For his "Executive Decision" segment on Friday's Mad Money program, Jim Cramer sat down with Kim Blickenstaff, executive chairman of Tandem Diabetes Care (TNDM) , a stock that has soared an incredible 1,942% over the past year. Blickenstaff said that Tandem has the best touchscreen insulin pump on the market and after consolidation in the industry, now exists in a duopoly with only Medtronic (MDT) .
Blickenstaff added that Tandem has taken a consumer electronics approach to diabetes management, making sleek, stylish products. The latest technology and algorithms do most of the work managing insulin, leaving the patient to mostly just monitor the results. Tandem has also partnered with DexCom (DXCM) , which makes the latest technology in blood glucose monitoring.
As the stock has been rising, the company has been issuing additional shares using the proceeds to pay down debt so now it is a debt-free company. Sounds like promising fundamentals but are we late to the game with the stock up so much? Let's check out the charts this morning.
In this daily bar chart of TNDM, below, we can see that prices rallied from $5 to over $50 in just a little over six months. The stock consolidated those gains until last month when TNDM broke out to new highs with an upside breakaway gap. Notice how the volume of trading expanded from March to September? That's good confirmation of the price action with volume.
Volume dried up during the sideways consolidation patter through February but the On-Balance-Volume (OBV) line remained steady telling us that the longs did not liquidate (sell).
The Moving Average Convergence Divergence (MACD) oscillator has confirmed the price action and is bullish now.
In this weekly bar chart of TNDM, below, we can see how the stock collapsed from $110 to nearly nothing! A near death experience. Today prices are above the rising 40-week moving average line.
Volume has moved up with prices, the weekly OBV line is bullish as is the weekly MACD oscillator.
In this Point and Figure chart of TNDM, below, we can see an upside price target of $114 being projected.
Bottom line strategy: Our Point and Figure chart is showing us a $114 price target but the real question is what do we risk to go long here? Probably a close below $55.


text:
@interface PodsDummy_Pods_KFRDateWrapperTests : NSObject
@end
@implementation PodsDummy_Pods_KFRDateWrapperTests
@end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
UAV Crash in Korea Linked To GPS Jamming
by Chris Pocock
- June 1, 2012, 2:05 PM
Jamming of its GPS receiver may have contributed to the crash of a Schiebel S-100 Camcopter UAV in Korea. (Photo: Schiebel)
Jamming of GPS signals by North Korea may have contributed to the fatal crash of a Schiebel S-100 Camcopter UAV near Incheon, South Korea, on May 10. The small helicopter crashed into its ground control van, killing a Schiebel engineer and injuring the two remote pilots, both Koreans. The jamming started on April 28 and disrupted passenger flights into Seoul's two airports, Kimpo and Incheon. South Korean government officials told local media that the jamming originated from the border town of Kaesong.
Schiebel said that an incorrect response by the operators after the Camcopter lost its GPS signal led to the crash, some minutes later. The UAV is equipped with multiple inertial measurement units (IMUs) for backup, the company noted. The recorders on board the UAV and in the ground station were burned during the crash, and could not provide any explanatory data.
The crashed UAV had been operating in South Korea since October 2008, apparently on demonstrations for government agencies. Schiebel has not identified most of its customers for the S-100. Schiebel lifted a five-day precautionary grounding of the S-100 fleet on May 15.
In an early April briefing attended by AIN, Raytheon UK claimed to be the world leader in GPS anti-jam technology. The company noted that North Korea has been jamming from land vehicles, and that unprotected platforms can be affected at ranges up to 10 miles.
Raytheon UK said it has supplied more than 7,000 jam-resistant antennas to the U.S. and some 20 other countries for aircraft, helicopters, weapons and land vehicles. These include digital versions of the technology that protects platforms over a larger area than the company's earlier, analog system.
Under a Pentagon contract, Raytheon UK has also developed a smaller version suitable for UAVs and light helicopters.
https://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/defense/2012-06-01/uav-crash-korea-linked-gps-jamming

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
HomeNewsCourt gives judgment on £104,000,000 legal costs case
Court gives judgment on £104,000,000 legal costs case
The recent case of Motto v Trafigura [2011] has seen the largest ever claim for costs in British history, with the Claimants' solicitors submitting a bill of costs of over £104 million, including an ATE premium of £9.6 million.
This case involved a group action of approximately 30,000 Claimants who had become ill after the Defendants had illegally disposed of chemical waste in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire. A Settlement Agreement was drawn up in September 2009, under which the Defendants agreed to pay total damages of £30 million plus costs.
Due to the substantial sums involved, both parties agreed that the Court should be asked to determine a number of preliminary issues before proceeding to a detailed assessment of the legal costs. An initial decision was made by a Senior Costs Judge, but was appealed by the Defendant. A ruling has now been provided by the Court of Appeal, who dealt with five main issues:
Proportionality
The Claimants had all entered into separate Conditional Fee (also known as 'no win no fee') Agreements which had each provided for a success fee of 100%. This entitled the solicitors to recover their normal costs, plus a 100% uplift as recompense for the risk of handling the claim on this basis. The total costs claimed, including the success fees, were over £95 million.
At first instance, the Senior Costs Judge held that the solicitor's 'base' costs (i.e. before the success fee was applied) appeared disproportionate when considered as a whole. However, he added that this should not prevent him from concluding that some aspects were actually proportionate and therefore the test of necessity should not need to be applied to every item on the bill of costs.
On appeal, the Court held that this decision was partially incorrect and that each item on the bill of costs did need to satisfy the necessity test.
Vetting Claimants
The first instance Judge also considered the issue of whether the costs could include the work undertaken in collecting and assessing prospective claimants, even before they had signed the Conditional Fee Agreements ('CFAs') and become official clients of the firm. He held that as long as the wording of the CFA included provision for any work undertaken prior to the signing of the document then these costs could be recovered. This decision was upheld on appeal.
Cost of Funding
In addition to the CFAs, the Claimants had taken out After The Event ('ATE') insurance to protect themselves against the potential liability of paying the Defendant's costs, had the claim failed. The Judge was required to consider whether the time spent on setting up the CFAs and ATE insurance policy could be recovered. At first instance it was held that such work was recoverable; however this decision was reversed on appeal.
The CFAs provided for success fees of 100%; however the Judge determined that this was too high. A success fee of 58% was held to be reasonable and a similar figure was reached on appeal.
ATE Premium
As the claim was successful, the premium for obtaining ATE insurance was recoverable from the Defendant as part of the claim for costs. The total premium claimed in this instance was approximately £9.6 million.
The Judge at first instance held that this was recoverable in its entirety and the Court of Appeal agreed with this conclusion.
The case will now progress to a detailed assessment of costs.


3227Bast. My seruices to your Lordship.
3328Kent. I must loue you, and sue to know you better.
3429Bast. Sir I shall study deseruing.
3631againe, the King is comming.
3935Lear. Attend my Lords of France and Burgundy, Gloster.
4036Glost. I shall my Leige.
5949Gonorill our eldest borne, speake first?
6656Beyond all manner of so much I loue you.
6757Cor. What shall Cordelia doe, loue and be silent.
7261Be this perpetuall, what saies our second daughter?


text:
Like fine wine: Vintage stars part of Classic's 40th anniversary
Jon Spencer
Former 2-time Big Ten rebounding leader and NBA player Jamie Feick will be back in the gym where he became a prep All-American
Alumni player Jacob Owens, an assistant at his alma mater, Mansfield Senior, is just two years removed from playing pro ball
Ashland coach Jason Hess, an All-American at Malone, will play in the alumni game after piloting the North to a victory in last year's high school showcase
LEXINGTON – Michael Grist, strength coach at Ontario and come Aug. 1 the high school's new athletic director, has modest goals when it comes to playing in the 40th News Journal All-Star Basketball Classic alumni game.
The 20 alums — featuring seven Classic MVPs, a pair of state tournament MVPs, four collegiate All-Americans, five enshrinees in college Halls of Fame and one former NBA player (guess who? ) — will be the 6 p.m. warm-up act before the traditional high school showcase on Friday, March 30, at Grist's alma mater, Lexington High School.
"I can't," he joked, "be the unathletic director."
Don't let Grist's self-deprecating tone fool you. If the 25th and 35th alumni games showed us anything, the "vintage" players still got game.
Grist played in the alumni game five years ago when the two teams combined for 209 points (107 to 102), matching exactly the point total put up by the youngsters (110-99).
The silver anniversary alumni game was an 83-80 affair that came down to a last-second shot. Both retro contests drew capacity crowds.
Expect the same Friday night. A $10 ticket covers admission for both games, with all proceeds going to special needs children served by The Rehab Center, part of Catalyst Life Services.
Tickets are available at The Rehab Center and Lexington High School or online at www.catalystlifeservices.org/donations. Any tickets remaining will be sold at the door.
"My daughter's 3 going on 16,"Grist said, "and when I'm running around the park with her, that seems to be when I touch the ball more."
Mark DeLaney, the state tournament MVP when Clear Fork won a title in 2002, knows the feeling. He and his wife just welcomed their third daughter last week.
A lot has changed since this Mansfield Christian administrator scored 20 points for the winning alumni team five years ago.
"I've gone from one kid to three; put it like that," he said, laughing. "I was still coaching five years ago, too, so I was in the gym every day. But I can still get around. I'll play as hard as I can; I guarantee it."
Mansfield Senior grad Jacob Owens, now a Tyger assistant, had a fine college career at Marietta and is just two years removed from playing pro ball for the Western Michigan Lake Hawks of the American Basketball Association.
At Marietta, Owens scored 816 points — 612 on 204 career 3-pointers.
"I drive a lot more now," Owens said. "I used to just be a shooter, but I cut and use my body more. I'm smarter and my IQ has gotten better from coaching and playing pro."
Speaking of pros, former Temple Christian star/coach Brad Humble will have the unenviable task of guarding 6-9 Jamie Feick, the former prep All-American and state tourney MVP for Lex who was a two-time Big Ten rebounding champ for Michigan State before playing for four NBA teams.
Feick and Humble were teammates on the winning alumni team five years ago, combining for 34 points and 22 rebounds. Now they'll be adversaries.
"It's going to be fun to play against him," the 6-6, 265-pound Humble said. "My goodness, he's such a beast. The only thing that will help me is that my brother (Eric, who played in the Classic) is 6-9, 310 pounds, and I've been playing against him for the last 10 years."
Maybe Humble and 6-6 Jason Hess, the Ashland grad and coach who piloted the North to victory last year in the high school game, can tag-team Feick. Hess was an All-American at Malone, where he's a member of the Hall of Fame after becoming the first player in school history to score over 1,500 points and grab over 1,000 rebounds.
"I farm during the day and that keeps me moving," Hess, who graduated from Malone in 2004, said. "I'm physically active, but the conditioning is what you miss most. (Your game) seems like it goes pretty quickly when you don't practice."
You can bet Feick's not buying Hess selling himself short.
Meet the Alumni Stars
South: Tyler Ousley, Clear Fork; Mark DeLaney, Clear Fork; Joe Jakubick, Madison (1980 MVP); Jamie Feick, Lexington; Michael Grist, Lexington; Mason Willeke, Lexington; Logan Slavinski, Clear Fork; Colby Bright, Galion; Jordyn Hatcher, Galion (2009 MVP); Dan Norris, Madison (1996 MVP)
Coaches: Gregg Collins, Dr. Jay Guth
North: Tyler Lilly, Mansfield Christian (2011 MVP); Bubba Harris, Colonel Crawford (1993 MVP); Terrence Davison, Mansfield Senior (2002 MVP); Mario Davison, Mansfield Senior; J.T. Reese, St. Peter's; Jacob Owens, Mansfield Senior; Jason Hess, Ashland; Brad Humble, Temple Christian; Marquis Sykes, Mansfield Senior (1999, MVP); Brook Turson, Plymouth
Coaches: Doug Ute, Pat Durham


The Auburn Police Department posted security cam photos of a man in a convenience store and are asking the public for help in identifying him.
No information beyond the photos is given about the man other than the photos are from a Circle K in Auburn. Police do not mention why they are seeking information.
It's hard to tell from the blurry photos, but he appears to be walking into the store with some sort of bag slung over his right shoulder. Is he holding something as we walks into the store?
It remains a mystery for now, but if you have any information on this man, don't post his name online. Contact Officer Christopher Saunders at 207-333-6650 ext 6359 or email CSaunders@auburnmaine.gov.


text:
Photos of Senegal
View 7 Photos about Photos of Senegal
Senegal is one of the few countries in the world with evidence of continuous human life from the Paleolithic era to present. Between the 14th and 16th centuries, the Jolof Empire ruled most of Senegal. Starting in the 15th century, Portugal, the Netherlands, France, and Great Britain traded along the Senegalese coast. Senegal's location on the western tip of Africa made it a favorable base for the European slave trade. European powers used the Senegalese island of Goree as a base to purchase slaves from the warring chiefdoms on the mainland, and at the height of the slave trade in Senegal, over one-third of the Senegalese population was enslaved. In 1815, France abolished slavery and began expanding inland. During the second half of the 19th century, France took possession of Senegal as a French colony. In 1959, the French colonies of Senegal and French Sudan were merged and granted independence in 1960 as the Mali Federation. The union broke up after only a few months. In 1982, Senegal joined with The Gambia to form the nominal confederation of Senegambia. The envisaged integration of the two countries was never implemented, and the union dissolved in 1989.
Since the 1980s, the Movement of Democratic Forces in the Casamance - a separatist movement based in southern Senegal - has led a low-level insurgency. Several attempts at reaching a comprehensive peace agreement have failed. Since 2012, despite sporadic incidents of violence, an unofficial cease-fire has remained largely in effect. Senegal is one of the most stable democracies in Africa and has a long history of participating in international peacekeeping and regional mediation. The Socialist Party of Senegal ruled for 40 years until Abdoulaye WADE was elected president in 2000 and re-elected in 2007. WADE amended Senegal's constitution over a dozen times to increase executive power and weaken the opposition. In 2012, WADE's decision to run for a third presidential term sparked public backlash that led to his defeat to current President Macky SALL. A 2016 constitutional referendum limited future presidents to two consecutive five-year terms. The change, however, does not apply to SALL's first term. In February 2019, SALL won his bid for reelection; his second term will end in 2024.
Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Guinea-Bissau and Mauritania
14 00 N, 14 00 W
slightly smaller than South Dakota; slightly larger than twice the size of Indiana
border countries (5): The Gambia 749 km; Guinea 363 km; Guinea-Bissau 341 km; Mali 489 km; Mauritania 742 km
continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin
tropical; hot, humid; rainy season (May to November) has strong southeast winds; dry season (December to April) dominated by hot, dry, harmattan wind
generally low, rolling, plains rising to foothills in southeast
highest point: unnamed elevation 2.8 km southeast of Nepen Diaka 648 m
lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m
mean elevation: 69 m
fish, phosphates, iron ore
other: 9.4% (2018 est.)
Major rivers (by length in km)
Senegal (shared with Guinea [s], Mali, and Mauritania [m] ) - 1,641 km; Gambia (shared with Guinea [s] and The Gambia [m]) - 1,094 km
note – [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth
Atlantic Ocean drainage: Senegal (456,397 sq km)
Senegalo-Mauritanian Basin
the population is concentrated in the west, with Dakar anchoring a well-defined core area; approximately 70% of the population is rural as shown in this population distribution map
lowlands seasonally flooded; periodic droughts
westernmost country on the African continent; The Gambia is almost an enclave within Senegal
noun: Senegalese (singular and plural)
adjective: Senegalese
Wolof 39.7%, Pular 27.5%, Serer 16%, Mandinka 4.9%, Jola 4.2%, Soninke 2.4%, other 5.4% (includes Europeans and persons of Lebanese descent) (2019 est.)
French (official), Wolof, Pular, Jola, Mandinka, Serer, Soninke
Muslim 97.2% (most adhere to one of the four main Sufi brotherhoods), Christian 2.7% (mostly Roman Catholic) (2019 est.)
Senegal has a large and growing youth population but has not been successful in developing its potential human capital. Senegal's high total fertility rate of almost 4.5 children per woman continues to bolster the country's large youth cohort – more than 60% of the population is under the age of 25. Fertility remains high because of the continued desire for large families, the low use of family planning, and early childbearing. Because of the country's high illiteracy rate (more than 40%), high unemployment (even among university graduates), and widespread poverty, Senegalese youths face dim prospects; women are especially disadvantaged.
Senegal historically was a destination country for economic migrants, but in recent years West African migrants more often use Senegal as a transit point to North Africa – and sometimes illegally onward to Europe. The country also has been host to several thousand black Mauritanian refugees since they were expelled from their homeland during its 1989 border conflict with Senegal. The country's economic crisis in the 1970s stimulated emigration; departures accelerated in the 1990s. Destinations shifted from neighboring countries, which were experiencing economic decline, civil wars, and increasing xenophobia, to Libya and Mauritania because of their booming oil industries and to developed countries (most notably former colonial ruler France, as well as Italy and Spain). The latter became attractive in the 1990s because of job opportunities and their periodic regularization programs (legalizing the status of illegal migrants).
0-14 years: 40.38% (male 3,194,454/female 3,160,111)
55-64 years: 4.21% (male 283,480/female 378,932)
65 years and over: 3.1% (male 212,332/female 275,957) (2020 est.)
3.340 million DAKAR (capital) (2023)
vectorborne diseases: malaria and dengue fever
respiratory diseases: meningococcal meningitis
note: on 21 March 2022, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued a Travel Alert for polio in Africa; Senegal is currently considered a high risk to travelers for circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses (cVDPV); vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) is a strain of the weakened poliovirus that was initially included in oral polio vaccine (OPV) and that has changed over time and behaves more like the wild or naturally occurring virus; this means it can be spread more easily to people who are unvaccinated against polio and who come in contact with the stool or respiratory secretions, such as from a sneeze, of an "infected" person who received oral polio vaccine; the CDC recommends that before any international travel, anyone unvaccinated, incompletely vaccinated, or with an unknown polio vaccination status should complete the routine polio vaccine series; before travel to any high-risk destination, the CDC recommends that adults who previously completed the full, routine polio vaccine series receive a single, lifetime booster dose of polio vaccine
total: 6.9% (2020 est.)
total: 9 years
male: 8 years
total: 5%
male: 3.5%
deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification; periodic droughts; seasonal flooding; overfishing; weak environmental protective laws; wildlife populations threatened by poaching
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling
carbon dioxide emissions: 10.9 megatons (2016 est.)
severe localized food insecurity: due to localized shortfalls in cereal production and reduced incomes - according to the latest analysis, about 881,000 people are estimated to be in need of humanitarian assistance between June and August 2022, mostly on account of localized shortfalls in cereal production in 2021 and reduced incomes owing to the impact of the COVID‑19 pandemic (2022)
industrial: 58 million cubic meters (2017 est.)
38.97 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)
conventional long form: Republic of Senegal
conventional short form: Senegal
local long form: Republique du Senegal
local short form: Senegal
former: Senegambia (along with The Gambia), Mali Federation
etymology: named for the Senegal River that forms the northern border of the country; many theories exist for the origin of the river name; perhaps the most widely cited derives the name from "Azenegue," the Portuguese appellation for the Berber Zenaga people who lived north of the river
name: Dakar
geographic coordinates: 14 44 N, 17 38 W
time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
etymology: the Atlantic coast trading settlement of Ndakaaru came to be called "Dakar" by French colonialists
14 regions (regions, singular - region); Dakar, Diourbel, Fatick, Kaffrine, Kaolack, Kedougou, Kolda, Louga, Matam, Saint-Louis, Sedhiou, Tambacounda, Thies, Ziguinchor
4 April 1960 (from France); note - complete independence achieved upon dissolution of federation with Mali on 20 August 1960
Independence Day, 4 April (1960)
history: previous 1959 (preindependence), 1963; latest adopted by referendum 7 January 2001, promulgated 22 January 2001
amendments: proposed by the president of the republic or by the National Assembly; passage requires Assembly approval and approval in a referendum; the president can bypass a referendum and submit an amendment directly to the Assembly, which requires at least three-fifths majority vote; the republican form of government is not amendable; amended several times, last in 2019
civil law system based on French law; judicial review of legislative acts in Constitutional Court
citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Senegal
dual citizenship recognized: no, but Senegalese citizens do not automatically lose their citizenship if they acquire citizenship in another state
chief of state: President Macky SALL (since 2 April 2012)
head of government: Prime Minister Amadou BA (since 17 September 2022)
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president
elections/appointments: president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a single renewable 5-year term; election last held on 24 February 2019 (next to be held in February 2024)
election results: Macky SALL elected president in first round; percent of vote - Macky SALL (APR) 58.3%, Idrissa SECK (Rewmi) 20.5%, Ousmane SONKO (PASTEF) 15.7%, other 5.5% (2019)
description: unicameral National Assembly or Assemblée Nationale (165 seats; 112 members including 15 representing Senegalese diaspora directly elected by plurality vote in single- and multi-seat constituencies and 53 members directly elected by proportional representation vote in a single nationwide constituency; member term is 5-years)
elections: National Assembly - last held on 31 July 2022 (next to be held in July 2027) (2022)
election results: National Assembly results - percent of vote by party/coalition - BBY 46.6%, YAW 32.9%, WS 14.5%, other 6%; seats by party/coalition - BBY 82, YAW 56, WS 24, other 3; composition - men 95, women 70, percent of women 42.4% (2022)
highest court(s): Supreme Court or Cour Supreme (consists of the court president and 12 judges and organized into civil and commercial, criminal, administrative, and social chambers); Constitutional Council or Conseil Constitutionel (consists of 7 members, including the court president, vice president, and 5 judges)
judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court judges appointed by the president of the republic upon recommendation of the Superior Council of the Magistrates, a body chaired by the president and minister of justice; judge tenure varies, with mandatory retirement either at 65 or 68 years; Constitutional Council members appointed - 5 by the president and 2 by the National Assembly speaker; judges serve 6-year terms, with renewal of 2 members every 2 years
subordinate courts: High Court of Justice (for crimes of high treason by the president); Courts of Appeal; Court of Auditors; assize courts; regional and district courts; Labor Court
Alliance for Citizenship and Work or ACT [Abdoul MBAYE]
Alliance for the Republic-Yakaar or APR [Macky SALL]
Alliance of Forces of Progress or AFP [Moustapha NIASSE]
And-Jef/African Party for Democracy and Socialism or AJ/PADS [Landing SAVANE]
Benno Bokk Yakaar or BBY (United in Hope) [Mahammed DIONNE] (coalition includes AFP, APR, BGC, LD-MPT, PIT, PS, and UNP)
Bokk Gis Gis coalition [Pape DIOP]
Citizen Movement for National Reform or MCRN-Bes Du Nakk [Mansour Sy DJAMIL]
Dare the Future movement [Aissata Tall SALL]
Democratic League-Labor Party Movement or LD-MPT [Mamadou NDOYE]
Democratic Renaissance Congress [NA]
Front for Socialism and Democracy/Benno Jubel or FSD/BJ [Cheikh Abdoulaye Bamba DIEYE]
Gainde Centrist Bloc or BCG [Jean-Paul DIAS Mendes]
General Alliance for the Interests of the Republic or AGIR [Thierno BOCOUM]
Grand Party or GP [Malick GAKOU]
Independence and Labor Party or PIT [Maguette THIAM]
Jotna Coalition [Dr Abdoulaye Niane]
Liberate the People (Yewwi Askan Wi) or YAW [Barthelemy DIAS, Ousmane SONKO, Khalifa SALL]
Madicke 2019 coalition [Madicke NIANG]
National Union for the People or UNP [Abdoul MBAYE]
Only Senegal Movement [Pierre Goudiaby ATEPA]
Party for Truth and Development or PVD [Cheikh Ahmadou Kara MBAKE]
Party of Unity and Rally or PUR [Cheikh Mouhamadou Moustapha SY]
Patriotic Convergence Kaddu Askan Wi or CP-Kaddu Askan Wi [Abdoulaye BALDE]
Patriots of Senegal for Ethics, Work and Fraternity or PASTEF [Ousmane SONKO]
Rewmi Party [Idrissa SECK]
Save Senegal (Wallu Senegal Grand Coalition) or WS [Abdoulaye WADE] (coalition includes PDS, Jotna Coalition, Democratic Renaissance Congress)
Senegalese Democratic Party or PDS [Abdoulaye WADE]
Socialist Party or PS [Ousmane Tanor DIENG]
Tekki Movement [Mamadou Lamine DIALLO]
ACP, AfDB, AU, CD, CPLP (associate), ECOWAS, EITI (candidate country), FAO, FZ, G-15, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINUSMA, MONUSCO, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNHRC, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
chief of mission: Ambassador Mansour Elimane KANE (since 6 January 2020)
chancery: 2215 M Street NW, Washington, DC 20007
contact@ambasenegal-us.org
http://www.ambasenegal-us.org/index.php
consulate(s) general: Houston, New York
chief of mission: Ambassador Michael RAYNOR (since February 2022); note - also accredited to Guinea-Bissau
embassy: Route des Almadies, Dakar
mailing address: 2130 Dakar Place, Washington DC 20521-2130
telephone: [221] 33-879-4000
DakarACS@state.gov
https://sn.usembassy.gov/
three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), yellow, and red with a small green five-pointed star centered in the yellow band; green represents Islam, progress, and hope; yellow signifies natural wealth and progress; red symbolizes sacrifice and determination; the star denotes unity and hope
note: uses the popular Pan-African colors of Ethiopia; the colors from left to right are the same as those of neighboring Mali and the reverse of those on the flag of neighboring Guinea
lion; national colors: green, yellow, red
name: "Pincez Tous vos Koras, Frappez les Balafons" (Pluck Your Koras, Strike the Balafons)
lyrics/music: Leopold Sedar SENGHOR/Herbert PEPPER
note: adopted 1960; lyrics written by Leopold Sedar SENGHOR, Senegal's first president; the anthem sometimes played incorporating the Koras (harp-like stringed instruments) and Balafons (types of xylophones) mentioned in the title
selected World Heritage Site locales: Island of Gorée (c); Niokolo-Koba National Park (n); Djoudj National Bird Sanctuary (n); Island of Saint-Louis (c); Stone Circles of Senegambia (c); Saloum Delta (c); Bassari Country: Bassari, Fula, and Bedik Cultural Landscapes (c)
Senegal's economy is driven by mining, construction, tourism, fisheries and agriculture, which are the primary sources of employment in rural areas. The country's key export industries include phosphate mining, fertilizer production, agricultural products and commercial fishing and Senegal is also working on oil exploration projects. It relies heavily on donor assistance, remittances and foreign direct investment. Senegal reached a growth rate of 7% in 2017, due in part to strong performance in agriculture despite erratic rainfall.
President Macky SALL, who was elected in March 2012 under a reformist policy agenda, inherited an economy with high energy costs, a challenging business environment, and a culture of overspending. President SALL unveiled an ambitious economic plan, the Emerging Senegal Plan (ESP), which aims to implement priority economic reforms and investment projects to increase economic growth while preserving macroeconomic stability and debt sustainability. Bureaucratic bottlenecks and a challenging business climate are among the perennial challenges that may slow the implementation of this plan.
Senegal receives technical support from the IMF under a Policy Support Instrument (PSI) to assist with implementation of the ESP. The PSI implementation continues to be satisfactory as concluded by the IMF's fifth review in December 2017. Financial markets have signaled confidence in Senegal through successful Eurobond issuances in 2014, 2017, and 2018.
The government is focusing on 19 projects under the ESP to continue The government's goal under the ESP is structural transformation of the economy. Key projects include the Thiès-Touba Highway, the new international airport opened in December 2017, and upgrades to energy infrastructure. The cost of electricity is a chief constraint for Senegal's development. Electricity prices in Senegal are among the highest in the world. Power Africa, a US presidential initiative led by USAID, supports Senegal's plans to improve reliability and increase generating capacity.
exports of goods and services: 27% (2017 est.)
groundnuts, watermelons, rice, sugar cane, cassava, millet, maize, onions, sorghum, vegetables
agricultural and fish processing, phosphate mining, fertilizer production, petroleum refining, zircon, and gold mining, construction materials, ship construction and repair
industry and services: 22.5% (2007 est.)
Mali 22%, Switzerland 14%, India 9%, China 7% (2019)
gold, refined petroleum, phosphoric acid, fish, ground nuts (2019)
China 17%, France 11%, Belgium 7%, Russia 7%, Netherlands 7% (2019)
refined petroleum, crude petroleum, rice, cars, malt extract, clothing and apparel (2019)
Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar -
wind: 0.5% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)
hydroelectricity: 6.3% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)
crude oil and lease condensate imports: 20,500 bbl/day (2018 est.)
production: 60.003 million cubic meters (2019 est.)
consumption: 60.003 million cubic meters (2019 est.)
from coal and metallurgical coke: 1.955 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)
from petroleum and other liquids: 8.64 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)
from consumed natural gas: 101,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)
9.221 million Btu/person (2019 est.)
general assessment: Senegal's telecom market continues to show steady growth in all sectors; this has been supported by the particular demands made on consumers during the pandemic, which resulted in a particularly strong increase in the number of subscribers; the mobile subscriber base increased 6.7% in 2020, year-on-year, and by 4.1% in 2021, while the number of fixed broadband subscribers increased 17.5% year-on-year in 2021; mobile internet platforms account for the vast majority of all internet accesses; quality of service issues continue to plague the market, with the regulator periodically issuing fines to the market players (2022)
domestic: generally reliable urban system with a fiber-optic network; about two-thirds of all fixed-line connections are in Dakar; mobile-cellular service is steadily displacing fixed-line service, even in urban areas; fixed-line roughly 1 per 100 and mobile-cellular 114 per 100 persons (2020)
international: country code - 221; landing points for the ACE, Atlantis-2, MainOne and SAT-3/WASC submarine cables providing connectivity from South Africa, numerous western African countries, Europe and South America; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2019)
state-run Radiodiffusion Television Senegalaise (RTS) broadcasts TV programs from five cities in Senegal; in most regions of the country, viewers can receive TV programming from at least 7 private broadcasters; a wide range of independent TV programming is available via satellite; RTS operates a national radio network and a number of regional FM stations; at least 7 community radio stations and 18 private-broadcast radio stations are available; transmissions of at least 5 international broadcasters are accessible on FM in Dakar (2019)
total: 7,199,890 (2020 est.)
inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 11
annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: 21,038 (2018)
annual freight traffic on registered air carriers: 40,000 (2018) mt-km
total: 20 (2021)
43 km gas, 8 km refined products (2017)
total: 906 km (2017) (713 km operational in 2017)
narrow gauge: 906 km (2017) 1.000-m gauge
total: 16,665 km (2017)
paved: 6,126 km (2017) (includes 241 km of expressways)
unpaved: 10,539 km (2017)
1,000 km (2012) (primarily on the Senegal, Saloum, and Casamance Rivers)
by type: general cargo 5, oil tanker 1, other 29 (2021)
major seaport(s): Dakar
Senegalese Armed Forces (les Forces Armées Sénégalaises, FAS): Army, Senegalese National Navy (Marine Senegalaise, MNS), Senegalese Air Force (l'Armee de l'Air du Senegal), National Gendarmerie (includes Territorial and Mobile components); Ministry of Interior: National Police (2022)
note: the National Police operates in major cities, while the Gendarmerie primarily operates outside urban areas
1.5% of GDP (2019 est.) (approximately $490 million)
1.6% of GDP (2018) (approximately $490 million)
approximately 19,000 active personnel (12,000 Army; 1,000 Navy/Coast Guard; 1,000 Air Force; 5,000 National Gendarmerie) (2022)
the FAS inventory includes mostly older or second-hand equipment from a variety of countries, including France, South Africa, and Russia/former Soviet Union; in recent years, the FAS has undertaken a modernization program; since 2010, it has received small amounts of newer equipment from more than 10 countries, with France as the leading supplier (2022)
18 years of age for voluntary military service for men and women; 20 years of age for selective conscript service; 2-year service obligation; women have been accepted into military service since 2008 (2022)
750 Gambia (ECOMIG); 970 Mali (MINUSMA); note - Senegal also has about 1,100 police deployed on various UN peacekeeping missions (2022)
Senegalese security forces continue to be engaged in a low-level counterinsurgency campaign in the southern Casamance region against various factions of the separatist Movement of Democratic Forces of the Casamance (MDFC); while violent incidents have decreased since a tacit cease-fire was reached in 2012, the insurgency, which began in 1982, continued as of mid-2022 and remained one of longest running low-level conflicts in the world, claiming more than 5,000 lives and leaving another 60,000 displaced (2022)
note: in August 2022, a representative of the Senegalese Government and a leader of the MFDC signed an agreement in which the MFDC pledged to lay down its arms and work towards a permanent peace
Jama'at Nusrat al-Islam wal-Muslimin (JNIM)
Senegal-Guinea-Bissau: rebels from the Movement of Democratic Forces in the Casamance find refuge in Guinea-Bissau
refugees (country of origin): 11,490 (Mauritania) (2022)
IDPs: 8,400 (2021)
tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List — Senegal does not fully meet the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking but is making significant efforts to do so; efforts include establishing an anti-trafficking database; planning the third phase of its program to remove vulnerable children, including trafficking victims, from the streets of major cities; launching an emergency campaign to place vulnerable children and forced begging victims in shelters due to COVID 19 pandemic; however, the government rarely proactively investigated or prosecuted traffickers exploiting children in forced begging; authorities did not take action against officials who refused to investigate such cases; officials only applied adequate prison terms in accordance with the 2005 anti-trafficking law to two convicted traffickers; authorities did not identify any adult trafficking victims; government officials continued to have a limited knowledge of trafficking; Senegal was downgraded to Tier 2 Watch List (2020)
trafficking profile: Senegal is a source, transit, and destination country for children and women who are subjected to forced begging, forced labor, and sex trafficking; traffickers subject Senegalese children to forced labor in domestic service, mining, and prostitution; some Senegalese boys from Quranic schools and boys from The Gambia, Mali, Guinea-Bissau, and Guinea are forced to beg; Senegalese women and girls are forced into domestic servitude in neighboring countries, Europe, and the Middle East, while others are sexually exploited in Senegal; women and girls from other West African countries are subjected to domestic servitude and sexual exploitation in Senegal; Ukrainian and Chinese women are exploited for sex trafficking in bars and nightclubs; North Korean workers are forced to work in construction
major transit point on the cocaine route from South America to Europe; the third-largest cannabis-producing country in West Africa


When you feel the need to patch up your boiler, the last thing you need is a hefty price tag. Speak with our team of specialists of skilled plumbing professionals for an expert yet affordable solution in Richmond upon thames TW9.
Keeping a flat running the course relies a surprising amount on having a functioning boiler, so having an expert on hand for fixs is important in Richmond upon thames TW9. Without electric water heater, life can get pretty miserable — thankfully there are good skilled plumbing technicians around to set right your heating system and bring back the warmth in Richmond upon thames TW9. Something as simple as a noisy boiler is probable that it is hiding a bigger predicament and the chances are that you'll need to contact an expert to fix the boiler. This is it is better because the sound inside of boilers is often owing to a build-up of debris in Richmond upon thames TW9. Boilers are an mandatory part of your home's infrastructure, and having yours in need of mend can be a nightmare without a healthy trained plumbing engineer in Richmond upon thames TW9.
When the heating at your business fails, you just can't wait for boiler fixs to be sorted in Richmond upon thames TW9.
When it is a great time for put right the boiler, look no further than our trained plumbing specialists for a low cost yet professional set right in Richmond upon thames TW9. When you call in an expert skilled plumbing engineer for a boiler fix you need to have confidence in their abilities for joy of mind in Richmond upon thames TW9. It is more competitive to experiment and maintain the condition of your boiler with frequent inspections that technology if a issue does arise, the professional will be able to mend the boiler before the condition worsens in Richmond upon thames TW9. We would never expect you to bathe in your child in cold water, so when your boiler does break you must contact us immediately to set right the boiler. We know that you would view the situation as an emergency, and we do too in Richmond upon thames TW9. We vital the team to repair boiler difficulties quickly and they did a great job for our tenants and us in Richmond upon thames TW9.
At a frustrating and worrying time, our team never overcharge you for our high-quality boiler put right set right in Richmond upon thames TW9.
There are a lot of components inside of your heating device and that is why you must permanently let a trained put right a boiler that has broken in Richmond upon thames TW9. When the boiler starts acting up, call an expert in plumbing to come and check it out — it isn't the bad vibe waiting for a minor hiccup to become a major put right in Richmond upon thames TW9. What's necessary is a company that can be trusted to put right boilers and welcome with any other plumbing headaches in Richmond upon thames TW9. Boiler put right is simple and stress-free when you work with us. Our team of specialists of professional trained plumbing technicians will ensure that an sensible and affordable fix is carried out in Richmond upon thames TW9. If your heating device has broken, there's no need to panic — there are great experienced plumbing engineers in easy reach who are more than capable of fixing it in Richmond upon thames TW9.
We've to advise that you contact a registered professional to patch up your heating device; otherwise you could end up with a mess that is bigger than the one that you started with in Richmond upon thames TW9.
Our boiler service patch up is as professional as it is affordable. Contact our team of professionals of the plumbing today to find out more in Richmond upon thames TW9. Most makes fear have combination boilers in their house because they can to lead an immediate heat source. If a combination boiler does break, then you will need to seek professional aid to mend the boiler, as a result of a number of components that combination boilers have in Richmond upon thames TW9. It is the disaster going out of your way to get a qualified professional to repair your heating system, as a slapdash job will only bring you more anguish in Richmond upon thames TW9. Fast getting your heating system fixed is vital to minimise the amount of disruption the breakdown causes you in Richmond upon thames TW9. Keeping the children warm and clean is disgrace the expense of calling out an emergency plumbing technician to mend the boiler in Richmond upon thames TW9.
Powering through the winter months can take its toll on your boiler, so if it breaks or wears out get it fixed by a healthy plumbing professional in Richmond upon thames TW9.
Thanks to our extensive excellence and competence we can fix your boiler with minimal fuss at an affordable fee Phone us today to find out more and get a quote in Richmond upon thames TW9. Finding an experienced plumbing expert to help with a boiler set right on short notice can be a real quandary but looking online on the internet makes it easier in Richmond upon thames TW9. Knowing a reliable qualified plumbing professional makes it far easier to get boiler repair difficulties fixed up in rental properties in Richmond upon thames TW9. Are you having headaches with your boiler? It is not improbable to be in need of professional boiler patch up Speak to our team of professionals of trained plumbing experts today for a quick and affordable quote in Richmond upon thames TW9. Business tenants require heating and electric water heater at all times, so landlords are recommended to have a reliable boiler put right put right in Richmond upon thames TW9. Get in touch with our friendly team of experts to get your boiler repair complications sorted in a jiffy in Richmond upon thames TW9.
As fuel oil safety engineers, we believe that you are our livelihood. In general, we rely on word of mouth to profit customers, so we treat every boiler mishap as an emergency, and books hard to patch up any boiler safely in Richmond upon thames TW9.
One of the biggest problems associated with boilers is carbon monoxide poisoning, which occurs when a boiler develops a fault. Thanks to this, you can make sure that you contact a Boiler in wood Safe engineer to fix the boiler if you do notice a hiccup It would be advisable to have the boiler often assessed, as carbon monoxide is difficult to detect in Richmond upon thames TW9. If you suspect that of damage could have affected your heating instrument then you can contact a specialist experienced plumbing expert immediately to mend the boiler. Otherwise, you is not unlikely to be at risk, and there is not unlikely to be a boiler in wood leak within your property in Richmond upon thames TW9. Feeling the chill? It could well be time to mend your heating instrument Contact us today to speak with a certified plumbing professional who can get the job done quickly and effectively in Richmond upon thames TW9. Most trained plumbing specialists that have the ability to fix a boiler will call themselves boiler in wood safe engineers, and using one protects you from all angles in Richmond upon thames TW9. Looking to service your heating equipment Get in touch with one of our expert trained plumbing specialists for a low-cost quote in Richmond upon thames TW9.
If you are looking for an affordable technology to fix your boiler, our team of qualified plumbing specialists have the most setting in place solution. Call us today for a no engagement quote in Richmond upon thames TW9.
Boiler mend does not have to be stressful; speak with one of our trained plumbing technicians for a quick, professional and affordable put right in Richmond upon thames TW9. Are you having problems with your central heating? It may possibly be time to fix your heating equipment Contact one of our trained plumbing engineers for an wise low-cost solution in Richmond upon thames TW9. My boiler's timer is on the fritz, so I am looking for a local skilled plumbing professional who can repair it in Richmond upon thames TW9. If you attempt to put right a boiler yourself, it's likely that you will run into more difficulties further down the line. Leave it to a professional skilled plumbing professional to carry out the job once and for all - safely and effectively in Richmond upon thames TW9. If you find that your heating device keeps turning off on its own, then it is better aim to contact a skilled plumbing professional in two shakes of a lambs tail. A skilled plumbing professional will be able to service the boiler and make sure that the malfunction quickly disappears in Richmond upon thames TW9.
If you need boiler set right services, do not waste time and money - give our plumbing professionals a call for a quick, affordable and professional mend in Richmond upon thames TW9.
If you do have children at flat then the dwelling needs to be kept warm during the colder months of the year. If your boiler does break, then you must take the right steps to patch up the boiler, starting by contacting a qualified electric boiler safe engineer in Richmond upon thames TW9. As boilers age, the likelihood of them getting damaged increases. The quicker you patch up a boiler that has gotten obsolete due to wear and tear, the better in Richmond upon thames TW9. Our experienced plumbing experts can offer an affordable yet professional repair when it comes to boiler patch up. Contact us today for an affordable quote in Richmond upon thames TW9. We all know what It is like to have a broken boiler, and before you go reaching for your thermal underpants, you must reach for your phone Plumbing engineers can without waiting for more patch up a boiler quicker than ever before, so it won�۪t take long to heat your residence up again in Richmond upon thames TW9. We in a diligent manner forget just how much we rely on hot water, until it disappears. You must aim to patch up a boiler that has broken at once; otherwise, the cold water could impact your mental health in Richmond upon thames TW9.
patch up the boiler without a hefty fee tag, caused by our affordable trained plumbing engineers. We are on hand to provide you with an estimate and pricing today - get in touch without waiting for more in Richmond upon thames TW9!
When an engineer arrives to patch up your heating system he will initial have to inspect your heating system and find out exactly why it is not functioning the way that it should be in Richmond upon thames TW9.


text:
Henriëtte van Aalderen-Sprée (born 14 April 1976) is a Dutch former professional tennis player.

Born in Amsterdam, Van Aalderen competed in professional tournaments during the 1990s. She won three ITF singles titles and 12 ITF doubles titles. Her only WTA Tour main-draw appearance came in the doubles at Rosmalen in 1996, partnering Annemarie Mikkers.

ITF Circuit finals

Singles (3–1)

Doubles (12–6)

References

External links

1976 births
Living people
Dutch female tennis players
Tennis players from Amsterdam
20th-century Dutch women
20th-century Dutch people
21st-century Dutch women

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Pvt. Peter Thompson Accounts (only) -- C Co.
General of the Army (Medicine Man/Chief))
An Irish Dragoon
Garryowen
Pvt. Peter Thompson Accounts (only) -- C Co. Sept 2, 2016 11:37:42 GMT -5
Post by keogh on Sept 2, 2016 11:37:42 GMT -5
Here is an undated letter (prob. Jan. 1909) from Peter Thompson to Walter Camp found in the Camp Collection (LBBNM) replying to a series of questions Camp provided him, with my annotations in brackets: PART I
1:-- When Custer and his five troops first came out on the bluffs, in sight of the river, which was probably somewhere near where Reno and his men retreated up the bluffs, if I am correctly informed, what did you see of the village? Did you see any warriors in the village or in the valley, over across the river, and did you see Reno and his three companies advancing down the valley to attack the village?
[Thompson reply:] When we came in sight of the river, the cavalry [ie. Custer's 5 companies] gave the charging yell. Their horses were urged into a gallop. Looking into the village, I noticed a small party of Indians starting toward their vast herd of ponies [likely on the upper bench land west of the village], another party of Indians [ed. likely the women, children and noncombatants] charging to the lower [ie. northern] end of the village, [and] another party [ed. likely warriors] advancing toward the upper [ie. southern] end. The appearance of Reno with his 3 cos. made them hesitate. The appearance of Major Reno's command I will describe this way. He, with the officers in that charge, was coming down the left bank of the river, his 3 cos. [moving] front into line by platoons. [Note: Another indication that the command may have been operating by platoons as the basic unit.] The officers at their respective places a little in advance of their respective cos.
2:-- What was the formation of Custer's five companies at this time? Were they marching in column of fours or in column of twos?
[Thompson reply:] When we [first] sighted the village about three-fourth's of a mile from Benteen or [Ash/]Reno Creek, the cos. were ordered into sets of fours. [Note: Thompson gives an important clue as to where Custer's wing first arrived on the bluffs to get its first view of the village. 3/4 of a mile north of Ash/Reno Creek. This location would be the approximate location of Mathey's knoll.] Previous to that time we marched in sets of twos. [Note: Custer's wing at that time were marching 5 companies abreast, not one company following the other.] The last set of fours composing C Co. were [Farrier] Fitzgerald, [Pvt.] Brennan, [Pvt.] Watson and myself. Neither of us ever reached the battlefield of Custer. At this point [ed. apparently about 3/4 of a mile shy of Reno Hill], I had to leave my horse for I had fallen far behind as my horse could only keep up a staggering walk. Five Indians [would later] come up the bluff close to me.
Last Edit: Feb 23, 2018 14:44:51 GMT -5 by moderator
"The more I see of movement here (Little Big Horn Battlefield), the more I have admiration for Custer, and I am satisfied his like will not be found very soon again."
~ Gen. Nelson Miles, Commanding General of the Army
"With our cherished ones deliverance within our grasp we waited breathless two hours, for the order that never came."
Captain Thomas B. Weir, Oct. 22, 1876.
Pvt. Peter Thompson Accounts (only) -- C Co. Sept 3, 2016 2:54:50 GMT -5
Post by keogh on Sept 3, 2016 2:54:50 GMT -5
Here is an undated letter (prob. Jan. 1909) from Peter Thompson to Walter Camp found in the Camp Collection (LBBNM) replying to a series of questions Camp provided him, with my annotations in brackets: PART II
3:-- On the map I have marked in red pencil the route which the Crow Scout "Curley" told me that Custer took. Curley walked over the ground with me at one time and told me that Custer and his five companies went down the bed of that dry creek [ie. Medicine Tail Coulee] to the point marked "Ford B," and tried to cross the Little Big Horn at that point, but was driven back by the Indians. I would like to ask you whether you agree with Curley about this. That is, did Custer's column come down the dry creek [of Medicine Tail Coulee] to the river, and did he attempt to cross at that point with the intention of attacking the village there?
[Thompson reply:] The last time I saw Curley, the Crow scout, just before the battle commenced, was in this way. In the meantime I joined [Pvt.] Watson, I on foot -- he on horseback. Curley came out of the river, dragging at the end of a rawhide rope a Sioux squaw. Curley was mounted on his horse. At this time, Custer rode out of Ford B and rode toward Curley, and in a moment Curley turned the squaw loose. When the conversation ceased between them, Curley left Custer and went upstream. Custer returned to Ford B and disappeared. Custer did not try to cross at Ford B; neither was Curley in the fight. [Note: Thompson is mistaken about his identification of Curley as the Indian scout he saw down at the river about 30 minutes prior to the start of the Custer fight. He is also mistaken in identifying as Ford B the crossing he saw Custer at. Thompson's ford is about a mile upstream from Ford B. It is suspected by many students of the battle that it was Walter Camp himself who influenced Peter Thompson to assume such a mis-identification in both cases.]
4:-- Will you mark on the map with red pencil the approximate route which Custer took from the point where he struck the river [at Ford B] up to where the first [of his] dead were found on the battlefield at "C" [ie. Finley Ridge]?
[Thompson reply:] If I could do so and be correct it would allow me to give you but little information. When me and Watson was below Ford B [sic. Thompson's Ford,] we saw Billy Jackson's [sic. Cross'] horse with his left hind leg gashed and bleeding. When I called Watson's attention to this mater [sic. matter], he told me the following. When he [Watson] was coming down [the bluffs] towards the river he met Jackson [sic. Cross] bareheaded and one stirrup [was] gone. When he was questioned by Watson he said, "Have you seen Custer?" Watson said, "No." Said Jackson [sic. Cross], "He shot at me and shot away my stirrup," and giving a frightened look behind him, he sped away [back] to [the] Tongue [sic. Powder] River. The impression [he had] is that he led Custer [to the] wrong [ford] and therefore Custer took a shot at him. [Note: It seems clear that Watson misidentified the half-breed scout Billy Cross for the half-breed scout Billy Jackson in his account. Jackson was actually in the valley timber fight with Reno during the time Watson made this reference to Thompson. Cross, on the other hand, was known to be in the general area of these two troopers.]
Here is an undated letter (prob. Jan. 1909) from Peter Thompson to Walter Camp found in the Camp Collection (LBBNM) replying to a series of questions Camp provided him, with my annotations in brackets: PART III
5:-- You speak of Custer's fight starting at a cut bank, on the river, and drifting back to where the monument is on the [Last Stand] hill. Now, there is a cut bank [ie. lower Boyer's Bluff] right at the mouth of that dry creek [ie. Medicine Tail Coulee] and another about a quarter of a mile down the stream [ie. Greasy Grass Hill]. At which of these was it that Custer commenced fighting?
[Thomson reply:] Having received a map from Washington called the Montana Custer Battlefield drawn by the U.S. Geological Survey, dated 1908, and having compared yours with it, it is to me a little confusing, and I would naturally suppose that the cut-bank where the fight commenced was a short distance below the monument. [Note: Of the two locations presented to him by Camp, Thompson expresses confusion over his understanding of the map, then further confuses the issue by supposing the cut bank was only a short distance below Last Stand Hill. Clearly, Thompson was not adept at map reading or identifying particular terrain features that he witnessed.]
6:-- How far downstream from the mouth of that dry creek [ie. Medicine Tail Coulee], at Ford "B" [ie. Ford B-1], did you and Watson go? [ed. you will note here how Camp also is confused about Thompson and Watson's route, mistakenly assuming that they ever moved downstream of Ford B-1. In point of fact, it is clear from Thompson's account that they never did.] and will you mark a dotted red line to show the route which you and he followed back to Reno?
[Thompson reply:] Where Watson left his horse in the middle of the ford [ie. Thompson's ford] where he [then] joined me on the bank, where I had been firing at the Indians and covering his retreat. His horse, of course, naturally fell into the hands of the Indians. We then proceeded down the river in the direction which Custer had taken to join his command. How far we proceeded from the fording place [ie. Thompson's ford upriver from Ford B-1] is hard for me to tell for the simple reason [that] we made two [failed] attempts to join our co. [Note: Thompson discovered that his path north towards Medicine Tail Coulee and Ford B-1 was blocked by the high and steep cut banks of Boyer's Bluff at the river's edge.]
7:-- How far were you from the river when your horse gave out, and how came you and Watson to be together? Did his horse give out at the same time as yours?
[Thompson reply:] My horse gave out 600 [yards] from the river [apparently on Mathey's hill about 3/4 of a mile north of Ash/Reno Creek]. When the five Indians came up [the bluffs] and seeing that the odds [of fighting them] were too great, I found [that] the only way to escape was down a ravine to my right where I left my horse standing on what I claim to be a buffalo trail, leading [down the bluffs] to the river. On the hillside above this ravine was a high pillar of rock which I thought would make a good place for defense, but after reaching it, I changed my mind. I then directed my course to where I thought the trail would lead [down the bluffs] to the river. On the river bottom [below the bluffs] I overtook Watson, and as we were proceeding toward the fording place [ie. Thompson's ford], what we saw there was answered in question "3". When we attempted to cross the river [at Thompson's ford] into the Indian village, we got only halfway across when Watson had to leave his horse owing to the fact that the Indians opened fire on us, the village [there] being close to the river bank.
Last Edit: Sept 3, 2016 13:45:59 GMT -5 by keogh
Here is an undated letter (prob. Jan. 1909) from Peter Thompson to Walter Camp found in the Camp Collection (LBBNM) replying to a series of questions Camp provided him, with my annotations in brackets: PART IV
8:-- Mr. Knipe says that when your horse gave out you left him standing and walked back to Reno without him. John McGuire says that you led your horse all the way back to where you met Reno and his men, and that your horse was killed just as you got to the top of the bluff, Reno then being attacked by the Indians. Which is right about this, Knipe or McGuire? and how about Watson's horse?
[Thompson reply:] Mr. Knipe is right. The horse was picked up by Reno's command as they advanced [towards the Weir Peaks] along on the trail that Custer had taken. It was recognized and taken charge of by [Farrier] Fitzgeral of Co. C and was killed that evening in the entrenchments [on Reno Hill] at 7 o'clock. As I have already stated, Watson [was] on horseback [when I met him] and I on foot, thinking it was safer to reach the Indian village, as we thought the cavalry had possession [of the village by then,] owing to the fact that there was a guidon [from one of Reno's troops] sticking into the ground near one of the tepees. The Indians [then] rushed out and opened fire on us. Watson's horse, being played out, he was left in the middle of the river.
9:-- Did you hear the beginning of Reno's fight in the valley; where was Custer and his five troops at this time; and how long after that did Custer's fight begin?
[Thompson reply:] I did not see the commencement of Reno's fight [in the valley] for the simple reason that the fight was finished while I was in the ravine [on the side of the bluffs,] which did not exceed more than 15 minutes. The five cos. of the right wing was stationed about one mile below where Watson and I saw the guidon [from Reno's battalion] sticking close to the tepee. Custer, as I have already stated, was away from his command [ed. apparently on a leader's recon] without any of his staff or orderly, and when he disappeared at the fording place [ie. Thompson's ford] Watson and I supposed that he had either rode through the village or waded his horse downstream in order to join his command; but we think the river bed is the course he took. [Note: It was likely neither. Custer, in all likelihood, simply rode back the way he came, over and across upper Boyer's Bluff and down into Western Coulee while Thompson and Watson were distracted in a different direction.] It was about one half [of] an hour from the time of Reno's retreat [from the timber position in the valley] until the [Custer] fight commenced at the cut bank [ie. Greasy Grass Hill] between Custer and the Indians. [Note: This time estimate by Peter Thompson is remarkably accurate when compared to our Participant Timeline, which has Reno's retreat from the timber beginning about 2:10 p.m. and Custer's fight at Ford B beginning about 2:40 p.m.]
Here is an undated letter (prob. Jan. 1909) from Peter Thompson to Walter Camp found in the Camp Collection (LBBNM) replying to a series of questions Camp provided him, with my annotations in brackets: PART V
10:-- Where do you remember seeing Mitch Bouyer and the Crow Scout Curley for the last time with Custer's five companies?
[Thompson reply:] See [reply] to question "3". The Crow scout Curley is disposed of as far as I know. On the 27th of June, while going around [the Custer field] with Half Yellow Face or Bloody Hands, a Crow scout, I found the body of Mitch Bouyer in the brush laying on his back close to the site of the Indian village. [Note: Archaeological evidence has identified Boyer's death site as being a short distance northeast of the head cut of Deep Ravine.] While I may be wrong, I was under the impression that he was making an independent scout by Custer's command.
11:-- Do you remember whether Trumpeter Kramer or Trumpeter Lewis of "C" Troop [both killed on Custer's field], was an orderly for the General on June 25?
[Thompson reply:] I do not know, although C Company was next to headquarters on the 24th of June. Company F was next to headquarters on the 25th, so I think that one of F Company's trumpeters may have blown the calls [for Custer's Headquarters during the battle]. Private [Charles] Bishoff [sic. Bischoff] of C Company was orderly for Custer on the day of the fight. [Note: Trumpeter Martin corroborates Thompson's recollection here when he claimed that a "Bishop" was one of 3 trumpeters assigned to Custer's HQ on June 25th. Regimental returns list Bischoff at the Powder River depot, but Martin and Thompson's accounts would dispute the accuracy of those returns. Trumpeter Bischoff would survive the battle with Reno's command. Its a shame that Walter Camp never interviewed him before his death as this would clear up a long enduring mystery of the battle -- how did Bischoff end up with Reno's command if he had been riding with Custer's HQ on June 25th?] The Chief Trumpeter [Henry Voss] is always with headquarters. I have forgotten his name.
12:-- When you and Watson got back to Reno's command on the evening of June 25, did any of the officers ask you about Custer's battle? The reason I ask you this question is because some of the officers, including Godfrey, think that Custer and his five companies never got nearer the river than where they were found dead.
[Thompson reply:] There were no questions asked whatever by the officers. How do these officers [like Godfrey] know as to whether Custer got near the river or not[?]
A letter from Peter Thompson to Walter Camp dated April 10, 1910, from the Brigham Young University Walter Camp Collection, with my annotations in brackets:
Mr. W.M. Camp Dear Sir
I received a leter from you some time ago but in transfering it from one ranch to another I lost it but I remember in reading it you wished to learn as to Watson's resons [sic. reasons] for turning in on the same trail I took, but I do not remember asking him, but my impreson [sic. impression] is that he folowed [sic. followed] the plainest trail, thinking it the right one owing to the fact that Sargent [sic. Sergeant] Finkle had Disapeared [sic. disappeared] before Watson made the raise [sic. rise] of a hill; as you know there is several [rises] on the trail [across the bluffs] leading to the Battle field. Mr Boonez[?] I dont know but if he belonged to the company you say he belonged to he must have been on some detached duty....
A letter from Peter Thompson to Walter Camp (from the Camp Letters at BYU) dated Feb. 12, 1909, with my annotations in brackets:
Mr. W.M. Camp
I think [that] in your interview with [the] officers and men that was [sic. were] with the '76 campaign under Terry and Custer to [the] Little Horn River, you must, as a matter of course, [have] received a good deal of conflicting accounts of that affair. It always has been so [well] understood [by many] that Curley, the Crow scout, was in the fight that ended Custer's days, but in my former letter I gave my statement to show that he could not have taken part therein, and at this time I am still in the same believe [sic. belief].
You ask if we [ie. Watson and himself] was [sic. were] close enough to Custer and Curley to recognize them [down at Thompson's Ford]. I stated [that we were] 400 feet [away from them]. When I and Watson saw him come out of the [Thompson] ford, we deflected to the right [ie. east], so as to go straight to the point where we saw him come out [of the ford], we, of course, moving all the time. When Custer rode [back] towards the [Thompson] ford, the distance between us grew less. We was [sic. were] between him and the river [ie. the river made a loop behind them at this point]. He had not traveled far on his return to the ford when he noticed me and Watson. He had the bridle in his left hand. His right hand rested on the stock of his [Remington Sporting] rifle. He slightly checked his horse, raised his right hand from the stock of his gun, [then] waved his right hand twice in a half circle for us to follow[him], and pointed downstream.
Billy Jackson [sic. Billy Cross] did not go back to [the] Tongue [sic. Powder] River with the Ree scouts, but went alone. There was [sic. were] twenty-two Ree scouts with the expedition. Eighteen [of them] went back [to the Powder River depot] on the 25th, [but] several stayed with Reno's command. [Note: Hardorff identifies these four as Foolish Red Bear, Young Hawk, Forked Horn and Goose.] I met them [ie. the Rees] going back with a number of horses and mules they had captured [from the Sioux in the valley] just before I left my [own played out] horse on the hill [at the start of the battle].
As a matter of course, I am answering your question from my [own] point of view. I do not think that any two persons can look at the same thing and tell it in the same way, because our temperaments [ie. mindsets] are not the same. I have, in answering your questions, endeavored to do so truthfully. It may be as a preacher told me once, "Thompson, your memory is to[o] good."
I am yours, respectfully,
[Signed:] Peter Thompson
Alzada, Custer County, Montana
The end portion of Daniel Kanipe's letter to Walter Camp dated July 20th, 1908, with my annotations in brackets:
P.S. There was a man by the name of [Pvt. Peter] Thompson in Troop C that I have just thought of, that was wounded on the hill with us at Reno's stand. He was wounded in the arm [ie. in the right hand on June 26th]. If we can find him, and [if] he has a good recollection, he can tell you a great deal of importance in this [dismounted] charge [of Benteen's on June 26th]. Since I come to think of it, this man was with Custer close to the ford where he first attempted to cross. He lost his horse by some means down there and came walking to the top of the hill, where Reno's last stand was. He was with Custer and his men when I left them [ed. at the south end of Sharpshooter Ridge]. His horse's giving out left him to turn off to the left of the march [across the bluffs] and he got lost from the five companies, and [later on] came back to us. He may be somewhere in the United States, and if he is, he is drawing a [military] pension.
Last Edit: Sept 22, 2016 0:08:54 GMT -5 by keogh
Pvt. Peter Thompson Accounts (only) -- C Co. Sept 22, 2016 0:08:38 GMT -5
Post by keogh on Sept 22, 2016 0:08:38 GMT -5
A letter from Walter Camp to Daniel Kanipe dated April 4, 1923 (John M. Carroll Collection), with my annotations in brackets:
My dear Mr. Knipe:--
Now I want to take up with you, for some further discussion, Peter Thompson's story of his experiences on the afternoon of June 25, 1876, after he left his company because of his played-out horse. You know that neither you nor I could ever reconcile his story about seeing Gen. Custer in person down at the river a few minutes [ed. Thompson said about 30 minutes] before Custer's battle started up on the ridge. [Note: Camp could never reconcile this account due to his mistaken impression that Thompson was at Ford B during this event as opposed to the ford Thompson actually described further upstream. Many other authors and students of the battle have made the same mistake over the years.]
Now, a year ago last fall Peter Thompson was in Washington at the burial of the Unknown Soldier and Gen. Godfrey gave a dinner at the Army & Navy Club to a half dozen enlisted men who were survivors of the battle of the Little Bighorn. Among these was Thompson, and he told them his story of all that happened after he left Custer's command, just as he told it to you and me on the battlefield. Godfrey and the rest of them did not believe him and told him so, and Thompson took offense and left before the party broke up. However, it is a fact beyond dispute that Thompson was a straggler from Custer's five companies, but all the things he tells of seeing can hardly be reconciled with known facts. [Ed. Especially if one continues to mistakenly place him at the wrong ford!]
As I recall what you told me of Thompson, you saw him come up the slope from the river bottom, leading his horse, but did not see Watson with him. In all my investigations I have never found anyone who ever heard Watson tell of being with Thompson that afternoon. Now I have found a man of French's company [ M] named [Pvt. William] Slaper, who enlisted with Watson in Cincinnati in 1875, and was discharged with him at Fort Meade in 1880, and they were intimate friends whenever the two companies were thrown together. Slaper says he remembers distinctly that on the evening of June 25, 1876, Watson came in [to Reno Hill] with the rear guard [likely on its return from the advance towards the Weir Peaks], under McDougall, leading his horse, and explained that his horse had played out some distance back toward the Rosebud, and that he had waited until the rear guard came along and then walked with it, leading his played-out horse. Slaper says Watson never at that time, or any other time, told him of being with Thompson, although they often talked over together the events of the battle. He feels sure that if Watson ever had such a thrilling experience down at the river, opposite the Indian village, as Thompson tells about, he would undoubtedly told him something about it.
Now, what do you think of this story of Slaper's? You rode back and met [Capt.] McDougall somewhere near the water hole and then was with the rear guard until it reached the river [note: the rear guard never reached the river], and if Watson was with the rear guard then, I wonder if you would recall it? [Note: There is no recorded response from Kanipe on this question.] [Pvt.] John Mahoney [of C Co.] who was with the rear guard all day, was the first to tell me that Watson was with Thompson, so the story of Slaper disagrees with that of Mahoney. If Watson fell back to the rear guard, being one of Mahoney's own company, it would seem that Mahoney would remember the incident. [Note: Unless, of course, Watson joined the rear guard during its retreat to Reno Hill from the aborted advance to the Weir Peaks.]
On the other hand, as Watson was one of your own company [ C], and you did not see him come in [to Reno Hill] with Thompson, it does seem strange that you do not recall having learned how he came to be with the party on Reno Hill instead of with his company under Custer. If I make myself clear, I wish you would write me the result of your deliberation over this matter after you have had time to think about it. [Note: There is no record that Kanipe ever did so.] Most of Thompson's story is plausible to me, but there are some things about it that are difficult to understand.
W.M. Camp
Pvt. Peter Thompson Accounts (only) -- C Co. Sept 25, 2016 17:58:47 GMT -5
Post by keogh on Sept 25, 2016 17:58:47 GMT -5
Here is a letter from Walter Camp to Capt. Francis Gibson, dated Feb. 2, 1909 (Camp Collection, LBBNM), with my annotations in brackets:
Dear Sir:--
I thank you for your letter of the 7th inst. giving me information of the death of [Sgt.] Richard P. Hanley [of C Co.]. [Note: This information provided by Gibson was incorrect. Hanley was very much alive and would later be interviewed by Camp in 1910.] I have been asked a great number of times if I could give the address of Hanley. He seems to have been a very popular man in the regiment. The fact that you have seen nothing of him in recent years leads me to ask you a question. Hanley was a "C" Troop man in 1876 and I find that in that troop there was then, and for some years afterward, common talk among the enlisted men to the effect that certain men of "C" Troop left Gen. Custer's battalion later than Trumpeter Martin, who is commonly supposed to have been the last white man to have left that command and survived. The first "C" Troop man that I met [ed. likely Sgt. Kanipe] told me, much to my surprise, that I was wrong in supposing Martin to have been the last man to leave Custer and reach Reno, and suggested that all I need to do to convince myself was to investigate. This I have done cautiously, giving no one a hint in advance of what I was driving at, so that there can be no collusion.
I have met and talked with three men of this troop [ie. Daniel Kanipe, John Mahoney, John McGuire] who were with it on the Little Big Horn on June 25 and 26, 1876, and all of them, independently, at different times and different places, tell me essentially the same story, to the effect that the horses of Watson and Thompson, privates in "C" Troop, gave out that these men followed Custer on foot all the way to the ford at the middle of the village, where Custer went but did not attempt to cross. [Note: This would likely be at Thompson's Ford, a distance upriver from Ford B. Camp would mistakenly believe this ford was actually Ford B.] Finally the Indians got between them and the five companies and they were compelled to fall back, and joined Reno just as he was falling back [from the Weir Peak advance] to the point where he fortified [on Reno Hill]. Last of all, I have found Thompson, and he has told me the story of his experiences in much detail, corroborating all that I had heard before from the three other men.
While in Washington recently I visited the Soldier's Home and there met an "M" Troop man [ie. Pvt. Frank Sniffen] who gave me particulars of the same story without any suggestion or assistance of any kind from me. I asked him where he obtained the information and he said that [Sgt.] Richard P. Hanley told it to him not long after the battle. He assured me that Hanley believed Thompson's story to be true and that Hanley always disputed Martin's claim to be the last man to leave Custer's column and reach Reno. This winter I have had two lengthy interviews with Gen. W.S. Edgerly, and, among other things, I told him this story. It took him much by surprise. He said he had never heard even a whisper of such a thing before, although he had served with "C" Troop shortly after the Little Big Horn campaign.
The story gives some interesting things down at the river, before the Indians drove him and his command back on the [Battle] ridge, and it all seems plausible enough, but the strangest thing about the whole matter to me has been that this story has never come to the ears of the commissioned officers. Gen. Edgerly says that if one officer had known of the story it is likely that all officers of the regiment would have heard of it. I have discussed this phase of the matter with several of the enlisted men, and they tell me that the fact of the story not becoming known to the officers is no difficulty at all -- that after the battle the officers never encouraged discussion of the details of the fighting, and that the habitual reserve between officers and enlisted men operated both ways. However this may be, there stands the incontrovertible fact the story (whether true or not) was current among the survivors of "C" Troop thirty or more years ago. I have the story from five independent sources [ie. Daniel Kanipe, John Mahoney, John McGuire, Frank Sniffen, & Peter Thompson], having met three of the narrators face to face....
Colonel (Pipe Holder)
Post by Gerry on Sept 26, 2016 10:56:17 GMT -5
Sept 26, 2016 7:54:58 GMT -5 benteeneast said:
Thompson can not see battle ridge from his location. Clair and Gerry have covered that previously. Gerry provided a visual viewscape on a terrain map based upon terrain feature interference.
Benteeneast
Inside the white line is the view Thompson had as he was concealed in the buffalo berry bush.
Custer's command drawn up in battle line, two men deep in a half circle, facing the Indians
Last Edit: Sept 26, 2016 10:58:17 GMT -5 by Gerry
"Now, Custer, don't be greedy, but wait for us." General Gibbon
"No, I will not." Custer, noon, June 22, 1876 passing in review.
Thompson was likely referring to its extension at Finley Ridge.
garryowen,
Pvt. Peter Thompson Accounts (only) -- C Co. Oct 9, 2016 14:16:48 GMT -5
Post by keogh on Oct 9, 2016 14:16:48 GMT -5
A portion of a letter from Walter Camp to Gen. Godfrey, dated May 28, 1923 (Godfrey Family Papers, Carlisle Military Library) with my annotations in brackets:
My dear Gen. Godfrey:
[Pvt.] Slaper's story [published in Brininstool's book A Trooper With Custer] reads well, but, like yourself, I did not find anything new in it. Nearly all of the important facts that he gives I have heard stated a good many times. Yes, Brininstool wrote me about Slaper's comment on Peter Thompson's story. Unfortunately for Thompson, his story of his own experience in that battle contains about three incidents that are utterly impossible [ed. especially so without comprehending his correct whereabouts in the field]. In 1910 I was on the battlefield with both Thompson and Sergeant Knipe together, and Thompson went over his whole story with us in detail. Now, Knipe and Thompson were bosom friends, but Knipe told me privately, right there, that certain things about Thompson's story were unbelievable.
It is a fact well authenticated that Thompson and Watson were stragglers behind Custer's column that day -- they were not detailed with the packs. Knipe himself was with his company, as you know (C Company), and he says that Thompson was with the company when Gen. Custer sent him (Knipe) back with the message to Capt. McDougall. Knipe says the next thing he saw of Thompson was that he came up from the [direction of] the river leading his horse just about the time that you, with K Company, were holding the Indians off and falling back -- in other words, Thompson alone (Watson was not with him, says Knipe) straggled onto the bluff, from the river side, almost the last thing before the Indians closed in and attacked the seven companies there [on Reno Hill]. Thompson is on record as having received a medal of honor, in October 1878, for having brought water from the river while in wounded condition; and he was wounded severely enough to be sent down on the Far West when it went to Fort A. Lincoln with the wounded.
Thompson has a large ranch in Montana and is wealthy. I have been at his home. He is a peculiar man, however. The people up there regard him as one of the best citizens in that part of the country. Years ago, in the cattle range days, southeastern Montana was full of desperate characters, and this man Thompson, so his neighbors tell me, was the leading spirit in closing saloons along the Little Missouri. Whenever the law-abiding people had to go against the gang Thompson took the lead, and defied some of the toughest men in a all that country. The old-timers in Belle Fouche have great praise for Peter Thompson. He is well known through that part of the country. It is regrettable, therefore, that a man who has such a spendid reputation locally tells a story of the battle of the Little Bighorn that will not hold together. [Note: The Participant Timeline here demonstrates that the Peter Thompson story does indeed hold together timewise, although not everyone will choose to believe what Thompson claimed to have seen and done.] I had his story, in all its details, in 1909, and have thought it over a good many times to try to reconcile it with the known facts, or to account for ideas on which he is certainly mistaken, but have had to give it up.... [Note: It is very likely that Camp himself was "certainly mistaken" in mis-locating Thompson's ford at Ford B, which might well explain his inability to "reconcile" Thompson's account with "the known facts."]
Thompson tells about a sergeant and five men [from F Co.] whom Gen. Custer sent ahead as the five companies approached the river, and how this squad cut a wide detour over toward the east, along the high ridge that lies [ a] half mile to one mile east of the [Battle] ridge on which the five companies were killed. Thompson says that about the time he fell behind the five companies he could see the dust kicked up by this squad away ahead, in the distance. An intelligent Sioux woman, who was telling me about the battle, and how she saw it, told of these same few soldiers who were in advance of the five companies, and further to the east, and there were other details about them that she gave me. She told me this in her own way, without any interrogation on my part, and it seemed to corroborate what Thompson had told me. ...
Pvt. Peter Thompson Accounts (only) -- C Co. Oct 10, 2016 0:43:00 GMT -5
Post by keogh on Oct 10, 2016 0:43:00 GMT -5
Walter Camp's letter to Private Fremont Kipp (D Co.) dated Nov. 19, 1921 (Godfrey Papers, Library of Congress) with my annotations in brackets:
My Dear Mr. Kipp:--
.... I have been on the battlefield with this man, [Peter] Thompson, in person, and he has explained to me all the details of his story. I believe he intended to tell all of it just as he remembers it, but he is certainly mistaken about some things he talks about, as for instance, seeing Gen. Custer at the river, opposite the village, just before the battle with Custer's battalion began. He surely is mistaken in the identity of the man he took for Custer. [Note: The Participant Timeline supports Thompson's assertion in this regard as being quite feasible. It is certainly within Custer's personal history and character to engage in a personal leader's reconnaissance at this juncture.]
I believe he and [Pvt. James] Watson actually straggled back from Custer's command, for I have good evidence that neither he nor Watson were with the pack train that day (June 25). They did not fall out from Custer's command at the lone tepee, but [they fell out somewhere] between Reno Hill (where you made the stand [for] two days) and where Custer was killed. [Note: They likely fell out a distance south of Reno Hill.] On the battlefield Thompson did not represent to me that he got closer to where Custer was killed than about two miles. I can reconcile that part of his story very well, and I believe it.
Yes, Gen. Edgerly did tell me about seeing two men join Reno's command on the hill. Edgerly took one of them to be Billy Cross, but he (Edgerly) was mistaken about that, as Cross was with the Rees and nowhere in the vicinity at that time. [Note: Camp is mistaken here, as Cpl. Wylie supported Edgerly's recollection of seeing Billy Cross riding south along the bluffs towards Reno Hill shortly after D Co. left on its advance north from Reno Hill.] The men seen by Edgerly must have been Thompson and Watson. [Note: This is unlikely.] Edgerly says he shot at one of them, taking him for an Indian, but when the bullet whistled near him he waved his hat, and then Edgerly knew he was a white man. Thompson did not remember anything about the said shooting when I asked him about it. [Note: Likely because the incident did not involve either himself or Watson.]
The question you raise about Thompson not reporting Custer's command killed, after Thompson joined Reno's command on the hill, is very logical. The fact that he did not do so report has always seemed queer to me. [Note: Thompson would not have known that Custer's command was destroyed until June 27th.]
herosrest
Pvt. Peter Thompson Accounts (only) -- C Co. Oct 21, 2018 2:42:13 GMT -5 moderator and benteeneast like this
Post by herosrest on Oct 21, 2018 2:42:13 GMT -5
Peter Thompson's published account of his battle, is online in The Black Hills trails : a history of the struggles of the pioneers in the winning of the Black Hills by Brown, Jesse, 1844-; Willard, A. M., 1847-1921; Milek, John T - Publication date 1924, and <<< linked here >>> and <<< page 132 - here >>>
Two couriers came up from Custer requesting re-inforcement, and announcing that he was advancing on the enemy.
Guest Name:
I agree to the ProBoards Terms of Service.


These photos have been circulating the web for some time now, but they are pretty neat. They are supposedly of the Lockheed plant in California, where they used to manufacture planes. In any case, during WWII the USA was afraid of Japan bombing military and industrial targets on the West Coast. So one measure they took was to camouflage entire buildings too look like other typed of buildings or like they were just part of the surrounding environment. Pretty cool stuff.


The max point reward for answering a question is Here are the search results for PD. After this go to the top of the device manager and click on scan for hardware changes. Raghavendra Nagaraj Level 2 Expert Answers. Hi there, Save hours of searching online or wasting money on unnecessary repairs by talking to a 6YA Expert who can help you resolve this issue over the phone in a minute or two. You can't post conmments that contain an email address.
This is the release of the Creative WebCam Monitor version 2. Brows Your Driver from the Hard Disk and click on next.
Hi there, Save hours of searching online or wasting money on unnecessary repairs by talking to a 6YA Expert who can help you resolve this issue over the phone in a minute or two. PD creative PD camera wizard pd driver Video Blaster WebCam GO Pd Creative Driver labs plus lab plus creative webcam pd driver creative webcam drivers pd creative hardware creative webcam drivers win7.
After downloading and installing Creative Pd, or the driver installation manager, take a few minutes to send us a report: Finally my PC got up to speed!
This pd0040 has been tested on the above 2 models and includes: Driver will be install. Best thing about this new service is that you are never placed on hold and get to talk to real repairmen in the US. You will have to get another camera as the model pd is only good up to Windows XP. You can't post answers that contain an email address.
Recommended if Creative Pd is the only driver on your PC you wish to update. It's worth a thousand words. Helpful 3 Not Helpful Comment Flag. Creative Labs WebCam Live! Your answer needs to include more details to help people. This option requires no OS understanding.
This file is an application update, only. Creative Labs Creative Sound Answer questions, creatve points and help others Answer questions. This release was tested on Modem Blaster V. Please help us maintain a helpfull driver collection.
You can't post conmments that contain an email address. Creative WebCam Monitor version 2.
Click "Add" to insert your video. Aug 20, Creative Labs Creative Webcam.
The email address entered is already associated to an account. Soundmax Integrated Digital Audio.
I need a driver to run it on windows 7 64 Hello Here is a link to creative. Creative Labs Video Blaster Installation Manager Success Stats: Please register, and get one. Creative Pd File Name: Select Your Operating System, download zipped files, and then proceed to manually install them.


Orthopedic Associates of SW Ohio is currently searching for a Full Time X-Ray Tech. Current RT license is required along with orthopedic practice and fluoro machine experience. Candidate will be expected to travel to various office locations as business needs arise (Greenville, Sidney, Centerville and Dayton as well as satellite offices). Must be comfortable with Electronic Medical Records (EMR), preferably EClinical Works. Ideal candidates will possess the following qualities: Initiative, Outstanding Work Ethic, Team Player, Detail-Oriented and the Ability to Communicate Effectively. This exciting and challenging opportunity comes with a competitive salary and a comprehensive benefit package. Orthopedic Associates of SW Ohio is an Equal Opportunity Employer.


Belgium's Thomas Van der Plaetsen has won his comeback in competition after battling cancer. The decathlon athlete grabbed the gold at the Gwangju Universiade in South-Korea. He laid the basis for his final victory in the hurdles event.
Van der Plaetsen was diagnosed with testicular cancer last year. He underwent a heavy treatment, battled unfounded doping claims after wrongly testing positive, fought back and trained hard to make his comeback in Korea.
It soon became clear that he was in good shape, as he finished the opening day in second place. The East-Fleming continued the momentum on the second day, running his best hurdles event ever in a decathlon. His time of 14.59 seconds earned him first place in the standings.
The discus throw was also a success. He managed 41.85 metres, a personal best in a decathlon. Van der Plaetsen eventually held on to the top position in the concluding 1,500 metres, totalling 7,952 points. This is below the World Championship entry standard of 8,075 points, but he had managed that limit in the past.
The first test for Van der Plaetsen was a successful one, though he still has a bridge to gap to reach his previous level. Before his illness, Van der Plaetsen had voiced strong Olympic ambitions.