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Vol. 2 No. 5 (2021): Science and Education /
The development and rise of the american short fiction
Dostonjon Fayzullo o'gli Abulkhairov Samarkand State Institute Of Foreign Languages
golden age, American authors, Ray Bradbury, Isaac Asimov, Robert Sheckley, Ursula Le Guin, fiction writers, American Literature, genre
The past century has been the golden age of science fiction around the world, and American authors have made very significant contributions to the development of this genre. Ray Bradbury, Isaac Asimov, Robert Sheckley, Ursula Le Guin - the works of these and many other science fiction writers are loved by millions of readers around the world. And our country is no exception.
Tradition and Dream. A critical review of English and American prose from the 1920s to the present day. Per. from English M., "Progress", 1970. - 424 p.
American poetry in Russian translations. XIX-XX centuries. Compiled by S. B. Dzhimbinov. In English. language with parallel Russian. text. M .: Raduga. - 1983. - 672 p.
American detective. Collection of novellas by US writers. Per. from English Compiled by V.L. Gopman. M. Yurid. lit. 1989 384s.
American detective. M. Lad 1992 .-- 384 p.
An anthology of beatnik poetry. Per. from English - M .: Ultra. Culture, 2004, 784 p.
Anthology of Negro Poetry. Compiled by and lane. R. Magidov. M., 1936.
Balditsyn P. V. Creativity of Mark Twain and the national character of American literature. - M .: Publishing house "Ikar", 2004.
Belov S. B. Slaughterhouse number "X". Literature of England and the USA about war and military ideology. - M .: Sov. writer, 1991 .-- 366 p.
Belyaev A.A.Social American novel of the 1930s and bourgeois criticism. M., Higher School, 1969. - 96 p.
Bernatskaya V.I. Four decades of American drama. 1950-1980 - M .: Rudomino, 1993 .-- 215 p.
Bobrova M. N. Romanticism in American Literature of the 19th Century. M., Higher School, 1972.-286 p.
Abulkhairov, D. F. o'gli. (2021). The development and rise of the american short fiction. Science and Education, 2(5), 761-764. Retrieved from https://openscience.uz/index.php/sciedu/article/view/1454
Vol. 2 No. 5 (2021): Science and Education


The Apple iPhone is still one of the most popular smartphones on the market, but it is no longer the only game in town. Samsung and other manufacturers have released excellent smartphones that work just as well, or even better, than the Apple smartphone.
Even so, Apple has a few tricks up its sleeve, and the iPhone remains one of the most powerful and capable Smartphone's on the market. If you are in the market for a new device, it is a good idea to look at the pros and cons of buying an Apple iPhone.
So instead of reading through endless reviews on a variety of sites, we thought we would condense some of the pros and cons here for you, to help decide if an iPhone is going to be next on your list of purchases.
Sleek lightweight design — The Apple iPhone is one of the lightest and thinnest on the market, making it easy to carry and even easier to use. Apple has long been known for its slick and innovative designs, and the iPhone is one of the prime examples.
Great battery life — Any smartphone is only as good as its battery, and the iPhone has an excellent battery life. iPhone users can also tweak their devices to squeeze even more juice out of the devices.
Beautiful colors — The newest iPhones come in a rainbow of vibrant colors, making them among the most beautiful on the market.
Improved camera — The Apple iPhone has one of the best smartphone cameras around, nearly as good as a quality point-and-shoot digital camera. The iPhone also has plenty of apps for sharing and storing those photos.
Lack of innovation — The iPhone no longer feels new or innovative. While the first Apple iPhone was truly revolutionary, the last few iterations have felt like retreads. While other manufacturers are working hard to come up with new designs, Apple often seems to be resting on its laurels.
Dated operating system — The Apple iOS operating system has also suffered from a lack of innovation. The latest iteration seems very close to the last one, and the lack of new features could stop Android users from making the switch.
High price — As more Smartphone manufacturers have entered the race, the price of the devices has come down. That leaves the iPhone as one of the most expensive on the market. Consumers will need to decide for themselves if the Apple-specific benefits are worth the extra cost.
The new iPhone 6 and iPhone Air are soon to be unveiled by Apple, although there are plenty of rumors churning through the rumor mill, we won't really know the specs until September. Do you think you will be getting your hands on one of these new iPhone devices? Or are you heading away from iPhone this year?
We would love to hear your thoughts on Apple's upcoming launch.
Craig is a keen tech writer who likes to pen articles about the latest and upcoming gadgets from the tech world. He also enjoys writing about apps and reviewing new handsets.


The Worship Ministry at Calvary Baptist Church, is led by the Minister of Worship and Christian Arts. It is comprised of four components: music, dance, drama and audio. The music component consist of five choirs: Angelic Children's Choir (ages 4-12), Voices of Imani (ages 13-18), Sanctuary Choir, Voices of Victory and the Male Chorus. We also have a Praise Team. The youth rehearse on Tuesday evenings at 6:30pm. The children rehearse Sundays during worship. The Sanctuary Choir, Voices of Victory and the Male Chorus rehearse on Tuesday and Thursday evenings at 7:30 pm.
The dance component has 4 divisions; children (Angelic Children), youth (Essence of Imani) young adults (G.E.M.S.) and adults (Vision of Praise). The youth rehearse Thursdays at 6:30 pm, and the young adults rehearse Tuesdays at 7:00 pm. The children and adults rehearse on Friday evenings, beginning at 6:00 pm. We are continuing development of our drama ministry. The audio ministry handles all sound enhancement needs, as well as the recording of worship services. We will soon add a video component that will utilize computer interfacing.


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Iceland won't kill any whales this year
Workers at Hvalur's whaling station pose for photos with a rare blue whale-fin whale hybrid
Image: Hard to Port
The largest whaling company in Iceland halts its whaling operations for the second year in a row because of stiff competition with Japan
Hvalur, which hunts threatened fin whales as well as minke whales, is ceasing operations because it sold most of its whale meat to Japan but is not able to compete with Japan's own whale meat products, which are subsidised by the Japanese government.
Hvalur has continued to whale in spite of the International Whaling Commission placing a global moratorium on whaling in 1986, mainly targeting threatened fin whales.
Two whales being pulled to shore so they can be processed at the Hvalur whaling station
Kristján Loftsson, the company's CEO said the COVID-19 outbreak would also make it impossible for his company to hunt whales and process the meat, since workers would need to be in close proximity to each other, and social distancing rules would be difficult to follow.
This is indeed terrific news that for a second straight year, vulnerable fin whales will get a reprieve from Hvalur's harpoons, the sole fin whaling company
Fabienne McLellan, co-director of international relations at Ocean Care
Another Icelandic whaling business, IP-Utgerd, has announced that it will stop whaling altogether. IP-Utgerd, which mainly targeted minke whales, cited financial difficulties after no-fishing zones were extended off the Icelandic coast, forcing its boats to go further and further offshore.
For conservationists, the interruption to whaling is welcome news.
"This said, fin whaling has been suspended in Iceland in the past, only to resume." Said Fabienne McLellan, co-director of international relations at Ocean Care. "While it looks promising that whaling in Iceland might stop for good, the temporary cessation of fin whaling must become permanent."
One of Hvalur's vessels returning to port with two harpooned whales
Rob Read, director of Sea Shepherd UK, a group that documented Hvalur's whaling operations in 2018, also welcomed the news.
"I believe the writing is on the wall now for the world's most notorious whaler — Kristjan Loftsson — and his company Hvalur hf.," Read told Mongabay. "Now is the time for Loftsson to hang up his harpoons and for Iceland to become an ethical whale watching, not whale killing nation."
In 2018, Hvalur killed 146 fin whales and six minke whales, many of which were pregnant females. Two of the whales also turned out to be hybrids between fin whales and blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus), which stirred a substantial amount of controversy.
10 facts about whale hunting…
1. Whaling is not ancient history
Whaling has been around for centuries, but due to a rapid increase in demand for whale meat in certain countries, whaling practices went into overdrive at the turn of the last century. From 1904 to 1987, an estimated 1,339,232 whales were killed by commercial whaling fleets in the Antarctic alone.
2. Blue Whale numbers remain critically low
Worldwide numbers of Blue Whales have reduced to as little as 3,000 from an estimated 220,000. This highlights the long term effects of hunting on the ocean's ecosystems, even 40 years after the hunting was banned, they have struggled to repopulate.
3. Since 1986, over 25,000 whales have been killed legally for "scientific research"
A ban on commercial hunting of whales has not put a stop to the practice altogether as Japan have been able to conduct "commercial whaling in disguise" due to a loophole regarding scientific research. They assign themselves a permit to conduct scientific research and killing is in the remit of the study.
4. Despite citing 'Scientific Research' as 'Reason for Capture', no Japanese data is ever published in reputable scientific journals
After more than 25 years of "scientific whaling", almost no significant data has ever been published by any reputable scientific journal. Many of the Japanese research objectives are flawed or are based on incorrect scientific assumptions. In most cases, the information they claim to be collecting is much more efficiently obtained from non-lethal methods such as tagging, photo ID, and DNA profiling.
5. Japan simply left the IWC
After repeated International Whaling Commission (IWC) knock backs, Japan withdrew from the Convention and IWC in 2018. Japan, has however, indicated that it wishes to attain IWC observer status. That Japan will remain an IWC observer at least allows for continuing dialogue.
A fin whale caught by an Icelandic whaler
6. Whaling now
Whaling for profit was banned in 1986. But, reluctant to give up the market for whale meat and products, Japan, Iceland and Norway continue to hunt and kill fin, minke and sei whales every year. Norway objects to the ban, Iceland hunts under a dubious 'reservation' while Japan has gone it alone and restarted commercial whaling.
7. How many whales are still killed?
Over a thousand whales are killed every year. People make money from selling their meat and body parts. Their oil, blubber and cartilage are used in pharmaceuticals and health supplements. Whale meat is even used in pet food, or served to tourists as a 'traditional dish'.
6. Whales are killed by a variety of methods
Because they are so huge whales are difficult to kill. Harpoons with grenades are sometimes used. These explode inside the whale and sometimes do not kill instantaneously. Sir David Attenborough has said in the past that "there is no humane way to kill a whale at sea".
9. Whale meat consumption
Whale meat is eaten in Norway, Iceland, Japan, Greenland, and by Inuits and other indigenous people in United States and Canada. Whale meat is tender, melts in the mouth and has a flavour between fish and beef according to diners. In Japan, you can even buy whale bacon.
10. The arguments for and against killing whales
Many countries who hunt whales say it is part of their culture and necessary for food. They argue it is no different from the killing of other mammals to eat.
Faroe Islanders say their hunting is sustainable and will not impact overall numbers of whales. They also defend their method of killing the whales, saying that killing them with knives means they die within seconds.
Japan says critics of its whaling are sentimental about whales and disregarding scientific evidence about the sustainability of whaling. Japan withdrew from the Convention and IWC on June 2018. Japan, has however, indicated that it wishes to attain IWC observer status.
We don't know how many minke whales there are in the Antarctic. However the international court ruling stated that it did not believe it was necessary for Japan to kill whales in order to study them.
Animal rights activists say killing whales is cruel and unnecessary.
SOURCE 1, SOURCE 2, SOURCE 3, SOURCE 4, SOURCE 5
Tags: Arctic, Faroe, Iceland, Japan, whaling
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