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How to Solve and Rubik's Cube in Five Seconds
By: Geoff Smith, Posted on: December 11, 2015
CC BY-SA CC BY-SA
This week, 14-year-old Lucas Etter set a new world record for solving the classic Rubik's cube in Clarksville, Maryland, in the US, solving the scrambled cube in an astonishing 4.904 seconds.
The maximum number of face turns needed to solve the classic Rubik's cube, one that is segmented into squares laid out 3×3 on each face, is 20, and the maximum number of quarter turns is 26. It took 30 years to discover these numbers, which were finally proved by Tomas Rokicki and Morley Davidson using a mixture of mathematics and computer calculation. The puzzle does have 43,252,003,274,489,856,000 (43 times 1018, or 43 quintillion) possible configurations after all.
So how do the likes of Lucas Etter work out how to solve Rubik's cube so quickly? They could read instructions, but that rather spoils the fun. If you want to work out how to do it yourself, you need to develop cube-solving tools. In this sense, a tool is a short sequence of turns which results in only a few of the individual squares on the cube's faces changing position. When you have discovered and memorised enough tools, you can execute them one after the other in order as required to return the cube to its pristine, solved condition.
These tools require experimentation to discover. Here's how I did it myself: go on holiday with a Rubik's cube and a screwdriver. Do experiments to find tools. The trouble is that most experiments just scramble the cube horribly and you forget what you did so you cannot undo your moves.
Now you have a choice, either buy another Rubik's cube, or take out your trusty screwdriver. Turn one face through 45 degrees, and place the screwdriver under a central piece of the rotated face. Using the screwdriver as a lever to gently prise it out, it's then easy to take the cube apart completely and reassemble it in pristine form.
The final move of reassembly will be the reverse of the screwdriver trick: rotate one face 45 degrees and apply gentle pressure to put the final piece back in place.
It's a common problem. tangi_bertin, CC BY-SA
Sequences of moves of a cube form something that mathematicians call a group. If A is a sequence of moves, then let A-1 (that's "A inverse") be the same sequence of moves performed in reverse. So if you perform Aand then A-1, the cube will be in the same state as was it when you began. The same is true if you first perform A-1 followed by A.
Now suppose that B is another sequence of moves. Many tools have the form of what mathematicians call a commutator: do A, then B, then A-1and finally B-1. If A and B commute, so that performing A then B is the same as doing B then A, then the commutator does nothing. From a mathematical point of view, a commutator measures failure to commute, and is a key notion in group theory. When I had a Rubik's cube in one hand, and a screwdriver in the other, it was natural to look at how commutators behave.
Think of the overall structure of the different configurations of a Rubik's cube as a labyrinth, which has that many chambers, each of which contains a Rubik's cube in the state which corresponds to that chamber. From each chamber there are 12 doors leading to other chambers, each door corresponding to a quarter turn of one of the six faces of a cube. The type of turn needed to pass through each door is written above it, so you know which door is which. Your job is to navigate your way from a particular chamber to the one where the cube on the table is in perfect condition.
The tools that you have discovered are ways of getting nearer to the goal. So you don't need to plan your route in advance, you just execute the rotations of each tool so that you get steadily closer to and finally reach the winning chamber. The mathematical result in Rokicki and Davidson's paper shows that, no matter where you are in the labyrinth, it's possible to reach the winning chamber by passing through at most 26 doors – although the route you find using your tools is not likely to be that efficient.
How to put this to use to solve the cube in five seconds? Someone like young Lucas Etta who is interested in speed solutions will not only have memorised a large number of tools, they'll also have practised them until they can perform it very quickly. This is mostly a matter of dexterity and practice, but it's also important to have a high-quality cube that can be manipulated smoothly and with great precision.
Others, rather than going for speed, develop the skill of solving Rubik's cube while blindfolded or with the cube held behind their back. In the competitive version of this variation, the solver is given a limited amount of time to study the scrambled cube and plan their solution, before they have to carry out their solution from memory without looking at the cube again.
In terms of our metaphor of a labyrinth, this corresponds to all the Rubik's cubes in all the chambers being removed, except for the one on which you start. You can't take that cube with you, but you can study it carefully and plan your whole route to the winning chamber in advance. Quite a feat of memory, and not for those with just a passing interest in the cube.
This article first appeared on the Conversation. Click here for the original article.
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Svínafellsjökull #1, Iceland, Copyright Jim Nickelson. All Rights Reserved.
I'm honored to be included in the new Melt Down exhibition at the Center for Maine Contemporary Art (CMCA) in Rockland. The exhibition, curated by curator emeritus Bruce Brown, brings together ten Maine-based photographers who have photographed in the Arctic, Antarctic, or Iceland and that are concerned about climate change. The opening is this Saturday, March 23rd, from 5-7 pm, and the show extends through June 9th.
I have six large-scale photographs in the exhibition, all from my trip last year to Iceland. I absolutely love how they come out at 30″x30″ as exhibited — and I can't wait to see all of the other work in the show as well!
Hope to see you Saturday night!


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At our rehearsal tonight – Fields of Gold – a small tribute sung in memory of Shelley Gapp – one of our original 'Choirbolicals'.
A reminder this Tuesday 19th Feb is a rehearsal. Please bring your Fields of Gold sheet music as we will be singing this one again.
Thanks to everyone for a wonderful workshop today truly inspirational. We learn't how to make our voice go around our head with amazing results and thanks to CUA community hub for providing such a wonderful venue. Astrid and Matt for all your hard work and energy.
Don't forget our Workshop this Sunday – see details in previous post.


NORWOOD, MA, Oct. 29, 2018 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- MariMed Inc., a multi-state cannabis organization that develops, owns and manages cannabis facilities and branded products lines, announced today that it has finalized the acquisition of BSC Group, a highly respected cannabis firm headquartered in New Jersey that over the last three years has been engaged in competitive licensing, consulting and operations management across the country.
BSC founders and managing partners, Brian Staffa and Amber Staffa, will join the MariMed leadership team, bringing under the MariMed umbrella their extensive cannabis expertise, resources, intellectual property and a vast network of highly specialized affiliates spanning regulated fields of commercial cannabis, food and beverage, commercial agriculture, pharmaceuticals, regulatory compliance, consumer psychology, and the applied sciences.
Brian and Amber will help guide MariMed's strategy for new markets like New Jersey, where lawmakers inch closer to consensus on adult use legislation. New Jersey represents just one of the markets being eyed by MariMed as they aggressively pursue new opportunities across the U.S. and abroad with their added bandwidth.
Brian Staffa noted, "This partnership with MariMed represented the right opportunity to solidify our industry presence for the long haul, positioning ourselves as an integral element of an established team with long term viability. They share our belief that the only path to market maturation and true consumer satisfaction is via an unwavering commitment to data-driven and documented, scaled processes.
Brian Staffa will bolster MariMed's operations, coming on as VP of Cultivation & Manufacturing, leveraging nearly 10 years of commercial cannabis experience in over 150 facilities in 25 states and countries. Staffa's audits of facility operations often reveal opportunities for optimizing efficiency, translating to increased top and bottom line growth.
With a substantial background in education, curriculum development, branding and consumer buying habits, Amber Staffa will join MariMed as VP of Branding & Marketing, fueling the potential for product development and partnership opportunities that will project MariMed's voice and grow its branded product footprint.
BSC Group will become a wholly owned subsidiary of MariMed, and will continue to service its clients with an even larger arsenal of resources.


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A Single Spark
August 13, 2017 Marketing, Publishing, WritingAndra M.
I set a goal of writing every day with the help of "The Writers Devotional" by Amy Peters. First week in, and I skipped Thursday and Friday. I'm not off to a good start.
However, after reading Friday's focus on biography and Saturday's focus on what books to read, they tie together well enough to combine them into a single entry.
Why do you write? Is it to entertain with a great story, to improve a person's life with a self-help book, or perhaps encourage people to improve their life through fiction?
Another question (and if you don't write for others), what's the one book that changed you the most?
Friday's biography focused on George Orwell who wrote Animal Farm and 1984.
Aside, and a bit of useless trivia: George Orwell came up with the title 1984 not necessarily because he was prescient, but merely switched the year of when he wrote it in 1948.
His books serve as cautionary tales when governments run amok that still today have a wide readership. They are nearly timeless, and show that power will always corrupt no matter how we try to guard against it — and always will at the expense of entire populations.
Friday's focus on what book to read was "Silent Spring" by Rachel Carson. It was about the dangers of the insecticide DDT. Because of her book, the chemical was banned.
Neither author expected to see how large of an impact their words would have. Unfortunately for Orwell, he never saw how much of an impact. To quote Carson, "It would be unrealistic to believe that one book could bring about a complete change."
Yet that's what so many writers want, and need. Writing is daring to pour our heart and soul on the page. It is an act of bravery to let others read our writing, because doing so we risk people stomping our soul into slippery red goo when it's rejected.
My first novel I wrote out of discontent. Not like Orwell with his overarching fear of where society is headed, or the more immediate dangers of scientific or technological advancements like Carson. My frustration stemmed from science fiction leaving out — or being outright hostile to — the existence of God, and Christian fiction focused almost solely on romance with little to no fantasy and science fiction.
I'm still having problems finding an agent/publisher for that novel, because the Christian publishing market is still slow to accept science fiction of my variety, and most of the mainstream science fiction market doesn't want anything to do with religion. Because of that, I'm more focused on finding an agent for my mainstream science fiction novel.
I'm not out of options, though. I can still self-publish my first novel, but I'm not as yet willing to put in the work (and money) required for it to succeed. I'm lazy that way. Does that mean I don't believe in my story as much as Orwell or Carson? That's a good question that will require some serious thought.
More questions that need answering: How much do I want my words to impact my readers, and how important is that to me? What — if anything — am I willing to sacrifice to see it through?
"In a time of universal deceit—telling the truth is a revolutionary act." — George Orwell.
"Great storms announce themselves with a single breeze, and a single random spark can ignite the fires of rebellion." – Bishop from the movie Ladyhawke

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Outside body details
Outside body
South East Reserve Forces and Cadets Association
View contact details for our representatives on this organisation
South East Reserve Forces' and Cadets' Association (SE RFCA) is one of 13 RFCAs UK-wide, SERFCA is a Ministry of Defence (MOD) Crown body, responsible to the Defence Council, but separate from military chains-of-command. SE RFCA gives support to the Reserve Forces and Cadets from the Royal Navy, Army and Royal Air Force in the Counties of Berkshire, Buckinghamshire, Hampshire, the Isle of Wight, Kent, Oxfordshire, Surrey, East and West Sussex. The majority of the Association comprises volunteers, presided over by the Lord-Lieutenant of each County, ranging from high-ranking serving and retired military Officers, through local Councillors to enthusiastic locals, with no military experience, but with a will to support the Armed Forces and Cadets; so it can be seen that the Association has close links with the Community because it is part of that Community
Our representatives
Councillor Mimi Harker OBE


Sadly, after many fun months of running my IC-7200 at the unheard of power of a few watts, at 20% duty cycle, the radio finally has died the "Icom" death: No display backlight and no transmit. Receive has pretty much gone, too.
So I am sad to report that I will not be participating in WSPR activities for a while I am sure.
Needless to say, I have little charitable to say about Icom at the moment. If all goes well with repairs, I would be pleased to recant, but golly, it's been used at 100 watts perhaps for sixty seconds since it was new.
Oh well. I will miss being on wspr while I resolve my radio problem.
That does bring to mind a question: What qualifies as a "reliable" WSPR radio these days???


Construction of the Veduchi ski resort — the first major project in the mountainous part of Chechnya — has begun. The resort is expected to generate interest in Chechnya as a tourist destination.
The Veduchi resort will be built at the Itum-Kalinsky District of Chechnya in two years by Russian businessman Ruslan Baysarov. The resort will give jobs for 2,000 people.
The hotel complex will have 400 standard, suite and presidential rooms. Elevators will be built for visitors directly to the hotel. Most of them will be at the Donedukh Ridge. There will be 19 skiing routes totaling 46 km in length. The highest point of the complex will be at an altitude of 3500 meters. The resort complex will include 20 mountain chalets designed as Scandinavian village houses. The center will have a large SPA-complex. Baysarov said that they are negotiating SPA business with a well-known company. The resort will operate all year round.


After returning home, Han Sen showed Yan the tutorial of Holy Angel and asked her to memorize it.
With the holographic demonstration, it was not difficult to learn. Being intelligent, Yan memorized Holy Angel after watching just a few times.
On the next day, the geno solution compatible with Holy Angel was delivered to their home by the staff of Saint Hall. Han Sen asked Yan to drink it in accordance with the instructions.
Because practicing hyper geno arts could generate a burden on ones body and each hyper geno art had different effects, most hyper geno arts would have to be practiced along with the using of its correspondent geno solution.
An S-Class hyper geno art usually came with three bottles of geno solution, so it could be practiced by up to three persons.
If the matching geno solution was not used, Saint Hall would be exempt from any obligations and medical bills if there was an accident during the practice.
Before this, Han Sen did not know how advanced hyper geno arts worked, so he felt lucky that he had successfully practiced Jadeskin.
"Yan, this hyper geno art is the secret of our family. Do not let others know about it, OK?" Han Sen did not even tell Yan the name "Holy Angel."
Han Yan nodded seriously, "Yan will not tell anyone that I practiced a hyper geno art my brother gave me."
"Good girl. If you encounter some danger and someone asks you which hyper geno art you are practicing, tell him you do not know and its taught to you by your brother," Han Sen said.
"Yan understands," Han Yan said solemnly.
"Excellent." Han Sen patted Han Yan's head, feeling pity for his sister.
Children who grew up in poor families were better prepared to deal with problems. Han Sen had spent some care-free years when he was a child. When Han Yan was born, however, their family had been declining, so she had never lived a good life. For this, she was more mature than her peers.
Luo Sulan was in Second Gods Sanctuary these days and just returned home on the fourth day since Han Sen came back.
Han Sen also showed Luo Sulan Holy Angel, which shocked her. Although she didnt know too much about hyper geno arts, she could tell that this was no ordinary stuff as the tutorial was very carefully arranged.
"Sen, where did this hyper geno art come from?" asked Luo Sulan, worried.
"Mom, dont worry. I bought this," Han Sen said.
"How is possible that you have this kind of money?" she asked again.
"Mom, I am much stronger than before and have joined a military gang in Steel Armor Shelter. This hyper geno art is just a start. We will live better in the future"Han Sen explained how he joined Qin Xuan's Steel Armor Gang, reassuring his mother.
"Son, you have gone far." Luo Sulans eyes were wet from happiness. She had endured so many hardships to see this day.
"Mom, dont get emotional. Its a good thing." Han Sen had more than a million left in his account after paying for the S-level package for Yan. He gave it to his mother and said, "This is what I earned in Gods Sanctuary recently. Mom you can use it to pay for the daily expenses."
"You take it yourself. You need the money..." Luo Sulan refused to take it.
"Its fine. I am now with a military organization and my boss is generous. There will be more in the future." Hansen was trying to prepare Luo Sulan for more good news.
"Sen, keep in mind that you shall never be aggressive. Dont get involved in any trouble..." Luo Sulan said earnestly.
"Mom, I understand. You know your son. I have always been low-key," Han Sen quickly said.
"Good, good. As for the hyper geno art, youve got Yan started, right? Tell her never to show it off, in case people would be envious." Since father's accident, Han Sens mother had changed a lot and was constantly afraid that her children would be in danger.
"Mom, do not worry. I have told Yan and she promised me she would never tell."
"No, I have to personally tell her again." Luo Sulan got up and went to find Yan.
Watching Luo Sulan leaving, Han Sen felt very upset. If it were not for Dads accident, Luo Sulan wouldnt have become so cautious and live in panic all day along.
"What happened?" Han Sen regretted that he was so young and didnt understand anything. All he knew was that Dad had an accident.
He had asked Mom and Mr. Zhang, but they were both hesitant to say anything. Han Sen knew it was not just an accident.
In the stationmasters office at the teleport station, Yang Manli placed a capsule in front of Qin Xuan.
"Stationmaster, you are sure you want to use this?" Yang Manli looked at Qin Xuan who had picked up the capsule.
"I have to know why he is not willing to go to Blackhawk, and whether he wants to join my squad," Qin Xuan said.
"There are so many guys like him: cowardly, greedy and lecherous. There is no need to win him over. I think we should make every effort to get Dollar on our side instead, who can become the best archer possible," Yang Manli said.
Qin Xuan just smiled. "Dollar is of course amazing, but a man like him would not give us any chance to control him. Han Sen is still very talented, and I think he can do well. But the person I need must have a clean slate and be willing to join my squad, which takes me some effort to confirm."
Yang Manli wanted to say more but Qin Xuan stopped her, "Unless you can get Dollar to join our squad, Han Sen is my choice."
Yang Manli did not reply, but was secretly determined to find Dollar and persuade him.
Han Sen did not know what Qin Xuan saw in him that she wanted him to join her squad so bad. Before he entered the teleport station, he made sure that he wasnt in Qin Xuans sight.
Unfortunately, nothing could go unnoticed under her nose.
Looking at Qin Xuan standing in front of him with a faint smile on her face, Han Sen had to step forward.
"Its been a long time since we fought. Show me your progress." Noticing Qin Xuan did not mention other matters, Han Sen was secretly relieved.
Han Sen was now much better, but he did not dare to show her all he got. Even if he did, she would probably still beat him.
"Drink some water." Qin Xuan took off her helmet and fetched two bottles of water. She unscrewed a bottle for herself and handed another to Han Sen.
Han Sen had no suspicion and drank from the sealed bottle of water.
"Han Sen, do you think Im pretty?" Qin Xuan suddenly asked.
"Pretty... of course you are..." Han Sen was surprised and looked up at her, not understanding why she was asking this question. It was not her style.
"Do you think my lips are prettier or my eyes?" Qin Xuan asked again.
Han Sen felt dizzy. He could not help but look to the mouth of Qin Xuan, and gradually his sight moved up and fell on her bright eyes.


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Stephen Chow's blockbuster hit 'The Mermaid' screens exclusively at Megaworld Lifestyle Malls
The Mermaid is currently making waves as China's biggest blockbuster to date with box office sales surpassing the half billion dollar mark. It is the first movie to ever do so in mainland China and in Hong Kong, and has even outperformed Hollywood heavy weights like Star Wars: The Force Awakens, Furious 7, Avatar and Jurassic World.
On May 11, this monumental film is coming exclusively to Megaworld Lifestyle Malls which will screen the film in Mandarin with English subtitles across the cinemas of Newport Mall, Lucky Chinatown and Uptown Mall.
The Mermaid is a genre cross over with elements of drama, comedy, romance and fantasy with a heavy dose of special effects. In the film, newcomer actress Jelly Lin Yun plays a mermaid sent to seduce and assassinate a rich businessman played by Chinese star Deng Chao whose development project puts her habitat and her people at risk.
Directed and written by iconic Hong Kong star Stephen Chow, who also worked behind and in front of the camera for other blockbusters like Shaolin Soccer and Kung Fu Hustle, the Mermaid employs Chow's winning formula of mixing riotous comedy with heartwarming charm.
Apart from its mass appeal, The Mermaid also features a social commentary that highlights important issues facing the environment and Chinese politics that even Filipinos will find relatable.
Tickets to The Mermaid will be available at Megaworld Cinema ticketing booths and at www.blockbusterseats.com, which is Megaworld Lifestyle Malls newly launched online ticketing network. If your little children are interested in swimming like a mermaid, Fintasticmermaid.ca will save you a lot of searching on the internet, it's not as common as you might think.
Distributed by Columbia Pictures Philippines, "The Mermaid" opens May 11, 2016 exclusively at Megaworld Cinemas.
For more information, contact please contact the Megaworld Lifestyle Malls Concierge at 709-9888, 709-0888, 0917-8380111 or visit www.megaworldlifestylemalls.com.
Tags: Movie, Stephen Chow, The Mermaid
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'Mother's Day' gathers A-list cast for heartwarming tribute to moms


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Date: November 6th, 2019
A Journey Back in Time and Into the Future
By Greg Aragon Even though my recent road trip to California's Eastern Sierra was carefully planned out, I still couldn't resist stopping along the way to investigate other places of interest that caught my eye. Such was the case with Red Rock Canyon State Park and the Mojave Air and Space Port, both located off…
5 Illegal Votes from Former Arcadia Councilmember John Wuo's Home During Last Election Prompt City Apology to Resident
Originally published Nov. 6 at 11:53 a.m. / Updated Nov. 6 at 12:41 p.m. By Galen Patterson Arcadia city officials issued a formal apology to resident Roger Nemrava at the Nov. 5 City Council meeting. The apology was issued over a miscommunication of facts the city had received regarding voter fraud in the 2018 City…
Arcadia's Flourishing Artists Now on Display at The Gilb Museum
By Galen Patterson The Gilb Museum in Arcadia opened a new art exhibit to the public on Nov. 2. The exhibit features art from local artists that have studied under artist KT Boyce. This is Boyce's third class exhibit at the Gilb. Her students come from different skill levels, from the more familiar to the…
Arcadia Crime Blotters: Oct. 27 – Nov. 2
Oct. 27 Shortly before 3:58 a.m., an officer responded to the intersection of Colorado Boulevard and Monte Vista Road regarding a traffic collision between a vehicle and a tree. Upon contacting the driver, the officer detected a strong odor of alcohol emitting from her person. Through a series of tests, the officer determined the suspect…


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John Nelson Strickland
M, b. 5 May 1829, d. 11 April 1904
John Nelson Strickland was born on 5 May 1829 at White Hall, Greene Co., IL. He married Maria Louisa Stout on 11 September 1855. John Nelson Strickland died on 11 April 1904 at Greenfield, Greene Co., IL, at age 74. He was buried in April 1904 at Rose Hill Cemetery, Greenfield, Greene Co., IL, Findagrave #116758969.
Child of John Nelson Strickland and Maria Louisa Stout
Adda J. Strickland+ b. 15 Sep 1858, d. 13 Aug 1954
Mary Veatrice Strickland1
F, b. 28 March 1903, d. January 1973
Mary Veatrice Strickland was born on 28 March 1903 at Pickens Co. (probably), AL.1 She was the daughter of John M. Strickland and Laura (?)1 Mary Veatrice Strickland married John Andrew Sutton, son of William Andrew Sutton and Virginia Rosealene Windle, on 16 March 1926 at Pickens Co., AL. Mary Veatrice Strickland died in January 1973 at Carrollton, Pickens Co., AL, at age 69. She was buried in January 1973 at Carrollton, Pickens Co., AL.
Children of Mary Veatrice Strickland and John Andrew Sutton
Alice Berel Sutton2 b. c May 1927
John William Sutton2 b. 1 Dec 1928, d. 22 Oct 2011
Andrew Murphy Sutton3 b. 18 Apr 1930, d. 30 Aug 1950
Raiford Hugh Sutton3 b. 28 Oct 1932, d. 6 Jan 1948
Lucy Mae Sutton3 b. 17 May 1937, d. 2 Nov 1994
Hubert Sutton b. 23 Jul 1942, d. 17 Jan 2007
Melinda Sutton b. 17 Jun 1947, d. 17 Jun 1947
[S875] 1910 Federal Census, Pickens County, Alabama. Microfilm Image, Series T624, Roll 30; FHL #1374043.
[S2763] 1930 Federal Census, Pickens County, Alabama. Microfilm Image, NARA Series T626, Roll 46; FHL #2339781.
[S2765] 1940 Federal Census, Pickens County, Alabama. Microfilm Image, NARA Series T627, Roll 74.
Abraham Strickler
M, b. 10 January 1846, d. 24 March 1910
Abraham Strickler was born on 10 January 1846 at Guilford Twp., Franklin Co., PA.1 He was the son of Jacob Strickler and Anna Stouffer. Abraham Strickler married Mary B. Stoner, daughter of Samuel Stoner and Catherine Baer, on 27 December 1870. Abraham Strickler died on 24 March 1910 at Franklin Co., PA, at age 64.
[S185] 1870 Federal Census, Franklin County, Pennsylvania. Microfilm Image, NARA Series M593, Roll 1345; FHL #552844.
Abraham Strickler was born circa 1702 at Ibersheim bei Alzey, (now Rhein-Pfalz), Germany. He was the son of Hans Strickler and Anna Heistand. Abraham Strickler married Mary Ruffner in 1726 at Lancaster Co., PA. Abraham Strickler died in 1746 at Page Co., VA.
Children of Abraham Strickler and Mary Ruffner
Joseph Strickler+ b. 1730, d. 1795
Jacob Strickler+ b. c 1734, d. 1784
John Strickler+ b. c 1740, d. 1801
M, d. 1746
Abraham Strickler married Mary Ruffner. Abraham Strickler died in 1746.
Child of Abraham Strickler and Mary Ruffner
Mary Elizabeth Strickler+ b. c 1730
Abraham Strickler was born circa 1785 at Rockingham Co., VA. He was the son of John Strickler and Magdalena Kauffman.
Abraham H. Strickler
M, b. 23 January 1840, d. 30 January 1911
Abraham H. Strickler was born on 23 January 1840 at Clayhill, Antrim Twp., Franklin Co., PA. He was the son of Joseph Strickler and Mary Snively. Abraham H. Strickler died on 30 January 1911 at age 71.
Abram F. Strickler
M, b. 25 May 1821, d. 31 January 1851
Abram F. Strickler was born on 25 May 1821 at Franklin Co., PA. He was the son of Rev. Henry Strickler and Mary Price. Cause of death: in 1851 "Lung fever" (probably tuberculosis.) Abram F. Strickler died on 31 January 1851 at age 29.
Alaminta Frances Strickler1
F, b. 5 December 1870, d. 7 November 1952
Alaminta Frances Strickler was born on 5 December 1870 at Sullivan Co., TN.1 She married Peter H. King on 21 April 1890.1 Alaminta Frances Strickler died on 7 November 1952 at Detroit, Wayne Co., MI, at age 81.
Child of Alaminta Frances Strickler and Peter H. King
Mary Catherine King+1 b. 23 Jan 1894, d. May 1970
[S1694] 1910 Federal Census, Sullivan County, Tennessee. Microfilm Image, NARA Series T624, Roll 1522; FHL #1375535.
Albert D. Strickler
M, b. 19 February 1855, d. 16 October 1915
Albert D. Strickler was born on 19 February 1855 at Carroll Co., IL.1 He was the son of Joseph S. Strickler and Nancy Arnold. Albert D. Strickler married Minerva Joder, daughter of Benjamin J. Joder and Catharine Lint. Albert D. Strickler died on 16 October 1915 at Black Hawk Co., IA, at age 60. He was buried in October 1915 at Elmwood Cemetery, Waterloo, Black Hawk Co., IA, Findagrave #76490416.
Children of Albert D. Strickler and Minerva Joder
Mabel Viola Strickler b. 2 Sep 1888, d. 21 Jun 1929
William Charles Strickler+ b. 12 Oct 1892, d. 1946
[S621] 1860 Federal Census, Carroll County, Illinois. Microfilm Image, NARA Series M653, Roll 159; FHL #803159.
Alfred Strickler
M, b. 4 December 1829
Alfred Strickler was born on 4 December 1829 at Dunbar Twp., Fayette Co., PA. He was the son of Samuel Strickler and Isabel McCarnes.
Alice Orilla Strickler
F, b. 11 January 1861, d. 23 March 1936
Alice Orilla Strickler was born on 11 January 1861 at Mt. Carroll, Carroll Co., IL. She was the daughter of Joseph R. Strickler and Phidella Wilder. Alice Orilla Strickler married Linneus Elmer Miller, son of Jacob Miller and Margaret Ann Boyer, on 7 April 1881 at Grundy Co., IA. Alice Orilla Strickler died on 23 March 1936 at Ivester, Grundy Co., IA, at age 75.
Children of Alice Orilla Strickler and Linneus Elmer Miller
Ervin Elmer Miller+ b. 12 Sep 1882
Loretta Elmira Miller+ b. 7 Jun 1885, d. 12 Aug 952
Grace M. Miller b. 2 Sep 1887, d. 13 May 1940
Alva Lineus Miller+ b. 9 Jan 1890, d. 7 Nov 1983
Amanda J. Strickler
F, b. 1 December 1834
Amanda J. Strickler was born on 1 December 1834. She was the daughter of Jacob Strickler and Catharine Lowry.
Amanda V. Strickler1
F, b. 12 March 1848, d. 18 July 1905
Amanda V. Strickler was born on 12 March 1848 at Virginia.1 She married Isaac P. Martz circa 1870.1 Amanda V. Strickler died on 18 July 1905 at age 57. She was buried in July 1905 at Strickler Family Cemetery, Tenth Legion, Rockingham Co., VA, Findagrave #160950661.
Child of Amanda V. Strickler and Isaac P. Martz
Maggie D. Martz+1 b. Dec 1885, d. 1926
[S2389] 1900 Federal Census, Rockingham County, Virginia. Microfilm Image, NARA Series T623, Roll 1726; FHL #1241726.
Ambrose B. Strickler
Ambrose B. Strickler was born on 29 September 1871. He was the son of Bishop Henry B. Strickler and Fianna E. Hershey.
Amos S. Strickler
M, b. 3 October 1856, d. 4 March 1940
Amos S. Strickler was born on 3 October 1856 at Guilford Twp., Franklin Co., PA. He was the son of Jacob Strickler and Anna Stouffer. Amos S. Strickler married Ella Aleda Etter, daughter of Edward G. Etter and Anna A. Scheible, on 17 December 1885. Amos S. Strickler died on 4 March 1940 at age 83.
Children of Amos S. Strickler and Ella Aleda Etter
Mary Bowman Strickler
Jacob Etter Strickler+ b. 25 Jan 1887
Edward Greenwalt Strickler b. 27 Nov 1888
Frederick Stouffer Strickler+ b. 18 Mar 1890
Anna Amelia Strickler b. 16 Aug 1893
Andrew H. Strickler
M, b. 8 May 1850
Andrew H. Strickler was born on 8 May 1850. He was the son of Jacob Hollinger Strickler and Mary Royer.
Ann Catherine Strickler
F, b. 10 March 1848
Ann Catherine Strickler was born on 10 March 1848. She was the daughter of Jacob Hollinger Strickler and Mary Royer.
Anna Strickler
Anna Strickler was born. She was the daughter of Henry Strickler and Anna Beidler.
F, b. November 1643
Anna Strickler was born in November 1643 at Switzerland. She was christened on 16 November 1643 at Switzerland. She married Hans Heistand, son of Jung Hans Heistand and Verena Appli, on 6 August 1672 at Richterswil, Canton Zürich, Switzerland.
Children of Anna Strickler and Hans Heistand
Klianna Heistand
Barbara Heistand
Hans Jacob Heistand
Regula Heistand
Hans Heistand
Heinrich Heistand
Rudolff Heistand
F, b. 5 March 1799
Anna Strickler married David Beaver. Anna Strickler was born on 5 March 1799. She was the daughter of John Strickler and Barbara Brumback.
Anna Strickler was born circa 1767 at Frederick Co., VA. She was the daughter of John Strickler and Magdalena Kauffman.
Anna Amelia Strickler
F, b. 16 August 1893
Anna Amelia Strickler was born on 16 August 1893. She was the daughter of Amos S. Strickler and Ella Aleda Etter.
Anna Catherine Strickler
F, b. 1760, d. 1817
Anna Catherine Strickler was born in 1760. She was the daughter of Jacob Strickler and Barbara Kauffman. Anna Catherine Strickler married Johann Heinrich Brombach, son of Johannes Brombach and Anna Juliana Kemper, on 23 September 1779 at Virginia. Anna Catherine Strickler died in 1817 at Rockingham Co., VA.
Children of Anna Catherine Strickler and Johann Heinrich Brombach
Joseph Brumback b. 11 Feb 1780
Maria Brumbach+ b. 19 Dec 1782
Jacob Brumback b. 2 Jan 1785, d. 16 Mar 1860
Samuel Brumback b. 17 Dec 1786
Daniel Brumback+ b. Jan 1789
Matthew Brumback b. c 1790
Christian Brumback b. 1791
Tobias Brumback b. 1793
Anna Elizabeth Strickler1
F, b. October 1869
Anna Elizabeth Strickler was born in October 1869 at Shenandoah Co. (probably), VA.1 She married Luther Ashby Swartz, son of Joseph Swartz Jr. and Susan Ellen Beydler, circa 1888 at Shenandoah Co. (probably), VA.1
Children of Anna Elizabeth Strickler and Luther Ashby Swartz
Josie I. Swartz1 b. Oct 1891
Marion Swartz+1 b. 18 Aug 1898, d. 2 Apr 1981
[S291] 1900 Federal Census, Shenandoah County, Virginia. Microfilm Image, NARA Series T623, Film 1728; FHL #1241728.
Anna Frances Strickler
F, b. 1 July 1872, d. 3 June 1877
Anna Frances Strickler was born on 1 July 1872. She was the daughter of John S. Strickler and Helen Mary Heatherington. Anna Frances Strickler died on 3 June 1877 at age 4.
Anna Mae Strickler
Anna Mae Strickler was born on 11 September 1907.1 She was the daughter of John Stouffer Strickler and Amanda F. Stamey.
[S82] Price Genealogy, 724.
Anna Mary Strickler
F, b. 16 February 1870
Anna Mary Strickler was born on 16 February 1870.1 She was the daughter of Joseph Price Strickler and Mary Keefer Stouffer. Anna Mary Strickler married Frank S. Greene, son of George Greene and Katharine Shortt, on 13 November 1897.1
Children of Anna Mary Strickler and Frank S. Greene
Hazel Ramona Greene b. 5 Dec 1898
Joseph Strickler Greene b. 16 Feb 1901
Helen Greene b. 27 Feb 1911
Barbara Strickler
Barbara Strickler was born. She was the daughter of Heinrich Strickler and Susanna Stauffer.
Barbara Strickler was born in 1785. She was the daughter of Jacob Strickler and Catherine Forry.


text:
Q: How to run Spark-shell including sansa-stack library for loading rdf File I'm trying to run spark-shell including the sansa-stack library for loading rdf data.
I run the comand:
./spark-2.2.0-bin-hadoop2.7/bin/spark-shell --packages net.sansa-stack:sansa-rdf-parent_2.11:0.3.1-SNAPSHOT

the I get this log:
Ivy Default Cache set to: /home/xitan/.ivy2/cache
The jars for the packages stored in: /home/xitan/.ivy2/jars
:: loading settings :: url = jar:file:/home/xitan/Documenti/sparkin/spark-2.2.0-bin-hadoop2.7/jars/ivy-2.4.0.jar!/org/apache/ivy/core/settings/ivysettings.xml
net.sansa-stack#sansa-rdf-parent_2.11 added as a dependency
:: resolving dependencies :: org.apache.spark#spark-submit-parent;1.0
    confs: [default]
    found net.sansa-stack#sansa-rdf-parent_2.11;0.3.1-SNAPSHOT in local-m2-cache

after that I get the spark-shell, but when I try to import a function from sansa-stack it gives me an error
scala> import net.sansa_stack.rdf.spark.io.NtripleReader

it does not find the library:
<console>:23: error: object sansa_stack is not a member of package net
       import net.sansa_stack.rdf.spark.io.NtripleReader

help please!!

A: TL;DR Use sansa-rdf-spark_2.11 instead.
net.sansa-stack:sansa-rdf-parent_2.11:0.3.1-SNAPSHOT puts sansa-rdf-parent_2.11 on the CLASSPATH of the Spark application (in your case it's spark-shell). That sansa-rdf-parent_2.11 jar does not however include the requested net.sansa_stack.rdf.spark.io.NtripleReader class and seems it does not even define any class.
By scanning the packages in SANSA-RDF repository I found sansa-rdf-spark that by name of the module and the package of the class you wanted to load seemed the best bet.
$ jar -tf sansa-rdf-spark/target/sansa-rdf-spark_2.11-0.3.1-SNAPSHOT.jar | grep -i NtripleReader
net/sansa_stack/rdf/spark/io/NTripleReader$$anonfun$load$1.class
net/sansa_stack/rdf/spark/io/NTripleReader$$anonfun$load$2.class
net/sansa_stack/rdf/spark/io/NTripleReader.class
net/sansa_stack/rdf/spark/io/NTripleReader$$anonfun$2.class
net/sansa_stack/rdf/spark/io/NTripleReader$$anonfun$load$2$$anonfun$apply$1.class
net/sansa_stack/rdf/spark/io/NTripleReader$$anonfun$1.class
net/sansa_stack/rdf/spark/io/NTripleReader$.class

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Back to Budget Home
Lanes, Trains and Automobiles: A Closer Look at General Fund Investments in Transportation
In the last two budget cycles, Utah policymakers have invested more than $2.1 billion from the General Fund in transit, rail, road and trail projects. This is in addition to the more than $800 million in sales taxes and $725 million in gas taxes and registration fees going directly to transportation annually. While they initially authorized debt for some of this $2.1 billion, appropriators ultimately replaced the borrowing with cash. Their investments leverage windfall state tax revenue generated by temporary federal government economic stimulus. The table below details their investments by bill number and use.
During the 2021 General Session, legislators passed H.B. 244, "First Class County Highway Road Funds Amendments," authorizing the issuance of $50 million in general obligation (GO) Bonds. The bonds would be repaid by dedicated sales tax generated in Salt Lake County. As shown in the table, H.B. 244 included $30 million in borrowing to be re-lent to local governments through the State Infrastructure Bank. It also included $20 million in financing for these local projects:
—$12 million for construction and improvements to 14600 South in Bluffdale; and
—$8 million for a parking structure in South Jordan.
The Legislature also passed House Bill 433, "Amendments Related to Infrastructure Funding," during the 2021 General Session. H.B. 433 appropriated $834.6 million from the General Fund for road and transit projects. It also authorized $264.0 million in bond issuance for certain rail and transit infrastructure. The H.B. 433 column in the table details many of these transactions. The $28 million provided for local roads by H.B. 433 goes for:
—$5 million for Payson Main Street repair and replacement;
—$8 million for a rail bypass on 14600 South in Bluffdale;
—$5 million for improvements to 4700 South in Taylorsville; and
—$10 million for U.S. 40 Frontage Road improvements near Mayflower.
Prior to the 2021 First Special Session, policymakers learned that certain debt financed projects were shovel-ready while cash funded projects were not. To avoid paying interest on the debt financed projects, lawmakers passed House Bill 1008, "Bond Authorization Amendments." H.B. 1008 changed which projects would receive cash – or General Fund appropriations – and which projects would incur debt. The legislation did not change the total allocation for each project from the amounts included in H.B. 433.
Having collected higher than forecast tax revenue at the beginning of the 2022 General Session, legislators decided to fully replace bonding authority with General Fund. In Senate Bill 6, "Infrastructure and General Government Base Budget," appropriators provided cash for projects that had been debt-financed in earlier bills (see table). While policymakers approved sufficient cash for all these projects, they did not rescind the debt authorization from statute and should consider doing so in the 2023 General Session.
Toward the end of the 2022 General Session legislators added $1 billion in cash funding for new transportation projects in House Bill 3, "Appropriations Adjustments." As shown in the table, these appropriations included $75 million each for FrontRunner and Point of the Mountain transit, $30 million for non-motorized trails, and $35 million to the Mountainlands Association of Governments to repay locals for past road investments. For the most part, remaining funding in H.B. 3 accelerates projects ranked by the Transportation Commission, but the bill directs spending from the Transportation Investment Fund to the following state and local projects:
—$10.0 million for the extension of 9000 S in Salt Lake County at the Mountain View Corridor;
—$5.0 million for an environmental analysis for an interchange at US-6 and Spanish Fork Center Street; and
—$5.0 million for an environmental analysis and preliminary engineering for an interchange on I-84 in Mountain Green.
In addition to the General Fund appropriations for transportation described above, appropriators provided $16.2 million for non-motorized trails from the new Outdoor Adventure Infrastructure Restricted Account created in House Bill 409, "Recreation Infrastructure Amendments" (Item 3).
1. Rather than bonding for this amount, UDoT plans to use cash-flow from the County of the First Class State Highway Fund.
2. "Amendments Related to Infrastructure Funding" (House Bill 433, 2021 General Session), https://le.utah.gov/~2021/bills/static/HB0433.html, Item 1.
4. "Bond Authorization Amendments" (House Bill 1008, 2021 First Special Session), https://le.utah.gov/~2021S1/bills/static/HB1008.html, Section 2 intent language.
5. "Infrastructure and General Government Base Budget" (Senate Bill 6, 2022 General Session), https://le.utah.gov/~2022/bills/static/SB0006.html, Item 41.
8. "Appropriations Adjustments" (House Bill 3, 2022 General Session), https://le.utah.gov/~2022/bills/static/HB0003.html, Item 370.
10. "Appropriations Adjustments" (House Bill 3, 2022 General Session), https://le.utah.gov/~2022/bills/static/HB0003.html, Item 162.
https://house.utah.gov


text:
First Republic Bank Raises Minimum Wage To $25 Per Hour
First Republic Bank, October 22, 2018
New Rate Applies To All Hourly Employees Across The Bank's Markets
First Republic Bank (NYSE:FRC), a leading private bank and wealth management company, today announced that it has raised its minimum wage to $25 per hour.
Effective October 14, 2018, this represents a 25 percent increase in the bank's existing minimum wage, which was $20 per hour since January 2016. California's minimum wage is $11 for organizations with 26 or more employees, and the national minimum wage set by the federal government is $7.25 per hour.
First Republic is one of the first companies in the U.S. to establish a $25 per hour minimum wage.
"First Republic's objective is to build a best-in-class team committed to exceptional client service," said Jim Herbert, CEO of First Republic Bank. "Paying one of the highest minimum wages in all of our markets and providing a full range of benefits is the right thing to do for our employees. It also gives First Republic a competitive advantage in attracting and retaining top talent."
In addition to highly competitive compensation, First Republic also offers comprehensive medical, dental, 401k and other employee benefits, including the following:
Education repayment and financing benefits through its Gradifi subsidiary, including student loan repayment and 529 college savings contributions.
Fully paid parental and child bonding leave for employees, along with family and new parent support services.
A wellness stipend for employees to promote good health.
An employee stock purchase program, along with mortgage and student loan refinance discounts.
Two paid days per year to volunteer with nonprofit organizations, as part of the Bank's community engagement efforts.
An extra paid day off to celebrate a birthday.
Expansive professional growth and development programs, with robust internal training and continuing education opportunities.
About First Republic Bank
Founded in 1985, First Republic and its subsidiaries offer private banking, private business banking and private wealth management, including investment, trust and brokerage services. First Republic specializes in delivering exceptional, relationship-based service, with a solid commitment to responsiveness and action. Services are offered through preferred banking or wealth management offices primarily in San Francisco, Palo Alto, Los Angeles, Santa Barbara, Newport Beach and San Diego, California; Portland, Oregon; Boston, Massachusetts; Palm Beach, Florida; Greenwich, Connecticut; New York, New York; and later in 2018, Jackson, Wyoming. First Republic offers a complete line of banking products for individuals and businesses, including deposit services, as well as residential, commercial and personal loans. For more information, visit firstrepublic.com.
First Republic Media Contact
Greg Berardi
Blue Marlin Partners
greg@bluemarlinpartners.com


Liverpool have agreed a £6million deal to sell midfielder Luis Alberto to Lazio.
Press Association Sport understands the Serie A side will pay £4.3million up front with a further £1.7million in add-ons dependent on European qualification. Liverpool have also included a 30 per cent sell-on clause in the deal.
Alberto, a signing by former manager Brendan Rodgers, failed to establish himself at Anfield after arriving for £6.8million three years ago and made just 12 appearances in his maiden season.
The 23-year-old Spaniard spent the last two campaigns on loan at Malaga and Deportivo La Coruna.


Day for Kids is a national day of celebration that invites adults to join Boys & Girls Clubs all over the world in making a difference for kids in their community. For more than a decade, adults and kids alike have participated in Day for Kids events as a way to advocate for youth. Day for Kids is a celebration of the life-changing work taking place at Boys & Girls Clubs across thenation, and a reminder that one day can change a child's future.
Make a difference for the kids in your community! Boys & Girls Clubs of the East Valley invites you to visit our clubs. Below is a list of our branches and planned activities.
Highlight: Bounce House, Bingo, Raffles, Just Dance, Cakewalk, Minecraft Tournament, Super Smash Bros Tournament, maybe Justice League & Avengers Cosplay Group, and Basketball Camp.
Hightlight: Bike & Board Rodeo -- We will be focused on encouraging bicycle and Skateboard culture in the community. Club members can bring their wheels to the event. We will have a repair shop set up. We will seek out donated bikes & boards to raffle off. We will host races, obstacle courses, and trick contests. Food, fun and healthy lifestyles are our desired outcome.


packing his children in the car.
It's the system, they tell him.
Miss a meeting, you get sanctioned.
watches ice grow on puddles.
By morning, he is become invisible.
lovers to meet, jokes to share.
to hell – now it's personal.
This entry was posted in Poetry and tagged Marilyn Timms. Bookmark the permalink.


One of the things I hear most frequently from new birthparents is, "If ONLY I had known." People in a crisis pregnancy are especially prone to denial, and as a result it's very hard to accurately imagine what adoption will be like. In an effort to try to educate the women who are currently considering adoption, I wrote an essay listing the things I wish I'd known back when I was in that situation (and was stuck in major denial myself).
The quick summary is this: Adoption might well be the best option for you and your child, but in order for you to have peace, it needs to be a well-considered decision, made at least twice (once before the birth, and again after the birth). Before you make any commitments, you need to hear all sides...the negative as well as the positive. Most adoption agencies, lawyers, and facilitators will never tell you the downsides, or they will minimize them to the point that you don't have the information to make an informed decision. That's why I wrote this brochure.
To read it, click below. It's in PDF format, meaning you can view it, save it, print it out, and distribute it as you like. All you need is the free Adobe Acrobat Reader, version 5.0. To get that, visit Adobe's site.
Please visit the guestbook at the bottom of this page if you are a birthparent wanting to add your own advice to this site.


text:
El estado de Bayelsa es uno de los treinta y seis estados pertenecientes a la República Federal de Nigeria.

Localidades con población en marzo de 2016

Territorio y población

Este estado es poseedor de una extensión de territorio que abarca una superficie compuesta por unos 10.773 kilómetros cuadrados. La población se eleva a la cifra de 2.097.241 personas (datos del censo del año 2007). La densidad poblacional es de 194,7 habitantes por cada kilómetro cuadrado de esta división administrativa.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Estado de Bayelsa
Estados y territorios fundados en 1996

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
package com.designpatterns;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public class Directory extends FileComponent {

	List<FileComponent> children = new ArrayList<FileComponent>();

	public Directory(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}

	@Override
	public void add(FileComponent fileComponent) {
		children.add(fileComponent);
	}

	@Override
	public void remove(FileComponent fileComponent) {
		children.remove(fileComponent);
	}

	@Override
	public void someTaskToPerform() {
		System.out.println("Contents of directory: " + this.toString());
		for (FileComponent fileComponent : children) {
			System.out.println(fileComponent);
		}
	}

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Remembering the Lovings this Valentine's Day
On this upcoming Valentine's Day, I think of the many same-sex couples in America for whom marriage equality is not available. The challenge is real. But so it the hope.
The precedent for same-sex marriage was set by an African American woman named Mildred Loving (1942- 2008 ) who I am honoring as one of my sheroes for Black History Month.
Mildred and her white spouse violated the nation's anti-miscegenation edit.
The trial judge stated the following to the guilty couple:
"Almighty God created the races white, black, yellow, Malay and red, and He placed them on separate continents. And but for the interference with His arrangement there would be no cause for such marriages. The fact that He separated the races shows that He did not intend for the races to mix."
The trial judge suspended their sentences on the condition the Lovings leave Virginia and not return to the state together for twenty-five years. The Lovings initially agreed and left, but soon after returned, and decided to fight their case.
On June 12, 1967, Chief Justice Earl Warren wrote for the court stating the following:
"Marriage is one of the 'basic civil rights of man,' fundamental to our very existence and survival. … Under our Constitution, the freedom to marry, or not marry, a person of another race resides with the individual and cannot be infringed by the state."
On June 12, 2007, Freedom to Marry joined with several of the nation's leading civil rights organizations to hold a press conference at the National Press Club in Washington, D.C. to commemorate the 40th anniversary of Loving v. Virginia decision for affirming the freedom to marry as a "basic civil right" of every American.
Lending her support to the commemoration, Mrs. Mildred Loving wrote, "When my late husband, Richard, and I got married in Washington, DC in 1958, it wasn't to make a political statement or start a fight. We were in love, and we wanted to be married. Not a day goes by that I don't think of Richard and our love, and how much it meant to me to have that freedom to marry the person precious to me, even if others thought he was the "wrong kind of person" for me to marry. I believe all Americans, no matter their race, no matter their sex, no matter their sexual orientation, should have that same freedom to marry. I am proud that Richard's and my name are on a court case that can help reinforce the love, the commitment, the fairness, and the family that so many people, black or white, young or old, gay or straight, seek in life. I support the freedom to marry for all. That's what Loving, and loving, are all about."
In quelling the tension between black civil right activists of the 1960 who stated that marriage equality for LGBTQ Americans is not a civil right, one of the organizations that spearheaded the Loving case, the NAACP Legal Defense & Educational Fund, Inc., marked the 40th anniversary of Loving by stating the following: "It is undeniable that the experience of African Americans differs in many important ways from that of gay men and lesbians; among other things, the legacy of slavery and segregation is profound. But differences in historical experiences should not preclude the application of constitutional provisions to gay men and lesbians who are denied the fight to marry the person of their choice."
And on April of 2006, NAACP LDF filed a friend-of-the-court brief in the case brought by New York same-sex couples challenging their exclusion from marriage.
A resolution authored by Congresswoman Tammy Baldwin passed the House of Representatives on June 11, 2007, by unanimous consent commemorating the fortieth anniversary of Loving v. Virginia decision that ended the ban on interracial marriage in the United States and recognizing that marriage is one of the "basic civil rights of man" at the heart of the Fourteenth Amendment protections.
Since the beheading of St. Valentine in Rome in the year 270 A.D., marriage has been controlled by church heads and heads of states and not by the hearts of lovers. When Emperor Claudius II issued an edict abolishing marriage because married men hated to leave their families for battle, Valentine, known then as the "friend to lovers," secretly joined them in holy matrimony. While awaiting his execution, Valentine fell in love with the jailer's daughter and in his farewell message to his lover, he penned "From your Valentine!"
May the "Loving -spirit" of Mildred and the justice acts of St. Valentine be with us on this day.


text:
UT Advances Understanding of Atomically Thin Crystal Growth
View all the posts from November 18, 2014
UT's College of Engineering has made recent headlines for discoveries that, while atomically small, could impact our modern world.
The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, the official scientific journal of the organization, recently published an interdisciplinary study led by Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science associate professor Gong Gu.
Gu's team—which included professor Gerd Duscher from the Department of Materials Science and Engineering and students from both engineering and the Department of Physics—focused on the role of epilayer-substrate interactions in determining orientational relations in van der Waals epitaxy.
In rudimentary terms, the study looked at growing an atomically thin, or two-dimensional, crystal—the epilayer—on top of a substrate. The substrate can be a bulk, or three-dimensional, crystal or another two-dimensional crystal.
"Conventional epitaxy is like stacking Lego blocks," said Gu. "The studs and cylinders are rigid and therefore must be matched very well. The covalent bonding between a three-dimensional epilayer and a 3D substrate is just like that."
"Now imagine Lego pieces with flexible studs and cylinders, which do not have to interlock exactly but just weakly interact and you have an idea of what van der Waals epitaxy is."
It was with those van der Waals "blocks" that Gu's team made its surprising discovery: The weakly interacting pairs tend to orientationally align to each other, in some ways better than the more strongly bonded pairs.
The team conducted its research with 2D crystals of graphene and hexagonal boron nitride, as graphene interacts more strongly with the substrate but does not always align with it, while hexagonal boron nitride strictly aligns.
The edges of the 2D crystals "steer" their growth at the very beginning. The stronger edge-substrate interaction distorts the atoms' positions in the substrate, leaving the 2D crystal no good template to align to.
"That was somewhat surprising," said Gu. "The supposition that most people had going into this was that the materials with the strongest bonds would have the most predictable, most orderly growth, but that was proven to not always be the case."
In fact, this knowledge led to another recent advance in 2D crystal growth, where graphene and boron nitride are joined in-plane, with the zipperlike locking between the two overriding the soft studs. That advance, in turn, spawned yet another discovery—the observation of "boundary states" at the boundary.
UT postdoctoral researcher Lei Liu was also a major contributor to the series. The team behind this work also included members from Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Sandia National Laboratories in California, the University of Science and Technology of China in Hefei, and two institutions in Beijing: Peking University and the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Gerd Duscher
Gong Gu
Kurt Sickafus
Leon Tolbert


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CythereaGoldBEDtymCOUPLEDorisBlondBBWjonasmuscle .Guy3363Guy3363IssabellaArtoisCherryWonders .divakittyxsDorisBlondBBWJessLyndseanawoolfxx .Lenna33MikaThaiYukomuscletboy10 .STEVENACOOKMaraHalljonasmuscleAllyThong .LitleSweetKnightxAbellaxAlisacandysanawoolfxx .MileyWolfCheerfulslutyxAbellaxCherryWonders .maidtwococks121AgoshasiyaYukoemilyprettylatin .SweetAngelline11KateFlowerSweetGiirlXladycassy69 .xScrewMeLOVExjonasmusclemuscletboy10XavierAndCher .DreamTrannyxAbellaxa0UniqueUsherAndyHardy .


MEGHAN Markle has always been excellent at public speaking.
Meghan Markle, the Duchess of Sussex, can be seen in a never-before-seen video of her middle school graduation giving a speech about social change.
The Duchess, who has released a cookbook to raise money for those affected by the Grenfell fire, was just 14 when she gave the impassioned speech on behalf of her fellow students.
In the clip obtained by The Sun, Prince Harry's now-wife gives a toothy grin at the camera before taking to the podium to discuss what she and her classmates learnt during their time at the school.
She begins the speech: "Today we are here to celebrate our graduation, and to share our appreciation for our brief time at Immaculate Heart Middle School.
"Two years ago we came here as young girls — a bit frightened and overwhelmed and filled with wonder and anticipation about our new school and what our future would bring.
"Today we are proud and more confident young women on our way to high school."
Meghan also tells of how the school taught them to have compassion for those suffering from AIDS, a cause which was close to Princess Diana's heart.
The young teen also confidently speaks about having a responsibility for the environment.
Meghan also spoke about helping children in inner schools, adding: "We also learned to be organised and responsible individuals, with an awareness of our moral responsibility to our school and our community, which we demonstrated when we adopted first and second graders from Immaculate Conception, an inner city school."
She went on to reveal how she and her fellow students have "grown in so many ways" over the last two years and how "faith, hope and respect for God" developed spirituality in their lives.
Meghan finishes her speech by thanking the staff and parents at the school, saying: "No matter what field we choose, we will always carry the spirit of Immaculate Heart with us.
"And always and forever as women of great heart, dedicate ourselves to making it a better world."


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WHO needs $100 billion to provide vaccine for all, but raised only 10 percent
The World Health Organization is in urgent need of at least $100 billion for accelerating its programme of development. Funds are also needed to manufacture a Coronavirus vaccine and to make sure the vaccine is available to everyone. However, the organization suggested it hasn't raised not even ten percent of the desired target amount.
In April, the WHO launched Acess to Covid-19 Tool (ACT) programme in order to accelerate development, production, provide tests access to people, and vaccines for the virus. The development of a vaccine under this international programme was termed as COVAX.
During a press conference held on Monday, WHO director-general Tedros Ghebreyesus indicated that the international programme launched to fight the disease was not satisfactory in raising the required amount of funds.
Under the initiative, WHO invited countries to join and voluntarily contribute funds to help support the development of a vaccine, build manufacturing capacities, and strengthen the reachability mechanism of tests and vaccines.
"There is a vast global gap between our ambition for the ACT-Accelerator and the amount of funds that have been committed. While we are grateful for those that have made contributions, we are only 10 percent of the way to funding the billions required to realise the promise of the ACT Accelerator," said Tedros during the conference.
To develop vaccines alone, the organization said it needs at least $100 billion. Tedros added that this amount may sound like a lot of money. But when compared to 10 trillion dollars invested by G20 countries in the present fiscal year to fight the consequences of the pandemic this doesn't look big.
COVAX initiative
The vaccine programme for the novel coronavirus is COVAX. Through the initiative, WHO is trying to bring countries to support through their resources for the development of multiple vaccines. All the member countries will have enough vaccines needed for them.
Not only development, this initiative focus to ramp up manufacturing of the vaccine. So, the required number of doses will be available for all countries. Through this programme, the WHO is in the plan to develop at least 2 billion vaccine doses.
The WHO said it believed a safe and effective vaccine would be available very soon. The real problem would be producing enough doses to cater to a country's population. The main focus would be on middle and low-income countries.
Vaccines under progress
At present, hundreds of vaccines for the novel coronavirus are under development stage. Of these, 30 are under the human trial stage. It is expected that a vaccine will be ready by the end of 2021 while some believe it is possible by the end of 2020 itself.
India has two vaccines under the human trial stage. While most talked about Oxford vaccine conducted successful human trials and it is now testing nearly 15,000 people in Brazil and South Africa.
Today, Russia claimed that it has developed the world's first Covid-19 vaccine. The Russian health ministry has given regulatory approval for the vaccine developed by Moscow's Gamaleya Institute. However, questions have been raised against the vaccine, as many experts say that the country is in a hurry to launch a vaccine and not focusing on required protocols.
COVID-19 in India
India has emerged as one of the worst-hit countries in the world. With over 2.2 million recorded cases and 45, 383 deaths reported, the country is facing a serious health emergency. Daily, around 50 thousand new cases are being reported with no hope of flattening the curve.
In India, the Bharat Biotech vaccine and DNA vaccine of Zydus Cadila have completed stage 1 of the trial phase. They will soon begin with stage 2 trials, according to the ICMR. Serum Institute of India received the approval of phase 2 and 3 clinical trials in 17 locations which will start within a week.
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