text:
Manufacturers Make Cybersecurity Central to Industry Culture
By NAM News Room October 16, 2019 2:53pm Share on Twitter Share on Facebook Share Link
As rapid technological innovation sweeps across the manufacturing industry, cybersecurity has become a top priority. David Brousell, Vice President and Executive Director of the Manufacturing Leadership Council—the world's first member-driven, global business leadership network dedicated to senior executives in the manufacturing industry—explains the importance of cybersecurity and what manufacturers are doing to combat global threats in the digital age.
Why is cybersecurity important for modern manufacturing?
Manufacturers are using cutting-edge digital technology to a greater degree than ever before. We're putting sensors in equipment, digitizing supply chains and gathering data from customers to better the customer experience, to name just a few examples. The number of electronic connections we're making is enormous—and the more you electronically link products and processes, the more vulnerable they become to cyberattacks.
What are the impacts of cyberattacks?
When we talk about cybersecurity, we're not just talking about people trying to steal intellectual property. We're also talking about attacks that target business operations, which can actually bring business to a halt. Manufacturers need to be able to guard against these attacks across the board in order to do their own innovative, cutting-edge work and to deliver for customers in the United States and around the world. That's why manufacturers must invest in developing solutions that can stand strong against even the most sophisticated assault.
What are some of the challenges manufacturers face in cybersecurity?
The number one challenge is the increase in attacks. We do a lot of survey work among manufacturers of the Manufacturing Leadership Council, and the overwhelming majority of survey participants say they're expecting more attacks in the year ahead. Just keeping up with the sheer volume of attacks is a big issue for manufacturing companies—large and small alike. This isn't just an issue for multibillion-dollar enterprises. Cybersecurity is everyone's concern.
What are manufacturers doing in the cybersecurity space to keep their work secure?
We're taking a variety of actions. We're continuing to invest in technology. We're training people to understand best behaviors and best practices. And we're trying to protect more and more on a systems level. For example, some companies are housing their information in the cloud because they feel that there are greater protections in a cloud environment than in a system on their own premises.
Most importantly, though, companies are adopting cybersecurity as a cultural discipline and making cybersecurity part of their business' DNA and culture. Over many decades, manufacturers have made physical safety a well-honed science. Now we have to raise cybersecurity up to that level of safety if we're going to bring it under control. We talk about how safety is everybody's business—and now cybersecurity has to become everybody's business, too.
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Manufacturers Adapt to Lead in an Increasingly Digital Age


what has more torsional rigidity a piece of 2x4 steel square tube or a piece of steel round tubing that has the same diameter and wall thickness of the 2x4?
I dont know the answer but my bet is that round is stiffer.
I've allways read that round is stronger for a given size and weight of tube.
Lots of chassis get built for IMSA type cars out of square tube because it's easier to rivet aluminum panels to and they have to meet a high weight limit anyway.
If you're talking about which cross section resists torsion better (topic number 1), that can be found using the polar moment of inertia of each of their cross sections. The higher the polar moment of inertia, the more resistant it is to torsional stress.
As for which one will give you a higher overall rigidity of your rollcage as a whole (topic number 2), I know very little about rollcage design and have never done any of it myself. Having said that, my guess would be that it will depend more on the design of the rollcage than the type of material used to construct it. If I had to guess, I would say that most of the stress seen by the individual beams in a rollcage is going to be of either an axial (tension/compression) or bending nature rather than strict torsion. But again, I don't know that, that's just what my instinct would tell me. Anyways, I hope that helps. And someone please correct me if I screwed up those calcs somewhere...it's been a while since I was in Mechanics of Materials.
Deepblue68, your calculations are incorrect. You need to subtract the PMOI for the hollow sections, since we are talking about hollow tubes. You can compare round tubes in the manner which you did, but not round to non-circular.
The 4" tube will be more rigid for a given length. But for the manner in which you are talking about, it's all a wash. For a flat plane (chassis), I'd use rectangular tube for it's good torsional rigidity (4" tube isn't very practical) and great bending strength, something which it tough to get with round tube. The torsional stiffness of a flat chassis is very limited.
Now, if you triangulate the chassis (with a cage or similar), then it's a whole different ballgame.
Oh, wow, I guess that's what I get for trying to do those calculations during a 6 hour study binge for a Controls exam I had this morning. Geez, that's pretty said I forgot to subtract the hollow sections out. :hand: Anyway, thanks for the correction. Am I anywhere close in thinking that most of the stress seen by members of a rollcage is either axial or bending (vs. torsion)?
Also, you're saying you can't directly compare the polar moment of inertia of a rectangular cross-section to that of a circular cross-section?
Wait, you're saying you can't compare the polar moment of inertia of a rectangular cross-section to that of a circular cross-section?
If you don't subtract the PMOI for the hollow sections, then no you can't. Once the hollow areas are accounted for, then the two numbers can be compared.
Am I anywhere close in thinking that most of the stress seen by members of a rollcage is either axial or bending (vs. torsion)?
When I design cages, I deal mostly with direct forces, and columnar bending with longer bars. There is some torsional issues that you can think about, but honestly, I let FEA do the work on that.
When you twist a roll cage, most of the forces are primarily axial like you mentioned. Very well designed cages exhibit the most direct tension and compression forces (obviously it's stiffer that way), instead of weird moments and bending forces at the joints.
Cool...what FEA program do you use? We've learned on NE Nastran here at school, and to be honest I'm not a huge fan of it. I've heard from more than one person that I've interviewed with that it's not the best or the easiest to master, and there's better FEA programs around. Your thoughts?
well my question is pertaining using either 2x4 rectangular tubing or 4 inch diameter circular tubing for the chassis.
I am not an engineer by any means, but here is my opinion. How much of a cage are you going with? If you are going to put a full cage (8 or more points) I would go w/ 2x3x0.125 wall rect. for the frame material. Otherwise, I would go w/ 2x4 rect. over 4 round any day of the week. In my opinion, 2x4 would be easier to work w/ than 4 round, especially if you have to fit it between the rocker and floor pan. I used 2x4x0.125 wall on my frame, and am planning on putting around 550 hp through 6 spd and 9" w/o a cage.
Why are you stuck on 4" round tube?? I've never heard of that being done, and see no reason for it either. Look at the attached picture. Every single one-off chassis I've ever been around has been built using the same basic materials (meaning 1.375" - 1.75" round tube for everything), and with a few tweaks, would make an excellent road race chassis.
I'm not about to spend the time to do the math, but I'm willing to bet you'd end up lighter using round tube versus RECTANGULAR tube.
Me thinks you've got a long way to go before you're ready to start designing your own chassis.
when building something like this you need to take in to account alot more than just the hieght of the material. The width is going to be just as important both from the standpoint of ergonomics and strength. Thought I would bring it up in case it wasn't just a typo in your last post.
If you haven't I would consider doing some reading. There are some really good books out there.
disclaimer: I'm not a mechanical engineer.
I've always been under the impression that EVERY purpose built road race chassis is built from square/rectangular tubing because it yeilds a more rigid chassis.
It may be due to construction techniques that flat faces allow e.g. sheer plates. Either way, you won't find a T/A, Datona, AGT, GTS... car built out of round tubing.
it was close to what ramz69ss said, just something that was fairly close to being the same physical size so a comparison could be more easily made. However there is going to be a cage on the chassis at least 12 points probably more though. I have Herb Adams book "Chassis Engineering" and Fred Puhn's book "How To Make Your Car Handle" so this question is just another part of my research.
With that many points, I think you could get away w/ 2x2 square. If you are worried about it, the biggest I would go w/ on that many points is 2x3. Most of your strength will be in the cage itself.


text:
Ukraine's delegation comes to Washington to negotiate with IMF
18:59, 16 October 2019
The Ukrainian delegation came to Washington for negotiations with the IMF. According to Finance Minister Oksana Markarova, the officials will have a number of meetings with the Fund's representatives, foreign investors, as well as members of the U.S. Treasury of the State.
The Fund's mission came to Kyiv last month and approved the new cooperation program. It foresees that the sum of financial support for Ukraine will make from five to ten million dollars. Ukraine hopes to get the first tranche by the end of the year.
13 January 2021, 13:28 Plane crash in Indonesia: Divers found body parts and wreckage in the sea
12 January 2021, 17:38 U.S. imposes sanctions on seven Ukrainians accused of interference in 2020 presidential vote
12 January 2021, 17:34 Moldovan President Maia Sandu pays an official visit to Kyiv
11 January 2021, 17:16 "From Khabarovsk to Brest, dictatorship has no place!": Mass rallies take place in Belarus
11 January 2021, 16:48 Year 2020 in Ukraine: emergencies, anomalous weather, secret recordings, pandemic, new Maidan, rotation in govt
7 December 2020, 17:11 VIDEO DIGEST November 2020 in Ukraine
3 August 2020, 17:55 VIDEO DIGEST JULY 2020 in Ukraine

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
in: Calais, Maine, Cities in Maine, Cities in Washington County, Maine,
Calais, Maine
City in Maine, United StatesTemplate:SHORTDESC:City in Maine, United States
<div style="position: absolute; top: Expression error: Missing operand for *.%; left: 1550%; height: 0; width: 0; margin: 0; padding: 0;">
Location within the state of Maine
William Howard
Area[1]
40.11 sq mi (103.88 km2)
5.79 sq mi (14.98 km2)
Population (2010)[2]
• Estimate (2019)[3] 3,005
• Density 87.55/sq mi (33.80/km2)
Eastern (EST) (UTC-5)
EDT (UTC-4)
calaismaine.org
Calais /ˈkæləs/[4] is a city in Washington County, Maine, United States. As of the 2010 census, it had a population of 3,123, making Calais the third least-populous city in Maine (after Hallowell and Eastport).[5] The city has three Canada–US border crossings (also known as ports of entry) over the St. Croix River connecting to St. Stephen, New Brunswick, Canada.
Calais has been a city of commerce and is recognized as the primary shopping center of eastern Washington County and of Charlotte County, New Brunswick. Retail, service, and construction businesses are the primary components of the Calais economy.
5.1 Public schools
5.2 Higher education
6 Infrastructure
6.1 Transportation
6.3 Public safety
8 International border crossings
9 Sites of interest
This area was occupied for thousands of years by indigenous peoples. The historic Passamaquoddy, an Algonquian-speaking people of the Wabanaki Confederacy, was predominant in this area at the time of European encounter and settlement.
The St. Croix River and its area were first explored by the French Samuel de Champlain when he and his men spent a winter on St. Croix Island in 1604. The first permanent settler was Daniel Hill of Jonesboro, who arrived in 1779 during the American Revolutionary War, when this was still part of Massachusetts. With other settlers, he built the first sawmill in 1782. On June 27, 1789, the Massachusetts General Court sold the township to Waterman Thomas for 19¢ an acre (approx. $2.86 an acre in 2018 dollars). Early occupations in the settlement included farming, hunting and ship building.[6]
On June 16, 1809, Plantation Number 5 PS was incorporated as Calais after Calais, France, in honor of French assistance during the American Revolution. The river provided the mill town with water power for industry, which included sawmills, clapboard and shingle mills, two planing mills, a saw factory, two axe factories and four grain mills. There were foundries, machine shops, granite works, shoe factories and a tannery. Other businesses produced bricks, bedsteads, brooms, carriages and plaster.[7]
The relationship between Calais and the neighboring Canadian town of St. Stephen has been remarkably close, over a period of many years. As evidence of the longtime friendship between the towns, during the War of 1812, the British military provided St. Stephen with a large supply of gunpowder for protection against the enemy Americans in Calais, but St. Stephen's town elders gave the gunpowder to Calais for its Fourth of July celebrations.[8]
Calais is the home of the first railroad built in the state of Maine, the Calais Railroad, incorporated by the state legislature on February 17, 1832.[9] It was built to transport lumber from a mill on the St. Croix River opposite Milltown, New Brunswick, 2 miles (3 km) to the tidewater at Calais in 1835. In 1849, the name was changed to the Calais & Baring Railroad, and the line was extended 4 miles (6 km) farther to Baring.[10] In 1870, it became part of the St. Croix & Penobscot Railroad.[11]
Calais was incorporated as a city on August 24, 1850. On July 18, 1864, Confederate agents crossed the border from New Brunswick and attempted to rob a bank in Calais.[12]
The Calais Free Library was designed by noted Boston architect Arthur H. Vinal and opened on July 4, 1893. The Romanesque Revival building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.
Other places in Calais listed on the National Register of Historic Places are the Calais Historic District, Calais Residential Historic District, Devils Head Site, Gilmore House, Thomas Hamilton House, Hinckley Hill Historic District, Holmes Cottage, Dr. Job Holmes House, Theodore Jellison House, Pike's Mile Markers, St. Anne's Episcopal Church, George Washburn House and Whitlocks Mill Light.
Main Street in 1913
Calais Avenue c. 1905
International Bridge in 1913
Looking east from bridge in 1908
Calais viewed from St. Stephen across the St. Croix River
Calais is located at 45°9′58″N 67°14′33″W / 45.16611, -67.2425 (45.166045, -67.242434).[13]
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 40.10 square miles (103.86 km2), of which, 34.32 square miles (88.89 km2) is land and 5.78 square miles (14.97 km2) is water.[14] Calais is located at the head of tide on the St. Croix River.
Recently, the City of Calais acquired Devil's Head. The site comprises 318 acres (1.287 km2) of land, one mile (1.6 km) of frontage on the St. Croix River estuary, and 6/10 of a mile of frontage on U.S. Route 1. Significant features on the property include a 340-foot (100 m) high granite headland towering over the estuary, a low-tide sand and boulder beach, upland forest, and abundant wildlife. Trail construction was completed in 2003.
Calais is the northern terminus of the East Coast Greenway, which has its southern terminus in Key West, Florida.
Historical populations
Pop. %±
1830 1,686 303.3%
1840 2,934 74.0%
1910 6,116 −20.1%
1920 6,084 −0.5%
Est. 2019 3,005 [3] −12.8%
sources:[15]
2010 census[]
As of the census[2] of 2010, there were 3,123 people, 1,403 households, and 771 families residing in the city. The population density was 91.0 inhabitants per square mile (35.1 /km2). There were 1,737 housing units at an average density of 50.6 per square mile (19.5 /km2). The racial makeup of the city was 95.5% White, 0.5% African American, 1.3% Native American, 0.6% Asian, 0.4% from other races, and 1.7% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.4% of the population.
There were 1,403 households, of which 25.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 38.8% were married couples living together, 11.2% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.9% had a male householder with no wife present, and 45.0% were non-families. 39.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 20.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.12 and the average family size was 2.80.
The median age in the city was 45.3 years. 19.7% of residents were under the age of 18; 9.9% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 20% were from 25 to 44; 29.9% were from 45 to 64; and 20.5% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.3% male and 51.7% female.
The City of Calais operates under the council-manager form of government. The current city manager is James Porter. Some past city managers include: William Bridgeo, Nancy Orr, Nicholas Mull, Linda Pagels, Mark Ryckman, Diane Barnes and James Porter. The current city mayor is Billy Howard.[16]
Public schools[]
Calais has an elementary school, a middle school, a high school, and a technical school.
Calais High School
St. Croix Regional Technical School
Higher education[]
Calais is home to a two-year community college. The nearest four-year university is located in Machias, Maine.
Washington County Community College
Infrastructure[]
Transportation[]
Calais is located at the junction of U.S. 1, a major north-south highway that runs along the Eastern Seaboard, and Route 9, which crosses the state from east to west. Since October 25, 2012, the city also has had direct access to New Brunswick Route 1, a controlled-access freeway that begins at the Canada–US border and runs east through Saint John to a junction with the Trans-Canada Highway. West's Bus Service operates a bus service between Calais and Bangor.[17]
Healthcare[]
Calais Regional Hospital (CRH) currently has 15 acute care beds and 10 swing beds, in addition to a 24-hour physician staffed emergency department. It serves northeastern Washington County with an approximate population of 14,000 from Topsfield to the north, Wesley to the west, and Eastport to the south. CRH is the largest employer in Calais, employing more than 200 people. The hospital is licensed by the State of Maine.
Calais Regional Hospital
Public safety[]
Calais has a full-time police, fire, and EMS department.
Calais Fire and EMS
Nehemiah Abbott, US congressman
Lyn Mikel Brown, academic, author
Ron Corning, television anchorman
Edwin Grant Dexter, educator
Thomas Fuller, US congressman
Andrea Gibson, spoken word artist, poet, activist
Roger Lyndon, mathematician
Frederick A. Pike, US congressman
James Shepherd Pike, journalist
Henry Milner Rideout, author
Noah Smith Jr., US politician and lawyer
Harriet Prescott Spofford, author
Ellen Smith Tupper, beekeeper, editor
Amos Parker Wilder, journalist and diplomat
Horatio Nelson Young, naval hero
International border crossings[]
U.S. Port of Entry
The Ferry Point International Bridge and the Milltown International Bridge connect Calais to St. Stephen, New Brunswick, Canada. Construction began in 2008 on a third bridge and Port of entry (POE) to connect the two communities. Referred to as the International Avenue Bridge, this bridge and POE opened on November 16, 2009, and serves commercial, cargo, trucking, passenger vehicles, campers, RVs, and buses. However, both the Ferry Point and Milltown crossings remain in use for passenger vehicles and pedestrians.[18]
The new inspection facility alleviates traffic congestion from downtown Calais and the neighboring towns in Canada. It is equipped with state-of-the-art security equipment that allows for efficient processing of both commercial and passenger vehicles. The new facility is occupied by U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP), the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and U.S. General Services Administration (GSA). This facility was built as part of GSA's high-performance green building program and has received the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) Gold certification for comprehensive use of sustainable design and technology. Recycled, reused, and local materials were used during the construction. The facility conserves energy by bringing natural light into every occupied space, and conserves water by using low-flow fixtures that consumes 40 percent less water than traditional plumbing. The Calais port of entry, designed by Robert Siegel Architects, provides six lanes of non-commercial inspection and three lanes of commercial inspection.
Sites of interest[]
St. Anne's Episcopal Church (Calais, Maine)
Milltown Dam (St. Croix River)
Whitlocks Mill Light
Calais Observatory
Devils Head Site
Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article Calais (Maine).
^ "2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2019_Gazetteer/2019_gaz_place_23.txt. Retrieved July 25, 2020.
^ a b "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. https://www.census.gov. Retrieved 2012-11-23.
^ a b "Population and Housing Unit Estimates". United States Census Bureau. May 24, 2020. https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/tables.2019.html. Retrieved May 27, 2020.
^ The Canadian Press (2017), The Canadian Press Stylebook (18th ed.), Toronto: The Canadian Press
^ "Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (DP-1): Calais city, Maine". United States Census Bureau. https://www.census.gov. Retrieved July 19, 2012.
^ Coolidge, Austin J.; John B. Mansfield (1859). A History and Description of New England. Boston, Massachusetts. pp. 81–82. https://books.google.com/books?id=OcoMAAAAYAAJ&q=coolidge%20mansfield%20history%20description%20new%20england%201859&pg=PA81.
^ Varney, George J. (1886), Gazetteer of the state of Maine. Calais, Boston: Russell, http://history.rays-place.com/me/calais-me.htm
^ "PM opens new crossing". Saint Croix Courier, January 12, 2010.
^ Henry V. Poor (1860). Railroads and Canals of the United States of America. New York: John H. Schultz & Co. p. 35. https://books.google.com/books?id=M0YKAAAAIAAJ.
^ Henry V. Poor (1860). Railroads and Canals of the United States of America. New York: John H. Schultz & Co. pp. 21–2. https://books.google.com/books?id=M0YKAAAAIAAJ.
^ "Report on the Agencies of Transportation in the United States 1880". Washington DC: United States Census Bureau. 1883. http://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/1880a_v4.zip.
^ Mason Philip Smith. "Confederates Downeast". The Provincial Press. http://www.musarts.net/provincial/confed.htm. Retrieved September 1, 2010.
^ "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. 2011-02-12. https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/time-series/geo/gazetteer-files.html. Retrieved 2011-04-23.
^ "US Gazetteer files 2010". United States Census Bureau. https://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt. Retrieved 2012-11-23.
^ "Minor Civil Division Population Search Results". http://www.library.umaine.edu/census/townsearch.asp. Retrieved September 1, 2010.
^ http://www.calaismaine.org/page/960-726/mayor-and-council
^ West's Transportation: The Coastal Connection
^ "U.S. gives go ahead to third bridge" Script error: No such module "webarchive"., St. Croix Courier, September 26, 2006.
City of Calais official website
Calais Free Library
The Calais Advertiser, Calais news
Calais History and Photos
Municipalities and communities of Washington County, Maine, United States
County seat: Machias
Centerville‡
Deblois
Dennysville
Machiasport
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‡ Disincorporated
Baring
Codyville
Grand Lake Stream
Unorganized
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Passamaquoddy Indian Township Reservation
Passamaquoddy Pleasant Point Reservation
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text:
ENERGY REGULATION
ESTABLISHMENT OF THE ENERGY REGULATORY AUTHORITY: CONSTITUTION, FUNCTIONS, POWERS AND DUTIES
3. Establishment of the Authority
4. Constitution of the Authority
5. Appointment of members of the Authority
6. Chairperson of the Authority
7. Tenure of office of members
8. Removal from office and vacancy
9. Powers and functions
10. Minister to Gazette Policy
11. Remuneration of members
12. Meetings of the Authority
13. Duties and responsibilities of members
14. Just administrative action
15. Committees of the Authority
16. Advisory Committees and customer-consumer fora
17. Members and employees not to be engaged in licensed activity
18. Chief Executive of the Authority
19. Other staff of the Authority
20. Disclosure of interest
21. Hiring of services
22. Delegation of powers and authority
FINANCIAL PROVISIONS
23. Funds of the Authority
24. Energy regulation levy
25. Rural electrification levy
26. Books of accounts
27. Annual report
REGULATION OF THE ENERGY SECTOR
28. Activities to be carried out under licence
29. Application for and issuing of licence
30. Tariffs or prices of energy
31. Transfer of licences
RESOLUTION OF DISPUTES
32. Authority may arbitrate
33. Authority may act as mediator
34. Authority may appoint another arbitrator
35. Procedure and fees for mediation and arbitration
36. Decision of the Authority is final
INSPECTION, ACCIDENTS, INQUIRIES AND INVESTIGATIONS
37. Inquiries and formal investigations
38. Licensee to report accidents
39. Entry and inspection of premises
42. Service of notice
43. Right of appeal to the High Court
44. Obligation of secrecy
An Act to establish an Energy Regulatory Authority to regulate the energy sector, to define the functions and powers of the Energy Regulatory Authority, to provide for licensing of energy undertakings, and for matters connected therewith and incidental thereto
[28TH DECEMBER, 2007]
This Act may be cited as the Energy Regulation Act.
"Authority" means the Malawi Energy Regulatory Authority established under section 3;
"coal" means coal as defined in the Energy Laws;
"customer" means a person purchasing energy;
"consumer" means a person consuming energy;
"electricity undertaking" means electricity undertaking as defined in the Electricity Act;
"energy" means such sources of renewable and non-renewable energy as defined in this Act;
"Energy Laws" means this Act and any other written law under which the Authority exercises any function;
"energy undertaking" means any undertaking selling energy or commercial activities related thereto, whether public or private as defined in the Energy Laws;
"licence" means a licence granted under Part III;
"licensee" bears a corresponding meaning;
"liquid fuels and gas" means liquid fuels and gas as defined in Energy Laws;
"member" means a member of the Authority and includes the Chairperson or Vice-Chairperson;
"non-renewable energy" means those sources of energy available to mankind arising from natural processes in the interaction between the sun and the earth's surface but not regularly replenished and these include uranium and fossil fuels e.g. coal, peat, crude oil, natural gas;
"Public Appointments Committee" means the Public Appointments Committee established under section 56 (7) of the Constitution;
"renewable energy" means those sources of energy available to mankind arising from natural processes in the interaction between the sun and the earth's surface and regularly replenished and these include the sun as the primary renewable energy resource and the secondary renewable energy resources that derive from the sun including wind energy, hydro, ocean thermal, ocean wave, ocean tidal and electricity from photo-voltaic effects, biomass, geothermal, etc.;
"rural electrification" means rural electrification as defined in the Rural Electrification Act;
"Rural Electrification Fund" means the fund set up under the Rural Electrification Act;
"solar, wind, biogas" means solar, wind, biogas as defined in the Energy Laws;
There is hereby established an Authority known as the Malawi Energy Regulatory Authority (in this Act otherwise referred to as the "Authority") which shall be a body corporate by that name with perpetual succession and a common seal and capable of suing and being sued in its corporate name and capable of acquiring and disposing of any moveable or immoveable property and performing such acts and things as bodies corporate may by law do or perform and have power to perform such functions and exercise such powers as are conferred by this Act and the Energy Laws.
(1) The Authority shall comprise—
(a) a Chairperson, a Vice-Chairperson and three other members;
(b) the Principal Secretary responsible for Energy Affairs as ex officio member;
(c) the Director of Energy Affairs; and
(d) the Chief Executive of the Authority as ex officio member so long as he or she remains in the post of Chief Executive.
(2) Members of the Authority shall be persons who have adequate knowledge and experience in any one or more of the following functional areas—
(a) energy supply and demand, including the end use consumption of energy;
(b) commercial and business practices and procedures;
(c) financial and funding aspects of the energy sector;
(d) energy tariffs, pricing or charges;
(e) energy planning and project development;
(f) energy technology and standards or renewable energy technologies;
(g) environmental issues; or
(h) legal matters.
(3) Candidates for appointment as members of the Authority shall be selected on the basis of their knowledge and experience of national, regional and international issues relating to the supply of energy in Malawi.
(4) The overall composition of the Authority shall as far as possible reflect a balance of knowledge and experience relevant to the different types of energy supply regulated by the Authority and the distinct industries involved in the energy sector.
(5) Any person who—
(a) is a Member of Parliament;
(b) is a Minister or Deputy Minister;
(c) is a holder of a licence;
(d) is an employee of a licensee;
(e) is a director of a company holding a licence under this Act;
(f) holds five per cent or more shares in a company holding a licence under this Act;
(g) has, in the last seven years, been convicted of an offence under this Act, or an offence involving fraud or dishonesty by a competent court in Malawi or elsewhere; or
(h) is in a position where there is a material conflict of interest between the interests of the member as member of the Authority and the business interest of that member,
shall be disqualified from being appointed as a member of the Authority.
(1) The President shall appoint members of the Authority and each appointment shall be subject to confirmation by The Public Appointments Committee.
(2) The first appointment of members of the Authority as provided for in subsection (1) shall be made within twenty-eight days of the coming into force of this Act.
(3) The names of all members of the Authority as first constituted and every change of membership of the Authority shall be published in the Gazette.
(4) In appointing members of the Authority under subsection (1), the President shall have regard to the need for continuity of service on the Authority so that at least half of the members of the Authority appointed thereunder shall be reappointed for the next term of office.
The President shall appoint one of the members of the Authority as Chairperson and another member as Vice-Chairperson.
(1) A member of the Authority, other than an ex officio member, shall hold office for a period of three years and shall be eligible for reappointment:
Provided that no member may be reappointed for more than two consecutive terms.
(2) The office of a member of the Authority shall become vacant—
(a) if he or she resigns;
(b) upon his or her death;
(c) if he or she becomes bankrupt;
(d) if he or she knowingly fails to declare a conflict of interest relating to any matter under consideration by the Authority;
(e) if he or she is absent, without the consent of the Chairperson or without valid excuse, from three consecutive meetings of the Authority of which he or she has had notice;
(f) upon the expiry of the term of his or her appointment;
(g) if he or she becomes, by reason of mental or physical infirmity, incapable of performing his or her duties as a member; or
(h) if any circumstances arise that, if he or she were not a member, would cause that member to be disqualified for appointment as a member.
(1) A member of the Authority shall not be removed from office except for reasons of incompetence or misconduct and only after due inquiry and subject to the approval of the Public Appointments Committee.
(2) A vacancy in the Authority shall be filled by the appointment of another member in accordance with this Act, and the member so appointed shall hold office for the unexpired period of the term of office of his or her predecessor.
(1) The Authority shall have power to regulate the activities of the energy industry in accordance with this Act and the Energy Laws and, without limitation to the generality of the foregoing, shall carry out the following functions—
(a) receive and process licence applications for energy undertakings;
(b) grant, revoke or amend licences granted under this Act and Energy Laws;
(c) approve tariffs, and prices of energy sales and services;
(d) monitor and enforce compliance by licensees with licences granted under this Act and Energy Laws;
(e) develop and enforce performance and safety standards for energy exploitation, production transportation and distribution;
(f) prescribe and collect fees, charges, levies or rates under this Act and Energy Laws;
(g) arbitrate commercial disputes under this Act and Energy Laws;
(h) recommend reforms to this Act and Energy Laws as the Authority may deem desirable;
(i) resolve or mediate consumer complaints against licensees; and
(j) do all such things as are necessary or incidental or conducive to the better carrying out of the functions of the Authority provided for in this Act and Energy Laws.
(2) In exercising its powers and functions under this Act and the Energy Laws, the Authority shall be independent of interference or direction of any other person or authority, and shall—
(a) promote the interests of consumers of energy with respect to energy prices and charges and the continuity and quality of energy supply;
(b) monitor the efficiency and performance of energy undertakings, having regard to the purposes for which they were established;
(c) in conjunction with other relevant agencies, monitor the levels and structures of competition within the energy sector in order that competition in and accessibility to the energy sector in Malawi is promoted;
(d) facilitate increasing access to energy supplies;
(e) promote energy efficiency and energy savings;
(f) promote consumer awareness and education;
(g) promote the integrity and sustainability of energy undertakings and seek to ensure that energy undertakings, whilst providing efficient service, are able to finance the carrying on of the activities which they are licensed or authorized to carry on;
(h) in conjunction with other relevant agencies, formulate measures to minimize the environmental impact of the exploitation, production, transportation, storage, supply and use of energy and enforce such measures by the inclusion of appropriate conditions to licences held by energy undertakings;
(i) promote the exploitation of renewable energy resources; and
(j) take all such measures as are necessary to fulfill the above purposes through regulations to be made under this Act or the Energy Laws.
(3) The Authority shall, in undertaking its regulatory tasks, regulate in a manner that is transparent, cost effective and fair.
(4) The Authority may advise the Government on matters affecting the energy sector generally and energy undertakings specifically.
(1) Whenever the Minister intends to revise the policy with regard to the energy sector, he or she shall prepare a draft thereof and invite comments from licensees and other stakeholders, and he or she shall take those comments into account before issuing the new policy.
(2) Any policy issued under subsection (1) shall be in writing and shall be published in the Gazette and in such other manner as the Minister may determine.
(1) A member of the Authority shall be paid such remuneration or allowances as the Minister of Finance may approve on the recommendation of the Authority:
Provided that such remuneration or allowances shall be set at levels that are comparable to those offered to similar professionals on the open market in Malawi.
(2) Members shall be paid out of the funds of the Authority.
(1) The members of the Authority shall meet at such times and places and in the manner as the Chairperson may from time to time determine provided that the Authority shall meet at least once every quarter.
(2) The Chairperson of the Authority may at any time convene an extraordinary meeting of the Authority to be held at a time and place and in the manner determined by him or her and shall, upon a written request of at least two other members of the Authority, convene an extraordinary meeting to be held within two weeks after the date of such request.
(3) The Chairperson of the Authority or, in the absence of the Chairperson, the Vice-Chairperson of the Authority shall preside over any meeting of the Authority, and in the absence of both the Chairperson and Vice-Chairperson, the members present shall elect one of their number to preside at the meeting.
(4) The Authority may publish in the Gazette the procedure to be followed at meetings of the Authority.
(5) In the absence of a published procedure under subsection (4), the person presiding at such a meeting of the Authority shall determine the procedure to be followed thereat.
(6) The quorum for a meeting of the Authority shall be a majority of all its members.
(7) The decision of a majority of the members of the Authority present at a meeting thereof shall constitute a decision of the Authority, and in the event of an equality of votes on any matter the person presiding at a meeting has a casting vote in addition to his or her deliberative vote.
(8) No member of the Authority, except ex officio members, shall attend the meeting of the Authority by representation.
(9) Other officers of the Authority as the Chief Executive may designate, shall attend meetings of the Authority and of any committee of the Authority and may address such meetings, but shall not vote on any matter:
Provided that the person presiding at any meeting may, for good cause, require such other officers to withdraw from such meeting.
(10) No decision taken by the Authority or act performed under it shall be invalid only by reason of a vacancy on the Authority or of the fact that any person not entitled to sit as a member of the Authority sat at such a meeting at the time the decision was taken or the act was authorized.
(11) The Authority may, at its discretion, allow members of the public or licensees to attend any of its meetings.
(12) If the Authority takes a decision in any manner other than at a formal meeting, such decision shall come into effect immediately but shall be reduced to writing and submitted for ratification at the first formal meeting of the Authority following such decision.
(13) The Authority shall cause a record of its proceedings to be kept.
(1) Any member of the Authority shall—
(a) act in a justifiable and transparent manner whenever the exercise of his or her discretion is required;
(b) at all times act in the interests of the Authority and not in his or her sectoral interest;
(c) act independently of any outside influence or instruction; and
(d) act in a manner that is required of any holder of a public office.
(2) A member of the Authority having any interest, directly or indirectly, in any matter under discussion by the Authority shall as soon as possible after the relevant facts have come under his or her knowledge, disclose to the Authority the facts of his or her interest and nature thereof.
(3) A disclosure under subsection (2) shall be recorded in the minutes of the Authority and, after the disclosure, the member—
(a) shall not take part nor be present in any deliberation or decision of the Authority; and
(b) shall be disregarded for the purpose of constituting a quorum of the Authority.
(4) Any member of the Authority who fails to disclose his or her interest as provided under subsection (1) shall be guilty of an offence and liable on conviction to a fine of K500,000 and to imprisonment for five years.
(5) No act or proceedings of the Authority shall be invalidated on the grounds only that any member of the Authority has contravened the provisions of this section.
(1) Any decision of the Authority affecting the rights of another person shall—
(a) be within the powers of the Authority as set out in this Act and Energy Laws;
(b) be taken within a procedurally fair process; and
(c) be reasonable.
(2) Any person adversely affected by a decision of the Authority shall on request be furnished with written reasons for the decision.
(1) The Authority may appoint committees consisting of as many members of the Authority and employees of the Authority as may be deemed necessary to perform such functions or exercise such powers of the Authority as the authority may perform or exercise under this Act, and Energy Laws and may at any time dissolve or reconstitute such committees, and the chairperson of any such committee shall be a member of the Authority but so however that the Authority is not divested of any function or power conferred upon a committee under this subsection.
(2) Any decision of a committee performing a function or exercising a power of the Authority shall be tabled at a meeting of the Authority and may be withdrawn or amended by the Authority or referred back to such committee and shall, until it has been so withdrawn or amended, be deemed to be a decision of the Authority.
(1) The Authority may appoint committees consisting of as many members of the Authority, employees of the Authority and other persons as may be deemed necessary to advise the Authority in general or on a particular matter.
(2) The Authority may establish customer-consumer fora consisting of as many of the members of the Authority, employees of the Authority and other persons as may be deemed necessary to represent the interests of consumers or consumers of energy in relation to consumer or consumer information, education, energy pricing and dispute resolution.
17. Members or employees not to be engaged in licensed activity
(1) A member or employee of the Authority shall not seek employment with any licensee for a period of two years after leaving the position as member or employee of the Authority.
(2) A member or employee of the Authority, as the case may be, shall not, after leaving the membership or employment of the Authority act as an agent for or on behalf of a licensee in any matter before the Authority that was under consideration by the Authority during the term of office of that member or during the employment of the employee with the Authority.
The Authority shall appoint a Chief Executive to be known by such title as the Authority may deem fit, who shall be the chief executive officer of the Authority and responsible for the administrative control of, and supervision over the work and staff of the Authority.
(1) The Authority shall establish its own Secretariat and may appoint such staff, subordinate to the Chief Executive, as the Authority deems necessary.
(2) The Authority may delegate to the Chief Executive the appointment of staff of such ranks as the Authority may specify.
(3) The Authority may pay to persons in its employ, or provide them with, such remuneration, pension and employment benefits as the Authority may, after having obtained such professional advice as it may deem fit, consider as being competitive in the employment market in Malawi.
(1) The Chief Executive shall disclose to the Authority any interest he or she has, whether in a private or professional capacity, in any matter that is under consideration by the Authority and shall not attend any meeting of the Authority or of any committee of the Authority while any question touching such matter is being discussed.
(2) Every employee of the Authority or any consultant, adviser or sub-contractor to the Authority shall disclose to the Chief Executive any interest he or she has, whether in a private or professional capacity, in any matter that is under consideration by the Authority, and the Chief Executive shall take such decision as he or she considers appropriate in each case and submit a report thereon to the Authority.
The Authority may, subject to such conditions as the Authority may determine contract with any person to provide goods or supply services as may be necessary to perform the work connected with the powers, functions and duties of the Authority.
(1) The Authority may delegate any power or function assigned to it under this Act and Energy Laws to the Chairperson or any member of the Authority or to any employee of the Authority to facilitate the day to day operation of the Authority.
(2) The Chairperson of the Authority may, with the approval of the Authority, delegate any power or function assigned to him or her under this Act and Energy Laws or delegated to him or her under subsection (1) to any member of the Authority.
The funds of the Authority shall consist of—
(a) all fees, charges, energy regulation levies, dues or rates imposed under this Act and Energy Laws;
(b) one-half of all fines imposed by a competent court for the contravention of the provisions of this Act and Energy Laws or by-laws made by the Authority;
(c) revenue accruing to the Authority from the Government or other body or person, whether as a grant-in-aid or otherwise;
(d) all such monies as are, from time to time, appropriated to the Authority by Parliament; and
(e) any other income authorized under this Act and Energy Laws or income recognized as such by accounting standards and practices.
(1) For the purposes of the levies referred to in section 23, the Authority may by notice in the Gazette impose an energy regulation levy on energy sales to be paid by licensees.
(2) A notice under subsection (1)—
(a) shall state the amount of the levies or the basis or method of calculation or determination of the amounts;
(b) shall specify the date on which or periods within which the levies are payable and the manner of payment; and
(c) may stipulate that a licensee becomes liable for payment of interest on any arrear payments of the levy and specify the rate of interest and manner of calculation thereof.
(1) In order to promote and fund rural electrification, every licensee shall pay to the Authority a rural electrification levy which levy shall be part of the tariffs or prices of energy payable by energy customers.
(2) The rural electrification levy referred to in subsection (1) shall be 4.5 per cent of retail energy sales.
(3) Every licensee shall pay the levy referred to in subsection (1) to the Authority within forty-five days from the date of sale or billing for the energy as the case may be, whichever shall occur first.
(4) The Authority shall pay the levy referred to in subsection (1) to the Rural Electrification Fund within seven days of receipt of the same from a licensee.
(5) If a licensee or the Authority, as the case may be, fails to remit the levy referred to in subsection (1) within the periods specified in subsections (3) and (4) interest on the levy at the rate of 2 per cent above the bank lending rate shall be chargeable and payable to the Rural Electrification Fund.
(6) The rural electrification levy shall be used for the purposes prescribed under the Rural Electrification Act.
(1) The Authority shall cause to be kept proper books of accounts and other records relating to its accounts.
(2) The Authority shall, as soon as possible after the end of each financial year, cause to be prepared a statement of the cash-flow and income and expenditure of the Authority for that financial year and a balance sheet of its assets and liabilities as at the end of that financial year.
(3) The accounts of the Authority shall—
(a) be audited annually by independent public auditors appointed by the Authority; and
(b) be examined by the Auditor General before being presented to Parliament in accordance with this Act.
(4) The financial year of the Authority shall be the period of twelve months commencing on 1st July of each year and ending on 30th June of the following year:
Provided that the first financial year of the Authority may be a period shorter or longer than twelve months as the Authority may determine, but in any case not longer than eighteen months.
(1) The Authority shall as soon as practicable, but not later than six months after the expiry of the financial year, submit to Parliament, through the Minister, a report concerning its activities during that financial year.
(2) The annual report referred to in subsection (1) shall include—
(a) an audited balance sheet and income statement, including any notes thereon and documents annexed thereto whereby relevant information is provided;
(b) the report of the examination of the accounts referred to in section 26 (3);
(c) information regarding licences granted, renewed, amended, suspended, cancelled or withdrawn;
(d) information regarding the amount of rural electrification levies collected and paid to the Rural Electrification Fund;
(e) a report regarding the execution of the business plan of the Authority;
(f) a report of the future strategic plans of the Authority;
(g) a status report on the performance of the energy sector and energy undertakings; and
(h) such other information as the Authority may, from time to time, deem necessary.
(3) The Authority shall, after submission of the annual report to Parliament in accordance with subsection (1), cause a summary of the report to be published in such manner as the Authority shall deem appropriate or as Parliament may direct.
(1) No person may establish, operate, carry on or be involved in any manner in an energy undertaking in Malawi, without a licence issued by the Authority.
(2) Any person who contravenes the provisions of subsection (1) shall be guilty of an offence.
(3) For the purposes of this section the Authority has the power—
(a) to determine whether any person is carrying on or involved in any energy undertaking; and
(b) to order any person not holding a licence and who is obliged to apply for and hold a licence under this Act or Energy Laws to cease carrying on or being involved in any energy undertaking.
Any person obliged to hold a licence under this Act or Energy Laws shall apply to the Authority for a licence in the prescribed form in accordance with the procedure and subject to payment of fees laid down in this Act or Energy Laws.
A licensee shall not charge a customer any other tariff, price or charge more than that forming part of the conditions of his or her licence or revision thereof and as approved by the Authority.
No licence and no rights or privileges thereunder shall be assigned or transferred, either in whole or in part, nor shall title thereto, either legal or equitable, or any right, interest or property therein, pass to or vest in any person without the prior written consent of the Authority, but so however that such consent shall not be unreasonably withheld.
The Authority shall, if requested thereto by a party to a dispute, act as arbitrator in disputes between licensees or between a licensee and its customers or consumers relating to—
(a) the right to energy supply;
(b) the duty to supply energy;
(c) the tariffs, process or charges at which energy is supplied;
(d) delays in or refusal to supply energy; and
(e) the quality of energy supply and the provision of services in connexion therewith.
The Authority may act as mediator in any other matter in respect of which a licensee, customer, or consumer requests the Authority to act as such.
The Authority may, on approval of the parties involved, appoint a suitable person to act as mediator or arbitrator on its behalf and any action or decision of a person so appointed is deemed to be an action or decision of the Authority.
The Authority shall by notice published in the Gazette prescribe the procedure to be followed and mediation and arbitration fees to be paid in mediating and arbitrating disputes.
The decision of the Authority in arbitrating a dispute, including a decision as to costs, shall be final and binding on the disputing parties, subject only to the right of appeal to the High Court.
INSPECTIONS, ACCIDENTS, INQUIRIES AND INVESTIGATIONS
(1) The Authority may, at its own instance or on receipt of a complaint or enquiry relating to the supply of energy, appoint a person to make enquiries in respect thereof and report thereon to the Authority.
(2) On receipt of a report under subsection (1), the Authority may—
(a) issue such licensing conditions, guidelines, rules or directives as it is empowered under this Act; or
(b) institute a formal investigation.
(3) The Authority shall, on receipt of a complaint regarding unlawful conduct by a licensee, institute a formal investigation in respect of that complaint.
(4) Upon instituting a formal investigation under subsection (2) or (3)—
(a) the Authority may appoint a person to chair the investigation and as many persons as may be necessary to assist with the investigation; and
(b) the person appointed under subparagraph (a) and the persons assisting him or her may summon witnesses and conduct the investigation in accordance with the rules made by the Authority by order published in the Gazette.
(5) On completion of an investigation under subsection (4), the person chairing the investigation shall submit his or her written report thereon to the Authority.
(6) On receipt of the report under subsection (5), the Authority—
(a) may refer it to the Attorney General for his or her consideration;
(b) if a licensee is involved, may take action in accordance with this Act or Energy Laws,
and the Authority shall give a copy of the report to a concerned consumer or affected person who requests for it.
(1) Every licensee shall send to the Authority notice of any accident of such a kind as to have caused, or likely to have caused, loss of life or serious personal injury which occurs in any part of such licensee's works or equipment, together with notice of any loss of life or serious personal injury occasioned by any such accident, within twenty-one days of such accident.
(2) Nothing contained in subsection (1) shall absolve a licensee from the duty of complying with the provisions of any other written law relating to the reporting of accidents.
(1) The Authority, or any person authorized thereto in writing by the Authority may—
(a) at any time enter upon the premises of a licensee and inspect any plant, machinery, books of accounts and other documents found thereat for the purpose of ascertaining whether or not the provisions of this Act, the Energy Laws or other written law or the conditions of any licence are being complied with, or for the purpose of any inspection which is incidental to or connected with the carrying out of the duties of the licensee; and
(b) call upon any licensee to furnish to the Authority such periodical or other returns in such form and such particulars as the Authority may, from time to time, prescribe by notice in the Gazette.
(2) The Authority may require that the accuracy of the returns and particulars be verified on oath by the licensee.
(3) A person authorized by the Authority to carry out an inspection or call for a return shall on request by a licensee show his or her authorization.
(4) A person who intentionally alters, destroys or otherwise suppresses a document or information required of him or her or under subsection (1) shall be guilty of an offence.
(1) Any person who carries on in any manner any activity for the supply of energy in contravention of this Act, or fails to carry out or to comply with any order or decision of the Authority made or given under this Act or otherwise contravenes the provisions of this Act, or Energy Laws shall be guilty of an offence.
(2) Without prejudice to the right of a licensee to recover for any illegal consumption of energy, including costs associated with such recovery, a customer or any other person who—
(a) illegally abstracts energy;
(b) disturbs or tampers with any meter or other energy measuring instrument or apparatus;
(c) denies access to premises for inspections by authorized personnel of the licensee or the Authority;
(d) damages or vandalizes any energy installation equipment or apparatus,
shall be guilty of an offence.
(3) Any transmitter who denies access on his or her system to a licensee shall be guilty of an offence.
Any person who is guilty of an offence under this Act for which no penalty is provided shall be liable to a line of K5,000,000 and to imprisonment for ten years.
Any notice or other document required or authorized to be given, delivered or served under this Act may be given, delivered or served—
(a) by delivering it to the person to whom it is to be given or delivered or on whom it is to be served;
(b) by leaving it at the usual or last known place of abode of that person;
(c) by sending it in a prepaid registered letter addressed to that person at his or her usual or last known place of abode or postal address;
(d) in the ease of a company, by delivering it to the secretary or clerk thereof at its registered or numbered office or by sending it in a prepaid registered letter addressed to the secretary or clerk of the company at that office; or
(e) if it is not practicable after reasonable enquiry to ascertain the name or address of a person to whom it should be given or delivered or on whom it should be served, as being a person having an interest in land, being the person to whom the description of the person having that interest in the premises (naming those premises) to which it relates, or by delivering it to some person on the premises or, if there is no person on the premises to whom it can be addressed, by affixing a true copy of it to some conspicuous part of the premises.
(1) Any person aggrieved by the decision or action of the Authority under this Act may appeal to the High Court within three months from the date of the decision or action of the Authority.
(2) The Chief Justice may make such rules as he or she considers proper in relation to the procedure on the hearing of appeals under subsection (1), including the appointment and remuneration of assessors and regulating the costs of the appeal.
Except for any of the purposes of this Act or the Energy Laws or for the purpose of any civil or criminal proceedings under any written law or where otherwise authorized by the Authority, no member of the Authority or a committee of the Authority or any officer, servant or agent of the Authority or any person attending any meeting of the Authority or a committee of the Authority, whether during his or her tenure of office or during his or her employment or for a period of five years thereafter, shall disclose any information which has been obtained by him or her in the course of his or her duties and which is not published in pursuance of this Act or the Energy Laws.
The Authority may make by-laws to give effect to any of the provisions of this Act and without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing, the Authority may make by-laws—
(a) for securing that the supply and use of energy is regular, safe and efficient;
(b) prioritizing of fuels and technologies for energy supply;
(c) for bulk stockholdings;
(d) for protecting the public in so far as practicable from any personal injury, fire or other dangers arising from the use of energy;
(e) prescribing anything, including fees, required to be prescribed under this Act prohibiting, controlling or restricting the importation, disposal, sale of defective or dangerous goods or fittings used in the supply of energy;
(f) for the testing of meters and the adjustment of accounts where meters are found to be defective; and
(g) providing for matters incidental to and connected with the matters mentioned in the preceding paragraphs of this section.
ENERGY REGULATION BY-LAWS
ARRANGEMENT OF BY-LAWS
ENERGY REGULATION LEVY
Division 1—Regulation Levy System
3. The amount of Levy
4. Levy to be charged on basic income
5. Period for paying levy
6. Interest on delayed payment of levy
7. Liquid fuels wholesalers to collect levy from retailers at source
Division 2—Billing and Ring Fence Accounting
8. Bills to clearly show levy amount
9. Ring fence accounting
THE RURAL ELECTRIFICATION LEVY
Division 1—The Rural Electrification Levy
10. The Rural Electrification Levy
11. Levy to be charged on basic income
12. Liquid fuels wholesalers
13. Bills to clearly show levy amount
Division 2—Ring Fence Accounting
14. Ring-fence accounting
COAL SUPPLY
Division 1—Licences
15. Licence for coal supply activities
17. Application and licence fees
18. Information to be supplied by applicants
19. Grant denial of application
20. Communication of the Authority's decision
21. Refusal to be accompanied by reasons
22. Right of appeal
23. Duration and renewal of licence
Division 2—Prices and Charges
24. Licensees to charge only approved prices
25. Factors determining prices
26. Authority may obtain independent quotations
27. Renewal application to be accompanied by new prices
Division 3—Standards and Code of Practice
28. Standard specification
29. Compliance with Environment Management Act
30. Authority to monitor standards
Division 4—Coal Transportation and Storage
31. Prohibition against storage of coal
34. Coal storage in accommodation
35. Reports of accidents
36. Inspections by the Authority
37. Coal transportation
38. Licensee to provide information to applicants and customers
39. Copies of agreements to be sent to the Authority
40. Registration of coal importers for own use
41. Mining of coal for own use
RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES
42. Licences for renewable energy technologies activities
43. Licence applications and fees
44. Installations permit under Electricity Act
46. Grant or denial of application
52. Licensees to propose prices annually
53. Authority may obtain independent quotation
54. Renewed licence to be accompanied by new prices
Division 3—Standards, Code of Practice and Inspections
55. Standard specification and code of practice
56. Electrical installation permits
Division 4—Purchase, Sale and Service Agreements
58. The Authority to approve purchase agreements
59. Terms in purchase agreements
60. Licensees to sign service agreements with buyers
61. Obligations of licensees in service agreements


With so much of the tasks we perform, to help our business run efficiently being done on the computer, when the internet goes down, often it brings the entire company to a screeching halt. As IT Support providers in Orange County, there usually isn't a lot we can do to help in this situation either. Some businesses are limited in their options of internet service providers, and if there is an outage in the area you may just have to wait until the provider is able to restore the connection.
You may want to consider having a backup internet connection that your business can roll over to if the main internet connection goes down. However, if you don't have this solution in place, you can find yourself in an extremely frustrating situation, here is a helpful list of things you and your employees can do to stay productive.
If you still have paper roaming around your office, the loss of the internet is a great chance to take some time and get some of that paperwork filed away. This is typically one of those things that often gets overlooked since there seems like so many more important things to do.
Another task you can get done is get your office, cubical, breakroom, and more all cleaned up and organized. Throughout the day, my desk can get extremely disorganized. When that happens things can fall through the cracks. Not being able to get things done on the computer is a great chance to restore some organization to your own desk as well as the office in general.
The great thing about many of the business apps we use on a daily basis moving to the cloud is the ability to access these platforms from anywhere. The only issue here is if your company is still storing files on a local file server, or if you use any programs that require a local database, you would not be able to access these from a remote location. Even if you are usually able to access this information remotely, without an internet connection at the office you will not be able to login to these resources.
On the other hand, if you do have a local file server, you can still do a good portion of your job without internet access. You won't be able to email or use online resources, but you may still be able to work on files or reports or special projects that require planning but don't necessarily require the internet to complete.
Often meetings can have put a wrench in an otherwise productive day. When the internet is down though, you can really collaborate with your coworkers without worrying about what emails you are missing and what tasks you can get done during your meeting. It is a great time to really put your heads together to come up with solutions to problems, talk about projects and have great uninterrupted discussions.
Instead of becoming frustrated by the things you can't control, you can use the time productively and turn it into a positive.


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Home : Uncategorized : NBC officially announces Knight Rider, new KITT unveiled!
NBC officially announces Knight Rider, new KITT unveiled!
December 13, 2007 by jayfrankwilson
'KNIGHT RIDER' REVS UP TO RETURN TO NBC FOR SPECIAL TWO-HOUR MOVIE EVENT ON FEBRUARY 17 AS NEW KITT CAR IS REVEALED
As "Knight Rider" — NBC's iconic 1980s television classic that became a runaway success, comes roaring back to life on the network with an updated sequel that will air as a two-hour movie event on Sunday, February 17 (9-11 p.m. ET) — NBC unveiled the new customized KITT Ford Mustang to be featured in the series in a press event held at NBC's Burbank Studios today.
The movie stars Justin Bruening ("Cold Case," "All My Children"), Deanna Russo ("NCIS," "The Young and the Restless"), Sydney Tamiia Poitier ("Veronica Mars," "Grindhouse") and Bruce Davison ("Breach," "Close to Home"). In addition, David Hasselhoff (NBC's "America's Got Talent") — who starred in the popular lead role as Michael Knight for four seasons during the original series — returns as the same character in a special guest-star appearance. Will Arnett (NBC's "30 Rock," "Blades of Glory") will provide the voice of KITT.
Dave Bartis ("Heist," "The O.C.") and Doug Liman ("Mr. and Mrs. Smith," "The Bourne Identity") serve as executive producers.
NBC also has an arrangement with Ford Motor Company that provides for a unique content opportunity that makes the Ford Mustang one of the stars of the movie.
The three cars to be employed in the series include the KITT Hero — a Ford Mustang Shelby GT500KR that is playing the part of the everyday Hero car with 540 horsepower; the KITT Attack — a super high-speed version of the Ford Mustang Shelby GT500KR Hero car that transforms into Attack mode with the help of air-ride technology and specialized body parts — and a KITT Remote, which is a driverless Ford Mustang Shelby GT500KR version of the Hero vehicle.
As the original story resumes, the new KITT (Knight Industries Three Thousand) is absolutely the coolest car ever created: its supercomputer capable of hacking almost any system; its weapons systems efficient; and its body — thanks to its creator's work and nanotechnology — is capable of actually shifting shape and color. Plus, its artificial intelligence makes it the ideal crime-fighting partner: logical, precise and possessing infinite knowledge. It is the ultimate car — and someone will be willing to do anything to obtain it.
Sarah Graiman is a 24-year old Ph.D candidate at Stanford University, following in her genius father Charles' (Davison) footsteps. But when men attempt to abduct her, Sarah receives a mysterious call from KITT warning her that he's a creation of Charles, who also invented the first KITT 25 years ago — and that her father is in serious danger.
Sarah and KITT track down her best friend from childhood, Mike Tracer (Bruening), a 23-year-old ex-Army Ranger, whom Sarah hasn't seen since he left home at 18. Having served in Iraq, Mike is now jaded and lost and initially resistant. Eventually he agrees to help Sarah and the two set out to discover who's behind the attempt to procure KITT and find Charles. Along the way, Carrie Rivai (Poitier) plays the agile yet tough FBI agent who has a long-standing friendship with Charles and Sarah. Due to those ties, she is brought into the mix to help in the search.
David Andron is supervising producer and writer. Steve Shill ("Dexter," "The Tudors"), also a co-executive producer, directs the two-hour movie from Universal Media Studios and Dutch Oven Productions.
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text:
American Identity in the Age of Obama
DOI link for American Identity in the Age of Obama
American Identity in the Age of Obama book
Edited ByAmílcar Antonio Barreto, Richard L. O'Bryant
eBook Published 12 November 2013
Pub. location New York
SubjectsPolitics & International Relations, Social Sciences
Barreto, A. (Ed.), O'Bryant, R. (Ed.). (2014). American Identity in the Age of Obama. New York: Routledge, https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315858586
The election of Barack Obama as the 44th president of the United States has opened a new chapter in the country's long and often tortured history of inter-racial and inter-ethnic relations. Many relished in the inauguration of the country's first African American president — an event foreseen by another White House aspirant, Senator Robert Kennedy, four decades earlier. What could have only been categorized as a dream in the wake of Brown vs. Board of Education was now a reality. Some dared to contemplate a post-racial America. Still, soon after Obama's election a small but persistent faction questioned his eligibility to hold office; they insisted that Obama was foreign-born. Following the Civil Rights battles of the 20th century hate speech, at least in public, is no longer as free flowing as it had been. Perhaps xenophobia, in a land of immigrants, is the new rhetorical device to assail what which is non-white and hence un-American. Furthermore, recent debates about immigration and racial profiling in Arizona along with the battle over rewriting of history and civics textbooks in Texas suggest that a post-racial America is a long way off.
What roles do race, ethnicity, ancestry, immigration status, locus of birth play in the public and private conversations that defy and reinforce existing conceptions of what it means to be American?
This book exposes the changing and persistent notions of American identity in the age of Obama. Amílcar Antonio Barreto, Richard L. O'Bryant, and an outstanding line up of contributors examine Obama's election and reelection as watershed phenomena that will be exploited by the president's supporters and detractors to engage in different forms of narrating the American national saga. Despite the potential for major changes in rhetorical mythmaking, they question whether American society has changed substantively.
Introduction: The Age of Obama and American Identity
ByAMÍLCAR ANTONIO BARRETO AND RICHARD L. O'BRYANT
Obama and Enduring Notions of American National Identity
ByAMÍLCAR ANTONIO BARRETO
Racial Identification in a Post-Obama Era: Multiracialism, Identity Choice, and Candidate Evaluation
ByNATALIE MASUOKA
The Son of a Black Man from Kenya and a White Woman from Kansas: Immigration and Racial Neoliberalism in the Age of Obama
ByJOSUE DAVID CISNEROS
Immigrant Resentment and American Identity in the Twenty-First Century
ByDEBORAH J. SCHILDKRAUT
Browning Our Way to Post-Race: Identity, Identification, and Securitization of Brown
ByKUMARINI SILVA
White Masculinities in the Age of Obama: Rebuilding or Reloading?
BySTEVEN D. FAROUGH
Exceptionally Distinctive: President Obama's Complicated Articulation of American Exceptionalism
ByJOSEPH M. VALENZANO III AND JASON A. EDWARDS
Barack Obama's Foreign Policy Leadership: Renewing America's Image
ByMARK A. MENALDO
The First Black President?: Cross-Racial Perceptions of Barack Obama's Race
ByDAVID C. WILSON, MATTHEW O. HUNT


Finally we have some sort of justice for BRIAN TERRY and his family. A jury has found two men guilty of murder in the killing of a U.S. Border Patrol agent Brian Terry, whose death exposed the botched ERIC HOLDER and BARACK HUSSEIN OBAMA'S federal operation known as Fast and Furious.
As we reported, Brian Terry was killed in a firefight with a crew of armed Mexicans who were scouting the desert in search of drug smugglers to rob. Two AK-47's were found at the murder scene. Those rifles were purchased in a gun-tracking operation overseen by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives, Operation Fast and Furious. ATF officials had hoped weapons purchased at a Glendale gun store would eventually turn up in the hands of high-level Mexican drug traffickers. Instead, ATF lost track of more than 1,400 guns. The two found at Terry's death were part of the operation, congressional investigators later found.
The jury found Jesus Leonel Sanchez-Meza and Ivan Soto-Barraza guilty of all counts. Jurors had begun deliberations Wednesday afternoon, a week after the trial began in federal court in Tucson.
Sanchez-Meza, also known as Lionel Portillo-Meza, and Soto-Barraza were part of a five-man crew that planned on robbing drug smugglers when they encountered Agent Terry and three others on Dec. 14, 2010.
Trial testimony revealed that the agents fired their less-lethal ammunition or bean bags as per (Obama) agency policy but the rip crew fired with bullets, one of which ricocheted and killed Terry.
Defense attorney Ramiro Flores said in his closing that the defendants were acting in self-defense and that they did not initiate the firefight.
Hey Flores- go screw yourself.
Republicans sought to hold the Obama administration accountable over the Fast and Furious operation, conducting a series of inquiries into the how the U.S. Justice Department allowed guns to end up in the hands of criminals.
Former Attorney General Eric Holder was held in contempt after he refused to divulge documents for a congressional investigation into the matter. Since then, the Justice Department has focused on arresting and trying all suspects involved. The Terry family, which has been present throughout the trial in Tucson, says it wants ATF officials who orchestrated the sting to be prosecuted in the agent's death.


text:
Q: Use WITH clause for storing temporary data: What is the equivalent syntax to Oracle, but in SQLite? The syntax for storing temporary data in the WITH clause looks like this in Oracle:
with data (asset_id, x, y) as (
select 100, 10, 20 from dual union all
select 200, 30, 40 from dual union all
select 300, 50, 50 from dual)
select * from data

  ASSET_ID          X          Y
---------- ---------- ----------
       100         10         20
       200         30         40
       300         50         50

What would be the equivalent syntax in SQLite?

A: In SQLite it is simpler to use VALUES:
with data (asset_id, x, y) as (
  VALUES
  (100, 10, 20),
  (200, 30, 40),
  (300, 50, 50)
)
select * from data

See the demo.

A: It looks like the syntax is the same as Oracle, except we need to remove from dual:
with data (asset_id, x, y) as (
select 100, 10, 20 union all
select 200, 30, 40 union all
select 300, 50, 50 )
select * from data

  ASSET_ID          X          Y
---------- ---------- ----------
       100         10         20
       200         30         40
       300         50         50

db<>fiddle

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


SkyPlanner Blog - Salesforce news and cloud computing updates.: How do you know it's going to be a great week? Because you're starting it off with a fresh SkyPlanner Parachute from South Florida's premier Salesforce consultants!
How do you know it's going to be a great week? Because you're starting it off with a fresh SkyPlanner Parachute from South Florida's premier Salesforce consultants!
Being a small business doesn't mean you have to settle for a small pool of customers. Here's 8 ways to develop a master plan to lure the bigger fish in the pond.
Strong leaders may come in a variety of shapes and sizes with hugely different ideologies and beliefs but they all share traits that make them great. Learn to apply those traits to leading your own sales team to unparalleled success.
Salesforce recently made waves by acquiring up-and-coming data intelligence company RelateIQ in hopes of turning it into a R+D department to rival the Google[x] Labs. Here's SkyPlanner's take on the big acquisition.
Do you think you know Dreamforce? Take this quiz to find out how much you really know about the world's greatest cloud computing event.
He first spearheaded the launch of the highly-successful Service Cloud and now, as President of Products for salesforce.com, Alex Dayon is leading CIOs, CMOs, and even CEOs into the future.
It's not just the weather that people from Florida love. It's the work, too. Despite all its faults Florida trails only Texas among states whose residents tend to stay put when looking for employment.
Workplace stress is a vry real problem for many people around the world but our research has led us to a pretty surprising conclusion: much of the stress people experience within the walls of their offices stems from their own irrational fears and perceptions.


8GB of secure storage in the cloud.
Don't forget to have students LOG OFF after each session on both Live@Edu and the Computer!
Username and Password Worksheet - Use this worksheet to teach students how to formulate their usernames.
Acceptable Use Policy - This is the student and parent permission form. Students should complete it before provisioning their accounts.
Step-by-Step Live@Edu signup - This is the sheet referenced in the above video.
Coming soon! Keep Checking this page for updates!
Why are students being asked to enter their phone numbers and alternate emails? Some get this prompt and other don't.


Krazy mantra is a one-stop solution for all It Services. We analyze customer's requirement and give the best of best service to the client. We have huge Experience in Digital Marketing, Hardware and Networking, offshore and Onshore, and ERP solution. If you want Best It Service then Krazy Mantra Is the right place.


Taco Sr502 Wiring Diagram 4 Taco Circulator Pump Wiring - taco sr502 wiring diagram 4 from elsalvadorla.org. zone valve wiring installation & instructions guide to zone valve wiring hookups for hydronic hot water heating systems individual hydronic heating zone valve & control wiring notes by brand illustration the wiring diagram for the taco zvc 403 multiple zone valve controller . Tag : taco sr502 4 wiring diagram, taco sr501 4 wiring diagram, Taco Sr502 Wiring Diagram 4 Taco Circulator Pump Wiring.
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WILPF Australia notes in its response to the Foreign Affairs White Paper its disappointment that the White Paper has missed the opportunity to adopt a gendered lens in elucidating Australia's approach to security, peacebuilding and confliction prevention, especially in our own region.
In areas of particular interest to WILPF Australia - security and defence, diplomacy and 'soft power', and the Women Peace and Security Agenda - there are questionable claims and a limited focus.
WILPF sees current Australian government policies and practices, both domestic and foreign, as leaning towards increasingly militaristic approaches to dealing with threats.
We would like to see the development and implementation of policies and practices that emphasise peacebuilding over militarism and, crucially, ensure the participation of women in all such processes. This means looking at conflict prevention through different eyes including increasing the focus on disarmament and recognising the role of women in disarmament efforts. It is disappointing that so little attention has been paid to these aspects in the White Paper.
Australia is in the process of developing its second National Action Plan on Women, Peace and Security. WILPF Australia hopes the second National Action Plan will have the focus on a gender approach to security, peacebuilding and confliction prevention that the Foreign Affairs White Paper did not.
The announcement by the Turnbull Government that we, the citizens of Australia, are going to help finance the manufacturing of armaments for export is both a surprise and an outrage.
On moral grounds alone, this initiative is appalling. On practical grounds, there are also doubts that Australia will break into the top 10 of arms manufacturing exporters who include major states such as the US, UK and France, as suggested by Andrew Davies of the Australian Strategic Policy Institute in the Guardian (Australian government underwriting arms exports is 'baffling', expert says' The Guardian 31.01.18). Davies also points out that there is no apparent need for government financing in this industry, as there is currently adequate financing from private sources.
As an organisation focused on fostering peace and nonviolence, we, the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom Australia, strongly oppose any such move by the government. If the amount proposed –$3.8 billion- is available, it would better be used to support peace initiatives in our region. The need for a defence capability that apparently we cannot fully fund without exports is in effect an outcome produced by our buying into the increasing militarisation worldwide, and particularly in our region. This trend is a major threat to us all. There can be no better way to increase the level of violence worldwide than by increasing the spread of weapons – a principle much celebrated when the Howard government acted to limit gun ownership in Australia.
In the last decade most countries have increased their military expenditure. Global military spending in 2016 was USD 1686 billion – almost twelve times higher than development aid allocations from OECD-DAC countries of USD142.62 billion.
Are we so greedy that we want a piece of this sort of action that leads not to security but to perennial insecurity?
As citizens, we prefer to work with the potential for peace not the potential for war. We want our government to promote peace by supporting measures to disarm state actors, not feed them the means for further violence.
WILPF's international disarmament work is coordinated through its Reaching Critical Will program.
WILPF created Reaching Critical Will in 1999 in order to promote and facilitate engagement of non-governmental actors in UN processes related to disarmament.


text:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

  <groupId>com.spacesprockets</groupId>
  <artifactId>foo-bar</artifactId>
  <version>1.2.3</version>
  <packaging>jar</packaging>

  <build>
    <plugins>
      <plugin>
        <groupId>com.spotify</groupId>
        <artifactId>missinglink-maven-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
        <configuration>
          <excludeDependencies>
            <excludeDependency>
              <groupId>com.foobar</groupId>
              <artifactId>bizbat</artifactId>
            </excludeDependency>
          </excludeDependencies>
        </configuration>
      </plugin>
    </plugins>
  </build>
</project>

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: Permalinks so that one custom post type appears to be a child of another, not working Currently I have two post types, "products" and "products-data" they are separate post types; however, for all intents and purposes products-data is a child post of products. The relation is established via a meta element for products-data "parent" that will have a products post's post ID.
The "products-data" posts are created only one way --- a user clicks on a product in the products post type and enters data into a popup window. This uses wp_insert_post to create a products-data post and it adds a meta element "parent" with the value of the "products" post's ID. This data is displayed via a modal window if a user clicks on the product type.
I am trying to have their permalinks as follows:
Permalink schema for a "products" post (for this example this post's ID is 123):
http://example.com/products/new-product-1/
Permalink schema for a "products-data" post that has a meta key/value of parent=>123
http://example.com/products/new-product-1/information-product-data/
Here is the code I am using to register the post type and create rewrite rules; however, after adding this code and flushing my rewrite rules (settings>permalink) it works fine for a "products-data" post type BUT when I try to access a "products" post it displays the homepage for the WordPress site (N.B. this is not via redirect, the URL bar displays the "products" URL).
I am wondering if the issue is that the two permastructs appear that they can collide with each other, however there will never be an instance of this in practice due to the permastructs schema.
Any help would be greatly appreciated on how to resolve this.
Code:

add_action ( 'init', 'register_product_post_types' );
add_action ( 'init', 'products_add_rewrite_rules' );
add_filter ( 'post_type_link', 'products_permalinks', 10, 3 );

function register_product_post_types() {
    register_post_type( 'products',
        array(
                'supports' => array( 'title', 'editor', 'author',"custom-fields", "thumbnail", "excerpt", 'comments' ),
                'labels' => array(
                'name' => __( 'Products' ),
                'singular_name' => __( 'Products' )
            ),
        'public' => true,
        'has_archive' => false,
        'rewrite' => FALSE,
        )
    );

    register_post_type( 'products-data',
        array(
                'supports' => array( 'title', 'editor', 'author',"custom-fields" ),
                'labels' => array(
                'name' => __( 'Products-Data' ),
                'singular_name' => __( 'Products-Data' )
            ),
        'show_in_menu' =>'edit.php?post_type=products',
        'public' => true,
        'has_archive' => false,
        'rewrite' => FALSE,
        )
    );
}

function products_add_rewrite_rules() {
    global $wp_rewrite;
    $wp_rewrite->add_rewrite_tag('%products%', '([^/]+)', 'products=');
    $wp_rewrite->add_rewrite_tag('%products-data%', '([^/]+)', 'products-data=');
    $wp_rewrite->add_rewrite_tag('%parent%', '([^/]+)', 'parent=');
    $wp_rewrite->add_permastruct('products-data', '/products/%parent%/%products-data%', false);

}

function products_permalinks($permalink, $post, $leavename) {
    $no_data = 'no-data';
    $post_id = $post->ID;
    if($post->post_type != 'products-data' || empty($permalink) || in_array($post->post_status, array('draft', 'pending', 'auto-draft')))
        return $permalink;
    $data = sanitize_title(get_the_title(get_post_meta($post_id, 'parent', true)));
    if(!$data) $data = $no_data;
    $permalink = str_replace('%parent%', $data, $permalink);
    return $permalink;
}

A: See my answer here: https://wordpress.stackexchange.com/a/100486/12324.
The issue you're facing is that permastructs are adding multiple custom post types to the URL, which is confusing WordPress. You'll need to add your rewrite rules using add_rewrite_rule().


As a college freshman, I was excited to make the cut in my first Creative Writing course. I was the youngest student in a class full of juniors and seniors. My goal, even then, was to write commercial book-length fiction – particularly Romance and Fantasy novels.
When my Creative Writing professor learned that I was planning to major in Journalism – and that my long-term career goal was to write Romance – his attitude toward me became coldly condescending. For the first time in my life, I earned grades other than an "A" on my writing assignments. After acing Advanced Placement English to get into a Creative Writing course, those C- grades were devastating.
I didn't understand why my professor was singling me out as a journalist, and worse, as a fiction writer, by reading my assignments aloud and encouraging other students to deliver derisive critiques. Finally, I approached this professor after class. I demanded to know why he was treating my work differently than the work of other students.
I remember biting my tongue, taking a deep breath, and letting his comment sink in. Despite this man's off-putting behavior, it occurred to me that he was paying me a compliment. After all, I wanted to write like a Romance novelist. I wanted to be published in commercial fiction!
"That's all I need to know," I told him.
I dropped that class the next day.
When I am asked me why I'm so passionate about helping commercial fiction writers live their publishing dream, I found myself thinking about that Creative Writing professor. I wish I could tell you that he was a bad apple. Unfortunately, I've learned the hard way that there is an enormous schism between commercial writers and the individuals who consider themselves "literary" writers – and the problem isn't just at that school.
I reminded that young woman that commercial fiction writers – like J.K. Rowling, Nora Roberts, Tom Clancy, Janet Evanovich, Stephen King, Robert Jordan, and Orson Scott Card -- have carved out respected careers, are read by millions of adoring fans, and are making more money writing "pop fiction" than some Creative Writing Departments, in some institutes of Higher Learning, are allotted for their annual budgets!
On the bright side, I've received nothing but outpourings of kindness from published, commercial fiction writers. When I lived in Houston, Texas, I was blessed to meet great talents who took time away from their own writing projects to read my manuscripts, suggest improvements, and answer my questions. If you read Romance, you'll recognize many of their names: Susan Wiggs, Barbara Dawson Smith, Christina Dodd, Jennifer Blake, Arnette Lamb, and Jackie Weger.
After I moved to Austin, I was invited to join a critique group that included Harlequin authors Patricia Wynn, Cara West, and Pamela Ingram.
I am absolutely certain that I would NOT be published today if these published authors had not given so generously of their time and knowledge – not just about writing, but about the business of writing: how to choose a literary agent, how to pitch a book to an editor, how to work with cover artists, how to promote a novel.
I vowed that I would someday give back to the writing community the way that my published mentors had given to me. That's why I created my website, WritingNovelsThatSell.com. And that's why I'm so passionate about educating commercial fiction writers to discern the difference between a story critique that is based on fundamental "Rules of Writing," and a story critique that is based on personal bias or Urban Myth.


text:
module Houston::Releases
  class ApplicationController < ::ApplicationController
    layout "houston/releases/application"
    helper Houston::Releases::ReleaseHelper
  end
end


text:
Daft Punk's joy: One more time, please
By Elizabeth Wentworth
So I'm driving along one day listening to some Daft Punk, and I start realizing that their songs are really repetitive, and yet, it doesn't bother me. So I start thinking, why doesn't it bother me? This is what I discovered.
All popular music is repetitive — not only within a song, or band or genre, but basically within all modern music that doesn't fall under the category of "intellectual" music. All popular music follows predictable forms and tonal trajectories, making it incredibly repetitive on the whole.
Daft Punk doesn't do this. Their songs are unlike other popular songs. They use techniques that separate their music into its own sort of world.
Maybe the best way to see how this works is to walk through a song. Perhaps one of their most repetitive songs, "Alive," can best demonstrate how this repetition is so incomprehensibly refreshing.
The song starts out with just a pounding beat and at some indistinguishable point, about 17 seconds in, a new sort of swishy drum sound starts looping with the beat. The two sounds keep repeating until about 1:04 when they are joined by a guitar, which starts playing five notes over and over along with two alternating guitar notes in the background.
The two alternating notes start increasing in their prominence and at about two minutes (1:49) in the swishing drum part almost completely drops out, and suddenly everything sounds a little hollow. It is about at this point that you might realize that you were listening to something repetitive — the sudden but subtle change is enough to give the listener a sense of desire for more.
Also, it's at this point that you realize that the song is simple and slowly and subtly changing. It is these very subtle changes that keep the music just fresh enough to prevent it from being too repetitive.
Continuing with the song, about 15 seconds after the drums change, the drumbeat becomes less pounding, though still very pulse-like. All the while different layers of the music are fighting out for dominance creating waves of slowly altering sound.
Then at 2:58 the drums drop out and it's like the world was pulled out from under your feet and for fifteen seconds you fall — until 3:13 when we get our pulse back. The timbre of the instruments slowly changes and somehow, through the repetitiveness give clues to the subtle changes in the song.
Again from 3:43 to 3:51 we lose the beat, but this time it seems to be okay; instead of feeling lost, it's like a moment of free falling.
At 4:41, the layers and timbres shift again, just ever so slightly keeping what would otherwise become monotonous, fresh. At about 5:00 the drums drop out for good, leaving just the bass to carry on the pulse to the end.
See, Daft Punk's music is composed of various layers all of which are subtly shifting throughout the song. Sometimes it is only the dynamics of the different layers that change, sometimes it is their timbre, sometimes both.
Like much of "popular music," Daft Punk's songs can become repetitive at times, but this is actually part of what makes them refreshing.
I have to admit that part of the reason why I chose "Alive" is because I used to be so prejudiced against it. It would always come up on my iPod after "Aerodynamic," and I couldn't get past the repetitive, pounding beat. One day, I had my iPod on and was busy cleaning and couldn't skip the song. I could not believe what I'd been missing.
Don't get me wrong, not every Daft Punk song feels like a release from the monotony of popular music. For example, I think I'd rather poke out my own eyes than listen to "Technologic" — in this case, the repetitive nature of Daft Punk is not so much refreshing as it is annoying.
Still, in all, the band provides a much needed antithesis to popular music.
Shuttle swipe requirement begins Feb. 1
By Rachel Caren on Jan 29, 2023
Upcoming changes to shuttle service will require riders to swipe their ID cards to enter the shuttle, according to the University's Director of Transportation and Parking Jim Chodak.
Recruitment is a time of both confusion and excitement, both from those who choose to rush and those who do not, but this period also included learning and adjustment on the sides of Panhellenic executive members and sisters participating in running recruitment as well.