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CA2645716C - Adaptation of service oriented architecture - Google Patents
Adaptation of service oriented architecture Download PDF
CA2645716C CA2645716A CA2645716A CA2645716C CA 2645716 C CA2645716 C CA 2645716C CA 2645716 A CA2645716 A CA 2645716A CA 2645716 A CA2645716 A CA 2645716A CA 2645716 C CA2645716 C CA 2645716C
extended service
CA2645716A
Geoffrey Hayward
DATAGARDENS Inc
2008-11-20 Application filed by DATAGARDENS Inc filed Critical DATAGARDENS Inc
G06F9/00—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units
G06F9/06—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units using stored programs, i.e. using an internal store of processing equipment to receive or retain programs
G06F9/46—Multiprogramming arrangements
G06F9/50—Allocation of resources, e.g. of the central processing unit [CPU]
G06F9/5005—Allocation of resources, e.g. of the central processing unit [CPU] to service a request
G06F9/5027—Allocation of resources, e.g. of the central processing unit [CPU] to service a request the resource being a machine, e.g. CPUs, Servers, Terminals
G06F9/5055—Allocation of resources, e.g. of the central processing unit [CPU] to service a request the resource being a machine, e.g. CPUs, Servers, Terminals considering software capabilities, i.e. software resources associated or available to the machine
An architecture and method are provided for provisioning, configuring and deploying adaptive service oriented architectures through mounting provider systems on extended service containers and manipulating the instantiations of these containers so that the active instantiations can be optimized for the prevailing state within the service oriented architectures.
ADAPTATION OF SERVICE ORIENTED ARCHITECTURE
TECHNICAL FIELD:
[0001] The present disclosure is related to the fields of service oriented architectures, grid computing, web-services and utility computing, in particular, to methods for adaptive manipulation of a systems constructed from a common pool of virtual and physical resources with intent to optimize the delivery of a set of services to a fabric of consumers.
100021 Modern data centres offer many distinct information technology ("IT") services to many different groups of users with highly variable needs. If each service is deployed on a distinct set of IT resources, the average utilization of those resources tends to be low.
Here, a "resource"
might be any physical or logical entity that is used in the delivery of a service (e.g., CPU cycles, memory, storage, bandwidth, software licenses, data sets, etc.) An alternative is to deploy the requisite set of services on a shared fabric of resources. Indeed, several interrelated fields of computer science - service oriented architectures ("SOA"), grid computing, utility computing and web-services - all address strategies for more effectively delivering multiple services by sharing IT resources between them.
[0003] Common methods of providing an adaptive SOA can involve managing or "orchestrating" the allocation of a shared set of resources between different services. Yet, frequently, such methods of "resource orchestration" have serious practical shortcomings. For instance, significant delay may be necessary before a resource reallocated from one service to another can actually be used. It is often necessary to download, install, configure and activate new software applications, a different operating system and requisite data sets before a reallocated compute node can be used. In cases where business continuance is a priority, the resulting delay can have serious consequences. Another shortcoming of conventional resource orchestration is that it can seriously undermine the stability and optimization of clustered systems, which frequently exhibit complex and subtle resource dependencies.
Further, resource orchestration may present serious security challenges that would not otherwise arise. Resources subject to reallocation may transfer between different trust domains and the services to which they are assigned may have different access privileges (e.g., to protected data sets or network zones).
2 [0004] To better understand the challenges associated with conventional methods of resource orchestration, consider a specific example. Suppose that an e-mail service and clustered file system service are both deployed on a shared SOA fabric. Suppose that under normal circumstances the e-mail service deploys two physical hosts as e-mail servers:
one of which is active and the other is a hot stand-by. Meanwhile, the clustered file system is normally deployed on three active physical hosts. There are no other servers available in the SOA fabric.
[0005] Now suppose that one of the hosts for the clustered file system fails and the resource orchestration policy dictates that the stand-by e-mail server be reallocated to the clustered file system service. The reallocation triggers a complex sequence of events.
[0006] First, the stand-by server must be decommissioned as part of the e-mail service. This may provoke changes in the configuration of the e-mail server cluster, deactivation of a higher-level cluster failover service, changes in the configurations of network zones and perhaps several other changes as well. Next, the reassigned server must be commissioned, configured, and activated as part of the file system cluster. This may necessitate:
provisioning a new operating system, downloading and installing file system software, registering the server as part of the file system cluster, mounting new volumes associated with data and metadata for the file system, setting new policies for cluster fail-over, quorum, network partition management, and nomination of stand-by master servers for the cluster, reconfiguring host bus adapter multi-path and failover policies, and re-configuring network zones, port-bindings, LUN
masking settings, and routing tables.
[0007] Clearly, this complex sequence can leave the SOA vulnerable to a host of system-level challenges. Further, throughout the time that the host is being reassigned from one service to the other, the entire SOA is in even a more severely degraded mode of operation than resulted from the original failure condition. Specifically, during the de-commissioning and re-commissioning process, two servers are out of active duty rather than just one.
[0008] Often the costs associated with dynamic resource orchestration outweigh the benefits. In consequence, many organizations continue to offer information services on static "silos" of physically or logically isolated information technology ("IT") systems. Such static architectures cannot respond to the changing conditions of a modern data centre and, hence, are often sub-optimal.
3 [0009] It is, therefore, desirable to provide an architecture and methodology for manipulating pre-configured virtualized system containers in such a way that an SOA can adapt to changing environmental conditions without any need for reallocating resources across container boundaries.
[0010] PARAGRAPH INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK.
[0012] A method is provided for coordinating transitions between instantiations of two or more distinct extended service containers. The method may comprise establishing a persistent replication relationship between an active data image of a source virtual machine within a source extended service container and a corresponding veiled replica data image of the source virtual machine within a target extended service container, the veiled replica data image being veiled from a target server cluster associated with the target extended service container by suspending a guest operating system of the target server cluster or fencing the veiled replica data image, in which the active data image comprises disk images, an associated memory image, and a processor state; and updating the veiled replica data image with the active data image by periodic transmission and application of update data representing selected changes made in the active data image to and only to the corresponding veiled replica data image. The method further comprising a coordinated sequences of steps that emulates the effect of transferring the source virtual machine from the source extended service container to the target extended service container by: transferring and applying changes made to the active data image of the source virtual machine within the source extended service container to the corresponding suspended replica data image within the target extended service container; veiling an active instantiation of the source virtual machine within the source extended service container;
unveiling the corresponding veiled replica data image of the source virtual machine within the target extended service container to activate the veiled replica data image; and mounting the source virtual machine within the target extended service container.
4 [0013] PARAGRAPH INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS:
[0014] Embodiments of adaptation of service oriented architecture will now be described by way of example, with reference to the figures, in which:
[0015] Figure 1 is a block diagram depicting the relationship between instantiations of a consumer, a service, and a provider.
[0016] Figure 2 is a block diagram depicting the relationship between a consumer community, a service, and a provider system. Each can be identified with an equivalence class of constituent instantiations. The constituents are connected through service instantiation relationships at a lower level of abstraction.
[0017] Figure 3 is a block diagram depicting a service oriented architecture used throughout this disclosure. A set of one or more consumer communities receives services from a set of one or more provider systems. The set of all consumer communities that interact with provider systems through the SOA is defined as the "consumer fabric". Similarly, the set of all provider systems that provide service on the SOA is defined as the "provider fabric". The set of all services exchanged on the SOA is defined as the "service fabric".
[0018] Figure 4 is a block diagram depicting resource ensembles associated with two distinct provider systems. In this case, some virtual and physical resources from the two ensembles overlap. Different subsets of the two resource ensembles are actively engaged in different instantiations of the provider systems.
[0019] Figure 5 is a block diagram depicting a sample Extended Service Container ("ESC") for a given provider system. The ESC is the set of all instantiations of the provider system that can be active in the SOA. For our purposes, each distinct instantiation is characterized by having a different set of logical and/or physical resources engaged in providing the relevant service.
[0020] Figure 6 is a flowchart depicting a sample algorithm for identifying a preferred instantiation of a provider system given a certain characterization of the nominal state for the SOA.
[0021] Figure 7 is a flowchart depicting a sample algorithm for identifying preferred instantiations of provider systems given a characterization of a set of "stress states" for the SOA.
[0022] An architecture and method are provided for provisioning, configuring, and deploying adaptive SOAs through orchestrating "active instantiations" of "Extended Service Containers" in response to changing state for the SOA.
[0023] This disclosure is presented in the context of the dyadic structure often presupposed in service oriented architectures. This structure can involve logical entities called "services" where every service can be viewed as an exchange or set of exchanges between a service "provider"
and a service "consumer" which results in some utility to the consumer. The consumer and provider of any given service are understood to be logically distinct, non-overlapping entities.
Nonetheless, the consumer of one service can be a provider of some other service. In further embodiments, it can be the case that a consumer/provider pair with roles defined relative to one service has reversed roles with respect to some other service. Depending on the context, a service, a consumer and a provider can each be decomposed into smaller constituents. The granularity of what is considered to be a "service", "consumer" and/or "provider" is contextual and usually depends on an understanding of the atomicity of "utility" provided to the consumer.
[0024] The methodologies of this disclosure lie at the convergence of a number of fields of inquiry and technological development including: Service Oriented Architectures ("SOAs"), grid computing, utility computing, web-services, service virtualization and distributed computing.
Since several of these fields are still in their formative stages of development, it is not surprising that key terms related to this disclosure are used in different ways by various experts. For the purposes of this specification, the following terms have the definitions outlined below - many of which are based on the Open Grid Services Architecture Glossary of Terms Version 1.5:
[0025] Resource: A distinct entity that is accessed as part of process of providing a given service within an SOA fabric. The term often denotes logical or physical entities that are pooled (e.g.
hosts, software licenses, IP addresses) or that provide a given capacity (e.g.
disks, networks, memory, databases).
[0026] Service: A distinct and identifiable utility provided to a set of requesters through an SOA.
[0027] Provider System: A set of resources that is responsible for providing a given service within an SOA.
[0028] Resource configuration: The process of adjusting the presentation of a resource to meet the requirements of a specific service or set of services. For our purposes, a change in a resource that does not necessitate re-labelling with some new identifier or address will be interpreted as a reconfiguration of a single resource rather than the decommissioning of one resource and provisioning of another.
[0029] Resource allocation: The process of assigning a set of resources to a provider system for use in providing a service.
[0030] Active resource set: The set of resources actively engaged in the delivery of a service.
[0031] Provider System Instantiation: A unique manifestation of a provider system, which may have logical and/or physical attributes. For our purposes here, instantiations are differentiated from one another if they have different active resource sets.
[0032] Extended Service Container ("ESC"): A set of instantiations of a provider system within the SOA. We often identify an ESC with a subset of provider system instantiations specifically selected for consideration by administrators and/or users of the SOA.
[0033] Resource ensemble: The set of all resources (logical and/or physical) that are actively engaged in one or more instantiation of a given ESC.
[0034] Transition ensemble of an ESC: A set of changes, and in some cases, the set of all possible changes, between initial and final instantiations of the ESC.
Similarly, the transition ensemble for the SOA as a whole is a set of transitions, and in some cases, the set of all possible transitions, between initial and final instantiations of the SOA.
[0035] Broadly stated, a method is provided that involves adapting an SOA by changing the instantiations of its provider systems. Adaptations can be achieved by transitioning between pre-provisioned, pre-configured and pre-tested service instantiations known to meet certain service level objectives ("SLOs"). Transitions between service instantiations for provider systems can typically be effected merely by exposing or veiling resources already within the resource ensembles for the ES Cs. In one embodiment of this methodology, the resource ensembles for the provider systems can remain static: changes can occur only in the active resource sets engaged at any given time. In this fashion, adaptation of the SOA can be achieved without resources transferring across provider system boundaries. Further, adaptation of the SOA does not require resources to be provisioned (e.g., with software, operating systems, or data) or configured at the time of adaptation. In addition, the provider systems are not de-stabilized through the process of adaptation: both the initial and final instantiations of the provider systems are already tested and well understood. Equally important, the set of transitions between the initial and final instantiations of the SOA have also been tested and are known to be stable.
[0036] In another embodiment, one method can incorporate schemes for classifying actual conditions within an SOA into a discrete array of states: the "nominal state"
as well as one or more "stress states". Different instantiations of the provider systems can be monitored under test conditions characteristic of each SOA state. In one embodiment, the provider systems can be selected for each SOA state by monitoring service levels under the test conditions and comparing them to prescribed SLOs.
[0037] In another embodiment, a policy management module ("PMM") can be provided to maintain a registry with information about various embodiments of each SOA
state and expected service levels for these embodiments. In another embodiment, policies can be prescribed in the PMM to determine criteria by which the actual conditions of the SOA are classified into one of the prescribed SOA states. The PMM can also maintain and execute policies by which a transition from one instantiation to another can be initiated. These policies can be further tested relative to all possible transitions. After this testing is complete, the PMM
can be engaged on a production SOA.
[0038] In one embodiment, the PMM can effect change between instantiations of provider systems by exposing and/or veiling resources already within the relevant resource ensembles in a controlled fashion. This methodology can be designed to leverage the ability of SOA provider systems to respond elegantly to the disappearance and re-appearance of individual resources within their resource ensembles. In a representative embodiment, all resources can be registered in the resource ensemble with the relevant provider system registries. In this embodiment, the disappearance/re-appearance of any given resource can be interpreted as a resource failure/recovery and, hence, can trigger normal cluster fail-over/fail-back procedures. So long as the PMM can initiate the transitions between active resource sets in a controlled and pre-determined fashion, the SOA provider systems can execute automated and elegant transitions from one instantiation to another.
[0039] In further embodiments, to ensure optimal transitions across the entire SOA, the PMM
can coordinate simultaneous changes of instantiation across multiple provider systems within the SOA.
[0040] Figure 1 illustrates the fundamental dyadic relationship presupposed in a service-oriented model. In this model, a "service" is exchanged between two logically distinct entities: a "consumer" and a "provider". In some cases, a "service" can be understood abstractly as an equivalence class of exchanges between a set of "consumers" and a set of "providers". To avoid confusion, we refer to a "service instantiation", "consumer instantiation" and "provider instantiation" when the intent is to reference individuated exchange between specific logical entities. Figure 1 depicts a service instantiation 111 exchanged between a consumer instantiation 101 and a provider instantiation 121.
[0041] By contrast, Figure 2 depicts an abstract conception of a service.
Here, a set one or more consumer instantiations 201, 202, 203 of consumer community 231 exchange service instantiations 211, 212, 213, 214, 215 of service 241 with one or more provider instantiations 221, 222, 223, 224 of provider system 251. With respect to a certain level of abstraction, all service instantiations depicted in Figure 2 are understood as equivalent and can represent a single abstract "service". Here we define a "consumer community" to be a set of consumer instantiations which are understood as an equivalence class with respect to a given service.
Similarly, we define a "provider system" as the set of provider instantiations, which constitute an equivalence class with respect to a given service.
[0042] Figure 3 depicts one the model of a service oriented architecture used throughout this disclosure. A set of one or more consumer communities 301, 302, 303 of a consumer fabric 231 receives services 311, 312, 313, 314, 315 of a service fabric 302 from a set of one or more provider systems 321, 322, 323, 324 of a provider fabric 351. The consumer community for one service can "overlap" with the consumer community for another. The equivalence class of consumer instantiations with respect to one service can share some or all of its members with the equivalence class of consumer instantiations defined with respect to another service. Similarly, provider systems for different services can be constructed from overlapping sets of logical or physical resources.
[0043] In Figure 3, the set of all consumer communities that interact with provider systems through the SOA is defined as the "consumer fabric". Similarly, the set of all provider systems that provide service on the SOA is defined as the "provider fabric". The set of all services exchanged on the SOA is defined as the "service fabric".
[0044] Figure 4 depicts an embodiment having two provider systems, 4001 and 4002, which can leverage some shared resources. The resource ensembles for the two provider systems, 4011 and 4012 respectively, illustrate the maximal sets of resources that may be active in different instantiations of the provider systems. In this case, resources 403, 452, 473, 484, 492 and 496 are members of both resource ensembles. Depending on which instantiations of the provider systems are active at any given time, these resources may or may not be active in both provider systems simultaneously.
[0045] Figure 5 portrays an embodiment having a provider system 5700 and an associated Extended Service Container 5600. In this embodiment, the Extended Service Container includes a set of preferred and pre-configured instantiations of the provider system 5001 through 5500. In each instantiation, a different set of resources, 500-590, is actively engaged in providing the service. Resources that are not engaged in the instantiation can be veiled from clustered systems that compose the provider system. In certain embodiments, the set of instantiations included in the Estended Service Cluster can be determined by a methodology illustrated in Figures 6 and 7.
[0046] Figure 6 depicts a sample methodology for provisioning an instantiation of the provider fabric for a given SOA under conditions classified as 'nominal'.
[0047] In step 601, the administrator prescribes a nominal state, So, for the provider fabric. The prescription can include a specification of a set of services, consumer communities, workloads and workload variances, Extended Service Containers ("ESCs"), and service level objective (0o) that characterize the SOA under nominal conditions. Note that 00 can, in fact, be a higher-level aggregation of an array of SLOs associated with different ESCs.
[0048] In step 602, the nominal state and the nominal SLO can be registered with a policy management module (PMM). Within this module, discriminants can be defined and used to classify the actual conditions associated with the SOA into either the nominal state or one of a set of discrete and pre-defined "stress states". The PMM registry can also maintain information about the SLOs associated with each state. By comparing actual service levels to these SLOs, the PMM can determine whether to initiate a transition from one set of ESC
instantiations to another.
[0049] In step 603, the administrator can, either through an automated process or through a manual one, identify a set of candidate instantiations of the provider fabric, {/k} (where k = 1 to M). For each instantiation, service levels can be measured under the nominal state So. In step 604, the candidate instantiations can be registered with an instantiation management module (IMM), which can be used to provision, configure and activate them under the nominal state So.
[0050] In steps 605 through 608, each candidate instantiation can be evaluated under the nominal state for the SOA. In step 606, the IMM can provision, configure and activate a given candidate instantiation. In step 607, an SOA state initiator ("SSI") service initiates nominal state So. This can include, for example, triggering a set of workload agents to initiate a specific set of test workloads. In step 608, a set of service level probe ("SLP") agents monitor resource performance and report back to the IMM where the attained service levels for candidate instantiation can be recorded.
[0051] In step 609, an instantiation for the provider fabric can be identified and registered with the policy management module.
[0052] Figure 7 depicts a sample implementation of an algorithm for provisioning instantiations of the virtual provider systems for each stress state.
[0053] In step 701, the administrator can select a set of representative stress states for the provider fabric. These stress states can correspond, for instantiation, to a set of most commonly occurring scenarios under which the resources of the provider fabric can be placed under stress and, therefore, may not be able to meet the required SLOs. Stress states can be induced, for example, due to: variance in the workload initiated by one or more consumer community, variance in the correlation between workloads of different consumer communities, physical or virtual resources within the provider fabric either failing or transitioning into a degraded mode of operation.
[0054] The stress states, {Sj}, together with a corresponding set of service level objectives, fOil , can be registered with a policy management module ("PMM"). Note that the service level objective for a given stress state can be different from the nominal service level objective if, for instantiation, the administrator is willing to tolerate a degraded level of service during times that a particular stress state persists. Further, note that, as with the nominal state, the 'service level objective' for a given stress state can, in fact, refer to a complex set of service objectives associated with different virtual provider systems within the provider fabric.
[0055] Steps 703 through 710 embody a sample process for selecting preferred instantiations of.
the virtual provider systems (and, hence, the provider fabric) that can meet the service level objectives {0,} under stress states {Si}. In step 704, the administrator can, either through an automated process or through a manual one, identify a set of candidate instantiations {/jk} of the provider fabric (where k = 1 to M) for which service levels can be measured under stress state Si.
These candidate instantiations can be registered with an instantiation management module (IMM), which can be used to provision, configure, and activate them under the stress state S1.
[0056] In steps 706 through 709, each candidate instantiation can be evaluated under stress state S. In step 707, the IMM can provision, configure and activate a candidate instantiation. In step 708, a stress state initiator ("SSI") service can initiate stress state Si.
This can include, for example, triggering a set of workload agents to initiate a specific stress state workload and/or deactivating certain resources to emulate failure of physical or virtual resources. In step 709, a set of service level probe (SLP) agents can monitor resource performance and report back to the (IMM) where the attained service levels for candidate instantiation can be recorded.
[0057] In step 710, an instantiation (i.e., of the virtual provider systems and, hence, the entire provider fabric) can be selected by referencing the service levels registered for each instantiation within the IMM registry.
[0058] Steps 703 through 710 can be repeated for each stress state until a set of preferred instantiations, {4}, for stress states {Si} has been selected.
[0059] Example Embodiments:
[0060] Below we describe some example embodiments of the architecture and method described above.
[0061] Example 1: Virtual machine migration between distinct clusters [0062] In this example an IT administrator wishes to "migrate" a resource between two distinct clusters through the method of ESC adaptation described above. The "migration"
of the resource may be initiated manually (e.g., as part of a remote office provisioning process); initiated automatically (e.g., through a PMM in response to recognition that the multi-cluster SOA is in some stress state); or initiated semi-automatically according to some other set of circumstances.
In this example, the resource we choose to "migrate" between the distinct clusters is a virtual machine ("VM"), however, we could equally migrate software executables, logical volumes, data, file systems, databases or any other IT resource that can be leveraged by the source and target clusters. The source and target clusters may be in different sites (potentiallly separated by thousands of kilometers or more). They may be on different IP subnets within different trust domains (e.g., they may be isolated from each other by distinct firewalls).
[0063] In this example, we export a shared or replicated logical disk to both the source and target clusters and mount the VM image on this logical disk. Note that this shared or replicated logical disk may leverage any one of a number of block-level technologies including shared access to a single physical disk image through a storage area network ("SAN"), shared access to two or more fully active mirror copies through a clustered block system, access to active/passive block-level replicas accessible from both clusters with a forced transition of the active replica at the time of "migration", independent access from each cluster to distinct physical or logical (e.g., copy-on-write) replicas, or any other strategy that can ensure that both VMs and VMT map to a mutually consistent data image at the time of "migration".
[0064] In both the source and target clusters, we can pre-provision and register a virtual machine that corresponds to the consistent data image. For clarity, label the VM
registered in the source cluster "VMs" and label the VM registered on the target cluster "VMT". As we have noted, VMs and VMT share a consistent data image and correspond to the same logical VM at the time of "migration". Nevertheless, VMs and VMT are registered on two distinct clusters. Depending on whether there is an inter-cluster locking mechanism and federated registry of resources, the two cluster management systems may or may not be aware that VMs and VMT share a consistent data image. Correspondingly, the VM may or may not be registered as a logically distinct VM within each cluster.
[0065] For the sake of definiteness in this example, let us further presume that the source and target clusters are in no way subsumed under a federated global cluster. In this case, to prevent de-coherence, only one of VMs and VMT may be active at any given time. Prior to VM
"migration", VMT is deactivated or "veiled" on the target cluster. This "veiling" can be achieved through any of a number of different mechanisms. Depending on the nature of the cluster software and its methodology for managing isolation events, one veiling strategy may be preferred over others. Veiling might be achieved, for example, by fencing VMT
(e.g., by de-activating the relevant switch port or network interface card), suspending VMT
through the target cluster's management system or suspending the VMT guest operating system. Even though VMT
is not visible to the target cluster, it continues to be registered on the cluster and can re-join the cluster through an automated process once it is un-veiled.
[0066] To initiate the VM "migration" from VMs to VMT. we can: quiesse applications running on VMs, suspend, fence, or otherwise "veil" VMs, and flush the VMs active state and any data cached in the host through to the logical disk.
[0067] To some extent, the temporal sequencing of steps 2 and 3 depend on the "veiling"
strategy selected. Ultimately, the requirements are to ensure that the data image for VMs is in a current and suitably point-in-time consistent (e.g., at the level of the applications, file system, business processes, etc.) state when it is "veiled" from the source cluster.
[0068] Once the portion of host cache related to active state and data for VMs is flushed to the shared logical disk, we can then update and "un-veil" VMT within the target cluster. Depending on the block-level strategy used for maintaining the consistency of the common data image for VMs and VMT, it may be necessary to promote the target cluster's replica from a passive to active state, and/or re-export the disk image on the target cluster. We can then force a fresh scan of the data image on the shared/replicated logical disk by the target host or HBA.
Finally, we "un-veil"
the updated VMT within the target cluster.
[0069] By this method, we are able to logically "migrate" a VM resource between two distinct clusters that may have been mounted within different ESCs (e.g., on different subnets, in different geographic sites, and/or within different trust domains) without having to un-register and re-register the resource at the cluster level and without having to transfer it across ESC
boundaries. Rather, the method involves unveiling and veiling source and target resources that persist logically within their respective clusters both before and after the resource "migration".
In this particular example, there is a special requirement that the SOA
adaptation be achieved while maintaining consistency of the data image for the resource before and after "migration". In this example, this requirement was met by virtue of the fact that source and target ESCs had access to consistent instantiations of a data image. In other examples of dynamic adaptation of an SOA, no such need for consistency between elements within the resource ensembles for distinct ESCs exists.
[0070] Another example of the method described here relates to automatic disaster recovery and/or high-availability fail-over between resources within distinct ESCs by virtue of veiling and unveiling of point-in-time consistent resources within the source and target ESC resource ensembles in response to pre-tested stress states corresponding to different failure conditions.
[0071] Yet another example involves load balancing across distinct ESCs by virtue of veiling and unveiling resources within the resource ensembles of the ESCs. Depending on whether the resources involved in the load balancing require access to shared consistent data, there may or may not be consistency between data images within the respective resource ensembles.
[0072] Immaterial modifications may be made to the embodiments described here without departing from what is covered by the claims. In the claims, the word "comprising" is used in its inclusive sense and does not exclude other elements being present. The indefinite article "a"
before a claim feature does not exclude more than one of the feature being present. Each one of the individual features described here may be used in one or more embodiments and is not, by virtue only of being described here, to be construed as essential to all embodiments as defined by the claims.
1. A method of coordinating transitions between instantiations of a service on two or more distinct extended service containers, the method comprising:
establishing a persistent replication relationship between an active data image of a source virtual machine within a source extended service container and a corresponding veiled replica data image of the source virtual machine within a target extended service container, the veiled replica data image being veiled from a target server cluster associated with the target extended service container by suspending a guest operating system of the target server cluster or fencing the veiled replica data image, in which the active data image comprises disk images, an associated memory image, and a processor state; and updating the veiled replica data image with the active data image by periodic transmission and application of update data representing selected changes made in the active data image to and only to the corresponding veiled replica data image;
the method further comprising a coordinated sequences of steps that emulates the effect of transferring the source virtual machine from the source extended service container to the target extended service container by:
transferring and applying changes made to the active data image of the source virtual machine within the source extended service container to the corresponding suspended replica data image within the target extended service container;
veiling an active instantiation of the source virtual machine within the source extended service container;
2. The method of claim 1 further comprising, after an initial transfer has occurred from a source extended service container to a target extended service container, the steps of transferring and applying changes from a newly active data image in the active target extended service container to a corresponding veiled replica data image in the source extended service container.
3. The method of claim 1 or 2 further comprising unveiling the veiled replica data image within the target extended service container while continuing active service of the source virtual machine in the source extended service container to effect virtual machine cloning.
4. The method of any one of claims 1 - 3 in which only the active disk image in the source extended service container is synchronized with a remote disk image in the target extended service container.
5. The method of any one of claims 1 - 4 in which the persistent replication relationship is between disk images of virtualized software applications.
6. The method of any one of claims 1 - 5 in which the veiled replica data image comprises a disk image of virtualized software applications and their associated memory image, and processor state.
7. The method of any one of claims 1 - 6 in which veiling the replica data image of the source virtual machine within a target extended service container from the target cluster associated with the target extended service container comprises suspending the replica data image through a target cluster's management system.
8. The method of any one of claims 1 - 7 in which veiling the replica data image of the source virtual machine within a target extended service container from the target cluster associated with the target extended service container comprises fencing the veiled replica data image, which fencing is carried out by de-activating a switch port or network interface card.
CA2645716A 2007-11-21 2008-11-20 Adaptation of service oriented architecture Active CA2645716C (en)
CA2645716A Active CA2645716C (en) 2007-11-21 2008-11-20 Adaptation of service oriented architecture
US8583610B2 (en) * 2008-03-04 2013-11-12 International Business Machines Corporation Dynamically extending a plurality of manageability capabilities of it resources through the use of manageability aspects
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2015-01-15 FZDE Dead
2015-07-20 FZDC Correction of dead application (reinstatement)


text:
Mangeli (, also Romanized as Mangelī) is a village in Baghak Rural District, in the Central District of Tangestan County, Bushehr Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 35, in 8 families.

References

Populated places in Tangestan County

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Union League's Stone Railing Collapses After Man Rips Off Brass Railing
Philadelphia police are investigating the incident as the Union League works to restore the structure
By Vince Lattanzio	• Published October 24, 2016 • Updated on October 26, 2016 at 7:20 am
A man ripped a railing off the staircase outside Philadelphia's historic Union League overnight causing a portion of the stone steps to collapse.
The theft happened just after 3 a.m. Monday in front of the private club's main entrance along Broad Street at Sansom, club officials said.
Erica Martin, the Union League's communications director, said the man was spotted pulling the brass railing from the curved stairs on the building's right side.
The theft caused the large stone banister and several balusters to topple over.
It was not immediately how the man was able to rip off the railing.
Martin said the club contacted Philadelphia Police and turned over its surveillance video to assist in the investigation.
"The steps are severely damaged and roped off for the safety of our members, employees and the public," Martin said in a statement. "We will work to restore the staircase to its original condition as soon as possible."
The iconic, eight floor brownstone structure was built in 1865 as a home for the political society founded to support U.S. President Abraham Lincoln during the Civil War.
The building was designated a national historic landmark in 1979.
United StatesPRESIDENTPhiladelphia policeVince Lattanziocommunications director

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Our Lights
Lighthouse Artists and Writers
Pemaquid Point Lighthouse
by Mrs. Dana Lawry · November 6, 2017
Bristol, Maine
Site Established: 1827
Current Bldg. Erected: 1835
Height of Light Structure: 38 ft.
Focal Plane of Light: 79 ft.
Active: Yes
Lens: Fourth Order Fresnel
Historic Significance Score: 3
In 1826, the U.S. Congress appropriated $4,000 for the building of a lighthouse at Pemaquid Point, which was completed in 1827. It served as a dual beacon for both Muscongus and Johns bays.
After the new tower showed severe signs of deterioration, possibly due to the original builders using salt water in the mortar, a second tower, which is now still standing, was built in 1835.
The point has been the sight of several shipwrecks pre- and post-dating its lighthouse. The Angel Gabriel in 1935, the George F. Edmunds in 1903, and others all fell victim to the rocky, dangerous coastline.
One distinguishing point of this lighthouse is that it has a small, adjacent bell tower that has been powered by hand, steam engine and an automated, clock-like mechanism.
In 1972, a Fishermen's Museum opened in the light keeper's house. Currently, this museum segregates the keeper's house into one room dedicated to the lighthouse and three dedicated to the Fishermen's Museum.
The Fishermen's Museum features a 26-pound lobster mounted on the wall.
Majesty Score: 5
Pemaquid Point has awe-inspiring majesty! This is largely due to the elevated location and the sloping, layered granite rocks that the lighthouse stands guard on. The stubby width of the tower really lends to the lighthouse's overall character as well.
Water View Score: 5
Pemaquid Point has an awe-inspiring water view! There are layered rocks completely surrounding the white tower, which the ocean tirelessly crashes against (see above). Out of the many lighthouses we have visited, this lighthouse seems to have the hardest-hitting ocean against it, when considering all Atlantic coast lighthouses. The water view here is really something to take in and enjoy!
There were many people sitting on the lighthouse lawn enjoying the elevated view, so you don't have to be a rock climber to share in this experience!
On a clear day, you can see Monhegan Island off in the distance as well.
Preservation Score: 5
Pemaquid Point is pristinely preserved! All buildings on the property are well-kept, and repairs are ongoing. The town of Bristol and the Fishermen's Museum are doing a fine job with the property.
Surrounding Area Score: 4
The ride from US-1 to the point of the peninsula is very enjoyable and has some great scenery.
The lighthouse is quite a trek from US-1, about 11 miles as you travel down the peninsula, but is so worth the trip. It is an extremely nice neighborhood with a lot of vegetation and well-kept homes.
Fort William Henry is also close to the lighthouse and might be worth a stop.
Accessibility Score: 4
As mentioned, inside the keeper's house there is a four-room museum. Unfortunately, the light tower is not open for climbing.
In addition to the museum, the lighthouse grounds have an art gallery, and there is one of the best lighthouse gift shops associated with a lighthouse we have seen on the property right next door to the lighthouse. There is also a small restaurant attached to that gift shop that has great bay windows and lets you enjoy the view while you eat!
As a note of warning, the rocks below Pemaquid Point are open for climbing but really only meant for the agile. It is not an easy descent, but if you can make it down there you'll get the best photo op's available.
Also, there are advisories for waves that can come up suddenly and knock you off the rocks. When we were there we saw a few teen-agers get completely drenched. They were shocked!
The granite rocks are layered and almost take an a petrified wood appearance, it is very beautiful.
There is a $2.00 admission fee per person to the lighthouse grounds.
The one critique of this lighthouse is that the parking lot, never shown in pictures, comes within a few yards of the land side of the house, preventing a total sense of scenic area around the lighthouse and robbing you of a few great shots.
Beacon Score: 4
Pemaqid Point has a 4th order Fresnel lens that is active and flashes once every six seconds.
Overall Score and Overview: 30
Pemaquid Point is one of the greatest lighthouses in America! It is a place where you can spend three hours and it seems to go by in a flash!
The lighthouse really lends itself to beautiful picture-taking – although at the time you're taking them, the picture-frame view seems cramped because of everything you are trying to capture. However, when you develop your pictures later you'll be pleasantly surprised.
This lighthouse would be enjoyed more by active, agile people, but there is somethere here for everyone with the many buildings.
This lighthouse rivals Portland Head as the greatest Maine lighthouse, and rightly so! Make the trip – you will NEVER forget it!
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Cano Cristales Colombia
Cano Cristales is a Colombian river located in the Serrania de la Macarena province of Meta. The river is commonly called the "River of Five Colors" or the "Liquid Rainbow" and is probably the most beautiful river in the world due to its striking colors. The bed of river in the end of July through November is variously colored yellow, green, blue, black and especially red.
Soca River in Slovenia
Soca is a 138-kilometre long river that flows through western Slovenia (96 kilometres) and northeastern Italy (43 kilometres).
Due to its emerald-green water, the river is marketed as "The Emerald Beauty." It is said to be one of the rare rivers in the world that retain such a colour throughout their length
Yangtze River, China
The Yangtze River is the longest river in Asia and the third-longest in the world. The river is the longest in the world to flow entirely within one country. It drains one-fifth of the land area of the People's Republic of China and its river basin is home to one-third of the country's population. The Yangtze is the sixth-largest river by discharge volume in the world.
Acheron River, Epirus -Greece.
In ancient Greek mythology, Acheron was known as the "river of woe" and was one of the five rivers of the Greek underworld. In the Homeric poems the Acheron was described as a river of Hades, into which Cocytus and Phlegethon both flowed.
Acheron River is located 25km from Parga, in a beautiful surrounding with rich vegetation and crystalline waters which forms a unique natural landscape.
Danube River, Europe
The Danube is Europe's second-longest river, after the Volga River and also the longest river in the European Union region.
The Danube was once a long-standing frontier of the Roman Empire, and today flows through 10 countries, more than any other river in the world. Originating in Germany, the Danube flows southeast for 2,860 km passing through or touching the border of Austria, Slovakia, Hungary, Croatia, Serbia, Romania, Bulgaria, Moldova and Ukraine before emptying into the Black Sea.
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Return of The Last Jedi
By David Vandervliet April 14, 2017 August 29, 2017 Features, Humor, Movies, Trailers
Geeksville has been away for a while (more on that later)
But with the return of our favorite Jedi, I couldn't stay away, and had to share the teaser trailer, which was first screened at the Star Wars Celebration in Orlando, FL this weekend.
Star Wars fans were treated to the first look of Rey's training, with Luke Skywalker (hopefully she won't have to run a spartan race while giving her teacher a piggy back ride, like her master did.) As she learns about Force, and may becomes the titual final Jedi.
All off this happens as the Resistance faces an onslaught from Snoke's First Order forces, and it looks like Finn may be worse the wear from it, and Poe Dameron and BB-8 just manage a close escape. We also get a glimpse of what happened to drive the galaxy's last Jedi into seclusion.
The trailer showed very little of General Leia Organa, after the passing of actress Carrie Fisher this past December. Lucasfilm has put together a very touching tribute to her
Share with all your friends
Tagged BB-8, Carrie Fisher, Daisy Ridley, General Leia Organa, Luke Skywalker, Mark Hamil, Rey, Star Wars, The Last Jedi, Trailer.
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Speaker Karma Choephel (L) and Deputy Speaker Gyari Dolma (R) preside over the Tibetan "Special Meeting" in Dharamsala, India, on Nov. 22, 2008.
DHARAMSALA—When the Dalai Lama fled to India from Chinese-occupied Tibet in 1959, India's prime minister Nehru had to face the wreckage of his faith in Hindi Chini Bhai Bhai—Indian and Chinese brotherhood. Nehru granted sanctuary to the young Dalai Lama and took a personal interest in the education of Tibetan refugee children.
Many of the Tibetan delegates who gathered in Dharamsala's Tibetan Children's Village at the conclusion of last week's Special Meeting were educated upon this hillside above the golden expanse of the Kangra Valley. And it is the voice of the younger generation that is now transforming the dialogue about Tibet and the People's Republic of China.
For almost 50 years, the rituals of the Tibetan exile government have been observed with a quiet dignity. On Saturday, Nov. 22, the auditorium of the Tibetan Children's Village was filled with faces from across the Tibetan plateau as senior officers sat before a vast tapestry of Lhasa's Potala Palace and a golden throne bearing a photograph of the Dalai Lama.
Delegates and journalists alike were impressed by the strength of Tibetan nationalism and identity present at the Special Meeting.
Gyari Dolma, head of the People's Assembly, spoke to the press corps. Gyari is a Khampa princess and the sister of Lodi Gyari, the Dalai Lama's special envoy for talks with the Chinese. In the 1950s, their mother led a raid on a Chinese garrison in Kham.
Gyari said that the Tibetan exile government will offer China a final chance to make peace through the Middle Way approach. If there is no progress in two or three years, the policy will shift to a call for independence. For many younger delegates, this was a victory; for others, it was not enough.
"China will continue to use these tools to terrorize and oppress a helpless population in Tibet, so waiting and hoping for change from the Chinese Communist Party is unrealistic," he said.
Many younger Tibetans feel that the exile government is unwilling to acknowledge the failure of the Middle Way policy and that older officials often discourage critical thinking and analysis.
Maura Moynihan, a writer and musician, has been a consultant to the Rubin Museum of Art in New York City, America's largest Himalayan and Tibetan cultural institution. She worked for many years as a refugee consultant in India and Nepal and recently completed a master's degree in political science at the New School.


HONG KONG (Nikkei Markets) -- Asian shares outside of Japan fell Tuesday amid renewed investor concerns over the outlook for the global economy.
The Nikkei Asia300 Index declined 0.6% to 1,251.26. Hong Kong shares of PetroChina declined 3.3% to HK$4.96. The company forecast a jump of up to 132% in its 2018 net income at 52.8 billion yuan ($7.76 billion) after factoring in a non-recurring loss of 10 billion yuan. Analysts at Goldman Sachs wrote in a report that the forecast implied a profit fall of up to 51% in the fourth quarter. They decreased the price target for PetroChina's Hong Kong-listed shares by 1.7% to HK$5.75. Other Hong Kong-listed energy companies also declined. CNOOC slipped 1.4% and China Petroleum & Chemical (Sinopec) ended 1.1% lower.
Internet services major Tencent Holdings fell 1.2%. China's broadcasting regulator on Tuesday approved the release of a third batch of video games after imposing a ban last year amid growing concerns over gaming addiction among yongsters. A list released by the State Administration of Press, Publication, Radio, Film and Television did not include any titles from Tencent.
U.S. equity index futures signaled that Wall Street may open on a negative note after the extended weekend. The decline of 0.7% on S&P 500 Index futures came amid concerns over slowing global economic output.
On Monday, the International Monetary Fund cut the world growth forecast for the second time in three months. The organization cut its growth forecasts by 0.2% and 0.1% to 3.5% and 3.6% for the present year and for 2020, respectively, and warned that trade tensions may further hurt the economic outlook. The IMF cited the ongoing trade war between the U.S. and China and the possibility of the U.K. leaving the European Union without a deal among reasons for the downward revision.
ING Bank said that slowing China growth and the IMF growth outlook will make investors "turn defensive."
Samsung Electronics declined 1.4% on Tuesday amid losses on the Nasdaq Composite futures.
Sun Pharmaceutical Industries advanced 4.9%. The Indian drug maker said earlier Tuesday that it will make its unit the new distributor for its domestic formulations business in place of Aditya Medisales following allegations of financial irregularities and related party transactions.
Shares of Hyundai Mobis ended 0.2% higher. The South Korean automotive part manufacturer said on Tuesday its overseas orders were worth $1.7 billion in 2018 and it is targeting foreign orders of $2.1 billion in the current year.
Krung Thai Bank slipped 1%, in-line with losses on most other Indonesian banks. Late Monday, the lender said that December quarter net profit rose 28%, but interest income in the same period remained little changed.


text:
On World Refugee Day: Euro-Med launches 'refugee consultant' project
Geneva - In conjunction with World Refugee Day, which was marked last Thursday, the Euro-Mediterranean Human Rights Monitor launched a new project, refugee consultant, which aims to create direct and effective channels of communication with refugees in various areas.
A team of researchers and legal experts from the Euro-Med will immediately respond to the refugees' inquiries and continue providing a map of updates on the distribution
The Geneva-based organization said in a press release that the launch of the project is part of its responsibility to follow up on refugee issues, noting that it serves as a step to provide them with much-needed service and continuous support.
The head of the refugee profile at the Euro-Med, Khalid Erekat, said that the project aims to reach the largest number of refugees worldwide.
Erekat explained that an e-mail address and an interactive page on Facebook will be dedicated to communicate with refugees immediately, and to provide information and legal support to help them overcome the dilemmas they face in the countries of asylum.
According to Erekat, a team of researchers and legal experts from the Euro-Med will immediately respond to the refugees' inquiries and continue providing a map of updates on the distribution, numbers and conditions of the refugees. Periodic bulletins will be published explaining the most common problems facing refugees and how to overcome them.
Erekat called on refugees to communicate with the Euro-Med, stressing that the sharing information about the project contributes to reaching the largest number of refugees around the world, to ensure that they receive counseling that helps them in their lives in the countries in which they sought asylum.
The Euro-Mediterranean Human Rights Monitor stressed the need to continue developing and creating new mechanisms to ensure access to victims of violations in its work areas in the Middle East, North Africa and Europe, hoping that these efforts will provide actual support to the oppressed and victims and enable them to defend their rights under local and international law.
The following is the e-mail for contacting with refugees for the refugee consultant project:
E-mail: Refugee@euromedmonitor.org
Project website: http://bit.ly/2RoRsTH


text:
Anthurium ericae är en kallaväxtart som beskrevs av Friedrich Ludwig Diels. Anthurium ericae ingår i släktet Anthurium och familjen kallaväxter. Inga underarter finns listade.

Källor

Kallaväxter
ericae


This one day programme of 8 special lectures is designed for oncologists and medical practitioners who want to learn more about the research that underpins cancer treatment.
These sessions will also be useful for early-career researchers, for example those just beginning their PhD, who would benefit from a summary overview of the field of basic and translational cancer research.
The programme will cover key topics within basic and translational research, giving an overview including the latest breakthroughs. It will enable participants to get a feel for what is going on in the top cancer research laboratories.
Cancer Science for Oncologists, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 30/06/2018-30/06/2018 has been accredited by the European Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (EACCME®) with 6 European CME credits (ECMEC®s). Each medical specialist should claim only those hours of credit that he/she actually spent in the educational activity.
Attendance at 'Cancer Science for Oncologists' is free of charge for registered EACR25 participants, but you must pre-register using the registration system.
Sign up here to get a reminder closer to the time.
To register, follow the steps to register for the EACR25 Congress, and select "Cancer Science for Oncologists day" from the list of registration options.
Click on the button below to enter the EACR25 registration portal. You will need to register for the online system first; this takes just a few minutes.
Need help registering? Contact eacr25@covr.be.