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You are here:Home / Limyaael Rants / Characterization of Protagonists, Part 2
Limyaael's Rant #45: Characterization of Protagonists, Part 2
This, too, touches on some things I've said before.
1) Keep your protagonist in balance with the other characters.
I've read so many fantasy books in which the author seemed to lavish all his or her care on the creation of the main character, or sometimes two main characters. The villains remained stock characters, and the minor characters might as well have been shadows.
This may be the best route to take with a self-centered protagonist, but few of the heroes in fantasy are supposed to be self-centered. In fact, in many cases the Authorial Voice From Above announces them as noble/compassionate/perceptive/intelligent, so readers are evidently meant to assume they are. Yet in many of those same cases, the "heroes" notice other people only as they relate to themselves. The secondary character sobs, and the hero asks what's wrong, and it turns out that she's mourning a lost love- just like the hero. Similarly, the other characters spend far too much time thinking about the heroes, or are portrayed as wrong for thinking about themselves, while the same thing is not a fault on the hero's part.
I think fantasy in particular has this problem because so many times the heroes are supposed to be the center of the universe, or the local equivalent. Harping on and on it about it can easily give your readers hives, however. Try implying it rather than stating it outright, and if you do state it, have others react in realistic ways, such as envy or resentment or calculations as to what this will mean to their own status. (How would it feel to be the younger brother of someone who saved the world, for example?) On occasion, they can forget about the heroes entirely. It's not their quest, after all.
Authors who do this well include Guy Gavriel Kay, George R. R. Martin, and Carol Berg.
2) Make your protagonists more than the sum of their destinies and their magic.
The heroine is the most beautiful, wonderful, powerful mage in the world, and she's going to save it because of a destiny that only she possesses.
But what is she like under all that? What was she like before she learned about her destiny? What is she like in the areas of life that have nothing to do with magic or beauty or saving the universe- cooking, for example? Could she survive on her own in the middle of a snowstorm? If she was trapped in the middle of said snowstorm with other people, would she consider cannabalism?
If all the answers relate back to her abilities- for example, she would never consider cannabalism because she could just magic the snowstorm away- then this is a problematic character. Fictional characters shouldn't be just a lump of magic any more than they should be just a lump of disaffected character traits. You may know what they can do, but do you know who they are? What would they do in a situation where they were helpless?
If they would do everything perfectly, and if there could never be a situation where the character is helpless, then there's even more of a problem. Consider a greater distance, or…
3) "Murder your darlings."
This phrase, spoken by Arthur Quiller-Couch, is in reference to words in stories that you love, but it can be applied with profit to characters, as well. Sometimes characters don't suffer, or skip merrily away from the consequences of their actions, because the author cannot bear to let them suffer. Other times, the author "falls in love" with a character, and lets the character have more story time than necessary, achieve everything he or she dreamed of, and say all the snappy and clever things.
This can trigger almost all the other problems with characterization, especially in fantasy, where the character may already be more special than he or she would be elsewhere. The author creates no other character as deeply, doesn't define any weaknesses or does so only to make the character look sympathetic, and sometimes self-identifies to the point that the character becomes Mary Sue/Marty Stu. The story ceases to be the story of the fantasy world, or of the main character's relationships with the world and people around her, and becomes the Story of the Character. This can happen even with characters that are not major, as when the author becomes fascinated with a previously minor character and gives him or her far, far too much story-time.
In that case, you need to make the character suffer real consequences, have them make mistakes, characterize them as fallible people, and, yes, perhaps kill them. Unless it's followed by a shiny and fake resurrection, nothing destroys the illusion of untouchability like death.
4) Characterize your protagonists in other ways than by internal monologue.
I love introspective fantasy characters, and I've written a lot of them. But a dollop of introspection goes a long way. Fantasy characters who sit around for large parts of the book meditating on their lives and the secrets of the universe eventually get boring. A large part of fantasy's heritage, like it or not, is the great deed and the derring-do. If your book doesn't have huge battles, then it needs other things to provide the action, like mysteries, political intrigues, or psychological tension. It takes a very good author to make a book only or even mostly about the character meditating, and it's even harder to write a fantasy that way.
Even without this, the internal monologue can be a poor tool. If the character is essentially telling the reader everything the reader needs to know in extended flashbacks, along the lines of "She had been so lonely since her earthworm Flopsy died. She was alone all day long. She knew the whistles of the birds because there was no one else to play with her…" or continually holding long lectures in his or her thoughts, then it becomes an excuse to infodump. The only possible exception I can think of is first-person narration, and then it takes an interesting first-person narrator, one who also holds communication with other people beside herself, to keep the story moving.
Look hard at your character's thoughts. Ask yourself if they really need to be there, and how many of them are focused on sheer "information" about the character and the world. Then cut, cut, cut.
5) Reduce the amount of the character's life experiences and character traits that come from you.
I learned this the hard way. My first viewpoint character in my first completed trilogy included a lot of information from my own life, such as spraining an ankle and frustration with people who were hypocrites. But they didn't fit very well in the story, and I soon found they were much less interesting than the parts in which I had to make things up, anyway.
This is the main problem with this kind of character creation. If the character does start changing in other directions, or if the story requires something else, you may not feel free to let it, because, after all, the character is based on you, or that really happened, and it has to be kept in there.
There are two kinds of necessity in writing a story, though: practical necessity, and story necessity. Cramming events that really happened in there just because they happened violates story necessity, the twists and turns of the plot and the world, for the sake of gratifying a self-indulgent practical necessity.
Of course, sometimes an incident may fit really well; I think I write well about the vertigo characters experience when looking from a height because I have experienced it. But ultimately, "Write what you know" is used too often as an excuse for creating pale characters or Mary Sues. People think they have to write about themselves, because they don't know anyone else. But considering how much people change over their lives, and how easily we deceive ourselves, I'd say this is actually much less useful than most people think it is.
6) Listen to the protagonist.
You've probably felt it, that wonderful moment when the protagonist comes alive and controls the story. Then he or she moves beyond the character profile, lives and breathes and bounces up and down restlessly.
However, too often authors with living protagonists remain bound to those character profiles or plot notes. I can't think of any other explanation for why a character changes during the course of the story, and yet at the end is forced into a marriage or a martyrhood or a place that no longer fits him or her. I suspect the author has planned developments early on (and perhaps feels that he or she needs them, like a marriage in a fantasy romance), and is more relucant to "risk" expanding the plot than to shoehorn a protagonist who's grown into a too-small place.
If your character is "destined" for a particular person at the beginning of the story, ask yourself if that still applies at the end. Ask yourself what you have to lose if you come up with a marvelous and unexpected plot twist that means someone else saves the world instead of your hero. Working in limits is an art, like writing rhyming poetry, but so is knowing when to break the limits and listen to the character. And, of course, I think those last make the best stories.


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TUITION FREE
Academic & Vocational Programs
Vocational Programs
About the SUNY Bronx EOC
GREETINGS from MR. RONNIE HECTOR - EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR
Welcome to the SUNY Bronx Educational Opportunity Center (EOC)!
I am incredibly humbled and honored to have the opportunity to advance the Bronx EOC's mission to inspire social, economic and environmental change in New York State. I am delighted in the potential of the Bronx EOC, and welcome you along for what will be a very engaging and fulfilling journey.
The EOC's are programs of the State University of New York (SUNY) and the Bronx EOC is administered by Bronx Community College of the City University of New York. The SUNY Bronx EOC is one (1) of twelve (12) EOC's in the State of New York.
Established in 1987, the Bronx EOC continues to provide a clean, safe and nurturing learning environment to economically and disadvantaged adults. The Bronx EOC fosters this by providing additional education and training opportunities.
To achieve our goals the Bronx EOC will offer a student-centered teaching and learning approach to academics and workforce development. At the Bronx EOC, we focus on the needs of individuals, families and the community, building partnerships to enhance the learning experience and empowering our students to be active participants in their socioeconomic and academic growth and development, leading to a better quality of life. We are a comprehensive one-stop educational and workforce development institution supported by counselors, instructors, mentors and others who will assist you throughout your tenure at the Bronx EOC. The Bronx EOC offers adult education, workforce development, vocational training, college exploration and job placement opportunities.
As you move into this new chapter of your life, we are standing ready to assist you in navigating the challenges and opportunities, and providing you with the lifelong learning skills to enhance your quality of life. Our faculty and staff are partners with you throughout your journey, and we are committed to your personal and professional growth and development. We look forward to this partnership and together we will bring our best to this endeavor, and build a creative and innovative learning community.
To build a successful learning community you must strive to follow the rules and regulations outlined in your Student Handbook. Please take a moment to read and familiarize yourself with the programs, requirements, policies, and procedures.
Thanks for partnering with us. I welcome you on behalf of the SUNY Bronx EOC. We wish you all the best in your endeavors, and know that we are here every day as a partner willing to support you, every step of the way.
Mr. Ronnie R. Hector
Established in 1987, and sponsored by Bronx Community College of The City University of New York, the SUNY Bronx EOC shares the College's mission to provide services that will prepare students for a life of independent and creative thinking, dignity, self-sufficiency and community participation. The SUNY Bronx EOC serves as a one stop provider of adult education and vocational training delivering academic, occupational, remedial instruction, college awareness, job placement, Microsoft certifications and community events. Responding to the specific needs of the individuals, families and community, the center offers a more comprehensive group of support services that enhance education leading to employment and a better quality of life.
The student population at the SUNY Bronx EOC is economically disadvantaged, and 50% did not complete high school, 30% TANF recipients, 40% are unemployed, 70% are women, a significant number of whom are single mothers, 39% of whom are Hispanic and 51% African-American. Every year the SUNY Bronx EOC serves an average of 1000 registered students and 2000 community residents. Annually about 250 graduates and community residents are placed in jobs.
The SUNY Bronx EOC is an educational institution of the State University of New York, established to educate and train economically and educationally disadvantaged youth and adults in the Bronx communities. The center offers continuing, remedial and vocational education in a life-long learning process, in order to develop a skilled workforce for the future. In and through the educational activities, the center is also a force and a catalyst for community revitalization and total development of persons.
We believe in you
The SUNY Bronx EOC values dignity and self-respect in every individual in the community. We believe that the disadvantaged people in the communities have a right to self-determination and power through higher education and greater participation in society.
Mr. Ronnie Hector, Executive Director
Ms. Jacqueline Corcoran, Director - Academic Affairs
Ms. Robin Christopher, Associate Director - Planning & Evaluation
Ms. Deborah Omokha Oviawe, Director - Business Affairs
Full Time Instructors
Mr. Faouzi Abousalham
Dr. Sayyid Cato
Adjunct Instructors
Mr. Rod Armand
Mr. Rajesh Handa
Mr. Noel Lelis
Mr. Hainic Moshe
Ms. Gloria Taveras
Mr. Luis Torres
Ms. Andrea Ward-Elliott
Ms. Elies Whitfield
ATTAIN Lab Coordinator
Mr. Brandon Avery
College Connections Initiative
Mr. Antonio D'Amore, Counselor
Ms. Rehana Hoque-Khan, Counselor
Computer Lab Technicians
Mr. Rohan Kennedy, IT Support
Mr. Clinton Watkins, Assistant IT Support
Counselors/Academic Advisors
Ms. Shirley Nelson
Ms. Shyla Heyward-Graham
Enrollment Manager
Mr. Alex Arkorful
Job Developers/Career Advisors
Mr. Thomas Goggans
Ms. Charisma Hernandez
Mr. Eric Otoigiakhi
Marketing & Employment Services Manager
Mr. Frank Muñoz
ADMINISTRATIVE SUPPORT STAFF
Administrative Assistant - Executive Director's Office
Ms. Iris N. LeFebre
Administrative Assistant - Student Records
Ms. Maryluz Navarro
Ms. Allison Kak
Mr. Frank Du Boulay
Mr. Xavier Feliciano
Mr. William Lindsey
Secretary/Clerical Support
Mr. Shawn Gadsden
Mr. Isaiah Hicks
Ms. Michelle Lopez
Ms. Althea Roberts
Ms. Patricia Smith
Ms. Lisemberg Zhong
1666 Bathgate Avenue, Bronx, New York 10457

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President marks World Refugee Day
Published: Wed 17th Jun, 2020 | 12:57
The 20th of June is World Refugee Day, an international day designated by the United Nations to honour refugees around the globe.
World Refugee Day aims to focus global attention on the plight of those fleeing conflict or persecution, and reminds the world that everyone, including refugees, can contribute to society. These themes are also reflected in the work of President Higgins.
In his speeches and in his meetings with political leaders, President Higgins has called for solidarity with people who are forcibly displaced, and he has urged governments to assume greater responsibility for the welfare of migrants and refugees.
President Higgins has had a life-long interest in issues of migration and asylum, and since his inauguration in 2011 he has visited direct provision centres in Ireland and refugee camps in Gambella (Ethiopia) and Eleonas (Greece).
President receives Mr. Filippo Grandi, UN High Commissioner for Refugees (2019)
Statement on the occasion of the Global Refugee Forum (2019)
President gives keynote address at Fordham University (2019)
President receives participants in the 'Correspondence - An anthology to call for an end to Direct Provision' project (2019)
President and Sabina host a Garden Party to acknowledge the work of those supporting Asylum Seekers and Refugees (2019)
President and Sabina visit Welcome Centre and meet students and volunteer teachers (2019)
President meets with Group of Friends of Migration (2019)
President and Sabina visit Eleonas Refugee Camp (2018)
President attends a meeting with UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Filippo Grandi (2018)
President visits Mosney Direct Provision Centre and presents Bronze Gaisce Awards (2017)
President receives Almuthna Loulah on a courtesy call (2017)
President attends the World Humanitarian Summit, Istanbul (2016)
President visits UNHCR Compound in Gambella, Ethiopia (2014)
Speech at the opening of the new offices of the Irish Refugee Council and the Migrant Rights Centre of Ireland (2014)
Address at a reception Marking the Twenty-First Anniversary of the Irish Refugee Council (2013)
Remarks at the Opening of the Irish Refugee Council's Independent Law Centre (2013)


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Inauguration of Professor
Student Community Service Program
UGM Holds Social Service in Getas-Ngandong Forest Area for Specific Purposes
By: Marwati
UGM Gelar Bakti Sosial di KHDTK Getas Ngandong
Universitas Gadjah Mada's Faculty of Forestry alongside Faculty of Dentistry and Faculty of Pharmacy hosted a social service in Getas-Ngandong Forest Area for Specific Purposes (KHDTK), Central Java.
The event was held from September 8 to 9, 2018 as a form of community service routinely carried out by Forestry UGM. This time, students were dispatched to four villages around the spot, including Getas, Tlogouwung, Gempol, and Bodeh in Blora Regency.
Dean of Forestry UGM, Dr. Budiadi, explained the event was one of UGM's commitment to improving the welfare of communities around the forest. This is because many of them are still living in poverty and poor health conditions, including people in the southern Blora Regency.
"Mandated to manage the KHDTK Getas-Ngandong, Forestry UGM initiated an alternative approach through improving the quality of oral and general health by partnering with Dentistry and Pharmacy UGM."
Meanwhile, Dean of Dentistry UGM, Dr. drg. Ahmad Syaifi, SP Perio, stated the social service sent 200 Dentistry students from batch 2016. Additionally, the event themed "Serve with Sincerity, Contribute to Nation" was also assisted by 30 co-assistants and residents.
"This is expected to give valuable experiences to prospective dentists and provide them with a real picture of health conditions in impoverished areas," he said.
Assistant II for Blora Regency's Economic, Development, and Welfare, Slamet Pamudji, S.H, M.Hum., who represented the Regent stated that this social service corresponded with their program. His side strives to continue improving the community welfare in the southern part of the Regency.
In this event, Blora Regency provided 10 tons of rice distributed to four villages of UGM community service locations. They also provided medicine and personnel to support the activity.
To strengthen the link between the activity and forest development, Forestry UGM handed over 3,000 seeds of 5 forest plants from Watershed Management Center Pemali Jratun. On the other hand, support was also given by UGM Alumni Association in the form of four water tanks which were highly needed for dental examinations.
This event received a warm welcome from local residents, as evidenced by the large number of people participating in it. Approximately 2,000 people were involved and benefited from this social service held by UGM.
Chairman of the social service, Alvindo Wildan, explained the two-day event was filled with various activities. On the first day, they provided health education for elementary students, community health counseling, cooking competitions with local materials. Then, on the second day, they distributed basic necessities as well as performed health and dental examinations.
At the same time, Dean of Forestry UGM also inaugurated the Getas League Volleyball Competition in celebrating the faculty's 55th Anniversary. The competition was joined by 12 Forest Village Community Organizations in KHDTK Getas. This event was also expected to improve the quality in public health.
Restoring Getas-Ngandong Forests, UGM Initiates Java Forests Restoration
Friday,07 April 2017 - 9:56
Wednesday,12 September 2018 - 13:50
UGM Firstly Harvests Rice from Forest
Monday,26 March 2018 - 11:52
Faculty of Forestry UGM Plants 4,000 Trees in Blora
Tuesday,20 March 2018 - 11:10
Faculty of Forestry Support Acceleration of Policy Implementation for People's Welfare
Friday,17 November 2017 - 9:40
18,964 UGM Students Receive Scholarships, Director of Student Affairs Says 20 January 2023
Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM) annually allocates hundreds
Prof. Budi Setiadi Daryono Recounts Origin of His Apple Melon Cultivar 'Hikapel' 16 January 2023
In 2012, a team of researchers from the UGM Facult
UGM Graduate Fajar Kelana Named Top 20 International James Dyson Award Winner 13 January 2023
Fajar Sidik Abdullah Kelana, an alumnus of UGM and
Chemical Eng. Students Win International Youth Ideas Competition 05 January 2023
UGM Chemical Engineering students Andhirta Rukmarata Chani
UGM Secures IDR 67 Billion From 2022 Kedaireka Matching Fund, Most Among Other Universities 30 December 2022
Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM) has topped the list of unive
No latest event at this time


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4-10-14 in last 15 games
Injuries to veteran forwards Cole Coskey and Danny Katic late in the 2018-2019 season opened the door to regular playing time for rookie center Camaryn Baber. And the Sault Ste. Marie native has answered the call for the Saginaw Spirit.
Being a healthy scratch and missing games due to an injury of his own limited the playing opportunities for the 5-foot-10, 180-pound Baber for a good chunk of the 2018-2019 Ontario Hockey League regular season.
In all, Baber suited up for 48 of Saginaw's 68 regular-season games and produced 8 goals, 15 assists, 23 points.
Of note are the numbers that Baber put up over the last month or so of the regular season when he had 3 goals, 8 assists, 11 points over Saginaw's final 11 games of the schedule.
Combine that with a goal and two assists that Baber tallied in Saginaw's four games in the first round of this spring's playoffs and the hard-working pivot with the April 4, 2001 birth date has 4-10-14 totals over his past 15 outings.
Baber is one two Sault Ste. Marie products playing for Saginaw.
The other is left winger Nick Porco, who also has a 2001 birth date. Porco scored 20 goals during the regular season for a Spirit team that finished second in the Western Conference standings.
Porco, by the way, missed the fourth game of the opening round of the playoffs with concussion symptoms. He is expected to return to the Saginaw lineup when the Spirit plays host to the Soo Greyhounds this Friday and Sunday in Games 1 and 2 of their best-of-seven, Western Conference semi-final series.


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FAMILY REACHES SETTLEMENT OVER COLLISION WITH LOG TRUCK
Howell v. J & J Wood, Inc., et al. | U.S. District Court, Middle District of Alabama, Eastern Division
The firm reached a confidential settlement for the family of decedent whose automobile struck the defendant's log truck that was stretched across all four lanes of a busy U.S. federal highway near Phenix City, Alabama, on a rainy night.
Lawyers Involved:
George W. Finkbohner III
David S. Cain Jr.
David S. Cain Jr


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Level-line primitives for image registration with figures of merit
Authors: Almehio, Yasser | Bouchafa, Samia | Zavidovique, Bertrand
Abstract: Planar geometric transformations approximately model differences between images from a moving camera. Our registration technique consists of finding and matching featured primitives, invariant in the observed scene. The invariant shape to be maintained constrains the kind of approximation. Primitives stem from level-lines, inheriting their robustness towards contrast changes. The registration still improves it through efficient cumulative matching based on a multi-stage primitive election procedure. This paper is a continuation of a preliminary work on the simplest geometric transform, similarity, constructing two-segment-primitives. Our contribution is to validate further geometric transforms, completing the path "similarity, affine, projective". Transformations are stable when they …are computed on planar objects or from scenes which contain many coplanar facets and elements. Our approach works with cluttered images, and even if the estimation is done globally while the apparent displacement is not small and there are several different unknown motions in the scene. Results obtained with selected shapes of primitives are shown and compared in the corresponding sections. A gauge of transform goodness is elaborated, based on an assumption of spatial ergodicity incentive to estimate a conditional probability of finding similar pixel values in a neighborhood of the original and transformed images respectively. Show more
Keywords: Image registration, level line extraction, primitive grouping, affine and projective invariants, matching, geometric transformation
Modelling and simulation of double-link scenario in a two-wheeled wheelchair
Authors: Ahmad, Salmiah | Siddique, Nazmul H. | Tokhi, M.O.
Abstract: Wheelchairs on two wheels are essential part of life for disabled persons. But designing control strategies for these wheelchairs is a challenging task due to the fact that they are highly nonlinear and unstable systems. The subtle design of the system mimics the inverted pendulum with a double-link scenario. This forms an example of multi degree of freedom system where there are three actuators, one on each wheel, and one for position between the two links. The system starts to work with lifting the front wheels (casters) to the upright position and further on stabilizing in the upright position. The …challenge resides in the design, modelling and control of the two-wheeled wheelchair to perform comparably similar to normal four-wheeled wheelchair. This paper is aimed to model the highly nonlinear and complex two-wheeled wheelchair system using two different approaches. A state-space model is obtained from the linearised mathematical model as an initial attempt for control design investigation. Then a complex visualized mathematical model is developed, which proves as a good technique for prediction and simulation of the two-wheeled wheelchair. Show more
Keywords: Double inverted pendulum, mathematical modelling, two-wheeled mobile robot, wheelchair, disabled
A new thresholding algorithm for document images based on the perception of objects by distance
Authors: Mesquita, R.G. | Mello, C.A.B. | Almeida, L.H.E.V.
Abstract: In this work a new method to enhance and binarize document images with several kind of degradation is proposed. The method is based on the idea that by the absolute difference between a document image and its background it is possible to effectively emphasize the text and attenuate degraded regions. To generate the background of a document our work was inspired on the human visual system and on the perception of objects by distance. Snellen's visual acuity notation was used to define how far an image must be from an observer so that the details of the characters are not …perceived anymore, remaining just the background. A scheme that combines k-means clustering algorithm and Otsu's thresholding method is also used to perform binarization. The proposed method has been tested on two different datasets of document images (DIBCO 2011 and a real historical document image dataset) with very satisfactory results. Show more
Keywords: Document image processing, binarization, visual perception, document image analysis, image pixel classification
Querying fuzzy spatiotemporal data using XQuery
Authors: Bai, Luyi | Yan, Li | Ma, Z.M.
Abstract: How to accurately handle querying criteria based on user's preferences has become a key technology for querying fuzzy spatiotemporal data, typically collected by modern monitoring devices such as GPS receivers and sensors. However, although fuzzy logic is incorporated in querying fuzzy spatiotemporal data and querying fuzzy data in XML, relatively little work has been carried out in querying fuzzy spatiotemporal data in XML. In this paper, we propose an approach for querying fuzzy spatiotemporal data using XQuery. On the basis of its architecture, we make extensions to XQuery language. The extensions consist of the new xs: truth data type intended …to represent gradual truth degrees, and the new Val element and the new Poss attribute to handle satisfaction degrees. Furthermore, fuzzy spatiotemporal linguistic terms are extended to declare fuzzy terms and use them in querying expressions. Additionally, FLWOR are extended to support fuzzy spatiotemporal queries. After extensions of XQuery on fuzzy spatiotemporal data, we present real case querying examples, discuss crucial details of their processing, and perform evaluations of each querying example. Finally, the comparative study demonstrates the advantages of our approach. Show more
Keywords: Fuzzy spatiotemporal data, XQuery, truth degree, linguistic terms, FLWOR
Rician noise attenuation in the wavelet packet transformed domain for brain MRI
Authors: Pérez, Gabriela | Conci, Aura | Moreno, Ana Belén | Hernandez-Tamames, Juan Antonio
Abstract: Preprocessing stage for denoising is a crucial task in image analysis in general, and in computer-aided diagnosis using medical images in particular. Standard acquisition of Magnetic Resonance Images (MRI) presents statistical Rician noise which degrades the performance of the image analysis. This paper presents a new technique to reduce Rician noise of brain MRI. The new method for noise filtering is achieved in the discrete Wavelet Packets Transform (WPT) domain. Four methodologies for thresholding the detail coefficients in the same 2D WPT domain have been experimented considering two scenarios (with and without a previous adaptive Wiener filtering in the spatial …domain). Best quantitative and qualitative results have been obtained by the new method presented in this work (specifically tailored for brain MRI), which is adaptive to each subband and dependent on the data. It has been compared with other traditional methods considering the Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR), Normalized Cross Correlation (NCC) and execution time (∼ 0.1 s/slice). A complete dataset of structural (T1-w) brain MRI of the BrainWeb database has been used for experiments. An important aspect is that these experiments with synthetic images proved that the common prior adaptive Wiener filtering often used by many authors is a dispensable procedure. Show more
Keywords: Brain MRI filter, Rician noise, image denoising, adaptive Wiener filtering, wavelet packets transform, soft-thre- sholding
A computational intelligence optimization algorithm: Cloud drops algorithm
Authors: Chen, Jun-Feng | Wu, Tie-Jun
Abstract: The stagnation phenomena regularly happen in solving complex optimization problems by a class of computational intelligence algorithms which lack theoretical guidance for their parameters setting. The search characteristics of these algorithms are analyzed in this paper, based on which an adaptive computational intelligence optimization algorithm called cloud drops algorithm is proposed by adopting a cloud model to express the randomness and fuzziness of its search process. The cloud drops algorithm is characterized by representing, mining and recreating the uncertain knowledge about its search process for the optimal solution. None of search parameters are predefined in the proposed algorithm and, whatever …the initial solution set is, the whole system can adaptively approach to the global optimum. Based on the theory of stochastic processes, the almost sure convergence of the proposed algorithm is proved under certain conditions by introducing a martingale approach into traditional Markov Chain analysis. Two benchmark problems are tested with the proposed algorithm and the other two existing algorithms as a comparison. The results show that the proposed algorithm has faster convergence speed, better self-adaptability, and stronger ability to deal with stagnation phenomena effectively. Show more
Keywords: Computational intelligence algorithms, cloud model, almost sure convergence, stagnation elimination
Parallel implementation of a real-time high dynamic range video system
Authors: Guthier, Benjamin | Kopf, Stephan | Wichtlhuber, Matthias | Effelsberg, Wolfgang
Abstract: This article describes the use of the parallel processing capabilities of a graphics chip to increase the processing speed of a high dynamic range (HDR) video system. The basis is an existing HDR video system that produces each frame from a sequence of regular images taken in quick succession under varying exposure settings. The image sequence is processed in a pipeline consisting of: shutter speeds selection, capturing, color space conversion, image registration, HDR stitching, and tone mapping. This article identifies bottlenecks in the pipeline and describes modifications to the algorithms that are necessary to enable parallel processing. Time-critical steps are …processed on a graphics processing unit (GPU). The resulting processing time is evaluated and compared to the original sequential code. The creation of an HDR video frame is sped up by a factor of 15 on the average. Show more
Keywords: Real-time, high dynamic range video, parallel processing, GPU


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Rediff.com » News » How a 14-yr-old saved her brother from death
How a 14-yr-old saved her brother from death
Last updated on: July 24, 2010 00:49 IST
Not without my brother
Archana Masih
A 14-year-old saved her younger brother's life after he was hit by bullets when Naxals attacked her home in Chhattisgarh.
A policeman countering the attack was shot in the face and lies in hospital, unable to speak.
Archana Masih meets two young people in a Raipur hospital who convey the human tragedy of a conflict that is destroying lives -- on both sides. Photographs: Seema Pant.
Dr Pankaj Dhabalia picks up the X-ray plates and holds it against the light. "Can you see the two bullets in his legs?" he asks, pointing at the cylindrical pellets lodged in the limbs of 11-year-old Abhijit Singh Gautam.
I have never seen an X-ray of a gun-shot wound and try to pay attention to the doctor explain the procedure of the removal of the bullets, but my mind is focussed on the little boy lying in bed who has the same first name as my brother.
I am amazed at the child's composure just a few days after major surgery. His legs are bandaged, his arms bear abrasions from an explosion, but his face does not betray any sign of pain, rather with a certain amount of precociousness he raises his head to listen and goes back to playing a game on the cell phone.
If you did not know about his grievous injury, you would think here was a child recovering from routine surgery.
But Abhijit has survived a fierce armed attack when his home in Nakulnar in Chhattisgarh's Dantewada district came under fire from between 100 and 150 Naxals, the ultra-left group fighting the Indian government in seven states.
His paternal uncle and another acquaintance died in the attack. A police constable, among the five policemen countering the attack, was shot in the face.
The policeman, 24-year-old David Toppo, lies three beds away, his jaw held together with plates and bandages, as he communicates with his distraught father, a guard at the State Bank of India, with a pencil and notebook.
Click Next to read more...
Image: Abhijit Gautam, 12, recovering from gun-shot wounds in a Raipur hospital.
Photographs: Seema Pant
'Didi should get the President's award for her bravery'
On the night of July 7, Abhijit Gautam's family was asleep after celebrating his elder sister Anjali's birthday who turned 14 that day. They were woken up with bullets and grenades after midnight.
His father, mother and brother fled to the first floor of the house, while Abhijit, his sister and grandmother were trapped in a room on the ground floor.
"They wanted my father. I did not tell them where he was. They also wanted his gun. I knew where the gun was, but I hid it under a bedsheet," says Abhijit relating what happened during the three-hour battle that night.
"It was dark in the room. The firing from outside destroyed almost everything -- tiles, glass, lights, tables... The bullet hit my thigh, one injured my knee. In the dark I am not sure whether they could see who they were firing at, they were firing from all sides. I've heard Naxals don't kill children. I was bleeding so heavily -- you could fill half a bucket with the blood flowing out of my wounds," says Abhijit soon after a member of the hospital staff has come and cleaned him.
We stand outside his room and hear him crying in pain as the attendant moves him in bed. His legs hurt when raised to rest on a pillow. The boy who had appeared calm and strong at first is just a child who had gone through something no child -- in Maoist territory or outside -- should ever have to.
If not for his sister, Anjali, a Class 9 student, Abhijit may not have survived that night.
With courage far beyond her age -- which Abhijit relates with great pride -- she tied her brother's bleeding legs with a bedsheet, carried him on her back and ran out of the house that was under siege.
She did not stop till she reached the safety of their uncle's house half a kilometre away.
"I saw her run out from my position on the first floor," says police constable Narsingnath Yadav, one of those on guard duty at the house that night, "She was carrying him on her back and there was firing happening from the gate. I asked her where she was going and she said she was taking him to their uncle's house."
"Didi ran and we were lucky that we did not come under any more fire and reached our uncle's home," continues Abhijit, "At that time all I was thinking was that nothing should happen to mummy and papa. I was taken to hospital in an anti-landmine blast-proof vehicle."
"Didi should get the President's award for her bravery that night."
Image: Police constable N Yadav with Abhijit. Yadav was one of the 5 guards defending Abhijit's house when Naxals attacked that night.
David Toppo was shot in the face, his lower jaw is broken
Fortunately, Anjali did not suffer as much as a scratch and her father feels the children will overcome the trauma of that night gradually. The family observed the 13th day ceremony of the passing away of their relative three days ago.
"My son showed such bravery that night while the courage of my daughter saved his life. She was adamant about getting him out of there inspite of the grave danger -- such is is the power of a sister's love for a brother. They were children and yet my son got hit by five bullets. He was bleeding and the Naxals wanted to know where his papa was. No one is talking about our human rights," says his father Avdhesh Singh Gautam, referring to those hours as the dance of death in his home.
Gautam was a former vice president of the Kuwakonda Janpad panchayat for three terms (15 years). His wife Pushpa was recently elected vice president.
A member of the Congress party, he refutes his reported association with Mahendra Karma, Chhattisgarh's former home minister who launched the controversial Salwa Judum tribal militia against the Naxalites, and denied being involved in any anti-Naxal activity that would make him their target.
"I have lived and worked with the tribals in my area. The Naxals don't like my popularity with tribals. I was also attacked by an AK-47 in July 2008. Some CPI (Communist Party of India) workers aligned with the Naxals are against me," he alleges.
Abhijit will be discharged in a week or so from the hospital in Raipur, after which his wounds need daily dressing. The thigh will also need plastic surgery. Two rods have been placed to fix the bones while tiny crystals caused by the bullets are still caught in his flesh, says his father.
The boy, who wants to be a police officer, changed school some 10 days ago, and while he escaped near death, his impending worry is about missing days at his new school.
David Toppo, the policeman who defended Abhijit's family that night, will need further surgery. Toppo's lower jaw is broken, he lost some of his teeth and his tongue which had split has been stitched.
"The doctors say his healing will take some time. Since my family is in the village I stay at the hospital with him," says his father Eliezer.
David is his eldest son, the only child who is employed while Eliezer's other four children are studying. David, a tribal, joined the Chhattisgarh police in 2008. At 24, he nearly lost his life that night -- he was airlifted in a helicopter -- and remains in ICU almost a fortnight after the event.
He has walked a little for the first time since the attack two days ago, but has not communicated by writing on a notebook lately, says his anxious father.
In the offensive against the Naxals, it is the personal human tragedies of people like young David or 12-year-old Abhijit or poor tribals caught in the cross-fire -- that bring to light the truth that the greatest loss in any conflict is always felt by a grieving mother, a broken father, a tormented child -- and it is almost always borne alone.
Image: Constable David Toppo with his father Eliezer, left, a bank guard. The bullet broke Toppo's jaw.
Fighting Naxals: Cops, CRPF don't trust each other
How I joined the Naxals, and why I left
'Maoists have totally militarised themselves'
'The police sound as though they are high on pot'
'There's no difference between police and Naxals'
Parl panel grills Twitter over Amit Shah's account


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Q: Why is rust raising error '`()` is not an iterator'? I tried to write a program that does the following thing: take all suffixes of a given string s, then sort these suffixes with dictionary order.
here is my code:
let mut sorted = (0..s.len())
        .map(|i| (i, &s[i..s.len()]))
        .collect::<Vec<(usize, &str)>>()
        .sort_by_key(|k| k.1);
for elem in sorted {
    println!("{} {}", elem.0, elem.1);
}

and rust compiler gives an error:
error[E0277]: `()` is not an iterator
 --> src/lt05.rs:7:17
  |
7 |     for elem in sorted {
  |                 ^^^^^^ `()` is not an iterator
  |
  = help: the trait `Iterator` is not implemented for `()`
  = note: required for `()` to implement `IntoIterator`

Could anyone please explain what is wrong in this code?

A: Vec::sort_by_key sorts a vector in place and returns ().  So in your code sorted ends up being assigned (), the unit type which you can't iterate over.
To fix this you can simply sort the vector after you've constructed it by moving the call to sort_by_key into a separate statement and then iterate over the sorted vector.  See example below.  Here is a Rust Playground which does this.
fn main() {
    let s = "thisisatest";

    let mut sorted =
        (0..s.len())
        .map(|i| (i, &s[i..s.len()]))
        .collect::<Vec<(usize, &str)>>();

    sorted.sort_by_key(|k| k.1);
    for elem in sorted {
        println!("{} {}", elem.0, elem.1);
    }
}

Output
6 atest
8 est
1 hisisatest
4 isatest
2 isisatest
5 satest
3 sisatest
9 st
10 t
7 test
0 thisisatest

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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How I-9 Changes Could Threaten Your Business in 2018
Jason McDowell | March 13, 2018 |
You may not realize that changes were made to Form I-9 during the last six months of 2017, but now is the time to get caught up.
Form I-9 is used to verify an employee's eligibility to work in the United States, and fines for failed regulatory compliance have increased to a range of $256-to-$2,156, doubling from previous years. As a result, multiple fines resulting from I-9 errors can easily compound and cripple a small business.
"More than ever before, small business owners and their HR managers must now devote valuable time and resources to conduct extensive self-audits in anticipation of a Form I-9 audit from [U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement] ICE, which can occur with as little as a three-day notice," says Patrick Valtin, CEO of employee evaluation testing platform HireBox. "This burden of staying up to date with all applicable Form I-9 policy changes has become a real challenge. Small businesses can be hit hard for administrative errors or technical violations, rather than substantive ones."
The Results of Failed Compliance
I-9 mistakes can trigger an audit from ICE. To avoid these costly audits and fines, it is imperative that HR staff and business owners review the latest requirements and their own internal processes to ensure the forms are submitted correctly.
"The best way to minimize liability is to conduct periodic internal audits and, when necessary, to follow U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services' (USCIS) specific procedures for correcting errors or omissions," Valtin says. "Audits should be conducted by someone who is knowledgeable about immigration, I-9 requirements, and USCIS rules to ensure that your immigration compliance program meets the objectives set forth in the U.S. Federal Sentencing Guidelines. Significant reductions in corporate liability are available when isolated misconduct occurs but a generally effective compliance program is in place."
To gently nudge those businesses that feel that an internal audit isn't worth the resources, Valtin gave us a few examples of companies who received fines for non-compliance with I-9 regulations:
After failing to submit I-9s at the time of hire, Buffalo Transportation company was hit with $109,000 in fines.
Hartmann Studios failed to sign most of its I-9 forms at the time of completion and faced fines of more than $600,000 as a result.
For practices deemed discriminatory by the Department of Justice, Panda Express received $400,000 in I-9-related fines.
Tips to Avoid Penalties Resulting From I-9 Errors
Valtin offers the following tips to help business owners and HR managers avoid costly fines:
Section 1 of Form I-9 must be completed by each employee at the time of hire, defined as the period of time after the job offer has been accepted and before the end of the employee's first day of active employment. Section 2 must be completed within three business days of the date of hire.
The instruction document and List of Acceptable Documents (page 3 of the Form I-9) should be made available to employees at the time they complete Section 1 of the form.
Employees must present original, unexpired documents in person to the company representative completing Section 2 of the I-9.
I-9s should be stored in a secure location separate from personnel files.
Completed I-9s must be retained for as long as an individual is employed. I-9s for employees who have separated must be retained for three years after the date of hire (first day of work for pay) or one year after the date employment ends, whichever is later.
Ensure that electronic I-9 data is correctly input and fully compliant with the regulations.
W-9s should always be completed by independent contractors.
in Employment Law]


text:
Visit my nonprofit
🇻🇳 VN
I am Le Dong Hai Nguyen,
Nguyễn Lê Đông Hải | 阮黎东海
I am a penultimate year student at Georgetown University's School of Foreign Service, majoring in international economics with a full scholarship. With a passion for economics, I have founded and managed the Global Association of Economics Education (GAEE) to promote economics education and financial literacy for students in developing countries. I am also an op-ed columnist, TEDx speaker and the first person under 18 years old to be elected Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts.
Nguyen founded the Global Association of Economics Education when he was studying high school and has since expanded his nonprofit to more than 10 countries.
To achieve this remarkable result is an arduous journey for Dong Hai to overcome his comfort zone and go far on the road of conquering knowledged.
A teenager from Vietnam becomes one of the youngest foreigners to be awarded the prestigious Fellowship of the Royal Society for arts, manufactures and commerce.
The London Economic
Le Dong Hai Nguyen, a student activist from Vietnam, is disrupting the status-quo of economics education among pre-undergraduate students in developing countries.
A slice of life
My TEDx Talk on the internet's "prison of procrastination"
My interview with the Vietnam Television Corporation (VTC)
My amateur piano album on Spotify
Le Dong Hai Nguyen is a Vietnamese social activist and scholar whose campaigning for economic education reform has gained international recognition. He is the Founder and Executive Director of the Global Association of Economics Education (GAEE), a Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts, a two-time TEDx speaker, a student of international economics at Georgetown University's School of Foreign Service, and an op-ed columnist for publications such as the Asia Times, The Diplomat Magazine, USA Today, The Georgetown Gazette, Thrive Global, TOI and the International Journal of Management Research and Economics.
Copyright © 2022 Lê Đông Hải Nguyễn (DoHa Nguyen).


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Our Friend Bilal from The Two Hands Project is heading out for a month to film the hackerspaces of America to put together a documentary film. Bilal has been working hard to pull together a team and the funds for the project. The goal is to use Jet Blues $599.00 promotion to travel to all the different spaces. The promotion ends tonight at 10:00 P.M ET and he still needs to raise $300. Let's Help Bilal by retweeting this to everyone that we know. If you can help by donating, twittering, emailing etc… to spread the word and to help get donations he would greatly appreciate it. Every Dollar donated counts and time is running out!
We will be documenting the projects they make, and recording the change inducing social movement that's spreading across the USA. Maker/Hackerspaces come in all sorts of packages and flavors, each with it's own quirks. Let's figure out how they tick, what goes on in them, why they are important for the philosophical and economical reasons. And perhaps through this movie inspire people to start their own space, or at least build something awesome.
You can follow Bilal and The Two Hands Project for further updates and information.
600+ will put you into the magical realm of being a producer logo at the start of the movie along with the above, and a special hug/backscratch from me.
model that blends education, economic renewal,innovation, and entrepreneurship.
will be here to present and discuss TechShop and how it may be of value to Detroit.
We will make sure to provide further updates of the outcome of the event.
We would like to Thank Dug Song for making sure we were able to be involved.
What is Java and Flex?
Building highly interactive software that users love to use is usually a challenging endeavor. However, the open source Flex SDK and Java are a perfect combination of technologies for building very rich and highly interactive software for the Web and the desktop. The communication between the Java back-end and Flex front-end can utilize a number of different communication protocols, but the easiest and best performing is the open source BlazeDS library. This session covers the fundamentals of using Flex, Java, Spring, and BlazeDS to build rich and highly interactive software for the Web and the desktop.


Gap Inc. maintains that facilities that recruit or employ foreign contract workers (FCWs) shall ensure that these workers are treated fairly and on an equal basis with its local workers. Migrant workers shall not be subject to any form of forced, compulsory, bonded or indentured labor. All work must be voluntary, and workers must be free to terminate their employment at any time, without penalty.
Migrant workers (or their family members) shall not be threatened with denunciation to authorities to coerce them into taking up employment or preventing them from voluntarily terminating their employment, at any time, without penalty.
Within our COVC, we have incorporated an extensive list of procedures and standards in relation to the treatment and employment of foreign contract workers. Our COVC states that facilities shall not discriminate, intimidate, control passports or misuse contracts or recruiting fees and paperwork as they relate to migrant and foreign workers. We also amended our requirements on employment of foreign contract workers to ensure due diligence of recruitment agencies before contracts are made with them, and we regularly assess their existing recruitment agencies on their legal and ethical recruitment practices. Our Supplier Sustainability team tracks these procedures to ensure that these workers are treated fairly and on an equal basis with local workers.
The agency is licensed by the home country government, and, where applicable, the host country government.
A written contract exists between the facility and the recruitment agency that clearly defines all hiring practices.
The recruitment agency discloses all the information regarding the use of any subcontractors, sub-agents or any individual for recruiting workers for the facility.
The facility (including its employees and representatives) does not accepts any reimbursements, kickbacks or other amounts from the recruitment agency or other person involved in the recruiting process.
The FCW policy also prohibits recruitment agencies from charging FCWs any illegal fees and/or fees payable to the host government, such as levy, legal work document fees, and fees for renewing work documents.
In cases where it has been found that recruitment fees have been paid by workers, we require and verify that the affected workers are reimbursed.
Conduct training sessions for our suppliers to provide them with a comprehensive understanding of the issue, our requirements, and how they are expected to manage the employment status of any employees that are FCWs.
Our teams conduct outreach to workers employed as FCWs to get a better understanding of the cost incurred by them to attain employment. This provides our Supplier Sustainability team with an estimate of what amount we require the employer to reimburse.
Of all facilities active as of the end of fiscal year 2017, only a few employed foreign contract workers, including in Jordan, where we partnered with Better Work and the World Bank to help provide employment opportunities in the garment sector to Syrian refugees.
In Jordan, where ILO Better Work conducts assessments of our suppliers' factories, we have aligned this requirement - during their assessments they assess compliance against their standard and will cite any violations in their report. Better Work has also worked with the Government of Jordan and other brands to develop a standardized Unified Worker Contract, which has detailed terms of employment information in the local language of the worker. This contract is provided to the worker before he or she leaves his home country for employment.
In cases where a local contractor or hiring agent may be involved in the hiring of domestic migrant workers, the cost is borne by the employer and not the worker.


text:
Home Latest News Whakatane's Master Builders help provide a little hope for their community
Whakatane's Master Builders help provide a little hope for their community
According to local farmer and ex Whakatane mayor Colin Hammond, the chaps from the local Registered Master Builders Association are a bunch of legends.
Mr Hammond is chairman of Project Hope, a fundraising committee that has spent the better part of the past three years working towards building a dedicated oncology clinic at Whakatane Hospital.
A lot of the Whakatane-based registered master builder members pitched in to help build the new ward. Between them, they were able to help save the project several hundred thousand dollars.
Project Hope came about because Mr Hammond, in his capacity as mayor, had heard that the Bay Health Foundation was looking to build an oncology clinic in the eastern part of the Bay of Plenty in order to save local people and their families having to travel all the way to Hamilton on a daily or weekly basis for their cancer treatments.
"My first wife died from cancer in 1984, and I well remember the huge effort it took for both of us to travel up to Hamilton for her treatment," Mr Hammond says.
"So when I heard about the idea of building a local oncology clinic, I jumped at the chance. I got talking to other influential people in and around the area and we decided to raise the money to build a clinic here in Whakatane."
Raising more than a million dollars isn't a small feat, and the Project Hope committee set themselves the target of raising $1.1 million in just two years.
Whakatane Hospital made available a disused children's ward at the hospital that hadn't seen action in more than a decade. They worked out they needed this amount to rebuild the ward to make it ready for the oncology clinic.
Thanks to the hard work of the committee, Eastern Bay Energy Trust (who contributed $250,000), the local media and others in the region, Project Hope achieved this target within the two years.
"Support from the community has been astounding," Mr Hammond says. "Everyone got behind us."
Once the money had been raised, it was time to get on with building the clinic itself. Which is where registered master builder John Pullar came in. The Project Hope team had approached.
John for his opinions on the best way to project manage the building of the clinic, to which Mr Pullar replied by offering his services in this capacity — for free.
"Helping out with the project management was something I felt I could really help them out with, and I wanted to contribute to this important cause in a real way," he says.
But he didn't simply leave his generosity at that. He thought about how he could help the project save money, and decided to approach other local registered master builders to see if they could all pitch in a bit and spread the generosity load around.
"I decided to round up the other builders, plus a range of our usual suppliers to see if everyone could help out a little. The idea was to spread the load around so that no one person was put out too much, but that it would all add up to a substantial amount of support for the project."
And helping out is exactly what everyone did. Local suppliers, including Winstone Wallboards, PlaceMakers, Mitre 10, ITM and Bunnings all pitched in with reduced rates or free building supplies.
Local registered master builders offered their time at reduced rates, including Gary Fowell, John Fretwell, HBL, Clive McIndoe, Peter Craig Builders, Shane Wilson, Allan Walker, Gardiner Billings and Mr Pullar's own company, Pullar Builders.
He also approached the many subcontractors required to see if they could help out in small ways as well, shaving even more off the costs of the building.
"We weren't asking anyone to do it for free, and many thought that my way of getting everyone involved made it more complicated than it needed to be.
"But doing it this way meant that lots of people could contribute without having to get in too deep," Mr Pullar says.
Thanks to the tireless efforts of these hard working registered master builders and their subcontractors, the building work was completed on time and slightly under budget.
The clinic opened for treatment in early December last year, with the official opening taking place in February this year.
Mr Hammond explains that he's been so impressed with the efforts of the builders that he'd never approach another building job without first using a registered master builder for the job.
"These guys literally saved us hundreds of thousands of dollars. They worked hard, and the atmosphere on the building site was excellent. And, of course, the building work was done to a very high standard."
High praise, indeed. But Mr Hammond saves his strongest endorsements for John Pullar.
"I just can't say enough about John. He and his wife Mary put in so much time and effort into Project Hope that we named our main treatment room after them.
"This whole project has been an exercise in what can happen when local communities come together to do something good — and John is the epitome of that community spirit."
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Sharing City Seoul
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[News] The Benefits of Shared Economic Platform
The business model of the shared economy is the structure of brokering the transactions of idle resources between individuals based on online platforms, and seeking profits in the form of brokerage fees or platform fees based on the performance of transactions. An important element of this model is the online platform, trust, and bottom-income model. Among them, the online platform is the online basis for the development of digital activities designed to allow three elements of sharing of goods, digital technology and profit-seeking to coexist simultaneously.
A typical form of customer-to-consumer (C2C) transactions, rather than transactions between operators and consumers, is the shared economy. In other words, the existing offline flea market used to sell idle resources, such as used products, came online, and transactions were made between individuals through the website or bulletin board. The concept of idle resources was extended to vehicle sharing system, residential and other personal services, and money, and expanded to the shared economy concept. The reason why the shared economy has evolved into a new business model is because many systems have been digitized as digital systems have spread throughout the economic sector. This changed the way that many people used to use the services provided by economic institutions and businesses to connect to consumers. Even if they are not professional taxi drivers or lodging businesses, the gap between professional and non-professionalism is breaking down.
In addition, the expansion of the shared economy market is accelerating further with the development of information and communication technology. With the development of the Internet, mobile and social network services (SNS), the new consumption pattern of pursuing "value in use" through rational consumption spread across the border into a new economic concept of a shared economy. The rapid development of social network technology has created a realistic chapter in which individuals can trade directly without intermediaries, and the intangible value of trust and reputation can become an important asset for individuals. It would have been very difficult to lend these idle resources to family members or close relatives even before the online platform appeared, but it would have been very difficult to lend them to strangers. It is difficult to trust whether the car will be returned intact after renting the house (Airbnb), whether the car will be returned intact (Relay Rises), and whether the lawn mower that was lent will be returned (Navergoods). The effort to individually verify credit and reliability to address these anxieties is a case in point of high transaction costs, which act as an impediment to exchanges.
Platform operators created a new market by significantly lowering transaction costs by introducing a reputation system that provides debt default insurance and encourages online behavior in order to reduce the number The online platform allows suppliers and consumers to come together to exchange information, goods or services and currency with each other. The platform creates the infrastructure that people who want to participate in a shared economic system can meet and provides them with tools and rules, enabling them to exchange values easily and in a mutually beneficial way. Because of these features, in less than a decade, the shared economic platform has become competitive and redefined the boundaries of industries in various industries.
Uber and Airbnb, the two leading shared economic platforms, are well-known as global giants in the oil business sector, with sales forecast to reach 335 billion won by 2025. According to a recent survey of adult populations in six major countries, 42.5 percent of the adult population used shared services over the past three years, and 30 percent of the adult population participated in shared economies as suppliers. About 40 percent of the adult population is willing to participate in the shared economy in the future, and the size of the shared economy is expected to increase gradually in the future. The revitalization of a shared economy based on an online platform increases the efficiency of society as a whole by increasing the value of idle resources and the relocation of resources, while consumers increase welfare in price, quality and diversity, which can affect the entire industry, not limited to the users of the shared economy.
In a newly established shared economy centered on an online platform, the presence of the platform will reduce the exploration and information costs for consumers to collect and find suppliers of goods or services they need, which will be expanded by active and active platform participation by platform users. The increase in the utilization (circulation rate) of objects such as vehicles, which are intangible assets, will reduce the cost of individual consumption, while the provision of services close to each user's consumption characteristics, such as temporary use, rather than purchases, will reduce the average total expenditure of users. In addition, the emergence of a shared economy will lead to price competition with suppliers providing sales or similar services, leading to overall market price declines. With the advent of a shared economy, consumers will be able to choose a shared service as an alternative to their purchases depending on their economic conditions or tastes, expanding the range of choices for consumers. Although the consumer must retain the item even though it is underutilized once it is purchased, the use of the shared platform will be limited to the required period of time, thereby reducing the sunk costs.
In a shared economy, suppliers generate a certain income by sharing their idle resources, transportation means and accommodations with other consumers, and especially when the shared economy platform itself is a model that shares labor, the provision of its own labor through the platform generates revenue. Idle resources will be utilized efficiently and individuals will be able to provide various services. The spread of this shared economy has the effect of increasing the total disposable income of each group of consumers, rather than the consumption of goods by ownership, at a time when consumption is reduced compared to production due to a long-term economic recession and deepening polarization. A shared economy plays a role in enhancing the productivity of the overall social economy by bringing about efficient utilization of idle resources, preventing inefficiency of resources as a whole, and increasing the market through meeting individual demand in niche markets. And the efficient use of resources creates a new lifestyle that can replace overconsumption and disposable culture.
The Sharehub operates by Seoul Metropolitan Government. Except where otherwise noted, content on this site is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Korea license.


text:
Loir en Vallée est, depuis le , une commune nouvelle française située dans le département de la Sarthe en région Pays de la Loire, peuplée de .

La commune fait partie de la province historique du Maine, et se situe dans le Haut-Maine.

Géographie

Urbanisme

Typologie
Loir en Vallée est une commune rurale, car elle fait partie des communes peu ou très peu denses, au sens de la grille communale de densité de l'Insee.
La commune est en outre hors attraction des villes.

Toponymie

Histoire

La commune nouvelle regroupe les communes de Lavenay, La Chapelle-Gaugain, Poncé-sur-le-Loir et Ruillé-sur-Loir qui deviennent des communes déléguées. Son chef-lieu se situe à Ruillé-sur-Loir.

Politique et administration

Liste des maires

Population et société

Démographie

Économie

Culture locale et patrimoine

 Église Saint-Pierre-et-Saint-Paul de Ruillé-sur-Loir.
 Église Saint-Julien de Poncé-sur-le-Loir.
 Les Moulins de Paillard à Poncé-sur-le-Loir.
 Église Saint-Julien de Lavenay.
 Château de Poncé.
 Château de La Flotte à Lavenay.

Personnalités
 Le 17 septembre 2022, la commune nomme Solange Alexandre (1922-), citoyenne d'honneur et rebaptise la place de la mairie « Solange Dubuisson Alexandre ».

Voir aussi

Bibliographie

Articles connexes
 Liste des communes de la Sarthe
 Liste des communes nouvelles créées en 2017

Liens externes

 Site municipal

Notes et références

Notes

Références

Commune dans la Sarthe
Commune nouvelle dans la Sarthe

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Q: Fetch request in class component is not returning data or updating state I have refactored a component to add a fetch request to an AWS database, the data is accessible and a quick mock on codesandbox works. However when used in this context it errors as...

TypeError: Cannot read property 'forEach' of undefined
  Unhandled Rejection (TypeError): this.setState is not a function

and in the console...
{error: null, isLoaded: true, users: Array(0), undefined}

code below...
  constructor() {
    this.mapUserCountries = {};
    this.state = {
      error: null,
      isLoaded: true,
      users: []
    };
  }

  init() {
    this.getUsers = () => {
      fetch(
        "DATABASE"
      )
        .then(res => res.json())
        .then(
          result => {
            this.setState({
              isLoaded: true,
              users: result.users
            });
            console.log(result, this.state);
          },
          error => {
            this.setState({
              isLoaded: true,
              error
            });
          }
        );
    };

    const mappedUsers = this.getUsers();

    console.log(this.state, mappedUsers);

    mappedUsers.forEach(user => {
      const c = user.country;

      if (!this.mapUserCountries[c])
        this.mapUserCountries[c] = { nbUsers: 0, users: [] };
      this.mapUserCountries[c].nbUsers++;
      this.mapUserCountries[c].users.push(user);
    });
  }

  getUsersPerCountry(country) {
    return this.mapUserCountries[country];
  }
}

export default new UsersManager();

A: async init() {
  ...
  const mappedUsers = await this.getUsers();
  ...

You're in async land now.

A: There is no defined setState function on the UsersManager class, you will need to create that function

A: First, you need to return promise in order to await it
this.getUsers = () => {
      return fetch(
        "DATABASE"
      )
        .then(res => res.json())
        .then(
          result => {
            this.setState({
              isLoaded: true,
              users: result.users
            });
            console.log(result, this.state);
          },
          error => {
            this.setState({
              isLoaded: true,
              error
            });
          }
        );
    };

or use implicit return () => fetch(...)
then,
async init() {
  ...
  const mappedUsers = await this.getUsers();
}
// or
init() {
  ...
  this.getUsers().then((mappedUsers) => { ... });
}


Blackjack is a popular casino game where players compete against the dealer. The object of the game is to obtain a higher total card count than the Dealer, without going over 21.
Poker is a popular strategy game that is played in most casinos. Since you are betting against the other players in the hand and not the casino, you pay a fee out of each pot called the rake. There are may variations of poker games available. The most popular is Texas Hold'em.
A long-time tradition in European casinos, Roulette is fun and easy to play. The player simply places their bet with casino chips or special roulette chips. After the bets have been placed on the layout, the dealer spins the ball; if it lands where the player has placed their chip(s), they win!
Try your luck on reel or video reel and video poker machines. You can also take a spin on our million dollar Smoke Signals or play green on the Rider Nation progressive! Many slot machines also feature a help button that can be accessed at any time.


Devbridge Group, recently announced its plans to move its Toronto office to 36 Toronto Street this month. The new office is a welcome move for Devbridge Group's Canadian team, which has quadrupled in size within the last year, and continues to grow.
Since its opening, the Toronto office has helped grow Devbridge Group's North American client base by 40 percent across its three verticals—financial services, manufacturing and technology. "Our Toronto team has done a great job of serving our clients and we look forward to further expanding our relationships in the Canadian market in the years ahead," said Mohan Gulati, Managing Director of Devbridge Group's Toronto office.


text:
Online Games News EVE Online Eve Online: Empyrean Age announced 29 January 2020
Screenshots Gallery
Mission Types
NPC Damage Types
Security restrictions
Eve Online: Empyrean Age announced
CCP has announced the next free game expansion for their MMORPG EVE Online. The expansion will be named Empyrean Age, and it will finally introduce the long awaited Factional Warfare.
EMPYREAN AGE AND ALL THAT - AN OVERVIEW
So, we have this expansion coming out this summer called Empyrean Age. It's going to be pretty neat, and it's going to include this thing called Factional Warfare, which is a feature we've been talking about for a fair while now and is generally regarded as something of a big deal. Over the course of the next week or so I'm going to thrash out the fundamentals of the entire design in a series of blogs, starting with this one.
What is Factional Warfare?
This, in a way, is the biggest question of the lot, so we'll start here!
There are a lot of things that Factional Warfare could be. What it is, right now, is in its most basic form a gameplay bridge from high sec to null sec – from the safety of Empire to the wild lands of Alliance space. High sec and null sec have very differing communities of players with very divergent play styles, and while moving from one to the other is obviously possible, it's harder than it should be.
Factional Warfare provides a halfway house for players from Empire to get into the sandbox at the shallow end. It serves other functions too, for other types of player, but this is its primary function.
The core gameplay element of Factional Warfare is small-scale PvP combat. We believe that rounding up your posse, rolling out into contested space and having a healthy exchange of opinions and weapons fire with your sworn enemies is fun. Factional Warfare is designed to make this kind of experience accessible, with low entry requirements and a target-rich environment.
There will be two core drivers for this sort of combat. For those looking for direction, missions will be available, sending you on surgical strikes deep into enemy territory, battling through or sneaking past enemy players to reach the objective. For those who prefer to set their own goals, combat sites will be distributed throughout the warzones. Each site will be contestable by all sides involved in the conflict, with the winning side scoring both immediate rewards and points for their faction.
And what do points mean? Systems! As your faction racks up points in hostile systems, control will slowly swing into your favor, until eventually you're given the opportunity to occupy the system outright. Of course, the enemy's trying to do the same to your systems, so a good defense as well as well as a strong offense will be needed if you want your adopted faction to prevail and dominate!
Pfah! Is that not enough? But no, that's not everything. Ranks, intel screens, a lot of NPC tags and so on are all part of the design. But that's all for future blogs, so watch this space…
Oh, and Black Rise
One last little thing, when we were sketching out the combat areas for all this stuff, we kept running into one brick wall in particular: Caldari low sec space, well, kind of sucks.
Specifically, there isn't much of it, and what there is, is mostly in the wrong place (i.e. well away from the Gallente border). This is, for a system which needs decent expanses of lowsec space between the Empires, a problem. So we looked at the map and decided that there was room for a bit more.
It seemed like a picture would do most of the explaining for me, so there we go. It's Caldari-owned and mostly low sec, some new stations, some new agents, asteroid belts, some ice fields, all the gubbins. The Cloud Ring system just off-screen is W-4NUU, the other connections you should be able to figure out yourselves. For more details, keep an eye out for news on Singularity updates, as you should be able to explore it all yourselves in the near future.
This is incidentally, as some of you will realize, the first actual region we've added since the original universe was generated, which made it an, uh, interesting project. Most of the actual work was done by Prism X, who took the pile of spreadsheets we generated, did a whole load of wizardry which I don't claim to begin to understand, and gave us some new space to play in. Please direct all praise regarding this rather fine achievement in his general direction.
Has anyone seen my barber?
It's traditional now that we get a quote in somewhere for blogs about Factional Warfare, so I'll leave you with this little gem from Russell.
"War does not determine who is right, only who is left."
-- CCP Grayscale
Tag it:
EVE Online copyright information
City of Heroes/Villains
Best MMORPG setting
Hyboria
Sosaria
The Caribbeans
(C) 2020 OGRank - Online Games News


The Perrin sequence is the sequence of integers defined by the recurrence relation P(n) = P(n - 2) + P(n - 3), with the initial conditions P(0) = 3, P(1) = 0, P(2) = 2. Although the sequence is named after R. Perrin who studied it in 1899, it had been explored earlier, in 1876, by Édouard Lucas.
As in the case of the similar Padovan sequence, the ratio of consecutive Perrin numbers tends toward the plastic number. More importantly, it has been shown that n divides P(n) exactly if n is a prime number. For example, 19 is prime, P(19) = 209 and 209/19 = 11. The first few Perrin primes (Perrin numbers that are prime) are: 2, 3, 5, 7, 17, 29, 277, 367, 853.
Lucas conjectured that only when the divisor is prime is the result a prime, which would mean that the Perrin sequence could be used as a test for non-primality, i.e., any number n that did not divide P(n) would be composite. However this conjecture is now known to be false. There are indeed composite numbers, known as Perrin pseudoprimes, which will divide the corresponding Perrin numbers to give whole numbers. The first and smallest Perrin pseudoprime, 271441, was found by William Adams and Daniel Shanks in 1982, and it was subsequently proved that there are an infinite number of them.


text:
include_recipe "libreadline"
include_recipe "libssl"
include_recipe "libncurses"

package "curl" do
  action :install
end

installation_root = "/home/#{node.travis_build_environment.user}/otp"

directory(installation_root) do
  owner node.travis_build_environment.user
  group node.travis_build_environment.group
  mode  "0755"
  action :create
end

remote_file(node.kerl.path) do
  source "https://raw.github.com/spawngrid/kerl/master/kerl"
  mode "0755"
end

home = "/home/#{node.travis_build_environment.user}"
env  = {
  'HOME'               => home,
  'USER'               => node.travis_build_environment.user,
  'KERL_DISABLE_AGNER' => 'yes',
  "KERL_BASE_DIR"      => "#{home}/.kerl"
}

case [node[:platform], node[:platform_version]]
when ["ubuntu", "11.04"] then
    # fixes compilation with Ubuntu 11.04 zlib. MK.
  env["KERL_CONFIGURE_OPTIONS"] = "--enable-dynamic-ssl-lib --enable-hipe"
end

# updates list of available releases. Needed for kerl to recognize
# R15B, for example. MK.
execute "erlang.releases.update" do
  command "#{node.kerl.path} update releases"

  user    node.travis_build_environment.user
  group   node.travis_build_environment.group

  environment(env)

  # run when kerl script is downloaded & installed
  subscribes :run, resources(:remote_file => node.kerl.path)
end

cookbook_file "#{node.travis_build_environment.home}/.erlang.cookie" do
  owner node.travis_build_environment.user
  group node.travis_build_environment.group
  mode 0600

  source "erlang.cookie"
end

cookbook_file "#{node.travis_build_environment.home}/.build_plt" do
  owner node.travis_build_environment.user
  group node.travis_build_environment.group
  mode 0700

  source "build_plt"
end

node.kerl.releases.each do |rel, build|
  execute "build Erlang #{rel}" do
    command "#{node.kerl.path} build #{rel} #{rel}"

    user    node.travis_build_environment.user
    group   node.travis_build_environment.group

    environment(env)

    # make sure R14B02 won't cause R14B to be skipped. MK.
    not_if "#{node.kerl.path} list builds | grep \"#{rel}$\"", :user => node.travis_build_environment.user, :environment => env
  end

  execute "install Erlang #{rel}" do
    # cleanup is available starting with https://github.com/spawngrid/kerl/pull/28
    command "#{node.kerl.path} install #{rel} #{installation_root}/#{rel} && #{node.kerl.path} cleanup #{rel} && rm -rf #{node.travis_build_environment.home}/.kerl/archives/*" # && ~/.build_plt #{installation_root}/#{rel} #{installation_root}/#{rel}/lib"

    user    node.travis_build_environment.user
    group   node.travis_build_environment.group

    environment(env)

    not_if "#{node.kerl.path} list installations | grep #{rel}", :user => node.travis_build_environment.user, :environment => env
  end
end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: Can no longer use any flavors of Ubuntu as screen randomly flashes black So since Ubuntu 16.10 was released (and its X server was backported to 16.04.2) I can no longer use any version of Ubuntu. Whether it's Ubuntu, Ubuntu Gnome or Kubuntu, none of them are usable as the screen randomly flashes black, mainly while typing. This problem does not occur on Linux Mint (even the 18.2) or on Antergos. But I'd prefer using Ubuntu.
Now when 16.04.2 came out, I solved the issue by doing these steps:
First I'd remove the new X stack
sudo apt remove xserver-xorg-core-hwe-16.04 xserver-xorg-input-all-hwe-16.04 linux-generic-hwe-16.04 xserver-xorg-video-all-hwe-16.04

Then I'd reinstall the old one
sudo apt install xserver-xorg-core

sudo apt install ubuntu-desktop xserver-xorg xserver-xorg-video-all xserver-xorg-input-all libgl1-mesa-dri libgl1-mesa-glx

Unfortunately from 16.10 onwards those commands no longer work. So I can no longer use them.
How can fix this?
I'm currently using Windows because of this issue and I have absolutely no issue with it.
My computer is a laptop, the EliteBook 8440p. The processor is an Intel Core i5 M520 2.4 GHz, I have 4 GB of RAM and the graphic card is just listed as Intel(R) HD Graphics Ironlake Intel Auburndale/Arrandale Processor - Integrated Graphics Controller [Hewlett-Packard] with 1.68GB on RAM.
Thanks!


Supershazzer is a personal blog written and edited by the author, Sharon Atkins, unless otherwise stated. All photography unless stated is property of Sharon Atkins and Supershazzer. Should I have inadvertently used an image which is copyrighted, please e-mail me (I will gladly remove it).
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Review Copy or Free Sample: We received one or more of the products, services or complimentary tickets, mentioned above for free in the hope that it would be mentioned on Supershazzer. Regardless, I only recommend products or services which have been tested and reviewed personally and which we believe will be relevant to our readers.
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Hi and welcome. I am Sharon and this is Super Shazzer. I am a Wellness and Weight Loss Coach and a Wellness Blogger. We share information on all things wellness, health, fitness, weight management, personal development and review cool places, products and books. We hope to inspire, uplift and inform. Stay a while and enjoy.
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text:
Home Industry Updates Press Releases WellsCare to expand in Middle Eastern market with IASO launch
WellsCare to expand in Middle Eastern market with IASO launch
WellsCare, a member company of the Born2Global Centre, will be expanding its presence in the Middle East starting in July. WellsCare has been an active member company of the Born2Global Centre since 2019.
WellsCare recently signed a business partnership contract with Sharaf DG, the largest electronics distributor in the Middle East, and will be launching IASO in August at the Sharaf DG Times Square Centre flagship store.
IASO is the global brand of Epione, a wearable laser pain treatment device that was developed by WellsCare. IASO is a homecare medical device that enables the treatment of diverse painful conditions, such as visual display terminals syndrome (caused by excessive PC/smart phone use) and everyday/sports-related pain (etc.) at home without having to visit a medical facility. The device's most prominent feature is its use of laser technology, which is commonly used for pain treatment by orthopedic departments and rehabilitative care hospitals, as opposed to low-frequency massage or LED technology.
Sharaf DG has stores throughout the Middle East as well as online sales channels. It is an affiliate of the Sharaf Group, which operates real estate, construction, finance, distribution, and tourism businesses in the Middle East and Africa.
IASO also officially announced that it would soon be opening a store on Amazon.ae, an English-Arabic language e-commerce platform that is owned by Amazon. The products that will be featured in the Amazon.ae store are already finished and at the warehouse, with the store's official opening scheduled for August. Negotiations are underway for IASO to be sold at Amazon EU as well as at Amazon Japan. If these negotiations are successful, IASO will soon be available in Amazons worldwide (including Amazon USA).
WellsCare CEO Lee Sung-won said, "Our initial foothold in the Middle Eastern market was made possible when Sharaf DG contacted us directly. Our debut on the Amazon.ae platform reflects an increased global demand for home healthcare devices, which can be attributed to the spread of COVID-19. Based on the increased shift toward an 'untact economy,' WellsCare will be using our previous success with online sales at Amazon USA as a springboard to progressively enter Amazon platforms in the Middle East, EU, and Japan to expand our global online sales network."
WellsCare recently gained Class III medical device certification from the Korean government for Epione, which will be released in the Korean market in the second half of 2020. Clinical tests for the device (conducted by Korea University Anam Hospital) are also scheduled for completion in the second half of the year.
About WellsCare
WellsCare was founded in 2016 by a team of highly proficient and experienced engineers who aimed to introduce innovation in the field of pain management. Headquartered in Seoul, South Korea, WellsCare aims to lead the smart health device market with its advanced technology and innovation.
About Born2Global Centre
Born2Global Centre is a full-cycle service platform for global expansion. Since inception in 2013, Born2Global has been setting the standard for successful startup ecosystem as the main Korean government agency under the Ministry of Science and ICT. Born2Global has expanded and transformed startups to be engaged, equipped and be connected with the global market.
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