us is seen, it emerges, and it grows. In a very real way, Jodi helped to grow the very best parts of us.
The leader of Jodi's Life Coaching program, Deborah Drake, describes Jodi as "a being of light, joy and possibility. Each time I saw her she brought warmth to the space she occupied." This warmth drew out the kindest and purest parts of each one of us who were lucky enough to be beheld by Jodi. As the last couple of weeks have unfolded, the common thread running through the varied stories of remembrance is this attention, this focus, this love that she brought to interactions large and small.
And so…we feel the loss. There's nothing I can say to take away your pain—or mine. Not as a psychotherapist, not as a teacher of meditation and yoga, not as a friend to this community. I can't talk anyone out of their their suffering, and in fact I think it would be disrespectful to try. But I can share two things that could perhaps just offer a fragment of comfort, and I think they'd be things that Jodi would want me to share. The first is that Jodi can still be experienced. An old friend of Jodi's, Kristen Hunt, wrote that her heart "cries a river, but a strange unknown song of grief and joy meld to pay…homage." Kristen encourages us to "lean into the long rays of Jodi's eternal love and light." I think that is just so beautiful, and so apt—Jodi as sun. It reminds us that we can not only celebrate her, but we can also allow ourselves to be imprinted by her strong, bright energy, so that she can live on through each one of us. Just open up to her—to her smile, her attention, her lust for life, her fight for a better world—and sense what you feel coming through.
The second thing that could perhaps just offer a seed of comfort is that while we all suffer at certain times in our lives, sometimes tremendously; this is a huge part of how we evolve, how we grow, how find compassion for other beings, how we learn to lend an authentic heart to others in their suffering—ironically, to be a bit more like Jodi. Periods of acute pain like this will ease—for each one of us in our own time—and soften into a wider heart, with a deeper respect for each moment while we have it. I sometimes think of each one of us as a well. The bottom of that well drops deeper when we experience a loss like this. Some of us might even fear that this dropping will be the end of us—it might feel like a falling that we won't survive. But slowly, it is this depth which adds to our own depth: our own depth of capacity to sit with others in their pain, our depth of generosity, our depth of compassion.
In closure, I'll return to that phone call I got, with the terrible news. When Jenelle explained how much Jodi had loved me, I found myself saying "I know." It was all I could say. I already knew. Jodi had always made it very clear; I felt it. Later that day, I shared the news with an old friend who was staying with me from abroad. This friend had shared my wedding week with Jodi, and had met her once or twice beyond that. When I said "you know, she loved you," this friend said "yeah…I know…I didn't even really deserve it…I didn't know her super well, but I felt it." That night, Jodi's sister Jill emailed me to say how much Jodi adored my family. When I shared this with my husband, his response was "I know, I know…"
And so I'd like to ask each one of you, in earnest: do all the people that you love, know? Do they know how much? Do they know the details of why? And if not, what are you going to do about it? Furthermore, as you move forward in your life, could you bring love to brand new relationships? Could you bring it right off the bat? Could you look for the Divine spark, even if it feels like a needle in a haystack, and in that process, help to grow the goodness of others?
If you loved Jodi, honor her. Honor her by being more like her. Let her live on through you in this way—with those you know well, and with those you know less well. Choose love over fear. Hold your judgements very lightly. Make eye contact, and smile. Be warm. Hug, kiss. Respect others simply because they are life. Do this all because it's the right thing to do, not with any expectation of reward. We don't get to know many lives we touch by how we show up in life, but times like this help us to appreciate that we certainly should show up well while we still can.
So, Jodi, I'll turn to you directly now, my beloved friend. Thank you…for all that you brought, all that you were, all that you are. I love you…we love you. Your work now is to rise to the highest possible realms, and continue the Divine work you did while you were here with us. We are better for having known you, and we will endure this loss. May you inspire us care for one another in our grief, recognizing that we all grieve differently. May you help us return to love, and away from anger and fear, again and again and again. May each tear that falls in your name, fuel your journey upwards and may each warm memory guide you to ascend. Be free, my love. Be free.


text:
Houses in Multiple occupation (HMOs)
Houses in Multiple Occupation are shared by more than one household and who may share one or more of the home's facilities.
Examples include bedsits, flats, shared houses and some properties occupied by students.
Cleaner, Safer, Greener
Drinking water safety
Premises Licence
Best Bar None
Club Premises Certificate
Temporary Events Notice
Personal Licence
Gambling licences
Hackney Carriage and Private Hire Driver Licensing
Raffles, totes and lotteries
House to house collections
Street collections
Street Trading
Skin piercing and tattoos
Caravan site licence
Food business registration
Sale of fireworks licence
Rubbish and recycling
Sky lanterns and balloons
Apply online for a house in multiple occupation licence
If you rent out a property as a house in multiple occupation (HMO), you may require a licence from us. This is a house which is occupied by persons who do not form a single household and who may share one or more of the home's facilities. Examples include bedsits, flats, shared houses and some properties occupied by students.
The Housing Act 2004 introduced a mandatory licensing scheme for larger HMOs to improve controls and conditions within these high risk dwellings.
The act also allows selective licensing of other smaller properties in certain designated areas. Currently there is no such additional scheme operating in Newark and Sherwood.
A property is likely to require a licence if all of the following applies:
Shared facilities, such as kitchens, common rooms or bathrooms
Not owned by a housing association or registered social landlord (RSL)
After receiving your application, we will usually carry out a visit to assess the property under the housing health and safety rating system. This will determine whether there are any hazards that require action and that the property meets certain standards in relation to facilities and amenities.
The licence gives the holder permission to operate the HMO for which the licence is held. Licences can last up to five years and will have ongoing conditions to be met. The licence cannot be transferred to another person or relate to more than one property.
Some larger houses will also now require planning permission. For further advice contact the council's planning service.
Fire Safety in HMOs
Fire safety is an important factor when assessing the standards present in HMOs. Landlords must ensure they provide an adequate fire detection system, fire separation and emergency lighting provisions.
National guidance is available that provides advice on how to keep residential buildings safe from fire and how to carry out a fire risk assessment.
Application Evaluation process
Licences will be granted if we are satisfied that:
The landlord is a 'fit and proper person' i.e. that they are a good landlord who complies with all necessary regulations
The property is suitable for occupation by the number of persons specified in the licence
The landlord has suitable management arrangements in place
The property is being kept to the required standards and there are adequate means of escape if there's a fire
Application for a HMO licence
The application and consultation period lasts 2 to 3 months. If you have not heard anything in 3 to 4 weeks from the date of application, please contact us.
Failed application or licence holder redress
If you have any complaints, please contact us in the first instance. You can appeal to a Residential Property Tribunal. Any appeal must be made within 28 days of the decision being made.
HMO landlord guidance (PDF File, 292kb)
DASH guide Amenities and Space in HMOs (PDF File, 305kb) (PDF File, 1.7mb)
DASH Landlord Management Guide for HMO (PDF File, 323kb)
National Federation of Property Professionals
British Property Federation
Decent and Safe Homes (East Midlands)


The craftsman can take a stack of wood and produce a beautiful piece of furniture. He not only possesses intellectual abilities to follow a blueprint or step-by-step instructions, but he is also an artist. His hands manipulate the wood into beautiful shapes. His eyes anticipate the right cuts and movements. His workmanship causes others to wonder at his skill. Such craftsmanship has an application for all men. While not every men may be able to create the products of a master cabinet maker, each man is responsible to create his life with equal skill. Every area of a Christian man's life must be molded by the wisdom of God. His words, his work, his relationships, and even the way he uses his resources must flow from a heart gripped by the character of God. Such a heartbeat for God's glory will practically result in a life skillfully lived. Craftsmen is designed to help men understand wisdom, to see Jesus Christ as the embodiment and source of wisdom, and to apply that wisdom to the god-given roles of husband and father.


text:
My Father Was Carmen Miranda!: Memoirs of an English Showgirl (MP3 CD)
By Nena Jover Kelty (Read by), Joe Bevilacqua (Producer)
This title is likely Out of Print or otherwise unavailable
Hardcover (June 21st, 2016): $32.95
Compact Disc (May 12th, 2015): $29.95
Find out what it was like to play the big UK theaters as the bombs fell ...My Father Was Carmen Miranda is the story of music hall showgirl Nena Jover Kelty--part of the renowned Jover family who entertained in circuses, theaters, and music halls throughout the world for three generations. When her father's act, "The Two Jovers," broke up in 1939, Tommy Jover drafted his children to form a new act, "Tommy Jover with Nena and Raf." They played all over Britain through the dark years of World War II, from 1939 to 1946.Although buzz bombs were falling, food was scarce, and travel was often dangerous, nothing would frighten the Brits into giving up their evenings at the music hall. In the best tradition of British variety, Tommy Jover did a raucous turn as a female impersonator--music hall patrons screamed with delight when he topped his head with a fruit basket and made like Carmen Miranda--much to the embarrassment of young Nena, who played straight to her father's comic antics.My Father Was Carmen Miranda offers glimpses of well-known British headliners like Max Miller, George Formby, Tommy Trinder, Vera Lynn, Flanagan and Allen, Dick Henderson, and Tessie O'Shea and is a vivid backstage look at the vanished world of the English music hall.
Publisher: BearManor Media