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Driving Biomedical Projects
Empirical Nanotube Model for Biological Applications
Figure 1: Structure of nanotubes
Introduction to Carbon Nanotubes
A single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) can be imagined as a seamless cylinder formed by a hexagonal graphite layer (see Fig. 1). Only a few nm's in diameter, a SWNT can grow as long as several microns making it a perfect one-dimensional material. Recently, growth of mm to cm scale long SWNTs has also been reported. Depending on the synthesis procedures, SWNTs may nest inside each other to form "Russian dolls", known as multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs). After the discovery of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in 1991, the world envisioned a rapid growth of nanotube research. Both theoretical and experimental investigations show that the unique structure gives nanotubes remarkable mechanical, electronic, and optical properties. The strong covalent bonds between carbon atoms of CNTs lead to a high Young's modulus close to 1.25 TPa, about five times the value of steel. In contrast to ordinary materials, different types of SWNTs can be either metallic or semiconducting. The high aspect ratio (length / diameter) qualifies CNTs as excellent field emission devices. Due to these amazing properties, CNTs have so many applications: field effect transistor, nanoelectromechanical systems, flat-panel display,chemical sensor, biosensor, molecular channel, hydrogen fuel cell, to name a few.
SWNTs can be classified according to how they are mapped into a single graphite layer. Considering the hexagonal lattice shown at the bottom of Fig. 1, the unit vectors of the lattice are defined by a1 and a2 with the C-C bond length being 1.42 Å. A SWNT is constructed by rolling the graphite layer along a certain direction Ch = n a1 + m a2 making OB and AB' coincide. Perpendicular to Ch, the vector T points to the long axis of the SWNT. Ch and T are referred as chiral vector and translational vector, respectively. Together they define the unit cell of a SWNT as the rectangle OAB'B. The chiral indices (n, m) are commonly used to label SWNTs. Alternatively, one can use , the chiral angle between a1 and Ch to classify SWNTs. Due to the C6 symmetry of the hexagonal lattice, | | ≤ 300. SWNTs with =300 or =00 have the highest symmetry, known as armchair (Fig. 1a) or zigzag nanotubes (Fig. 1b). For the rest, they are generally referred as chiral nanotubes (Fig. 1c). It is well-known from tight-binding (TB) theory that a SWNT is metallic when (n - m) is a multiple of 3. Otherwise, it is semiconducting.
Polarizable Carbon Nanotube Model
In order to study biological applications of SWNT segments such as artificial molecular channels conducting water, protons, ions, or polymers, one needs to develop an accurate and efficient model for SWNTs that can be used in conjunction with molecular dynamics simulations. Instead of picking available parameters from existing CHARMM or AMBER force fields, three additional factors need to be considered, namely, edge-saturation, atomic partial charges, and polarizability to yield a more realistic description of SWNTs. Chemically shortened SWNTs are saturated by carboxylic acid groups at the open ends, which prevents geometry reconstruction at the tube edges caused by the dangling bonds, so edge-saturation seems to be an appropriate choice for finite-length SWNTs. There could be a significant amount of charge transfer between the saturation group and the edge carbon atoms, therefore the atomic partial charges of the whole molecule have to be carefully determined. It is also important to include the polarizability, or dielectric response of SWNTs in the model, because SWNTs are highly polarizable due to their delocalized -electrons, which respond strongly to external fields. Theoretical investigations revealed that metallic nanotubes can effectively screen out the long range Coulomb potential along the axial direction, while screening effects in semiconducting tubes are weaker. Neglecting the polarization of SWNTs in molecular channel simulations could be problematic, because the filling and transport properties of small molecules are sensitive to their interactions with SWNTs.
In recent publications (1, 2), we developed a semi-empirical SWNT model suitable for studying biomolecular systems. In this model, SWNTs were saturated with hydrogen atoms and atomic partial charges (RESP charges) were parameterized for (6,6) SWNTs at various lengths. The dielectric response of a SWNT was calculated based on a self-consistent TB model, and good agreement is seen with that from density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The significance of the new SWNT model was illustrated by examining the interaction potential between a water molecule and a short (6,6) SWNT segment as well as the dynamics of a SWNT-K+ complex.
Figure 2: Interaction potential between a water molecule and a 15 Å long (6,6) SWNT.
SWNT Water Channel
In Fig. 2, we compare four interaction potential profiles:
(1) UL-J, van der Waals potential;
(2) U0, the static Coulomb interaction from bare atomic partial charges;
(3) Uind, the Coulomb potential from induced charges;
(4) Utot, the total interaction potential.
As one can see, UL-J is symmetric with a simple potential well of -4.34 kcal/mol in the middle of the tube, and U0 strongly affects the energetics of water entering the tube. At the left side, a water molecule encounters a shallow potential well of -0.44 kcal/mol followed by a high potential barrier of 2.97 kcal/mol. It experiences a small barrier and a deep well when entering the SWNT from the right side in the given, fixed orientation. In the middle of the tube, U0 is nearly vanishing. Uind has
Figure 3: Electrons of the SWNT dragged by a passing water molecule.
a similar shape as UL-J, but is an order of magnitude smaller. By putting them together, the major contribution of Utot stems from UL-J, but at the edges, the shape is dominated by U0. The charge transfer between hydrogen and carbon atoms creates bumps in Utot, which may slow down the transport of water molecules through SWNTs. Compared to the bare UL-J, the potential well of Utot is lowered by 0.55 kcal/mol mainly due to Uind. Previous studies indicated that water flow is primarily limited by the barriers at the entry and exit of the nanotube, so it is critical to include both UL-J and U0 near the tube edges. Although Uind is small compared to other contributions in Fig. 2, it becomes significant for ions and charged molecules. For instance, the interaction energy between a point charge of +e at the tube center and its image charges on the same SWNT segment as considered here is found to be 15.2 kcal/mol. External electric fields are commonly used to increase or decrease ion flow. Neglecting the screening ability of SWNTs should exaggerate the impact of external fields.
To have an intuitive view of the polarization effect of the SWNT, we show in Fig. 3 how the induced charges of the SWNT change as a water molecule is passing through the nanotube. The SWNT is colored according to induced charges (blue: positive, red: negative).
Figure 4: SWNT-K+ interaction potential and the force experienced by the ion.
Ion-Nanotube Terahertz Oscillator
A great example illustrating the polarization effect of SWNTs has been discovered recently by us (see reference). The example involves the motion of a potassium ion, K+, inside a SWNT segment as shown at the inset of Fig. 4. The dielectric response of the SWNT to the K+ was computed on-the-fly along with the motion of the ion. By positioning the ion along the nanotube long axis, we first examined the SWNT-K+ interaction potential. As shown in Fig. 4a, it is found that UL-J (defined above) is rather small and that the Coulomb potentials U0 and Uind are dominant. Although U0 exhibits a potential well inside the SWNT, a large access barrier of about 7.02 kcal/mol arising in UL-J + U0 seems to keep the potassium ion from entering the SWNT. When Uind is added, however, the access barrier drops to only 1.05 kcal/mol in Utot= UL-J + U0+Uind due to a considerable attraction between the K+ and the -electrons of the SWNT. Also, the potential well inside the SWNT becomes even more attractive with a minimum of about -30 kcal/mol. This picture has been validated by comparing the forces acting on the K+ from the suggested model and from the density functional theory. A good agreement is found as shown in Fig. 4b. When the polarization effect is neglected, the force (black curve in Fig. 4b) becomes much weaker.
In order to couple the quantum mechanical description of SWNT polarizability to the classical motion of the potassium ion, the instantaneous atomic partial charges of the SWNT are updated constantly as the sum of initial partial charges, q0, and induced charges, δq. Attention needs to be paid to the form of the classical force on the K+. Let us write down Uind explicitly as
where Q and , respectively, are the charge and coordinates of the K+, and the summation index, i, runs over all carbon atoms. In addition to the standard Coulomb force, an extra term appears proportional to the derivative of δq,
Figure 5: A potassium ion is oscillating inside a 16 angstrom long SWNT segment. (higher quality movie, 438 K)
The SWNT-K+ complex was simulated for 4.84 ps with a time step of 2 fs, employing the polarizable SWNT model. After being released 1.0 angstrom outside the SWNT with zero initial velocity, the ion is attracted by the potential well and begins to oscillate. During the simulation, the ion finished two complete oscillation cycles with a frequency of 0.43 THz. The motion of the ion naturally drags the electrons of the SWNT to oscillate at the same frequency. The oscillating motion of the ion and the fluctuation of the SWNT electrons are shown in Fig. 5 with carbon atoms colored according to their induced charges (red: negative; blue: positive). This terahertz nano-oscillator could serve as a THz wave detector which can operate at room temperature.
The role of molecular modeling in bionanotechnology. Deyu Lu, Aleksei Aksimentiev, Amy Y. Shih, Eduardo Cruz-Chu, Peter L. Freddolino, Anton Arkhipov, and Klaus Schulten. Physical Biology, 3:S40-S53, 2006. Ion-nanotube terahertz oscillator. Deyu Lu, Yan Li, Umberto Ravaioli, and Klaus Schulten. Physical Review Letters, 95:246801, 2005. (4 pages). Empirical nanotube model for biological applications. Deyu Lu, Yan Li, Umberto Ravaioli, and Klaus Schulten. Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 109:11461-11467, 2005. Screening of water dipoles inside finite-length armchair carbon nanotubes. Yan Li, Deyu Lu, Slava V. Rotkin, Klaus Schulten, and Umberto Ravaioli. Journal of Computational Electronics, 4:161-165, 2005. Finite-size effect and wall polarization in a carbon nanotube channel. Deyu Lu, Yan Li, Slava V. Rotkin, Umberto Ravaioli, and Klaus Schulten. Nano Letters, 4:2383-2387, 2004. Electronic structure and dielectric behavior of finite-length single-walled carbon nanotubes. Yan Li, Deyu Lu, Slava V. Rotkin, Klaus Schulten, and Umberto Ravaioli. In Proceedings of the Fourth IEEE Conference on Nanotechnology, pp. 273-275, Munich, Germany, 2004.
Deyu Lu
Yan Li
Slava V. Rotkin
Umberto Ravaioli
Klaus Schulten
To Learn More About Carbon Nanotubes
Physical Properties of Carbon Nanotubes, by R. Saito and G. Dresselhaus and M. S. Dresselhaus, Imperial College Press, 1998. (A great textbook!)
Nanotube's Discovery and Stories of Dr. Sumio Iijima from NEC
Professor Mildred Dresselhaus's home page
The Nanotube Site by David Tomanek
A carbon nanotube page by Peter Harris
Cartesian coordinates of nanotubes by Young-Kyun Kwon
Nanotube animation gallery by Shigeo Maruyama
Smalley Group
Lieber Group
Hongjie Dai Group
Mceuen Group
Zettl Group
Dekker Group
Strano Group
Page created by Deyu Lu.
Contact Us // Material on this page is copyrighted; contact Webmaster for more information. // Document last modified on 12 Jan 2006 // 48639 accesses since 20 Mar 2006 .


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Home Supercar News BMW 2016 BMW i8 Review
2016 BMW i8 Review
Des Sellmeyer
Recently we had the chance to take the 2016 BMW i8 hybrid sportscar out for a spin to see what the fuss is all about! First conceived as the BMW Vision EffienctDynamics Concept we wrote about six years ago, the futuristic sportscar went into production last year.
Styled with butterfly doors and laser headlights, the BMW i8 seems to come straight from a science fiction movie. Except the BMW i8 is reality and in the last year and a bit over 4,000 i8s have been sold.
Our BMW i8 was waiting for us at a BMW facility in Garching, just North of Munich. Here inside one of the halls in the building a stunning white i8 was parked between about 20 other test cars. But there was something odd, unlike the other diesel and M cars in the hall our car had a cable attached to the front. Although I have driven various plug-in hybrid and electric cars before this was the first time I had to take a plug in the hand. And actually it doesn't get much easier than that, unplugging and hanging it back in the wall mount takes a second and your hands don't smell like diesel.
With the cable unplugged it is time to go, the butterfly door swings open and a spacious white leather interior greets me. Sliding into the seat might take some getting used to due to the low seating position and the wide door sill of the carbon fibre chassis. It is not as bad as in a Koenigsegg but there are certainly sports- and supercars that allow for an easier and more elegant entry and exit.
Once you are in everything is unmistakably BMW, which is a good thing! The center console is home to all essential controls including the automatic gear lever, iDrive controller, start-stop button and various buttons to control the efficiency mode, 360 degree camera, park distance control and ESP. Next to the iDrive controller is a little hatch that hides a USB and aux-in slot, weirdly enough though it opens in the drivers direction which makes it hard to use for the driver.
The steering wheel has buttons to control the media interface, phone and volume on the right and cruise control on the left. This is regular cruise control since adaptive cruise control is not available, something we did really miss when we hit traffic on the autobahn during our test route. A thing the BMW i8 does have is heads-up display. A very convenient feature that display your speed, navigation instructions and a list of radio stations in the windshield so you don't have to take your eyes of the road.
With the optional lights package you can change the interior lights over two levels in three different colors which gives a pretty spectacular look especially at night. But enough about what comes with it, let's find out how it drives!
For our review we set out a mixed test lap of city, autobahn and b-roads. Around 130 kilometers in total of which the first 30 kilometers were city driving. The BMW i8's 131hp electric motor with 7.1 kWh lithium-ion battery should provide power for around 37 kilometers in the most efficient mode. Once the battery is empty a 231hp 1.5 liter three cylinder engine will kick in. Combined the electric and petrol engine can deliver 362hp, enough for a 0-100 km/h sprint of 4.4 seconds and a top speed of 250 km/h.
By default the BMW i8 will use electric power when possible, so when we left Garching towards Munich most of the power was pure electric. Only when I pressed hard on the accelerator the petrol engine kicked in. Driving wise it is a very smooth and comfortable car, the low weight and sporty suspension setup make the i8 feel well planted. The brake feel is a bit weird at first with slightly more resistance than normal brakes due to the energy regeneration.
The BMW i8 has four drive modes; eDrive mode in which you drive pure electric until there isn't sufficient battery power left, Comfort mode is a hybrid mode with sufficient power and air-conditioning running normally, Eco Pro mode which reduces the power output and scales the air-conditioning down to save power and fuel and last but not least sport mode. In Sport Mode the petrol engine is on all the time and the battery is recharged to offer additional power at the top of the rev range – the so called boost. Sport mode also enhance throttle responds and enhanced the sound.
Talking about sound; sound does play an important role in this segment and my initial opinion of BMW i8s that passed me on the street was that they sounded quite dull. In eDrive it is clear that all you hear is a winding 'wiiiiiiii' when you accelerate but in Sport Mode the three cylinder i8 doesn't sound that bad thanks to some clever sound engineering.
Een video die is geplaatst door GTspirit.com (@gtspirit) op 18 Jun 2015 om 5:54 PDT
After about 34 kilometers we reached the entrance to the A8 autobahn, we traveled 31 kilometers and the remaining electric range was only 1 kilometer. Our fuel economy read 3.4 liter per 100 kilometers. Not the best result but we were not exactly on an efficiency contest.
On the autobahn the BMW i8 feels very well at home. Despite quite narrow tires, 195mm width front and 215mm width rear, it feels extremely planted and more stable at high speed (200 km/h+) than many other sportscars. Transition from electric to hybrid mode goes smooth and it hardly noticeable.
Leaving the highway behind us we cruise back to Garching via various b-roads. The various drive modes add another dimension and the BMW i8 certainly makes fun. Yet it feels less emotional than a BMW M4 or a Porsche 911. By the time we reached Garching the trip computer read 134 kilometers and consumption displayed 7.8 liter / 100 kilometers. Again no record value but more than decent for a 250 km/h sportscar.
A few things we noticed during our drive is the extremely wide angle on the rear view camera, on the camera it looks as if an obstacle is still a meter away but in reality you are only 10 cm away. Also the black spot is quite large due to the shape of the c-pillar and the rear seats and rear speakers look a bit cheap.
Overall though the 2016 BMW i8 is a very cool and refreshing new car. I remember wishing it would come with a V10 when it was first announced but now that I have driven it the BMW i8 is starting to appeal to me.
Overall the 2016 BMW i8 is a very cool and refreshing new car. I remember wishing it would come with a V10 when it was first announced but now that I have driven it the BMW i8 is starting to appeal to me.
PHOTOGRAPHY BYTobias Kressmann
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A Maserati car caught fire along the Kallang–Paya Lebar Expressway (KPE) at around 2pm today (Nov 20).
Stomper Anonymous shared with Stomp a photo of the burning vehicle, which he said has been circulating on WhatsApp.
In response to media queries by Stomp, the Singapore Civil Defence Force (SCDF) said the fire was extinguished using one water jet.
Stomp understands that the car had been travelling out of the KPE tunnel when its engine started emitting smoke.
In an advisory, the SCDF said that most vehicle fires in Singapore occurred while the vehicles were travelling on the road.
"The primary cause of these fires is due to ignition sources such as overheating and electrical faults within the engine compartment," it added.
While most vehicle fires start small, they develop rapidly due to the presence of flammables such as petrol, diesel and lubricants.
Motorists are advised to equip their vehicles with a fire extinguisher so that they can extinguish an incipient fire before it spreads.
Service your vehicle regularly at authorised vehicle workshops.
During each servicing session, ensure that the vehicle's electrical, engine and fuel systems are checked for any defect.
Outside of scheduled servicing period, owners are encouraged to conduct visual checks for any sign of oil leakage.


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Hairy-Kiri
Do animals commit suicide?
By Brian Palmer
Nov 16, 20116:31 PM
Whales stranded on Opoutere Beach in New Zealand
Photo by Sandra Teddy/Getty Images.
A pod of 61 whales beached themselves at Farewell Spit in New Zealand on Monday. Officials decided to euthanize the 18 that were still alive Wednesday. It's not clear why whales beach themselves, but one theory holds that when a sick individual heads to shore to die, the others follow. Is suicide a thing in the animal kingdom?
Sort of. There is plenty of evidence that animals engage in self-destructive behavior. In addition to the beached whales, ducks and dogs have been observed drowning themselves, cows have walked off cliffs, and naked mole rats (like some insects) leave the colony to die when infected with a communicable disease. It's not clear that any of these behaviors are comparable to human suicide, though, because suicide involves a set of higher-order cognitive abilities. It requires an awareness of one's own existence, an ability to speculate about the future, and the knowledge that an act will result in death. There are indications that certain animals have some of these capacities. Dolphins, many primates, magpies, and elephants can recognize themselves in a mirror, suggesting self-awareness. Some animals know how to pretend during play activities (PDF), which indicates an ability to imagine counterfactual worlds. Still, no one really knows which animals, if any, can combine these capacities to perform an act similar to human suicide.
Victorian scientists were particularly interested in this question, according to historian Edmund Ramsden in a 2010 article. Humane societies were eager to prove that animals experienced humanlike emotions, and animal suicides offered proof. A series of such stories began to appear in periodicals in 1845. One involved a depressed Newfoundland dog that repeatedly leapt into the water, kept its limbs still, and held his "head determinedly under water for a few minutes." Other dogs drowned or starved themselves after losing their owners. A deer jumped from a precipice to avoid capture by hunting dogs. A duck drowned itself after the death of its mate. Scorpions were thought to sting themselves when surrounded by fire. Researchers engaged in a fierce and ultimately inconclusive debate over whether any of these behaviors should be considered suicide. (Except for the scorpions, which clearly were not attempting suicide—they're immune to their own venom.)
Even when scientists can explain the neurobiological basis of an animal's self-destructive behavior, it's still not always clear whether it's fair to call the act suicide. The parasite Toxoplasma gondii affects the brains of rodents and causes them to be attracted to their mortal enemy—the cat. It would be easy to dismiss this kind of rat suicide as irrelevant to our own behavior if not for some hints that infection can play a role in human suicides as well. In a 2009 study of patients with recurrent mood disorders, University of Maryland researchers found that those with high levels of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies were more likely to have attempted suicide. This study is preliminary, though, and there's no sign of a causal connection.
No matter the motivation, self-destruction appears to be something that exists in even the simplest life forms. Single-celled marine algae engage in programmed cell death when exposed to stresses that they're fully capable of overcoming. Researchers recently discovered that the "suicide" of some cells promoted growth in the survivors. Like infected mole rats or bees that abandon the colony to prevent an epidemic, algae die for the good of the community.
Got a question about today's news? Ask the Explainer.
Pets Suicide


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Fr. Theodore Heck, OSB
Father Theodore Heck OSB, monk and priest of Saint Meinrad Archabbey, died in the monastery infirmary at the age of 108. He was believed to be the world's oldest Benedictine monk.Father Theodore was a jubilarian in monastic profession and priesthood, the senior member of the Swiss-American Congregation in profession, priesthood and age, and the senior in age of the entire confederation of Benedictine monks throughout the world.Father Theodore was born in Chariton, Iowa, on January 16, 1901. He enrolled in the minor seminary at Saint Meinrad in 1918. He entered the novitiate in 1922, professed his simple vows on September 8, 1923, and was ordained to the priesthood on May 21, 1929. He would have celebrated his 80th anniversary as a priest next month. After ordination, Father Theodore taught in the minor seminary. In 1932, he began graduate studies at The Catholic University of America, earning a PhD in education in 1935. For over 50 years, he taught in the Saint Meinrad minor and major seminaries and held a variety of administrative positions.For 10 years, from 1956-66, he was rector of Saint Meinrad School of Theology, also serving as rector of Saint Meinrad College for three of those years. He was responsible for gaining accreditation for Saint Meinrad's high school, college and school of theology at that time. For 17 years, he served as subprior (third in leadership) in the monastery and, for three years, as prior (second in leadership). He was a founding member of the American Benedictine Academy, serving as its first president from 1947-57.At age 70, he began 17 years of pastoral service as vicar of St. John Chrysostom Parish, New Boston, Ind. During these years, he continued to teach on the college faculty.


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Michael J. McNaughton
Michael J. McNaughton was born November 7, 1971 in White Plains, NY. He grew up in Tarry Town, NY and graduated from Sleepy Hollows High School in June of 1990. Michael enlisted in the United States Army on September 18, 1990 and attended basic training at Fort Sill, Oklahoma. He served for 10 years on active duty and then decided to begin a new career and spend more time with his wife and 5 children.
However, Michael's plans changed after the September 11th attacks. Feeling impassioned to serve again, he enlisted in the Louisiana Army National Guard in December 2001. Michael was assigned to the 769th Engineer Battalion out of Baton Rouge, LA . He attended Combat Engineer School in January 2002 and was ordered to duty and mobilized with his unit on May 28, 2002 and deployed to Bagram, Afghanistan in July. In Afghanistan, Michael was in charge of mine clearing operations. On Jan. 9, 2003, during one such operation, Michael stepped on a live mine. "I knew it the moment I stepped on it," says the avid runner and married father of five. I knew what it would sound like. And I knew my leg would be gone."
Michael lost his right leg and two fingers in the blast. While rehabilitating at Walter Reed Army Medical Center in Washington, Michael was visited by the Michael McNaughton, U.S. Army President who told him to give him a call when he was ready to run. In spring 2004, Michael took the President up on his offer and ran a mile with him. He then trained for a marathon. It wasn't easy. He fell. He got hurt. On Jan. 9, 2005 — two years to the day he lost his leg — he ran a half marathon. In March 2005, he ran a full 26.2 mile marathon and in 2006 Michael completed the run portion of the CAF San Diego Triathlon Challenge. Michael is also an avid mountain biker.
"We're changing a lot of perceptions these days." –Michael McNaughton
How Does Operation Rebound Help?
Operation Rebound provides unparalleled sports opportunities and support to our troops and veterans of any branch of service and first responders who have served honorably and have suffered permanent physical injuries. Grants are awarded for event travel, lodging, entry fees, training and equipment.
Make a tax-deductible contribution to Challenged Athletes, Inc., (dba Challenged Athletes Foundation) a non-profit 501 (C) (3) organization. To make a donation, please call (858) 866-0959, send a check to the address listed below, or make a secure payment through our website: www.challengedathletes.org.
Support Michael J. McNaughton by getting involved today
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At that time, Jesus stood on a level place, with a great crowd of his disciples and a great multitude of people from all Judea and Jerusalem and the seacoast of Tyre and Sidon, who came to hear him and to be healed of their diseases; and those who were troubled with unclean spirits were cured. And all the crowd sought to touch him, for power came forth from him and healed them all. And he lifted up his eyes on His disciples, and said: "Blessed are you poor, for yours is the Kingdom of God. Blessed are you that hunger now, for you shall be satisfied. Blessed are you that weep now, for you shall laugh. Blessed are you when men hate you, and when they exclude you and revile you, and cast out your name as evil, on account of the Son of man! Rejoice in that day, and leap for joy, for behold, your reward is great in heaven."


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Finnish special edition: Chapter 7 Volume 1 P. 0227
Greek special edition: Chapter 07 Volume 2 P. 0035
Swedish special edition: Chapter 7 Volume 1 P. 0227
Spanish special edition: Chapter 07 Volume 2 P. 0080
Portuguese special edition Chapter 07 Volume 2 P. 0080
31977R2830
on the measures necessary to achieve comparability between the accounting systems and annual accounts of railway undertakings
COUNCIL REGULATION (EEC) No 2830/77 of 12 December 1977 on the measures necessary to achieve comparability between the accounting systems and annual accounts of railway undertakings
THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES,
Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Economic Community, and in particular Article 75 thereof,
Having regard to Council Decision 75/327/EEC of 20 May 1975 on the improvement of the situation of railway undertakings and the harmonization of rules governing financial relations between such undertakings and States (1), and in particular Article 8 (2) thereof,
Having regard to the opinion of the European Parliament (2),
Having regard to the opinion of the Economic and Social Committee (3),
Whereas the harmonization of rules concerning financial relations between States and railway undertakings should be based as far as possible on the financial and accounting principles applicable to industrial and commercial undertakings ; whereas this harmonization requires the implementation of the necessary measures to achieve comparability between the annual accounts of railway undertakings;
Whereas comparability of the annual accounts of railway undertakings should contribute towards improving the transparency of the financial results of such undertakings and of the financial interventions of the State;
Whereas comparability of these annual accounts may be established by transposing the annual results of railway undertakings to a standard form;
Whereas an advisory committee should be set up to assist the Commission in improving the comparability and the harmonization of the annual accounts of railway undertakings,
The aim of this Regulation is to make the annual accounts of railway undertakings comparable. For the purpose of this Regulation annual accounts shall mean the balance sheet and the profit and loss account drawn up in accordance with Articles 3 and 4.
This Regulation shall apply to the following railway undertakings:
Société nationale des chemins de fer belges (SNCB)/Nationale Maatschappij der Belgische Spoorwegen (NMBS),
Danske Statsbaner (DSB),
Deutsche Bundesbahn (DB),
Société nationale des chemins de fer français (SNCF),
Coras Iompair Éireann (CIE),
Azienda autonoma delle ferrovie dello Stato (FS),
Société nationale des chemins de fer luxembourgeois (CFL),
Naamloze Vennootschap Nederlandse Spoorwegen (NS),
British Railways Board (BRB),
Northern Ireland Railways Company Ltd (NIR).
Railway undertakings shall, each year taking effect for the first time for the accounting year 1977, transpose their annual results, established in accordance with national regulations, to the forms of annual accounts shown in Annexes I and III.
1. The balance sheet shall be transposed in accordance with Annex I on the basis of the elements of the nomenclature set out in Annex II.
2. The profit and loss account transposed in accordance with Annex III shall be drawn up on the basis of the elements of the nomenclature set out in Annex IV.
3. Railway undertakings shall add explanatory notes to the transposed annual accounts. These notes shall indicate in particular:
deviations from the nomenclature arising in drawing up the transposed accounts, as well as the reasons for such derogations, and possible repercussions which such derogations may have on the comparability of the transposed accounts;
the methods of evaluation used for items the value of which is estimated, such as depreciation work in progress and fixed assets.
In order to achieve the objective of comparability referred to in Article 1 the Commission may ask for additional explanations.
1. Railway undertakings shall, within 12 months of the end of the accounting year in question, transmit to the Commission the transposed annual accounts referred to in Article 3.
2. Six months after receipt of the information provided for in paragraph 1, the Commission shall submit a synopsis of it to the Council.
1. An Advisory Committee shall be set up to assist the Commission in the implementation of this Regulation.
2. The Committee shall give its opinion on any question relating to the problems and solution connected with improving the comparability of the transposed annual accounts of railway undertakings and making progress towards greater harmonization of their accounting systems.
3. The Committee shall be chaired by a representative of the Commission and shall consist of two representatives designated by each Member State. The Members of the Committee may be assisted by experts designated by them. The Committee shall be convened by the Commission which shall provide the necessary secretarial services.
4. The Committee's conclusions shall be noted in the report which the Commission is to submit to the Council every two years pursuant to Article 14 (1) of Council Decision 75/327/EEC.
Before 1 January 1983 the Commission shall, in the light of experience gained and of accountancy developments in general and taking into account the opinion of the Committee, submit, where appropriate, proposals for amending this Regulation and the Annexes thereto with a view to improving the comparability of transposed annual accounts.
This Regulation shall be binding in its entirety and directly applicable in all Member States.
L. DHOORE
(1)OJ No L 152, 12.6.1975, p. 3.
(2)OJ No C 163, 11.7.1977, p. 33.
NOMENCLATURE OF THE BALANCE SHEET ACCOUNTS
CLASS 0 - ACCOUNTS FOR OWN CAPITAL AND LONG-TERM LIABILITIES
00 - Capital
Stocks or shares paid up and not redeemed
Stocks or shares paid up and redeemed
Stocks and shares not paid up
State endownments or contributions
01 - Reserves
May include the following items:
Legal reserve
Statutory reserves
Reserves for revaluations of assets (increases in value resulting from revaluations of balance sheet items)
Other reserves including the capital component of the annual redemption payments on loans where railways have charged this component to the profit and loss account)
02 - Contributions to investment costs
Contribution by the State or by third parties to the implementation of specific investment projects
03 - Provisions
Provisions made by certain railways to finance the replacement of their fixed assets instead of depreciating them
Provisions to cover certain losses and charges
04 - Funds for staff
In particular, pension funds administered by the railways where there are no autonomous schemes and staff savings funds
05 - Long-term financial debts
These are debts whose term is longer than one year ; they should be accounted for at repayment value. Where appropriate show separately debts to undertakings in which the railway undertaking has a shareholding
CLASS 1 - LONG-TERM ASSET ACCOUNTS
Adjustments for depreciation are to be accounted for in the appropriate depreciation sub-accounts
10 - Land and fixed installations
10.0 - Purchase or construction value (including any revaluations and contributions to third parties)
Land (both built on and not built on)
Earthworks and permanent way
Major structures
Electric traction fixed installations
Safety and telecommunications installations including level crossings ; not including buildings
Miscellaneous installations
10.1 - Depreciation
11 - Transport stock
11.0 - Purchase or construction value
Tractive units
Hauled passenger vehicles
Hauled goods vehicles
Road transport stock and equipment
Marine stock and equipment including hovercraft
Other stock and equipment including containers
12 - Other stock and equipment (including furniture, machinery, tools and special purpose service vehicles (railcars for the inspection of tunnels, railcars for the inspection of the overhead contact wire, etc.) pallets and tackle)
13 - Fixed assets under construction
Transport stock and equipment
Other stock and equipment
14 - Shareholdings in other undertakings
15 - Long-term loans (exceeding one year). Where appropriate, show separately loans given to undertakings in which the railway undertaking has a shareholding
16 - Costs and premiums for issuing loans and loan redemption premiums (for the portion not yet redeemed)
17 - Miscellaneous fixed assets (patents, concessions, licences and other similar rights)
CLASS 2 - STOCK ACCOUNTS
20 - Supplies in store or in the yards
Purchase or construction value
Adjustment for depreciation
21 - Supplies being manufactured or under repair
CLASS 3 - SUNDRY DEBTOR AND CREDITOR ACCOUNTS
30 - Debtors (supplies, customers, staff, State, subsidiaries, partners or shareholders, other debtors, and suspense and prepayment accounts)
31 - Creditors (suppliers, customers, staff, State, subsidiaries, partners or shareholders, other creditors including deposits and securities received, and suspense and prepayment accounts)
CLASS 4 - FINANCIAL ACCOUNTS
40 - Financial debts whose term is less than one year
41 - Loans whose term in less than one year
42 - Bills receivable
Adjustments for depreciation
43 - Cheques in hand
44 - Bills payable
45 - Securities
Not including shareholdings in other undertakings (see account 14)
Purchase value
46 - Postal cheque accounts
47 - Bank accounts
48 - Cash in hand
ANNEX IV NOMENCLATURE OF THE PROFIT AND LOSS ACCOUNT
(see Annex III for layout)
I. GENERAL OPERATION
CLASS 6 - EXPENSE ACCOUNTS
(*) Taxes and dues are either shown in account 62 with indication of their nature, or included in account 60 and account 61 as appropriate 60 (1) - Staff costs : include the following items: - remuneration of staff in active employment (including remuneration relating to fixed assets, supplies and work for third parties)
pension charges : amount of pensions paid out directly by the railways less any contributions paid by employees in active employment. Amount of contributions paid by the railways to autonomous pension funds
miscellaneous social security costs (family benefits, social welfare, security, staff training)
61 (1) - Materials supplied and services performed by third parties : include the following items - miscellaneous charges (insurance premiums and indemnities, water and gas and sundry administrative costs)
62 (1) - Taxes and dues - (non-deductible VAT and other taxes and dues, corporation tax excepted) railways using this account should clearly indicate the nature of these taxes
63 - Allocations for depreciation
64 - Allocations to provision accounts (to cover certain losses and charges as well as insurance and financing replacement of fixed assets for some railways)
65 - Financial charges
CLASS 7 - REVENUE ACCOUNTS (2)
70 - Traffic revenue (including associated revenue, but excluding service transport operations)
70.0 - Passenger and luggage traffic
(a) by rail
(b) by road
(c) by other means of transport
70.1 - Goods traffic
(I) full trains and wagon loads
national traffic (3)
international traffic (3) (1)Taxes and dues are either shown in account 62 with indications of their nature, or included in account 60 and account 61 as appropriate.
(2)All revenues net of tax (in particular, net of VAT)
(3)Definitions :
national goods traffic means transport of goods which are loaded and unloaded inside the country,
international goods traffic means the transport of goods which are loaded or unloaded, or both, in a foreign country.
(II) part loads and parcels
international traffic (1)
70.2 - Postal traffic
71 - Financial revenue (interest on securities held and dividends from shareholdings in other undertakings)
72 - Other revenue
72.1 - Revenue from work and supplies for Government account (investment in the network)
72.2 - Revenue from work and supplies for third parties
72.3 - Revenue from other activities including rents
72.4 - Miscellaneous revenue
73 - Contra of costs booked to other accounts (in particular, fixed asset accounts and supplies accounts)
74 - Compensation and aids
74.0 - Compensation for public service obligations Regulation (EEC) No 1191/69
74.1 - Compensations for the normalization of accounts Regulation (EEC) No 1192/69 (in accordance with the provisions of Article 10)
74.2 - Aids Article 3 of Regulation (EEC) No 1107/70
74.3 - Other compensations and aids (not related to balancing subsidy)
II SUMMARY PROFITS AND LOSSES
CLASS 9 - RESULT ACCOUNTS
91.0 - 91.1 - Operating profit or loss for the financial year
91.2 - 91.3 - Exceptional profits and losses
(Those items involving significant amounts which derive from events or transactions outside the ordinary activities of the business and which are not expected to recur frequently)
91.4 - Corporation tax (tax assessed on the profit of companies and other corporate bodies, or in certain countries also on the capital)
91.5 - Balancing subsidy:
Article 4 of Regulation (EEC) No 1107/70
Those undertakings which strike the balance of the profit and loss prior to taking these subsidies into account may show such subsidies separately in a note.


text:
Forward by Laura Davis
About Carolyn
Stop the Violence Campaign
Tender Morsels
A Friend or Family Member
By Carolyn Lehman|2017-06-13T20:45:37+00:00April 11th, 2014|2014 Edition, book launch, Latest posts, media, reviews, websites and weblogs|
The first on-line coverage of this new edition of Strong at The Heart just went live. It's at The Pirate Tree, a blog about social justice and children's books. Strong is for YA and up, so it fits! They gave me a good amount of space for an interview, too, and I'm glad. It gave [...]
coming so soon
2014 Edition, book launch, websites and weblogs
By Carolyn Lehman|2017-06-13T20:45:38+00:00January 21st, 2014|2014 Edition, book launch, websites and weblogs|
At long, long last Strong at the Heart is coming out in paperback. Before the actual launch in February, I'm updating this website to a responsive site thanks to the skill and the patience of Tiff Renée at DesignMotif. She's making it possible for you to read this site on cell phone or tablet. Here's [...]
when survivors don't speak up
By Carolyn Lehman|2009-02-16T13:55:23+00:00February 16th, 2009|books, media, men and boys, websites and weblogs|
As a survivor of childhood abuse, do you ever find yourself accommodating obnoxious behavior? Putting up with crap you really needn't? Do you trash yourself over it? Or do you give yourself a break? My friend poet Molly Fisk wrote and performed a fine radio segment on Stockholm Syndrome in her experience as a survivor.
best interests
By Carolyn Lehman|2017-06-13T20:45:38+00:00June 29th, 2008|books, websites and weblogs|
I just stumbled on an excellent website with great resources for child advocates or for anyone concerned with child abuse/recovery/offender issues. Best Interests calls itself "a website for children's advocates" and it certainly is a great place for people like CASA volunteers, therapists and social workers. Survivors, too, find news and useful information. The books [...]
By Carolyn Lehman|2017-06-13T20:45:38+00:00February 7th, 2008|websites and weblogs|
Twenty three years ago I wrote my first children's book about childhood sexual abuse, PROMISE NOT TO TELL. After it came out I received occasional heartfelt and touching letters, typed or handwritten, and forwarded to me by my editor in New York. Occasionally a therapist in my own area would call or stop me on [...]
male survivor film
By Carolyn Lehman|2007-06-21T14:28:45+00:00June 21st, 2007|abuse by clergy, media, men and boys, websites and weblogs|
Here's something you might want to check out. A young filmmaker is producing a feature film that examines male experience of sexual abuse within the orthodox Jewish community. I haven't seen the film but have visited the website for Narrow Bridge http://www.narrowbridgefilm.com/. From his description and the website itself, the film appears to be about [...]
after long silence
By Carolyn Lehman|2017-06-13T20:45:39+00:00May 29th, 2007|media, websites and weblogs, writing|
It's been way too long since I posted here. What has absorbed me is my involvement in digital storytelling. This began as an invitation a year ago from Amy Hill of Silence Speaks to participate in a digital storytelling workshop. Digital Storytelling gives ordinary people the skills to make short, personal QuickTime/DVD movies about their [...]
nifty book site
By Carolyn Lehman|2017-06-13T20:45:39+00:00April 12th, 2007|awards and honors, books, websites and weblogs|
I just heard from Mindy, one of the Cybils organizers, about a new interactive book site for children's and young adult literature. And Strong at the Heart has its own page there. At the Tandem Library Books site you can bring up four separate lists of recommended book in Texas state reading programs. (Strong at [...]
cybils announced!
By Carolyn Lehman|2017-06-13T20:45:39+00:00February 15th, 2007|books, websites and weblogs|
The results are in. The Cybils---the blogosphere's own children's literature awards---have been announced. Many of you know I was a judge on the nonfiction panel. We had five amazing books to choose from. Our discussion was deep and heartfelt. And in the end we all were happy to select Russell Freedman's Freedom Walkers to receive [...]
By Carolyn Lehman|2017-06-13T20:45:39+00:00February 11th, 2007|media, websites and weblogs|
If you want to see a sweet film featuring a strong survivor, insight into the ways incest affects families through the generations, a sense of humor, and vibrant faith in the ability to face the pain of the past and heal, then check out Volver, by Spanish filmmaker Pedro Almodovar. Penelope Cruz plays Raimunda, a [...]
© 2006-2019 Carolyn Lehman. All Rights Reserved. Design by Design Motif.


Our vision The dimension scale of problems arising in our modern information society became very large. A new area of science and engineering is now urgently needed in order to extract and interpret significant information from the universe of data collected from a variety of modern sources (Internet, physics experiments, medical diagnostics, etc.). Numerical simulations at the required scale will be one of the great challenges of the 21st century. In short, we need to become capable of organizing and understanding complexity.
Compression and dimensionality reduction The most notable recent advances in data analysis and numerical simulation are based on the observation that in several situations, even for very complex phenomena, only a few governing components are required to describe the whole dynamics; a dimensionality reduction can be achieved by demanding that the solution be "sparse" or "compressible". Since the relevant degrees of freedom are not prescribed, and may depend on the particular solution, we need efficient optimization methods for solving the hard combinatorial problem of identifying them.
Our research In the Unit M15 -- Applied Numerical Analysis we are first addressing the problem of designing efficient algorithms which allow us to achieve sparse optimization in high-dimensions. Secondly, the tools which we develop for achieving adaptive dimensionality reductions are subsequently used as building blocks for solving large-scale partial differential equations or variational problems arising in various contexts. Finally, we are applying the whole machinery to interesting applications in image processing, numerical simulation, and we are exploring new applications in innovative fields such as automatic learning of dynamical systems.
Feb 18 Peter Massopust completed the paper "On Some Generalizations of B-Splines" [ arXiv ].
Feb 12 Nira Dyn, David Levin, and Peter Massopust completed the paper "Attractors of Trees of Maps and of Sequences of Maps between Spaces with Application to Subdivision" [ arXiv ].
Feb 01 Peter Massopust completed the paper "Splines and Fractional Differential Operators" [ arXiv ].
May 30 María Navascués and Peter Massopust completed the paper "Fractal Convolution: A New Operation between Functions" [ arXiv ].
April 25 Jakob Geppert , Felix Krahmer, and Dominik Stöger completed the paper "Sparse Power Factorization: Balancing peakiness and sample complexity" [ arXiv ].
April 18 Jeff Hogan and Peter Massopust completed the paper "Quaternionic Fundamental Cardinal Splines: Interpolation and Sampling" [ arXiv ].
April 1 Claudio Verdun starts his work at our research unit.
Mar. 15 We have just launched the TUM Data Innovation Lab (TUM-DI-LAB), an interdisciplinary TUM initiative on data science.
Feb. 1 Ricardo Acevedo Cabra starts his work at our research unit.
Jan. 16 Olga Graf starts her work at our research unit.
Dec. 15 Marco Morandotti and Nada Sissouno start their work at our research unit.
Nov. 14 New press release about our research on predicting and influencing the behavior of groups based on mathematical models.
Oct. 24 Congratulations! Steffen Peter successfully defended his Ph.D. thesis about Algorithms for Robust and Fast Sparse Recovery.
Sep. 1 Stefano Almi starts his work at our research unit.
Aug. 30 Jeff Hogan and Peter Massopust completed the paper Quaternionic B-Splines .
Aug. 9 The second edition of Peter Massopust's monograph on Fractal Functions, Fractal Surfaces, and Wavelets has been published by Elsevier.
Aug. 5 Giacomo Albi, Young-Pil Choi , Massimo Fornasier and Dante Kalise concluded the paper "Mean Field Control Hierarchy".
July 25 Congratulations! Mattia Bongini successfully defended his Ph.D. thesis about Sparse Optimal Control of Multiagent Systems.
July 18–22 Felix Krahmer is organizing a Summer School about Mathematical methods for high-dimensional data analysis together with Ulrich Bauer , ISAM und TopMath and SFB/TR 109 . Please register until May 15!
July 15–30 Peter Massopust was awarded a GIAN lectureship under the GIAN initiative (Global Initiative of Academic Networks ) and will hold a two-week long lecture series on "Splines and Fractals in Approximation and Interpolation Theory" at IIT Madras, India.
May 1 Sandro Belz and Michael Sandbichler start their work at our research unit.
Feb. 29 - Mar. 04 Peter Massopust attended the international IM-Workshop on Applied Approximation, Signals and Images in Bernried, Germany, and gave a presentation on "Fractional and Complex Pseudo-Splines.
Feb. 15 Peter Massopust completed the second edition of his research monograph ''Fractal Functions, Fractal Surfaces, and Wavelets.'' It will be published by Elsevier later this year.
Feb. 12 We are organizing the Second Workshop Donau-Isar-Inn: WDI² - Approximation Theory and Applications. We invite researchers, PhD students and other students to join us to learn about current topics in the mathematics of signal processing, applied harmonic analysis and approximation theory. Update: Talk titles and abstracts available now.
Feb. 1 - 12 Dr. Jeff Hogan (University of Newcastle, Australia) will visit Peter Massopust to extend and strengthen their collaboration on the applicability of Clifford-analytical methods to multi-channel signal and image processing.
Feb. 1 Young-Pil Choi starts his work at our research unit.
Jan. 11 Dominik Stöger starts his work at our research unit.
Jan. 1 Sara Krause-Solberg, Johannes Maly, and PD Dr. Peter Massopust start their work at our research unit.
Dec. 16 Congratulations! Marco Artina successfully defended his Ph.D. thesis about Lagrangian Methods for Constrained Non-Convex Minimizations and Applications in Fracture Mechanics.
Oct. 1 Christian Kümmerle starts his work at our research unit.
July 15 Joe-Mei Feng starts her work at our research unit.
Apr. 1 Felix Krahmer starts his work at our research unit.
Jan. 1 We announce that Professor Peter Markowich will be visiting our department as a John Von Neumann Professor in the period January-March 2015. He will deliver the special lecture On some (modern) Problems in Applied Differential Equations.
June 30 Benjamin Scharf was awarded the "Promotionspreis der Fakultät für Mathematik und Informatik der FSU Jena" for his PhD-Thesis.
May 11 Giacomo Albi was awarded the Nicolò Copernico Prize prize for his PhD thesis.
May 1 Giacomo Albi starts his work at our research unit.
May 1 We announce that Professor Mauro Maggioni will be visiting our department as a John Von Neumann Professor in the period May-July 2014. He will deliver the special lecture Statistical Learning, Geometry and High-Dimensional Probability .
Feb. 7 Mattia Bongini, Agata Ciabattoni and Franco Montagna concluded the paper "Proof Search and Co-NP Completeness for Many-Valued Logics"
Feb. 3 Markus Hansen starts his work at our research unit.
Oct. 22 We announce that Professor Götz Pfander will be visiting our department as a John Von Neumann Professor in the period January-June 2014. He will deliver the special lecture Time-Frequency Analysis and Applications in Information Theory.
Sept. 25 Martin Eller participated in the Studierendenkonferenz of Österreichische Mathematische Gesellschaft and Deutsche Mathematiker-Vereinigung 2013 and gave a talk on his Master thesis "Rotation Invariance in Exemplar-based Image Inpainting". His contribution was awarded with a main price.
Mar. 21 Tenure Track Assistant Professorship »Optimization and Data Analysis« with deadline for applications April 30, 2013.
Aug. 8 - Sept. 8 OUT OF OFFICE -- checking emails but slowly responding!!!


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Home Film & TV It Happened One Night. 85 Years Ago.
It Happened One Night. 85 Years Ago.
Ash Valente
Happy Birthday, It Happened One Night! I and many others adore this Frank Capra film, but why? The storyline is not uncommon. Rich girl runs away from Daddy and falls in love with a poor handsome devil. What does It Happened One Night have that made it the Oscar winner for Best Picture, as well as the world's finest rom com? Clark Gable undressing? Yes, it has that. But also much more. There's charm and laughter, wit and nuance, with little feminist-Marxist cherries on top. It all happened One Night. 85 years ago.
For those of you who have not seen this film, where have you been your entire lifespan? You've completely missed sweet, sensuous Claudette Colbert playing a deck-diving debutante! Ellen, daughter of a famous oil tycoon, has just jumped off her father's yacht with plans to rejoin her sophisticated beau King Westley in New York City. Daddy disapproves of their elopement, a pre-film elopement being the first on many irregularities in this particular 1934 rom com. Our heroine is already married, and to an insincere aristocrat named King.
Enter Clark Gable, wickedly gorgeous as always, playing the role of drunken newspaper man, Peter. After heiress Ellen washes up at the Miami bus station, the two meet and become unwitting partners in a Northern-bound journey. He wants to use her love story to win his job back. She needs his help warding off thieves, repelling sleazy men, and handling everything from which her sheltered life has barred her. It's a symbiotic relationship, with intrigue fanned by class difference, witty repartee, and the subtle heat of modern love.
Colbert and Gable entrance and delight all the way to New York, as they chase highway robbers, masquerade as a bickering country couple, and argue about the definition of a piggyback ride. The fuel that drives these two class-crossed lovers is a combination of Robert Riskin's snappy screenplay and Capra's multi-dimensional eye. It Happened One Night is no blissful, bright-eyed romance. It's shadows behind curtains, overnight bungalows amid glowing lantern light, donut dunking, and socially acceptable innuendo.
Meanwhile, let's not forget Riskin's daring representation of common folk in the midst of a lover's tale. Colbert and Gable are surrounded by figures of their time – an adulterous grease ball, a hungry mother and child, a gaggle of boxcar bums. These people (real people) weave It Happened One Night into a multi-dimensional depiction of life, both as it is and as it should be.
It Happened One Night is thoroughly real and, shall we say, modern? Some may disagree, as they watch Clark give Claudette a little spank, call her brat, threaten to break her greedy little neck. Upon reflection, however, the truth behind this seemingly misogynistic behavior becomes clear. The newspaper man challenges the heiress' inexperience, treats her as his equal in stamina and nomadic strength. He shows her how the world world and her how to dunk a donut. Together, they bus ride and hitchhike their way to Ellen's mature womanhood.
Last, but absolutely not least, among the film's attributes is the sizzle, a sound you can still hear 85 years later. Clark leaning over Claudette as she lies in a pile of hay, Claudette clinging to Clark's lapels in her sleep. Then there's the white hot fire of suggestion. Riskin took advantage of the last pre-code years, but did so subtly. When Peter and Ellen share their first bungalow, she commends him on his 'brilliant plan'. He declares he has no interest in her whatsoever, except as a news piece. He puts up their own Wall of Jericho, a blanket hung on line between their beds. A flimsy barrier. An intense temptation. And when the Wall of Jericho finally comes down… Well, we're left to imagine what happens next.
It Happened One Night took society in its Oscar-winning hands. It's been 85 years, and it still holds on. We laugh at the banter and the slapstick, the clever and the outright ridiculous. We smile among the friendly travelers, singing and dancing together on a bus from yesteryear. We shiver at the look in Clark Gable's eyes, and we delight in watching a cloistered girl grow. It Happened One Night is a social ideal. A thrilling romance. A downright treat.
it happened one night
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Accounts of US foreign policymaking in the years of Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford's presidencies rightly emphasize the centrality of Henry Kissinger. Yet, my research on the intersection of policy formulation and human rights activism in these years suggests the history is more complicated, with several of Kissinger's chief aides repeatedly pressing for more US attention to and action on international human rights violations.
Whether from conservative Democrats, who disagreed that the pursuit of détente should trump the plight of Soviet Jews, or liberals in Congress, who recoiled at US complicity in the coup in Chile, Kissinger resisted pressure from many sides. He faced tough questioning from Lord and other aides, from Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian Affairs Philip Habib, and Assistant Secretary of State for Inter-American Affairs William D. Rogers. A number of US ambassadors also challenged Kissinger's policies, believing greater consideration of human rights, rather than intransigence, might better protect US interests.
Particularly significant are Lord's memos spanning five years that seem to represent a surprising dissent from Kissinger's worldview. Lord and other State Department officials, whether in Washington or serving as diplomats overseas, were far more attentive to and concerned about human rights than previous Kissinger-centered studies have recognized. From Selma to Moscow highlights the significant but largely hidden efforts of State Department officials such as Lord, Habib, Rogers, and others. Decentering Kissinger from US foreign policy narratives, or at least acknowledging the agency of those serving under him, deepens our understanding of how human rights came to be institutionalized in US foreign policy.
 Lord to Kissinger, December 15, 1969, Folder 2, Box 335, Policy Planning Staff, Record Group 59, National Archives and Records Administration II, College Park, Maryland (hereafter S/P, RG 59, and NARA II).
 Lord predicted that an increase in "black studies programs" at U.S. universities would increase attention on U.S. policy toward Africa. He also asserted that as Americans turned their attention away from the war in Vietnam, they would become more engaged with Africa. Lord to Kissinger, December 15, 1969, Folder 2, Box 335, S/P, RG 59, NARA II.
 In the same memorandum, Lord urged the United States to take a different approach to the Greek junta as well. Ibid.
 Lord had expressed concern in 1971 about "meddling" in Chile via "clandestine action." He wrote to Kissinger that he was "depressed, and, at the risk of sounding naïve, shocked" at the idea. Lord to Kissinger, March 23, 1971, Feb '71, Box 339, S/P, RG 59, NARA II; and Barbara J. Keys, Reclaiming American Virtue: The Human Rights Revolution of the 1970s (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2014), 173.
 Peter Kornbluh, The Pinochet File: A Declassified Dossier on Atrocity and Accountability (New York: The New Press, 2003), 225.


Usually getting from Longreach to Tomerong by car takes about 19 hours and 46 minutes. Road has length 1.828 kilometers and goes through Charleville, Dubbo, Orange, Barcaldine, Blackall, Tambo and Augathella.
To find out how to get from Longreach to Tomerong by car through specific transit points, click "Show advanced options" and type the names of the transit cities in the "Intermediate points" field or just drag and drop the route over the map. Use the built-in fuel calculator to get the estimated cost of the journey from Longreach to Tomerong.
Longreach - Tomerong is ranked 29,338th in the ranking popularity.
The distance from Longreach to Tomerong is 1.136 miles or 1.828 kilometers.
It is possible to drive from Longreach to Tomerong through Charleville, Dubbo, Orange, Barcaldine, Blackall, Tambo and Augathella.
Get Longreach to Tomerong driving directions to navigate the path offline.


This is an oil-free gel version of our Glycolic Moisturizer that is hydrating yet completely non-greasy. Highly effective in improving the texture and appearance of your skin by stimulating cell renewal, collagen production, and exfoliation. Shown to reduce acne and hyperpigmentation. Formulated with 100% botanical Glycolic Acid in an aloe vera base. Contains Hyaluronic Acid, Vitamins A and C, as well as White Lily and Comfrey.
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Let's stay in touch - we'll drop a line when we've got some news!


text:
Toponyme

Argentine

 Santa María, une ville de la région de Catamarca ;
 Santa María, un volcan de la province de Mendoza.

Brésil

 Santa Maria, une municipalité de l'État du Rio Grande do Norte ;
 Santa Maria, une municipalité de l'État du Rio Grande do Sul ;
 Santa Maria da Vitória, une municipalité de l'État de Bahia ;
 Santa Maria de Jetibá, une municipalité de l'État de l'Espírito Santo ;
 Santa Maria de Itabira, une municipalité de l'État du Minas Gerais ;
 Santa Maria do Salto, une municipalité de l'État du Minas Gerais ;
 Santa Maria do Suaçuí, une municipalité de l'État du Minas Gerais ;
 Santa Maria das Barreiras, une municipalité de l'État du Pará ;
 Santa Maria do Pará, une municipalité de l'État du Pará ;
 Santa Maria da Boa Vista, une municipalité de l'État du Pernambouc ;
 Santa Maria do Cambucá, une municipalité de l'État du Pernambouc ;
 Santa Maria do Oeste, une municipalité du Paraná ;
 Santa Maria Madalena, une municipalité de l'État de Rio de Janeiro ;
 Santa Maria do Herval, une municipalité de l'État du Rio Grande do Sul ;
 Santa Maria da Serra, une municipalité de l'São Paulo ;
 Santa Maria do Tocantins, une municipalité de l'État du Tocantins ;
 Santa Maria, une région administrative du District fédéral.

Cap-Vert

 Santa Maria, une ville de l'île de Sal

Chili

 Santa Maria, une commune
 Île Santa Maria, une île côtière

Colombie

 Santa María, municipalité du département de Boyacá.

Costa Rica

 Santa María, une ville de la province de San José.

Espagne
 Santa María de Cayón est une ville espagnole de la région de Cantabrie ;
 Santa Maria de Lara, une église de la région de Castille-et-León ;
 Santa Maria de Lebeña, une église de la région de Cantabrie ;
 Santa María de Valverde, une commune de Castille-et-León ;
 Santa Maria del Mar, une église de Barcelone en Catalogne ;
 Santa María de Guía de Gran Canaria, une commune de la région des îles Canaries ;
 Santa María de Huerta, une commune de la région de Castille-et-León ;
 Santa María de Melque, une commune de la région de Castille-La Manche ;
 Santa María de Valverde, une commune de la région de Castille-et-León ;
 Santa María del Campo Rus, une commune de la région de Castille-La Manche ;
 Santa María del Naranco, une église de la commune d'Oviedo dans la région des Asturies ;
 Santa María la Real de Nieva, une commune de la région de Castille-et-León ;
 Santa María de Villandás, une paroisse de la municipalité de Grado, dans la région des Asturies ;
 El Puerto de Santa María, une commune d'Andalousie.

États-Unis

 Santa Maria, une ville de Californie ;
 le Santa Maria, un gratte-ciel de Miami, en Floride ;
 Santa Maria, census-designated place située au Texas.

France

 Santa-Maria-di-Lota (Haute-Corse) ;
 Santa-Maria-Figaniella (Corse-du-Sud), fréquemment nommé Santa-Maria-di-Viggiano ;
 Santa-Maria-Poggio (Haute-Corse), fréquemment nommé Poggio-di-Campoloro ;
 Santa-Maria-Siché (Corse-du-Sud), fréquemment nommé Santa-Maria-d'Ornano.

Guatemala

 Santa María, un volcan du département de Quetzaltenango.

Italie

 Santa Maria, une île proche de la Sardaigne ;
 Santa Maria Capua Vetere, une commune de la région de Campanie ;
 Santa Maria Coghinas, une commune de la région de Sardaigne ;
 Santa Maria Hoè, une commune de la région de Lombardie ;
 Santa Maria Imbaro, une commune de la région des Abruzzes ;
 Santa Maria Maggiore, une commune de la région du Piémont ;
 Santa Maria Novella, une basilique de Florence ;
 Santa Maria Nuova, une commune de la région des Marches ;
 Santa Maria a Monte, une commune de la région de Toscane ;
 Santa Maria a Vico, une commune de la région de Campanie ;
 Santa Maria del Cedro, une commune de la région de Calabre ;
 Santa Maria del Molise, une commune de la région de Molise ;
 Santa Maria del Fiore, la cathédrale de Florence aussi appelée Duomo ;
 Santa Maria della Scala, un hôpital de Sienne en Toscane ;
 Santa Maria della Steccata, une église de Parme en Émilie-Romagne ;
 Santa Maria della Versa, une commune de la région de Lombardie ;
 Santa Maria di Licodia, une commune de la région de Sicile ;
 Santa Maria di Sala, une commune de la région de Vénétie ;
 Santa Maria la Carità, une commune de la région de Campanie ;
 Santa Maria la Fossa, une commune de la région de Campanie ;
 Santa Maria la Longa, une commune de la région de Frioul-Vénétie Julienne.

Mexique

 Santa María de los Ángeles, une municipalité de l'État de Jalisco.

Panama
 Le district de Santa María dans la province de Herrera
 Santa Maria (Panama) capitale du district de Santa María dans la province de Herrera.

Paraguay

 Santa María, une ville et un district dans le département de Misiones.

Philippines

 Santa Maria, une municipalité de la province de Bulacan ;
 Santa Maria, une municipalité de la province du Davao occidental ;
 Santa Maria, une municipalité de la province d'Ilocos Sur ;
 Santa Maria, une municipalité de la province d'Isabela ;
 Santa Maria (Laguna) ;
 Santa Maria, une municipalité de la province de Pangasinan ;
 Santa Maria, une municipalité de la province de Romblon.

Portugal

 Santa Maria, une île des Açores ;
 Santa Maria, une freguesia dans le district de Leiria ;
 Santa Maria, une freguesia dans le district de Santarém ;
 Santa Maria, une ancienne freguesia du concelho de Bragance ;
 Santa Maria da Feira, une municipalité de la région Centre ;
 Santa Maria de Viseu, une paroisse de la municipalité de Viseu dans la région Centre.
 Cabo de Santa Maria, cap au sud du Portugal

Suisse

 Santa Maria Val Müstair, une commune du canton des Grisons ;
 Santa Maria in Calanca, une commune du canton des Grisons.

Vanuatu
 Santa Maria ou Santa Maria Island, l'ancien nom de l'île de Gaua

Venezuela
 Santa María, capitale de la paroisse civile de Santa María de la municipalité de Ribero dans l'État de Sucre.

Subdivisions
 Santa María : l'une des cinq paroisses civiles de la municipalité de Ribero dans l'État de Sucre ;
 Santa María del Horcón : l'une des trois paroisses civiles de la municipalité de Monte Carmelo dans l'État de Trujillo ;
 Santa María de Ipire, municipalité de l'État de Guárico ;
 Santa María de Ipire, chef-lieu de la municipalité de Santa María de Ipire ;
 Santa María de Ipire, paroisse civile de la municipalité de Santa María de Ipire.

Histoire

 La Santa Maria, une caraque ayant servi de navire amiral à Christophe Colomb lors de son premier voyage.
Le Cabo Santa Maria, un cargo échoué en 1968 sur la côté de l'île de Boa Vista au Cap-Vert.
 C'est aussi le nom d'une grande caraque de l'ordre de Saint-Jean de Jérusalem prit aux Ottomans, la Santa Maria.
 Le Santa Maria est un paquebot de croisière de luxe portugais détourné en 1961.

Mars
 Santa Maria, un cratère sur Mars

Musique

 Santa Maria est le titre d'un EP et d'une chanson du groupe Gotan Project.
 Santa Maria est le titre d'une chanson allemande de la chanteuse Mireille Mathieu.

Voir aussi

Toponymie italienne
Homonymie de toponyme
Homonymie de communes et d'anciennes communes en France

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


I ordered these for our new pin pads. I was, at first, skeptical, because they were more economical than the other stands that are compatible with our Verifone Pin Pads. I've been burned previously by going with the 'economical' version.
I can't imagine how the others could be that much better!
They are sturdy, they swivel, and they work!
The only reason I give four stars is that it was a little difficult to get the stand and pin pad attached.


Image Title: Hancock Moore San Francisco Tavern Sofa Throughout And Ideas 16. Post Title: Hancock And Moore Sofa. Filename: hancock-moore-san-francisco-tavern-sofa-throughout-and-ideas-16.jpg. Image Dimension: 1800 x 1286 pixels. Images Format: jpg/jpeg. Publisher/Author: Haleigh Hayes. Uploaded Date: Tuesday - October 23rd. 2018 16:24:26 PM. Category: Architecture. Image Source: homedecor.com. Products Sofas Hancock And Moore Within Sofa Decor 3. Products Sofas Hancock And Moore For Sofa Prepare 2. Hancock And Moore Sofa For Plan 5. Hancock Moore Furniture Louis Shanks Austin San Antonio TX In And Sofa Plan 15. Products Sofas Hancock And Moore For Sofa Plan 0. Hancock And Moore Sofas Lexington Furniture For Sofa Plan 8. Hancock And Moore Leather Recliner Reviews Furniture Inside Sofa Decor 19. Hancock Moore Furniture Louis Shanks Austin San Antonio TX Within And Sofa Remodel 10. Hancock Moore Furniture At Hickory Park Galleries Regarding And Sofa Ideas 13. Products Sofas Hancock And Moore In Sofa Remodel 1.


that can be found on the internet and in books are fakes and illustrations.
See here what pictures maybe are real - and what pictures are definitly are fake - IN SOME DAYS HERE!!
"RFZ"s (precursors of the VRIL-Saucers) - CLICK HERE!
VRIL-1 (Jäger) - CLICK HERE!
VRIL-7 ("Geist") - CLICK HERE!
VRIL-8 ("Odin") - CLICK HERE!
The complete Interview from Jan van Helsing about this you can ORDER HERE!


Anguish | ¿Qué Onda Guero?
Some good things said here.
You can also watch this video here.
This entry was posted on Thursday, October 8th, 2009 at 2:41 pm	and posted in Uncategorized.	You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed.


text:
package rltut;

public class FungusAi extends CreatureAi {
	private StuffFactory factory;
	private int spreadcount;

	public FungusAi(Creature creature, StuffFactory factory) {
		super(creature);
		this.factory = factory;
	}

	public void onUpdate(){
		if (spreadcount < 5 && Math.random() < 0.01)
			spread();
	}

	private void spread(){
		int x = creature.x + (int)(Math.random() * 11) - 5;
		int y = creature.y + (int)(Math.random() * 11) - 5;

		if (!creature.canEnter(x, y, creature.z))
			return;

		creature.doAction("spawn a child");

		Creature child = factory.newFungus(creature.z);
		child.x = x;
		child.y = y;
		child.z = creature.z;
		spreadcount++;
	}
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
This Week in Art 11.27-12.3: Theaster Gates Creates a Material Memorial for Tamir Rice
by Lindsey Davis | Nov 27, 2017
© AP Photo/Tony Dejak.
Materials from the gazebo where 12-year-old Tamir Rice was shot in 2014 by Cleveland police are now on view at Theaster Gates' Stony Island Arts Bank in Chicago. The gazebo's wood and brackets are stacked alongside memorial objects and ephemera left by the community ahead of the site's dismantling in 2016. Gates told The Art Newspaper, "This seemingly insignificant piece of architecture allows us to deeply examine the racial, political and economic crises of this country."
Tamir's mother, Samaria Rice, prevented the City of Cleveland from demolishing the gazebo, intending to preserve it as a place for care and engagement. Now, the Arts Bank has organized a series of conversations with archivists, historians, scholars, and artists to contextualize the materials through the winter of 2018. There are plans to reinstall the gazebo outdoors on the Stony Island Arts Bank lawn next year.
Also this week:
Andrea Zittel celebrated the fifteen-year anniversary of her nonprofit High Desert Test Sites—the subject of a 2015 Art21 Extended Play film.
Hiroshi Sugimoto designed a lobby garden for the Japan Society in New York.
And Mel Chin announced his first augmented-reality project, Unmoored, coming to Times Square next year.
On Wednesday a new solo exhibition by Arturo Herrera is opening at Sikkema Jenkins & Co. Entitled Paintings, the show is the artist's first comprised entirely of works on canvas, and will be on view through January 20.
Thursday, November 30 at 7pm—Catherine Opie will be giving the annual Walter Annenberg Lecture at the Whitney, where she'll speak about her practice and the power of photography.
Saturday, December 2 and Sunday, December 3—The New Museum is celebrating its 40th anniversary this weekend with a series of artists in dialogue. Entitled "Who's Afraid of the New Now?," the two-day event will feature artists Lynda Benglis, Mary Heilmann, Joan Jonas, Jeff Koons, Paul McCarthy, Raymond Pettibon, and Doris Salcedo among others.
Friday, December 1 at noon—Cai Guo-Qiang will be giving a lecture at the University of Chicago, followed by the performance of a new gunpowder work as part of the school's event series "Reactions: New Perspectives on our Nuclear Legacy," marking the 75th anniversary of the first nuclear reaction.
On Friday a new Miami museum is celebrating its grand opening with the exhibition The Everywhere Studio, featuring work by Andrea Zittel. The inaugural exhibition will be open at the new Institute of Contemporary Art, Miami through February 26, 2018.
A video installation of Edgar Arceneaux's Until, Until, Until… is opening Friday at Yerba Buena Center for the Arts alongside his work Library of Black Lies—both featured in the artist's Season 8 segment. On view through March 25, 2018, Until, Until, Until… will be performed live in the gallery space February 22–24.
Wednesday, November 29 at 7pm—Chronicle Books is hosting a pop-up exhibition and book signing with William Wegman at Marc Selwyn Fine Art to promote the artist's newly released book, Being Human.
November 30 – December 3—Tesseract, a performative collaboration with choreography by Rashaun Mitchell and Silas Riener, mixed and projected live by Charles Atlas, is coming to REDCAT this weekend as part of the Sharon Disney Lund Dance Series.
kurimanzutto's latest exhibition Never Free to Rest presents works that use abstraction to question the history of Black representation and systems of control. On view through December 16, the show features work by Mark Bradford, Julie Mehretu, and Kara Walker among others.
A new solo exhibition by Ai Weiwei opened last week at Fundación Proa. Dedicated to the artist's public work and interventionist pieces, Inoculation is on view through April 3, 2018.
Wednesday, November 29 at 7pm—Katharina Grosse will discuss her practice and her current solo exhibition at South London Gallery with artist Bharti Kher as part of the event series, open—talks.
Friday, December 1 at 2pm—Theaster Gates will be performing with his experimental musical ensemble, The Black Monks of Mississippi, in spiritual transmissions from gospel to Blues at Centre Pompidou.
The Amsterdam Light Festival kicks off this Thursday, and features a special installation by Ai Weiwei. The artist's thinline will run like a red thread of light along the entire route of the festival's water exhibition, which will continue through January 21, 2018.
Andrea Zittel
Catherine Opie
Charles Atlas
Doris Salcedo
Edgar Arceneaux
Fundación Proa
High Desert Test Sites
ICA Miami
Joan Jonas
Julie Mehretu
Katharina Grosse
Kurimanzutto
Lynda Benglis
Mark Bradford
Mary Heilmann
Mel Chin
Rebuild Foundation
Theaster Gates
Yerba Buena Center for the Arts


text:
Home » Internet, IPO, IPO Bid, Mobile, Online Cab booking, Uber
Uber IPO breakdown: Challenges in India -- local competition, driver protests, background checks, pricing regulation, cash payments
Trisha Jalan
By Trisha Jalan (	@trishajalan trisha@medianama.com ) April 17, 2019
Stiff competition worldwide; food delivery competition in India from Swiggy and Zomato
Uber notes that its competitors have the capital to offer discounted services, driver incentives, consumer discounts & promotions, innovative products and offerings, and alternative pricing models. Some competitors, it said, have more resources and access to larger driver, consumer, restaurant, shipper, or carrier bases in a particular geographic market. Competitors' ability to raise additional capital and of providing incentive is unknown, and "any adverse impact on their ability to do so may force certain of these ridesharing participants to focus more on profitability in the nearer term". Uber notes that competitors offer incentives to both consumers and drivers including Ola in India.
Other brands in some places enjoy more brand recognition, longer presence, larger marketing budgets, better localised knowledge, and more supportive regulatory regimes.
Uber cites its Uber Eats business in India, where it competes with Swiggy and Zomato, "each of which has substantial market-specific knowledge and established relationships with local restaurants", giving them the upper-hand. "Such competitors may be able to respond more quickly and effectively than us in such markets to new or changing opportunities, technologies, consumer preferences, regulations, or standards, which may render our products or offerings less attractive."
Uber also expects to continue using continue using river incentives, consumer discounts and promotions to grow business relative to lower-priced alternatives, such as personal vehicle ownership, to increase engagement, and to maintain balance between driver supply and consumer demand.
Ridesharing category participants that offer incentives to consumers and drivers in the regions in which we operate include Lyft in the United States, OLA in India and Australia, Careem in the Middle East and Africa, and Didi in Latin America.
Drivers: Unrest, background check requirements, regulation, and its impact on Uber's business
The number of drivers and restaurants could decline/fluctuate due to multiple factors such as drivers stopping usage of Uber, enforcement of local laws, low switching costs between competitor platforms, dissatisfaction with brand/reputation, pricing model (including potential reductions in incentives), ability to prevent safety incidents, or other aspects.
Driver "dissatisfaction" disrupt operations: Uber said it continues to experience dissatisfaction from a "significant number" of drivers; it expects this to increase as it would "reduce driver incentives to improve our financial performance". driver dissatisfaction has led to protests by drivers, most recently in India, the UK, and the US, resulting in interruptions of Uber's operations.
Driver dissatisfaction may led to user decline: Continued driver dissatisfaction may also result in decline in users, which could reduce Uber's network liquidity, which would lead to further decline in users. "Any decline in the number of drivers, consumers, restaurants, shippers, or carriers using our platform would reduce the value of our network and would harm our future operating results."
Background check and safety issues
Background checks for drivers: Changes in driver qualification and background-check requirements may increase Uber's costs and reduce its ability to onboard additional drivers.. These checks vary by jurisdiction; regulators, legislators, prosecutors, taxicab owners, and consumers, have alleged that Uber's background check process is insufficient or inadequate. Such checks for drivers for just Uber Eats are generally less extensive than those for ridesharing drivers.
Regulation for background checks: New regulations or laws requiring drivers to undergo a different type of qualification, screening, or background check process, may come in. Changes in these processes could either reduce the number of drivers in some geographies or extend the time required to hire new drivers.
Limitations in background checks: Uber relies on a single background-check provider in certain jurisdictions, and it may not be able to "arrange for adequate background checks from a different provider on commercially reasonable terms or at all". If such a provider fails to provide background checks on a timely basis, Uber would be unable to onboard new drivers or retain existing drivers.
Investment in autonomous vehicles: Uber said its also investing in autonomous vehicle strategy, which may add to driver dissatisfaction over time, as it may reduce the need for drivers.
Risks relating to users' behaviour, background checks, criminal activity and more
Criminal activity by users: Uber's retention of drivers, consumers, restaurants, shippers, and carriers may be impacted if users engage in criminal or dangerous activity resulting in safety incidents causing reputational damage, liabilities for Uber. Uber may face litigation related to claims by drivers for the actions of consumers or third parties.
Criminal activity by drivers: Drivers or carriers, or if people impersonate drivers and engage in criminal activity or misconduct, or use Uber for criminal activity. Uber expects to continue to receive complaints from riders and other consumers, and also actual or threatened legal action related to driver conduct.
Risks relating to inadequate background checks: Qualification processes and background checks on Drivers (through third-party service providers) may not expose all potentially relevant information, they are also limited in certain countries due to national and local laws. Third-party service providers may fail to conduct such background checks adequately. Qualification and background check standards for Uber Eats drivers are generally less extensive than those conducted for Ridesharing drivers. In addition, we do not independently test drivers' driving skills.
Abuse by driver, Uber rape case New Delhi: "There have been numerous incidents and allegations worldwide of drivers, or individuals impersonating drivers, sexually assaulting, abusing, and kidnapping consumers, or otherwise engaging in criminal activity while using our platform." For example, in December 2014, a driver in New Delhi, India kidnapped and raped a female consumer, and was convicted in October 2015. Furthermore, if consumers engage in criminal activity or misconduct while using our platform, drivers and restaurants may be unwilling to continue using our platform.
Violence and assault against drivers: Certain regions where Uber operates have high rates of violent crime, which has impacted drivers and consumers in those regions. In Latin America, there have been numerous and increasing reports of drivers and consumers being victimized by violent crime, such as armed robbery, violent assault, and rape, while taking or providing a trip on our platform.
Accident liability on Uber: Uber may be subject to claims of significant liability based on traffic accidents, deaths, injuries, or other incidents that are caused by drivers, consumers, or third parties while using our platform, or even not actively using the platform.
Insurance liability: Uber's auto and general liability insurance policies may not cover all potential claims, and may be inadequate to absolve it of all liability. Uber may face increased operating costs, affecting business, operating results, and future prospects. "Even if these claims do not result in liability, we will incur significant costs in investigating and defending against them. As we expand our products and offerings, such as Uber Freight and dockless e-bikes and e-scooters, this insurance risk will grow."
Uber's policy of allowing cash payments for rides and food delivery in certain markets, including in India, raises numerous regulatory, operational, and safety concerns. Cash-paid trips accounted for nearly 13% of all global gross bookings in 2018. It offers cash payments to drivers for ride-sharing and for food delivery India, Brazil, and Mexico, and in some countries in Latin America, Europe, the Middle East, and Africa. These payments include the service fee from rides and meal deliveries. Cahs payments may increase accounting for markets in which Careem operates. Some notes from the IPO on cash payments:
Concerns regarding cash payments: "Many jurisdictions have specific regulations regarding the use of cash for ridesharing," Any failure to comply with such regulations could result in significant penalties and or suspension orders.
Security risks for drivers: The use of cash increases security risks for drivers and riders, including potential robbery, assault, violent or fatal attacks, and other criminal acts. In Brazil, serious safety incidents resulting in robberies and violent, fatal attacks on drivers while using our platform have been reported.
Infrastructure issues around managing cash payments: Establishing proper infrastructure to ensure that we receive the correct service fee on cash trips is complex and means that Uber cannot collect the entire service fee for certain of our cash-based trips. Uber's systems for cash collections and deposits are not always effective, convenient, or widely-adopted by drivers. Creating and maintaining such systems require effort and resources, and Uber cannot guarantee that these systems will be effective in collecting dues.
Increased regulatory burden: Using cash raises compliance risks, including anti-money laundering laws. Uber may be affected if drivers fail to pay it, or if its own collection systems fail.
Pricing regulation
Uber's revenue depends on the pricing model used to calculate consumer fares and driver earnings. Uber says this has been and will likely continue to be challenged, banned, limited in emergencies, and capped in certain countries.
In 2016, Uber agreed not to calculate fares exceeding the maximum government mandated fares in New Delhi following a petition Delhi HC relating to surge pricing.
Additional regulation of the pricing model could increase operating costs and adversely affect business. The model has been the subject of litigation and regulatory inquiries related to the calculation of and statements regarding consumer fares and driver earnings, the use of surge pricing during emergencies and natural disasters.
Competition laws
Increasing number of governments are enforcing competition laws with increased scrutiny, including in large markets such as the EU, the United States, Brazil, and India, around issues of predatory pricing, price-fixing, and abuse of market power. Many of these jurisdictions also allow competitors or consumers to assert claims of anti-competitive conduct. Complaints have been filed the US and India, alleging that our prices are too high (surge pricing) or too low (discounts or predatory pricing), or both.
Governments or regulators may prohibit future acquisitions, divestitures, or combinations or, impose significant penalties, may require divestiture of assets, impose other restrictions, including limitations Uber's contractual relationships with users or restrictions on our pricing models.
Uber said it operates in countries known to have high levels of corruption; it received received requests from the US DOJ in May 2017 and August 2017 with respect to an investigation into allegations of small payments to police in Indonesia. The investigation also concerned other potential improper payments in India, Malaysia and China. The investigation is ongoing, and Uber may be subject to criminal sanctions or other liabilities if found guilty.
Risks of operating in international markets
As of December 2018, markets outside the US accounted for 74% of all trips. Uber said its business is substantially dependent on operations outside the United States, including those in markets in which we have limited experience, where its business will be adversely impacted if its unable to manage the attendant risks.
Uber will continue investing in international operations and competition with local competitors. Its been making significant investments in incentives and promotions to help drive growth in India, a country in which local competitors, particularly Ola, Swiggy, and Zomato, are well capitalized and have local operating expertise.
Listed risks of operating in countries outside of the US:
operational and compliance challenges caused by distance, language, and cultural differences;
resources required to localise business, such as translation of our mobile app and website into foreign languages and the adaptation of operations to local practices, laws, and regulations
restrictive laws and regulations, including those governing competition, pricing, payment methods, Internet activities, transportation services (such as taxis and vehicles for hire), transportation network companies (such as ridesharing), logistics services, payment processing and payment gateways, real estate tenancy laws, tax and social security laws, employment and labor laws, driver screening and background checks, licensing regulations, email messaging, privacy, location services, collection, use, processing, or sharing of personal information, ownership of intellectual property, and other activities important to our business;
competition with local companies or other services (such as taxis or vehicles for hire) that understand local markets better than we do, that have pre-existing relationships with potential platform users in those markets, or that are favoured by government or regulatory authorities in those markets;
differing levels of social acceptance of our brand, products, and offerings;
differing levels of technological compatibility with our platform;
exposure to business cultures in which improper business practices may be prevalent;
legal uncertainty regarding our liability for the actions of platform users and third parties, including uncertainty resulting from unique local laws or a lack of clear legal precedent;
difficulties in managing, growing, and staffing international operations, including in countries in which foreign employees may become part of labor unions, employee representative bodies, or collective bargaining agreements, and challenges relating to work stoppages or slowdowns;
fluctuations in currency exchange rates;
managing operations in markets in which cash transactions are favoured over credit or debit cards;
regulations governing the control of local currencies that impact our ability to collect fares on behalf of drivers and remit those funds to drivers in the same currencies, as well as higher levels of credit risk and payment fraud;
adverse tax consequences, including the complexities of foreign value added tax systems, and restrictions on the repatriation of earnings;
increased financial accounting and reporting burdens, and complexities associated with implementing and maintaining adequate internal controls;
difficulties in implementing and maintaining the financial systems and processes needed to enable compliance across multiple offerings and jurisdictions;
import and export restrictions and changes in trade regulation;
political, social, and economic instability abroad, terrorist attacks and security concerns in general, and societal crime conditions that can directly impact platform users; and
reduced or varied protection for intellectual property rights in some markets.
Netflix looks at cheaper plans and more local content to grow in India; over 80% of new subscribers came from outside the US in Q1FY19
EU law to boost workers' rights in gig economy


text:
Watch William Michael Morgan's National TV Debut as He Performs "I Met a Girl" on "Today"
Fresh off of his December 30 engagement to Jennifer Wayne, William Michael Morgan headed to New York City to make his national television debut on the Today show.
William performed his Billboard Top 5 hit, "I Met a Girl"—a tune written by Sam Hunt, Trevor Rosen and Shane McAnally—which was the lead single from his 2016 debut album, Vinyl.
"It's such a pleasure [to be here], I'm a huge fan of yours, thank you so much for having me on here," said William Michael to Today hosts Hoda Kotb and Jenna Bush Hager. "We were lucky enough to have our first [Mediabase] number one song in 2016. It's been such a great year for us. I'm going to sing my very first song, my very first number one. It's a song called 'I Met a Girl.'"
Check out the performance below.
Filed Under: NCD News