text:
package vexatos.cheatycomputers;

import net.minecraftforge.client.MinecraftForgeClient;
import vexatos.cheatycomputers.client.PackageItemRenderer;

/**
 * @author Vexatos
 */
public class ClientProxy extends CommonProxy {

	@Override
	public void registerRenderers() {
		MinecraftForgeClient.registerItemRenderer(CheatyComputers.item, new PackageItemRenderer());
	}
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
"Irregular Warfare" and Mafia in Turkey
May 25, 2021 2399 views0
By Cenk Ağcabay
The story of On the Waterfront, the movie released in 1954, is the struggle of workers with mafia organizations trying to suppress the growing dockers' movement in the US. In the film, Marlon Brando features a gang member who initially tries to suppress the dockers by force. However, the character experiences a transformation over time and joins the fight alongside the dockers. The screenplay for the movie was written based on actual events of that period reflected in a series of articles in a daily newspaper. As it is well-known, mafia groups played an essential role in suppressing the working classes' struggle in the US. In the era, the state apparatus in the US had active secret services, police, and military to suppress the growing movement of the working class. Yet, mafia groups, a force then highly empowered, were involved in operations to suppress the working class as an integral or a complementary part of the state forces.
Moreover, this is not specific to America but extensive in many other countries. Again, it was also common to use mafia groups both as a strike force in operations to suppress popular revolutionary movements and as a source of financing through the drug and arms trade. The US imperialism used this method effectively in suppressing the developing revolutionary movements in Latin America when it declared war against communism worldwide. Thus, the US' liberal democracy did not exclude the use of mafia groups in this manner both inside and outside because the state apparatus was a class power with the interests of the bourgeoisie at its core. Therefore, its primary motive was the protection and expansion of the interests of the bourgeoisie by one or another means. This could be provided by soldiers and police, as well as by the mafia. Besides, hadn't capitalism already started with piracy?
It is known that the word shipowner (armateur) means both the charterer and the pirate or captain of the pirate ship in French. Economic historian Werner Sombart, who discusses the birth and development processes of capitalism in Europe, explains the reason for the binary meanings of the word: "In the XVI century, the people who sent ships to Africa or America in the century were both one and the other." (1) So, they were doing both sea transport and piracy. So much so that, in the words of the British historian Niall Ferguson, British capitalism started by stealing gold. (2) While British pirates attacked Spanish ships carrying gold and silver from America to Europe, these actions were presented as individual initiatives. The lion's share of the spoils flowed to the British palace according to the agreement. This was called licensed piracy. The licensed pirates could receive the title of Sir from the palace after their successful campaigns. In some cases, they could be appointed as governors and judges to the newly captured colonies.
As can be seen, the pirates, which can be considered the mafia groups of that period, were crucial actors in the "irregular" warfare waged over the seas and were integral or complementary parts of the official royal navies of the period. They made significant contributions to the initial accumulation processes of capital. When the rulers of England did not have the power to wage a "regular" war against Spain, they had worked with "irregular" methods of war.
"Irregular" War in Turkey
The story of the "irregular" war in Turkey extends to Turkey's NATO membership. After American imperialism started the war against communism, the formation of NATO-based criminal organizations gained momentum in NATO-member Turkey. NATO, which reorganized the police and the army against the anti-imperialist and developing socialist movements in Turkey, also illegally organized fascist and religious organizations. Racist-fascist and political Islamist organizations rapidly developed under NATO's protectorate in the 60s and 70s. In the 70s, NATO-led fascist gray wolves, which engaged in a high level of violence against the developing worker and peasant movements, organized attacks that killed thousands of people. The founding leader of the fascist Gray Wolves was Alpaslan Turkes, the first Turkish officer to serve in NATO. After his retirement, he became the head of the fascist organization and ordered great massacres. During the worldwide war against communism, the fascist Gray Wolves gained a wide sphere of influence in politics with the strong support of the USA and NATO. They gained important positions in the state organization in Turkey.
"Irregular warfare" is a military doctrine produced in imperialist NATO centers for war against communism. One of the important works written in this context by David Galula is titled "Counterinsurgency Warfare: Theory and Practice." It was translated and published in 1965 by the General Staff in Turkey. According to the book published by one of the central institutions in the country, "the underground elements of an irregular force do not have legal status as a rule." These "underground elements" are an organic part of the state's war against popular revolutionary movements, but they are not restricted by any legal framework. (3) Therefore, they have unlimited freedom to commit crimes against the people.
Irregular Warfare in the AKP Era
With the events in Turkey in the last few weeks, the political crisis has rapidly deepened. Sedat Peker, one of the leading chiefs of the Fascist Gray Wolves and a mafia organization, took refuge in the United Arab Emirates. Here, Peker published videos in which he reveals about the state, mafia, and political relations in Turkey. These videos watched and shared by millions of social media users.
The "irregular warfare" waged against popular revolutionary movements in Turkey in the 1960s and 70s has turned towards the struggle of the Kurdish people for their democratic-political rights since the 1980s. In this context, extrajudicial executions and torture became the usual "irregular warfare" practices in the 1990s and continued to the present day. So much so that, when Sedat Peker disclosed his deep relations with the state in the videos he published, Süleyman Soylu, the Minister of Internal Affairs of the Turkish state, replied, "Organized criminal organizations are one of the most important apparatus of irregular warfare."
Peker's disclosure campaign is based in the United Arab Emirates. This country, with whom the Turkish government has had the most challenging conflicts in recent years, runs like a US province in the region. It is not possible to continue a campaign carried out from there, which creates political shocks in Turkey, without the approval of the "colonial governor" of the province. This means that a political will has taken action intending to dismantle the existing alliance configuration of Tayyip Erdogan and provide the conditions to form new political power.
When Tayyip Erdogan came to power nearly two decades ago, he promised to fight decisively against criminal organizations nested within the state. Peker's revelations indicate that Tayyip Erdogan and the Justice and Development Party (AKP) government have developed a strong relationship with these organizations and established a close partnership against the workers' and oppressed peoples' struggles. The confessions of Sedat Peker are crucial both in terms of revealing the extent of the state protection provided to mafia organizations and in terms of shedding light on some unidentified political murders committed in Turkey in the 90s.
The desire of the Turkish bourgeoisie to obtain a larger share of the Middle East market and Middle East energy resources has been the primary motivation of the foreign policy implemented by the AKP government for 15 years. In this process, the state's "irregular warfare" strategy went beyond its borders and extended from Syria to Libya. Jihadist gangs and fascist Gray Wolves were settled in Syria by the Turkish state in line with the "irregular warfare" and committed massacres in Syria. At that time, one of the firm allies of the state, Sedat Peker, who gifted weapons and military vehicles to these forces fighting in Syria, was praised in the press.
Revelations by the Mob Boss
As a result of the rent-sharing fight between these actors, Sedat Peker left Turkey and went on a journey that ended in the United Arab Emirates. A crucial piece of information Peker gave in his videos was about the murder of Ugur Mumcu, one of Turkey's well-known journalists, by a bomb planted in his car in 1993. Ugur Mumcu's books and writings traced the mafia groups in Turkey and their relationship with the Turkish state's security organizations and the CIA. No traces of the perpetrators of this bombing in 1993 have been found and punished. Peker has stated that this murder was carried out by authorized personnel in the Turkish Armed Forces Special Forces Command.
Peker also made important statements about another political assassination committed in Cyprus. The journalist Kutlu Adali, who had advocated the peaceful coexistence of the Turkish and Greek peoples in a single state with equal rights throughout his life in Cyprus, died in 1996 after an attack. Sedat Peker stated that Kutlu Adali was killed in an operation commanded by Korkut Eken, one of the Turkish Armed Forces Special Operations Forces commanders. The most substantial proof of Peker's claim is a trip that Korkut Eken made to Cyprus at that time with Peker's brother Atilla Peker. After Sedat Peker's statement, his brother Atilla Peker was detained in Turkey. In his statement, Atilla Peker stated that they went to Cyprus with Korkut Eken and that Eken used expressions about Kutlu Adali such as "traitor," "he will sell Cyprus to the Greeks." Answering the questions of journalists, Korkut Eken admitted that he went to Cyprus with Atilla Peker. As Special Forces Commander, he left unanswered questions about his reasons for traveling with a mafia leader.
Peker also claimed that AKP politicians close to Tayyip Erdogan took part in cocaine traffic with South America. All these statements led to a debate within the AKP and deepened the ongoing political crisis in Turkey. Some voices within the AKP started to utter, breaking the ties of the AKP's ally, the fascist Gray Wolves' Nationalist Movement Party (MHP). Tayyip Erdogan gave the message that he is determined to continue the alliance with his statements. These statements of Erdogan mean the acceptance of the state's association with mafia organizations from the highest level. Since the state institutions are under the control of the AKP and the fascist Gray Wolves, no prosecutor initiated any legal action after these crucial statements. The AKP-MHP government, which has completely turned into a criminal empire, uses threats and blackmail weapons to suppress rising criticism.
It is a common belief that Sedat Peker might make new statements directly about Tayyip Erdogan and his family soon. So much so that millions of people are waiting for these revelations. If these revelations happen, the depth of the political crisis will increase. Likewise, the pressure and violent practices of the AKP-MHP government against the resistant people will also increase. Peker is expected to expose the secret activities of the AKP-MHP government in Syria and Libya. Peker had hinted at this in one of his videos. Tayyip Erdogan's role in the dirty war in Syria for ten years is essential. The revelations are from the United Arab Emirates, and it is not easy for the UAE to host such a business without the permission of its boss, the United States. In this context, it can be said that Peker's revelations have turned into a geo-strategic weapon in the hands of the USA as it did not, somehow, prevent the publication of these videos. The aim might be to drive the AKP and Tayyip Erdogan into the corner and align Erdogan with the US policies in the Middle East, Black Sea, and the Caucasus.
(1) Werner Sombart. (2008). Burjuva. İstanbul: Doğu Batı.
(2) Niall Ferguson. Empire: The Rise and Demise of the British World Order and the Lessons for the Global Power. New York: Basic Books.
(3) Cited in Suat Parlar. (1997). Kontrgerilla Kıskacında Türkiye. İstanbul: Bibliotek.
Cenk Ağcabay
JDP
Socialist Critique
Understanding the pandemic: before and after- Vijay Prashad
Understanding the pandemic: before and after- Prof. Dr. Kees Van der Pijl
Middle East, Socialism and Anti-imperialism

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Apologies for the massive amount of cross-posting I just did!
Disclaimer: These aren't my worlds. I just wish they were.
Timeframe: Supernatural post-season 5, through season 6 (with obvious variants). Buffyverse, post-Chosen but doesn't include any of the Season 8 canon.


text:
Zinplava
Generic Name: bezlotoxumab injection
Brand Name: Zinplava
Last updated on RxList: 7/15/2021
home drugs a-z list side effects drug center zinplava (bezlotoxumab injection) drug
Augmentin Augmentin Chewable Tablets Augmentin ES Augmentin XR Cubicin Cubicin RF Trovan-Zithromax Zithromax Zithromax Injection
Clostridium Difficile Colitis (C. diff, C. difficle Colitis) Is C. diff (Clostridium difficile) Contagious?
Zinplava vs. Dificid Zinplava vs. Flagyl Zinplava vs. Vancomycin
Indications & Dosage
Side Effects & Drug Interactions
Warnings & Precautions
Overdosage & Contraindications
What is Zinplava and how is it used?
Zinplava is a prescription medicine used to treat the symptoms of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI). Zinplava may be used alone or with other medications.
Zinplava belongs to a class of drugs called Monoclonal Antibodies.
It is not known if Zinplava is safe and effective in children younger than 18 years of age.
What are the possible side effects of Zinplava?
Zinplava may cause serious side effects including:
hives,
difficulty breathing,
swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat,
worsening symptoms of Clostridium difficile infection,
severe stomach pain,
watery diarrhea,
swelling in your hands, ankles, or feet,
rapid weight gain, and
Get medical help right away, if you have any of the symptoms listed above.
The most common side effects of Zinplava include:
fever, and
Tell the doctor if you have any side effect that bothers you or that does not go away.
These are not all the possible side effects of Zinplava. For more information, ask your doctor or pharmacist.
Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.
Bezlotoxumab is a human monoclonal antibody that binds to C. difficile toxin B and neutralizes its effects. Bezlotoxumab is an IgG1 immunoglobulin with an approximate molecular weight of 148.2 kDa.
ZINPLAVA (bezlotoxumab) Injection is a sterile, preservative-free, clear to moderately opalescent, colorless to pale yellow solution that requires dilution for intravenous infusion. The product is provided in a 50 mL vial that contains 1000 mg of bezlotoxumab in 40 mL of solution. Each mL of solution contains bezlotoxumab (25 mg), citric acid monohydrate (0.8 mg), diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (0.0078 mg), polysorbate 80 (0.25 mg), sodium chloride (8.77 mg), sodium citrate dihydrate (4.75 mg), and Water for Injection, USP. The vial may contain sodium hydroxide to adjust the pH to 6.0.
Zinplava coupons
3 pharmacies near 20147 have coupons for Zinplava (Brand Names:Zinplava for 40ML of 1000MG/40ML)
ZINPLAVA™ is indicated to reduce recurrence of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) in patients 18 years of age or older who are receiving antibacterial drug treatment of CDI and are at a high risk for CDI recurrence.
ZINPLAVA is not indicated for the treatment of CDI. ZINPLAVA is not an antibacterial drug. ZINPLAVA should only be used in conjunction with antibacterial drug treatment of CDI. [See DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION]
Important Administration Instructions
Administer ZINPLAVA during antibacterial drug treatment for CDI.
Dosing Recommendations In Adults
The recommended dose of ZINPLAVA is a single dose of 10 mg/kg administered as an intravenous infusion over 60 minutes. The safety and efficacy of repeat administration of ZINPLAVA in patients with CDI have not been studied.
Preparation And Administration
Preparation Of Diluted Solution
ZINPLAVA must be diluted prior to intravenous infusion.
Prepare the diluted solution immediately after removal of the vial(s) from refrigerated storage, or the vial(s) may be stored at room temperature protected from light for up to 24 hours prior to preparation of the diluted solution.
Inspect vial contents for discoloration and particulate matter prior to dilution. ZINPLAVA is a clear to moderately opalescent, colorless to pale yellow solution. Do not use the vial if the solution is discolored or contains visible particles.
Do not shake the vial.
Withdraw the required volume from the vial(s) based on the patient's weight (in kg) and transfer into an intravenous bag containing either 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, USP or 5% Dextrose Injection, USP to prepare a diluted solution with a final concentration ranging from 1 mg/mL to 10 mg/mL. Mix diluted solution by gentle inversion. Do not shake.
Discard vial(s) and all unused contents.
Storage Of Diluted Solution
The product does not contain preservative. The diluted solution of ZINPLAVA may be stored either at room temperature for up to 16 hours or under refrigeration at 2°C to 8°C (36°F to 46°F) for up to 24 hours. If refrigerated, allow the intravenous bag to come to room temperature prior to use.
These time limits include storage of the infusion solution in the intravenous bag through the duration of infusion.
Do not freeze the diluted solution.
Administer the diluted solution as an intravenous infusion over 60 minutes using a sterile, nonpyrogenic, low-protein binding 0.2 micron to 5 micron in-line or add-on filter.
The diluted solution can be infused via a central line or peripheral catheter. Do not administer ZINPLAVA as an intravenous push or bolus.
Do not co-administer other drugs simultaneously through the same infusion line.
HOW SUPPLIED
Dosage Forms And Strengths
Injection: 1,000 mg/40 mL (25 mg/mL) clear to moderately opalescent, colorless to pale yellow solution in a single-dose vial.
Storage And Handling
ZINPLAVA Injection: is a sterile, preservative-free, clear to moderately opalescent, colorless to pale yellow solution and is supplied in the following packaging configuration:
Carton (NDC 0006-3025-00) containing one (1) single-dose vial of ZINPLAVA 1,000 mg/40 mL (25 mg/mL).
Store in a refrigerator, 2°C to 8°C (36°F to 46°F) in original carton to protect from light. Do Not Freeze. Do Not Shake.
Manufactured by: Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., a subsidiary of MERCK & CO., INC., Whitehouse Station, NJ 08889,USA.U.S. License No. 0002. At: MSD Ireland (Carlow), County Carlow, Ireland, For patent information: www.merck.com/product/patent/home.html. Revised: Oct 2016
Super Tips to Boost Digestive Health: Bloating, Constipation, and More See Slideshow
Clinical Trials Experience
Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.
The safety of ZINPLAVA was evaluated in two placebo-controlled, Phase 3 trials (Trial 1 n= 390 and Trial 2 n= 396). Patients received a single 10 mg/kg intravenous infusion of ZINPLAVA and concomitant standard of care antibacterial drugs (metronidazole, vancomycin or fidaxomicin) for CDI (SoC). Adverse reactions reported within the first 4 weeks after ZINPLAVA was administered are described for the pooled Phase 3 trial population of 786 patients. The median age of patients receiving ZINPLAVA was 65 years (range 18 to 100), 50% were age 65 years or older, 56% were female, and 83% were white.
The most common adverse reactions following treatment with ZINPLAVA (reported in ≥ 4% of patients within the first 4 weeks of infusion and with a frequency greater than placebo) were nausea, pyrexia, and headache (see Table 1).
Table 1: Adverse Reactions Reported in ≥ 4% of ZINPLAVA-Treated Patients with CDI and at a Frequency Greater than Placebo in Trial 1 and Trial 2*,†
Adverse Reaction ZINPLAVA with SoC‡
N=786 % Placebo with SoC‡
N=781 %
Nausea 7% 5%
General disorders and administration site conditions
Pyrexia 5% 3%
Headache 4% 3%
* All patients as treated population, defined as all randomized patients who received a dose of study medication, by treatment received
† Adverse reactions reported within 4 weeks of administration of ZINPLAVA or placebo
‡ SoC = Standard of Care antibacterial drugs (metronidazole or vancomycin or fidaxomicin) for CDI
Serious adverse reactions occurring within 12 weeks following infusion were reported in 29% of ZINPLAVA-treated patients and 33% of placebo-treated patients. Heart failure was reported as a serious adverse reaction in 2.3% of the ZINPLAVA-treated patients and 1.0% of the placebo-treated patients [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].
One patient discontinued the ZINPLAVA infusion due to ventricular tachyarrhythmia that occurred 30 minutes after the start of the infusion.
Mortality rates were 7.1% and 7.6% in ZINPLAVA-treated patients and placebo-treated patients, respectively, during the 12-week follow-up period.
Infusion Related Reactions
Overall, 10% of ZINPLAVA-treated patients experienced one or more infusion specific adverse reactions on the day of, or the day after, the infusion compared to 8% of placebo-treated patients. Infusion specific adverse reactions reported in ≥ 0.5% of patients receiving ZINPLAVA and at a frequency greater than placebo were nausea (3%), fatigue (1%), pyrexia (1%), dizziness (1%), headache (2%), dyspnea (1%) and hypertension (1%). Of these patients, 78% and 20% of patients experienced mild and moderate adverse reactions, respectively. These reactions resolved within 24 hours following onset.
As with all therapeutic proteins, there is a potential for immunogenicity following administration of ZINPLAVA. The detection of antibody formation is highly dependent on the sensitivity and specificity of the assay. Additionally, the observed incidence of antibody (including neutralizing antibody) positivity in an assay may be influenced by several factors including assay methodology, sample handling, timing of sample collection, concomitant medications, and underlying disease. For these reasons, comparison of the incidence of antibodies to bezlotoxumab in the studies described below with the incidence of antibodies in other studies or to other products may be misleading.
Following treatment with ZINPLAVA in Trial 1 and Trial 2, none of the 710 evaluable patients tested positive for treatment-emergent anti-bezlotoxumab antibodies.
Since ZINPLAVA is eliminated by catabolism, no metabolic drug-drug interactions are expected [see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY].
Included as part of the PRECAUTIONS section.
Heart failure was reported more commonly in the two Phase 3 clinical trials in ZINPLAVA-treated patients compared to placebo-treated patients. These adverse reactions occurred primarily in patients with underlying congestive heart failure (CHF). In patients with a history of CHF, 12.7% (15/118) of ZINPLAVA-treated patients and 4.8% (5/104) of placebo-treated patients had the serious adverse reaction of heart failure during the 12-week study period [see ADVERSE REACTIONS]. Additionally, in patients with a history of CHF, there were more deaths in ZINPLAVA-treated patients, 19.5% (23/118) than in placebo-treated patients, 12.5% (13/104) during the 12-week study period. The causes of death varied and included cardiac failure, infections, and respiratory failure.
In patients with a history of CHF, ZINPLAVA should be reserved for use when the benefit outweighs the risk.
Nonclinical Toxicology
Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment Of Fertility
No studies have been performed to test the potential of bezlotoxumab for carcinogenicity or genotoxicity.
Fertility studies have not been conducted with bezlotoxumab.
Use In Specific Populations
Risk Summary
Adequate and well controlled studies with ZINPLAVA have not been conducted in pregnant women. No animal reproductive and developmental studies have been conducted with bezlotoxumab.
The background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown; however, the background risk in the U.S. general population of major birth defects is 2-4% and of miscarriage is 15-20% of clinically recognized pregnancies.
There is no information regarding the presence of bezlotoxumab in human milk, the effects on the breast-fed infant, or the effects on milk production.
The developmental and health benefits of breastfeeding should be considered along with the mother's clinical need for ZINPLAVA and any potential adverse effects on the breastfed child from ZINPLAVA or from the underlying maternal condition.
Safety and efficacy of ZINPLAVA in patients below 18 years of age have not been established.
Of the 786 patients treated with ZINPLAVA, 50% were 65 years of age and over, and 27% were 75 years of age and over. No overall differences in safety and efficacy were observed between these subjects and younger subjects [see Clinical Studies]. No dose adjustment is necessary for patients ≥ 65 years of age [see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY].
There is no clinical experience with overdosage of ZINPLAVA. In case of overdose, patients should be closely monitored for signs or symptoms of adverse reactions, and appropriate symptomatic treatment should be instituted.
ZINPLAVA (bezlotoxumab) is a human monoclonal antibody that binds to C. difficile toxin B and neutralizes its effects [see Microbiology].
The pharmacokinetics of bezlotoxumab were studied in 1515 CDI patients in two Phase 3 trials (Trial 1 and Trial 2). Based on a population PK analysis, the geometric mean (%CV) clearance of bezlotoxumab was 0.317 L/day (41%), with a mean volume of distribution of 7.33 L (16%), and elimination half-life (t½) of approximately 19 days (28%). After a single intravenous dose of 10 mg/kg bezlotoxumab, geometric mean AUC0-INF and Cmax were 53000 mcg•h/mL and 185 mcg/mL, respectively, in the patients with CDI. The clearance of bezlotoxumab increased with increasing body weight; the resulting exposure differences are adequately addressed by the administration of a weight-based dose. Bezlotoxumab is eliminated by catabolism.
Gender, Race, Ethnicity, and Co-Morbid Conditions
The following factors had no clinically meaningful effect on the exposure of bezlotoxumab: gender, race, ethnicity, and presence of co-morbid conditions.
Patients with Renal Impairment
The effect of renal impairment on the pharmacokinetics of bezlotoxumab was evaluated in patients with mild (eGFR 60 to < 90 mL/min/1.73 m²), moderate (eGFR 30 to < 60 mL/min/1.73 m²), or severe (eGFR 15 to < 30 mL/min/1.73 m²) renal impairment, or with end stage renal disease (Egfr < 15 mL/min/1.73 m²), as compared to patients with normal (eGFR ≥ 90 mL/min/1.73 m²) renal function. No clinically meaningful differences in the exposure of bezlotoxumab were found between patients with renal impairment and patients with normal renal function.
Patients With Hepatic Impairment
The effect of hepatic impairment on the pharmacokinetics of bezlotoxumab was evaluated in patients with hepatic impairment (defined as having two or more of the following: [1] albumin ≤ 3.1 g/dL; [2] ALT ≥ 2X ULN; [3] total bilirubin ≥ 1.3X ULN; or [4] mild, moderate or severe liver disease as reported by the Charlson Co-morbidity Index), as compared to patients with normal hepatic function. No clinically meaningful differences in the exposure of bezlotoxumab were found between patients with hepatic impairment and patients with normal hepatic function.
Geriatric Patients
The effect of age on the pharmacokinetics of bezlotoxumab was evaluated in patients ranging from 18 to 100 years of age. No clinically meaningful differences in the exposure of bezlotoxumab were found between patients 65 years and older and patients under 65 years of age.
Drug Interaction Studies
Because bezlotoxumab is eliminated by catabolism, no metabolic drug-drug interactions are expected.
Bezlotoxumab is a human monoclonal antibody that binds C. difficile toxin B with an equilibrium dissociation constant (Kd) of < 1×10-9M. Bezlotoxumab inhibits the binding of toxin B and prevents its effects on mammalian cells. Bezlotoxumab does not bind to C. difficile toxin A.
Activity In Vitro
Bezlotoxumab binds to an epitope on toxin B that is conserved across reported strains of C. difficile, although amino acid sequence variation within the epitope does occur. In vitro studies in cell-based assays using Vero cells or Caco-2 cells, suggest that bezlotoxumab neutralizes the toxic effects of toxin B.
The safety and efficacy of ZINPLAVA were investigated in two randomized, double-blind, placebocontrolled, multicenter, Phase 3 trials (Trial 1 and Trial 2) in patients receiving Standard of Care antibacterial drugs for treatment of CDI (SoC). Randomization was stratified by SoC (metronidazole, vancomycin, or fidaxomicin) and hospitalization status (inpatient vs. outpatient) at the time of study entry.
Enrolled patients were 18 years of age or older and had a confirmed diagnosis of CDI, which was defined as diarrhea (passage of 3 or more loose bowel movements in 24 or fewer hours) and a positive stool test for toxigenic C. difficile from a stool sample collected no more than 7 days before study entry. Patients were excluded if surgery for CDI was planned, or if they had uncontrolled chronic diarrheal illness. Patients received a 10- to 14-day course of oral SoC and a single infusion of ZINPLAVA or placebo was administered during the course of SoC. Patients on oral vancomycin or oral fidaxomicin could have also received intravenous metronidazole. Choice of SoC was at the discretion of the health care provider. The day of the infusion of ZINPLAVA or placebo in relation to the start of SoC ranged from the day prior to the start of SoC to 14 days after the start of SoC with the median being day 3 of SoC.
In Trial 1, 403 patients were randomized to receive ZINPLAVA and 404 patients were randomized to receive placebo. In Trial 2, 407 subjects were randomized to receive ZINPLAVA and 399 patients were randomized to receive placebo. The Full Analysis Set (FAS) was a subset of all randomized subjects with exclusions for: (i) not receiving infusion of study medication; (ii) not having a positive local stool test for toxigenic C. difficile; (iii) not receiving protocol defined standard of care therapy within a 1 day window of the infusion. The baseline characteristics of the 1554 patients randomized to ZINPLAVA or placebo in the FAS were similar across treatment arms and in Trial 1 and Trial 2. The median age was 65 years, 85% were white, 57% were female, and 68% were inpatients. A similar proportion of patients received oral metronidazole (48%) or oral vancomycin (48%) and 4% of the patients received oral fidaxomicin as their SoC.
The following risk factors associated with a high risk of CDI recurrence or CDI-related adverse outcomes were present in the study population: 51% were ≥ 65 years of age, 39% received one or more systemic antibacterial drugs (during the 12-week follow-up period), 28% had one or more episodes of CDI within the six months prior to the episode under treatment (15% had two or more episodes prior to the episode under treatment), 21% were immunocompromised and 16% presented at study entry with clinically severe CDI (as defined by a Zar score of ≥ 21). A hypervirulent strain (ribotypes 027, 078 or 244) was isolated in 22% of patients who had a positive baseline culture, of which 87% (189 of 217 strains) were ribotype 027.
Patients were assessed for clinical cure of the presenting CDI episode, defined as no diarrhea for 2 consecutive days following the completion of a ≤ 14 day SoC regimen. Patients who achieved clinical cure were then assessed for recurrence of CDI through 12 weeks following administration of the infusion of ZINPLAVA or placebo. CDI recurrence was defined as the development of a new episode of diarrhea associated with a positive stool test for toxigenic C. difficile following clinical cure of the presenting CDI episode. Sustained clinical response was defined as clinical cure of the presenting CDI episode and no CDI recurrence through 12 weeks after infusion. Table 2 contains the results for Trial 1 and Trial 2.
Table 2: Efficacy Results Through 12 Weeks After Infusion (Trial 1 and Trial 2, Full Analysis Set*)
Trial ZINPLAVA with SoC†
n (%) Placebo with SoC†
n (%) Adjusted Difference (95% CI)‡
1 N=386 N=395
Sustained clinical response 232 (60.1) 218 (55.2) 4.8 (-2.1, 11.7)
Reasons for failure to achieve sustained clinical response:
Clinical failure 87 (22.5) 68 (17.2)
Recurrence 67 (17.4) 109 (27.6)
Sustained clinical response 264 (66.8) 197 (52.1) 14.6 (7.7, 21.4)
Recurrence 62 (15.7) 97 (25.7)
n (%) = Number (percentage) of subjects in the analysis population meeting the criteria for endpoint
N = Number of subjects included in the analysis population
* Full Analysis Set = a subset of all randomized subjects with exclusions for: (i) did not receive infusion of study medication; (ii) did not have a positive local stool test for toxigenic C. difficile; (iii) did not receive protocol defined standard of care therapy within a 1 day window of the infusion
† SoC = Standard of Care antibacterial drugs (metronidazole or vancomycin or fidaxomicin) for CDI
‡ Adjusted difference of ZINPLAVA-placebo (95% confidence interval) based on Miettinen and Nurminen method stratified by SoC antibacterial drugs (metronidazole vs. vancomycin vs. fidaxomicin) and hospitalization status (inpatient vs. outpatient).
In Trial 1, the clinical cure rate of the presenting CDI episode was lower in the ZINPLAVA arm as compared to the placebo arm and in Trial 2, the clinical cure rate was lower in the placebo arm compared to the ZINPLAVA arm. Patients in the ZINPLAVA and placebo arms who did not achieve clinical cure of the presenting CDI episode (no diarrhea for 2 consecutive days following the completion of a ≤ 14 day SoC regimen) received a mean of 18 to 19 days of SoC and had a mean of 4 additional days of diarrhea following completion of SoC. Additional analyses showed that by 3 weeks post study drug infusion the clinical cure rates of the presenting CDI episode were similar between treatment arms.Efficacy results in patients at high risk for CDI recurrence (i.e., patients aged 65 years and older, with a history of CDI in the past 6 months, immunocompromised state, severe CDI at presentation, or C. difficile ribotype 027) were consistent with the efficacy results in the overall trial population in Trials 1 and 2.
1. Zar FA, Bakkanagari SR, Moorthi KM, Davis MB. A comparison of vancomycin and metronidazole for the treatment of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea, stratified by disease severity. Clin Infect Dis 2007;45(3):302-7.
Advise the patient to read the FDA-approved patient labeling (PATIENT INFORMATION).
Concurrent Antibacterial Therapy
Inform patients that ZINPLAVA does not take the place of their antibacterial treatment for their CDI infection. They must continue their antibacterial treatment as directed [see INDICATIONS AND USAGE and DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION].
Digestive Disorders Resources
Timeline of Liver Donor Recovery
How Ulcerative Colitis Affects Your Body
Report Problems to the Food and Drug Administration
You are encouraged to report negative side effects of prescription drugs to the FDA. Visit the FDA MedWatch website or call 1-800-FDA-1088.


text:
Apple updates the PowerMac line
Jon Stokes - Aug 13, 2002 3:49 pm UTC
Ok, so we all knew this was coming today. Apple has updated the PowerMac line, and it actually happens to be one of their better updates in a long while. Still, that's not saying much at all. Here are the highlights, such as they are:
Dual processors across the entire line. The speeds are dual 867MHz, dual 1 GHz, and dual 1.25 GHz. It just goes to show the desperate state of the Mac CPU situation that many Mac users are actually excited about these paltry speed bumps.
Dual ATA controllers. There's one ATA-100 controller and one ATA-66 controller. Most significantly, though, there are zero ATA-133 controllers. *Yawn* next...
DDR. On the two "high end" PowerMacs the FSB has finally hit 167MHz (hey, at least it's better than 133MHz) and Apple is using DDR333 for main memory. Of course, the motherboard design is basically a repackaging of the (not-so-)super-advanced "Xserve technology," which means that the DDR333 is overfeeding the PM's bandwidth-starved, shared FSB. That's right; the SMP configuration uses a shared-bus topology, so both processors have to share the same limited bus resources. Contrary to what Apple claims in the PDF brochure for these new systems, this is not a "balanced design" or a "balanced overall system." But hey, at least they didn't try to pass it off as a "supercomputer." ;-)
2MB DDR backside L3 cache. Hopefully this will help take up some of the slack left by the non-DDR FSB.
This round of updates represents a significant improvement over the previous line, but a significant improvement over "way behind the curve" still puts you behind the curve.


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L'Universidad Católica Boliviana "San Pablo" est le nom officiel de l'Université catholique de Bolivie.

Cette université privée est la plus ancienne de Bolivie à ne pas recevoir de budget économique du gouvernement.

Établie à La Paz en 1963 et active depuis 1966, l'université compte quatre unités régionales à La Paz, Cochabamba, Tarija et Santa Cruz de la Sierra.

Références

Liens externes

Liens internes
 Liste des universités en Bolivie

Établissement scolaire fondé en 1963
Católica Boliviana

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


We helped generate the classic guitar tones that inspired players to create new music, and now with the Santa Ana Overdrive, we've brought our expertise to stompboxes. Armed with FET technology, this pedal lets you dial in sounds varying from "just a little hairy" all the way to thick, fully saturated overdrive. The flexible tone controls unlock a wide range of sonic flavors.
This pedal cleans up with the guitar's volume control, just like our famous amplifiers. Designed by our in-house team of experts, the Santa Ana Overdrive is an all-original circuit. We consulted with a plethora of players while designing this pedal, and the resulting stompbox is packed with stage-ready features. The chassis is crafted from lightweight, durable anodized aluminum. The LED-backlit knobs show your control settings on a dark stage at a glance. We even made swapping batteries quicker and easier with our exclusive "patent applied for", magnetically latched 9V battery door.
The Santa Ana Overdrive requires a 9V DC (center negative polarity) power supply with at least 150mA of available current. From the Amp Jewel LED all the way down to the character of your tone, The Santa Ana Overdrive is Fender through and through.


text:
Article (371 A to I) of the India Constitution - Audio Lecture
Special provision with respect to the States of Maharashtra and Gujarat
Notwithstanding anything in this Constitution, the President may by order made with respect to the State of Maharashtra or Gujarat, provide for any special responsibility of the Governor for
(a) the establishment of separate development boards for Vidarbha, Marathwada, and the rest of Maharashtra or, as the case may be, Saurashtra, Kutch and the rest of these boards will be placed each year before the State Legislative Assembly;
(b) the equitable allocation of funds for developmental expenditure over the said areas, subject to the requirements of the State as a whole; and
(c) an equitable arrangement providing adequate facilities for technical education and vocational training, and adequate opportunities for employment in service under the control of the State Government, in respect of all the said areas, subject to the requirements of the State as a whole
371A. Special provision with respect to the State of Nagaland
(1) Notwithstanding anything in this Constitution,
(a) no Act of Parliament in respect of
(i) religious or social practices of the Nagas,
(ii) Naga customary law and procedure,
(iii) administration of civil and criminal justice involving decisions according to Naga customary law,
(iv) ownership and transfer of land and its resources, shall apply to the State of Nagaland unless the Legislative Assembly of Nagaland by a resolution so decides;
(b) the Governor of Nagaland shall have special responsibility with respect to law and order in the State of Nagaland for so long as in his opinion internal disturbances occurring in the Naga Hills Tuensang Area immediately before the formation of that State continue therein or in any part thereof and in the discharge of his functions in relation thereto the Governor shall, after consulting the Council of Ministers, exercise his individual judgment as to the action to be taken: Provided that if any question arises whether any matter is or is not a matter as respects which the Governor is under this sub clause required to act in the exercise of his individual judgment, the decision of the Governor in his discretion shall be final, and the validity of anything done by the Governor shall not be called in question on the ground that he ought or ought not to have acted in the exercise of his individual judgment: Provided further that if the President on receipt of a report from the Governor or otherwise is satisfied that it is no longer necessary for the Governor to have special responsibility with respect to law and order in the State of Nagaland, he may by order direct that the Governor shall cease to have such responsibility with effect from such date as may be specified in the order;
(c) in making his recommendation with respect to any demand for a grant, the Governor of Nagaland shall ensure that any money provided by the Government of India out of the Consolidated Fund of India for any specific service or purpose is included in the demand for a grant relating to that service or purpose and not in any other demand;
(d) as from such date as the Governor of nagaland may by public notification in this behalf specify, there shall be estalished a regional council for the Tuensang district consisting of thirty five members and the Governor shall in his discretion make rules providing for
(i) the composition of the regional council and the manner in which the members of the regional council shall be chosen: Provided that the Deputy Commissioner of the Tuensang district shall be the Chairman ex officio of the regional council and the Vice Chairman of the regional council shall be elected by the members thereof from amongst themselves;
(ii) the qualifications for being chosen as, and for being, members of the regional council;
(iii) the term of office of, and the salaries and allowances, if any, to be paid to members of, the regional council;
(iv) the procedure and conduct of business of the regional council;
(v) the appointment of officers and staff of the regional council and their conditions of services; and
(vi) any other matter in respect of which it is necessary to make rules for the constitution and proper functioning of the regional council
(2) Notwithstanding anything in this Constitution, for a period of ten years from the date of the formation of the State of Nagaland or for such further period as the Governor may, on the recommendation of the regional council, by public notification specify in this behalf,
(a) the administration of the Tuensang district shall be carried on by the Governor;
(b) where any money is provided by the Government of India to the Government of Nagaland to meet the requirements of the State of nagaland as a whole, the Governor shall in his discretion arrange for an equitable allocation of that money between the Tuensang district and the rest of the State;
(c) no Act of the Legislature of Nagaland shall apply to the Tuensang district unless the Governor, on the recommendation of the regional council, by public notification so directs and the Governor in giving such direction with respect to any such Act may direct that the Act shall in its application to the Tuensang district or any part thereof have effect subject to such exceptions or modifications as the Governor may specify on the recommendation of the regional council: Provided that any direction given under this sub clause may be given so as to have retrospective effect;
(d) the Governor may make regulations for the peace, progress and good government of the Tuensang district and any regulations so made may repeal or amend with retrospective effect, if necessary, any Act of Parliament or any other law which is for the time being applicable to that district;
(e) Two sub parts -
(i) one of the members representing the Tuensang district in the Legislative Assembly of nagaland shall be appointed Minister for Tuensang affairs by the Governor on the advice of the Chief Minister and the Chief Minister in tendering his advice shall act on the recommendation of the majority of the members as aforesaid;
(ii) the Minister for Tuensang affairs shall deal with, and have direct access to the Governor on, all matters relating to the Tuensang district but he shall keep the Chief Minister informed about the same;
(f) notwithstanding anything in the foregoing provisions of this clause, the final decision on all matters relating to the Tuensang district shall be made by the Governor in his discretion;
(g) in articles 54 and 55 and clause ( 4 ) of Article 80, references to the elected members of the Legislative Assembly of a State or to each such member shall include references to the members or member of the Legislative Assembly of Nagaland elected by the regional council established under this article;
(h) in Article 170
(i) clause ( 1 ) shall, in relation to the Legislative Assembly of Nagaland, have effect as if for the word sixty, the words forty six had been substituted;
(ii) in the said clause, the reference to direct election from territorial constituencies in the State shall include election by the members of the regional council established under this article;
(iii) in clauses ( 2 ) and ( 3 ), references to territorial constituencies shall mean references to territorial constituencies in the Kohima and Mokokchung districts
371B. Special provision with respect to the State of Assam
Notwithstanding anything in this Constitution, the President may, by order made with respect to the State of Assam, provide for the constitution and functions of a committee of the Legislative Assembly of the State consisting of members of that Assembly elected from the tribal areas specified in Part I of the table appended to paragraph 20 of the Sixth Schedule and such number of other members of that Assembly as may be specified in the order and for the modifications to be made in the rules of procedure of that Assembly for the constitution and proper functioning of such committee
371C. Special provision with respect to the State of Manipur
(1) Notwithstanding anything in this Constitution, the President may, by order made with respect to the State of Manipur, provide for the constitution and functions of a committee of the Legislative Assembly of the State consisting of members of that Assembly elected from the Hill Areas of that State, for the modifications to be made in the rules of business of the Government and in the rules of procedure of the Legislative Assembly of the State and for any special responsibility of the Governor in order to secure the proper functioning of such committee
(2) The Governor shall annually, or whenever so required by the President, make a report to the President regarding the administration of the Hill Areas in the State of Manipur and the executive power of the Union shall extend to the giving of directions to the State as to the administration of the said areas Explanation In this article, the expression Hill Areas means such areas as the President may, by order, declare to be Hill Areas
371D. Special provisions with respect to the state of Andhra Pradesh
(1) The president may by order made with respect to the state of Andhra Pradesh provide, having regard to the requirements of the state as a whole, for equitable opportunities and facilities for the people belonging to different parts of state, in the matter of public employment and in the matter of education, and different provisions may be made for various parts of the state
(2) An order made under clause ( 1 ) may, in particular,
(a) require the state Government to organise any class or classes of posts in a civil service of, or any classes of civil post of state and allot in accordance with such principal and procedure as may be specified in the order the persons holding such post to the local cadres so organised;
(b) specify any part or parts of the state which shall be regarded as the local area
(i) for direct recruitment to posts in any local cadre (whether organised in pursuance of an order under this article or constituted otherwise) under the State Government;
(ii) for direct recruitment to posts in any cadre under any local authority within the State; and
(iii) for the purposes of admission to any University within the State or to any other educational institution which is subject to the control of the State Government;
(c) specify the extent to which, the manner in which and the conditions subject to which, preference or reservation shall be given or made
(i) in the matter of direct recruitment to posts in any such cadre referred to in sub clause (b) as may be specified in this behalf in the order;
(ii) in the matter of admission to any such University or other educational institution referred to in sub clause (b) as may be specified in this behalf in the order, to or in favour of candidates who have resided or studied for any period specified in the order in the local area in respect of such cadre, University or other educational institution, as the case may be
(3) The President may, by order, provide for the constitution of an Administrative Tribunal for the State of Andhra Pradesh to exercise such jurisdiction, powers and authority including any jurisdiction, power and authority which immediately before the commencement of the constitution (Thirty second Amendment) Act, 1973 , was exercisable by any court (other than the Supreme Court) or by any tribunal or other authority as may be specified in the order with respect to the following matters, namely:
(a) appointment, allotment or promotion to such class or classes of posts in any civil service of the State, or to such class or classes of civil posts under the State, or to such class or classes of posts under the control of any local authority within the State, as may be specified in the order;
(b) seniority of persons appointed, allotted or promoted to such class or classes of posts in any civil service of the State, or to such class or classes of civil posts under the State, or to such class or classes of posts under the control of any local authority within the State, as may be specified in the order;
(c) such other conditions of service of persons appointed, allotted or promoted to such class or classes of civil posts under the State or to such class or classes of posts under the control of any local authority within the State, as may be specified in the order
(4) An order made under clause ( 3 ) may
(a) authorise the Administrative Tribunal to receive representations for the redress of grievances relating to any matter within its jurisdiction as the President may specify in the order and to make such orders thereon as the Administrative Tribunal deems fit;
(b) contain such provisions with respect to the powers and authorities and procedure of the Administrative Tribunal (including provisions with respect to the powers of the Administrative Tribunal to punish for contempt of itself) as the President may deem necessary;
(c) provide for the transfer of the Administrative Tribunal of such classes of proceedings, being proceedings relating to matters within its jurisdiction and pending before any court (other than the Supreme Court) or tribunal or other authority immediately before the commencement of such order, as may be specified in the order;
(d) contain such supplemental, incidental and consequential provisions (including provisions as to fees and as to limitation, evidence or for the application of any law for the time being in force subject to any exceptions or modifications) as the President may deem necessary
(5) The order of the Administrative Tribunal finally disposing of any case shall become effective upon its confirmation by the State Government or on the expiry of three months from the date on which the order is made, whichever is earlier: Provided that the State Government may, by special order made in writing and for reasons to be specified therein, modify or annul any order of the Administrative Tribunal before it becomes effective and in such a case, the order of the Administrative Tribunal shall have effect only in such modified form or be of no effect, as the case may be
(6) Every special order made by the State Government under the proviso to clause ( 5 ) shall be laid, as soon as may be after it is made, before both Houses of the State Legislature
(7) The High Court for the State shall not have any powers of superintendence over the Administrative Tribunal and no court (other than the Supreme Court) or tribunal shall exercise any jurisdiction, power or authority in respect of any matter subject to the jurisdiction, power or authority of, or in relation to, the Administrative Tribunal
(8) If the President is satisfied that the continued existence of the Administrative Tribunal is not necessary, the President may by order abolish the Administrative Tribunal and make such provisions in such order as he may deem fit for the transfer and disposal of cases pending before the Tribunal immediately before such abolition
(9) Notwithstanding any judgment, decree or order of any court, tribunal or other authority,
(a) no appointment, posting, promotion or transfer of any person
(i) made before the 1 st day of November, 1956 , to any post under the Government of, or any local authority within, the State of Hyderabad as it existed before that date; or
(ii) made before the commencement of the Constitution (Thirty second Amendment) Act, 1973 , to any post under the Government of, or any local or other authority within, the State of Andhra Pradesh; and
(b) no action taken or thing done by or before any person referred to in sub clause (a), shall be deemed to be illegal or void or ever to have become illegal or void merely on the ground that the appointment, posting, promotion or transfer of such person was not made in accordance with any law, then in force, providing for any requirement as to residence within the State of Hyderabad or, as the case may be, within any part of the State of Andhra Pradesh, in respect of such appointment, posting, promotion or transfer
(10) The provisions of this article and of any order made by the President thereunder shall have effect notwithstanding anything in any other provision of this Constitution or in any other law for the time being in force
371E. Establishment of Central University in Andhra Pradesh Parliament may by law provide for the establishment of a University in the State of Andhra Pradesh
371F. Special provisions with respect to the State of Sikkim Notwithstanding anything in this Constitution,
(a) the Legislative Assembly of the State of Sikkim shall consist of not less than thirty members;
(b) as from the date of commencement of the Constitution (Thirty sixth Amendment) Act, 1975 , (hereafter in this article referred to as the appointed day)
(i) the Assembly for Sikkim formed as a result of the elections held in Sikkim in April, 1974 with thirty two members elected in the said elections (hereinafter referred to as the sitting members) shall be deemed to be the Legislative Assembly of the State of Sikkim duly constituted under this Constitution;
(ii) the sitting members shall be deemed to be the members of the Legislative Assembly of the State of Sikkim duly elected under this Constitution; and
(iii) the said Legislative Assembly of the State of Sikkim shall exercise the powers and perform the functions of the Legislative Assembly of a State under this Constitution;
(c) in the case of the Assembly deemed to be the Legislative Assembly of the State of Sikkim under clause (b), the references to the period of five years in clause ( 1 ) of Article 172 shall be construed as references to a period of four years and the said period of four years shall be deemed to commence from the appointed day;
(d) until other provisions are made by Parliament by law, there shall be allotted to the State of Sikkim one seat in the House of the People and the State of Sikkim shall form one parliamentary constituency to be called the parliamentary constituency for Sikkim;
(e) the representative of the State of Sikkim in the House of the People in existence on the appointed day shall be elected by the members of the Legislative Assembly of the State of Sikkim;
(f) Parliament may, for the purpose of protecting the rights and interests of the different sections of the population of Sikkim make provision for the number of seats in the Legislative Assembly of the State of Sikkim which may be filled by candidates belonging to such sections and for the delimitation of the assembly constituencies from which candidates belonging to such sections alone may stand for election to the Legislative Assembly of the State of Sikkim;
(g) the Governor of Sikkim shall have special responsibility for peace and for an equitable arrangement for ensuring the social and economic advancement of different sections of the population of Sikkim and in the discharge of his special responsibility under this clause, the Governor of Sikkim shall, subject to such directions as the President may, from time to time, deem fit to issue, act in his discretion;
(h) all property and assets (whether within or outside the territories comprised in the State of Sikkim) which immediately before the appointed day were vested in the Government of Sikkim or in any other authority or in any person for the purposes of the Government of Sikkim shall, as from the appointed day, vest in the Government of the State of Sikkim;
(i) the High Court functioning as such immediately before the appointed day in the territories comprised in the State of Sikkim shall, on and from the appointed day, be deemed to be the High Court for the State of Sikkim;
(j) all courts of civil, criminal and revenue jurisdiction, all authorities and all officers, judicial, executive and ministerial, throughout the territory of the State of Sikkim shall continue on and from the appointed day to exercise their respective functions subject to the provisions of this Constitution;
(k) all laws in force immediately before the appointed day in the territories comprised in the State of Sikkim or any part thereof shall continue to be in force therein until amended or repealed by a competent legislature or other competent authority;
(l) for the purpose of facilitating the application of any such law as is referred to in clause (k) in relation to the administration of the State of Sikkim and for the purpose of bringing the provisions of any such law into accord with the provisions of this Constitution, the President may, within two years from the appointed day, by order, make such adaptations and modifications of the law, whether by way of repeal or amendment, as may be necessary or expedient, and thereupon, every such law shall have effect subject to the adaptations and modifications so made, and any such adaptation or modification shall not be questioned in any court of law;
(m) neither the Supreme Court nor any other court shall have jurisdiction in respect of any dispute or other matter arising out of any treaty, agreement, engagement or other similar instrument relating to Sikkim which was entered into or executed before the appointed day and to which the Government of India or any of its predecessor Governments was a party, but nothing in this clause shall be construed to derogate from the provisions of Article 143;
(n) the President may, by public notification, extend with such restrictions or modifications as he thinks fit to the State of Sikkim any enactment which is in force in a State in India at the date of the notification;
(o) if any difficulty arises in giving effect to any of the foregoing provisions of this article, the president may, by order, do anything (including any adaptation or modification of any other article) which appears to him to be necessary for the purpose of removing that difficulty: Provided that no such order shall be made after the expiry of two years from the appointed day;
(p) all things done and all actions taken in or in relation to the State of Sikkim or the territories comprised therein during the period commencing on the appointed day and ending immediately before the date on which the Constitution (Thirty sixth Amendment) Act, 1975 , be deemed for all purposes to have been validly done or taken under this Constitution as so amended
371G. Special provision with respect to the State of Mizoram Notwithstanding anything in this Constitution,
(a) no Act of President in respect of
(i) religious or social practices of the Mizos,
(ii) Mizo customary law and procedure,
(iii) administration of civil and criminal justice involving decisions according to Mizo customary law,
(iv) ownership and transfer of land, shall apply to the State of Mizoram unless the Legislative Assembly of the State of Mizoram by a resolution so decides: Provided that nothing in this clause shall apply to any Central Act in force in the union territory of Mizoram immediately before the commencement of the Constitution (Fifty third Amendment) Act, 1986 ;
(b) the Legislative Assembly of the State of Mizoram shall consist of not less than forty members
371H. Special provision with respect to the State of Arunachal Pradesh Notwithstanding anything in this Constitution,
(a) the Governor of Arunachal Pradesh shall have special responsibility with respect to law and order in the State of Arunachal Pradesh and in the discharge of his functions in relation thereto, the Governor shall, after consulting the Council of Ministers, exercise his individual judgment as to the action to be taken: Provided that if any question arises whether any matter is or is not a matter as respects which the Governor is under this clause required to act in the exercise of his individual judgment, the decision of the Governor in his discretion shall be final, and the validity of anything done by the Governor shall not be called in question on the ground that he ought or ought not to have acted in the exercise of his individual judgment: Provided further that if the President on receipt of a report from the Governor or otherwise is satisfied that it is no longer necessary for the Governor to have special responsibility with respect to law and order in the State of Arunachal Pradesh, he may by order dir
ect that the Governor shall cease to have such responsibility with effect from such date as may be specified in the order;
(b) the Legislative Assembly of the State of Arunachal Pradesh shall consist of not less than thirty members
Posted by Hrsht at Thursday, April 10, 2014
Labels: Indian Polity and Constitution


Say stop to non working meetings!
Have you never been stuck in a meeting? Have you never hung your head and think about something else wishing you were not here?
Sometimes there's just nothing to say because the key people aren't present. Sometimes it's because the people aren't prepared for the meeting.
Just stop and do your homework and invite the necessary people. Reconvene at a later date.


text:
Peace Operations Developing an American Strategy
Buy from This product is available for purchase at Amazon.com. Please click on the button to the left to be redirected to Amazon's website.	Amazon and the Amazon logo are trademarks of Amazon.com, Inc. or its affiliates.
In 1994, Congress chartered a Commission on the Roles and Missions of the Armed Forces to examine whether these functions were adequate to meet the challenges of the post-Cold War era. In June 1995, the Commission concluded that military forces should be prepared to do more than their traditional missions of deterrence and fighting wars. The Commission determined that they military can and should play a larger role in crisis management and conflict prevention, known as peace operations, and that an overall American strategy for peace operations is now needed. This bok includes the most salient papers prepared for the Commission.
Books, Chayes, Antonia Handler, Raach, George T.
conflict, conflict prevention, crisis management


If you're looking for some more killer food on your Instagram feed, these should be on your follow list.
My phone was passed around our office (much laughter ensued) and we reposted the photo on our Instagram story — made our day.
Managing a foodie account means that a chunk of time is spent logged into Instagram each day — we're always on the hunt for drool-worthy photos and new dishes around town.
So what does the @tucsonfoodie "following" feed look like?
These 12 restaurants are on the list (with post notifications) and if you're looking for some more killer food on your Instagram feed, these should be on your follow list, too.
When @riverviewfarmtucson thins their radishes, y'all get the cutest food! ?
With the fresh, colorful ingredients in each dish, it would be hard to get an unappealing photo from a table at 5 Points Market.
What really stands out about their feed is the focus on ingredients used in their food (they even grow some on their farm) as well as plated dishes and specials.
It's farm to table (and we can't get enough of it).
The B Line's feed will leave you drooling.
We love this feed for various reasons — the natural light, gorgeous plated dishes, and photos of the restaurant's interior. The dessert photos, in particular, will stop you in your scrolling tracks… causing you to double tap to like.
In case you didn't know, Commoner & Co. and Prep & Pastry are sister restaurants. We love watching the two Instagram accounts for their style and content.
Although there are similar elements, expect a different vibe for each feed.
Commoner's is moody and romantic, while Prep's is bright and fun and well… brunchy.
What you see on each feed totally makes sense given the vibe of each spot. We love the close-up photos of dishes and their witty captions.
Around 11 a.m. on Tuesday mornings, if you stop by the Tucson Foodie office, I will likely be updating the Ermanos Instagram feed every few minutes hoping for a new post.
Ermanos has one-day-only specials throughout the week (a sandwich on Monday, tacos on Tuesday, and BBQ on Thursday), and their Instagram feed is the best way to find out what the special of the day is.
We've been known to send a Direct Message or two to this account to find out what the tacos of the day are. No shame!
Follow for the tacos but stay for the fun pictures from the Ermanos crew.
The team at Goodness Fresh spreads good vibes and promotes colorful, good food.
Their Instagram feed is light and fresh, just like the food you'll taste there. From bright acai bowls and smoothies to colorful wraps and salads, their photos will make you want to dig into a big serving of, well, goodness.
We can't get enough of HUB's Instagram feeds — both HUB Restaurant & Creamery and HUB Ice Cream Factory.
The restaurant crew kills it with specials and gorgeous plated dishes — we are in awe of the new menu items this team dreams up.
Build your own sundae! Just pick your flavors & we'll stack you up something delicious!!! #HUBicecream #buildyourownsundae ?
And since it's always ice cream weather in Tucson, it's a good idea to keep HUB Ice Cream Factory on your feed for a pop of color and daily hit of sweetness.
Follow them both and you'll have a hard time deciding whether you want dinner or dessert first.
Maynards Market & Restaurant's Instagram feed is filled with gorgeous pops of color.
The restaurant and market are both beautiful and light-filled spaces and the aesthetic carries over to their Instagram feed.
We can't help but scroll through, admiring the dishes. Give us bright white table cloths, pretty place settings, and delicious food shots anytime!
No one knows how to party like The Parish.
They're always cooking up something new and their feed highlights the delicious dishes and cocktails you can experience there (you'll see the staff make cameos, too).
Give them a follow to keep up-to-date with events, food specials, and fun.
Penca's IG feed will immediately make you hungry (and thirsty) — advance warning.
About half the feed is dedicated to photos of crave-worthy dishes, while the other half is all 'sangria and cocktails'.
Reilly's feed is basically carbs on carbs on cocktails — and we aren't complaining!
The downtown pizza joint's Instagram feed is worth a follow for their fabulous food shots, limited-time-only specials, and for all the pasta content your heart desires.
Their sister spots, Reilly Beer Garden and Tough Luck Club, are on the same property and also have Instagram accounts worth following. Check 'em out.
If you're looking to fill your feed with delicious Italian food, be sure to check out the Instagram of foothills restaurant Tavolino.
The photos make us want to grab a fork and twirl through pasta while simultaneously helping ourselves to a slice of wood-fired pizza.
The colorful cocktails have us dreaming about (and/or planning) a quick getaway to the Italian coast. Venetian Spritz anyone?
We've been enjoying those buttery dark chocolate notes in @intelligentsiacoffee Black Cat espresso. Try it for your next pick me up ??
We have always been fans of Time Market's Instagram account. Like The B Line's, the feed is light-filled with soft colors.
It's really an art to make groceries look that good.
A breakfast spread bound to fuel your day ?
When the owners of Time Market bought Rincon Market (recently), we couldn't wait for the makeover to begin. If you want to watch the transformation, be sure to give Rincon Market's Instagram a follow.
Have you tried our seasonal drinks yet? Turmeric Ginger Latte is serviced hot or iced for your enjoyment.
Although Presta Coffee is not technically a restaurant, it deserves an 'honorable mention' for various reasons.
Presta posts gorgeous coffee photos, snaps of travel adventures, and behind-the-scenes shots of baristas and staff — love.
If a coffee-focused Instagram can incite wanderlust, this one does the trick. Luckily, you don't have to travel far to get to the closest Presta Coffee location.
Another beverage-focused Instagram account we love to refresh is Pueblo Vida's.
The highly curated feed focuses on beer (obviously) but has Tucson's active / adventure feel as well.
We watch intently for the specialty beer-infusion shots.
Their weekly infusions are so special, they always sell out — so act fast and head to Pueblo Vida for a brew when you see one on the gram.
This is not technically a restaurant either but we had to include the Tucson CSA Instagram on this list.
The CSA farm-share program brings farm-fresh ingredients to tables around Tucson each week and posts recipes of how to use your bountiful produce.
Their weekly "market haul" on Instastories reveals what's in season — and encourages us to rush out and stock up. You should too!
Disclaimer: Please note that the author of this article manages a number of social media accounts in Tucson, including some mentioned in this article.


A Yazidi mother and her 12-year-old son had an emotional reunion in Winnipeg early Thursday, three years after their family was separated when captured by ISIS in northern Iraq. She discovered last month that one of her missing sons was alive when she saw his photo on social media.
There were tears, hugs, smiles and songs at the Winnipeg airport early Thursday morning as friends and family witnessed the reunion of a Yazidi refugee mother and her 12-year-old son.
Nofa Zaghla wept as she met her son privately behind airport security before appearing before dozens of supporters and reporters in the arrivals area.
"Thank you, Canada, thank you Steve Maman," Emad Mishko Tamo said, referring to the president of the group The Liberation of Christian and Yazidi Children of Iraq, which orchestrated a campaign to expedite his reunion with his mother.
"I'm happy, I'm very thankful for anyone that had any part in me reuniting with my mom," Emad added through a translator.
"I am very happy and very thankful to God that he got here safely and soundly," his mother said, also speaking through a translator.
It's been a month since Zaghla discovered her son was alive.
She and her family were captured by ISIS in northern Iraq in 2014. An estimated 500,000 people were kidnapped, killed or became refugees in what the United Nations and others are describing as a genocide of Yazidis.
The family members were separated, but Zaghla and her four younger children managed to escape and spent nearly one year in a refugee camp.
Six months ago, they arrived in Winnipeg as government-sponsored refugees, part of the Trudeau government's commitment to resettle 1,200 Yazidi refugees and survivors of the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria to Canada by the end of the year. A ministerial spokesperson says more than half have already arrived.
Zaghla had no idea what had happened to her husband and two older sons until last month, when photos of Emad began surfacing on Facebook. They were posted by Iraqi forces, who rescued him after a battle in Mosul.
Groups such as the Yazidi Association of Manitoba and The Liberation of Christian and Yazidi Children of Iraq (CICY) began advocating on behalf of the family, sending emails, raising money, and urging the federal government to reunite the mother and son.
Soon after, immigration officials said Emad's case was being expedited.
"We can confirm that we are aware of the situation and are acting accordingly," a government spokesperson sent in an email to CBC News. "We are expediting the case, as we are with all Yazidi cases."
Boris Ntambwe, the family's case worker at the Winnipeg resettlement agency, Accueil Francophone, says the federal Immigration Department treated the case as a priority.
"Normally this kind of a case, we call a one-year window process, it takes about a year for the family to get reunited depending on the cases. But this particular case was processed within a month," Ntambwe said.
Supporters said it was the right thing to do.
"For myself, I can't describe how happy, emotions," said Khalil Hesso, president of the Yazidi Association of Manitoba.
"It's a big day for us. We should celebrate all night. We're not going to sleep, I can say that."
Emad's case is a testament to Canada's work on refugee resettlement, "offering a space, a safe space for families to be reunited," said Jean-Nicolas Beuze, the United Nations high commissioner for refugees representative in Canada. He just happened to be in Winnipeg for other meetings and came to the airport to join the welcome.
"As the UN refugee agency, we're very grateful to Canada because it's very important that we keep the family unity, whether it be for this Yazidi family or many other families around the world," Beuze said.
No one knows if Zaghla's husband and her other son are alive.
Emad still has a tough road ahead of him. He's suffering from bullet wounds and psychological trauma.
But for now, the focus is on the moment when a mother's dearest wish came true.


text:
Rare Egyptian vulture spotted in Co Roscommon
By Sabrina N. Johnston	 Last updated Jan 1, 2022
The National Parks and Wildlife Service (NPWS) has confirmed that a vulture, which normally resides in parts of southern Europe and Africa, has been spotted in County Roscommon on New Years Eve morning.
PWS director for Lough Rea and Mid-Shannon Callows, Owen Murphy, noticed the bird's unusual flight pattern yesterday morning and upon closer examination identified it as an Egyptian vulture.
The first recorded sighting of this bird species was in the north of the country during the summer, but the NPWS said it could not be determined if it was the same vulture.
He said the adult Egyptian vulture appears to be alone and it is unclear why the bird arrived on Irish shores from its original habitat.
According to the Wildlife Service, the Egyptian vulture caused a stir in Irish birding circles with a number of people coming from many parts of Ireland to see it and many more planning to travel this week. -end.
The Lough Ree area is ranked as the most important site for breeding waterbirds in a report released this year for the NPWS, with the Shannon Callows also being highly rated. The region is home to a large number of species listed in the red and amber categories, with "rarities" appearing occasionally.
The NPWS said it would like to emphasize that the Egyptian vulture does not pose a threat to the public or to livestock.
The Egyptian vulture is the smallest of the four vultures in Europe and is also the most endangered.
The bird has white plumage, with some black feathers on the wings and tail.
It has a wingspan of 1.7 m and can reach a top speed of 55 km / h.
The Egyptian vulture is most commonly found in southern Europe, Asia, and North Africa. They also live in isolated populations in Cape Verde and the Canary Islands.
EU says happy new year and continues to impose old travel restrictions
Thunderstorms replace record mild New Year's Eve


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Modern medicine has ushered in a new age in disease prevention and aggressive treatments. People are now living longer, healthier lives largely due to the scientific advances that have been made through vaccines, antibiotics and the overall medical understanding of how viruses affect the body. Unfortunately, not every step forward in modern medicine has had the same type of uplifting results. If you have been impacted by the terrible effects of Invokana, you may be entitled to bring a claim against the drug manufacturer for your injuries.
Invokana was developed by Janssen Pharmaceuticals in 2013 to treat Type 2 diabetes and was approved by the Food and Drug Administration ("FDA") this same year. The drug was found to reduce blood sugar by allowing the excess blood sugar to leave the body through urine and was largely approved by most major insurance companies.
Unfortunately, patients and physicians were not warned of the negative side effects associated with the drug, including an increased risk of kidney failure, overproduction of ketones (ketoacidosis), heart attack and even amputation. Early signs of the resulting disease often require immediate medical attention and often hospitalization. Kidney failure is a serious condition that occurs when the kidneys can no longer function without dialysis or kidney transplant and can lead to sudden death. Heart attacks occur when a blockage in the arteries prevents blood from reaching portions of the heart and can become fatal if not immediately treated.
Invokana was manufactured and advertised as a risk-free diabetes treatment. Unfortunately, many patients who used Invokana in the early years quickly developed serious symptoms and conditions as a result of the medication. A pharmaceutical company holds a duty to its customers to warn of any serious side effects or complications associated with consuming the medication. Product liability cases often focus on several different theories of recovery, one which is the manufacturer's failure to warn of danger. In many cases, this is simply the absence of a warning label on a product. This is true of a dangerous drug, although a pharmaceutical company must accurately test a drug prior to distributing it on the market.
Invokana was developed to make patients feel better, not cause serious complications. Diabetes is quite often a very treatable condition that many medications can treat without any lasting side effects. Many physicians would not have prescribed Invokana to their patients were they aware of the serious side effects.
If you or a loved one have developed serious injuries from the use of Invokana do not hesitate to contact the Malley Law Firm. Tony Malley has years of experience in handling personal injury claims stemming from dangerous drugs and will work tirelessly to ensure you receive the compensation you deserve. Contact our Beaumont or Houston offices today for your initial free consultation.


Flour is usually stored in narrow, 30 m (98.4 ft) high concrete silos. For space-saving storage of several types of flour, the individual storage cells are approx. 2 x 2 m (6.5 x 6.5 ft). For applications involving solids, the choice of measuring principle depends not only on the measuring range, the degree of dust generation and dielectric constant of the product. Large extraction forces during the emptying process also play into the equation and may cause mechanical damage to the measuring instruments. In many cases, weak ceiling construction will not allow measurement with a contacting measuring principle.
For measurement in the flour silo, the APM 3DLevelScanner technologyT offers the advantages of contactless measurement. Since dust particles have only a minimal damping effect, the 3DLevelScanner sensor works well even with pneumatic filling. The high sensitivity of the sensor also guarantees high performance for varying surface geometries. Thanks to the instrument's 3D mapping capabilities, it is possible to map the surface area and provide very accurate measurements in order to accurately assess the mass of contents inside the silo.


How many Saturdays or Friday evenings did you run to the salon to get a roller set for the weekend? While my hair was relaxed I had a 9am standing appointment at my hair dressers house, my mom would go with me sometimes and we would chat and laugh all the while growing tired of being there, and glad to get it over with once it was done.
Now that I am natural, those are fond memories but I have no desire to relive it, at least not on a weekly basis. Roller setting my hair now requires a lot of patience but as I practiced there are some things I perfected and learned making each experience easier and easier; for example I cannot roller set my hair if it is tangled in any way.
Tangles often lead to quitting in the middle of the process and bidding adieu to the rollers until I felt like looking at them again. If you can find your stride with roller setting you will discover that there are many benefits to this old fashioned style, the number one being that it can be a healthy way to stretch your curls without the direct heat of a flat iron. Other benefits are that the style lasts for days, it is great for holiday hair and you get to enjoy your length, somewhat.
There are some tips that we must point out that can be considered critical to a successful roller set.
1. Load up on the moisture – Make sure your hair is thoroughly moisturized before adding your styling agents so that you are able to maintain that moisture for the length of time you decide to wear your style.
2. Detangle – Section your hair in workable sections and detangle each one completely so that you have a smooth finish.
3. Use holding products – Use some kind of styling agent to help keep the hair smooth and tangle free. Setting lotion is popular but your can also use gel or a light holding cream which just keeps your hair in place and performing the way you want it to.
5. Set the bar – If you have the proper foundation for your hair there is no need to add oils or anything to your hair as your wear the style daily. What this means is make sure your hair is clarified, conditioned, deep conditioned and moisturized before adding your rollers.
With that said, below we have a start to finish demonstration on how to do a roller set from YouTuber Blessedtresses, check it out.
Have you tried a roller set? If so what has been your experience we would love to hear!
Tressedforsuccess on YouTube has a great method of roller setting that I tried and for the first time ever, had great results. She puts her hair in several pony tails and then puts a couple of rollers on each ponytail and sits under the dryer. When done she removes the rollers and ponytail holders and then lightly flat irons only the dents left by the ponytail holders. This worked really well for me and I will be using this method again.
I roller set my hair using extra large rollers each time I wash it. I find that roller sets give my hair the best stretch. I've never added Eco Styler Gel, so I may try it the next time I wash my hair.
I love it.just took my rollers out.And im in my transitional stages,the rollers make my hair look so healthy.
are people just catching on to roller setting ? lol I been doing it for years on my natural hair.
I have been doing rollers plus dryer after hair treatment for over three years now and it really helped my hair stop shedding and easy styling ever time with great fullness and bulk.
I love a rollerset it's a healthy way to wear your hair. No worry about heat damage with this one.
I love my rollersets and their are also different ways to do them which add versatility. My hair is fine so they make my hair look fuller.
Can you really roller set natural 4c hair? Would you use heat?
You certainly can love, 4c hair is typically really thick so it will look alot fuller than other hair types. The key thing is to keep your hair very moisturized as you do the set. Also using a styling foam, or gel helps your hair to hold the style. Keeping your hair taut as you roll makes sure your hair gets a good stretch and finally make sure your hair is completely dry!
never heard of roller set black hair.
I so want to try this. I may have to give it a go over the weekend!
I've been roller setting my hair for over 30 years, Love it. Smooth style and great curls.
When my hair was short and layered, my roller sets looked pretty good but as it got longer I didn't like how my roller sets turned out. It's probably my lack of knowing how to adjust my technique for my longer hair, so I just stopped doing them.


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Fordham University School of Law has hosted 1 event in the C-SPAN Video Library; the first program was a 1996 Ceremony. The year with the most videos was 2010 with three videos. The year with the highest average number of views per program was 2014 with an average of 716 views per program. Most appearances with Karen J. Greenberg (4), Birch Bayh (3), John Feerick (2). Most common tags: Online Technology, Constitution, National Security.