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Geographic variation in density, demography, and life history traits of a harvested temperate sex-changing reef fish
Geographic variation in ecological and environmental factors may lead to intraspecific differences among populations. For the California sheephead (Semicossyphus pulcher), an important predator in kelp forests and a target of commercial and recreational fisheries, we evaluated the degree to which different populations exhibited variation in density, demography, and life history traits. We assessed biogeographic patterns of abundance through underwater visual census at 39 sites spanning a major portion of the species range (southern California, USA, to Baja California, Mexico) and made collections from seven focal sites to investigate geographic differences in demography and life histories. California sheephead densities were significantly greater in the southern part of their range and at offshore islands than along the mainland coast. At the focal sites, we found significant spatial variation in density, fecundity, size structure, growth rates, annual survivorship, and the timing of maturation and sex change. Density- and temperature-dependent effects helped to explain the intraspecific differences in these parameters. Studies such as this one will allow for demographic plasticity to be incorporated into future stock assessments. Management of temperate reef fishes may best be achieved on smaller spatial scales as we increase our understanding of geographic variation among populations.
Caselle, Hamilton, Schroeder, Love, Standish, Rosales-Casián, Sosa-Nishizaki
Fishing top predators indirectly affects condition and reproduction in a reef-fish community
To examine the indirect effects of fishing on energy allocation in non-target prey species, condition and reproductive potential were measured for five representative species (two-spot red snapper Lutjanus bohar, arc-eye hawkfish Paracirrhites arcatus, blackbar devil Plectroglyphidodon dickii, bicolour chromis Chromis margaritifer and whitecheek surgeonfish Acanthurus nigricans) from three reef-fish communities with different levels of fishing and predator abundance in the northern Line Islands, central Pacific Ocean. Predator abundance differed by five to seven-fold among islands, and despite no clear differences in prey abundance, differences in prey condition and reproductive potential among islands were found. Body condition (mean body mass adjusted for length) was consistently lower at sites with higher predator abundance for three of the four prey species. Mean liver mass (adjusted for total body mass), an indicator of energy reserves, was also lower at sites with higher predator abundance for three of the prey species and the predator. Trends in reproductive potential were less clear. Mean gonad mass (adjusted for total body mass) was high where predator abundance was high for only one of the three species in which it was measured. Evidence of consistently low prey body condition and energy reserves in a diverse suite of species at reefs with high predator abundance suggests that fishing may indirectly affect non-target prey-fish populations through changes in predation and predation risk. © 2012 The Authors. Journal of Fish Biology © 2012 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles., Cited By (since 1996):1, Export Date: 24 September 2013, Source: Scopus, CODEN: JFIBA
Walsh, Hamilton, Ruttenberg, Donovan, Sandin
Spatial and temporal variation in the natal otolith chemistry of a Hawaiian reef fish: Prospects for measuring population connectivity,
, , , One of the most compelling unanswered questions in marine ecology is the extent to which local populations are connected via larval exchange. Recent work has suggested that variation in the chemistry of otoliths (earstones) of fishes may function as a natural tag, potentially allowing investigators to determine sources of individual larvae and estimate larval connectivity. We analyzed the spatial and temporal variation in natal otolith chemistry of a benthic-spawning reef fish from the Hawaiian Islands. We found no consistent chemical variation at the largest scale (>100 km, among islands), but found significant variation at moderate scales (sites within islands, tens of kilometres) and small scales (clutches within sites), and chemistry of otoliths was not stable between years. These results imply that we may be able to use otolith chemistry to track larval dispersal only if the scales of dispersal match those of variation in natal otolith chemistry, and that separate natal otolith collections may be needed to track different cohorts of larvae. Finally, we found that elemental composition of recruit cores often did not match that of natal otoliths, suggesting that additional methodological development is required before we can effectively apply methods in otolith chemistry to the study of larval dispersal., ,
Ruttenberg, Hamilton, Warner
Elevated levels of trace elements in cores of otoliths and their potential for use as natural tags,
, , , Variation in the chemical composition of fish otoliths has been used in recent years to address a range of ecological questions, including levels of stock mixing, variation in habitat use, and rates of larval exchange. While some of these questions have been answered with varying success, the degree to which discrete populations are connected via larval exchange remains unknown. To identify larval sources using natural variation in otolith chemistry, we must distinguish and measure the chemical composition of the otolith core, the portion of the otolith formed at the spawning site. Using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICPMS), we found that the core regions of otoliths from 6 different species of fishes were highly enriched in manganese (Mn), and elevated in magnesium (Mg) and barium (Ba), relative to adjacent regions of the otolith. These patterns were consistent for species drawn from different taxonomic groups, which inhabit temperate and tropical regions, are found in marine and freshwater, and utilize a variety of spawning modes. Variation among species in Mn concentration in the core also corresponds to maternal investment, measured by egg size. These data suggest that core enrichment may be a general characteristic of otoliths, and that the chemical composition of the otolith core is fundamentally different from other regions of the otolith. The localized elemental enrichment of the core underscores the importance of methods that analyze the core region in small, discrete samples if otolith chemistry is used to address questions of larval exchange among populations., ,
Ruttenberg, Hamilton, Hickford, Paradis, Sheehy, Standish, Ben-Tzvi, Warner
Postsettlement survival linked to larval life in a marine fish,
, , , There is a growing realization that the scale and degree of population connectivity are crucial to the dynamics and persistence of spatially structured populations. For marine organisms with complex life cycles, experiences during larval life may influence phenotypic traits, performance, and the probability of postsettlement survival. For a Caribbean reef fish (Thalassoma bifasciatum) on an oceanic island, we used otolith (ear stone) elemental profiles of lead (Pb) to assign recent settlers to a group that developed in waters elevated in Pb concentrations throughout larval life (i.e., nearshore signature) and a group that developed in waters depleted in Pb (i.e., offshore signature), potentially dispersing from upstream sources across oceanic waters. Larval history influenced early life history traits: offshore developers initially grew slowly but compensated with fast growth upon entering nearshore waters and metamorphosed in better condition with higher energy reserves. As shown in previous studies, local production contributed heavily to settlement: at least 45% of settlers developed nearshore. However, only 23% of survivors after the first month displayed a nearshore otolith profile. Therefore, settlers with different larval histories suffered differential mortality. Importantly, selective mortality was mediated by larval history, in that the postsettlement intensity of selection was much greater for fish that developed nearshore, potentially because they had developed in a less selectively intense larval environment. Given the potential for asymmetrical postsettlement source-based survival, successful spatial management of marine populations may require knowledge of "realized connectivity" on ecological scales, which takes into account the postsettlement fitness of individuals from different sources., ,
Hamilton, Regetz, Warner
Geographic variation in natal and early larval trace-elemental signatures in the statoliths of the market squid Doryteuthis (formerly Loligo) opalescens,
, , , We found distinct geographic differences in trace element concentrations in both the core and early larval areas of the statoliths of paralarval market squid Doryteuthis (= Loligo) opalescens at sites throughout the Southern California Bight, USA. Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICPMS) of individual statoliths indicated detectable levels of Mg, Mn, Sr, and Ba, with marginal levels of Cr and Pb. While these paralarvae showed considerable within-sample differences in elemental concentrations, there was significant between-site discrimination of natal (core) and early larval signatures for collection sites up to 100 km apart. In 2002 and 2003, levels of Ba and Sr in the statolith cores were significantly different among sites, suggesting differences in the natal environment or local maternal effects. Site specific differences in elemental signatures were also apparent for Mg and Mn in samples taken from outside the core in the early post-hatching period. These same portions of the statolith can be analyzed from adult squid collected on spawning grounds. We showed that concentrations of trace elements in the statolith cores of adults closely resembled the core signatures of squid paralarvae, which opens the possibility of identifying the source populations for stocks of this commercially important species., ,
Warner, Hamilton, Sheehy, Zeidberg, Brady, Caselle
The interaction of retention, recruitment, and density-dependent mortality in the spatial placement of marine reserves,
Population density can affect rates of mortality and individual growth. We measured these for the nonexploited bluehead wrasse, Thalassoma bifasciatum, at three sites around St. Croix, US Virgin Islands. Previous work demonstrated that differences in the degree of larval retention in these sites results in very large differences in recruitment intensity. Post-settlement mortality differed among sites and was positively related to recruitment density. Post-settlement growth differences were small. Because of strong mortality effects early in life, adult densities and size/age distributions differed among sites and did not reflect differences in recruitment rate. The site with the highest retention and recruitment (Butler Bay) had many small fish, while the two other sites with lower recruitment rates (Jacks Bay and Green Cay) had proportionally more large fish. These differences resulted in large differences in egg production. Per capita production was highest at the lowest density site (Green Cay). Total egg production at Green Cay was 75% that at Butler Bay, despite only having half the population size, and the highest overall production was at Jacks Bay, with low retention and moderate recruitment. In terms of marine reserve location, sites predicted to have high retention and recruitment may not always be the sites of highest egg production due to density-dependent processes, and it is important to consider the relative values of self-recruitment and larval export in reserve design., , ,
Caselle, Hamilton, Warner
Utilizing spatial demographic and life history variation to optimize sustainable yield of a temperate sex-changing fish
Fish populations vary geographically in demography and life history due to environmental and ecological processes and in response to exploitation. However, population dynamic models and stock assessments, used to manage fisheries, rarely explicitly incorporate spatial variation to inform management decisions. Here, we describe extensive geographic variation in several demographic and life history characteristics (e.g., size structure, growth, survivorship, maturation, and sex change) of California sheephead (Semicossyphus pulcher), a temperate rocky reef fish targeted by recreational and commercial fisheries. Fish were sampled from nine locations throughout southern California in 2007-2008. We developed a dynamic size and age-structured model, parameterized separately for each location, to assess the potential cost or benefit in terms of fisheries yield and conservation objectives of changing minimum size limits and/or fishing mortality rates (compared to the status quo). Results indicate that managing populations individually, with location-specific regulations, could increase yield by over 26% while maintaining conservative levels of spawning biomass. While this local management approach would be challenging to implement in practice, we found statistically similar increases in yield could be achieved by dividing southern California into two separate management regions, reflecting geographic similarities in demography. To maximize yield, size limits should be increased by 90 mm in the northern region and held at current levels in the south. We also found that managing the fishery as one single stock (the status quo), but with a size limit 50 mm greater than the current regulations, could increase overall fishery yield by 15%. Increases in size limits are predicted to enhance fishery yield and may also have important ecological consequences for the predatory role of sheephead in kelp forests. This framework for incorporating demographic variation into fisheries models can be exported generally to other species and may aid in identifying the appropriate spatial scales for fisheries management. © 2011 Hamilton et al., Cited By (since 1996):3, Fish and Fisheries, Art. No.: e24580
Hamilton, Wilson, Ben-Horin, Caselle
Benthic processes and overlying fish assemblages drive the composition of benthic detritus on a central Pacific coral reef,
While detrital material is recognized as an important food source on coral reefs, its role in reef food webs remains unclear. We quantified standing stock and input rates to the detrital resource pool in exposed forereef and protected backreef habitats of Palmyra Atoll National Wildlife Refuge and measured the trophic structure of the overlying fish assemblage. While detrital standing stock was 1.6 times higher on the backreef than on the forereef, detrital input rates were 1.7 to 2.9 times higher on the forereef. Planktivores were the most abundant guild in the fore reef habitat, and stable isotope signatures of detritus reflected a greater input from pelagic sources (i.e. depleted in 13C). In contrast, herbivores and detritivores numerically dominated the backreef habitat and detrital stable isotope signatures appeared to be predominately of benthic origin (i.e. enriched in 13C). Through total organic carbon (TOC) and nitrogen analyses we found that benthic detritus may represent a significant nutritional source. Converting total nitrogen into maximum protein estimates, we found high benthic deposition of protein (104 to 124 mg m-2 d-1) and organic carbon (184 to 190 mg m -2 d-1), but very low standing stocks of these materials (protein: 5 to 6 mg m-2, organic carbon: 46 to 63 mg m-2). While high water flow rates may explain low standing stocks of detritus in forereef habitats, the lower flow rates in backreef habitats suggest that removal of this material is via consumption by abundant roving detritivorous fishes. Our results provide support for the hypothesis that reef fish detritivory represents a significant consumer-mediated energy pathway, promoting nutrient recycling by linking many elements of a complex food web. © Inter-Research 2013., Cited By (since 1996):1, Fish and Fisheries, CODEN: MESED, ,
Max, Hamilton, Gaines, Warner
Variable responses of temperate calcified and fleshy macroalgae to elevated pCO2 and warming
Anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions simultaneously increase ocean temperatures and reduce ocean surface pH, a process termed ocean acidification (OA). OA is expected to negatively affect the growth and physiology of many calcified organisms, but the response of non-calcified (fleshy) organisms is less well understood. Rising temperatures and pCO2 can enhance photosynthetic rates (within tolerance limits). Therefore, warming may interact with OA to alter biological responses of macroalgae in complicated ways. Beyond thresholds of physiological tolerance, however, rising temperatures could further exacerbate negative responses to OA. Many studies have investigated the effects of OA or warming independently of each other, but few studies have quantified the interactive effects of OA and warming on marine organisms. We conducted four short-term independent factorial CO2 enrichment and warming experiments on six common species of calcified and fleshy macroalgae from southern California to investigate the independent and interactive effects of CO2 and warming on growth, carbonic anhydrase (CA) enzyme activity, pigment concentrations, and photosynthetic efficiency. There was no effect of elevated pCO2 on CA activity, pigment concentration, and photosynthetic efficiency in the macroalgal species studies.However,we found that calcareous algae suffered reduced growth rates under high pCO2 conditions alone, although the magnitude of the effect varied by species. Fleshy algae had mixed responses of growth rates to high pCO2, indicating that the effects of pCO2 enrichment are inconsistent across species. The combined effects of elevated pCO2 and warming had a significantly negative impact on growth for both fleshy and calcareous algae; calcareous algae experienced five times more weight loss than specimens in ambient control conditions and fleshy growth was reduced by 76%. Our results demonstrate the need to study the interactive effects of multiple stressors associated with global change on marine communities., http://icesjms.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2015/09/25/icesjms.fsv168.abstract, Advanced view
Kram, Price, Donham, Johnson, Kelly, Hamilton, Smith
Exploitation and recovery of a sea urchin predator has implications for the resilience of southern California kelp forests
Size-structured predator–prey interactions can be altered by the history of exploitation, if that exploitation is itself size-selective. For example, selective harvesting of larger sized predators can release prey populations in cases where only large individuals are capable of consuming a particular prey species. In this study, we examined how the history of exploitation and recovery (inside marine reserves and due to fisheries management) of California sheephead (Semicossyphus pulcher) has affected size-structured interactions with sea urchin prey in southern California. We show that fishing changes size structure by reducing sizes and alters life histories of sheephead, while management measures that lessen or remove fishing impacts (e.g. marine reserves, effort restrictions) reverse these effects and result in increases in density, size and biomass. We show that predation on sea urchins is size-dependent, such that the diet of larger sheephead is composed of more and larger sized urchins than the diet of smaller fish. These results have implications for kelp forest resilience, because urchins can overgraze kelp in the absence of top-down control. From surveys in a network of marine reserves, we report negative relationships between the abundance of sheephead and urchins and the abundance of urchins and fleshy macroalgae (including giant kelp), indicating the potential for cascading indirect positive effects of top predators on the abundance of primary producers. Management measures such as increased minimum size limits and marine reserves may serve to restore historical trophic roles of key predators and thereby enhance the resilience of marine ecosystems.
Hamilton, Caselle
Predator-induced demographic shifts in coral reef fish assemblages,
In recent years, it has become apparent that human impacts have altered community structure in coastal and marine ecosystems worldwide. Of these, fishing is one of the most pervasive, and a growing body of work suggests that fishing can have strong effects on the ecology of target species, especially top predators. However, the effects of removing top predators on lower trophic groups of prey fishes are less clear, particularly in highly diverse and trophically complex coral reef ecosystems. We examined patterns of abundance, size structure, and age-based demography through surveys and collection-based studies of five fish species from a variety of trophic levels at Kiritimati and Palmyra, two nearby atolls in the Northern Line Islands. These islands have similar biogeography and oceanography, and yet Kiritimati has ~10,000 people with extensive local fishing while Palmyra is a US National Wildlife Refuge with no permanent human population, no fishing, and an intact predator fauna. Surveys indicated that top predators were relatively larger and more abundant at unfished Palmyra, while prey functional groups were relatively smaller but showed no clear trends in abundance as would be expected from classic trophic cascades. Through detailed analyses of focal species, we found that size and longevity of a top predator were lower at fished Kiritimati than at unfished Palmyra. Demographic patterns also shifted dramatically for 4 of 5 fish species in lower trophic groups, opposite in direction to the top predator, including decreases in average size and longevity at Palmyra relative to Kiritimati. Overall, these results suggest that fishing may alter community structure in complex and non-intuitive ways, and that indirect demographic effects should be considered more broadly in ecosystem-based management. © 2011 Ruttenberg et al., , , ,
Ruttenberg, Hamilton, Walsh, Donovan, Friedlander, DeMartini, Sala, Sandin
Species-specific consequences of ocean acidification for the calcareous tropical green algae Halimeda
Ocean acidification (OA), resulting from increasing dissolved carbon dioxide (CO2) in surface waters, is likely to affect many marine organisms, particularly those that calcify. Recent OA studies have demonstrated negative and/or differential effects of reduced pH on growth, development, calcification and physiology, but most of these have focused on taxa other than calcareous benthic macroalgae. Here we investigate the potential effects of OA on one of the most common coral reef macroalgal genera, Halimeda. Species of Halimeda produce a large proportion of the sand in the tropics and are a major contributor to framework development on reefs because of their rapid calcium carbonate production and high turnover rates. On Palmyra Atoll in the central Pacific, we conducted a manipulative bubbling experiment to investigate the potential effects of OA on growth, calcification and photophysiology of 2 species of Halimeda. Our results suggest that Halimeda is highly susceptible to reduced pH and aragonite saturation state but the magnitude of these effects is species specific. H. opuntia suffered net dissolution and 15% reduction in photosynthetic capacity, while H. taenicola did not calcify but did not alter photophysiology in experimental treatments. The disparate responses of these species to elevated CO2 partial pressure (pCO2) may be due to anatomical and physiological differences and could represent a shift in their relative dominance in the face of OA. The ability for a species to exert biological control over calcification and the species specific role of the carbonate skeleton may have important implications for the potential effects of OA on ecological function in the future. © 2011 Inter-Research., Cited By (since 1996):12, Seaweeds, CODEN: MESED
Price, Hamilton, Tootell, Smith
Reassessment of the fecundity of California sheephead,
Fecundity estimates used in a 2004 stock assessment to evaluate the overall health of the population of California sheephead Semicossyphus pulcher were based primarily on two studies. The first estimated the total fecundity of only nine individuals captured near Santa Catalina Island, California, and the second estimated batch fecundity of individuals taken from only one artificial reef. In order to develop a current and more comprehensive estimate of fecundity, we collected California sheephead from seven locations off southern California throughout the spawning season (July through September). To estimate both total fecundity and batch fecundity, we categorized and counted oocytes from ovarian subsamples of 28 and 24 (respectively) mature females (stage 3, spawning capable; determined by histological analysis). Total and batch fecundity increased with somatic mass, standard length, and ovary mass. We found total fecundity to increase with somatic mass to a power of 5.5, which is considerably greater than the value (2.95) reported previously. Our observations therefore highlight the importance of large females in the reproductive potential of the California sheephead stock. Regression analysis indicates that ovary mass is the most accurate biological indicator of fecundity for California sheephead and should be used for subsequent stock analyses., , ,
Loke-Smith, Floyd, Lowe, Hamilton, Caselle, Young
Extensive geographic and ontogenetic variation characterizes the trophic ecology of a temperate reef fish on southern California (USA) rocky reefs,
Interactions between predator and prey act to shape the structure of ecological communities, and these interactions can differ across space. California sheephead Semicossyphus pulcher are common predators of benthic invertebrates in kelp beds and rocky reefs in southern California, USA. Through gut content and stable isotope (δ 13C and δ 15N) analyses, we investigated geographic and ontogenetic variation in trophic ecology across 9 populations located at island and mainland sites throughout southern California. We found extensive geographic variation in California sheephead diet composition over small spatial scales. Populations differed in the proportion of sessile filter/suspension feeders or mobile invertebrates in the diet. Spatial variation in diet was highly correlated with other life history and demographic traits (e.g. growth, survivorship, reproductive condition, and energy storage), in addition to proxies of prey availability from community surveys. Multivariate descriptions of the diet from gut contents roughly agreed with the spatial groupings of sites based on stable isotope analysis of both California sheephead and their prey. Ontogenetic changes in diet occurred consistently across populations, despite spatial differences in size structure. As California sheephead increase in size, diets shift from small filter feeders, like bivalves, to larger mobile invertebrates, such as sea urchins. Our results indicate that locations with large California sheephead present, such as many marine reserves, may experience increased predation pressure on sea urchins, which could ultimately affect kelp persistence. © Inter-Research 2011., Cited By (since 1996):6, CODEN: MESED, ,
Hamilton, Caselle, Lantz, Egloff, Kondo, Newsome, Loke-Smith, Pondella II, Young, Lowe
Size-selective harvesting alters life histories of a temperate sex-changing fish,
, , , Selective mortality, whether caused naturally by predation or through the influence of harvest practices, initiates changes within populations when individuals possessing certain heritable traits have increased fitness. Theory predicts that increased mortality rates will select for changes in a number of different life history characteristics. For example, fishing often targets larger individuals and has been shown repeatedly to alter population size structure and growth rates, and the timing of maturation. For sex-changing species, selective fishing practices can affect additional traits such as the mature population sex ratio and the timing of sexual transformation. Using historical comparisons, we examined the effects of exploitation on life history characteristics of California sheephead, Semicossyphus pulcher, a temperate protogynous (female–male sex changer) labrid that inhabits nearshore rocky environments from central California, USA, to southern Baja California, Mexico. Recreational fishing intensified and an unregulated commercial live-fish fishery developed rapidly in southern California between the historical and current studies. Collections of S. pulcher from three locations (Bahı´a Tortugas, Catalina Island, and San Nicolas Island) in 1998 were compared with data collected 20–30 years previously to ascertain fishery-induced changes in life history traits. At Bahı´a Tortugas, where fishing by the artisanal community remained light and annual survivorship stayed high, we observed no changes in size structure or shifts in the timing of maturation or the timing of sex change. In contrast, where recreational (Catalina) and commercial (San Nicolas) fishing intensified and annual survivorship correspondingly declined, males and females shifted significantly to smaller body sizes, females matured earlier and changed sex into males at both smaller sizes and younger ages and appeared to have a reduced maximum lifespan. Mature sex ratios (female : male) increased at San Nicolas, despite a twofold reduction in the mean time spent as a mature female. Proper fisheries management requires measures to prevent sex ratio skew, sperm limitation, and reproductive failure because populations of sequential hermaphrodites are more sensitive to size-selective harvest than separate-sex species. This is especially true for S. pulcher, where different segments of the fishery (commercial vs. recreational) selectively target distinct sizes and therefore sexes in different locations., ,
Hamilton, Caselle, Standish, Schroeder, Love, Rosales-Casian, Sosa-Nishizaki
Synthesizing mechanisms of density dependence in reef fishes: Behavior, habitat configuration, and observational scale,
, , , Coral and rocky reef fish populations are widely used as model systems for the experimental exploration of density-dependent vital rates, but patterns of density-dependent mortality in these systems are not yet fully understood. In particular, the paradigm for strong, directly density-dependent (DDD) postsettlement mortality stands in contrast to recent evidence for inversely density-dependent (IDD) mortality. We review the processes responsible for DDD and IDD per capita mortality in reef fishes, noting that the pattern observed depends on predator and prey behavior, the spatial configuration of the reef habitat, and the spatial and temporal scales of observation. Specifically, predators tend to produce DDD prey mortality at their characteristic spatial scale of foraging, but prey mortality is IDD at smaller spatial scales due to attack-abatement effects (e.g., risk dilution). As a result, DDD mortality may be more common than IDD mortality on patch reefs, which tend to constrain predator foraging to the same scale as prey aggregation, eliminating attack-abatement effects. Additionally, adjacent groups of prey on continuous reefs may share a subset of refuges, increasing per capita refuge availability and relaxing DDD mortality relative to prey on patch reefs, where the patch edge could prevent such refuge sharing. These hypotheses lead to a synthetic framework to predict expected mortality patterns for a variety of scenarios. For nonsocial, nonaggregating species and species that aggregate in order to take advantage of spatially clumped refuges, IDD mortality is possible but likely superseded by DDD refuge competition, especially on patch reefs. By contrast, for species that aggregate socially, mortality should be IDD at the scale of individual aggregations but DDD at larger scales. The results of nearly all prior reef fish studies fit within this framework, although additional work is needed to test many of the predicted outcomes. This synthesis reconciles some apparent contradictions in the recent reef fish literature and suggests the importance of accounting for the scale-sensitive details of predator and prey behavior in any study system., ,
Wilson White, Samhouri, Stier, Wormald, Hamilton, Sandin
Consistent long-term spatial gradients in replenishment for an island population of a coral reef fish
The population replenishment of marine organisms is routinely characterized as highly variable and unpredictable in space and time. Using island-wide recruitment surveys of a common coral reef fish, the bluehead wrasse Thalassoma bifasciatum, in 6 summers spanning a 12 yr period (1991 to 2003), we examined whether spatial patterns of recruitment are consistent or variable through time on St. Croix, US Virgin Islands. Despite annual fluctuations in the magnitude of replenishment, recruitment intensity follows a distinct and consistent spatial gradient that differs in direction between the north (leeward) and south (windward) shores; recruitment declines from west to east on the north shore and east to west on the south shore. The rank ordering of sites on each shore was concordant when recruitment was either pooled across years (monthly variation) or pooled across months (annual variation). When the 2 highest recruitment sites on each shore were considered alone, consistent seasonal effects were also apparent, with higher recruitment from June through August on the north shore, and higher recruitment in September on the south shore. Thus, while the magnitude of recruitment is indeed variable in space and time, its qualitative pattern is predictable in this area. Results of prior investigations of larval dispersal and coastal oceanography around St. Croix shed light on the origin of the consistent recruitment patterns documented in this study. The potential for consistent spatial and temporal patterns in recruitment is an important consideration in the spatial management of marine resources.
Hamilton, White, Caselle, Swearer, Warner
Otolith barium profiles verify the timing of settlement in a coral reef fish,
, , , Otolith microstructure has been shown to record valuable information about fishes including age, growth, and the timing of life history transitions, while microchemical analysis can reveal information about environmental history, dispersal, and migration. For the bluehead wrasse Thalassoma bifasciatum, a common coral reef fish on an oceanic island, we examined whether otolith chemistry could be used to identify the timing of settlement from the pelagic larval phase to the reef-based juvenile phase. This species has a distinct settlement mark visible in its otolith microstructure. Using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICPMS), we found that Ba:Ca ratios increased abruptly at the time of settlement. On average, Ba:Ca ratios were 6.5× greater in the juvenile than the larval phase. Other elements (Mg, Mn, and Sr) also displayed ontogenetic changes in concentration; however, those changes were not associated with the settlement mark. We demonstrate the potential utility of otolith chemistry as a method to identify the timing of settlement (and thereby the larval duration) in other marine fishes with similar early life histories, whose otoliths may not produce distinct settlement checks or those whose settlement stage larvae may not be captured by other means., ,
Hamilton, Warner
Larval history influences post-metamorphic condition in a coral-reef fish
Upon settlement, many Wshes undergo an energetically costly metamorphic period that requires substantial nutritional reserves. Larval growth and the accumulation of lipids prior to metamorphosis are likely to infuence growth and survival following this critical period. On the Caribbean island of St. Croix, I investigated relationships between larval growth, early life-history characteristics, and post-metamorphic lipid content in the bluehead wrasse Thalassoma bifasciatum. Lipid reserves remaining after metamorphosis were positively related (r2 = 0.62) to the width of the metamorphic band; thus, this otolith-derived trait may be used to estimate the condition at emergence of survivors collected at some later time. In contrast, pelagic larval duration, average larval growth, and otolith size at settlement were negatively related to postmetamorphic lipid content. Interestingly, the trend for slower growth among fish in good condition was not consistent over the entire pelagic larval duration. Analyses of daily larval growth histories indicated that Wsh with high lipid reserves grew rapidly in the last week prior to settlement, but relatively slowly during the early phases of larval life; those emerging with low lipid concentrations, however, displayed strikingly opposite patterns. These contrasting patterns of growth and energy storage were consistent at two sites and over three recruitment events. Otolith chemistry data suggested that diVerences in growth histories and body condition were consistent with the hypothesis of larval development in distinct oceanic environments (characterized by Pb concentration); but, within a water mass, differences reflected life-history trade-offs between growth and energy storage. The results have implications for understanding the processes driving juvenile survival, which may be condition dependent.
Testing larval fish dispersal hypotheses using maximum likelihood analysis of otolith chemistry data,
, , , , ,
Sandin, Regetz, Hamilton
Geographic variation in trace-element signatures in the statoliths of near-hatch larvae and recruits of Concholepas concholepas (loco)
Spatial variation of trace elements in calcified structures (otoliths, statoliths, and shells) has been used to track the movements of individuals among habitats, and connectivity between marine populations. In the present study, we used laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry to quantify the concentrations of trace elements in statoliths of prehatch larvae and recruits of the gastropod Concholepas concholepas from 3 regions in Chile. We also examined spatial variation in chemical signatures deposited during larval life and at the time of settlement in intertidal habitats. We found significant differences between 3 geographic regions in the trace element concentrations recorded in natal statoliths of near-hatch larvae and in natal core and edge areas of recruit statoliths. Discriminant function analysis indicates that natal signatures of near-hatch larvae and the cores and edges of recruit statoliths show spatial segregation among regions. High levels of reclassification success of larvae to the origin region suggest potential for assigning recruits to the corresponding matching region. Concentrations of trace elements in the natal cores of recruit statoliths fell relatively close but did not overlap with the discriminant space occupied by larvae, and at regional scales the pattern of geographic variation of recruit statoliths resembles that of larval statoliths. This suggests population grouping and little population interchange at this regional scale. Assessing population stocks and connectivity of this species at smaller scales along the Chilean coast will only be possible with more finely structured sampling and a better understanding of temporal variation in the chemical environment. © Inter-Research 2012., CODEN: MESED
Manríquez, Galaz, Opitz, Hamilton, Paradis, Warner, Castilla, Labra, Lagos
Quantifying patterns of fish herbivory on Palmyra Atoll (USA), an uninhabited predator-dominated central Pacific coral reef
On many coral reefs, herbivorous fish play an essential role in regulating algal growth and influencing the outcome of coral-algal competition. Working on a remote predator-dominated coral reef on Palmyra Atoll, USA, we used behavioral foraging observations to quantify the roles of common parrotfish and surgeonfish in the roving herbivore guild. We recorded species-specific bite rates on different benthic organisms, quantified the relative abundance of those benthic organisms, and estimated benthos-specific grazing intensities as a function of bite rates, fish abundance, and percent cover. These grazing metrics were compared between the exposed fore reef (∼10 m depth) and protected reef terrace (∼5 m depth) habitats. We observed large differences in feeding rates and substrate selectivity among fish species. Most species fed predominately on algal turfs; however, some species foraged broadly among fleshy macroalgal taxa, while others specialized on calcified green algae of the genus Halimeda. The highest bite rates were recorded from species targeting algal turfs, while the highest rates of defecation were recorded from species targeting Halimeda. Per capita bite rates of all species were higher in the fore reef habitat (mean 45% more bites min-1); however, overall grazing intensities on turf algae (bites cm-2 d-1) were 5 times higher on the reef terrace than on the fore reef. Despite habitat-specific differences in the herbivore assemblages, the estimated distribution of total bites showed consistency among habitats, with strong guild-level positive foraging selectivity for algal turf. Comparisons of bite and defecation rate data for these herbivores across the Indo-Pacific highlight phylogenetic constraints on grazing activities. Overall, this study illustrates the importance of herbivore functional redundancy, variability in species-specific grazing, and provides a framework for assessing guildwide grazing impacts on coral reefs. © Inter-Research 2014.
Hamilton, Smith, Price, Sandin
Incorporating biogeography into evaluations of the Channel Islands marine reserve network,
, , , Networks of marine reserves are increasingly a major component of many ecosystem-based management plans designed to conserve biodiversity, protect the structure and function of ecosystems, and rebuild and sustain fisheries. There is a growing need for scientific guidance in the design of network-wide monitoring programs to evaluate the efficacy of reserves at meeting their conservation and management goals. Here, we present an evaluation of the Channel Islands reserve network, whichwas established in 2003 off the coast of southern California. This reserve network spans a major environmental and biogeographic gradient, making it a challenge to assess network-wide responses of many species. Using fish community structure data from a long-term, large-scale monitoring program, we first identified persistent geographic patterns of community structure and the scale at which sites should be grouped for analysis. Fish communities differedmost among islandswith densities of individual species varying from 3- to 250-fold. Habitat structure differed among islands but not based on reserve status. Across the network, we found that, after 5 years, species targeted by fishing had higher densities (1.5×) and biomass (1.8×) inside reserves, whereas nontargeted species showed no significant differences. Examining trophic groups, piscivore and carnivore biomass was significantly greater inside reserves (1.8× and 1.3× more, respectively), whereas the biomass of planktivores and herbivores was similar inside and out. A framework for incorporating biogeographic variation into reserve network assessments is critical as we move from the evaluation of single reserves to networks of reserves., ,
Hamilton, Caselle, Malone, Carr
Caselle (11) + -
Warner (9) + -
Sandin (5) + -
Ruttenberg (4) + -
Price (3) + -
Standish (3) + -
Donovan (2) + -
Loke-Smith (2) + -
Love (2) + -
Lowe (2) + -
Newsome (2) + -
Paradis (2) + -
Regetz (2) + -
Schroeder (2) + -
Sheehy (2) + -
Sosa-Nishizaki (2) + -
Walsh (2) + -
Young (2) + -


text:
Issa: Twitter Files Shouldn't Just Concern Right, They Worked with Corporations and FBI Has Gone After Civil Rights Groups
By Ian Hanchett
On Tuesday's broadcast of the Fox Business Network's "Mornings with Maria," Rep. Darrell Issa (R-CA) reacted to the latest batch of Twitter files showing that pharmaceutical companies pressured Twitter to take down tweets pushing for a generic vaccine by stating that it shows Twitter hasn't just worked with the government on political matters, but even worked with businesses on suppressing content and pointed out that weaponizing the federal government has been used against civil rights activists in the past.
Issa said, [relevant remarks begin around 2:10] "The fact that we should have to distort free speech in order to get people to take experimental vaccines is bad enough. But it's just part of a pattern. And if not for Elon Musk, we wouldn't know that Twitter and other social media have had a pattern of working, not just with business of this sort, but with government in order to twist things that even might affect elections."
He added, "Well, not since they spied on Martin Luther King trying to get the dirt on him — and yesterday was a good day to remember that — have we seen the weaponization against perceived enemies of the government. In this case, the enemies being the other party."
Watch Interview Here
Source: https://www.breitbart.com/clips/2023/01/17/issa-twitter-files-shouldnt-just-concern-right-they-worked-with-corporations-and-fbi-has-gone-after-civil-rights-groups/

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Note: Use of the license file on a duplicate machine must be approved through licensing@perforce.com.
Below MMM.NNN.OOO.PPP is the IP address on the license file.
And set the IP address to the one on the license file.


text:
Idiophantis callicarpa is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1927. It is found on Samoa.

References

Moths described in 1927
Idiophantis
Taxa named by Edward Meyrick

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Dissolves grease and sticky substances.
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All-natural butyl-based degreaser is an excellent, cost-effective substitute for chemical-based degreasers. High-powered solvent quickly dissolves grease and sticky substances. Depending on the job, product may be diluted or used at full strength.
Application: Degreaser/Cleaner; Applicable Material: Metal; Dirt Types: Grease; Grime; Lubricants; Oil-Based Soil; Scent: Unscented.


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text:
Owen Martin Artist	by Melanie Ezra
Since graduating in 2008 Owen Martin has formed a career as a photographer at international levels. His practice has always pushed the equipment he uses and his primary interest is in the aesthetic elaboration on scientific techniques within the medium.
In a world where everyone seems to be a photographer he has found that something new needs to be brought in order to challenge the medium. Owen uses noise from high ISO settings on his digital cameras to stretch the limits of the technology. He generates a different look through this pioneering approach to consider the outer limits and reaches of his tools.
"I have always had a deep interest in science and technology and I feel that photography is a medium that best allows me to include these in my work. I am interested in texture, light, and shadow - rather than colour- and the moods that these evoke."
Experiments with telescopes and, more recently, microscopes, have revealed in more depth the boundaries of lens technology. His photographs explore themes on the environment and in particular those considering tensions between loneliness and isolation. This colour palette deliberately toys with these themes to create ethereal textures and bleakness. The resulting photographs are simplistic in composition and yet swamped with noise. The effect on the viewer is deliberate and uncanny. Whether the subject is spiders or sunsets Owen seems to challenge the notion of a comfortable environment.
His unusual photographs have been widely received and shown in exhibitions in Rio de Janeiro, New York, and Venice as well as closer to home in the UK in Bath, London and Swansea. He is currently experimenting with display techniques and alternative materials, such as paint, in order to widen the scope of his concepts. The results of these experiments will be shown at various venues in 2014.
Melanie Ezra Review
Melanie Ezra's evolution from mathematician to photographer to artist follows a creative trajectory. Deciding to change careers in mid-life, Melanie left her relatively safe maths teaching post to undertake a BA in photography. Here she demonstrated a maverick approach to archaic photographic forms such as pinhole photography and challenged the medium with a conceptual approach to subject matter.
But where does a photographer go to make a mark and find a market in these days of cheap digital cameras when everyone is a photographer? Diversification; conceptualisation, artistic creativity have all helped Melanie Ezra to expand out of the constraints of the photographer and into the realm of the artist. Using photographs as her source material and then deconstructing them in a frenzy of cutting and pasting, she invokes 19th century decoupage, the 20th century pioneers of photomontage and collage and latterly, wandering into the realms of printmaking and mixed media to produce a totally 21st century response,
"I've never wanted to do long runs of anything. My artwork has always been about craft rather than mass production. It's the reason why I steered away from conventional photography and moved into collage. Before that, I focused on traditional chemical photography and pinhole images rather than digital imagery."
Ezra's pragmatic commitment to her artistic practice means that she diligently produces thematic suites of work. Influenced by her background in mathematics and physics, she works through a process of stretching time beyond a single moment and into something much longer. Her most recent series, Chronology, studies the imprints of past galaxies and their impact on our present, taking the split second imagery of a photograph and combining and superimposing a collaged image of a galaxy onto and into it, stretching time from the near present to the vast past in one single image.
Her work involves the physical deconstruction of the materials she works with; photographs, drawings, printmaking are all dis- and re- assembled according to her vision. A vision that,
"….involves examination of the different perceptions we give ourselves in visually recording and experiencing time. I know it involves the visual superimposition and possible juxtaposition of relatively recent history with that from eons ago."
A prolific blogger, Melanie Ezra's creative blog tells it like it is; discussing ideas, impressions, inspirations alongside more prosaic subjects such as meeting deadlines, marketing and the interminable paperwork faced by anyone in self-employment. She gives a valuable insight into the real world of the artist, the one where things go wrong, get mucky and frustrating as well as the highs of that first flash of inspiration and the satisfaction of coming to the end of a successful suite of images.
Since graduating in 2010, her prolific artistic output and focussed work ethic have resulted in many solo and group shows in Wales, the UK and internationally, a testament to her talent and her commitment to pushing the medium of photography beyond its current mass-produced digital genre.
Rose Davies. September 2013
Artist Review


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text:
Rich Americans seize historic chance to pass on wealth tax-free
Posted on May 4, 2020 by ericadminchia
Rich Americans are taking advantage of an unprecedented opportunity, made possible by the coronavirus pandemic, to transfer money to their children and grandchildren tax-free.
Thanks to the 2017 Republican tax overhaul, it was already easier than ever to avoid the U.S. estate and gift tax, a 40 percent levy on the biggest fortunes. Now, plunging interest rates and volatile equity markets are creating a once-in-a-lifetime chance that's keeping wealth advisers busy even as they work from home.
"Our phone is kind of ringing off the hook," said Jordan Waxman, managing partner of Nucleus Advisors. "There really hasn't been a better time to plan."
Key interest rates set by the Internal Revenue Service for estate-planning purposes have never been as low as they are starting this month. For example, the so-called Section 7520 rate, determined each month based on a formula, fell to 0.8 percent in May from 1.2 percent in April. It had been well above 2 percent for most of last year. The previous low for the rate, which applies to many popular trust strategies, was 1 percent in January 2013.
The simplest way for the rich to take advantage of the low rates is to loan cash or other assets to family members. Heirs can borrow millions of dollars, then invest the money and profit from any upside.
Beneficiaries can lock in today's ultra-low rates for years or even decades. The IRS-required rate on "mid-term" loans of three to nine years is 0.58 percent in May. The rate on longer-term loans — which can last 20 years or more — is 1.15 percent.
Sophisticated strategies
David Stein, a partner on the private client and tax team at Withersworldwide, said many people he helps are deciding to take out longer-term loans, preferring to pay a bit more in interest to guarantee a historically low rate for decades.
Falling rates enhance other sophisticated estate planning strategies, especially those that rely on loans to trusts. The advantage of these techniques, as well as simpler loans, is that they don't eat into any of the U.S.'s estate and gift tax exemption — the amount that Americans can transfer to heirs without triggering the tax. The 2020 exemption, which was doubled as part of the 2017 tax law, is $11.6 million for individuals and more than $23 million for married couples.
An especially popular tool is the grantor retained annuity trust, or GRAT, which lets beneficiaries profit from any future investment gains — with no risk of losing money — as long as those returns are higher than the IRS-required interest rate. The lower the rates, the easier for heirs to make money.
Low rates aren't the only reason advisers say they're preoccupied re-arranging client estate plans. While volatile markets have dented many portfolios, low valuations also make it possible to transfer assets to heirs without using up as much of the gift-tax exemption.
Waxman said his "docket is very busy" arranging for third-party appraisals of private businesses and real estate. The goal is to give, lend or sell the assets — at prices reflecting the economic slowdown — to trusts or other structures benefiting future generations.
November elections
There's also the threat that tax laws could change if President Donald Trump is defeated in the November elections. Former Vice President Joe Biden, the Democrats' presumptive nominee, has proposed closing estate-tax loopholes.
Americans will inherit an estimated $764 billion in 2020, and pay an average tax of just 2.1 percent on that income, according to a study by New York University law professor Lily Batchelder earlier this year.
"If you think Trump is a one-term president, you would be doing even more of these transfers now," said Megan M. Burke, an accounting professor at Marist College.
So far, the super-wealthy aren't so hurt by the crisis that they worry about giving away too much, Stein said.
"For most of our clients, their assets are way more than sufficient to weather the storm and then some," he said.
In fact, pandemic-induced lockdowns mean that many once-busy rich people find themselves with lots of time to maximize estate plans. Stuck at home, wealthy entrepreneurs finally have a moment to think about the next generation.
"It's a little crazy — I'm busier now than I was before this pandemic," said Jim Bertles, managing director at Tiedemann Advisors. "It's because clients and prospective clients reaching out to us have a lot of time on their hands."
7 ways the coronavirus pandemic is going to change the way we shopThis skincare company saw record sales in April even as coronavirus pandemic ravaged retail


text:
Weekly review of parliamentary activities for November 29 - December 3
Ulaanbaatar /MONTSAME/. November 29, 2021. Minister of Mining and Heavy Industry G.Yondon submitted a draft law on amending the Law on Petroleum Products to G.Zandanshatar, the Chairman of the State Great Khural (Parliament) of Mongolia. According to amendments, Mongolian Erchis Oil company is to partner with Russian Rosneft Aero company, a supplier of aviation fuel.
November 29, 2021. Parliamentary Research Insitute of Secretariat of the State Great Khural organized a scheduled training for Secretariat staff. This time, Dr. Ts.Sarantuya, Professor of the National University of Mongolia, gave a lecture on "Claims from the State Great Khural to the Constitutional Court" and "Comments to the Constitutional Court and positions of the State Great Khural".
November 30, 2021. Chair of the Subcommittee on Human Rights, MP B.Enkhbayar received Ms. Reem Alsalem, the United Nations Special Rapporteur on violence against women. During the meeting, the sides exchanged views on the implementation and monitoring of laws and regulations against violence against women, also on gender-based violence in the Criminal and Violations Laws.
November 30, 2021. The Secretariat of the State Great Khural of Mongolia and the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) jointly organized a discussion on "Japan's economic and industrial policy and the role of the Japanese Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry." This is the second discussion under "Let's develop like Japan" initiated by Chairman G.Zandanshatar.
December 01, 2021. At the State Structure Standing Committee meeting, an issue to celebrate the 30th anniversary of ratifying the Constitution of Mongolia was discussed and agreed upon by the majority of attended MPs.
December 2, 2021. The Asia-Pacific Parliamentary Forum on Global Health in cooperation with the World Health Organization hosted the fourth ad hoc virtual meeting on "Global Health and COVID-19 Asia-Pacific Parliamentary Forum", where MP J.Chinburen represented the Parliament of Mongolia at the online meeting.
December 2-5, 2021. Chairman of the State Great Khural of Mongolia G.Zandanshatar paid an official visit to the Republic of India. During the visit, Chairman G.Zandanshatar held a bilateral meeting with senior government officials to discuss the successful completion of a joint oil refinery project, cooperation in the construction of the Silicon Valley in Mongolia. Also, he paid a courtesy call on the President of India.
December 2, 2021. At the plenary session, the State Great Khural, the fifth non-judge member of the General Council of the Judiciary was appointed. Last week, 4 candidates were approved. Also, the first discussion of the draft law on amendments to the Law on Free Zones was held and transferred to Economic Standing Committee for final discussion. Moreover, the final reading of the revised draft law on Labor Migration and the accompanying draft laws were held and ratified. The last issue resolved was ratification of the State Great Khural resolution to celebrate the 30th anniversary of ratifying the Constitution of Mongolia.
December 2, 2021. At the plenary session, the State Great Khural, the first readings on draft Law on Amendments to the Law on Administrative and Territorial Units and Their Management of Mongolia, and the draft law on Cyber Security and the accompanying draft laws were held and transferred to affiliated Standing Committees for final discussion.
Mongolian delegation, led by Chair of the Standing Committee on Legal Affairs, MP S.Byambatsogt participated in the 143rd regular session of the IPU Assembly took place in Madrid from 25 to 30 November 2021. The session was co-hosted by the Parliament of the Kingdom of Spain, where the Mongolian delegation comprised of MP N.Uchral, MP Ts.Davaasuren and Secretary-General of the State Great Khural L.Ulziisaikhan exchanged views on relations and cooperation between the legislatures.
The State Great Khural of Mongolia to organize an Honorary Session in Kharkhorin, Uvurkhangai aimag on December 29, 2021 in commemoration of the 110th anniversary of Mongolia's restoration of national freedom and independence from the Manchu dynasty.
Press and Public Relations Department of the State Great Khural


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Home > Learn/Academics > Faculty & Teaching Staff > Profile
Fred Ebeid, PhD
Interim Provost/Vice Chancellor Emeritus
College of Business, Economics, and Computing Department
Ph.D., University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1974
EMAIL: ebeid@uwp.edu
http://homepages.uwp.edu/ebeid
Dr. Fred Ebeid is currently serving as interim provost and vice chancellor of academic affairs at the University of Wisconsin – Parkside. Prior to this appointment, he was professor and dean of the College of Business, Economics, and Computing at Parkside, and earlier, a professor and dean of the College of Business and Technology at Western Illinois University. His educational background includes a Ph.D. in Finance from the University of Illinois at Champaign-Urbana, a Master of Business Administration from Wayne State University at Detroit, a Bachelor of Business Administration degree from the University of Michigan at Dearborn, and an Associate in Commerce degree from Henry Ford Community College at Dearborn. Prior to his employment in higher education, Fred worked for General Motors Corporation, Cadillac Motor Car Division, in accounting and financial analysis. Professor Ebeid has presented his research at regional, national, and international professional conferences, published articles on financial and international topics, reviewed and contributed to existing and proposed finance textbooks, and provided financial consulting services. He has also served as board member and president of the Academy of Finance, advisory board member of the MBAA International, member of several regional and local economic development boards, president of Phi Kappa Phi, and member of the Illinois State Universities Retirement System Advisory Committee. Fred is listed in Who's Who in Finance and Business (2006-2007), Who's Who in American Education (2005-2006 and 2006-2007), Who's Who in America (2004 and 2005), Who's Who Among America's Teachers (2004, 2005, and 2006), Academic Keys Who's Who in Business Higher Education (2003), and Who's Who in Finance in Industry (1999). Dr. Ebeid presently serves as a volunteer peer reviewer and mentor for schools with business programs seeking to maintain or obtain accreditation from The Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB) International.
Teaching, Research/Creative & Consulting Interests
Dr. Ebeid has taught graduate and undergraduate courses in financial management, investments, and personal financial planning. Dr. Ebeid has been extensively involved in developing international programs for graduate and undergraduate students, and has received a number significant awards and honors.
Fred's research has appeared in the International Business & Economics Research Journal, Journal of the Academy of Finance, The Journal of Language for International Business, Journal of Contemporary Business Issues, American Business Review, University of Michigan Business Review, Mergers and Acquisitions - The Journal of Corporate Venture, The Journal of Finance, Midwest Review of Finance and Insurance, New Enterprise Management, and numerous international, national and regional proceedings. He has designed and implemented international student travel/study programs to Europe, Brazil, Canada, and China. Fred is also active in the development of international exchange programs and consortia designed to promote faculty collaboration among universities in China, India, Russia, France, Canada, Mexico, and the United States. Dr. Ebeid's international interest extends to Rotary International where he served as Youth Exchange Officer for the Macomb Rotary Club of Illinois from 1999 to 2002, working with host families and inbound and outbound students. For his distinguished service, he was recognized with Rotary's prestigious Paul Harris Fellow Award in 2002.
Consulting Interests
Selected Awards & Honors
1997: For College of Business & Technology, Outstanding Teaching, WIU
1995: Faculty Excellence Award, WIU
1995: Professional Advancement Award, WIU
1993: College of Business Service Award, WIU


Oh, Genesis, I was really happy that the radio played this one over the weekend. You see, I actually owned "Invisible Touch", it was one of the carefully selected cassettes I bought from Columbia House, but for whatever reason, by the end of Side B on that tape it was warped and distorted and so I didn't listen to it very often because it made me sad that I'd made a poor investment. And it made me even more sad because I thought you guys were the cat's pajamas, Genesis. Maybe I just wore the tape out, because I will admit that I played "Invisible Touch" over and over and over. And this was one of my favorite songs off of it. It was this weird mix of what sounded like tribal drums combined with a tale of what I think is about drug addiction, which of course I would have no inkling of back in the day. All I knew is that it seemed to involve monkeys, which I enjoyed, and it also included Phil Collins wailing out Ohh-ohhhwoah!!! Monkeys. Phil Collins wailing. That is all you need for a hit song, my friends.
Wait a second. . .he did the soundtrack for that "Tarzan" movie for Disney, didn't he? Case closed.


Last Friday, I stepped out of my wardrobe comfort zone.
I didn't realize how far out I was stepping until I was getting dressed that morning.
way to inspire our customers and ourselves. Last Friday, the focus was dresses.
Now, if you've read even one or two of my previous posts, then you know that I am a certified 'jeans, striped top and blazer' kind of girl. I am most comfortable in some version of that classic 'uniform'.
It hasn't always been that way. I used to wear dresses and skirts. Often, actually.
I can't pinpoint when I began to choose pants over dresses (for ease, 'dresses' will include skirts for the rest of this post). I just stopped wanting to wear dresses.
I purchased it in November, 2013.
Last Friday was the first time I have ever worn it!
While getting ready for work, I noticed that I was really struggling to stay commited to the dress. I had a running battle in my head. I am a 'rule follower', so I really wanted to show up in the suggested garb...but the urge to wear a pair of lovely, flowy linen pants was hard to ignore.
In the end...I decided to just leap.
I put on the dress and walked out the door.
I received the nicest compliments all day. Co-workers and customers commented on how great they thought I looked. How fresh and feminine. After each kind word, I found it hard not to explain and justify why I was wearing a dress. This was turning into a psychology study!
I had a really hard time wearing that dress and feeling like me. I felt like I was playing dress-up all day. I was thrilled to slip it off when I returned home. I never expected the simple act of wearing a dress to affect me so much.
Since Friday something interesting has happened...I keep thinking about dresses.
Specifically, about how I can incorporate a few dresses into my wardrobe.
Dresses that will feel authentic to me. Crazy, right?
find a dress or two that will fit into my existing wardrobe. A dress that feels like me.
Often the best way to shatter a limiting belief is to just leap through it.
It is possible to alter our usual 'uniform' and still be authentically ourselves.
We create our own story and image...so we can just as easily recreate them.
Want to try something new with your wardrobe? Dive in.
Often this piece was purchased with good intentions and never worn (like my ivory lace dress). Keep in mind that while this item might not be exactly right, wearing it could change your thinking...and open your mind to new style possibilities.
If you always wear solids...pick a pattern.
If you only wear flats...step into a pair of heels.
If you never wear knits...try a t-shirt or sweater.
If you always wear small jewelry...rock a statement piece.
It's a small risk that might just lead to a new favorite look.


text:
Plus-size models own the runway in documentary A Perfect 14
Giovanna Morales Vargas's film premieres at Vancouver International Women in Film Festival
Sabrina Furminger / Vancouver Courier
Premiering at the Vancouver International Women in Film Festival, Giovanna Morales Vargas's documentary A Perfect 14 casts its lens on plus-size models who are reshaping beauty standards of the fashion industry. Photo Dan Toulgoet
Fashion-forward, the fashion industry is not.
Wokeness might be the lifestyle choice du jour for on-trend millennials, but when it comes to topics such as body positivity, inclusion and diversity, the fashion industry still has some waking up to do.
Take longtime tastemaker Karl Lagerfeld, who passed away this month at the age of 85. Lagerfeld spent decades at the helm of Chanel, and he made no secret of his disdain for plus-size models, stating in a 2008 interview, "Curvy women should not walk the runway."
"It's the fat women sitting in front of televisions with their pack of crisps who say slim models are hideous," said Lagerfeld in Charles Ameline's 2013 book The World According to Karl.
Lagerfeld might have been one of the only designers willing to go on the record with his views, but he wasn't the only one to hold them.
The fashion industry has — explicitly and seemingly without remorse — long valued thinness. This bias is evident in print ads, on runways, in commercials and in the selection of sizes available in high-end stores. Who's missing? Anyone over a size 2. Who gets to be beautiful? Not women with curves, evidently.
"One of the biggest problems is that designers choose to not make clothes for plus-size people," says Vancouver filmmaker Giovanna Morales Vargas. "They think it diminishes their brand."
Vargas immersed herself in the world of plus-size modeling for her film A Perfect 14. The locally produced documentary has its Canadian premiere next week at the 2019 Vancouver International Women in Film Festival, and Vargas says her film is the first to cast its lens exclusively on models size 10 and up.
'There have been other films about body positivity, and there have been other films that touch on plus-size models, but ours is the only film that's concentrated on plus-size models," says Vargas.
A Perfect 14 follows the journeys of three plus-size models, including Vancouver-based Elly Mayday, as they navigate an industry that might be on the cusp of change.
A Perfect 14 follows the journeys of three plus-size models — Vancouver-based Elly Mayday, Kerosene Deluxe from the Netherlands and Australian Laura Wells — as they navigate an industry that, while historically unwelcoming, might be on the cusp of change.
Vargas's starting point was Mayday. The two had waitressed together nearly a decade ago. "She always said she wanted to be a model, and I remember people laughing behind her back because she was a curvy lady," says Vargas.
When Mayday launched a Facebook fan page and began posting photos from her modeling jobs, Vargas says she was inspired to lean in and learn more about plus-size modeling. "Every time I saw a photo of her, she looked like a model, because she was a model," says Vargas. "But she wasn't this regular model that you usually see in magazines."
Vargas "became obsessed" and, with Mayday's assistance, began to reach out to the plus-size modeling community to see if they'd be willing to talk about their experiences in the biz.
The result of her efforts is a film that shows three plus-size models working, navigating social media and reflecting on the challenges of feeling beautiful in a society that traditionally averts its eyes when curvy women take centre stage.
In one revealing sequence, Kerosene Deluxe attempts to find plus-size clothes in high-end boutiques, to no avail.
In one revealing sequence, Deluxe attempts to find plus-size clothes in high-end boutiques, to no avail.
It was difficult to find opposing voices willing to go on the record, notes Vargas — although it's common knowledge that such voices drive the industry.
"We couldn't make a film about a bunch of people complaining about how society doesn't understand them, and then not touch on the other side of the topic," she says. "We never, ever got a big designer who would agree to be on camera and say, 'I don't want to make clothes for plus size people.' But they don't."
Vargas did manage to include the story of one design student who was told she couldn't create a plus-size collection for her final project because the idea of such a collection was unfathomable.
That said, the film doesn't paint an entirely negative picture of the fashion industry, which is waking up to the fact models need to reflect beauty in all its forms, according to Vargas.
"Making this film, it changed my life completely," says Vargas. "Now I look at people and I want to celebrate them. If we encourage humans to be who they are, they're going to help us design and build a better society, a society that we can all contribute to."
A Perfect 14 screens March 7 at the 2019 Vancouver International Women in Film Festival. Vargas, Deluxe and producer James O'Brien will participate in a post-screening Q&A. VIWIFF, which celebrates female-driven cinema from local, national and international filmmakers, runs March 5 to 10 at Vancity Theatre. Details at womeninfilm.ca.
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N.J. pushes for science, manufacturing sectors
By Anjalee Khemlani
Trenton | Feb 7, 2018 at 12:16 pm
History is repeating itself as the state pivots back to its roots in the science and manufacturing sectors.
In the past several months — and amid a change in administrations — legislators and industry leaders have set the tone with meetings by three entities focused solely on growing the two sectors, with an eye on how innovation and technology are impacting both:
A bicameral Manufacturing Caucus, which was created and met last year, will meet again next week;
A Biotechnology Task Force, which was created in 2016 by the Legislature, met in January;
A new committee in the Assembly, Science, Innovation and Technology, held its first hearing in January.
There has been some overlap in legislators serving on the caucus, task force and committee, as well as familiar faces testifying at all three hearings.
But the conversation taking place in all three groups is far from new. The industries have been discussing, along with academia, the challenges the state faces for some time.
As Assemblyman Andrew Zwicker (D-Skillman), who chairs the new committee, put it: "It's now in a public space."
Tim Lizura, chief operating officer of the state Economic Development Authority, said the EDA has long been a player and is eager to increase its involvement.
"The biotech community is so dense and so prevalent that it's a little confounding that we don't get credit for that," he said.
Lizura serves on the task force along with Debbie Hart, CEO and president of BioNJ.
Hart agrees biotech is a growth area for the state.
"Looking at the growth of the industry, and the potential additional growth of the industry, we know we are leaving some opportunities on the table," Hart said.
There was a bicameral, bipartisan task force, similar to the biotechnology task force, in the 1990s that resulted in significant legislation.
The goal is similar with the new task force, which held two days of hearings of the academic and industry sectors in January. Hart said the task force is accepting written testimony until the end of the month.
The result will be recommendations that will be sent to the Legislature with hopes of renewed support and new ideas for growth of the industry.
A need for refocusing on the sectors comes from the loss of major companies — or an inability to attract new ones — to places such as Massachusetts, North Carolina and California.
"New Jersey is a fairly small state, comparatively speaking, geographically, to other regions of the country," Lizura said. "One of the things we don't do a good enough job of is (touting the) strength of what is an impressive biotech and life sciences community.
"Some of that is because … we haven't put a label on it. We haven't done a good job of branding the industry in New Jersey the way other places have."
And not because there haven't been opportunities. The density of biotechnology and life sciences companies in New Jersey is well-known, but areas such as the greater Boston region have matched the Garden State in attention.
(READ ROI-NJ's interview with Asm. Andrew Zwicker.)
"I don't know why we don't get the panache for the industry," Lizura said. "We are a home rule state and that tends to make people more inwardly focused on their community, and not the greater community. I don't know if that's inbred in the community in New Jersey or not.
"Of course, we are also a lot of other things. We are a little bit of a victim of our own success, because it's not just the biotech community. We are a finance capital, we are a manufacturing and distribution industrial hub. It's hard to brand yourself as one thing when you are so many other things as well. That is a challenge."
In addition, there is no formal method of collaboration between the industry and academia, and not enough seed money to go around for innovation, according to experts at the task force hearings.
The EDA oversees two programs that can help with the latter problem.
The first is the Angel Investor Tax Credit, which was established in 2013 but saw a significant boost in the past two years.
According to the EDA's website: "Since the program's inception in 2013, the EDA has approved 673 applications for investment, with more than $220 million being invested in 51 New Jersey technology and life sciences companies. The program is available to all eligible taxpayers, including out-of-state investors. In 2016, 39 percent of Angel Investor Tax Credit Program applicants were from New Jersey, with the remainder coming from throughout the United States and abroad. Foreign investors came from multiple European countries, including Belgium, Sweden and the Netherlands."
And the second EDA program is the Technology Business Tax Certificate Transfer (NOL) Program.
This, according to the EDA, "enables qualified, unprofitable technology and biotechnology companies to sell net operating losses and/or research and development tax credits to raise cash to finance their growth and operations."
To date, $905 million has been provided to 500 technology and life sciences companies through the NOL program.
As for collaboration, Lizura said, the state can also help with that.
"Maybe through a forum or a more regular event hosted in New Jersey," he said.
Manufacturing Caucus
Senate: Joseph Cryan, Bob Gordon, Linda Greenstein, Steven Oroho, Declan O'Scanlon Jr., Nellie Pou, Ronald Rice, Robert Singer, Troy Singleton.
Assembly: Anthony Bucco Jr., Nicholas Chiaravalloti, BettyLou DeCroce, Christopher DePhillips, Ryan Peters, Adam Taliaferro, Benjie Wimberly, Andrew Zwicker.
Biotechnology Task Force
Senate: Linda Greenstein, Bob Gordon, Robert Singer.
Assembly: Andrew Zwicker, Christopher DePhillips, Gary Schaer.
Non-legislators: Debbie Hart, BioNJ; Daniel O'Connor, OncoSec Medical Inc; Timothy Lizura, EDA.
Assembly Science, Innovation and Technology Committee
Andrew Zwicker (chair), James Kennedy (vice chair), Herb Conaway, BettyLou DeCroce, Christopher DePhillips, Tim Eustace, Britnee Timberlake.
Anjalee Khemlani | akhemlani@roi-nj.com | AnjKhem
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From the Trenches: Remediating Widespread Apache Log4j Flaw
Kokil Vira
VMware India
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Cybercrime , Finance & Banking , Fraud Management & Cybercrime
OnDemand Webinar | Trading with the World: Threats, Risk and the Race for Resilience APAC
Presented by Red Sift 60 Minutes
After the 2008 financial crisis, reform was developed to strengthen the financial resilience of the financial sector but broadly omitted cyber threats and risks. Yet cyber threats pose a significant challenge to the operational resilience, performance and stability of the financial sector.
Join this session and hear from the intelligence community from both sides of the Atlantic: former CEO of NCSC now Oxford University Professor Ciaran Martin, the FBI's current Cyber Specialist, Special Agent Brian Cyprian, Credit Suisse's Chief Information Security Officer Jason Mallinder, and Red Sift's, Head of Cyber Governance, Dr. Rois Ni Thuama.
The most OVERLOOKED threats facing Financial services TODAY
Preventative measures to take to proactively build resilience
How to avoid becoming the next headline
This webinar is available OnDemand.
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Professor of Practice, Blavatnik School of Government, Oxford University
Dr. Rois Ni Thuama
Head of Cyber Governance, Red Sift
OnDemand | Steps You Can Take Right Now to Guard Against Ransomware Attacks
Brian N. Cyprian has been a Special Agent since 2005 and supervisor for the Charlotte Cyber Task Force since March 2016. Cyprian develops strategy to defeat cyber adversaries and to protect U.S. critical infrastructure. He is responsible for informing critical stakeholders and citizens of vulnerabilities and schemes targeting the United States, specifically those who are located North Carolina. Both criminal and national security computer intrusions are investigated by the Charlotte Cyber Task Force and emphasis is placed on proactively developing relationships prior to cyber incidents. Prior to reporting to Charlotte, Cyprian was assigned to FBI Headquarters, Cyber Division, where he managed national security computer intrusion investigations. Cyprian has a B.S. in Computer Information Systems and a MBA from Texas A&M University –Commerce. He has several computer certifications, to include the CISSP and GIAC's Certified Intrusion Analyst.
Professor Ciaran Martin, CB, is a Professor of Practice at the Blavatnik School of Government at the University of Oxford. For six and a half years ending in mid-2020, he led the UK Government's work on cybersecurity. This included establishing the National Cyber Security Centre in 2016 and running it for its first four years. Prior to running the NCSC, Ciaran held a series of senior roles in the UK Cabinet Office, including Director of Security and Intelligence. He is now an advisor to Paladin Capital in the United States, and to Garrison Technology in the UK.
Rois Ni Thuama PhD is a doctor of law and subject matter expert in cyber governance and risk mitigation and Head of Cyber governance for Red Sift; one of Europe's fastest-growing cybersecurity companies. Working with key clients across a wide market spectrum including legal, finance, banking, and oil & gas and writes and presents on significant cyber threats, trends, and risk treatments.


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On July 14, 2020 By upstateasbIn Fiction, Literary Fiction, Psychological ThrillerLeave a comment
Hardcover Publication Date: October 8, 2019 / Expected Paperback Publication Date: September 15, 2020 / Publisher: St. Martin's Press
An exclusive British girl's school has an eerie history, and I was expecting (hoping for, actually) witches. Haven't done witches in such a long, long time and was not in the mood for anything that smacked of reality. Well, it's not witches– exactly, nor is it reality – exactly. The school is Elm Hollow, and, yes, there were witch trials there in the seventeenth century. As a result, Margaret Boucher, the school's founder was burned on the spot where the wych elm now stands, and there have been rumors of sorcery at Elm Hollow ever since. OK, witches, maybe. The reality? Modern day adolescents. Lest you're starting to think Harry Potterish, oh, no, it is not. These kids are the good, the bad, and the ugly: drugs, drinking, sex, spite, revenge, gossip. And sorcery? Sort of.
Violet, the narrator and central figure, is the new girl and something of a loner who is drawn into an existing clique. There's wealthy Alexandra whose mother studies the occult; Grace, the academic one; and Robin — daring, artsy with piercings and hair dyed a garish red. There was Emily, also, but she's disappeared, feared to be the victim of a predator. Violet is brought into the group by Robin, and, while she has doubts and wonders if she is replacing Emily, she wants so much to belong. All four are the chosen acolytes of Annabelle, a gifted teacher, who leads them in an extracurricular class focused on women throughout history who have used force and fury to right wrongs as only women can. Leaders, followers, wannabes – and sorcery. But is it really? More accurately, maybe it's just experimentation with sorcery – an adolescent fascination. Oh, yes, to be sure, there are five deaths with links to these four, a range of deaths from gruesome to bizarre and one that is mysteriously serene. Possibly murders, maybe accidents, or perhaps natural causes. Is it coincidence that these are linked to the girls? Could be. Or sorcery. Let's put it this way, if it's not sorcery, it's not for lack of trying because these girls have secrets to hide and scores to settle. A pretty good read, this, fierce and entertaining, and you'll be glad to know that, like most beloved old school traditions, Elm Hollow's is in good hands and will continue passing to future generations of girls.
Full Disclosure: A review copy of this book was provided to me by St. Martin's Press via NetGalley in exchange for an honest review. I would like to thank the publisher, the author and NetGalley for providing me this opportunity. All opinions expressed herein are my own.


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Home/switzerland/Battlefield V in the test: atmospheric, intense and cruel
Battlefield V in the test: atmospheric, intense and cruel
switzerland November 20, 2018 switzerland, Wissen & Technik
Electronic Arts Battlefield V is a party for fans of intense multiplayer battles, everything is right here. Little war stories for a single player lagged behind, but that's what they wanted.
World War II as a shooter stage – this choice of Electronic Arts publishers and the Dice developer studio is based on experience in the gaming sector and long-term market surveillance. Because players like this historical background. They love it more than the settings of science fiction with robots and flying battle suits, as evidenced by the figures of the two leaders of the market Call of Duty (Activision), as well as Battlefield. Not wanting to question the cruelty of the war with annihilation, the majority of players accept the setting as an arena for sports-oriented confrontation. And this is exactly what it is perfect for Battlefield V.
The staging that the Dice developer brings to the screen is huge. The sound environment is first class and puts the player in the middle of the battle. The graphics are also outstanding, the animations of the soldiers and videos reach the highest level. The intensity and pace of the game confirms the excellent reputation of the Battlefield series.
As in Battlefield 1, released in 2016, a solo player can go through episodes telling dramatic stories of war. A good idea, which in principle also works well, because the prospects shown are clearly different from the main one. One story revolves around a woman in the Norwegian Resistance, the other about the French colonial forces. But these episodes pass quickly, experienced players are hardly challenged or busy. Battlefield is, above all, a multiplayer mode, here are the obvious strengths of the series.
This once again confirms Battlefield V. Multiplayer modes are gigantic. Up to 64 players can re-use multi-level modes, such as "Big Operations" and "Combined Weapons", including "Conquest". Structures are well known to experienced Battlefield players, who will find in the current title exactly what they value for a multiplayer shooter. For newbies, Battlefield V is a great opportunity to get experience in this genre. Jörg Pistorius
Battlefield V released for Windows PC, Xbox One (both tested) and PS4. The name does not contain 16 years.
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