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The World Of Khoras - Religion - The Ancients
Guelrilath
The Iron Lord
Status Greater God
Domain Law, Order, Civilization, Strength, War
Ethos Plan, Prepare, Study, Practice, Overcome, Dominate.
Typical Worshipers Virtually all citizens in the Sybren Imperium, from peasants to the nobility.
Head of the Church His Wrathful Presence, Rainar Dragorum
Demographics 95% Sybrenar, 5% Other
Geographic Regions Worshipped primarily in the Sybren Imperium, but also in other areas of Aggradar to a lesser degree.
Allied Faiths None.
Opposed Faiths None.
Holy Symbol An iron mask.
The Deity
Guelrilath ("GOOL-ri-loth") is the god of the Sybrenar people. The Sybrenar see him as the master of their destiny, the architect of their civilization and the progenitor of their species. In all things, he is all powerful, all knowing and the penultimate being. He enforces law and order upon a world of chaos and disharmony. Through him, strength and perfection are brought to the Imperium.
Guelrilath is depicted as a tall humanoid figure dressed from head to foot in iron armor and wearing an iron mask. Because of this, he is often referred to as the "Iron Lord". He is associated with the colors red and grey and with the red moon.
Guelrilath is one of the Ancients… the oldest gods of Aggradar. According to the teachings of this faith, the birth of the world was a time of chaos and war. Gods battled gods, angels fought with devils. The world shook with their fury. So too did armies of faithful clash in battle and sow the fields with their blood. Guelrilath slew many lesser godlings. Many fled in terror before the might of Guelrilath and now skulk in dark corners of the Universe. From the Chaos of those early times, Guelrilath brought forth adamant order.
When the battle fields at last fell silent, the Iron Lord gathered his most faithful and brought them to the lands of western Aggradar. These early followers became the Sybrenar. He taught them to cultivate the land, to build and to craft. And thus, the Imperium was born and civilization came into the world.
Overview of the Church
The church of Guelrilath is one of the major religions of Aggradar. It is tightly integrated into the culture and politics of the Sybren Imperium and he is their chief deity. The Sybrenar see Guelrilath has the penultimate model of their racial strength and individual moral values. He is not the maker of the world, but the master of it. He is not the father of the Sybrenar race, but does serve as an inspiration and example to which all Sybrenar aspire. The sybrenar work every day to please him and earn his blessing.
The Sybrenar Imperium is not a theocracy, but the faith and church is interwoven into the fabric of Sybrenar culture and the priests do hold considerable power within the realm. There is no doubt that the religion is deeply ingrained in custom and tradition here. Likewise, nobles, commanders and kings are not just political figures, but are also seen as spiritual leaders in a way. They are expected to lead by example. There is a belief that those who rule in the Imperium are granted their political authority by divine sanction.
Although the Sybrenar see Guelrilath as a complex god with many aspects, he is seen elsewhere primarily as war god. he is worshiped by professional soldiers, mercenaries and military officers throughout much of Aggradar.
Geographic Placement
The church of Sybrenar is strongest in the Imperium. Here, temples to Guelrilath are in every town and a shrine to Guelrilath can be found in every home. Smaller temples to the Iron Lord can be found in the Iron States and major cities in Aukaria and Magrakor.
History and Origins
Historical records speak of Gulrath, a god that was worshiped by craftsmen of the Tarzhen Legion of the Han Empire during the First Age. By the time the Kytohan Empire had risen to power, the worship of Gulrath had become transformed into the church of Gul'Rilth. He was seen as both a patron of blacksmiths and a warrior.
After the Sundering and the World Storm, there was much fighting. Leaderless armies, roving bands of mercenaries, bandits, monsters and more battled each other across the lands. It was a violent time with much bloodshed. Through the years, Gul'Rilth become a war god. Warriors prayed to him for protection on the battle field, to mend wounds, to strengthen the shield, to cast down an enemy and to find one's way home.
The faith of Gul'Rilth was carried around the continent as soldiers travelled between battles and prisoners were transported. The strongest region of this faith was in western Aggradar where the fighting had been fiercest.
By the twenty second century, shifts in the language of Kytai had split into regional tongues. In Sybrenar, the name of the god shifted to Guel'rilath.
The church is focused on maintaining the "perfect" Imperium and expanding its order. Toward this end, the church advocates war with other realms, enslavement of non-Sybrenar species, exploration of the world and a continual expansion of the Imperium's borders. This relentless expansion and conquest driven by the church has culminated in the Blood War, an ongoing conflict between the Sybren Imperium and its neighbors –primarily the Trossoli Dominion, the Iron States and Magrakor.
Temples, Churches and Holy Sites
Temples of Guelrilath are impressive and ornate cathedrals of stone, decorated with a great deal of iron, brass, copper, silver and gold. Metal is considered holy in this religion , especially iron, and it is prominently displayed throughout the temple in both architectural flourishes, railings, statues and other objects of art. The most obvious example of this is the main altar, a massive and ornate table of iron and gold. A typical temple is home to a dozens of priests of various ranks and serves up to three hundred faithful.
Worshipers
Every sybrenar is raised with Guelrilath as a constant part of their education and culture.
Every follower of this religion carries a weapon at all times and this weapon is always made of iron or steel. This is know as their "unat" which translates literally as "second weapon". The weapon is always kept close at hand. Most followers, especially craftsmen farmers and other non-soldiers, carry a simple knife or dagger as their unat. Professional soldiers, however, will make their main weapon their unat. Steel swords and iron hammers are particularly favored.
Allied and Opposed Faiths
Guelrilath is not allied with any other faith and many of the teachings of this church led the Sybrenar into conflict with other cultures and religions.
The faith of Guelrilath is many things. First and foremost, it is a faith of law and order. Disorder, anarchy, insanity, recklessness, idleness and laziness are all considered sins in this faith. One overcomes such things through cultivating a strong mental discipline. Will power is the most important tool in this internal battle. Followers are exhorted to live a clean, orderly and productive life.
Iron is valued both literally as Guelrilath is the patron of craftsmen, especially smiths, and also metaphorically as "iron will". While a person's sword or dagger is their "second weapon", one's personal resolve, or will power, is their first weapon. A common saying among the faithful is "my will is iron, my discipline, steel".
Guelrilath teaches that one must always be prepared for that which one foresee's and able to adapt to all else. One should always be in control of oneself, no matter the situation.
Guelrilath is indeed a war god. The faithful believe that every day, every challenge, every obstacle is a battle to be fought and overcame. Life is a war. The faithful are taught to ruthlessly take from life without mercy or hesitation. One's moral code should be a guide, but never be a limitation. Mercy and compassion have their place, but the strong rule.
The tenets of the faith can be summed up as this: plan, prepare, study, practice, overcome, dominate.
The following laws apply to all faithful:
A follower of Guelrilath must always wear iron upon their person in some form as a reminder that their will is iron.
A follower of Guelrilath must never be parted from his unat. Never go forth into the day without your second weapon.
A follower of Guelrilath must never partake of any food or drink, vapor or essence, that deprives one of reason or sense.
A follower must maintain a rigid discipline of personal at all times, never giving in to meager temptation or shy away from effort.
The holy book of Guelrilath consists of 12 chapters that outline the laws laid down by Guelrilath, the philosophies of the faith and the official history of the church.
Each temple has a single official copy of this book. A typical temple copy will be a huge and magnificent book bound between two ornate iron covers. The pages themselves are thin steel sheets with words and symbols inscribed by acid etching. For this reason, the book is known as the "Iron Codex". A single temple copy is worth hundreds of gold pieces, but they are extremely heavy and difficult to carry or transport.
Each priest carries a parchment or vellum copy on their person and refers to it often for daily prayers , rituals and inspiration.
The symbol of the church is a stylized iron mask. It is believed that Guelrilath has no face, only an iron mask. The priests of this religion likewise wear iron masks for most ceremonies and rituals.
When the red moon is full, the faithful will gather. Sermons are given, stories are told and prayers offered up to the Iron Lord. During this ritual, the priests will perform the Kai Ju Mar. This is a mock reenactment of the many battles of the god war that shook the world in their first years. Many specific duels and battles are a part of the Kai Ju Mar. In this reenactment, Guelrilath is victorious over all other gods and, finally, he leds his people to a distant land and founds the Imperium, the first civilization.
During this monthly ritual, offerings are made. Valuable objects of crafted metal are typical. On special occasions, a prisoner or criminal will be sacrificed. Sacrificial victims are bound by iron chains, adorned with an iron mask and then impaled in the heart by an iron blade.
Every 38 days, the red moon Mektor is full and that night is considered holy. This is the night when the faithful gather.
The Iron Mask of Sidu Jelar. According to legend, Sidu Jelar was the first Sidu of the faith. The temple at Damogoth has held an ornate iron mask which the priests claim to be the one worn by Sidu Jelar. According to the legend, the mask was crafted by Guelrilath himself and given as a gift to Sidu Jelar. The mask is protected by guard, lock and spell in the deepest vault of the temple. It is purported to be ensorcelled with the most powerful magic.
The Staff of Bargreshukar is another potent item, crafted by a deeply pious Sybrenar wizard. This ornate seven foot staff is forged of many different metals. It was used by great warriors and priests during various battles centuries ago. It is said that he who holds the Iron Staff commands the power of Guelrilath and can not be killed by any mortal weapon.
The Clergy
Overview of the Clergy
Priests of Guelrilath are learned men and women, schooled in many subjects and skilled in a variety of weapons and fighting techniques. At higher ranks, they wear chest plates and iron masks and wield a variety of weapons.
Though skilled in martial warfare, they also wield potent magic which grows with their rank. The spells known to the priests of Guelrilath tend to have to do with: law, order, knowledge, combat and mental discipline. A number of spells also deal with metal. Their magic is particularly effective against chaos and disorder in all its forms.
The priesthood of the church of Guelrilath is divided into the following ranks:
Yodus
The yudi are the lowest ranking members of the church. They are responsible for all the menial tasks of the temples. A single yudus (singular) may have to prepare meals, tend the stables, polish boots or run errands for any of his or her superiors. The yudi bear no armor or weapons and do not wear masks. They have no spell ability. After one to three years of faithful service, a yudi is promoted to the rank of gaith.
Gaith
The gaith are the first tier of priests. These young priests spend a great deal of their time in study. They also serve their superiors in preparations for rituals, copying manuscripts, performing guard duty and a variety of other mundane tasks. They are taught in classes and begin to learn the inner mysteries of the faith as well as the foundation of the church's magic. At first, a gaith's spells are few and weak, but their magical skills grow with their years of service. A temple usually has several gaith in service but larger temples may have dozens. After several years of training, a gaith is promoted to the rank of oxar.
Oxar
The Oxar serve as a variety of roles. Some serve as warrior monks, wielding iron armor and weapons in defense of the faith. These men and women go on missions for the church, escort dignitaries and stand watch over important rituals. Others serve as the spiritual leaders of smaller towns and villages, running smaller churches or serve the higher ranking officials at major temples. After many years of service, an oxar may be promoted to Kalduk.
Kalduk
The Kalduk are the high priests of this church. Most Kalduk have been in the church most of their lives and are grey bearded old men. Many of them rule over smaller temples and churches. Some lead large groups of oxar on important missions for the church.
Sidu
The Sidu is the Archpriest, the leader of the faith. There is only one Sidu and he rules the great temple in the capital city of Damogoth.
The Vadak
In addition to worshipping Guelrilath, the Sybrenar practice a form of ancestor worship that is a part of the rank and title system used in the church. Certain priests of Guelrilath who do their duty very well and live pious lives are given the status of Vadak upon the death or posthumously and hence forth are worshiped. Vadak is seen as a "rank" that one can only achieve in death. Each vadak is responsible for a single element of life and is worshiped in that function. For instance, there is the Kronar the Vadak of Fighting Skill, Ixbolla the Vadak of Wealth, Shaharra the Vadak of Foresight, Brulltan the Vadak of Swords, Tanarra the Vadak of Mountain Climbing and so forth. There are hundreds of Vadak. Each is prayed to along with Guelrilath. Their names are written in the Iron Codex and they become part of the history and teachings of the Church.


Kristin Smith, communications director for the San Francisco Bicycle Coalition, takes Olina, 5, for a ride on an electric-assist bike during Sunday Streets in the Bayview.
As city dwellers around the world increasingly hop on bikes as a healthy and sustainable mode of transportation, perceptions about bike usage have expanded to include more utilitarian purposes, and the number of electric bikes is on the rise.
These vehicles are extremely energy-efficient: An e-bike with a 540 watt-hour battery can travel up to 70 miles. Electric bikes can also help people bike to work without breaking a sweat while enjoying a fresh-air commute.
Brett Thurber and Karen Wiener founded the e-bike shop the New Wheel ( http://newwheel.net/) in 2010 in Bernal Heights. They say they saw great promise for electric bike technology to change the way people get around and have doubled sales every year, with about 500 e-bike owning customers in the Bay Area. Most of those bikes, they say, were sold in the past two years.
Just a few years ago, electric bikes seemed more like scooters than bicycles because they relied on the twist of a throttle, often jerking the rider forward; pedals served primarily as aesthetics. Thurber says he "was a little discouraged by electric bike technology before," but the advent of torque sensors have created "a human-machine hybrid that's like a bicycle in all the best ways."
The recent torque technology is much more intuitive and discreet than throttles or cadence sensors. New electric bikes feel much smoother and more natural than previous models. Torque sensors measure how hard you are pressing on the pedals, then in turn tell the motor how much to assist you based on your pedal pressure. When you head up a hill, the sensor knows you're working harder and asks the motor to chip in.
The San Francisco Bicycle Coalition has seen an uptick in the number of parents asking about e-bikes. Parents who want to move away from cars and minivans are using cargo bikes to get around, because they can safely carry two or three kids and electric-assist helps navigate some of the hills and distances. And traveling by bike can ease the stress of finding parking.
Janelle Wong, the San Francisco Bicycle Coalition's operations manager and the mother of two kids (ages 5 and 7), added electric pedal assist to her cargo bike, primarily for safety reasons. She and her children have commuted by bike together for years, but "when you've got two kids that together weigh 90 pounds, it's hard to gain enough momentum to balance your bike." The pedal assist makes it easy to accelerate quickly enough to stay upright while getting rolling.
"I adjust my pedal-assist to stay with biking crowds - I try to blend in," says Wong, who only started commuting by bike after she had children. When carrying her kids or extra cargo, she'll add some electric power for keeping a reasonable pace and for making it up the hills. "On the flats and when riding around without the kids, though, I'll reduce or turn off the assist."
New Wheel isn't the only Bay Area shop where you can get an e-bike; other options include Public Bikes ( http://publicbikes.com/), Electric Bicycle Superstore ( www.electricbicycleoutlet.com/), SF Electric Bike Works at Big Swingin' Cycles ( www.bigswingincycles.com/electric.html) and Motostrano ( www.motostrano.com/).
You can test ride an electric bicycle at Sunday Streets, where the San Francisco Bicycle Coalition offers an e-assist family bike to ride. The next Sunday Streets will be July 13 in the Inner Richmond neighborhood. For more information, go to http://bit.ly/1lbjCwi.
Bike About Town is presented by the San Francisco Bicycle Coalition, a 12,000-member nonprofit dedicated to creating safer streets and more livable communities by promoting the bicycle for everyday transportation. For more biking resources, go to www.sfbike.org.


She inherited 21 huge trunks that had been kept in a basement for 57 years.
In a series of three exhibits at the Olde Gaol Museum in Lindsay, local artist Ann Louise Smith tells the incredible story of her grandparents through her artwork and a collection of family artifacts.
Her grandparents were Canadian Reverend Frederick Anderson and his true-love, American-born Mabel Jean, and their son, Walter.
Upon their deaths, Smith found herself with the incredible find that spanned nearly six decades of love and war, danger and peace.
Some of the items were collected during their travels around the world during their furloughs as missionaries. The more than 3,000 letters, written in perfect cursive, along with accompanying diaries and notes, spoke of grand times and challenging times, containing a richness that brings their stories to life.
"There are all these stories… like a wagon wheel with all the spokes," says Smith.
Now, 78-years old herself, Smith says that she wants to share her discoveries as she "doesn't know what will happen to all of this" when she is gone.
The first exhibit already held May 31 was on 'Intricate Needlework of India' at The Olde Gaol Museum.
The next two presentations and displays promise to be very fascinating. The second exhibit, 'The Forgotten War,' tells the story of Frederick and Mabel's son, Dr. Walter Anderson and his experiences as a prisoner of war by the Japanese in Burma during the Second World War.
Anderson's story of imprisonment is well-documented and rich with detail. Much of his correspondence was retained and several pictures capture the events.
Smith will present an overview with anecdotes at 7 pm on July 5 at The Olde Gaol Museum in the community room, with admission by donation. The items will remain on display for public viewing until July 29.
In the third and final exhibit of the series, 'From Souvenir to Artifact,' Smith will share a collection of unique artifacts accumulated by the Andersons during their world travels. This exhibit will open on Aug. 9 and will remain at the museum for public viewing during regular museum hours until Aug. 31.
Plans are being made by the museum to close this event with an India-style 'Tiffin Tea.' Contact The Olde Gaol Museum at 705-324-3404 or email ac.mu1556171961esuml1556171961oaged1556171961lo@of1556171961ni1556171961 for further details.


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Thomas and Kathleen Clarke Letters
Thomas Clarke was one of the key architects of the 1916 Easter Rising, while his wife Kathleen was a founder member of Cumann na mBan and became Dublin's first female Lord Mayor. Find out more about them both.
A close friend of writers such as James Joyce and T. S. Eliot, Ezra Pound was instrumental in getting these writers (and many others) published and promoted. And of course he was a major poet in his own right. Find out more about his letters.
From Crossley-Holland, Kevin To Benham, Margaret (1987)
From Campbell, John To Allen, Jane (1827)
From Hamilton, Dr James To Cullen, Dr William (1783)
From Joyce, James To Carlow, Viscount (1939)
From Johnson, Malcolm To Hemingway, Ernest (1931)
From Arthur, R. J. To Dear Mr. Brown (1919)
From Smyth, James A. To Smyth, Eliza C. (1900)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Bring Us Together
by F.H. Buckley
Does anyone remember Richard Nixon's campaign slogan, in the bitter and unhappy summer of 1968? It was a cheerless time of assassinations and riots, of a Vietnam War which killed 17,000 Americans that year, more than in any other year. It was the year when Lyndon Johnson proved that he understood the shall-will distinction ("I shall not seek and will not accept") in announcing that he would not run for the presidency, and in which the insincerity of Hubert Humphrey's forced jollity, amidst the whiff of tear gas at the Chicago Democratic Convention, was apparent to everyone. It was in short a time in which Americans were just as divided as we are today.
And then, in the middle of it all, Vicki Lynn Cole attended a Nixon whistle-stop rally in Deshler, Ohio. The eight-grader was given time off by her principal to attend the rally, and did so with a sign that said "Vote Republican." In the press of the crowd she dropped the sign, but then she picked up another one from the ground, with its message "Bring Us Together." Nixon didn't see it, but someone in his entourage did, and the slogan began appearing in Nixon's speeches. It featured again in his Inauguration Address.
In 2016 we aren't riven by the turmoil of 1968. There are conflicts, but they're very much on the back burner. We have a different set of issues, corruption and the decline of economic mobility, but they're not ones that pit one class of American against the other. And yet we are divided, and yearn to be brought together again.
It was the same desire for unity to which Lincoln appealed at his 1861 Inauguration, speaking to an even more divided country:
We are not enemies, but friends.… Though passion may have strained it must not break our bonds of affection. The mystic chords of memory, stretching from every battlefield and patriot grave to every living heart and hearthstone all over this broad land, will yet swell the chorus of the Union, when again touched, as surely they will be, by the better angels of our nature.
That appeal fell on deaf ears, but after the reconciliation that followed the Civil War, and after America began to come to terms with a legacy of racism and bigotry, Americans harkened to Lincoln's appeal for unity and proved themselves worthy of it, in the bocage of Normandy, in the jungle of Guadalcanal.
Here's a memo to the Republican establishment, courtesy of Whittaker Chambers. Would you storm the beaches of Tarawa for entitlement reform? Neither would I.
But if there's a desire for unity, from which side might we seek it? Not from the Democrats, a Party whose m.o. is to divide us, women against men, gays against straights, blacks against whites. If the Party abandoned its divisive appeals to the grievances of women, gays, and minorities, what would be left of it? It would have entirely imploded, enfolded within itself till nothing was left but scraps, like the cats of Kilkenny.
Nor would we find a call for unity in the Party of Mitt Romney, of country clubs and three addresses, of a 53 percent of productive givers ranged against the 47 percent of parasitic schnorrers. Nor from the NeverTrumpers who rail against the "invertebrate" Trump supporters, the Oxycontin snorters whom National Review thinks should hurry up and die already.
If the message of unity is to come from anywhere, it will be from Donald Trump, who in his reflection on the Orlando massacre reached out specifically to the LGBT community. "When I am president," he said, "I pledge to protect and defend all Americans who live inside of our borders. Wherever they come from, wherever they were born, all Americans living here and following our laws will be protected."
You can't speak about uniting people when you try to divide Americans, when you ask one group to hate another. And you aren't dividing Americans when you distinguish between Americans and the non-Americans who are living here, or who wish to come here. That's why only Trump can pick up Vicki Lynn Cole's sign.


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Before leaving for Nevada, we highly recommend that you purchase visitor medical insurance or travel insurance. Visitor medical insurance covers unforeseen injuries or illnesses and can help recover financial losses caused by acute onset of pre-existing conditions, emergency medical expenses, trip interruption, or even accidental death & dismemberment. Travel insurance protects against similar medical issues like emergency medical expenses and emergency medical evacuation / repatriation, as well as more common travel hiccups like lost luggage, travel delays, passport replacements, rental car coverage, and more. Be sure to check your policy for details.
Safe travels, and may Lady Luck be on your side!


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Branchinella denticulata is a species of crustacean in the family Thamnocephalidae. It is endemic to Australia.

References

Branchiopoda
Freshwater crustaceans of Australia
Vulnerable fauna of Australia
Crustaceans described in 1941
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Our Whisky Collection
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Find A Whisky For You
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Whisky Guide
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Lagavulin 200
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The Dalwhinnie Range
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Made in the highest and coldest working distillery in Scotland, with water from a loch at 2000 feet, Dalwhinnie whisky thrives on extreme conditions – creating a liquid as sweet and accessible as its highland home is remote
Made in the highest and coldest working distillery in Scotland, with water from a loch at 2000 feet, Dalwhinnie whisky thrives on extreme conditions – creating a liquid as sweet and accessible as its highland home is remote.
From the ageless to the double-matured, this is a compact mountain range of a collection.
Dalwhinnie Winters Gold
Dalwhinnie 15 Years Old
Dalwhinnie Distillers Edition
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Make the climb and you'll be rewarded with a warm welcome
Like sunlight on mountain heather
No other distillery may use the water from Lochan an Doire Uaine – "Loch of the green thicket" – a gathering of pure snowmelt and rainwater high in the Drumochter Hills. That might be why Dalwhinnie Scotch is the only Highland whisky to offer a combination of clean and accessible, malty-sweet taste with a smooth and smoky warmth. It could also be why, Dalwhinnie releases its full honeyed sweetness when served chilled or over ice.
The Dalwhinnie distillery
When it was purpose-built in 1897, the distillery was first called Strathspey. Perhaps looking to distinguish their already distinctive whisky, the owners soon changed the name to Dalwhinnie when production started in 1898. It means "Plain of Meetings" in Gaelic, a reference to the location at a junction of old drove roads, between two mountain ranges. Though beautiful and ancient, the site is not without its drawbacks: a fire in 1934 caused a four year closure, with rebuilding hampered by bitterly cold winters and twenty foot snow drifts.
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The highest of Highland malts
A drop of gold
Honeyed and fruity
Dalwhinnie distillery is situated between the gentle, grassy style of the Lowlands and the heather-honey sweetness of Speyside which begins some 25 miles to the north. The result is that of the Highlands; a resilient marriage of gentleness and spirit.
The more you taste, the more you find, the greater the rewards.
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Online smartphone sales witness 100% growth in just concluded festive season, says a report. Technology products and accessories registered the highest quotient of growth compared to 2017, along with home appliances, groceries and beauty products during the festive season 2018, said a survey from GoPaisa.
Lenovo have been the most sought-after brands under the Rs 30K price range.
(2.6%), Indore (4.6%) and Sonipat (2.5%) being the areas of maximum increased traction.
"The Great Indian Festive Season is always a time for a lot of purchases, and online buying has become the favourite new way to shop for the modern Indian buyers. The 3Cs-convenience, credibility and cashbacks have made e-purchases a household pastime. This festive season, tech products have again ruled the roost when it comes to popular purchases, as various platforms shower users with a lot of substantial discounts, deals and cashbacks," said Ankita Jain, Cofounder, GoPaisa.
trends from the 55-63 year age bracket.


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CleanTechnica Tested: The Flyer L885 Long Tail Cargo E-Bike
November Transit Savings = $803
Cynthia Shahan
Saving money on transportation is always helpful, especially if we blunt air pollution at the same time. Any time of the year, it's nice; however, this season it allows for more to spent on the family for the holidays. According to the American Public Transportation Association's November Transit Savings Report, the average annual savings for public transit riders is now $9,635.
If one is riding public transportation instead of driving and fueling a car, the average savings is $803 per month in the top 20 metro regions of the country. These savings are true for those who do not own and drive a vehicle (or a second vehicle). The savings reflect the cost of commuting by public transportation, on average, so your savings may be higher or lower. The American Public Transportation Association (APTA) report is derived from the November 24, 2014 average national gas price ($2.81 per gallon — reported by AAA), the national unreserved monthly parking rate, and other factors.
It bears repeating that this Transit Savings Report (released monthly) continually proves that living with one less car in a two-person household is practical and wise financially. And think of the savings if both commuted by transit or bike and eliminated the automobile altogether!
Here's more from the APTA November Transit Savings Report:
The national average for a monthly unreserved parking space in a downtown business district is $166.26, according to the 2012 Colliers International Parking Rate study, which is the most recent report available. Over the course of a year, parking costs for a vehicle can amount to an average of $1,995.
The top 20 cities with the highest public transit ridership are ranked in order of their transit savings based on the purchase of a monthly public transit pass. The savings also factor in local gas prices for November 24, 2014 and the local monthly unreserved parking rate.*
City Monthly Annual
1 New York $1,214 $14,574
2 Boston $1,108 $13,298
3 San Francisco $1,059 $12,714
4 Philadelphia $970 $11,640
5 Chicago $961 $11,533
6 Honolulu $956 $11,475
7 Seattle $954 $11,448
8 Los Angeles $898 $10,771
9 San Diego $850 $10,197
10 Portland $845 $10,140
11 Minneapolis $841 $10,093
12 Denver $835 $10,017
13 Baltimore $828 $9,938
14 Washington, DC $811 $9,731
15 Pittsburgh $794 $9,522
16 Cleveland $787 $9,439
17 Miami $760 $9,125
18 Atlanta $758 $9,090
19 Las Vegas $741 $8,890
20 Dallas $741 $8,887
*Based on gasoline prices as reported by AAA on 11/24/14
Take a moment to calculate your own potential savings, with or without car ownership, over at www.publictransportation.org.
Join the growing number of Americans taking multi-modal travel choices, and contribute to the 2.7 billion+ quarterly trips on US public transportation. Choosing commonsense choices for your pocket and the environment also increases personal health through daily activity. Forget the costly gym and walk to the metro. A daily walk or two improves mental acuity and vitalizes the walker. Walking is particularly useful as a daily activity of aging adults and seems to keep cognitive decline at bay.
Reductions in CO2 emissions are, of course, also a result of commuting by transit. Personally wise and environmentally caring — if more commuted by transit, it would positively affect traffic conditions and could likely lead to fewer traffic accidents and lessen fatalities. Mass transit is one of the best options for change.
The Inspired Economist's post, "Public transportation & mass transit are keys to smart cities," encourages this vantage point of travel and mass transit. Check that out for more.
Zipcar Baltimore Car Share Members Drive Less, Give Up Cars, Use Mass Transit
How Well Does Your City's Public Transportation Score?
Walkable Neighborhoods Linked To Less Cognitive Decline
In this article:Atlanta, Baltimore, Boston, Carbon Emissions, Chicago, Cleveland, commuting, cost of commuting, Dallas, DC, denver, gas prices, honolulu, Las Vegas, Los Angeles, Miami, Minneapolis, multi-modal transportation, New York, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Portland, public transportation, San Diego, San Francisco, Seattle (WA), walking, Washington D.C., Waste Reduction
Written By Cynthia Shahan
Cynthia Shahan started writing after previously doing research and publishing work on natural birth practices. (Several unrelated publications) She is a licensed health care provider. She studied and practiced both Waldorf education, and Montessori education, mother of four unconditionally loving spirits.
Storytelling About Food & Climate Impacts
As we look to the possibilities of 2023, how might agricultural production unite with cleantech to improve food security around the world?
Carolyn Fortuna20 hours ago
There are some serious advantages to offshore wind. Offshore winds are much more powerful than those on land, and they reach their peak during...
Jennifer Sensiba3 days ago


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Reinhold Friedrich von Löwis of Menar (* 5. September 1731 in Nurmis (Livland); † 29. April 1794 in Kemmershof (Valka)) war ein baltischer Adelsmann schottischer Abstammung und russischer Generalmajor.

Leben
Sein Vater war Johann Heinrich I. von Löwis of Menar auf Panten, Nurmis und Seyershof (1707–1748), der Stammvater der baltischen Adelsfamilie Löwis of Menar, seine Mutter war Anna Jakobina geborene von Taube (1712–1757). Reinhold Friedrich heiratete 1764 Dorothea Elisabeth aus dem Hause Clapier de Colongues (1744–1799), er ist der Stammvater der Linie A (Nurmis). Ihre Nachkommen waren:
 Alexander (1765–1830), russischer Major, verh. mit Dorothea Elisabeth von Huene (1772–1846)
 Barbara Helene (1766–1787)
 Friedrich (1767–1824), russischer Generalleutnant und livländischer Landmarschall
 Peter Frommhold (1769–1829), russischer Major
 Andreas (1777–1839), Schriftsteller und Kupferstecher, Forst- und Landwirt
 Juliane Charlotte (1786–1849), verheiratet mit Karl Johann Hermann von Engelhardt († 1841)

Weblinks

 Genealogisches Handbuch der baltischen Ritterschaften, Teil 1.1: Livland, Seite 106
 Reinhold Friedrich von Löwis of Menar; Deutsche Nationalbibliothek

Reinhold Friedrich
Adliger
Person (Gouvernement Livland)
Geboren 1731
Gestorben 1794
Mann


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Emotional Graduation
An example of one thing a cop did that was right. KTVU television Facebook page
ORANGE COUNTY, Texas (FOX NEWS)— A police officer who had tell an 18-year-old last week that his parents had died in a motorcycle accident kept his promise and showed up at the teen's high school graduation over the weekend.
Lt. Eric Ellison was tasked with telling 18-year-old Kazzie Portie his parents died on May 24 when a pickup truck smashed into their motorcycle. The driver of the truck faces two manslaughter charges.
When Ellison arrived at the family's home, Portie was alone, according to BuzzFeed News. Ellison told KBMT breaking the news to Portie was one of the toughest things he has ever done.
Portie told Ellison his graduation from Cypress–Mauriceville High School was only a few days away, so Ellison promised he would be there to support him.
"I walked up on the stage he looked at me and I looked at him and we both cried and that's OK," Ellison told KBMT.
As Portie crossed the stage, the entire senior class stood and cheered for him. After he was given his diploma, Ellison was waiting for him at the other end of the stage.
"If you didn't have a wet eye you needed to check your pulse, The Montagne Center was the loudest I have ever heard it," Ellison told KBMT.
Portie told BuzzFeed News he has received an outpouring of support from the entire community, including Ellison.
"Seeing Officer Ellison there to congratulate me meant the world to me," he said. "It was so nice to see that he actually showed a genuine care for me and my family's situation instead of us just being another 'case.'"
copgraduationKazzie PortieLieutenant Eric Ellisontraffic accident
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He Could Tell You Things
Jeffrey Dudgeon
Roger Casement: Imperialist, Rebel, Revolutionary, by Séamas Ó Síocháin, Lilliput Press, 656 pp, €40, ISBN: 978-1843510215
Séamas Ó Síocháin has become one of the select band to have written two or more books on Roger Casement. He joins Roger Sawyer, the doyen of Casement authors, and Angus Mitchell in that pantheon, along with Herbert Mackey, the 1950s sanctifier. He, however, was more of a pamphleteer.
Such frequency illustrates the abiding fascination that Casement excites. Perhaps it is that he covers so much ground – Africa, the First World War, the Amazon and the Easter Rising, not to mention slavery, treason, and homosexuality. That range of subjects has made him the most written about Irish revolutionary.
Or perhaps it is because he was volatile, contrary, someone who changed his opinions and held contradictory views – all those traits which make people memorable and dynamic and are often the mark of great men and women.
Such large books as that under review are fewer. However Peter Singleton Gates's 1959 Black Diaries, Angus Mitchell's Heart of Darkness (mostly 1911 Amazon documentation), and this writer's1 also came in at more than 600 pages.
Ó Síocháin's biography of Casement was launched at Maynooth where he lectures in anthropology. Indeed he is currently editor of the Irish Journal of Anthropology. The main speaker was Niall Crowley, the estimable chair of the Equality Commission, who shares an interest in the Third World. In response, the author spoke of the long gestation of the book and – raising a laugh – of the frequent queries as to when he was coming out.
Eyes of Another Race, his earlier Casement book (with Michael O'Sullivan) was published in 2000. It reprinted Casement's 1903 Black Diary and the British government Congo report he wrote, along with commentaries, giving both documents equal measure and status. The 1903 diary was meticulously transcribed in its entirety, much better than before, and is plainly a key document that helps to explain many aspects of Casement's report as well as illustrating his motives, outlook and foibles.
That report and Casement's off-duty efforts in the Congo Reform Association broke King Leopold's grip on his personal fiefdom and in 1908 he was forced to make it a Belgian colony.
Literally at the launch, someone produced a new photograph of Casement with Mrs May French Sheldon, a hostile critic of his Congo report. It was probably taken on the island of São Thomé in 1903. Such a post-publication discovery happens too often and is irritating for authors. Just as when people who write to enquire about your sources turn out to be interested in some tangential character or event.
However it illustrates that no subject is entirely mined and that quite startling facts may still be out there, secreted or unremarked. Indeed the NLI has recently purchased several Casement notebooks written when he was little more than a teenager (one illustrated). The name of the older item's owner is being withheld by the NLI. Given its early provenance it suggests more could follow.
It is useful here to point out that reviewers comment on the faults, omissions and failings of a work and often only briefly on its virtues. They tend also to write about the subject rather than the book. Or simply compare their own to the new production.
This volume is the first comprehensive effort since those of Brian Inglis and B.L. Reid to write a full life of Roger Casement. It is informed by the clarifying work of others – Sawyer, Mitchell, Reinhard Doerries, Bill Mc Cormack, and myself, to draw together a smooth, seamless account.
As a fellow Casement biographer, I write to a significant degree comparatively, to my own work, the recent spate of new books, and the earlier post-war biographies by Reid, Inglis and René MacColl, the last two, significantly, journalist historians. Each later author has chosen to major on a particular area of Casement's life bringing their own speciality to the task – be it Irish and Ulster politics, slavery, homosexuality, literary history, anthropology or the rubber industry.
It is no secret that this book was ready for publication some years ago and that it had to be updated and at times corrected as other volumes appeared. Occasionally the rejigging shows but it would go unnoticed by the general reader while most of the new discoveries have been included.2
The author states in his preface that "the predominant focus of the present work is on Casement's public life" with more attention than hitherto being given to his twenty years in Africa. He adds it "is in no sense a psychological study." Elsewhere he wrote that it "does lack a strong author's voice, i.e. my analysis of events being more a detailed narrative." This is an accurate steer but the book remains a definitive biography of the man in all his settings.
Many see Casement in a negative light, Séamas Ó Síocháin does not. He is both neutral and sympathetic. Ever avoiding judgment and letting the facts speak for themselves, he remains intrigued by Casement and in awe of his attainments. And why not? He is a citizen of a model European state whose very existence and current formation owe much to the man.
Backing this up, Martin Mansergh TD said of Casement at the government-sponsored Casement symposium in the Royal Irish Academy that he was someone, "legitimate to co-opt as a forerunner of Ireland's independent foreign policy tradition." And this is the way states develop their founding stories, along with their heroes.
Dr Mansergh also pointed out "there appears to be a very wide gulf between the public persona and the private portrayed in the Black Diaries." Presumably knowing he would never publicly need to accept their authenticity, he added that the author of the diaries had "absolutely no conscience in regard to his own sexual life." But Ó Síocháin disputes these absolutes and makes of Casement a man of achievement and consequence, despite his cruising and the unacceptable grooming of adolescents.
In relation to the man in Africa, he takes up from Eyes of Another Race and covers Casement's postings in Nigeria, Angola, and Mozambique extensively and comprehensively. His good librarianship is exemplified by his tracking down the book Niger Memories by A.C. Douglas with its assessment of the early Casement.
The documents consulted by Ó Síocháin at the Sanford Memorial Library in Florida tell of a cranky, difficult man (as do later Foreign Office handwritten annotations) so why did companies and officialdom bother with him? Perhaps it was because he was a gentleman, well connected and usually industrious, although oddly described as 'lazy' in one wonderfully upfront job appraisal.
Casement's early days as an adventurer and trader in Africa are explored in a section of the book that breaks new ground. Ó Síocháin records an intriguing range of description written by bosses and colleagues. This was when Casement was in his early twenties and working for the Sanford Exploring Expedition, and later for Baptist missionaries. They range from "upright and honourable," "willing and obliging," "a Christian man and an exceedingly pleasant man," to "recently led to Christ," "too much of a boy," "a scapegoat for everyone's faults," "utterly useless as a trader" and "very good and patient with the natives."
It is plain that even then Casement aroused strong feelings both for and against. What seems constant is a person of liberal sensibilities combining them with a near truculent set of certainties that led to tensions wherever he went. Ó Síocháin admits that occasionally Casement's views were intemperate. Although a relatively benign colonialist, he is recorded here on a punitive expedition for Leopold's State in 1886 to a village that left eleven dead.
The author knows more about Casement in the Congo than any other but he also knows the complexity of colonialism. He infers that although Leopold's Belgians were undoubtedly brutal in their exploitative trading and taxing, the British and French could be and were mercilessly military. And the Arab oppressors of Africans, whom Casement rather came to favour, were of course enthusiastic slavers. Not to mention the Portuguese and the Germans neither of whose methods was pretty.
Leopold is blamed for millions of dead but estimates of recent casualties in the Congo run to some four million, which is not so different. Perhaps kleptocrats like Mobutu are preferable to the chaos of revolution. Better the secular devil you know like Sadaam Hussein?
Casement's part in the Boer War is properly illuminated for the first time, particularly his somewhat freelance, sabotage scheme. This involved the aborted, and possibly unnecessary, blowing up of the railway line to Mozambique, which he advocated so fiercely and successfully to Lord Milner.
Ó Síocháin correctly disputes one commentator's view that "most of his biographers have openly disliked Casement in a way almost unique in the genre." That view is perhaps better stated by saying that no historian comes to Casement or leaves him, without revealing their own prejudices, be they derived from nationalism, unionism, or socialist anti-imperialism. This author however comes close to objectivity as befits a senior academic, although it annoyed the Irish Times reviewer who felt the book was insufficiently subjective.
He (Frank Callanan) remarked of Ó Síocháin's approach: "It commits him to avoiding a sustained engagement with much of the modern scholarship on Casement's career and thought, and leaves the reader somewhat adrift at the outset." This might be true in relation to continuing or re-awakening controversies such as the 1st World War or Leopold, but not of others which are largely settled or undisputed.
What this biography does constitute is a readable reference book, something of an encyclopaedia for anyone wanting to investigate areas of Casement's career more closely. It comes in the form of a dateline narrative. An invaluable work unlikely to be equalled, libraries, particularly those in Irish schools and colleges, should have a copy.
The lack of much analytic or partisan criticism of Casement's actions may be because most writers have sympathised with him, or at least his aims, and where they have not, as in the case of René MacColl, he was written off as intemperate, English, and just a journalist. The American Pulitzer Prize winner, B.L. Reid, does deconstruct Casement psychologically, in novelised prose, but leaves the politics relatively unscathed. Seriously academic, yet lightly written, this book is definitely not journalistic.
Ó Síocháin recognises "Casement's tendency to rant" and the fact of his voluminous correspondence. He rarely makes criticism, so when he does, it stands out, and must be taken especially seriously. Other people's reproaches are provided. One telling admonition quoted, to Casement on Ulster, is that from Mitchell Innes, a sympathetic diplomatic colleague: "You lash yourself with your own eloquence, till the pain makes you forget everything else…That which to you is natural and right, to Carson is intolerable and wicked."
In self-confirmation of his extremism, Casement in 1912 wrote to his Scottish friend Lady Constance Emmott in a depressed state of mind, "I am dour beyond words and litigious to that degree that I would pick holes in – well I can't call up the immensity I should not attack."3
The author recalls that Joseph Conrad (who shared a billet with Casement in the Congo) described him in one of his oft-quoted remarks as being "all emotion." Another contemporary remarked in 1917 that he "could indulge his rage but could not bear long malice" while an African colleague said he was always "sweet tempered and ready to help." A German observer wrote Casement's belief in his fellow human beings "led him to completely trust everyone he met."
It seems that Casement was essentially a thoughtful, nice guy, if at times naïve. He was not inherently unstable as some have written (although he became mentally distressed in Germany) but extremity of view made him dangerous to his enemies and himself.
Joseph Conrad also remarked of Casement in 1903, "He could tell you things! Things I have tried to forget; things I never did know" describing him as having "a touch of the conquistador." Ó Síocháin says Conrad was guilty of contributing to a romanticisation of Casement in his early descriptions. In his later, somewhat crass, view of Casement, prejudiced by his anti-Germanism, Conrad retained none of that romance. His anglophilia took command.
This illuminating extract is from a Conrad letter of October 1918 to John Quinn, the Irish-American lawyer and art collector:
The Irishmen would not be conciliated. That's a fact. And I don't presume to judge whether they were right or not. I only know that they took the money and went on cursing the oppressor with renewed zest. Their able men scrupled not to make their careers in England and exploit all the advantages that arose from a connection with a great and prosperous empire.
I have seen those things, I, who also spring from an oppressed race where oppression was not a matter of history but a crushing fact in the daily life of all individuals, made still more bitter by declared hatred and contempt. A very different thing from an historical sense of wrong and a blundering administration, which last I will admit if you like.
…I can't help asking myself, if Gladstone's Home Rule Bill had passed what our position would be now, with an independent power (for it would have come to that by this) with an army and a navy just across St. George's Channel, still nursing a sense of historical wrong as their dearest possession and chumming up with Germany in sheer lightness of heart and for the sake of a jolly good fight. However they will get their independence, I haven't the slightest doubt, in some way or another…Don't be angry for my sally at the Irish. I wish them all possible happiness."
As an exponent in the colonial world of the 3Cs – Commerce, Christianity and Civilisation – Casement was an unremarkable enthusiast. This book deals successfully with his efforts to advance those Cs, be it his work with missionaries, his assistance, if at times reluctant, to British traders, and his endeavours on behalf of benighted British and Belgian Africans.
The early British imperialist changed to anti-imperialist after the Boer War. Yet Casement was rarely an anti-imperial absolutist except in relation to Ireland (and then from his teens). He is quoted in praise of the civilising potential of Germany and its Teutonic virtues. That naïve view was however to be tested and broken in Berlin when he found the German military and civil service to be hopelessly inflexible and unimaginative.
The author's researches have led him to the discovery of previously unseen or unnoticed caches of Casement documents which he uses to good effect. He spotted manuscripts in Farmleigh House in Dublin, while in Cushendall came across a remnant of some of the material4 scattered around North Antrim after the deaths of Casement's cousin Gertrude Parry and her Protestant nationalist friends Ada McNeill and Margaret Dobbs. In TCD he unearthed decades of letters to Fritz Pincus ("bald-headed, Wagner loving, fiddle playing Pincus") a German trader whom Casement knew and assisted in Mozambique, plus the lad's actual schoolbooks of 1873.
The Pincus letters are heavily drawn on to give a work-related yet private picture of Casement and to explain his growing opposition to the British in South Africa. It was the "brainless noodles of ultra-English 'society' officials" and "the Milner type of young man" which turned him, along with the use of Chinese indentured labour and its attendant cruelties. This is not to mention the crushing of the Zulu revolt in 1906 with its "abominable cowardly butchery" done to please "the panic-struck 'Loyalists'. God's wrath upon all 'Loyalists' – the brand is always the same."
One of the book's most noticeable features is the constant refrain of illness, sick leave, special leave and plain ordinary leave sought, and obtained, by Casement. The author quotes numerous applications being made to London. For example, in November 1897 only two days back in his Mozambique post after six months holiday, Casement was requesting sick leave for an operation which never took place.
"Flaringly armadillo" are the words scribbled on the Foreign Office copy. Sadly nothing frank like that can now be noted on official papers – the downside of our Freedom of Information laws. Barring November 1897, Casement was to be away for eighteen months which is quite a length even by today's public sector standards. This was all of a part with his somewhat lordly manner – and his moveable ailments.
The book's maps of the Congo in particular, but also of Brazil and the Putumayo, are the best yet published. Both river regions lack focus to the outsider, being so vast and literally meandering. In the Amazon's case the problem is exacerbated by the Putumayo acting as a frontier now between three countries, after re-alignments following border wars over the last century, so one is grateful for the clarity these maps provide.
The cover is especially memorable and warming. Coloured orange, it has two photographs in Italian ragged style depicting Casement as long, lean and distant. Both were taken on mission when he was worn and stressed. They make him look somewhat odd or eccentric and belie most others where he appears serene and regal.
Earlier this year, BBC Radio Ulster's Book Programme with William Crawley in the chair reviewed Roger Casement: Imperialist, Rebel, Revolutionary. Crawley asked of Casement, "Can he be rescued?" Eamon Phoenix, the historian of Belfast nationalism said, "Yes, he is rescued from the stain of the Black Diaries" and felt it was a "splendid book." He alluded to Casement's "big house background" and of him being a "proconsul in Britain's colonial service" yet who "never opened his knighthood scroll."5 Phoenix described Casement accurately as "meticulous, and a brand leader in his humanitarian objective" but plainly felt his sexuality could not be integrated into the narrative.
Ó Síocháin's scrutiny of the Black Diaries, coming as he does from an Irish-speaking, progressive, and anthropological background is refreshingly candid, if briefer than many readers would wish, being some seventeen pages in an appendix.
Indeed the audience for the diary controversy is probably many times greater than that interested in Casement's anti-slavery work or his involvement in Irish politics. I know, to my chagrin, that the considerable sections I wrote on Casement in Ulster and his part in the Easter Rising (with much new material) went largely unnoticed or unremarked. Reviewers concentrated on the diaries aspect, except ironically in Gay Times.
Of the diaries, the author accepts they "cast a long shadow" over Casement adding bluntly, "I am convinced, on the available evidence, of their authenticity and of the record therein of a robust sexual life." He briskly covers the forgery theories, including interpolation, and dismisses them all. His is a commonsensical analysis and he concludes, "I take them to be genuine."
Unconvinced nationalists complain of the emphasis on the Black Diaries in writings on Casement's life (and of the tiresome homosexual aspect) not realising that by producing and convoluting forgery theories they ensure that what they hate only acquires new legs.
Ó Síocháin uses the Black Diaries to expand and deepen understanding of Casement's reasoning and decision-making in the three key years of 1903, 1910 and 1911 when he was reporting to the government from the Congo and Peru. That resource is invaluable for an historian and, of course, lost to those forgery advocates who deny themselves the extra information and detail the journals provide. However like all intimate writings, they reveal much of a self-centred nature and little heroism. Heroes should not be seen to do sex.
The author believes, maturely, that the expressions in the diaries "of longing and remembrance could not have been sustained by any forger." He then quotes BL Reid's memorable phrasing, "This matter of wholeness or homogeneity cannot be demonstrated by piecemeal analysis, it has to be felt in its own experience of a total texture."
Later he asks rhetorically, "Is it conceivable that any forger could have replicated the Kikongo phrases incorporated into the diary, phrases which have a sexual reference? …Is it at all conceivable that the process of forgery continued up to 1959, long after Casement's execution, as has been claimed by a few?" Nothing of what the author writes can be faulted except perhaps an over-reliance on the more prurient statements about Casement and Adler provided to MI5 by Oslo hotel staff. And he restates the simplest truth – the diaries are far too extensive to have been forged
Some reviewers have expressed disappointment at this book's relative brevity, indeed brusqueness, on the diaries, as the authenticity question remains one of the world's great controversies. The brusqueness seems to be in response to the lack of evidence provided by forgery theorists and the unacademic techniques they employ. They doubt every fact regardless of its provenance. Historians cannot be expected to muster, long after the event, evidence sufficient to convince a criminal case jury ('beyond a reasonable doubt') but the forgery school expects it.
The case for forgery is analysed by addressing, in particular, Angus Mitchell's "long list of supposed discrepancies and contradictions" in his 1910 documentation book Amazon Journal. Ó Síocháin disposes of most but is not sufficiently unkind to accuse forgery proponents of lacking common sense or of bad faith. He does call their arguments "tendentious."
The Peruvian writer, Mario Vargas Llosa, recently announced that he intends to write a novel on Casement in the Congo. However the little he said was sufficient to make one fear what silliness it might contain. He could do no better than to consult this book, and its Congo-specific predecessor.
Indeed the novelist is best-advised, knowing his own country, to write about Casement in Iquitos or on the Putumayo, and the Indian tribes he did so much to protect from extreme cruelty. Exploiters like Senator Julio Arana and the bestial Armando Normand, who made Leopold's Congo look comparatively benign, could usefully be represented fictionally, especially as the same Indians remain vulnerable.
By 1912, with two humanitarian investigations under his belt Casement had become bigger than his consular career so a return to Rio was unacceptable but it was all that London would offer. He resigned, in two minds about what to do next. Looming developments in Ireland ended up shaping the remainder of his life.
The author provides a coherent picture of Casement's part in developing the Irish Volunteers from 1913, although less emphasis is placed on his important role in their arming. An extensive picture is given of the consul criss-crossing the island, speaking in many cities, towns and villages. His presence seemed almost an essential to such gatherings and parades. Little wonder that Dublin Castle and the RIC came to see Casement as a prime mover of the Rising.
An illustration of his outlook, a combination of the self-deluding and the effective, is when he wrote in June 1914 that he and Eoin MacNeill had "brought the gospel of the gun to Ireland and it is the Gospel of patriotism and good will. An armed Ireland will be a friendly Ireland." Later in the month Casement did recognise, "the hand that holds the rifle will be much mightier than that dipping the pen." In his denunciations of the Irish Parliamentary Party ("solely for office") there are echoes of those opposing Sinn Féin in government in Belfast, which makes one wonder if a reborn Casement might not be a dissident Republican (short of bombing).
I suspect the author is somewhat nervous of the northern or Ulster question and avoids significant commentary on Casement's activities in that respect. This is a pity, especially as we seem to be entering a post-revisionist era.
Angus Mitchell in his harsh review in History Ireland, writes that Casement's "evolution into a revolutionary however and the deep veneration his name commanded in IRA ranks prevent him from achieving the legitimacy his life deserves." This of course misses the point entirely. It is his Irish separatist revolutionism, successful within five years of his execution that gives him enormous legitimacy and justified his political and military work in Germany and Ireland. This even if he remains unburied at Murlough Bay in Co. Antrim, his chosen grave site for nearly a century, revealing his one great failure – partition. Without Ireland (and the diaries) his official reports and his unofficial campaigns around them would be a dim memory.
Ó Síocháin devotes some sixty pages to the German period of 1914-16. He confirms that the foolish Findlay affair – Adler Christensen's attempt to make money by going to the British Minister in Christiania (Oslo) to betray Casement, meant he "was losing sight of the key goals of his mission." Casement unwisely believed Christensen, his Norwegian companion and erstwhile sexual partner, when he claimed the British had sought him out on their arrival in Norway from America. Months were spent hunting Findlay down, contrary to his US instructions.
Adler's later perfidy was to be relayed by John Devoy in a letter of 19 December 1915,6 giving chapter and verse on his blatant thieving and frauds. Devoy wrote, "Unfortunately, the proof is conclusive and overwhelming that he has been swindling us and recklessly and foolishly lying." It was probably this information the Germans used to try and frighten Casement.
Devoy, who was never as fond of Casement as the more extreme Irish-American leader Joseph McGarrity, later accused Casement of nearly wrecking the Easter Rising and made it plain to two of the Gifford sisters7 in New York in late 1916 that he knew Casement was homosexual. Referring to Birkenhead's calling Casement an "Oscar Wilde," he said "Oh well, its all true, every word of it. I know it is."8
If Findlay was a distraction, Germany's less than total enthusiasm for Irish independence, let alone armed rebellion, was one that baffled and disillusioned Casement. A wiser man would have recognised that neither party was interested in the other's plight, and simply had a common enemy in England. Ó Síocháin says accurately the German outlook was based "less on idealistic considerations than on a hard-nosed assessment of its potential to weaken the British war-effort."
Another suggestion is that the lukewarm or confused German help was due more to the notion of a future deal with England than cackhandedness. Nonetheless Casement, now hopelessly despondent, felt he was being "fooled and used by a most selfish and unscrupulous government."
But Casement had achieved a Declaration from the Imperial Chancellor on Ireland and its "people for whom Germany desires only national prosperity and freedom." Writing, "my country can only gain from my treason," Casement justifiably crowed, "The blow struck today for Ireland must change the course of British policy towards that country. Things will never be quite the same."9 He had successfully put the cause of Ireland on an international plane.
Of all the areas of Casement's life, his time in Germany and the Easter Rising remains the most elusive. Judgments still need to be made and mysteries, not to mention time sequences, resolved. The author says he had a peripheral position in the Rising. This may be true geographically but not otherwise. Casement made it possible (also by arming Óglaigh na hÉireann twice) and nearly thwarted it.
Ó Síocháin suggests that Casement was eventually provided with passage on a submarine to Ireland to give him "a better chance of evading capture." This was once the Germans knew they could not get shot of the Irish Brigade on the arms ship due to Casement's relentless opposition to his men fighting in Ireland. At the same time the U-Boat was to rendezvous with the arms ship, indicating, as the author says, that the Germans were keen not to risk Casement warning "the planners of the rising about the meagreness of German help." This of course made the submarine an entirely useless exercise as it was desired by Casement to get ahead of the arms ship.
The "evading capture" explanation is inadequate, as the German navy knew Casement had already sent a messenger to Dublin, John McGoey, to try and get the Rising called off. Maybe the Admiralty was aware McGoey had been detained in Germany or perhaps unlike the General Staff they did not want to get involved in the politics. Either way McGoey disappeared.
McGoey's movements remain unclear. Did the Germans eliminate him or was he executed by the British in Scotland as Republicans allege?10 And that is not to mention the fate of the remaining fifty members of the Irish Brigade. Another unanswered question is whether in Germany, Casement maintained any of his previously vigorous sexual activities, and if not, why not?
The role, motives and later life of four other of his associates need researched further. The first is the London Irishman, Daniel Julian Bailey (nom de guerre Beverley) who accompanied Casement and Monteith on the submarine and was also charged with high treason. After Casement was sentenced to death, F.E. Smith11 suddenly dropped the case against Bailey and he was acquitted. His claim that he only joined the Irish Brigade as an opportunity to get back to Blighty was unlikely to say the least, but for no clear reason Smith decided not to hang a second traitor.
The second is Adler Christensen who attempted to betray Casement again after his capture in 1916, this time at the British consulate in Philadelphia. Adler lingers on for six more years at least, amazingly unscathed, and still trying to wheedle money out of Joe McGarrity.
The third is Corporal Timothy Quinlisk of the Irish Brigade, executed in February 1920 in Cork by Thomas McCurtain as an alleged British spy. Casement initially reckoned Quinlisk a rogue. He was 18 and a Wexford boy educated at a Christian Brothers school – "of a R.I.C. stock! Father and grandfather both sold to the British govt…His younger brother, only 17, was shot through the heart near La Bassie. He saw him killed." Latterly he reckoned Quinlisk "a fine type – brave and fearless."12
Finally there is the Bavarian schoolboy Max Zehndler who appears to be being groomed by Casement if the clutch of letters and cards he received are anything to go by.
Angus Mitchell states, in a dab of conspiracy, that Casement's "prosecution required the highest paid legal minds in the country to collaborate in fast tracking him to the gallows." However F.E. Smith was the Attorney General and someone who was expected to lead for the prosecution in such high profile cases. He of course did.
Casement's problem was not his prosecutor but who to get to defend him, or whether a more political defence against Carson's Galloper might have been of benefit. Disputed or unnoticed, Timothy Healy KC MP declined to take the brief as indicated by Casement's cousin Gertrude Bannister who wrote, "Mrs Green attempted to get Sir John Simon to undertake it but he refused. Mr Tim Healy was also approached but returned the same answer."13
So Casement ended up with his solicitor George Gavan Duffy's brother-in-law, Serjeant Sullivan, who loathed his politics and was insufficiently senior. Sullivan ultimately admitted Casement never told him anything about his homosexuality or the diaries. Whether Casement would have been better to defend himself, like Slobodan Milosevic at the Hague Court, is a moot point.
Oddly, Yeats did not sign any public petition for clemency but pleaded, somewhat disingenuously, with Herbert Samuel, the Home Secretary, in a letter of 14 July 1916 which read in part:
I have never before written to an English Minister on an Irish question, but I am convinced that the execution of Sir Roger Casement will have so evil an effect that I break the habit of years. I have worked most of my life precisely among that type of young man and woman which is today under the belief that the late rebellion was repressed with great harshness, becoming more and more disaffected. These young people, on whom perhaps the intellectual life of Ireland depends, are less likely to be restrained by fear than excited by sympathy.
There is such a thing as the vertigo of self-sacrifice. The evil has been done, it cannot be undone, but it needs not to be aggravated weeks afterwards with every circumstance of deliberation…Whether England has or has not been as harsh as much Irish and American opinion believes is not a historical question which has no implications for the moment. The pardon of Sir Roger Casement, upon the other hand may give an opportunity for moderate opinion in Ireland to recover something of its weight.
That Casement remains a continuing problem for Sinn Féin and Irish separatism in general, is instanced by Belfast Gay Pride's Question Time in July. This annual meeting showcases the political parties, except of course for the DUP.
Bairbre de Brún, Sinn Fein's Northern Ireland MEP first said that she did not know if the Casement diaries (which she had read) were genuine or forged. When she came under serious cross-examination (again by the BBC's William Crawley) she faltered in mid-sentence and changed her mind to say they were authentic. Presumably this was her view all along. It seems she felt she could no longer hide behind a party line given the audience's potential to turn on her for holding a homophobic view – albeit coming from a time when almost everybody was homophobic, including most gays!
That Sinn Féin line was originally adopted because to be gay before the 1970s was to be a pervert, and probably British to boot. Her swivelling may encourage others in the party to be more honest, which can only be of use both in creating positive role models for young gay nationalists and removing another barrier to better Anglo-Irish relations. With this grievance gone, gays in the party may feel able to come out which they have so far conspicuously failed to do.
The author is generous to the present writer, seeming to acknowledge me as an expert on matters gay. In an anthropological sense, he appreciates my understanding of Casement and his sexual manners which is a rare and telling compliment from an outsider.
Where Ulster is concerned, the British and Irish Communist Organisation (BICO), proponents of the two nations theory, should disapprove of Casement – a total one-nationist, as only a Protestant nationalist can be.
BICO in its most recent formation, the Irish Political Review (published by Athol Books) is now an enthusiast for Fianna Fail and Sinn Féin, determined to stymie the Irish historical revisionist school of Roy Foster, Peter Hart and Paul Bew. Where Ireland and England are concerned, BICO (along with the more traditional Roger Casement Foundation) reckons Casement to be a model of anti-English policy and prescience and he has become their icon. Sadly they have also felt obliged to believe in and argue the forgery theory, which leaves their key concurrences with Casement on Home Rule and the 1st World War looking dotty.
The book's referencing is exceptional and well presented including, usefully, a list of items consulted in each library or primary source. The author is excellent on names and British titles, which often stump the Irish and the non-academic. It is effectively indexed barring one mistake regarding Millar Gordon (Casement's Belfast boyfriend).
The indexer is plainly not used to the Presbyterian habit of turning mothers' maiden names, such as 'Millar,' into sons' Christian names. On close perusal, this reader has only noticed half a dozen errors or misapprehensions in perhaps 25,000 facts, which is amazing given such an enormous number. Other authors should be envious.
An interesting fact that contradicts one of Angus Mitchell's notions is not present. That is that Millar Gordon signed the Ulster Covenant in 1912. This is confirmed through PRONI's invaluable electronic archive. Mitchell had suggested that Millar most likely became an ardent Nationalist and used his motor cycling skills in the service of the Irish Volunteers.
This discovery is an example of the new electronically searchable archives that are only coming on stream and which can answer questions no researcher would previously have had the resources to discover. It challenges the assertion Mitchell makes in his July History Ireland review that "the archive has played the crucial role in the privileging of a dominant narrative convenient to Anglo-Irish relations."
One other of the Casement mysteries is not solved in this book, and that is the origin of his mother, Annie Jephson, who was probably a Dublin Protestant yet became, a possibly secret, Catholic early in her marriage. Her background remains obscure, and was deceptively detailed to Casement within the family, yet her reassigned religion was surely significant in the making of his nationalism. His eponymous father also remains somewhat shadowy. He was certainly liberal and seemingly nationally-minded but after he quit the army, jobless and bitter.
Little known, but intriguing facts crop up in the numerous footnotes which can often be the most enthralling part of a biographical history. A good example is when Ó Síocháin reveals that one of Casement's post-defection Foreign Office trackers was Sir Arthur Nicolson, described by one writer as "a vehement Ulsterman" – although he was Scottish. Married to a Miss Rowan Hamilton (presumably from Killyleagh), he turns out to be the husband of Victoria Sackville West and father of Harold Nicolson MP, himself both gay and a famous diarist.
Literary history, or historical detective work, its poor cousin, is exampled at its recent finest by Charles Nicholl's The Lodger detailing Shakespeare's sojourn with Huguenot hatters and the small but discernible influence it had on his plays and his love life. It explains why researching Casement can be so fascinating and fulfilling.
This may well be the last of a very long line of Casement books, certainly until the centenary of the Easter Rising when we can expect a veritable harvest of reprints and new histories. Indeed it is the best in the sense of objective biography.
That 100th anniversary of the Rising will represent a centenary of success where Irish separatism, so effectively argued and developed by Casement, is concerned. 2016 will however be a moment when usually melancholy Unionists, have something to celebrate in that they escaped the grey skies of an Irish Republic for ten decades. But this was to be at a terrible price in terms of a very long war and inordinate casualties.
It remains worth assessing where and how Casement got it so monumentally wrong on the Ulster Protestants and thus failed to fully separate the island.
What is yet to be said after Séamas Ó Síocháin's biography? All individual Casement themes have been pretty well mined. But the diaries controversy continues unabated, particularly in the pages of the Irish Political Review. So Casement will not be going away.
Mitchell in the conclusion to his review calls for a multi-volume issue of his writings (as done recently for Wolfe Tone). This book stands in admirably for such a multi-volume work. Casement's writing and correspondence are too extensive. At times an original letter, a holograph copy, a typed transcript and a photocopy are in four different archives! What he next merits is a comprehensive and annotated catalogue.
1. Roger Casement: The Black Diaries – with a Study of his Background, Sexuality, and Irish Political Life . It includes Casement's never-before-published 1911 diary.
2. One unmentioned change is that the NLI's key Accession 4902 has now been fully catalogued and renumbered. It can now be found in 'Roger Casement Additional Papers Collection List No. 103' in fourteen folders, 36,199-36,212. It includes extensive correspondence with Richard Morten, Francis Cowper, Alice Stopford Green and Gertrude Bannister.
3. PRONI T/3072/9. Lady Constance was the Duke of Argyll's daughter and sister-in-law of Alfred, Lord Emmott, a Liberal politician and Casement friend.
4. These are the Oliver McMullan papers, which contain part of the lost 1881 Casement Scribbling Book.
5. Actually it was Casement's CMG medal case of 1905 that he never opened. London had the gall to ask for it back in 1916 but it could not be found before the execution. It is now in the NLI.
6. NLI MS 13073/44/viii. Devoy's letter was not received by Casement until 19 February 1916.
7. The Gifford sisters who were originally Protestant were Grace (later Plunkett), Muriel (later MacDonagh), Nellie (later Donnelly), and Sydney (later Czira). The first two married signatories of the Easter Rising proclamation and were thus to be widowed. Sydney was resident in America and Nellie visited in 1916, so it is probably these two who saw Devoy.
8. This conversation was reported in a letter from Nina Newman (Casement's sister) to her cousin Gertrude Parry née Bannister (NLI MS 13075/4).
9. NLI MS 13084
10. Evidence just recently uncovered indicates McGoey survived the war but what he did after supposedly leaving Germany for Ireland in April 1916 remains unknown.
11. F.E. Smith became the 1st Lord Birkenhead in 1919 when appointed Lord Chancellor.
12. NLI MSS 1689 and 1690
13. NLI MS 7946
Jeffrey Dudgeon lives in Belfast and was the winning plaintiff in 1981 at the European Court of Human Rights at Strasbourg in a case against the British government. This resulted in the decriminalisation of homosexuality in Northern Ireland and was the first successful gay human rights case in Europe. His book on Roger Casement is available at amazon.co.uk


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What's OnThings to do
whats-on, things-to-do,
John Kennedy is the writer and performer of many fine songs, some of which have found a place in the hearts of music fans of the golden era of Australian independent music. Kennedy started his music career in Brisbane in the '80s with his band JFK and the Cuban Crisis. He moved to Sydney and, when the band broke up, moved on to a strong solo career. Kennedy has been very active in the last years with three new album releases: JFK and the Midlife Crisis, a second best-of album called appropriately Second Best; and this year Raining Treasure, with covers of songs by the Triffids, Paul Kelly, the Go-Betweens and many others. Kennedy will perform songs from across his career at Blackheath Bar & Bistro on Saturday, November 16 from 7.30pm. Free.
https://nnimgt-a.akamaihd.net/transform/v1/crop/frm/8bGEiHWLyUjrk3bpemiXyX/32b35793-aae5-471e-b5ec-42c4f8652906.jpg/r3_53_998_615_w1200_h678_fmax.jpg
November 8 2019 - 11:00AM
Heart and soul of indie music
John Kennedy: Free show at the Blackheath Bar and Bistro.
John Kennedy is the writer and performer of many fine songs, some of which have found a place in the hearts of music fans of the golden era of Australian independent music.
Kennedy started his music career in Brisbane in the '80s with his band JFK and the Cuban Crisis. He moved to Sydney and, when the band broke up, moved on to a strong solo career.
Kennedy has been very active in the last years with three new album releases: JFK and the Midlife Crisis, a second best-of album called appropriately Second Best; and this year Raining Treasure, with covers of songs by the Triffids, Paul Kelly, the Go-Betweens and many others.
Kennedy will perform songs from across his career at Blackheath Bar & Bistro on Saturday, November 16 from 7.30pm. Free.
RFS captain's road to recovery
Two people struck by lightning near Echo Point
White-out on airfield lease
Seniors Festival is an opportunity to connect with community
Blackheath Australia Day to help bushfire recovery
Chambers join forces to help small business
Blue Mountains Gazette


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Fantastic soap, I am normally prone to being bitten over the summer and them getting infected however using this everyday prevented it completely, I didn't get attacked once was so pleased!
Although I usually like a bar of Classic in the shower, I decided to take a bar of Bug Off away with me on a week-long walking holiday in Wales. As the temperatures soared, so did the bugs! They'd still blunder into me as I walked along, but it was noticeable that they didn't want to settle or bite. My unhappy companion, who didn't have a bar of Bug Off, was not so lucky. Would buy again.
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Items where Subject is "V300 History by topic"
V300 History by topic (19)
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Beccalossi, Chiara (2018) Transitional States: Hormones at the Crossroads of Art and Science. [Impact]
Cameron, Lorna (2020) Do our buildings make us? Covid-19 and the courts reforms. Counsel, May 20 . pp. 29-31. ISSN 0268-3784
Chapman, Jane (2013) Gender, citizenship and newspapers: historical and transnational perspectives. Palgrave Studies in the History of the Media . Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke, UK. ISBN 9780230232440
Chapman, Jane (2011) Representation of female war-time bravery in Australia's Wanda the War Girl. Australasian Journal of Popular Culture, 1 (2). pp. 153-163. ISSN 2045-5852
Chapman, Jane (2016) The Aussie, 1918-1931: cartoons, digger remembrance and First World War identity. Journalism Studies, 17 (4). pp. 415-431. ISSN 1461-670X
Chapman, Jane (2014) Representation of female wartime bravery in Australia's Wanda the War Girl and Jane at War from the UK. In: Fashion and war in popular culture. Intellect Publishing, Bristol, pp. 21-34. ISBN 9781841507514
Chapman, Jane (2010) The origins of a public voice for marginalised workers in French India, 1935-37. Web Journal of French Media Studies (WJFMS), 8 . ISSN 1460-6550
Chapman, Jane and Ellin, Daniel (2012) Multi-panel comic narratives in Australian First World War trench publications as citizen journalism. Australian Journal of Communication, 39 (3). pp. 1-22. ISSN 0811-6202
Crawford, Sally and Lewis, Carenza (2009) Childhood studies and the Society for the Study of Childhood in the Past. Childhood in the Past, 1 . pp. 5-16. ISSN 1758-5716
Crossley, Alice (2011) Victorian Valentines: From Sentiment to Satire. [Impact]
Crossley, Alice (2017) Sent with Love/Hate: Victorian Valentines: Harlaxton Gold Room Lecture 2017. [Video]
Grandy, Christine (2019) Cultural History's Absent Audience. Cultural and Social History, 16 (5). pp. 643-663. ISSN 1478-0038
Hughes, Heather (2001) How the Welsh became white in South Africa: immigration, identity and economic transformation from the 1860s to the 1930s. Transactions of the Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion: Trafodion Anrhydeddus Gymdeithas y Cymmrodorion, 7 . pp. 112-127. ISSN 0959-3632
Lewis, Carenza (2009) Children's play in the later medieval countryside. Childhood in the Past, 2 (1). pp. 86-108. ISSN 1758-5716
Liuzzo Scorpo, Antonella (2011) Religious frontiers and overlapping cultural borders: the power of personal and political exchanges in the works of Alfonso X of Castile (1252–1284). Al-Masaq: Islam and the Medieval Mediterranean, 23 (3). pp. 217-236. ISSN 0950-3110
Liuzzo Scorpo, Antonella (2013) A companion to the medieval world (ed. Carol Lansing and Edward D. English. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell, 2009; pp. 584). English Historical Review, 128 (530). pp. 107-109. ISSN 0013-8266
Morris, Nigel (2017) Schindler's Ark. In: Books to Film. Gale, Cengage Learning, Farmington Hills, MI. ISBN UNSPECIFIED
Stephenson, Paul (2016) Byzantine icons and things. Oxford Art Journal . ISSN 0142-6540
Taylor, Laurie, Haydock, William, Mansell, James, Thompson, Marie and Egerton, Jayne (2017) Age of noise [Thinking Allowed with Laurie Taylor, William Haydock, James Mansell, and Marie Thompson, BBC Radio 4]. [Audio]


JERVOIS COURT is located at 101 - 101G JERVOIS ROAD in district 10 (Bukit Timah, Grange, Holland) of Singapore. JERVOIS COURT is a Condo development.
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Promyelocytic leukemia protein interacts with the apoptosis-associated speck-like protein to limit inflammasome activation.
The apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase-activating recruitment domain (ASC) is an essential component of several inflammasomes, multiprotein complexes that regulate caspase-1 activation and inflammation. We report here an interaction between promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML) and ASC. We observed enhanced formation of ASC dimers in PML-deficient macrophages. These macrophages also display enhanced levels of ASC in the cytosol. Furthermore, IL-1β production was markedly enhanced in these macrophages in response to both NLRP3 and AIM2 inflammasome activation and following bone marrow-derived macrophage infection with herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) and Salmonella typhimurium. Collectively, our data indicate that PML limits ASC function, retaining ASC in the nucleus.


This 2017 Clio Awards Silver winning entry titled 'The Hearing Test In Disguise' was entered for Cochlear by CHE Proximity, Australia , AU, part of agency network: BBDO and holding company: Omnicom Group. The piece was submitted to the medium: Digital/Mobile within the entry type: Product/Service and the category: Microsite. It consists of 1 video and 1 image.