The Mishnah (Sanhedrin 7:11; Sanhedrin 67a) states "The sorcerer (hamekhasef)-one who performs an act is culpable but not one who deceives the eyes (oches haenayim) literally "one who takes hold of the eyes"). Rabbi Akiba says in the name of Rabbi Joshua: "If two men gathered cucumbers "by sorcery" one may not be culpable but the other culpable. The one who actually performed the act is culpable but the one who only deceived the eyes is not culpable." This Mishnah defines the culpability of the sorcerer for death by stoning (Exodus 22:17; Deuteronomy 18:10). A distinction is made between the sorcerer who performs the act of gathering cucumbers into one place by a magical act and one who merely deceives the onlookers that the magical act has been performed.
Mentioned together with the mekhashef in. Deuteronomy 18:10, is the meonen), and there is a discussion (Sanhedrin 65b) among the Tannaim on the definition of the meonen. The Sages hold that meonen is one who deceives the eyes a play on the word meonen, connecting this with the word for 'eye', ayin).
Commenting on the law of the mekhashef in the Mishnah, Abbaye (278-338) remarks (Sanhedrin 6713) that with regard to magical practices there are three separate categories: (1) The actual performance of the magical act, for which, as the Mishnah states, there is full culpability. (2) Deceiving the eyes, for which there is no full culpability but which is nonetheless forbidden, according to Abbaye. (3) White magic, performed by a perusal of the Sefer Yetzirah ("Book of Creation") i.e. to bring something into being by means of certain divine names. It is permitted to use these supernatural means even in the first instance. Thus, resort to white magic is permitted; to deceive the eyes is forbidden but there is no culpability, and to perform by sorcery a magical act is to be culpable.
The meaning of ochez et haenayim is none too clear. Does it mean that the wizard casts a spell on the onlookers so that their eyes mislead them? If this the meaning, why is the wizard not culpable for the act of casting the spell? What difference is there between this act and that of gathering the cucumbers? Possibly, the distinction is that the cucumbers are actually gathered together, whereas in the case of the spell there is no physical change in nature. It is unlikely that ochez et haenayim refers to some form of hypnotism, though such a meaning cannot be ruled out entirely. It is also possible that the term refers to some kind of sleight of hand, although it is difficult to see how this can cause the cucumbers to come together in one place, unless it means that the wizard succeeds in fooling the onlookers by substituting somehow for the cucumbers growing in the field other cucumbers he had previously gathered together in preparation for his "act".
If, however, ochez et haenayim means the casting of a spell in the case of nzeonen and mere sleight of hand in the case of the mekhashef in the Mishnah, the whole passage can possibly be understood as follows. The mekhashef, for whom the penalty is death, is one who actually performs the magical act. If he did it by sleight of hand he is not culpable, though, according to Abbaye, he has committed an offence, albeit one for which there is no penalty. If he cast a spell to deceive the onlookers, he would still not be guilty as a mekhashef since he had not performed the type of act that would make him a mekhashef. But the casting of the spell does constitute the act required to make him a meonen whose penalty is a flogging. But the difficulty remains why, if there are two different types, the same term should be used for both.
Maimonides' statements on the whole question present difficulties of their own. On mekhashef Maimonides writes: (Avodah Zarah 11:15): `The mekhashef is to be stoned to death. This only applies where he performed a magical act. But one who deceives the eyes "ochez et haenayim", namely, one who makes it seem as if he has done something but, in reality, has not done anything, he is to be flogged by Rabbinic law (makkat mardut)' . And yet, in connection with the meonen Maimonides writes (Avodah Zarah 11:4): 'And so, too, one who deceives the eyes "ochez et haenayim" by causing onlookers to imagine that he has performed an amazing thing which he has not really performed, this is also included (among other things Maimonides mentions) under the heading of meonen, and he is flogged!
On meonen Maimonides states further in his Sefer ha-Mitzvot (ed, Warsaw, 1883 negative precepts, No.32): 'In the language of the Sages this is called a type of ochezey haenayim meaning a clever trick performed by rapid hand movements so that it appears to the onlookers that he has done things which have no reality, as we see such people do all the time. They take a rope, place it in a corner of their robe and produce a snake. Or they throw a ring into the air and then produce it from the mouth of a bystander. All such things, resembling the acts of the magicians well-known to the masses, are forbidden.
One who does this called a deceiver of the eyes and it is a type of magic, which is why he is to be flogged. In addition he is guilty of misleading people gonev daat haberiot and great is the loss he causes. For when fools, women and children depict to themselves as existing in reality when those things are really impossible, it is very harmful, causing them to believe that the impossible is possible, Understand this'.
In Maimonides the matter is further complicated by his rationalistic view (Avodah Zarah 11:16) that all claims to be able to perform acts contrary to nature are bogus. The Torah does not forbid the practice of magic because magic really works but because resort to magic is irrational and associated with idolatry. But if that is the case, how does Maimonides differentiate between the act, for which there is culpability, and the mere deception, for which there is no culpability, since the act itself is also only a deception? And there is the further difficulty of why Maimonides states with regard to the deception practised by the meonen that the magician is to be flogged by biblical law (as a meonen) and yet with regard to the deception practised by the mekhashef Maimonides states that there is only a flogging by rabbinic law.
When we turn to the Shulchan Aruch (Yoreh De'Ah 179:15) we find the ruling that ochez et haenyim is forbidden but that it is permitted to perform 'white magic' by means of the Sefer Yetzirah.
It must be realised that all the above is stated in the context of magical practices. Even Maimonides, who holds that it is all sheer pretence and deception in any event, speaks of a pretence to perform supernatural acts, as is clear from his observation in the Sefer ha-Mitzvot about not giving the credulous an opportunity to treat the impossible as if it were possible. Conjurers, today, make no claim that they perform their tricks by supernatural means and their audience is fully aware that it is all no more than a skilled performance. The conjurer is only a "magician" in the show business sense. It is true that R. Abraham Danzig (1748-1820), in his Hochmat Adam (Josephaf, 1851, Klal 75:4) quotes Maimonides' remarks in the Sefer ha-Mitzvot and applies them to the badchanim who perform tricks at weddings and holds these to be guilty of a biblical offence, but it is improbable that this is the implication of Maimonides' statement.
Rabbi M.D. Halevi, Sephardi Chief Rabbi of Tel Aviv, in his radio programme on Jewish law, gave the ruling that conjuring tricks are permitted. A listener questioned this ruling because of Maimonides' statement on ochez et haenayim. But Rabbi Halevi defends his ruling in his Responsa collection, Aseh Lecha Ray (Vol. II, Tel-Aviv, 1978, No.44, pp. 160-66). Rabbi Halevi's analysis of the question differs from mine but he comes to the same conclusion that, contra Abraham Danzig, conjuring tricks do not involve any religious offence whatsoever, Halevi quotes Israel Lipschitz (1782-1860), who, in his Commentary to the Mishnah, Tiferet Yisrael (to Sanhedrin 7:11), understands ochez et haenayim as referring to a magician who uses demonic powers to produce this effect but no offence is committed by an illusionist; who uses ordinary human skills to produce his effects.
It might be noted that even Abraham Danzig who forbids conjuring tricks, sees no objection to a non-Jew doing them and to Jews watching the performance.
Finally reference should be made to the recently published Teshuvot ve-Hanhagot Jer., 1986, No.455, p. 159) by Rabbi Moshe Sternbuch, who reports, in the name of his father-in-law, that R. Isaiah Karelitz, the Chazon Ish, said that conjuring tricks have nothing to do with the prohibition of magical practices since everyone knows that the magician is simply using his natural skills. Sternbuch says that in practice he always requests the conjurer to tell his audience beforehand that no real magic is involved. It is doubtful whether such a prior declaration is really necessary.


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Royal Wedding 2018: Everything You Need To Know About Prince Harry's Marriage To Meghan Markle
trending 4/27/18
As a young man, Prince Harry was the rebellious playboy who often caused scandals for the royal family, despite his honorable service in the Royal Armed Services. But the United Kingdom's most eligible bachelor eventually found love with Suits actress Meghan Markle. It's the second time in history that a member of the British royal family has chosen to marry an American, but this time the Queen seems to be okay with the couple breaking many traditions. From the dress to what the couple requested for gifts, here's everything you need to know about the royal wedding. Will Meghan's dad be there to walk her down the aisle?
A Saturday Royal Wedding Is Not Common
Photo Credit: Karwai Tang/WireImage
The royal wedding of 2018 will already go against tradition because of the decision to marry on a Saturday. Per tradition, royal weddings typically take place on a weekday, but the date is set for May 19, 2018. The date for Saturday inconveniences best man Prince William, who usually presents the trophy at the FA Cup final at Wembley which is on the same day.
It's suspected that this date was chosen to accommodate William's wife, Kate Middleton. The Duchess of Cambridge gave birth to her third child on April 23, 2018, and is expected to be well enough to attend the May wedding.
meghan markle Prince Harry royal wedding wedding

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


A 50 word paragraph (try to make it exactly 50 words) including economical, waver, debonair, transgress.
through words, worlds, relationships, neighbour's back yard. This is also the theme for the Going West Festival, and for the combined writing groups' anthology project. In that context, you may want to produce a short story up to about 1500 words and read a ;piece of it at the meeting, or you may decide to tacklke the theme in a poem, that fits the parameters of the project.
A 50 word paragraph including knit, drool, indexation, desiccated.
interpretations, so do your best.
A 50 word paragraph including fortunate, fame, radius, telephone.
A short story up to 500 words: It was a day to remember.
the perspective of the cat.


text:
Filters: Author is M. S. Townsend [Clear All Filters]
J. A. Henning and Townsend, M. S., "Field-Based Estimates of Heritability and Genetic Correlations in Hop", Crop Science, vol. 45, no. 4, p. 1469, 2005.
M. S. Townsend and Henning, J. A., "Potential Heterotic Groups in Hop as Determined by AFLP Analysis", Crop Science, vol. 45, no. 5, p. 1901, 2005.
J. A. Henning, Haunold, A., Townsend, M. S., Gent, D. H., and Parker, T. B., "Registration of 'Teamaker' Hop", Journal of Plant Registrations, vol. 2, no. 1, p. 13, 2008.
M. S. Townsend and Henning, J. A., "AFLP Discrimination of Native North American and Cultivated Hop", Crop Science, vol. 49, no. 2, p. 600, 2009.
M. S. Townsend, "American Hops, History", in Companion to Beer., Oxford University Press, Inc., 2011.
M. S. Townsend and Henning, J. A., "Ancestry and Genetic Variation in Hop Development", in Hop Flavor and Aroma, Proc. 1st Int. Brew. Symp., Master Brew. Assoc. of America, 2011.
T. Shellhammer and Townsend, M. S., "Aphids", in Companion to Beer, Oxford University Press, Inc., 2011.
C. Holliland and Townsend, M. S., "Bere (barley)", in Companion to Beer, Oxford University Press, Inc., 2011.
M. S. Townsend, "Brewer's Gold (hop)", in Companion to Beer, Oxford University Press, Inc., 2011.
M. S. Townsend, "Bullion (hop)", in Companion to Beer, Oxford University Press Inc., 2011.
M. S. Townsend, "Comet (hop)", in Oxford University Press, Inc., 2011.
M. S. Townsend, "Fuggle (hop)", in Companion to Beer, Oxford University Press, Inc., 2011.
M. S. Townsend, "Galena (hop)", in Compantion to Beer, Oxford University Press, Inc., 2011.
M. S. Townsend and Shellhammer, T., "Hop Breeding", in Companion to Beer, Oxford University Press, Inc, 2011.
M. S. Townsend, "Nugget (hop)", in Companion to Beer, Oxford University Press Inc, 2011.
M. S. Townsend, "Sterling (hop)", in Companion to Beer, Oxford University Press, Inc., 2011.
J. A. Henning, Gent, D. H., Twomey, M. C., Townsend, M. S., Pitra, N. J., and Matthews, P. D., "Genotyping-by-sequencing of a bi-parental mapping population segregating for downy mildew resistance in hop (Humulus lupulus L.)", Euphytica, vol. 20, no. 32, pp. 545 - 559, 2016.
J. A. Henning, Gent, D. H., Townsend, M. S., Woods, J. L., Hill, S. T., and Hendrix, D., "QTL analysis of resistance to powdery mildew in hop (Humulus lupulus L.)", Euphytica, vol. 21, no. 41, 2017.


text:
Reluctant Habits
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The Shameful Gaslighting of Bernie Sanders
Why I Don't Think Elizabeth Warren Can Win
The Unbearable Stupidity of Chris Cillizza
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A List of Music Cues in Ducks, Newburyport
Tag / Zadie Smith
October 20, 2010 June 24, 2012 by Edward Champion
Zadie Smith: The Literary Material Girl
There are many unpardonable qualities within Zadie Smith's recent New Yorker confessional, which should bother anyone who has even a shred of empathy for anyone making less than $50,000 a year.
Charity, sand-george, Smith, Zadie
Armand Barbès, charity, george sand, New Yorker, Zadie Smith
There is the embarrassment in Zadie Smith blabbering about a very private matter with a "friend" in a very public magazine (did further calumny emerge when the New Yorker's notoriously thorough fact checkers contacted this woman?). There is Zadie Smith's callousness in collecting a loan from someone who is clearly impoverished (particularly when the money was "no skin off my nose," as Zadie Smith reports; it is certainly "no skin off my nose" to buy a homeless man a sandwich from time to time, but one would never consider asking for the sandwich back). There is Zadie Smith using her privileged position as a New Yorker contributor, where she will collect a check she really doesn't need for an article in which her friend receives no compensation (indeed, if anyone who knows both Zadie Smith and "Christine" connect the dots, Zadie Smith's friend actually loses some "value" in this Faustian bargain). Zadie Smith characterizes her previous self as "a working-class girl who'd happened upon money" with her "essential character unchanged," which sets up Zadie Smith, a 34-year-old debutante, to come out to her discreetly charming bourgeoisie demographic. (We do know that Zadie Smith attended the Franzen party, where she was "surrounded" by Nathan Englander, Mark Ronson, and Patrick McGrath. It would be difficult indeed to detect blue-collar bonhomie from this bunch.)
In short, Zadie Smith has written a tremendously insensitive article that is essentially the confession of a selfish and stingy ablutomaniac who seems to possess little desire in comprehending the motivations of anyone outside her bubble. This is the same novelist ("Fail Better!") who confessed that she couldn't write fiction after reading David Shields's Reality Hunger, but who didn't even have the guts to stand by her words — much as she didn't have the nerve years ago to stand by her characterization of England as "a disgusting place". (Go to the Guardian site now and you'll see that the Shields article "has been removed as our copyright has expired." And isn't it interesting that this essay, published in The Guardian, on November 21, 2009, didn't appear in the paperback version of Changing My Mind, while there's no such problem with other essays published at The Guardian. One expects such cowardly backtracking from an army of publicists surrounding an overly protective Hollywood actor.)
But it's this George Sand mess that I feel the overwhelming need to clean up. From Zadie Smith's article:
Until this episode, I'd thought of myself as a working-class girl who'd happened upon money, my essential character unchanged. But money is not neutral; it changes everything, including the ability to neutrally judge what people will or will not do for it. George Sand: "Charity degrades those who receive it and hardens those who dispense it." Well, it needn't, but it does the way I do it.
Forget the split infinitive. The Sand quote, which Zadie Smith has lazily leeched from the shaky Thinkexist.com website, doesn't appear in five editions of Bartlett's Quotations that I consulted. And that's because the quote doesn't really come from Sand, but from a character within La Comtesse de Rudolstadt: a youthful-looking, middle-aged Zingara with a beautiful guitar beneath her cloak who is trying to express how she lives and relates to other people. Zadie Smith (like many self-published quotation books before her) leaves out a key part of the passage she's quoting from. Here is the appropriate context:
Charity degrades those who receive it and hardens those who dispense it. All that is not a true exchange will disappear in the future society. We, I and my mate, practice that exchange and so enter the ideal.
This specific translated phrasing can be found in Joseph Amber Barry's Infamous Woman: The Life of George Sand (New York: Doubleday, 1978), 284. Barry quotes from a three volume edition that was published in Paris in 1959. Regrettably, he doesn't indicate whether or not this is his own particular translation from the French. (There was a three volume Classiques Garnier edition of La Comtesse de Rudolstadt published in 1959.) But other translations of the same passage suggest that Sand was getting at much more than some facile "leave them out in the cold because they won't appreciate your succor" philosophy, as implied by Zadie Smith, the self-declared "financial illiterate."
Here is the Gretchen Jane Van Slyke translation: "We, on the other hand, we have no need of the rich man's money, we're not begging; alms demean the receiver and harden the giver. Everything that is not exchange must disappear in future society. In the meantime, God allows my husband and me to practice that life of exchange and thereby to partake of the ideal."
The Francis G. Shaw translation: "As for ourselves, we have no need of the money of the rich; we do not beg; alms debase him who receives and harden him who gives. All that is not exchange must disappear from the society of the future. In the meanwhile God permits us, my husband and myself, to practice this life of exchange and thus enter into the ideal."
The Frank H. Potter translation: "We do not need the money of the rich, we do not beg; alms degrade those who receive them and harden those who give them. All that is not an exchange should disappear from the society of the future. Meanwhile, God permits my husband and me to practice this exchange, and thus to enter into the ideal."
The Sand quote is one of the article's most irresponsible components. For it paints George Sand — a literary figure who was very much concerned with charity — as a Reagan Republican. Let the bums starve on the streets. They'll feel degraded anyway. And you, the benign charity giver, will harden your heart. It's all about money, which isn't neutral. Etcetera.
This clearly isn't what the Zingara suggests at all. The rather idealistic viewpoint being promulgated by Sand's characters is that all actions should be predicated upon exchange and that life, which does involve giving and receiving, would be more manageable with mutual consideration.
Zadie Smith chooses to view her exchange with her "friend" Christine as one that is centered around material goods. Give the "loan" to a friend and ask for the money back, rather than give the "loan" to a friend because it is the kind thing to do. Whoops! It was never about giving the money back. Christine then performs the charity of forgiving Zadie Smith, perhaps hoping that Zadie Smith will learn that what she did was extremely shitty. A fair enough exchange. But Zadie Smith hasn't learned at all. Zadie Smith feels "degraded." So Zadie Smith seeks a new form of exchange by memorializing this incident for the New Yorker in a professional capacity, where, presumably, others reading the incident will be able to pay this "exchange" forward. But it's not really an exchange at all, because Zadie Smith will be remunerated materially for her inhumane solecism.
Writers routinely mine from their own personal experience. This has been true of artists as far back as Lascaux. But George Sand was very clear about how charity factored into her craft. Here is her epigraph to her autobiography, Story of My Life:
Charity before others; Dignity towards oneself; Sincerity before God. Such is the epigraph of the book I undertake. — April 15, 1847
The date is only five years after she had written La Comtesse de Rudolstad.
In an October 28th, 1854 letter, Sand would write to Armand Barbès:
But let me tell you what my sentiments are. There are actions which are beautiful and good. Charity may impose silence upon honor itself. I do not mean real honor, that which we keep intact and serene in the depths of our conscience, but visible and brilliant honor, honor as a work of art and as an historical glory. (Emphasis in original)
Barbès, of course, was an opponent of the July Monarchy — a period in French history when the haute bourgeoisie very much dealt the cards. When the Society for the Rights of Man was broken up by the police, Barbès created the Society of Avengers and was thrown into prison. There was also the Society of Seasons. In 1849, Barbès was sentenced to life imprisonment after attempting to bring down Auguste Blanqui, a one-time revolutionary collaborator who had become his enemy.
Barbès was, as many histories have shown, a fiery and colorful character. Sand was a friend. She was responding to Barbès's sentiment ("I acted in a moment of surprise, when thinking more of my own interests than of those in the cause") in relation to the Blanqui incident. She knew Barbès to be capable of charity.
In a May 11th, 1861 letter, Sand would write to her cousin Pauline Villot, in reference to the possibility of the Academic Francaise proposing Sand as a candidate for the Gobert prize:
I should not think it honest to accept a charity to which others in worse circumstances have real claims. Should the Academy accord me the prize, I would accept it, not without regret, but so as not to pose defiantly and to allow the morality of my works (which are said to be immoral) being openly declared. (Emphasis in original)
In other words, should any writer accept a great honor, they should view the honor as a form of exchange. The charity should be reciprocal. And as far as Sand was concerned, that reciprocity extended to not delimiting the morality contained within her work.
Aside from her experiential blunder, why then is Zadie Smith showing so little charity to the intricate moral questions contained within George Sand's work? Why does Zadie Smith show so much dishonor not only to her friend, but the moral possibilities of writing?
It is because Zadie Smith does not appear to understand this vital "exchange" component of charity. It is because Zadie Smith blithely assumes that the New Yorker readership does too. It is because Zadie Smith has given George Sand a superficial read.
One must therefore ask how Zadie Smith will be able to take up the Harper's New Books column with anything less than self-serving motivations. One of Zadie Smith's predecessors — the late John Leonard, who wrote the same Harper's column for many years — objected in 2007 to the sense of opportunism and entitlement that afflicted so many young critics. But now those young critics are growing up. Like Zadie Smith, the critics who remain entitled now approach writing not as a calling, but as a way to declare how little they care for viewpoints outside their own. That isn't charity by any definition. It's a writing approach that has the rare distinction of both degrading and hardening its practitioners.
February 8, 2008 February 8, 2008 by Edward Champion
Conscience and Integrity
Criticism, Edward Champion, Judgment, Reading, Zadie Smith
He was a passionate devotee of David Foster Wallace, Rick Moody, and many others who he sensed were writing the Great American Novel. He made acquaintances with a few of his heroes, attending workshops and the like. And he spent eleven years working on his novel. Because he needed his novel to be perfect. To his mind, this was the only way he could live up.
He didn't realize that great novels — and indeed great art — often happen by accident. By routine. By turning around work and getting better at what you do. Even the best ball players can't hit a homerun every time. He caused himself and a number of other people close to him some grief. It's all there in Chip McGrath's article. And it will all be there in a forthcoming installment of The Bat Segundo Show.
I bring Charles Bock up in light of Carrie Frye and David Ulin's responses to the Zadie Smith controversy. Both suggest that Zadie Smith's decision was exacted with, respectively, conscience and integrity. Anyone who writes knows that writing can be a tough and unrelenting business. That you're going to get "no" (or, more often, no reply at all) more often than you get "yes." Which is why it's important to keep on writing and not let anyone stand in your way.
Now it's certainly important to demand the best out of people, no matter how small the stakes. When friends and acquaintances offer me their manuscripts, they know damn well that I'm going to be hard and ruthless with their words. Writing is too important to be taken for granted.
But I believe that it's also important to be encouraging with people who have the basic nuts and bolts. To leave some wiggle room for another writer to work out a problem and to find her voice in her own way. To encourage a writer, particularly a good one, to carry on writing, however difficult the process, however much the writer's writing may not speak to you, and whatever the extant fallacies you perceive. The only way that a writer can get better at writing is to look that white whale right in the eye. To produce without fear of judgment and without fear of failure, but with an upturned ear. Judgment and failure come with the territory.
A wholesale dismissal of a manuscript without reason is less helpful than an honest and reasonable excoriation, which might provide the writer some clues on how to get better or where the writer went wrong with one person. Writing, like many things in life, benefits from failure as well as success. So I can find little conscience and integrity to Zadie Smith's actions. Had she bothered to highlight the deficiencies of these manuscripts using very specific examples — and, for that matter, had the print people damning blogs used very specific examples — we might be having a pugnacious but ultimately well-intentioned discussion. But Zadie Smith, lest we forget, is just one voice. She is not the final arbiter of taste. The very idea that art must be perfect fails to take Michelangelo's maxim into account: "The true work of art is but a shadow of the divine perfection."
Casablanca, you may recall, was just another studio picture. Picasso was frighteningly prolific. On the Road was written in three weeks. Dostoevsky quite famously wrote his novella, "The Gambler," because he had to meet a crazed deadline in order to meet his debts.
The Charles Bocks of our world are left to sweat when they might benefit from writing with a sense of urgency. They continue in this way because instead of being true to their voices, they feel the need to adhere to some ridiculously high standard proscribed by others. When the high standards should come primarily from the artist, guided in large part by an intuitive subconscious.
So what role then is the critic or the judge? I think Mencken was pretty close:
A catalyzer, in chemistry, is a substance that helps two other substances to react. For example, consider the case of ordinary cane sugar and water. Dissolve the sugar in water and nothing happens. But add a few drops of acid and the sugar changes to glucose and fructose. Meanwhile, the acid itself is absolutely unchanged. All it does is to stir up the reaction between the water and the sugar. The process is called catalysis. The acid is a catalyzer.
Well, this is almost exactly the function of a genuine critic of the arts. It is his business to provoke the reaction between the work of art and the spectator. The spectator, untutored, stands unmoved; he sees the work of art, but it fails to make any intelligible impression on him; if he were spontaneously sensitive to it, there would be no need for criticism. But now comes the critic with his catalysis. He makes the work of art live for the spectator; he makes the spectator live for the work of art. Out of the process comes understanding, appreciation, intelligent enjoyment — and that is precisely what the artist tried to produce.
Breaking News: Snobbery Ain't Cute
Edward Champion, Laziness, Reading Contests, Zadie Smith
Dear Zadie Smith:
Well, this isn't a difficult thing to write. Because the kind of sanctimonious attitude you espouse with your open letter really doesn't tell us the whole story.* Really, what happened here? Did you actually read all of the entries? Or did you shoot them down on sight because the first sentence wasn't some florid specimen of "originality?" You know, "One may as well begin with Jerome's e-mails to his father" wasn't exactly the kind of sentence I'd write home about. (And neither, for that matter, was Forster's original line.) But I gave On Beauty a chance and stuck it out, despite its cheap reliance upon coincidence and a few implausible relationships, and I enjoyed it. But I gotta say that it took some hubris there to rewrite Howard's End. Almost as cocky as Gus Van Sant remaking Psycho shot-for-shot. But then you're Zadie Smith. And, hey, it won you the Orange Prize and got you on the Booker shortlist. And I'm just some crazed blogger who writes on a medium that you won't deign to capitalize.
Anyway, this isn't about your novels, which I think are fantastic. This is about something else. I don't have a prize to hand out. I'm just a guy who likes literature. And I too look for quality and am known to masticate upon wretched manuscripts when the cupboards aren't stocked with trusty tins and I feel a pressing need to be tortured by a dentist. But if you honestly believe that not one manuscript out of hundreds was worth something, then just what the sam hill were you doing judging a contest anyway? I mean, I thought that I was Mr. Crankypants. But you take the cake! And apparently you want others to eat it too.
So let's conduct ourselves a little basic math here. There were 800 stories in this contest. And let's say that the average length of each story was roughly ten pages a piece. So we've got ourselves 8,000 pages total. That's a lot of reading material, I know. But let's be utterly brutal and cut it down to 1%. That's eighty pages left. Or eight stories out of 600. If you want to say .05%, that's four stories. Surely, even you, Ms. Smith, in your hard-pressed quest for "quality" could cop to .05% of all the material coming in being worth something. Surely, even you, Ms. Smith, could count one sentence in that crop as amazing.
So you and the judges don't want to read all the other crap that comes in. Okay, that's cool. But surely you understand that when you sign on to judge a reading contest, inevitably, you're going to have to wade through a morass to get to the really good stuff. This is, incidentally, what an editor of a literary journal has to do. And, by editor, we're not talking about asking top talent, who could write amazing things in their sleep if they had to, to submit stories for The Book of Other People. We're not talking about having Dave Eggers email you some article that you simply say yes to for The Best American Nonrequired Reading. We're talking about real editing by aspiring writers, good and bad, who want to be published. The kind of pull-up-your-dungarees-and-wade-into-the-septic-tank hard labor that involves vertiginous slush piles. Oh, they're nightmarish. But if you're a glass-is-half-full kind of person and you have even a remote love of literature, you'll know that every now and then, something good comes through. And it makes the job worthwhile. Do you think you're exempt from this basic vocational reality because you're Zadie Smith?
And incidentally, who are you to complain about "pseudo-literary fictio-tainment" when your dear husband offered just that with Utterly Monkey? Not that I have any problem with "pseudo-literary" offerings. But I'm just saying.
Really, Zadie honey, you're in your thirties now. You really should know better than this. Particularly after all the trouble you got into by declaring England "a disgusting place." (Aha! A common theme here!) But if this is really one of those cases where you vant to be alone, then please, just stay away from journalists and judging reading contests and concentrate your attentions on what you're really good at: writing novels.
Edward Champion
* — The "whole story" was, incidentally, relayed by Bilal Ghafoor — if indeed this is the "whole story" and not just another case of CYA.


Hobbies/Interests: The outdoors – hiking, kayaking, backpacking. My golden retriever, Toby.
Travels/Languages: I lived in Ecuador for 4 years and have traveled in Central America. I am fluent in Spanish.
Likes About Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC: Location in a great city. Friendly, fun people!


Ziegler, a privately held investment bank, is pleased to announce the publication of its new white paper, "Deconstructing the Telehealth Industry: Part II," authored by Grant Chamberlain, Ziegler's resident virtual care expert.
Grant Chamberlain, Managing Director in Ziegler's Corporate Finance Healthcare Practice, published an in-depth white paper in 2016 deconstructing the virtual care industry to help healthcare providers, executives, investors, employers, legislators, payors and consumers understand the industry's full potential. Now, he has developed an updated version which brings to light some of the latest trends and best use cases in the industry.
With over 20 years of investment banking experience, Grant Chamberlain has advised several of the most innovative virtual care companies, including AirStrip, IRIS, MDLIVE and Voalte. Prior to Ziegler, Grant led the mHealth sector coverage at Raymond James – which included telehealth, remote monitoring and wireless healthcare solutions – after spending 15 years advising HCIT and tech-enabled outsource services companies on a broad variety of M&A, joint ventures/partnerships and private financings. He is an elected Director of the American Telemedicine Association, the leading international advocate for the use of advanced remote medical technologies. Additionally, he is on the Board of Directors for the MAVEN Project, which uses virtual care and a network of volunteer physicians affiliated with the nation's foremost medical school alumni associations to improve healthcare for underserved populations.
Ziegler's Corporate Finance team is focused on delivering best-in-class advisory and financing solutions for companies and organizations across the healthcare industry. In our core practice areas of healthcare services, information technology, hospitals and senior living, Ziegler is one of the most active M&A firms offering innovative sell-side, buy-side, recapitalization/restructuring, equity private placement and strategic partnering services.
To obtain a copy of the white paper, please visit: http://www.ziegler.com/telehealth-part-ii.
Certain comments in this news release represent forward-looking statements made pursuant to the provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. This client's experience may not be representative of the experience of other clients, nor is it indicative of future performance or success. The forward-looking statements are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties, in particular, the overall financial health of the securities industry, the strength of the healthcare sector of the U.S. economy and the municipal securities marketplace, the ability of the Company to underwrite and distribute securities, the outcome of pending litigation and the ability to attract and retain qualified employees.


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In 2007, Henrik Fisker was found Fisker Automobile, this company is one of the world's first production plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. In 2008, Fisker was launched the first models called Fisker Karma. Excellent design and advanced technology was attracting many famous customers, such as Bill Gates and Leonardo DiCaprio. The same in 2008, Fisker was launched two concept cars are Tramonto and Latigo CS but they are not production. Since Fisker with another famous American electric vehicles manufacturer Tesla was born in California at the same time, and both are based on the production of ultra-luxury electric vehicles ran way into the U.S. auto industry, both sides take the high road, Tesla's the first car Roadster and Fisker's first production car Karma's starting price is around $ 100,000, design of the two cars are also very excellent, there is one thing in common is that both when the company's first electric supercar market, a lot of American celebrities have been snapped up, has a very broad social impact, but now the development of Tesla's heyday, Fisker was crumbling, to the brink of bankruptcy.
So how Fisker was bankruptcy? That has a great relationship with Fisker's bad luck. Fisker Karma, twice spontaneous combustion, twice recalled. Later, in a hurricane disaster soaked by seawater on its New York warehouse 300 new electric vehicles, the direct economic losses of up to $ 32 million. And the water-soaked electric car and somehow spontaneous combustion occurred. We all know that, for electric cars, consumers are most afraid of hearing the word is spontaneous combustion. Continuous spontaneous combustion accident on Fisker electric car, basically ruined their sales.
In addition, the senior leaders in Fisker was changed. Although its founder Henrik Fisker ˙ is a very good car designer, now worked at BMW. He was designed Aston Martin DB9 and BMW Z8, but he is not a good car manager. Later, Henrik Fisker forced to leave. But Fisker was already in deep crisis who could not save it, only to embark on the road to bankruptcy.
At first, we must admit that Fisker and its electric cars, are very famous, design is also very dynamic. So when Fisker embark on the road when the acquired, has aroused great interest in the five purchasers in China, they are: Geely Automobile, Dongfeng Automobile, Beijing Automotive Group, Guanghui Group and Wanxiang Group. Finally, Wanxiang Group was purchase the Fisker Automotive.
Wanxiang Group bought Fisk, because of course see the same for the new energy electric car company Tesla's success, not willing to perish Fisk thereon. In fact, there have many similar strategies between Tesla and Fisker, from this point on their respective product planning will be able to see it.
Before Tesla, Elon Musk already have a series of brilliant entrepreneurial experience.
He understands the secret of product promotion, has been a high profile. In the public eye, he is successful businessman in Silicon Valley. Musk has been IT ideas to promote their products, he is a strong product promoters.
Musk on grand strategy, including product design and marketing of products for enterprise development of these relationships, advocates see a problem to get out of the automobile industry. So, in Tesla's senior managers do not have the traditional auto industry out of employees. But Tesla's middle managers, these specific performers are well versed in the automotive industry people. Of course, the reason of Fisker went bankrupt dilemma today, in addition to lack of funds and management confusion, there is another important reason is that it has not mastered the core technology of electric vehicles.


also see your a friend of marc morlock , i am about to add vocals to one of his songs also!
wow this sounds amazing , great sound , balanced and full of surprises , great sound , catchy , is there a vocal if not let me add one? dhalbury@yahoo.com, great guitars , give my ph# also , in tenn. usa i can call no charge ? always loved your creativity! amazing !!
I love that "Skin Flute"


text:
Pame Stoixima by OPAP hands out major winnings to thousands of players, on a daily basis. Last week, from 18 to 24 June, 2019, total winnings exceeded 11 million Euros.
The winner of the week, who played at an OPAP agency in Kamatero, selected the "Final Score" bet in seven matches of the Copa America, the European U21 Championship, the Norwegian Cup, the first division of Estonia and Finland, and U.S. Open Cup and won 11,878.20 Euros with 7.25 Euros bet, using 5-6-7 system.
As for Pame Stoixima-Horse Races, on Sunday 23 June, a player from Argyroupoli who selected the Superfecta bet (correct prediction of the first four horses of a race in the correct order) in the first horse race of Turffontein, won 1,127.20 Euros while a player from Nea Ionia who selected the Superfecta bet in the seventh horse race of Turffontein won 1,080.40 Euros.


Very large 10 000m2 property for sale in the buzzing Craigavon/Fourways area with potential to develop 30 luxurious clusters. The property comprises of main house (more than 600m2) and 3 self contained cottages (good income source) and is surrounded by high end estates/complexes. There are 2 separate entrances making it convenient to drive in and out. Easy access to main roads leading to high way, around the corner from Life Hospital, Cedar Square and Fourways Mall.


text:
The Local Authorities etc. (Miscellaneous Provision) Order 1974
This is the original version (as it was originally made). This item of legislation is currently only available in its original format. The electronic version of this UK Statutory Instrument has been contributed by Westlaw and is taken from the printed publication. Read more
LOCAL GOVERNMENT, ENGLAND AND WALES
Laid before Parliament
Coming into Operation
Articles 1, 2, 3, 9, 20, 29 and 30
The Secretary of State for the Environment and the Secretary of State for Wales, in exercise of the powers conferred upon them by section 254(1)(a) and (2)(b), (c) and (h) of the Local Government Act 1972 and by those provisions as extended by section 34(1) of the Water Act 1973 and of all other powers enabling them in that behalf, hereby make the following order:—
Title and commencement
1.—(1) This order may be cited as the Local Authorities etc. (Miscellaneous Provision) Order 1974.
(2) Articles 1, 2, 3, 9, 20, 29 and 30 of this order shall come into operation on 22nd March and the remaining provisions shall come into operation on 1st April 1974.
Territorial extent of exercise of powers
2.—(1) Articles 4 to 8, 14 to 21, 26 to 28 and 30 are made by the Secretary State for the Environment in relation to England and by the Secretary of State for Wales in relation to Wales.
(2) Articles 9, 22 and 29 and article 24 in so far as it relates to article 22 are made by the Secretary of State for the Environment as regards byelaws, compulsory purchase orders or other instruments made by, or the minutes of, or of any committee or sub-committee of, any authority whose area is wholly in England, the Severn River Authority, the Clywedog Reservoir Joint Authority, the Association of River Authorities, the British Waterworks Association and the Lancashire and Western Sea Fisheries Committee and by the Secretary of State for Wales as regards such matters made by, or any such minutes of, or of any committee or sub-committee of, any authority whose area is wholly in Wales, the Dee and Clwyd and Wye River Authorities, the Gwent Water Board, the Presteigne Joint Burial Committee, the Chester Port Health Authority and the Gloucester (Chepstow Division) Port Health Authority. Article 29 is made by the Secretary of State for the Environment or the Secretary of State for Wales as regards joint committees of bodies as regards whom he makes that article and by both Secretaries of State as regards any other joint committee.
(3) Articles 10 to 13 are made by the Secretary of State for the Environment.
(4) Article 23 and article 24 in so far as it relates thereto are made by the Secretary of State for the Environment as regards any instrument which relates to an area wholly in England, by the Secretary of State for Wales as regards any instrument which relates to an area wholly in Wales, and by both Secretaries of State as regards any other instrument.
(5) Article 25 is made by the Secretary of State for the Environment as regards any authority whose area is wholly in England, the Severn-Trent Water Authority, the National Water Council and the committees of any such body and by the Secretary of State for Wales as regards any authority whose area is wholly in Wales and the Welsh National Water Development Authority and the committees of any such body.
3.—(1) The Interpretation Act 1889 shall apply for the interpretation of this order as it applies for the interpretation of an Act of Parliament.
(2) In this order—
"the Act" means the Local Government Act 1972; and
"Wales" means the area consisting of the counties established by section 20 of the Act (new local government areas in Wales), and "England" does not include any area included in any of those counties.
(3) In this order, unless the context otherwise requires, references to any enactment or instrument shall be construed as references to that enactment or instrument as amended, extended or applied by or under any other enactment or instrument.
(4) Any reference in this order to a numbered article or schedule shall, unless the reference is to an article or schedule of a specified order, be construed as a reference to the article or schedule bearing that number in this order.
(5) Any reference in any article of this order to a numbered paragraph shall, unless the reference is to a paragraph of a specified article, be construed as a reference to the paragraph bearing that number in the first-mentioned article.
General continuance of rules orders, and regulations
4.—(1) Subject to the following paragraphs, any order, rule or regulation made under any enactment repealed by the Act and not constituting local statutory provision within the meaning of section 270(1) of the Act shall, notwithstanding the repeal of that enactment, continue in force subject to any necessary modifications.
(2) If any such order, rule or regulation is of such a nature that it could have been made under any enactment as it has effect on or after 1st April 1974 it may be amended, varied, repealed or revoked under such enactment.
(3) If any such order, rule or regulation cannot be amended as mentioned in paragraph (2) it may be amended or revoked by an order made under section 254 of the Act.
(4) This article shall have effect subject to the provisions of the Act or to the express provision of this or any other order made (whether before or after this order) under the Act.
(5) The Local Government (Allowances to Members) (Prescribed Bodies) Regulations 1967(1) shall continue in force only in respect of the prescription of the bodies set out in Parts I and II of Schedule 1 to this order.
References to repealed enactments in Local Acts, etc
5. Where by or under the Act—
(a)a provision of an enactment or instrument has been repealed or revoked in respect of any area; and
(b)a corresponding provision has been applied to that area or to any part thereof,
any reference in any local Act or in any instrument made under any Act to the provision mentioned in (a) shall, in the application of such Act or instrument to the area or such part, as the case may be, unless the contrary intention appears, be construed as a reference to the provision mentioned in (b).
In this article, "local Act" includes an Act confirming a' provisional order.
Enforcement, and amendment, etc. of instruments notwithstanding repeal of enactments, etc
6.—(1) Any provision of any enactment which imposes fines on persons offending against any instrument which by virtue of paragraph (a) of section 262(1) of the Act or this order or any other order made under section 254 or 262 of the Act applies to any area, things or persons shall continue to have effect in relation to offences against the instrument notwithstanding the repeal (whether by the Act or by such an order) of the enactment.
(2) Any instrument constituting local statutory provision within the meaning of section 270(1) of the Act (not being byelaws in relation to which article 29(1) of the Local Authorities (England) (Property etc.) Order 1973(2) or article 28(1) of the Local Authorities (Wales) (Property etc.) Order 1973(3) makes provision) which by virtue of paragraph (a) of section 262(1) of the Act or an order made under section 254 or 262 of the Act applies, notwithstanding the changes of administrative areas and local authorities effected by or under the Act and notwithstanding the repeal of the enactment under which it was made, to any area, things or persons may be amended or revoked—
(a)in the case of an instrument made by a Minister, by any appropriate Minister;
(b)in the case of byelaws for good rule and government and the prevention and suppression of nuisances, as regards any area within a district, by the council of the district;
(c)in any other case, as respects any county council, district council or community council substituted in references by section 262(3), (4) or (5) or an order made under section 262(6) of the Act, by the county council, district council or community council, as the case may be.
Section 236(3) to (10) of the Act shall apply to byelaws for such amendment or revocation, and the Secretary of State or any appropriate Minister shall be the confirming authority for the purposes of such subsections.
In this paragraph, "the appropriate Minister", in relation to any provision, means the Minister in charge of any government department concerned with the subject matter of the provision; but the validity of any action shall not be affected by any question as to whether or not any Minister was the appropriate Minister for the purpose.
Protective provision, and requirements for consent, in local Acts, orders, etc
7.—(1) Any protective provision in any local Act or in any order made under or confirmed by any Act for the benefit of an authority abolished by section 1(10) or 20(6) of the Act or their predecessors shall enure—
(a)if the protection relates to a highway, for the benefit of the highway authority for the highway;
(b)if the protection relates to any other matter transferred by or under the Act to any authority, for the benefit of that authority;
(c)in any other case, for the benefit of the council of the district in which the matter to which the protection relates is situated,
and shall be construed as if a reference to the authority specified in (a), (b) or (c) were substituted for any reference to the authority named in the protective provision.
(2) Any provision in any local Act or in any order made under or confirmed by any Act which requires the consent (whether it empowers the requirement of conditions or otherwise) of an authority abolished by section 1(10) or 20(6) of the Act or their predecessors shall have effect as if it had required the consent of (and in that event empowered the requirement of conditions by) the following authority, namely—
(a)where the matter in respect of which the consent is required is a highway, the highway authority for the highway;
(b)where the matter in respect of which the consent is required is any other matter transferred by or under the Act to any authority, that authority;
(c)in any other case, the council of the district in which the matter in respect of which the consent is required is situated.
(3) Paragraphs (1) and (2) shall not apply to any provision in any local Act or in any order made under or confirmed by any Act in respect of which provision is made under section 254, as extended by section 262(8), or under section 262(8), of the Act.
References to specified officers in local statutory provisions
8.—(1) Subject to paragraphs (2) and (3), in any local statutory provision (within the meaning of section 270(1) of the Act) which remains in force after 1st April 1974 in any area—
(a)any reference to a specified officer of a specified county council which ceases to exist by virtue of section 1 or 20 of the Act shall be construed as a reference to the proper officer of the council of the county in which the area is comprised;
(b)any reference to a specified officer of a specified county borough or county district which so ceases to exist shall be construed as a reference to the proper officer of the council of the district in which the area is comprised; and
(c)any reference to a specified officer of a rural parish which so ceases to exist shall be construed as a reference to the proper officer of the council of the parish or community in which the area is comprised.
(2) The council of the county, district, parish or community in which any area is comprised may, with the agreement of any other local authority, by resolution provide that that authority shall be substituted for such council in item (a), (b) or (c), as the case may be, of paragraph (1).
(3) Paragraph (1) does not apply to any reference to any officer specified in section 112(4) of the Act.
9.—(1) Any byelaw made—
(a)by an authority abolished by section 1(10) or 20(6) of the Act or section 33 of the Water Act 1973, or
(b)by any other authority who, immediately before 1st April 1974, were exercising the functions in respect of which the byelaw was made,
which has not been submitted for confirmation before 1st April 1974 may be submitted for confirmation as respects its area by any authority who could on and after that date have made the byelaw, and any action which requires to be taken prior to the submission of the byelaw which has not already been taken shall be taken by such authority.
(2) In confirming any byelaw submitted for confirmation before 1st April 1974 but not confirmed at that date, or submitted under paragraph (1), the confirming authority may make any modification in the byelaw which may be necessary as the result of the changes of areas and authorities effected by or under the Act or the Water Act 1973.
(3) (a) The provisions of this paragraph shall have effect in relation to byelaws made by the council of an administrative county which would, on and after 1st April 1974, fall to be made by a district council.
(b)The council of any administrative county shall before 1st April 1974 supply printed copies of all byelaws made by them and in force to the councils of the districts in which the whole or parts of the county are comprised.
(c)The production of a printed copy of a byelaw made by the council of an administrative county upon which is endorsed a certificate purporting to be signed by the proper officer of a district council to whom copies have been supplied under (b) stating—
(i)that the byelaw was made by the council of the administrative county;
(ii)the matters set out in (b), (c) and (d) of section 238 of the Act
shall be prima facie evidence of the facts stated in the certificate, and without proof of the handwriting or official position of any person purporting to sign the certificate.
(4) The production of a printed copy of any byelaw to which paragraph (3) does not apply made by any authority described in column (1) of Part I or II of Schedule 4 to the Local Authorities (England) (Property etc.) Order 1973 or the Local Authorities (Wales) (Property etc.) Order 1973 upon which is endorsed a certificate purporting to be signed by the proper officer of the authority specified in respect of such authority in column (2) stating—
(a)that the byelaw was made by the first-mentioned authority;
(b)the matters set out in (b), (c) and (d) of section 238 of the Act
Byelaws made by the Greater London Council and London borough councils
10.—(1) The proper officer of the Greater London Council shall send a copy of every byelaw made by the Council, and confirmed, to the council of every London borough.
(2) The proper officer of the council of a London borough shall send a copy of every byelaw made by the council, and confirmed, to the Greater London Council.
Metropolitan police district
11. In section 76(1) of the London Government Act 1963 (which defines the metropolitan police district) for sub-paragraphs (b) to (d) there shall be substituted—
"(b)in the county of Essex, in the district of Epping Forest—
the area of the former urban district of Chigwell
the parish of Waltham Abbey;
(c)in the county of Hertfordshire—
in the borough of Broxbourne, the area of the former urban district of Cheshunt
the district of Hertsmere
in the district of Welwyn Hatfield, the parish of Northaw;
(d)in the county of Surrey—
in the borough of Elmbridge, the area of the former urban district of Esher
the boroughs of Epsom and Ewell and Spelthorne
in the district of Reigate and Banstead, the area of the former urban district of Banstead;"
Ironstone district
12. For Schedule 1 to the Mineral Workings Act 1951 there shall be substituted the Schedule set out in Schedule 2 to this order.
Office development: metropolitan region
13. For Schedule 13 to the Town and Country Planning Act 1971 there shall be substituted the Schedule set out in Schedule 3 to this order.
14. Any order under section 11 of the Clean Air Act 1956 shall, in so far as it extends to an area comprised in any district—
if not already confirmed, be considered and if confirmed, have effect; or
if already confirmed, have effect
as if it had been made by the council of such district.
Places of burial
15.—(1) In paragraphs (2) to (4) "burial ground" means a burial ground maintained under the Burial Acts 1852 to 1906.
(2) (a) In relation to a burial ground or crematorium maintained immediately before 1st April 1974 by the parish council of Birtley, Blagdon, Brafield-on-the Green, Burrington, Great Houghton, Harworth, Milton Malsor, Rothersthorpe, Shifnal or Sopley, the functions conferred by section 214 of and Schedule 26 to the Act shall be exercised by the parish councils of the parishes, or where there is no parish the council of the district, in which parts of the area of the parish are comprised.
(b)Where by virtue of sub-paragraph (a) the functions therein described become exercisable by two or more councils, then, unless a joint board is established under section 6 of the Public Health Act 1936 to exercise those functions, it shall be the duty of the said councils to make arrangements under Part VI of the Act for the discharge of those functions by a joint committee of those councils, and paragraph 4 of Schedule 26 to the Act shall apply to any such arrangements as they apply to arrangements made in pursuance of paragraph 2 of such Schedule.
(3) In relation to a burial ground or crematorium maintained immediately before 1st April 1974 by a burial board or committee which ceases to exist by virtue of section 214 of the Act and which is named in column (1) of the following table, the functions conferred by the said section 214 of, and Schedule 26 to, the Act shall be exercised by the authority specified in respect of the burial board or committee in column (2).
The Bognor Regis, Bersted and Middleton-on-Sea joint burial committee The District Council of Arun
The Cardigan burial board The District Council of Ceredigion
The Newland and Coleford joint burial committee The Parish Council of Coleford
(4) (a) Any burial ground transferred by the Local Authorities (England) (Property etc.) Order 1973 or the Local Authorities (Wales) (Property etc.) Order 1973 to any authority shall be held by them as a cemetery within the meaning of section 214 of the Act.
(b)Any other burial ground maintained by the parish council or parish meeting of a parish in England shall be held by them as such a cemetery.
(5) Nothing in the Act, in the orders referred to in paragraph (4) or in this order shall affect any right of burial or of constructing a place of burial which any person may have acquired prior to 1st April 1974 or prejudicially affect the amount of any fee, payment or sum in respect of interment in, or the right of erecting or placing any monument, gravestone, tablet or monumental inscription on, any grave or place of burial in respect of which any such right has been so acquired.
Maintenance of closed churchyards
16. Where, outside the area in which the Church of England was disestablished by the Welsh Church Act 1914 the functions and liabilities of the parochial church council of a parish with respect to the maintenance and repair of a churchyard have under section 269(2) of the Local Government Act 1933 before 1st April 1974 been transferred to the council of the borough or urban district, or to the parish council, the authority on whom a request under section 215(2) of the Act would fall to be served shall maintain the churchyard by keeping it in decent order and its walls and fences in good repair.
Franchise and prescriptive rights
17.—(1) This article applies to the following matters, namely—
(a)any powers to appoint local officers other than—
(i)local officers of dignity within the meaning of section 246 of the Act; and
(ii)mayors and deputy mayors;
(b)any powers to hold courts other than courts abolished by section 221 of the Act;
(c)any powers to maintain markets;
(d)any powers to hold fairs;
(e)any other powers to maintain any undertakings or events;
(f)any rights to take tolls; and
(g)any other rights or liabilities,
exercisable by or attaching to the corporation or council of a city or borough (including a borough included in a rural district) or the council of an urban or rural district immediately before 1st April 1974 under any franchise or by virtue of prescription.
(2) Subject to paragraph (3) and to the provisions of any other order made under section 254 of the Act, any such matter shall be exercisable by or attach to—
(a)in the case of a borough included in a rural district, the parish council of the parish replacing the borough;
(b)in the case of any other area wholly comprised in a district, the council of the district; and
(c)in the case of any other area, the council of the district specified in respect of the area in column (2) of Part I or II of Schedule 4 (Residual transfer of Property etc) to the Local Authorities (England) (Property etc.) Order 1973 or the Local Authorities (Wales) (Property etc.) Order 1973.
(3) The power to maintain the Richmond market shall be exercisable by the Parish Council of Richmond.
(4) Any council to whom any matter is transferred by paragraph (2) or (3) shall have the same powers in relation thereto as were exercisable immediately before 1st April 1974 by the corporation or council from whom the matter is transferred.
Honorary freedoms
18.—(1) Subject to paragraphs (2) and (3) nothing in the Act shall affect the status of any person who is immediately before 1st April 1974 an honorary freeman of any place which is an existing borough within the meaning of the Local Government Act 1933 or of any body which at such time enjoys privileges of similar nature to honorary freedom of any such place.
(2) In relation to the existing borough of Whitley Bay, paragraph (1) shall have effect in relation only to that part of the borough which is comprised in the district of North Tyneside.
(3) Paragraph (1) shall not extend to the county borough of Teesside but—
(a)any person admitted to be an honorary freeman of, or any body enjoying privileges of similar nature to honorary freedom of, the borough of Middlesbrough, Redcar, Stockton-on-Tees or Thornaby-on-Tees shall be an honorary freeman of, or enjoy privileges of similar nature to honorary freedom of, the area of such borough as existing immediately before 1st April 1968;
(b)any person admitted to be an honorary freeman of, or any body enjoying privileges of similar nature to honorary freedom of, the borough of Teesside shall be an honorary freeman of, or enjoy privileges of similar nature to honorary freedom of, the area of the borough.
Agreements in relation to excise and licensing functions
19.—(1) This article has effect in relation to agreements made, by virtue of section 2(5) of the Vehicle and Driving Licences Act 1969, between the Secretary of State for the Environment (in this article referred to as "the Secretary of State") and the council of a county or county borough, being an agreement in force immediately before 1st April 1974, under which the council exercise, on behalf of the Secretary of State, his functions under the Vehicles (Excise) Act 1971 and Part III of the Road Traffic Act 1972 of levying excise duty on vehicles, of the licensing and registration of vehicles and of the licensing of drivers.
(2) Where by virtue of paragraph (3) any agreement in relation to which this article has effect comes to have effect as an agreement between the Secretary of State and the council of a county or district that council is hereby empowered to act in relation to the area in respect of which the agreement has effect notwithstanding that that area is in part outside the county or district.
(3) Any agreement in relation to which this article has effect made between the Secretary of State and a council described in column (1) of the following table shall be of full force and effect as if made between the Secretary of State and the council specified in respect of such council in column (2).
The county council of Brecon The District Council of Brecknock
The county council of Montgomeryshire The District Council of Montgomery
The county council of Radnorshire The District Council of Radnor
The county council of Rutland The District Council of Rutland
The council of the county borough of Ipswich The County Council of Suffolk
The council of any other county of or county borough The council specified in respect of such council in column (2) of Part I or II of Schedule 4 to the Local Local Authorities (England) (Property etc.) Order 1973 or the Local Authorities (Wales) (Property etc.) Order 1973.
Joint boards
20.—(1) Subject to the express provision of this or any other order made (whether before or after this order) under the Act, paragraphs (2) and (3) shall have effect where by section 263(1) of the Act a joint board continues in existence on and after 1st April 1974.
(2) Any council who on the application of section 262(4) of the Act will be a constituent member of the joint board may appoint the number of members of the board which on such application they are empowered to appoint, to hold office until the dates on which the existing members of the board who on the application of that provision and the following sub-paragraph would otherwise have been the representatives of the council would normally have retired, and if new members are so appointed the said existing members shall retire.
Subject to the preceding sub-paragraph, no provision in the order constituting the joint board for the retirement of members of the joint board if they cease to be members of the authority by whom they were appointed shall apply to an existing member of the joint board who ceases to be a member of the authority by whom he was appointed by reason only of the abolition of that authority by section 1(10) or 20(6) of the Act.
(3) Where a part only of the area of a constituent council of the joint board (being a county council or a district council) is comprised in the area of the joint board, the expenses of the joint board shall be special expenses chargeable only on that part.
Provisional orders
21.—(1) Where an authority abolished by section 1(10) or 20(6) of the Act have applied for a provisional order and no order has been submitted to Parliament, the Minister by whom the order was made or by whom it falls to be made may—
(a)treat the application as if it had been made by such one or more local authorities as may be appropriate; and
(b)in the case of an application made under an enactment repealed by or under the Act, treat the application as if it had been made under any other enactment in force on 1st April 1974,
and thereafter—
(i)if the order has been made, the Minister may amend it accordingly; or
(ii)if the order has not been made, anything done by or in relation to the authority in connection with the application shall be deemed to have been done by or in relation to such one or more local authorities as aforesaid and the Minister may deal with the application accordingly.
(2) In this article, "provisional order" includes any order which by reason of objections or otherwise may become subject to provisional order procedure during the course of any application.
Compulsory purchase orders and other instruments
22.—(1) Any order authorising the compulsory acquisition of land (hereinafter referred to as a "compulsory purchase order") by an authority abolished by section 1(10) or 20(6) of the Act or section 33 of the Water Act 1973 (whether confirmed before the coming into operation of this order or submitted for confirmation before or after such coming into operation) may be amended by the Minister by whom it was confirmed, or by whom it falls to be confirmed, by the substitution—
as the authority to be authorised to acquire the land comprised therein, of one or more county councils, district councils or water authorities;
as the Act under which the compulsory acquisition is authorised, in the case of any enactment repealed by or under the Act or the Water Act 1973, of any other enactment,
and thereafter the order shall have effect, or be considered and if confirmed have effect, accordingly.
(2) Any compulsory purchase order made by such an authority as is first described in paragraph (1) which has not been submitted to a Minister for confirmation before 1st April 1974 may be so submitted by a county council, district council or water authority, and any action which requires to be taken prior to the submission of the order which has not already been taken shall be taken by such body.
(3) Any instrument other than a compulsory purchase order or byelaw which has been submitted to a Minister for confirmation before 1st April 1974 by such an authority as is first described in paragraph (1) may be amended by such Minister by the substitution of references to the whole or parts of one or more counties, districts, water authority areas or passenger transport areas, or of references to one or more county councils, district councils, water authorities or Passenger Transport Executives, and thereafter the instrument may be considered and if confirmed have effect accordingly.
(4) Any such instrument made by such an authority as is first described in paragraph (1) which has not been submitted to a Minister for confirmation before 1st April 1974 may be so submitted by a county council, district council, water authority or Passenger Transport Executive, and
(a)any action which requires to be taken prior to the submission of the instrument which has not already been taken shall be taken by such body; and
(b)paragraph (3) shall apply to such instrument as it applies to the instruments therein described.
(5) Paragraphs (1) and (2) shall apply to compulsory purchase orders made by combined police authorities and combined fire authorities as they apply to the compulsory purchase orders described therein, and such authorities existing on and after 1st April 1974 shall be included amongst the authorities who may be authorised to acquire the land comprised in the order or who may submit the order for confirmation or take the other action described in paragraph (2).
(6) Paragraphs (1) and (2) shall extend to compulsory purchase orders made by the Greater London Council, the council of any London borough or the Common Council of the City of London as they apply to the compulsory purchase orders described therein.
(7) In paragraphs (3) and (4) "instrument" includes a draft scheme under section 30 of the Land Drainage Act 1961.
Instruments made by Ministers
23. Any instrument which has been made by a Minister before 1st April 1974 may be amended by the appropriate Minister by the substitution of references to—
the whole or parts of one or more counties, districts, water authority areas or passenger transport areas, or
one or more county councils, district councils, water authorities or Passenger Transport Executives,
and thereafter the instrument shall have effect, or be proceeded with, accordingly.
In this article, "the appropriate Minister", in relation to any instrument, means the Minister in charge of any government department concerned with the subject matter of the instrument, but the validity of any action shall not be affected by any question as to whether or not any Minister was the appropriate Minister for the purpose.
Instruments subject to special parliamentary procedure
24.—(1) Articles 22 and 23 shall not apply to any instrument which at 1st April 1974 is subject to the procedure regulated in the Statutory Orders (Special Procedure) Acts 1945 and 1965 until the completion of such procedure.
(2) In any such procedure—
(a)any notice given by a Minister that he desires that rights and functions conferred on him shall be exercisable by any authority shall have effect; but
(b)otherwise, the instrument subject to the procedure shall be dealt with as if any authority named therein were still in existence.
Audit of first accounts of new authorities
25. The accounts for the period ending on 31st March 1974 of—
any county council, district council or community council;
any parish council constituted by section 9(4) of the Act or article 6(1) of the New Parishes Order 1973;
the Parish Meeting of Courteenhall;
any water authority;
any joint committee of any such bodies;
the National Water Council; and
the committees and officers of any such body,
shall be audited with the corresponding accounts for the financial year beginning on 1st April 1974 and shall be treated for all purposes as if they were accounts for that financial year.
Payments in respect of redundancy payments
26.—(1) This article applies in relation to any officer (hereinafter referred to as "the officer") of an authority abolished by the Act or the Water Act 1973 who is remunerated by periodic payments which take into account the employment of any persons by the officer.
(2) Where in consequence of such abolition a redundancy payment falls to be made by the officer in respect of any person, any local authority or water authority may pay to the officer the amount of such payment or any part thereof.
Security for loans
27. Where under any agreement made under section 68 of the Act as applied by section 254(6) thereof any liability or part of a liability charged indifferently on all the revenues of a public body or on any particular revenues or fund of such body is transferred to another public body, the liability or part of the liability shall be charged indifferently on all the revenues of the public body to whom it is transferred and shall cease to be a charge on any revenues or fund of the public body from whom it is transferred.
Authorisations to enter premises
28. Any authorisation to enter premises issued to any officer transferred by or under an order made under sections 254 and 255 of the Act to the employment of any authority shall have effect as if it had been issued by such authority.
This article shall have effect subject to the express provision of any other order made (whether before or after this order) under the Act and shall not apply in so far as express provision in respect of authorisations to enter premises is made in any such order.
Minutes of last meetings
29.—(1) This article applies to—
councils and parish meetings abolished by section 1(10) or 20(6) of the Act;
councils of boroughs included in rural districts;
parish councils and parish meetings of existing rural parishes mentioned in paragraph 1 of Part IV of Schedule 1 to the Act or in paragraph (2) of article 3 of the New Parishes Order 1973;
burial boards, joint burial boards and joint committees which cease to exist
by virtue of section 214(1)(b) of the Act;
joint boards which cease to exist by virtue of section 263(2)(b) of the Act;
joint boards which cease to exist by virtue of section 263(3) of the Act;
the Lake District Planning Board and the Peak Park Planning Board;
the Snowdonia Park Joint Advisory Committee;
the West Monmouthshire Omnibus Board;
joint boards who are statutory water undertakers other than joint boards within the meaning of the Water Act 1973;
joint sewerage boards;
river authorities, the Conservators of the River Thames, the Lee Conservancy Catchment Board and the Isle of Wight River and Water Authority;
combined police authorities and combined fire authorities;
the Metropolitan Water Board;
the Association of River Authorities;
the British Waterworks Association;
joint committees established by schemes of combination under section 2 of the Local Government Superannuation Act 1937; and
committees, sub-committees and joint committees of any such bodies.
(2) The minutes of the last meeting of any body to whom this article applies shall if practicable be signed at such meeting.
(3) If it is not practicable for the minutes to be so signed they may be signed by the person who presided at the meeting in accordance with paragraph (4), (5) or (6) and—
(a)any minute purporting to be so signed shall be received in evidence without further proof;
(b)until the contrary is proved, the meeting in respect of the proceedings whereof a minute has been made and so signed shall be deemed to have been duly convened and held, and all the members present at the meeting shall be deemed to have been duly qualified, and where the proceedings are the proceedings of a committee, sub-committee or joint committee, the committee, sub-committee or joint committee shall be deemed to have been duly constituted and to have had power to deal with the matters referred to in the minutes.
(4) Minutes of the proceedings of the last meeting of any body to whom this article applies other than a committee, sub-committee or joint committee or a parish meeting may be signed as aforesaid on or after the 7th day following the transmission to every member of the body of a copy of the minutes and of a notification of the purport of paragraph (3) and this paragraph. The person who presided at the meeting shall take into consideration any representations made by any such member.
(5) Minutes of the proceedings of the last meeting of a committee, sub-committee or joint committee above may be signed as aforesaid on or after the 7th day following the transmission to every member of the committee, sub-committee or joint committee of a notification of the purport of paragraph (3) and this paragraph, with a copy of the minutes or information as to the availability of a copy for inspection. The person who presided at the meeting shall take into consideration any representations made by any such member.
(6) Minutes of the proceedings of the last meeting of a parish meeting may be signed as aforesaid after such consultation as the person presiding at the meeting shall think appropriate.
(7) If the person who presided at the meeting is not able to sign the minutes in accordance with paragraph (4), (5) or (6), paragraph (3) and such paragraph shall have effect with the substitution for any reference to the person who presided at the meeting of a reference to such person as the Secretary of State may direct.
(8) This article is without prejudice to any arrangements made by any body as to the signature of the minutes of its last meeting, or of the minutes of the last meeting of any committee, sub-committee or joint committee.
30.—(1) Subject to paragraph (6), in this article—
"register" means any register under any enactment, rule, order or regulation and includes—
any list kept for the purposes of the Pharmacy and Poisons Act 1933 under section 21 thereof; and
any index of local charities maintained under section 10 of the Charities Act 1960;
"registration" means inclusion in any register; and
"exemption" means exemption from any obligation in respect of registration.
(2) Immediately before 1st April 1974 the clerk of any council abolished by section 1(10) or 20(6) of the Act shall deliver any register of the council to the proper officer of the following authority, namely—
(a)if the register is appropriate for one authority only, that authority;
(b)in any other case, the authority specified in respect of the said council in column (2) of Part I or II of Schedule 4 to the Local Authorities (England) (Property etc.) Order 1973 or the Local Authorities (Wales) (Property etc.) Order 1973.
(3) As soon as may be after 1st April 1974 the proper officer of any authority shall—
(a)send to the proper officer of any other authority a copy of every entry in any register received by him under paragraph (2)(b) which is appropriate for a register of that other authority; and
(b)incorporate or include in the appropriate register of the authority by whom he is employed, with any necessary modifications—
(i)the entries in the registers delivered to him under paragraph (2)(b) of which copies have not been sent, under (a), to the proper officer of any other authority; and
(ii)the particulars of every entry furnished to him under (a) in its application to the proper officer of any other authority;
and every entry so incorporated or included shall continue in force as fully and effectively as if it had originally been made in the register in which it is incorporated or included.
Where any register is kept in such manner that the entries therein are separable, (a) may be complied with, as regards any entry, by sending the entry to the proper officer specified therein, and if the entry is so sent (b)(ii) may be complied with, as regards that entry, by the inclusion of the entry in the appropriate register.
(4) Any application made before 1st April 1974 for registration in any register of any council abolished by section 1(10) or 20(6) of the Act or for exemption from any obligation in respect of inclusion in such register shall be treated as having been made to the authority for whose register the application is appropriate.
(5) Any order, decision, notice or certificate made, taken, given or issued before 1st April 1974 by a council abolished by section 1(10) or 20(6) of the Act in relation to—
any application for registration or exemption;
any entry in any register of the council,
shall have effect as if it had been made, taken, given or issued by the authority for whose register the application is appropriate or in whose register the entry falls to be incorporated or included.
(6) This article does not extend to—
any register of parliamentary and local government electors;
any register of local land charges kept in pursuance of section 15 of the Land Charges Act 1925;
any register as to which provision is made in any other order made (whether before or after this order) under section 254 of the Act.
(7) Any reference in this article to the proper officer of an authority to which section 270(3) of the Act does not apply shall in relation to any purpose be construed as a reference to an officer appointed by the authority for that purpose.
Anthony Crosland
Secretary of State for the Environment
John Morris
Secretary of State for Wales
SCHEDULE 1ALLOWANCES TO MEMBERS—PRESCRIBED BODIES
PART IBODIES PRESCRIBED AS BODIES TO WHICH PART VI OF THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT ACT 1948 WAS TO APPLY
Combined police authorities
Joint education committees established under paragraph 3 of Part II of Schedule 1 to the Education Act 1944, the members of which are not all representatives of local authorities.
Licensing planning committees constituted under section 119 of the Licensing Act 1964.
The Newhaven and Seaford Sea Defence Commissioners
The Shoreham and Lancing Sea Defence Commission
The Cheshire Brine Subsidence Compensation Board
The governing body of Woolverstone Hall
The governing body of Elmbridge County Secondary School
The governing body of the Kennylands County Secondary School
The governing body of Whiteacre School
The governing body of the Brymore Secondary Technical School of Agriculture
PART IIBODIES PRESCRIBED AS BODIES FOR THE PURPOSES OF PARAGRAPH (d) OF SECTION 115 OF THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT ACT 1948
The governing bodies of
universities and university colleges, and
colleges of universities, including, in the case of a university organised on a collegiate basis, a constituent college or other society recognised by the university and, in the case of London University, any college incorporated in the university or a school of the university.
The Court of Governors of the National Museum of Wales
The Court of Governors of the National Library of Wales
The Council of Governors or Governing Body of the Royal Agricultural College
The Governing Board of the Harper Adams Agricultural College incorporating the National Institute of Poultry Husbandry
The Body of Governors of the Seale-Hayne Agricultural College
The Council of Coleg Harlech
The Committee of Morris Grange.
SCHEDULE 2IRONSTONE DISTRICT
"FIRST SCHEDULEAREAS COMPRISED IN THE IRONSTONE DISTRICT
The counties of Leicestershire, Northamptonshire and Warwickshire.
The county of Lincolnshire other than the districts of Boston and South Holland.
The county of Oxfordshire other than so much of it as was immediately before 1st April 1974 comprised in the Royal county of Berkshire.
In the county of Humberside, the districts of Cleethorpes, Glanford, Grimsby and Scunthorpe and in the district of Boothferry the parishes of Amcotts, Belton, Crowle, Eastoft, Epworth, Garthorpe, Haxey, Keadby with Althorpe, Luddington, Owston Ferry, West Butterwick and Wroot.
The district of Peterborough other than the parishes of Orton Longueville, Orton Waterville, Stanground North and Thorney."
SCHEDULE 3OFFICE DEVELOPMENT: METROPOLITAN REGION
"SCHEDULE 13OFFICE DEVELOPMENT: METROPOLITAN REGION OUTSIDE GREATER LONDON
1. In Bedfordshire, the districts of Luton and South Bedfordshire.
2. In Berkshire—
the districts of Bracknell, Reading, Slough, Windsor and Maidenhead and Wokingham,
in the district of Newbury, the parishes of Aldermaston, Ashampstead, Basildon, Beech Hill, Beenham, Bradfield, Bucklebury, Burghfield, Englefield, Frilsham, Grazeley, Padworth, Pangbourne, Purley, Stanford Dingley, Stratfield Mortimer, Streatley, Sulham, Sulhamstead, Sulhamstead Bannister, Theale, Tidmarsh, Tilehurst, Ufton Nervet, Wokefield and Yattenden and the area common to the parishes of Purley and Sulham, namely Saltney Mead.
3. In Buckinghamshire—
the districts of Beaconsfield, Chiltern and Wycombe,
in the district of Aylesbury Vale, the area of the former borough of Aylesbury and the parishes of Ashendon, Aston Abbotts, Aston Clinton, Aston Sandford, Bierton with Broughton, Boarstall, Brill, Buckland, Chearsley, Cheddington, Chilton, Creslow, Cublington, Cuddington, Dinton-with-Ford and Upton, Dorton, Drayton Beauchamp, Edlesborough, Fleet Marston, Great Brickhill, Grendon Underwood, Grove, Haddenham, Halton, Hardwick, Hartwell, Hulcott, Ickford, Ivinghoe, Kingsey, Kingswood, Long Crendon, Lower Winchendon, Ludgershall, Marsworth, Mentmore, Oakley, Oving, Pitchcott, Pitstone, Quainton, Quarrendon, Shabbington, Slapton, Soulbury, Stoke Hammond, Stoke Mandeville, Stone, Upper Winchendon, Waddesdon, Weedon, Wendover, Westcott, Weston Turville, Whitchurch, Wing, Wingrave with Rowsham, Woodham, Worminghall and Wotton Underwood,
in the borough of Milton Keynes, the area of the former urban district of Bletchley.
4. In East Sussex, in the district of Wealden, the parishes of Buxted, Crowborough, Danehill, Fletching, Forest Row, Framfield, Frant, Hadlow Down, Hartfield, Isfield, Little Horsted, Maresfield, Mayfield, Rotherfield, Uckfield, Wadhurst and Withyham.
5. In Essex, the districts of Basildon, Brentwood, Castle Point, Chelmsford, Epping Forest, Harlow, Rochford, Southend-on-Sea and Thurrock.
6. In Hampshire, the districts of Hart and Rushmoor.
7. Hertfordshire.
8. In Kent—
the districts of Dartford, Gillingham, Gravesham, Medway, Sevenoaks and Tonbridge and Malling.
in the district of Maidstone, the area of the former borough of Maidstone and the parishes of Barming, Bearsted, Boughton Monchelsea, Coxheath, East Farleigh, Hunton, Linton, Loose, Marden, Nettlestead, Otham, Staplehurst, Teston, West Farleigh and Yalding,
in the district of Tunbridge Wells, the area of the former borough of Royal Tunbridge Wells and the parishes of Bidborough, Brenchley, Capel, Horsmonden, Lamberhurst, Paddock Wood, Pembury, Southborough and Speldhurst.
9. In Oxfordshire, in the district of South Oxfordshire, the parishes of Bix, Checkendon, Crowmarsh, Eye and Dunsden, Goring, Goring Health, Harpsden, Henley-on-Thames, Highmoor, Ipsden, Kidmore End, Mapledurham, Nettlebed, Nuffield, Pishill with Stonor, Rotherfield Greys, Rotherfield Peppard, Shiplake, Sonning Common, South Stoke, Stoke Row, Swyncombe, Whitchurch and Woodcote.
10. Surrey.
11. In West Sussex—
the districts of Crawley and Mid Sussex,
in the district of Horsham, the area of the former urban district of Horsham and the parishes of Billinghurst, Cowfold, Horsham Rural, Itchingfield, Lower Beeding, Nuthurst, Rudgwick, Rusper, Shipley, Slinfold, Warnham and West Grinstead."
This Order makes miscellaneous provision incidental, consequential, transitional and supplementary to the Local Government Act 1972. The various subject matters are indicated in the table on pages 1 and 2.
(1967 III, p. 5093).


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