text:
####Problem
Implement a **jigsaw puzzle**. Design the data structures and explain an algorithm to solve the puzzle. You can assume that you have a fitsWith method which, when passed two puzzle pieces, returns true if the two pieces belong together.
####SOLUTION
We will assume that we have a traditional, simple jigsaw puzzle. The puzzle is grid-like, with rows and columns. Each piece is located in a single row and column and has four edges. Each edge comes in one of three types: inner, outer, and flat. A corner piece, for
example, will have two flat edges and two other edges, which could be inner or outer.

![alt text][jigsaw_grid]

As we solve the jigsaw puzzle (manually or algorithmically), we'll need to store the position of each piece. We could think about the position as absolute or relative:
* Absolute Position: "This piece is located at position (12, 23)." Absolute position would belong to the Piece class itself and would include an orientation as well.
* Relative Position: "I don't know where this piece is actually located, but I know that it is next to this other piece." The relative position would belong to the Edge class.

For our solution, we will use only the relative position, by adjoining edges to neighboring edges.

A potential object-oriented design looks like the following:
```java
 class Edge {
 enum Type { inner, outer, flat }
 Piece parent;
 Type type;
 int index; // Index into Piece.edges
 Edge attached_to; // Relative position

 /* See Algorithm section. Returns true if the two pieces
 * should be attached to each other. */
 boolean fitswith(Edge edge) { ... };
 }
```

```java
 class Piece {
 Edge[ ] edges;
 boolean isCorner() { ... }
 }

```
```java
 class Puzzle {
 Piece[ ] pieces; /* Remaining pieces left to put away. */
 Piece[ ][ ] solution;

 /* See algorithm section. */
 Edge[ ] inners, outers, flats;
 Piece[ ] corners;

 /* See Algorithm section. */
 void sort() { ... }
 void solve() { ... }
 }
```

#####Algorithm to Solve the Puzzle

We will sketch this algorithm using a mix of pseudocode and real code.
Just as a kid might in solving a puzzle, we'll start with the easiest pieces first: the corners and edges. We can easily search through all the pieces to find just the edges. While we're at it though, it probably makes sense to group all the pieces by their edge types.
```java
 void sort() {
 for each Piece p in pieces { ;
 if (P has two flat edges) then add p to corners
 for each edge in p.edges {
 if edge is inner then add to inners
 if edge is outer then add to outers
 }
 }
}
```

We now have a quicker way to zero in on potential matches for any given edge. We then go through the puzzle, line by line, to match pieces.

The solve method, implemented below, operates by picking an arbitrary start with. It then finds an open edge on the corner and tries to match it to an open piece. When it finds a match, it does the following:
1. Attaches the edge.
2. Removes the edge from the list of open edges.
3. Finds the next open edge.

The next open edge is defined to be the one directly opposite the current edge, if it is available. If it is not available, then the next edge can be any other edge. This will cause the puzzle to be solved in a spiral-like fashion, from the outside to the inside.

The spiral comes from the fact that the algorithm always moves in a straight line, whenever possible. When we reach the end of the first edge, the algorithm moves to the only available edge on that corner piece—a 90-degree turn. It continues to take 90-degree turns at the end of each side until the entire outer edge of the puzzle is completed. When that last edge piece is in place, that piece only has one exposed edge remaining, which is again a 90-degree turn. The algorithm repeats itself for subsequent rings around the puzzle, until finally all the pieces are in place.

This algorithm is implemented below with Java-like pseudocode.
```java
 public void solve() {
 /* Pick any corner to start with */
 Edge currentEdge = getExposedEdge(corner[0]);

 /* Loop will iterate in a spiral like fashion until the puzzle
 * is full. */
 while (currentEdge != null) {
 /* Match with opposite edges. Inners with outers, etc. */
 Edge[ ] opposites = currentEdge.type == inner ?
 outers : inners;
 for each Edge fittingEdge in opposites {
 if (currentEdge.fitsWith(fittingEdge)) {
 attachEdges(currentEdge, fittingEdge); //attach edge
 removeFromlist(currentEdge);
 removeFromList(fittingEdge);

 /* get next edge */
 currentEdge = nextExposedEdge(fittingEdge);
 break; // Break out of inner loop. Continue in outer.
 }
 }
 }
 }
```
```java
 public void removeFromList(Edge edge) {
 (edge.type == flat) return;
 Edge[ ] array = currentEdge.type == inner ? inners : outers;
 array.remove(edge);
 }
```
```java
 /* Return the opposite edge if possible. Else, return any exposed
 * edge. */
 public Edge nextExposedEdge(Edge edge) {
 int next_index = (edge.index + 2) % 4; // Opposite edge
 Edge next_edge = edge.parent.edges[next_index];
 if isExposed(next_edge) {
 return next_edge;
 }
 return getExposedEdge(edge.parent);
 }
```
```java
public Edge attachEdges(Edge e1, Edge e2) {
 el.attached_to = e2;
 e2.attached_to = e1;
 }
```
```java
 public Edge isExposed(Edge e1) {
 return edge.type != flat && edge.attached_to == null;
 }
```
```java
 public Edge getExposedEdge(Piece p) {
 for each Edge edge in p.edges {
 if (isExposed(edge)) {
 return edge;
 }
 }
 return null;
 }
```

For simplicity, we're represented inners and outers as an Edge array. This is actually not a great choice, since we need to add and removed elements from it frequently. If we were writing a real code, we would probably want to implement these variables as linked lists.

Writing the full code for this problem in an interview would be far, far too much work. More likely, you would be asked to just sketch out the code.

[jigsaw_grid]: jigsaw_grid.jpg "JIGSAW Game Image"


The issue of foreign brides remains a contentious one and whether or not they are more likely to be abused by their partners remains largely unknown. However, women's rights campaigners have recently unveiled a legislative drive which would widen the definition of spousal abuse to include the aggression of ex-partners as well as those not cohabiting. Currently, argue women's rights advocates, the law does not adequately reflect — nor protect — the modern living patterns of many women.
Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) legislator Wu Yi-chen (吳宜臻), the woman who has ensured that updating the Domestic Violence Prevention Act (家庭暴力防治法) remains on the agenda at the Legislative Yuan, explains that domestic violence often goes unreported due to a local culture of keeping domestic affairs out of the public realm. She also argues that a widely-held misconception that "only abnormal, low-class and uneducated people are capable of beating up their wives" holds back the potential for a more honest and open discussion about widespread abuse that permeates every level of society.
Wu says that protecting the rights of women in abusive relationships calls for widespread — and deeper — government action. She urges a widening of measures to boost awareness of the issue, an increase in the mechanisms through which domestic violence can be reported and more support for victims including counseling and medical assistance. Wu remains convinced that ongoing pressure can assist in changing the culture.
"We can change the chain of factors that lead to an environment of domestic violence and prevent future cases from happening," she says.
The reality that domestic violence compromises the lives of tens of thousands of Taiwanese women every year would appear to contradict the many strides that women have made in wider society. Currently 37 percent of the country's women hold college degrees or higher — a figure in excess of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development countries' average. Additionally, women own a third of Taiwan's business enterprises, occupy key positions across a spectrum of professions and are active in the political arena.
However, for some commentators, including writer Shirley Chang (張林秀菊), Taiwan still operates as a male chauvinist culture.
Women's rights groups argue that limited expectations for women are very much part of the problem, but groups, including the Garden of Hope Foundation, says that men are also often shackled by convention.


Libsoccr is a library that does TCP connection checkpoint and restore.
Libsoccr resides in criu source code (soccr subdirectory) and consists of an API header and a static library.
Libsoccr is available since CRIU 2.10 "Brass Waxwing" release.
A structure that defines soccaddr for a socket. It's used by set/get calls described further.
Inside the libsoccr_sk_data structure there's a special field called flags that gives information about the meaning of some other fields. Though it's not bad just to pass this structure as-is between libsoccr calls, doing some optimization based on flags is OK.
Pauses the socket and returns a handler for further operations. Any data flow for this socket must be blocked by the caller before this call.
Resumes the socket and frees the handler. Data flow unlock may happen before this.
Only releases the handler and doesn't do anything with the socket itself. Use when saving the state and willing to kill the socket -- call close() on descriptor and this thing on the handler.
Sets a function that will be called when libsoccr will want to print something on the screen.
Fills in the data structure with the info get from paused socket. The data_size should be the size of the structure passed. The return code is the size of the structure really filled with data.
Returns a malloc()-ed array with the contents of the queue. The queue can be TCP_RECV_QUEUE or TCP_SEND_QUEUE. The amount of bytes in each is data.inq_len and data.outq_len respectively. The flags may have SOCCR_MEM_EXCL bit set (see below).
Restores data on a socket from the data structure. Should be called after the calls below, but before the "resume" one.
Puts back the contents of the respective queue. The flags may contain SOCCR_MEM_EXCL.
Sets address (self or peer) of the socket. The flags may contain SOCCR_MEM_EXCL.
Here are the flags accepted by various calls.
Tells that the memory buffer set or get by the call is to be managed (and should be freed) by the receiving side. In case of a get call the receiving side is the caller program, meaning it has to free() the buffer. In case of a set call the receiver is libsoccr, meaning libsoccr has to free() it.
This page was last edited on 26 January 2017, at 02:28.


From the very first steps we take in the world, to the ethical decisions that we have to make as late adolescents on our way to coming of age, our perception of what surrounds us is shaped by a great many different types of narratives, games and role-plays. They play an essential part in how we learn to see the world and how we become what we are.
The first stories are the fairy tales we hear from grandfather or grandmother, in the afternoon or when we go to sleep. Then, at a somewhat later age come the family and community histories our elders tell us, soon to be followed by the first books we read or films we watch as children – about adults. At that stage we already adapt the stories, from passive listeners we often become active, putting ourselves in the roles of the heroes the main characters of the narratives. Playing these games and others, we come more and more to live our own life stories, our own narratives: the way we think about how we are, the way we 'write our story' every day, by living day to day.
Through the works of seven artists from six countries, this exhibition endeavours to represent some of the main types of these narratives, and of some related forms of playing, along our progress from childhood to adulthood. A different set of clearly decisive influences, such as the media, politics, religion or school are not our concern here. Instead, the exhibition focuses on personal and community narratives and on playing, as it is our concern to (re)direct attention to the significance of these in our education – to the importance of what we hear and what and how we play. To the responsibility of those who tell children the stories. This is what makes this subject very topical today.
The show also hints at the variety of genres in video art, from computer animation to cartoon, documentary to fiction, photo projections to video installation.


A trade secret is a set of intellectual property rights held by the owner of undisclosed information of value. The information may include methods, processes, or data which is not disclosed to the public. Such information may include customer lists, optimum manufacturing conditions, or even an "invention." The trade secret owner must take reasonable steps to keep the information secret in order to keep the right.
With input and direction from the client, the law firm will help assess trade secrets, develop, and observe proper procedure.


text:
← "The huge structures of civilization are monuments to, and are equal in size to, the size of the freedom lost"
"You would deem this Divine to be blown-up versions of your infant caregivers — mothers and fathers become Mother and Father." →
"You cut off your roots into the divine, unshakeable peace to which you are entitled…. A big part of this effort you called 'family….'"
Posted on April 24, 2014 by sillymickel
Planetmates reveal the family fortress, conforming underlings, Commandments of society's elite, the "family jewels," more:
"…Humans would rather have the "Joneses" be impressed with the amount and quality of their possessions … than to actually be happy.
"Look again at that work you created in the care and feeding of kept planetmates—husbandry: The work has to be done, they need to be fed, or you lose your investment. If you were sick, tired, or simply disinclined, it did not matter and you had to forego an ease and pleasure in your body as you bullied it into submission, just as you do the Earth. You needed to make your body move and work, regardless of how you felt or how you suffered or how much ill health would be incumbent upon such stresses and strains and unhappiness in your physical selves.
"Similarly, at certain times of the year, such as harvest, you worked under extreme pressure. The demands of completing the harvest and storing what was wrought before weather might come in and, again, neutralize all the results of one's efforts made for very long days of back-breaking work. In these ways, in addition to all the others we have mentioned, you split off from Nature, for your body is Nature, and you operated it in spite of and often in opposition to its cries and screams, its promptings and messages to you. Is it any wonder then that you lost your ability to feel the fainter urges of the "instinct" within your body?
"At any rate, it is supremely ironic how your insistence on taking over the reins of your sustenance through horticulture and farming, which was pushed by your desire to not be dependent on Nature and to be free, made you shackled to work loads and time constraints, and found you burdened under a multitude of demands and responsibilities and pressures. Good job getting that freedom you wanted!
"All in all, then, while the phenomenal dependency of your offspring was an added burden in your lives, in general, that effort, under certain kinds of conditions, these sedentary-accumulating ones, children could be seen as additional assistance in your tussle with your imagined threats and brought in to share with you all that additional suffering you created in Nature through trying to control everything..
"This was especially true if that dependent state, especially in infancy but in childhood as well, was used to mold these children into the ideal conforming underlings for you.
"And so you did to your children what you had done to the Earth and to your own bodies: You brutalized them into submission.
"Those who were Large Accumulators could "bribe" additional efforts from others to aid them in their dramas, of course, but even those with lesser means — virtually all of you — had the ability to gain obedient subordinates through procreation. Large families were thus selected for. The larger the family, the better, as long as each subsequent child could within a sufficiently short period come to add more resources to the collective family struggle than would be removed from the total by the (minimal) survival of that child.
"Thus, large accumulation was increasingly linked with large families. A brood of offspring could act like a small gang, or crew of employees in the gathering, processing, and accumulating of extra, hoarded resources, but they could also serve as a small army and aid in the defense and protection of such hoarded wealth against other accumulators with green eyes and needy, famished hearts. Raising humans to assist with accumulation began to be seen as a survival advantage, but also, children, after the agrarian revolution, were increasingly seen as another category of conforming underlings — the least costly and most manipulatable ones of all — who would be even greater allies in the fight against the ever expanding threats to your survival.
"This was so much your view of the way of things that your Ten Commandments — a rather good abstract of your fearful imaginings and your feverish, heavy-handed control — contains not only such reinforcement for the strong men of the society as "have no god before Him," not only such protections for your authoritarian families as "honoring father and mother" and codification of the elements of resource management to benefit the ones who already have as "shalt not steal" and "shalt not bear false witness," but even includes two entire commandments to cover jealousy. It is called "coveting" and has to do not only with protecting the hoarded wealth — "shalt not covet neighbor's goods" — but defending the engines of that production as well — "shalt not covet neighbor's wife." So, it is understandable how all threats to the fantastical survival competition are fought in all such manners: Monogamy would be elevated to a divine status — "shalt not commit adultery" — as part of the accumulation ordeal.
"Further, it is no coincidence that your male reproductive capacity is referred to as "family jewels." While humorous, it is starkly accurate in the way you humans think on a level of your unconscious mind inaccessible to you — again, that Unapproved and Hidden: A human's reproductive capacity began to be seen as an avenue of potential wealth, insurance against want or insufficiency, and even a ticket to possible Controller status and inclusion in society's elite.
"For children began increasingly to be thought of as mere extensions of you, of your Ego. And the family unit that came of such expansion of fear and self-congratulation (Ego) was no longer harmonious with Nature; it had ceased being, even, interconnected with the tribe. It was not about individuals in relation to community. No. This nuclear family represented another advance in mistrust and fear, a further retreat into an ever diminishing circle, a fortress. With the creation of the family citadel, it was you against the world.
"Altogether, with conforming underlings bought, bribed, or paid for to be allies in your war over resources, with children conceived and raised to be obedient soldiers in its battles, and with tenets and social codes enforced with extreme severity so as to wrangle extreme conformity to social ways benefiting the Large Accumulators and the petty tyrants heading families, you had created a full on assault against your imaginary fears of death, your strange abhorrence of more adventurous, uncontrolled life, which you felt as uncertainty and pain — which we see as guides in our living, but which you perceive as reminders of that death you fear so intensely.
"All in all, this added up to a wrong-gettedness in relation to life. Whereas we are ever reminded of our divine surround through the challenges, obstacles, and discomfort of life and are directed in this way in an ever-expanding, numinous path of divine return, you erected walls of fear-rooted control around your fleeting havens of ease, and you cut off your roots into the divine, unshakeable peace to which you are entitled. Raising up walls of possessions, captive planetmates, and conforming underlings — including women and children — and retreating from the more magnificent and magical expanses of self, you sought to make a stand against real life. A big part of this effort you called "family," and you erected a shrine to it equal to your exaggerated terror of the uncontrolled…."
[Pt 6 of 25rd prasad — Family Fortress.
— excerpted from *Planetmates: The Great Reveal* by Michael Adzema … now available in print and e-book formats at Amazon
ABOUT THE AUTHOR, Michael Adzema. Video below … interviewed by Michael Harrell
https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/2mm9OBbYjRE
— Related: See also other published versions of these ideas….
*Dance of the Seven Veils I* (2017).
At Amazon at
https://www.amazon.com/Dance-Seven-Veils-Psychology-Mythology/dp/154243632X/ref=tmm_pap_swatch_0?_encoding=UTF8&qid=&sr=
*Prodigal Human: The Descents of Man* (2016).
https://www.amazon.com/Prodigal-Human-Descents-Return-Grace/dp/1530838134/ref=tmm_pap_swatch_0?_encoding=UTF8&qid=1485034667&sr=1-1
*The Secret Life of Stones: Matter, Divinity, and the Path of Ecstasy* (2016).
At Amazon —https://t.co/WMyo609jCi
*Wounded Deer and Centaurs: The Necessary Hero and the Prenatal Matrix of Human Events* (2016).
https://www.amazon.com/Wounded-Deer-Centaurs-Necessary-Prenatal/dp/1499653999?ie=UTF8&ref_=asap_bc
*Funny God: The Tao of Funny God and the Mind's True Liberation* (2015).
https://www.amazon.com/Funny-God-Minds-Liberation-Return/dp/1499504845/ref=sr_1_7_twi_pap_2?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1485034771&sr=1-7
*Falls from Grace: The Devolution and Revolution of Consciousness* (2014).
At Amazon — http://amzn.to/2anYVzi
*Planetmates: The Great Reveal*(2014).
https://www.amazon.com/Planetmates-Great-Reveal-Return-Grace-ebook/dp/B00JZ418DA?ie=UTF8&ref_=asap_bc#nav-subnav
Experience Is Divinity: Matter As Metaphor (2013).
At Amazon — http://amzn.to/2aeeZUA
*Apocalypse NO: Apocalypse or Earth Rebirth and the Emerging Perinatal Unconscious* (2013).
https://www.amazon.com/Apocalypse-NO-Return-Grace-Book-ebook/dp/B00FG09NNE/ref=tmm_kin_swatch_0?_encoding=UTF8&qid=&sr
*Apocalypse Emergency: Love's Wake-Up Call* (2013).
https://www.amazon.com/Apocalypse-Emergency-Loves-Wake-Up-Return/dp/1492810355/ref=tmm_pap_swatch_0?_encoding=UTF8&qid=&sr=
*Culture War, Class War: Occupy Generations and the Rise and Fall of "Obvious Truths"* (2013).
https://www.amazon.com/Culture-War-Class-Generations-Obvious/dp/1492864021/ref=asap_bc?ie=UTF8
See Michael Adzema at Amazon for any other of the twelve books currently in print.
At https://www.amazon.com/Michael-Adzema/e/B00J7F0URC/ref=dp_byline_cont_book_1
Invite you to join me on Twitter: http://twitter.com/sillymickel
friend me on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/sillymickel
This entry was posted in Anthropology, Environment, Health and wellness, History, Philosophy, Politics, Psychology, Spirituality and tagged accumulating, adultery, body, burden, challenges, childhood, children, citadel, Commandments, conforming underling, control, Controller, covet, death, Divine, earth, Ego, elite, family, family jewels, farming, fortress, freedom, happiness, instinct, Large Accumulators, monogamy, nature, nuclear family, obedience, planetmates, pleasure, possessions, resources, sedentary, strong men, struggle, submission, suffering, survival, tribe, UNAPPROVED AND HIDDEN, unconscious, uncontrolled, wealth, women, work, wrong-gettedness.. Bookmark the permalink.
RT @sillymickel: "[ironic how your insistence on controlling] made you shackled to work loads & time constraints, & found you burdened unde… 7 minutes ago
RT @sillymickel: "At any rate, it is supremely ironic how your insistence on taking over the reins of your sustenance thru horticulture & f… 7 minutes ago
RT @sillymickel: "[Chervis:] "As an example, one of these people was a Dr Graham Farrant. Never heard of him, right?" "*Ephineus*: "No."… 12 minutes ago
RT @sillymickel: "*Ephineus*: "I don't believe we have ever heard of such a thing." "*Chervis*: "Well, that is one of many things we've… 12 minutes ago
RT @sillymickel: "Affecting the planet & the entire biosphere & being the most significant lifetimes for us out of many, we are uplifted &… 16 minutes ago
RT @sillymickel: "...these times have significance far beyond ourselves & our trivial concerns." READ BOOK- mladzema.wordpress.com/2019/08/02/wdc/ #psych… 16 minutes ago
RT @sillymickel: "*All We Are Saying, Is Give God a Chance* ""She [Goddess, the Universe, All That Is, Nature, Reality, Universal Mind, Go… 19 minutes ago
RT @sillymickel: "I don't know if God's laughing at that because that might be judgmental...but it's kinda like...it's like, well, He's jus… 19 minutes ago
RT @sillymickel: "I mean...my God! What does it take to realize that you can't handle that many?! It'd kill you! So, you know, it was kind… 1 hour ago
RT @sillymickel: "But so you wanta see some draggin' bedraggled scraggly-assed mother-blankin' tired lil, lil...I swear to God. What were t… 1 hour ago

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Home TV/Cable News 'Nightline' showing strength in late-night competition
'Nightline' showing strength in late-night competition
During the week of April 4, 2011, ABC's "Nightline" ranked No. 1 among Total Viewers (3.901 million), according to Nielsen Media Research. "Nightline" ranked No. 1 in Total Viewers for the 7th week in a row. In winning the week in overall viewers, "Nightline" delivered its longest run ever of consecutive No. 1 finishes in Total Viewers. Displaying its impressive performance in viewers throughout the course of the season, "Nightline's" previous high winning streak of 6 weeks occurred during Fall 2010 – w/o 10/4/10 thru w/o 11/8/10.
For the 4th week running, "Nightline" grew from the year-ago week in both Total Viewers (+6%) and Adults 25-54 (+3%). Further, the ABC late-night program built on its overall audience year over year for the 8th straight week. "Nightline" was second in Adults 25-54 (1.566 million) and Adults 18-49 (1.193 million) for the week of April 4.
Season to date, "Nightline" ranks first in late-night among Total Viewers and Adults 25-54. This is the first time that "Nightline" has been in first place at this point in the season since at least the 1993-94 season, when "Letterman" began on CBS. In addition, "Nightline" is up by +3% in Total Viewers and by +4% in Adults 25-54 compared to the same point last year. Season to date "Nightline" is drawing its largest overall audience in 8 years – since the 2002-03 season.
Note: Due to CBS' coverage of NCAA Basketball, "The Late Show" was delayed and coded as a special on Mon (4/4/11). In addition, due to CBS' airing of Masters Tournament Golf Highlights on Thu (4/7/11) and Fri (4/8/11), "The Late Show" was delayed and re-titled. Ratings for all 3 nights are excluded from the averages.
ABC News' "Nightline" is anchored by Cynthia McFadden, Terry Moran and Bill Weir. John Donvan and Vicki Mabrey are correspondents. Jeanmarie Condon is the Executive Producer. The program airs weeknights at 11:35 p.m., ET on the ABC Television Network.
(Week of April 4, 2011)
TOTAL VIEWERS A25-54(000)/ Rtg A18-49(000)/ Rtg
ABC "Nightline" 3,901,000 1,566,000/ 1.3 1,193,000/ 0.9
CBS "Late Show" 3,607,000 1,585,000/ 1.3 1,191,000/ 0.9
NBC "Tonight Show" 3,719,000 1,507,000/ 1.2 1,195,000/ 0.9
(Source: ABC – The Nielsen Company, NTI Total Viewers, Adults 25-54 & Adults 18-49 Live+SD weeks of 4/4/11, 4/28/11 & 4/5/10. Live+7 (where available) & Live+SD for Season-to-date 10-11 vs. 09-10 (9/2/10-4/8/11 vs. 9/21/09-4/9/10).
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To give a good answer, requires knowing more about the file [a database file?] and its packed data, how the file and that data needs to be used [as a database file with the packed data column?], how the data gets into the DW, and where the DW resides [presumably on an ASCII system?].
If the file is only getting to the i5/OS system as an intermediary, such that the data is unused except to transform for a push to the DW, then the best option is to have the data properly exported from the vendor and eliminate the intermediate step. If the file needs to be used for its packed data when it arrives from the vendor, then changing the data in the file would not be best. Copying of data is not ideal, for its CPU & storage requirements, and thus possibly just a logical view of the existing data is best. But each /if/ is an unknown for the scenario, requiring more details.


Summary: JEHUTY lives. And there, ANUBIS thrives. Zone of the Enders: The 2nd Runner returns with 4K and VR support on Steam.
Relive the experience Zone of the Enders: The 2nd Runner MARS as a full-length remaster of the classic fast-paced 3D robot action game, recreated in VR, native 4K and in fullJEHUTY lives. And there, ANUBIS thrives. Zone of the Enders: The 2nd Runner returns with 4K and VR support on Steam.
Relive the experience Zone of the Enders: The 2nd Runner MARS as a full-length remaster of the classic fast-paced 3D robot action game, recreated in VR, native 4K and in full surround sound. Enter JEHUTY's cockpit and fly through Martian skies!
If you can master the somewhat difficult controls, there is a great deal of enjoyment to be found in Zone Of The Enders: The 2nd Runner – Mars. Fans of the series should buy this immediately, and giant mech fans will also want to add it to their libraries. For others, it is certainly worth investigating, though the challenging controls might prove off-putting for some.
The definitive way to play the best entry in the Zone of the Enders franchise.
The 2nd Runner – M∀RS brings back the gorgeous arcade shooter gameplay of Zone of the Enders, with an adrenalinic VR twist. Welcome back Jeuthy.
A game that fans of the series and old school gamers mustn't let escape. Great combat, adult plot and anime scenes build the identity of this classic from Konami, plus the VR and 4K technologies. A cult game has arrived on PS4.
The standard game is an excellent high-definition remaster and is the best version of the game to date. The VR mode ruins that impressive achievement and is wholly unnecessary. In short, play this for the high definition remaster and give the VR mode a very wide berth.
Beyond the resolution increase, improved audio mix and middling VR, there's really not much to this remaster. The exclusion of the first game also makes recommending last gen's collection easier.
A faithful remaster of a game that time has not been kind to. It fails at modernizing it for 2018 standards, making it feel like a clunky mess to play. It pains me to say this because of how beloved the series is.
GIANT GUNDAMS + SUPER FAST COMBAT! Nough' said.
More seriously, it's too bad there is no japanese audio still in this version - but then,GIANT GUNDAMS + SUPER FAST COMBAT! Nough' said.
As a person who played and beat the PS2 original, I was elated when I heard a VR version of this game would be coming. When the demo arrived,As a person who played and beat the PS2 original, I was elated when I heard a VR version of this game would be coming. When the demo arrived, I was ecstatic and after playing it, knew I would be happy with this version.
Aside from Eve:Valkyrie, the VR has really lacked versatile cockpit fighting games. Granted ZOE is a linear game, but the immersion of the VR and versatility of Jehuty (not to mention the myriad of various enemies) makes the combat anything but linear. Its fast-paced, action filled, and more captivating since you have to be more careful of your surroundings than playing it in the 3rd person view like many other game.
I've heard a bit of the complaints with controls, but again, as a veteran of the game it wasn't that hard of a transition. Also, hard controls are what makes the game more immersive since, as mentioned above, you are more immersed in the cockpit than simple hack and slash.


As part of the on-going and vital partnership between the Science Leadership Academy and The Franklin Institute, The Franklin Institute Board of Trustees have announced winners of The Franklin Institute Board of Trustees scholarship. The students will receive a $5,000 scholarship for their first year of college renewable for the second year. The competition for the scholarship was very strong this year, and we at SLA are proud of all who applied.


If one should be slain by a native of Commorragh, it's safe to assume that their murderer took devilish pleasure in the act. Dark Eldar have an abominable reputation for good reason, a race long stained from millennia after millennia of heinous and unforgivable atrocities. They've earned every damning curse uttered onto them, and not once have they felt a shadow of remorse. Even so, an anomaly was seconds away from happening. Zaknyrr, a Dracon of the Kabal of the Cutting Web, was lining up a kill in his blast pistol's sights, and as unbelievable as it tasted even to himself, it gave him no satisfaction.
It wasn't the fault of the soon to be victim. A creature so desperate that he dropped any rational measure for his chances of escape and was now desperately running for the 'safety' of the cover of an alien jungle. Thousands looked on as the man fled from their ranks. They stood as corralled livestock, many stricken with panic, others numb from years of nightmarish imprisonment. They had been brought here for sport. A blood sport for black hearted kings and queens; with no greater purpose than the hunt of sentient creatures. Once caught, they would be butchered as mere animals. It was a gruesome holiday of sorts for the Kabal of the Cutting Web.
Their masters had squeezed them densely into a herd of various races of men and women, all the while patrolling Kabal Warriors kept the prisoners contained. Not long before, servants of the Cutting Web had instructed the slaves to remain in their designated area until the nearby carrier ship signaled a discharge chime. There had been no confusion; the message had been delivered in over thirty languages to ensure compliance. Why one man had decided to run prematurely for the jungle was a mystery no one cared enough about to speculate on. Maybe he didn't trust the Dark Eldar to keep their word about actually cutting their slaves loose. Maybe the glimpse of sunshine, after years of dungeon dwelling, was just too much for his sanity to steady itself against. Whatever his reasons, they had just sealed his fate.
His Venom glided over the shoreline and then smoothly turned into an intercepting angle towards his target. They had landed lakeside on Shauth, the same location the Kabal had used for over half a century. It was as ideal a spot as a Death World could reasonably be expected to provide. The shoreline was nice and flat, and the choking jungle gave a rare reprieve and provided a grassy clearing for a few square miles off the lake's northern lip. Enough space to cram over four thousand slaves and a few of the Kabal's space craft.
Zaknyrr was alone atop the anti-grav cruiser, pistol extended in hand, as he closed in on his target. His aim was true, but his focus was elsewhere. The thought of the kill registered hollow inside him, so hollow in fact, that it was unfamiliar. With hesitation he pulled his weapon down and then holstered his Blast Pistol. He decided that something more than a fatal shot in the back would be required if he was to restore his razor's edge. The Venom leapt forward as Zaknyrr steered his chariot toward the much too slow prisoner. He took note of the man's face as the fool dared to peer over his shoulder and glance at the vehicle's armored blades approaching his exposed back flesh. Even with the pure, unadulterated fear painted across the mortal's face, the Dracon remained lost from his normal sadistic satisfaction. Zaknyrr sighed to himself and then ran the man through with the venom's forward blade.
Four thousand herded prisoners witnessed the slaughter of one of their own, but not a cry was uttered. None of them so much as flinched at the man's demise. The slaves of the Kabal had been conditioned to such for violence; brutality on Commorragh was the rule, not the exception.
Zaknyrr let his gaze drift over their faces. To an untrained eye it would be construed that every enslaved creature was wearing the same expression. That expression reflecting the natural condition a creature's soul suffers after years of physical and psychological punishment. Stress, pain, paranoia, defeat, all fitting descriptions of their outward emotions. But Zaknyrr was cleaver enough to see behind that projected mask. Underneath, many of these men and women maintained their fighting spirit. It was there, like a spark at the corners of their eyes. The Kabal chose these individuals for a purpose, and it prided itself on choosing quality livestock. The Dracon conceded that this crop would make for good hunting.
The chime sounded. Its bellow crashed like a gong and then finished with the scream of dying a lamb. The slaves had to be prodded into moving at first, but then quickly shifted and trampled into the Death World's jungle like rabbits fleeing a forest fire. Zaknyrr, with a dripping corpse still hanging from the front of his Venom, finally locked eyes with the one who had originally unnerved him. On top her custom Raider, surrounded by her emerald caped Incubi, was Archon Syxal Isavuda. She could pass for a rattlesnake, with her cool black eyes set into coppery skin. Her menacing grin told the Dracon everything he needed to know. While the Kabal would soon be sent to hunt the just released prisoners, Archon Isavuda would instead be hunting Zaknyrr. A sport for black hearted Kings and Queens indeed.
Character Sheet! Asterixes (*) are optional but preferred.
Last edited by Bone2pick on Sun Jul 07, 2013 7:54 am, edited 1 time in total.
Strengths: Rather tough and strong, still fairly quick on his feet.
Biography: Jameson was born and raised on Catachan, are fairly tough going survivor born. and was indoctrinated in to the Catachan 4875th Regiment, where he served in the Demolition Teams where he put use to the quote "things make bigger explosions when you use more explosives", he was abducted as a late 20's lad after the rest of his squad was annihilated by Dark Eldar Raiders on a routine scouting mission. Since then he had been biding his time, waiting for the right moment to prove his skills in survival. Since his capture he's held on to his trusty Catachan knife and his lucky lighter that has never run out of prometheium.
*Nickname: Yanko, or just pilot.
*Religious Views: Has no faith for anything.
*Political views: Doesn't believe in politics.
Default attitude: Acts coldly, tends to not believe in anyone or anything.
*Likes/Dislikes: Likes engines, ships and such. Hates the Imperium, dislikes Adeptus Mechanicus.
*Quirks: Smokes Lho sticks when nervous, stares often into distance.
*Intelligence: Knows how to fly a wide selection of imperial air- and spacecraft, and is an apt mechanic. Knows space travel.
Fears: Emotional attachments, large bodies of water.
Strengths: An excellent pilot, and has Imperial Navy training.
Armour: Wears no armor, but has old imperial fatigues and a padded cap.
Weapons: A lasgun with a folding stock.
*Hair: Thin, long brown hair.
*Distinguishing Features: Has a large nose.
Biography: Petkor Yankovitch was a rising star in the Imperial Navy in his twenties. Everything his tutors asked him to do, he excelled at. As such, as soon as he had graduated, he was sent to front lines of war as a pilot. Flying various military aircraft in strategic raids, he soon became accustomed to the atrocities of war.
A decade later, he disappears from Imperial Records, last markings being warnings of a psychological meltdown, noticed by his commanding officer. The cause of these instabilities is nowhere to be found, and seemingly all traces of his life outside the military are wiped. Lieutenant Yankovitch ceased to exist in the eyes of the Imperium.
Two years after the events of Zerocide, Petkor Yankovitch finds himself in a cargo ship pummeling towards the extremely hostile ground of Shauth in the Athaca system at lethal velocity.
*Political views: One holds power by whatever means necessary. One loses their power by being unfit to wield it.
Armour: Custom Kabalite Warrior segmented armor. Most of the suit is black with the exception being emerald green shoulder plates, many of the segments are tipped with razor sharp blades.
*Distinguishing Features: He has two tattoos that define his look: the first being his lips, which are stained black in contrast to his ghostly pale skin; and the second is a spider web that wraps around the entirety of his slender throat.
Biography: The young Dracon has served under several superiors throughout his tenure with the Kabal of the Cutting Web, and every single one of those (with exception to his current Archon) has been slain by Zaknyrr's devices. He is a relentless opportunist, a devastating combination of ego, ambition, and will. His peers, when pressed and when given reason to honestly critique Zaknyrr, praise his hasty and sinister rise through the Kabal's ranks; but warn against his garish and visible methods. He has been bold with his blade, but his lack of subtlety has drawn the eyes of those who have much to lose. Zaknyrr has taken his share fortune during his young life, and he has the enemies to prove it.
I'm not sure if I can just join but, if I can, here goes.
*Religious Views: An extremely faithful servant of the Emperor, though will occasionally be tempted by Tzeentch.
*Quirks: He can be foolishly aggressive at times. He will often pray to the Emperor whenever he has a moment.
*Intelligence: An excellent tactician and intelligent in most matters.
Fears: Another run in with raw Warp Energy (see biography).
Weaknesses: As stated above, he can be over aggressive at times and will sometimes go into uncontrollable and vivid recollections of the battle with the Daemon he had on Calth and terrible visions of the future. (see biography).
Armour: All of his armor was taken by the Dark Eldar save the armor on his right arm from the elbow down. The Dark Eldar wished to have it serve as a painful reminder of what he used to be.
Severus Everyn was a tactical marine of the Ultramarines Fourth Company under the command of Captian Uriel Ventris. He was to be the successor of his squad sergeant, Veteran Sergeant Pasanius and had a promising future as an Ultramarine. That all changed when the Iron Warriors and M'Kar the Daemon Prince invaded Calth. He was wounded in battle with a Daemon and lived. This did not sit well with the Chapter's Chaplains, despite his loyalty to the Emperor. Only one in allegiances with powers of the warp should have been able to survive a wound that severe. He was exiled from the Chapter, all his heraldry removed, and banished. He was discovered by the Kabal of the Cutting Web and taken into slavery. There, it was discovered that the wound did possess the energy of a daemon of Tzeentch within. The Dark Eldar would torture him into such emotional distress that the energies would increase to such levels that the energies could allow him to see the future. Each time though, he would be eaten away by Chaos, slowly rendering him harder and harder to be redeemed.
Though he thinks he can be saved by proving himself a loyal servant of the Emperor on Shauth , it is only a matter of time before he falls to Chaos.
Last edited by Carnifex160 on Sun Jul 07, 2013 7:55 am, edited 3 times in total.
Fears: Allan's greatest fear is losing his friends. Believes he could talk his way out of encounters with inhabitants of the planet or his captors. Is good with animals but he can't as easily escape a situation with the jungle monsters so he would prefer to avoid them!
Strengths: Expert in explosives and is good at talking his way out of things and convincing people to do what he wants. Good with animals. Knows how to make alcohol out of goat's milk.
Weaknesses: Is not physically strong, finds it difficult to kill anything without very good reason.
Last edited by easycompany on Mon Jul 08, 2013 5:43 pm, edited 2 times in total.
Goal: He used to hate Chaos. Since the events of last year, his mind has been twisted and every day is a struggle to find out what his true motive in life is.
Religious Views: The Emperor protects those who Protect him. (Note that it isn't "For The Emprah!" because he isn't sure if he's devoted to him anymore. He simply acknowledges that the Emperor is almighty and powerful).
Quirks: He likes to rip stuff up. Small things, like paper or wood.
Intelligence: Knows a lot about the mark of Chaos, weaponry, and combat tecniques.
Fears: Succumbing to the chaos side of him.
Strengths: Punching, being a leader.
Weapons: A chainsword given to him by a mischievous Kabal warrior.
Hair: Perfect buzz, light brown color.
Distinguishing Features: A huge gash down his left eye and cheek. He's also missing a finger on his left hand.
Biography: Rodomus was a very bold marine. From his very first mission against Orks, Rodomus was recognized as a fierce and powerful warrior. Promoted to Sergeant of a tactical squad, Rodomus led his battle-brothers into many perilous battles. As his squad were all but killed, side from him and Brother Colenias, his Captain realized this position was not suitable for him. Rodomus and Colenias were both placed in a Devastator Squad. The Devastator Squad was placed in Third Company and was part of five planetary assaults and twenty smaller missions.
With the discovery of a Chaos cultist on planet Novus, Rodomus and his squad were one of the first to be sent onto the planet, in order to find the Chaos spawns and annihilate them as quickly as possible.
On the planet, Rodomus, isolated from the rest of his troops, was captured and demons thrust words and thoughts into him. He resisted, and was rewarded, for a giant Land Raider ran over all the Demons and rescued him. He was accussed of being tainted with chaos, and he was about to find out if he was, until his vessel was ambushed by Dark Eldar, and everyone but him was killed. Sensing the internal struggle inside him, the Dark Eldar took him to the mysterious planet.
Last edited by Crusherfex on Sun Jul 07, 2013 8:41 am, edited 1 time in total.
*Goal: Another attempt at revenge for the betrayal and stranding of his Lady Archon by her son.
*Political views: Its not his place to be political.
Default attitude: Rarely speaks, preferring to glare a those to speak to him. The few words he does say are Laconic in nature.
*Likes/Dislikes: Loves the scent of terror in his victims at the moment before death, Hates traitors and cowards.
*Intelligence: Knows countless hand to hand combat styles and where to strike the prey for the quickest kill.
Strengths: Excels at close quarter protection and close order combat.
Armour: A battered and well used set of ghost plate armour whose shield generator has been moded ( see biography). It is sandy bone in colour missing its helmet and has no marks to identify his kabal save its colour.
Weapons:Twin blades, 9 inches in length inlaid with pain amplifiers.
*Possessions on Person: a cloak seemingly made of shadows woven into the night, it would be the perfect stealth tool if it was undamaged as it is, it only serve to keep him dry.
*Hair: Grey/ white long and tied back with a short well maintained facial hair.
*Eyes: Electrical blue Eldar augmentic replacements.
Biography: Raised form a young age in one of the many Incubi temples in the reaches of Commorragh, Maakreth became quickly known or his almost unmatched skill in hand to hand combat his kind was famed for. Despite this many chose not to utilise his skills due to his single mindedness and lack of situational awareness once in combat. Eventually Lady Darimeth hired him into her newly formed Kabal of the silent sands, Using him as a lone wolf in a series of brutal and brilliant raids and assassination her cabal rose quickly to prominence in the Dark city.
But, such with the fickle ways of that dangerous place it was not to last. On on raid Lady Darimeth lead her kabal into the field as was the norm, but on this occasion she had brought her son with her. Almost as soon as the the webway gate was closed upon their target the traitorous lordling betrayed her. He had turned all her Incubi bodyguards against her, all save Maakreth. Blind with rage he turned on his once brothers and slew them in quick succession but not before the lordling had given his mother a seemingly mortal wound. He then withdrew into the webway with the majority of the Kabals forces.
Grievously wounded but not dead, Lady Darimeth called Maakreth to her side. There she stripped him of Incubus plate and weapons as punishment for his failingin his duty. paradoxicly she followed this by presenting him with three gifts. Firstly a battered and well used set of kabbalite armour, finished in matte black as opposed to the kabbals usual creamy bone white colour. Secondly was a matched pair of blades from her own belt, these were the colour of obsidian and were inlaid with all manner of pain enhancers. The final gift was less of a gift and more of a curse. It was a pendant made from wraithbone and a soul stone. It purpose was to sacrifice his soul to Slaanesh should he fail in the task she gave him.
Darimeth then instructed Maakreth to return to the dark city track her son down her son place a matched pendant to his around her sons neck and kill him and any of the traitorous commanders who followed him. This done he should return here with any remaining forces of the kabal and collect the stranded survivors.
Last edited by Jaman on Mon Jul 08, 2013 10:40 pm, edited 1 time in total.
*Goal: Once Gelyn wished to see the galaxy before Arach-Qin's departure. Now he only desires to see those crystal domes once more.
*Religious Views: The old gods died millennia ago, all but Slaanesh. There are no saviors to pray to.
*Political views: Gelyn submits to the will of the seers. "We trust in their guidance."
Default attitude: Curiosity towards everything. Since his capture, however, he's become more reclusive.
*Likes: Learning new things and seeing new places.
*Quirks: Likes to twirl his birthrune charm, and sometimes slips into dreams.
*Intelligence: Gelyn has completed the Path of Awakening and the Path of the Dreamer. He feels in touch with both his emotions and the emotions of others. He also knows a bit about Low and High Gothic, as well as handling the tame rams of his Craftworld.
Fears: Eternal desecration in the claws of She-Who-Thirsts.
Armor/Clothing: Scuffed black robes with beige trim.
Weapons: None of course. Gelyn could unleash an uncontrolled psychic blast, yet he fears the repercussions.
*Possessions on Person: No spirit stone, no birthrune, nothing. His captors took them all away.
*Hair: Shaved. Now, though, he's slowly growing back a fuzz of black hair.
*Eyes: Thin lime green eyes.
*Distinguishing Features: Gelyancen's birthrune is also inscribed under his left eye, in a faint permanent red.
Thought for the day: A mind without purpose will wander in dark places.
Inquisitor's note: Little concrete information is known about this Craftworld. All knowledge originates from interrogation of an Eldar Ranger (See: Interrogation Log E03784), who died in the middle of the process. Given the lack of presence of any other Eldar from this Craftworld, one can surmise that they are cowards and no further inquiry is necessary.
I have completed the Path of the Dreamer. And yet, I feel no more content for it. I can sleep no longer. My dreams are filled with visions of what may lie outside this wraithbone world-vessel. What may be on those worlds other than this one? How will I rid myself of these repeated distractions? And what do these visions indicate about me?
I will speak with the Dream-Teacher about this.
-Thoughts from Gelyancen Kileath, 12 cycles ago.
I am resolved. I must see the worlds without, before the closing of Arach-Qin's webway ports. What will they look like, I wonder? Will they be crude like the structures of the fabled Imperium, elegant like our spiraling spires, desolate like the corona of a star or tame like the rams which wander under our wraithbone trees?
I appear not to be the only individual with this wish. I heard of a Mariner, Aleanith, who may join me on this exploration. All we need, then, is a transport.
-Thoughts from Gelyancen Kileath, 10 cycles ago.
We are prepared. Aleanith somehow secured the use of a Shadowhunter, by means I feel I should not question. Will they peruse us? I hope they do forgive us once we return.
Very well. I shall delay this no longer. I do this so we shall leave the galaxy with no regrets.
Gelyancen sensed the approach of his wardens. He felt their empty souls salivating for his mind, yet he paid them no heed. He heard something click open, and a pulse of blatant malice as something landed on the agony-stained cold ground. Gelyn didn't budge. They left just as quickly, their minds disappointed and their hunger directed towards another meal.
The object remained. It filled the room with Aleanith's death pains, echos of when a pair of Grotesques ripped her apart. It carried a hollow reminder of one of her light laughs they once shared over a drink. It was her lung.
Part of him wanted to taste it.
They did this every several hours, letting each piece accumulate as a mound of wretched, ruined flesh. It tore at his spirit to sense her like this, when only cycles ago she smiled over the moons of Esthuel. Yet he had no choice but to endure the pain, to remember who she used to be, to suppress his gnawing hunger. His captors said nothing and gave nothing else, evidently waiting for when Gelyn would give in and become a beast like them. He wouldn't do that, no matter how weak his limbs became or how painful each breath echoed through his chest. He wouldn't Fall like his long-lost brethren. He wouldn't desecrate her like that.
Gelyn lay on his back with his eyes closed. He shut out the aged screams in the walls and the beating of another prisoner one wall over; instead he focused on a wraithbone rune of his name. He twirled it and spun it through his mind, focusing on its edges and the perfectly curved strokes. He separated himself from the den of agonies and the failings of his body, and hid in the furthest reaches of his mind. There he stayed, waiting for anything.
What kind of excuse is that…?
And that is his weakness.
"THAT IS ENOUGH!" bellowed Severus Everyn. The slave beside him in the tree had completely lost interest in fighting off the trio of Slaughter Swines below. His attention had been completely diverted to the Angel of Death gripping his head tightly and muttering to himself. Severus looked back at the slave. He noticed his combat blade had been unsheathed and saw the thrill of fear flickering behind the poor man's eyes as he realized that in his trance, he must have attempted to bring his blade to bear upon the man.
Severus had experienced such dreams where he spoke with the voice within him, but never had the voice convinced him to take action in the material world before. He looked down at the blade, then back at the man.
"I… I'm sorry," muttered Severus remorsefully. The man's fear quickly turned to a scowl. The slave leaned in close to the Space Marine. Their eyes met. "I hate you," he whispered and jumped from the tree into the woods below.
The man would not survive, Severus knew it, and it would be his fault. He was emaciated and tired and wouldn't have even made it up into the canopy without the Astarte's help. He pushed the thought of what must be going on below from his mind and said a small prayer to the Emperor for the soul of the slave.
They stood in silence, each one like a bird of prey, ready to swoop down into the jungle and tear the flesh from their victims bones. Soon they would be unleashed. Zaknyrr bit into his lip while he watched the opening ceremony. Only one moved among them, Yalek Hierarch, the right hand of Archon Syxal Isavuda. The other present members of the Kabal, including the Archon herself, were as motionless as cut obsidian. The wind whispered as it agitated the tall grass of the clearing. It had brought the scent of the jungle with it. Blood began to pool at the corner of Zaknyrr's mouth.
Yalek carried a relic with him as he skulked into the center of the loose circle of bodies the kabal had gathered into. Once his destination was reached he sunk onto both knees, and with the same care a mother gives her new born babe, he placed the artifact on the ground before him. A single deathly white hand pulled the black satin veil off of its subject. An upright humanoid statue, as high as an Elderith's knee and devoid of all features, was the familiar sight before them. What was visible of its exposed body dazzled like polished chrome, and overtop its metallic flesh were countless jade strands. Each strand helped form a cocooning web, an emerald prison that would forever bind its faceless captive. Once again the wind stirred, this time it tingled with electricity. Yalek Hierarch remained in full bow as the Archon finally broke her frozen stance amid her protective Incubi and advanced toward the artifact. Her strides were long and measured, a movement not unlike the stalking approach of an arachnid. She was graceful, even in her full Ghostplate. She was threatening, even without a victim. Her silver hair cascaded over her shoulder plates, and a choking hand was tattooed and displayed over her slender throat. Her parade finally ended in front of the figurine, and she lowed herself into a single knee bow before it. Ever so gently, she leaned her brow onto the statue.
At that precise moment, the Kabal began to see with one eye. It began to hear with one ear, taste with one tongue, and feel with one skin. Their outer world dissolved around them as their minds were married. That's when Syxal Isavuda, Archon of the Kabal of the Cutting Web, began to speak to her subjects. Not just with mere words, but with images, sensations, emotions, and memories.
They saw themselves back in their dark palace on Commorragh. As one they raced through its shadowed hallways and swept through several cruel torture chambers. A black tapestry with an emerald spider web sprawled across its length, the symbol of the Kabal, was then brought into view.
Then they were thrust deep into the jungles of Shauth. Reliving vivid memories from previous hunts which made their hearts accelerate. They could feel the hot sticky air of the planet, and they could taste the sweat on their lips.
The image of a bloody hand tearing off a fresh corpse's jawbone repeats itself.
They are shown their future enemies. A warrior of the mon'keigh appears, a male from a jungle world of his own. He fades into the wild bush and is replaced by an oversized creature of the same species. This new enemy is thickly muscled and wears a scar that runs the length of his face. A fist of the mon'keigh's Emperor manifests itself beside the brute and then blows away along with the warrior as if made of smoke.
They are shown one in their likeness, an Eldarith gliding through the underbrush with augmented optics that occasionally catch the light. He too fades from view, and is replaced by one of their misguided kin; an Eldarith whose ancestors chose a foolish path to follow. They watch with hateful eyes as he bends down to test a puddle of water. A crimson rune, obscenely marked under an eye, is reflected into the pool. The wind comes once more and blows the image away.
Memories from past hunts replay. They watch Venoms speed over an enormous fallen tree trunk that serves as a makeshift bridge over a raging river. The scene changes as slaves hopelessly climb trees in an effort to flee, while their Kabal hunters effortlessly scale up after them. Down come the bodies. Mon'keigh corpses fall from the jungle's canopy like rain drops.
They are back. Gathered in the clearing, one hundred and thirty of the Kabal's finest warriors are standing. Archon Isavuda has disconnected from the Spider Stone, and the link has been severed. The Archon, along with Yalek Hierarch, rise and turn their attention to the awaiting hunters. A subtle nod was given by the Archon and Yalek delivers the signal to dismiss the collected Kabal. Yalek's trivial gesture, by the approval of Archon Syxal Isavuda, had just officially commenced Firnin'Ryl. Zaknyrr was one of the last to stir. Most of the others had begun their journey into their hunting grounds, the wild jungle of the Death World Shauth. The Dracon could still taste the iron in his mouth from his bloody lip. His nervous biting habit was unsurprisingly in full bloom. Finally he managed to snap out of his trance and turned to face his chariot. He hadn't made the first step before he heard her voice. This time it was real and audible, not like the psychic manifestation he had just heard.
He never turned to face his Archon. He simply broke stride, nodded in agreement, and finally smiled his black lips across his face before replying.
The planet throb with life and ambience. Screeches and wails from unknown creatures vibrated through the tree bark and rebounded off the leaves, making Them impossible to detect, and even more so impossible to track.
"So, uh, what do we -hmm- d-do?"
Rodomus grabbed a vine and thrust it down to clear the path. Behind him were a couple Guardsmen, armed with nothing but the flak armor their hunters were too lazy to remove, a couple smoke grenades, and a single las-pistol. Like lost puppies, they kept close to the bare abnormal human, nervously observing the perimeter, jolting at every nearby squeak or hiss.
"We survive, Guardsmen," Rodomus replied, crushing a dead, hollow, tree branch with his foot. The first Guardsmen, Sergeant K. Fillmore's face whitened when he saw the cut up and bleeding heel of the Marine. The second Guardsmen, Trooper Michel Sola carried in each hand a grenade, primed and ready to toss if anything were to happen.
The trio marched in silence, the Marine's powerful feet muffled by the ambience of their surroundings. They clearly had no idea where to go, yet the Marine would occasionally look up, check his bearings, and randomly switch directions.
"Lord, do you know wh--"
An abrupt stop by the Marine caused Fillmore to walk into him and fall over, cutting his sentence off. The Marine was staring up unto the trees, at something the Guardsmen could not even notice the silhouette of. Fillmore got up and brushed himself off bearing squinting up at where the Marine was looking at. The Marines gaze slowly lowered down the tree until he looked directly ahead, as if he was watching something move down from it. His jaw tightened and his arm rested on the hilt of his chainsword.
Rodomus stared for another moment, then abruptly changed direction again, going a bit faster than before.
Petkor Yankovitch had woken up in less comfortable places. That is not to say this was a particularly comfortable place to wake up in. As he opened his eyes, he saw nothing. As he wiped off the blood covering his face, he noticed he still saw nothing but a faint blinking light of emergency light activation. As he reached to press it, he found himself in no small amount of pain, barely able to rise from the seat he woke up in. When the energy-saving red lights flickered and he saw heavy metal curtains blocking where once had evidently been windows and yellow fire-resisting foam covering the door behind the seat, he started remembering how he had ended up there. He was in a ship where everything had gone wrong.
Going over the machinery of the cockpit, he quickly noted that all primary systems were offline, and only emergency systems remained functioning. After turning few switches, a faint graph appeared on a cracked monitor, indicating it was safe to breath outside. Petkor sighed. At least he could step outside without the use of a centuries old breathing mask. Other than that, he had no idea of what kind of world it was that he had so abruptly crashed. Never steal a ship from a rogue trader, he reminded himself. Not only will they want your head, their ships tend to be just above ork craft in reliability. This had been an imperial munitions carrier, centuries ago, and after abandoned of use, it had passed down from one shifty smuggler to another, and finally to the rogue trader Petkor had stolen it from. Each owner, save for Petkor, had done their share of modifications and fixes, but the hull of the ship was near it's limit, and the modifications only added strain to it. Petkor thanked his luck the emergency systems worked, at least. Having the primary thruster fail above a system he lacked the star charts for hadn't left him with much optimism, but he had lived through the fall. He remembered smoking a lho stick during the fall, and was reaching for his pocket, but realized that it wasn't the best idea to start a fire, even that small, in a air tight enclosed cockpit he had no idea how long he had been unconscious in, and how long he would have to stay in it. If it even was air tight. With the kind of equipment he was dealing with, he couldn't know.
After contemplating on the situation for a while, he decided to check the items at hand. Adding to his own rather limited burden of lasgun, a box of lho sticks, and a lighter, he found dry rations for a day or two, a first aid kit and a small blowtorch with an attached gas tank from a small closet in the cockpit. He tried his hand against the steel door. It was still warm. There was no firestorm raging behind it, but the flames hadn't completely died out, either. He forced it open. Rush of light blinded him, his eyes filled with the kind of light that can't be seen through the light-filtering cockpit windows. The crash landing had torn the ship asunder, an immense tear where the top of the ship had crumbled under it's own weight against the surface of the planet. Whatever the ship had been loaded with was now burning. On his right, the ships flank had ripped up against the bedrock, and on his left, the side had spliced on itself. Figuring there would be no proper route left intact, he started climbing up towards the breach in the hull several decks above him.
As he reached the top and looked around himself, he felt despair. Far around him, the crash had burned down a clearing, but beyond that, he only saw jungle. He had fallen on a death world, and he couldn't see a way out.
Actual Name: 7072680 - "Bruno Stihl"
*Goal: To die on his feet, fighting the enemies of the Emperor. The Krieg way.
*Quirks: Blinks very slowly, or seemingly not at all to some. Whistles excite him.
*Intelligence: Growing up on Krieg has given him many practical skills, as well as rigid habits. But more than anything, it taught him how to survive; and the longer he can survive means that he can do his part to repay Krieg's debt to the Imperium. Quick thinking and calculation give way to muscle memory in some cases.
Fears: Being caged, unable to die, unable to fight.
Strengths: Extremely tough and resilient, very skilled in hand-to-hand combat due to training, immovable and unshakable in the presence of an enemy.
Weaknesses: Duty comes before tactical presence. Doesn't always pick the best route or option, but the one that will give him both outcomes: Killing his enemies or dying doing so.
Armour: Krieg greatcoat and equipment, grenadier plate was removed. Gas mask retained.
Weapons: A chipped combat knife the Krieggers use as their bayonets.
*Possessions on Person: Gas mask, even though the respirator is not present. Collar tab of his regiment.
*Hair: Formerly short, now shaggy brown.
*Eyes: Flat, slate like blue.
*Distinguishing Features: Scarred and marked skin covers his face and body over years of service as a Grenadier, one particular being one that encircles the 180 degrees of his throat.
Biography: Grew up on Kreig lucky enough to be born the natural way the Emperor intended, not a tuber. Assigned into the training regiments he showed particular fearlessness in the face of danger, and was assigned to Grenadier training. He excelled in the high-risk operations of attack and defense easily, and was issued his gear and shipped off with the 33rd Infantry regiment of Krieg. Often attached to Siege regiments, Bruno has fought through trenches and kill-zones across many worlds. Fighting rebels, the threat of Chaos, the elusive Eldar and the brutal Green Menace. Artillery barrages have filled him full of shrapnel, las-bolts have pierced his skin, Orks have hewn at his body with crude weapons. He was always told that dying for Krieg was the duty of all her sons, but he wanted to maximize his potential; he wanted to live as long as he could so he could make his time alive worth it to the Emperor.
During the defense of an agriworld, the 33rd Infantry regiment was sent to aid the PDF against an Ork horde. As they landed on the world, they had no time to set up the routine defenses, and were plunged deep in combat the moment they stepped of the transport. The Orks were expecting a slaughter, but what they got instead was the 33rd Grenadiers charging forward, silently, bayonets at the ready. The 45cm blades of their bayonets was more than enough to end the life of any lowly greenskin, and the horde was forced to retreat in the face of an immovable enemy. The entrenching began and the 6 year war began in earnest. The 33rd was slowly picked apart of the years, and when the threat of planetary takeover was gone, the Krieggers began hunting down the Orks; that is when the Dark Eldar scoured the granite hills of the Agriworld.
His squad was all but annihilated, but they did not die without payment. They took as many as they could with them, but were caught by surprise and out-numbered by many. One of the warriors had jumped off of their skimming transports and knocked him flat from behind, stabbing him in the back Bruno tensed in pain, reaching around to try and grab his assailant. The Kabalite warrior grabbed him by the chin and lifted his mask skyward bending his head to see his face. The twisted helmet of the fallen Eldar greeted his eye lenses upside down as he felt a knife reach under and dig into his neck at the collarbone. The blade scraped and gouged its way across his throat, making him elicit a rare grunt of anger. He was not going to die like this, he had many more enemies to slay. He rolled over suddenly, catching the warrior off guard, his heavy grenadier plate pitting the warrior below him. He proceeded to tear the helmet off his attacker and began to pummel him with his fist, the other around his neck, strangling him. The salaciously grinning warrior's face now turned to fear as he stared back at the blank, stern face of the Kriegger, the sight slowly blurring as his eyelids swelled shut and a lack of oxygen deprived his brain. After long minutes passed, the broken and mashed face of the raider lay before the blood covered gloved fist that was raised in attack should he twitch or slow other signs of life. Bruno had been losing blood rapidly during the ordeal, and his self preservation kicked in; he found his lasgun and removed the power-cell. Connected both nodes to his knife, the energy within began to dissipate into the bayonet, heating it rapidly. He moved the metal to his bleeding neck, hesitating only for a slight second before he cauterized the wound. He raised himself to his feet as the world went black.
Bruno now finds himself in the ownership of the dark fiends, routinely physically and mentally punished he never faltered. This was so unnerving to his owners that a mere man was so unmovable to the horrible fate he now lived that they forced him to wear his gasmask again, so they could escape his cold, hate-filled eyes that followed them. After being selected and herded onto transports, he and many other prisoners await an unknown fate.
Maakreth left the clearing, heading into the tangled and murk dark of the surrounding jungles. His wake left a trail of corpses, each body showed little outward evidence of deadly trauma but all had been the recipient of expertly placed blows. All had died quickly, but as far as a sated Maakreth was concerned each body represented an unnecessary risk and a waste of time. He should not have killed them, the death world they had been stranded upon or the hunters loosed to chase them would have taken then soon enough. He could of used them as bait, still there was no point point thinking upon potabilities now.
His motivation for killing was much easier to determine, the fist few had been out of anger. Anger at being captured, anger at failing his mission, anger at his own stupidity. Then the killing had turned to sport. That hadn't lasted long, most in his group were long held slaves. This naturally meant that despite them once being proud warriors many were weak with malnourishment. Killing them had almost been an act of mercy.The last few he had killed to feed his hunger, if he was to survive this place he would need to be as strong as possible.
But that was the past, Maakreth pulled his thoughts into the present. He headed into the thick and humid undergrowth of the death world, his augmentic eyes automatically balanced his vision for the low light levels. It did not take long for him to come across a trail almost calved through the jungle. This main path, perhaps twice his width was shadowed by others, the hunted and the hunters he mused. The hunters path was harder to track but would potentially give him his best shot at getting of this rock.


text:
Joseph Bernard Clark (1868-1940) was a British ornamental plasterer and co-founder of the specialist plasterwork company of Clark & Fenn.

Born in Dundee on 25 March 1868, the son of a plasterer, Clark's family moved to London when he was still young. In 1913 Clark joined with Harry Fenn, a surveyor, founding a company at Loughborough Junction to specialise in ornamental fibrous plasterwork and Plaster of Paris work.
The business was a rapid success with commissions from the new cinemas and major theatres who competed against each other through the splendour of their interior decoration. For designs, Clark & Fenn worked closely with G. Jackson & Sons, founded in 1780 with Robert Adam as a designer.  The company soon moved to larger premises at Clapham Old Town where they were able to prefabricate much of their work off-site. This allowed them to take the mouldings ready-prepared for installation to a theatre or cinema, minimising the disruption to performances and rehearsals.

Notable works include:
 Theatre Royal, Drury Lane
 Grand Theatre Leeds
 London Palladium
 Somerset House in the Strand
 St. Clement Danes in the Strand,
 Granada, Tooting

External links
 Interior photographs of the Granada, Tooting
 G Jackson & Sons George Jackson Limited
 Catalogue of decorative mouldings Clark and Fenn

Sources
Friends of West Norwood cemetery Biography of Joseph Bernard Clark (1868-1940) Master Plasterer

Plasterers
1868 births
1940 deaths
Burials at West Norwood Cemetery
People from Dundee

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


I am not okay and that's why I'm blogging. I promised myself to never again lose self control. I don't know if you have felt this kind of feeling that you're just so mad and you're just so sick and tired of it and you just want to not be mad. It's just like you want to scream but you're not allowed to. It's like you're being tortured inside but you're trying to be strong. I'm mad and I'm trying to control it. I'm mad and I just don't want to be mad. I don't really know. Earth has been producing lots of people who wants to pull you down, God has been giving me so much test in life lately and I just want to pass. There's just this people who just can't resist making other people stressed. So i'm locking myself just to keep my promise. I just don't want to hate anymore. For hatred really is just a useless emotion.
Maybe, It's just so hard for me to release hatred and anger because I'm such a boring person, living a simple life and is happy with simple and small things. I can just sit around a corner and doodle. I can just lay myself in bed for 24 hours reminiscing happy thoughts. I can hangout with my friends but i sometimes choose not too because i don't want them to be sick of me talking about how i feel. I just don't want to share these negative feelings inside with those people living in a positive world.
Always pray when you're mad.
him for letting me experience this feeling for It gives alot of realizations.
Never be afraid to cry.
I was trying to not cry for I want to tell myself to be strong, But not crying just means I'm weak.
It's a form of letting go. If you don't want to curse,If you don't want to hate and do not so good things then just cry. It's better than posting your hatred out on facebook.
Never ever keep it inside.
I'm currently sick and i feel more sick because i was keeping it inside.
If i can't tell people how mad and sad i am, then let your mind speak through writing or blogging.
I'll get there. One step at a time.


text:
Q: How to handle Spark write errors? this is a question about Spark error handling.
Specifically -- handling errors on writes to the target data storage.
The Situation
I'm writing into a non-transactional data storage that does not (in my case) support idempotent inserts — and want to implement error handling for write failures — to avoid inserting data multiple times.
So the scenario I'd like to handle is:

*

*created dataframe / DAG

*all executed, read data successfully, persisted within spark job (can be in memory)

*writing to the target — but that throws an exception / fails midway / is unavailable

In this scenario, Spark would retry the write — without the ability to roll back (due to the nature of the custom target data store) — and thus potentially duplicate data.
The Question.
What is the proper approach in Spark to handle such cases ?
Option 1.
Is there a way to add an exception handler at task level ? For a specific task ?
Option 2.
Could set max retries to 1 so that the whole app would fail — and cleanup could be done externally — but would like to do better than that :)
Option 3.
As an alternative — we could add an extra column to the dataframe, one that would be computed at runtime and be unique across retries (so we could, again, clean it all up externally later). The question is then — what would be the way to compute a column literal at runtime of the Spark job (and not during DAG creation) ?
So...
Given the question -- what options are there ?
If it's any of the three proposed -- how can it be implemented ?
Would appreciate very much any help on this matter!
Thanks in advance...

A: I would implement the error handling at the driver level, but this comes at the cost of additional queries (which you would need anyways). Basically you need to

*

*check if your (new) data contains duplicates

*your target table/datastore already contains this data
val df : DataFrame = ???

df.cache() // if that fits into memory

val uniqueKeys = Seq("ID")
val noDuplicates = df.groupBy(uniqueKeys.head,uniqueKeys.tail:_*).count().where($"count">0).isEmpty
val notAlreadyExistsInTarget = spark.table(<targettable>).join(df,uniqueKeys,"leftsemi").isEmpty

if(noDuplicates && notAlreadyExistsInTarget) {
  df.write // persist to your datastore
} else {
  throw new Exception("df contains duplicates / already exists")
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Updates Rory Career Gallery Site Links
Photoshoot of Rory Kinnear (3rd December 2021)
A photoshoot of Rory Kinnear has been posted on the Donmar Warehouse twitter account, facebook page and instagram account (3rd December 2021)
Rehearsals Photos of Force Majeure (30th November 2021)
Rehearsals photos of Force Majeure has been posted on Donmar Warehouse twitter account and facebook page (30th November 2021)
Observer (28th November 2021)
Interview with Rory Kinnear has been posted in the observer (28th November 2021)
Interview with Rory Kinnear appears in the Observer: The New Review section on the 28th November 2021
Daily Mail (27th November 2021)
A picture of the Mezzotint appears in the Daily Mail: Weekend supplement on the 27th November 2021
TV and Satellite Week (27th November-3rd December 2021)
A picture of the Mezzotint appears in TV and Satellite Week (27th November-3rd December 2021) issue
Promotional Photo of the Mezzotint (23rd November 2021)
A promotional photo of the Mezzotint has been posted on the bbc (23rd November 2021)
Radio Times (27th November-3rd December 2021)
A picture of the Mezzotint appears in the Radio Times (27th November-3rd December 2021)
No Time to Die: The Making of the Film Book
Pictures of Rory Kinnear appears in No Time to Die: The Making of the Film Book
No Time to Die 4K Ultra HD Blu-ray Release Date (Region 1)
No Time to Die will be released on 4K Ultra HD blu-ray on the 21st December 2021 (region 1)
« Next Page∞Previous Page »
Maintained by: L (contact form)
Online since: June 2013
Currently: fan(s) online
©2013 Rory Kinnear Fan. This is an unofficial fan run website. I have no affiliation with Mr. Kinnear or his representatives. All copyright is to their respective owners. No copyright infringement ever intended.
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Computer viruses are like ants in Florida. They're everywhere, and if you don't use the right preventions sooner or later they'll invade your space. Viruses and other cyber threats are constantly evolving with technology. Meaning if we don't update this software regularly as it comes viruses that have evolved to get around the old software will have a way to get into to your computer. Once that happens all of your data is in danger, not to mention the dangers that could trickle to your contacts.
Your firewall is no different. In order to prevent viruses and unauthorized networks from accessing your information it needs to be a step ahead of the viruses that are trying to break through. Forming a barrier between trusted networks and the internet which contains untrusted networks it works to protect your data as you go about your business. Think of it as a filter, making sure you're safe from the dangers of wandering the internet.
Would you feel comfortable living in a house with nothing to prevent intruders except a standard locked door? No deadbolt, no alarm system, no chain, just an itty bitty lock. That answer is probably no. You don't trust that tiny lock to protect you (and your family), so why should you trust just a firewall or antivirus software to protect your sensitive information?
Your firewall acts as a wall keeping threats out and away from your documents and information. Sometimes a virus can slip by when you click a bad link or travel to an unsafe site, once this malicious software is in your firewall can't do much about it. That's when your antivirus scans your computer to find the virus where it is hiding and obliterate it!
A virus that is gathering recognition is CryptoWall, which takes all of your data and encrypts it so if you don't pay their demanded ransom you lose all access to it. With an antivirus and malware scanner you can detect these threats before they can take all of your files. Ransomware is particularly dangerous because if you choose to not pay their ransom, even with the help of a tech company you have a high risk of losing all of your files.
Phishing- (noun) The fraudulent practice of sending emails pretending to be a reputable company in order to acquire personal information such as passwords or credit card numbers.
Everyone gets emails. You sign up for alerts from your bank, e-bills, promotions at your favorite stores, coupons, and work emails. You probably don't think twice when someone sends you a link because you recognize them. That means it's safe, right? Wrong, hackers are more than capable of mimicking your friend Lauren or your bank to send you malicious emails bent on wreaking havoc on your life. It could be a link, an email from a friend or relative urgently needing you to wire them money, or your boss telling you to buy something and have it shipped to a specific location immediately. Before you click that link, mouse over it to see if it is going to the right place, then copy it to your browser.
So how does one protect themselves from this kind of attack? Hackers are not known for their spelling. Shocking, I know. Reputable companies have teams of editors that make sure everything is perfect before it is sent out, if you get an email from your bank and see a typo chances are its fake. Make sure if it is a company you are involved with you go to their website get a phone number and give them a call. Do not use the information provided in the email.
Unfortunately, email is not the only way these scams can hit their marks. You could also fall victim of a phishing phone call where they pretend to be your bank or cable company in order to get your information. The best prevention is to be wary off all phone calls, popups, and links. Check to see if they are really who they claim to be, and make sure to report it if they are not. Microsoft has a great page going over the proper procedure that you can read here.
Most importantly, if your business has a company they rely on for IT services or internet security, communicate with them before you make any changes, install any new software or activate/deactivate features of your firewall. A lot of these software solutions must be configured to work together, and while complete protection is important, more is not always better. For example, multiple antivirus solutions running on the same machine will not only slow your computer down, but they'll make each other less effective if not completely useless.


Discussion in 'Android Devices' started by FroyoShark, Apr 25, 2012.
Would it be possible for someone to port AOKP? I have it on my Kindle Fire and it's much better than CM9. So many cool features that I would like to see on my phone.
eas014 and FroyoShark like this.
I'm already using your MIUI ROM and now you're working on AOKP? You're amazing Austrie.
I'm not just a porter..
For the triumph or ov ?
mhmmm thank you you guys were last time talking about sense right? would it be 4.0?
I know of someone trying to bring Sense 4.0 to this phone but I'm not saying who just in case he wants to keep it a secret.
FroyoShark and Twizted6789 like this.
FroyoShark, klamkhowder, Chingling and 1 other person like this.
Updater-scripts are the worst.. lol.
nice austrie! it would be cool to see sense 4 on the triumph.
But he did add in a2sd but he forgot to add in a few libs I believe he said..
It would be nice to see a recovery log to see exactly how it failed.
yeah, it looks clean... can someone grab that recovery log?
With all these awesome developers...it's good to have a triumph.
I got past update script error long time ago, I also switched to a different device to port Sense to make it easier.


text:
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Home | Higher Education Worldwide |
Higher Education in Finland
There are two sectors in the tertiary education: traditional universities (yliopisto, universitet) and universities of applied sciences (ammattikorkeakoulu, yrkeshögskola, or AMK/YH for short). Admissions are based on the high school final GPA, the high school final exam (the abitur), and the university entrance examinations. The selection process is fully transparent, merit-based, and objective; there are no application essays, no human factor in selection, no underrepresented minority support (except for preset quotas for Swedish speakers), and no weight on extracurricular activities. Moreover, the entrance examinations are rarely long multiple-choice exams, and instead consist of a smaller number of longer and more complicated questions that are supposed to test more than memorization and quick mechanical problem solving. Therefore, the selection process is very different from many other countries.
The focus for universities is research, and they give theoretical education. In many programs graduating with a master's degree is expected, with no separate admissions process between Bachelor and master's degrees. The universities of applied sciences focus more on responding to the needs of the world of work and they engage in industry development projects. The nature of research is more practical and theories are applied to advanced problem solving. For example, physicians are university graduates, whereas registered nurses and engineers graduate from universities of applied sciences. (However, universities also award degrees in Nursing Science and Engineering.) The vocational schools and universities of applied sciences are governed by municipalities, or, in special cases, by private entities. (As an exception to the rule, Police College is governed by the Ministry of the Interior.) All Finnish universities, on the other hand, were owned by the state until 2010, after which they have been separated from the state into foundations or corporations under public law. A bachelor's degree takes about three-four years. Depending on the programme, this may be the point of graduation, but it is usually only an intermediate step towards the master's degree. A bachelor's degree in a university of applied sciences (a polytechnic degree), on the other hand, takes about 3.5-4.5 years. Polytechnic degrees are generally accepted as lower university degrees.
Graduates from universities and universities of applied sciences are able to continue their studies by applying to master's degree programmes in universities or universities of applied sciences. After bachelor's degree graduates have completed three years' work experience in their field, they are qualified to apply for master's degree programmes in universities of applied sciences which are work- and research-oriented. Lower university degree graduates are also qualified to apply, but with additional studies. The master's degree programme in universities of applied sciences takes two years and can be undertaken in conjunction with regular work. After the master's degree, the remaining degrees (Licentiate and Doctor) are available only in universities. All master's degrees qualify their recipients for graduate studies at doctoral level.
The equivalence discussed above is only relevant when applying for public sector jobs.
No tuition fees are collected. However, since the 1990s there have been plans at government level to introduce tuition fees to students from outside the European Union/EEA. The students' organisations have opposed those plans. In universities, membership in the students' union is compulsory. Students' unions in universities of applied sciences are similarly recognized in the legislation, but membership is voluntary and does not include special university student health care (which is organised and partly financed by the students' unions). Finnish students are entitled to a student benefit, which may be revoked if there is a persistent lack of progress in the studies.
Some universities provide professional degrees. They have additional requirements in addition to merely completing the studies, such as demonstrations of competence in practice. An example of such a degree is Lääketieteen lisensiaatti, medicine licentiat, Licentiate of Medicine. A Bachelor of Medicine (lääketieteen kandidaatti, medicine kandidat) is allowed to conduct clinical work under the supervision of senior medical staff. The Licentiate of Medicine is not equivalent to licentiate's degree in other fields, but to a master's degree. For this reason, no Licentiate's thesis is required unlike in other fields. The equivalent of a Medical Doctor in the U.S. sense is therefore not called "doctor", but licentiate. The research doctorate, which is equivalent to a PhD in Medicine, is called "Doctor of Medicine" (lääketieteen tohtori, medicine doktorsexamen).
After the master's degree, there are two further post-graduate degrees -- an intermediate postgraduate degree, called Licentiate, and the doctoral (Doctorate) degree. A Licenciate programme has the same amount of theoretical education as a Doctor, but its dissertation work has fewer requirements. On the other hand, the requirements for a doctoral dissertation are a little bit higher than in other countries.
The most typical Finnish doctoral degree is Doctor of Philosophy (filosofian tohtori, filosofie doktorsexamen). However, universities of technology award the title Doctor of Science (Technology), tekniikan tohtori, teknologie doktorsexamen and there are several branch-specific titles, e.g., in medicine lääketieteen tohtori, medicine doktorsexamen, in art taiteen tohtori, and in social sciences valtiotieteen tohtori, politices doktorsexamen.
Academic Ranks in Finland
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Higher Education in the Palestinian Territories
Higher Education in the Philippines
Higher Education in the Republic of Ireland
Higher Education in the Republic of the Congo
Higher Education in the United Arab Emirates
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