text:
On the death of Google/Apache Wave (and the lessons we can learn from it)
This article is entitled 'How not to replace email' and details both the demise of Google Wave and it's open source continuation, Apache Wave:
As of a month ago, the Apache Wave project is "retired". Few people noticed; in the seven years that Wave was an Apache Incubator open source project, it never had an official release, and was stuck at version 0.4-rc10 for the last three years.
Yes, I know! There's been a couple of times over the last few years when I've thought that Wave would have been perfect for a project I was working on. But the open source version never seemed to be 'ready'.
The world want ready for it in 2010, but now would seem to be the perfect time for something like Wave:
2017 was a year of rapidly growing interest in federated communications tools such as Mastodon, which is an alternative to Twitter that doesn't rely on a single central corporation. So this seems like a good time to revisit an early federated attempt to reinvent how we use the internet to communicate with each other.
As the author notes, the problem was the overblown hype around it, causing Google to pull it after just three months. He quoted a friend of his who at one time was an active user:
We'd start sending messages with lots of diagrams, sketches, and stuff cribbed from Google Images, and then be able to turn those sort of longer-than-IM-shorter-than-email messages into actual design documents gradually.
In fact, I'd argue that even having a system that's a messaging system designed for "a paragraph or two" was on its own worthwhile: even Slack isn't quite geared toward that, and contrariwise, email […] felt more heavyweight than that. Wave felt like it encouraged the right amount of information per message.
I feel this too, and it's actually something we've been talking about for internal communications at Moodle. Telegram, (which we use kind of like Slack) is good for short, sharp communication, but there's a gulf between that and, say, an email conversation or threaded forum discussion.
Perhaps this is the sweet spot for the 'social networking' aspect of Project MoodleNet?
Wave's failure didn't have anything to do with the ideas that went into it.
Those ideas and goals are sound, and this failure even provided good evidence that there's a real need for something kind of like Wave: fifty thousand people signed a petition to "Save Google Wave" after Google announced they were shutting Wave down. Like so many petitions, it didn't help (obviously), but if a mediocre implementation got tens of thousands of passionate fans, what could a good implementation do?
Helpfully, the author outlines some projects he's been part of, after stating (my emphasis):
I'd say the single most important lesson to take away here, for a technology project at least, is that interoperability is key.
Assume that no matter how amazing your new tech is, people are going to adopt it slowly.
Give your early adopters every chance you can to use your offering together with the existing tools that they will continue to need in order to work with people who haven't caught up yet.
And if you're building a communication tool, make it as simple as possible for others to build compatible tools, because they will expand the network of people your users can communicate with to populations you haven't thought of and probably don't understand.
It's a really useful article with many practical applications (well, for me at least…)
Source: Jamey Sharp
Posted19 February 2018 — 07:25
TagsApache Wave, collaboration, email, Google Wave, open source
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Previous To lose old styles of reading is to lose a part of ourselves


This entry was posted on Friday, September 10th, 2010 at 2:08 pm	and is filed under Brides, Engagement. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. Both comments and pings are currently closed.


text:
Performance Capture
Oyun's Quest
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Specializing in Virtual Productions
Servicing the Creative Industry for More Than a Decade
DynaKinetix is a part of the Graphic Monk Ltd companies, a multi-talented creative production house. Under the umbrella of Graphic Monk, DynaKinetix adds value to the other parts of the production business.
As creatives, we found that not all projects have the luxury of mega-production budgets and often have very creative teams behind them. Virtual productions help achieve multiple goals like Pre Vis, VFX, Green Screen, 3D Assets, Performance Capture and more.
With the addition of Marker-less Motion Capture Smartsuit, now its possible have a full body motion capture studio in your office space, basement, sound stage, or lounge, easily translating into full body animation rigging for VFX, Film, Video Games, Commercials and more.
We offer a full-service pipeline from Pre Production to Production to Post and can scale up or down depending on your project needs. We offer Motion Capture, Motion Capture Performers, Fight Direction, Film Editing, Sound Editing and Mixing, VFX, Concept Art, 3D Digital Photogrammetry Scanning for 3D Assets, and lots more.
With the combined experiences of all our team members, we are story tellers too and have been in the Film, Animation, VFX, Game Design industry for a long time.
It's often said that it is most difficult to talk about oneself in all honesty. To know oneself is to know another, to live a fulfilled life and to claim your destiny.
As creatives, we have one job and one job alone that requires no payment but is a labour of love and devotion to oneself. It is to be true to the purpose of our passion, to prepare and develop the things to come and to enhance the future of those we come in contact with.
Our Philosophy Is To Provide
Full immersive platforms demand a re-think in how to capture human performances so they are believable, emotional, and exciting.
The Smartsuit Pro enables you to record actors and performers to create virtual and mixed reality experiences that feel more real.
Bring powerful and enchanting performances to life to create original experiences and stories for Games VFX, VR/AR, Film Productions and more.
Providing the Tools You Need For Creative Visual Content
An entire motion capture studio in one marker-less suit enables creators on all levels to turn any space into a professional motion capture stage anywhere, anytime and at short notice.
The technology behind the MoCap system is wireless and with a range of up to 100 meters, thus eradicating the need of bulky wire systems. This enables anyone to capture human motion data anywhere.
From Game Development, Performance Capture, 3D Scans, Digital Assets, Film Production, nothing is out of bound.
A Graphic Monk Limited Company

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Reinventing BusinessWeek
July 16, 2009 by Jeff Jarvis
A few years ago, BusinessWeek's Steve Baker and I sat over coffee concocting a scheme to create a crowd-sourced, wiki-based, curated effort to get the magazine's readers to fix General Motors. Oh, if only we'd done it, BW's crowd might have saved us taxpayers billions.
Well, now, BusinessWeek is for sale and whoever gets it – it is a valuable franchise with a very valuable and wise crowd – will need to reinvent it. I was going to suggest that the magazine do for itself what we were thinking of doing for GM. But Steve beat me to it.
Steve also contemplates what he calls the "last 5%" of a magazine's process that picks every nit and sands and polishes. It's the magazine way, especially among weeklies in America, and though I saw improvements from it, it also drove me nuts when I worked in it. "This last 5% consumes a sizeable effort and expense< " Steve says. "The question the next (or current) owner of BusinessWeek is going to have to grapple with is whether such attention to detail is worth it, or, alternatively, whether there's another way to achieve the same goal." The assumption behind that last 5% is that there's perfection to be reached: a right way to tell this story. I don't think that's true. But there is value to be added in the last - what? - 20% of effort: adding reporting, answering questions, adding perspective, giving context, and - as Steve points out - trimming out repetition and excess, adding efficiency for the reader. That's the value that journalists can add. But how much is too much? Says Steve:
But my problem with the 5% process has to do with insularity. Much of the analysis has to do with a team of people in a midtown skyscraper imagining what "the reader" knows and wants to know. With blogs, we now have the tools to ask. But the business model calls for secrecy. So instead of asking, we imagine. Our discussions involve conflicting interpretations of what is going on inside of the reader's head. . . .
The entire discussion is based on the one-size-fits-all paradigm of the industrial age. It's got (at least) two problems: First, it's expensive. Second, readers are seeing in rest of their lives, from TiVo to their double-shot half-skim half-caf latte that one size doesn't have to fit all. Even dogs these days are built to order. In this world, many business readers want and expect customization.
BusinessWeek has been trying to bring that customization – its mass of niches – with its Business Exchange, where readers and journalists curate topics. At Aspen, the magazine's editor, Steve Adler, told me that advertisers also prefer it because BX provides targeting and relevance.
Steve starts the discussion about the next BW speculating on how communities and algorithms can help do what BW has done.
PaidContent also curates others' suggestions for the new BW here.
I think the future BW revolves around its wise crowd: more than 900,000 people who know business, so how do we get to know what they know? More later.
What would you do with BusinessWeek?
: Note that Fortune, too, is remaking itself.


Upgrade cocktail hour at your summer wedding—or even just your at-home bar cart—with gorgeous glassware and refreshing signature sips. We promise: You and your guests will be wowed.
Want to set a celebratory tone between your I do's and dinner? Then serve up some cool signature drinks in gorgeous glassware. After all, guests love to nibble on delicious bites and sip inspired drinks post-ceremony—in fact, cocktail hour is often the part of the day wedding attendees look forward to most—and they'll love it even more with a gorgeous glass in hand.
To help you please your entire crowd, we've rounded up the most common wedding glassware and break down which type of drink should be served in each. Love a coupe? Serve something bubbly and refreshing. More of a lowball couple? Muddle your favorite fruits and herbs with a liquor of your choosing. Best of all, these glasses are so stylish, you'll want to put them on your registry. Why not keep the party going long after your big day?
Defined by its bowl-shaped cup, the coupe, above, is the original vessel of choice for Champagne, dating to the 19th century. Though today's bubbly drinkers tend to prefer flutes, this elegant glass is now a go-to for chilled cocktails (shaken or stirred). The long stem keeps your hand from warming the liquor, and the shallow cup concentrates bright colors for extra pop. Plus, it's more spill-proof than a cone-shaped martini glass—so you won't lose a drop.
The Details: Waterford "Lismore Pops Cocktail," $135 for 2, waterford.com. Edible violas, $12.50 for 50, gourmetsweetbotanicals.com. Anthropologie "Gilded Rim" coupe, $28, anthropologie.com. Riedel "Veritas" coupe, $69 for 2, riedelusa.net.
Gin and tonic, Jack and Coke, Scotch and soda: These "and" cocktails are known as highballs— as are the type of glass they're served in. The tall, straight shape makes them easy to hold, and there's room for lots of ice and mixers—not to mention a straw and garnishes. The vessels are bound to be among your most-used registry items: They come in fun, textured designs and can do double duty for nonalcoholic refreshers like lemonade and iced tea.
The Details: Canvas Home "Pomegranate" highball, $14, canvashomestore.com. Luigi Bormioli "Bach" beverage glass, $35 for 4, luigibormioli.com. Julep spoon straw, $14 for 6, cocktailkingdom.com. Roost "Dainty" tumbler, $65 for 6, scarlettalley.com. Glass straw, $1, cb2.com. Basil blossom, $7 for 25, gourmetsweetbotanicals.com.
There's something about the weighty lowball that just feels good in your hand. Also known as a rocks glass (for spirits served on ice) or an old-fashioned glass (for the cocktail), the short, small vessel is best for drinks that have a high proportion of strong liquor, like bourbon or whiskey. The glass is nice and wide, so any added flavors can be muddled or mixed right inside.
The Details: Riedel "O" whiskey glass, $29.50 for 2, riedelusa.net. Canvas Home Tivoli Collection "Optic" small tumbler, $7, canvashomestore.com. Cocktail pick, $19 for 12, cocktailkingdom.com. Juliska "Arabella" clear tumbler, $25, juliska.com.
the sparkling wine's effervescence, and, as with the coupe, holding it by the stem keeps the drink cold longer. We'll toast to that.
The Details: Waterford "Lismore Pops" toasting flute, $135 for 2, waterford.com. Crate & Barrel "Edge" Champagne glass, $13, crateandbarrel.com. Kate Spade "Larabee Dot" flute, $50 for 4, lenox.com.
Created by Katie Covington Crane, Kim Gray, and Anthony Luscia.


Nitrogen-containing heterocycles have great utility in the biomedical and medicinal fields and one such heterocycle is the 5-membered pyrrolidine ring. The synthesis of pyrrolidine rings has been studied extensively with the routes relying on anodic oxidation, transition metals and dipolar cycloadditions with azomethine ylides. Previous work in the Waters group has been focused on new routes to azomethine ylides through a domino sequence. Through a thermal aza-Cope rearrangement followed by [3+2] dipolar cycloaddition the synthesis of a library of 2-allyl pyrrolidines was accomplished. It was discovered that by using allylic amines and glyoxals at room temperature a cycloadduct was isolated bearing a 5-vinyl moiety.
The results were promising and the first part of the project was to optimize the reaction followed by substrate scope expansion to build a library of compounds. The new cycloadducts could not have been synthesized under traditional methods due to side reactivity difficulties and therefore this work circumvents the problems associated with the classical routes. This is the first report of azomethine ylides derived from allylic amines and glyoxals to date. Many cycloadducts were synthesized and they all contained the 5-alkenyl group with many of them closely matching pyrrolidine containing natural products.
The natural product, spirotryprostatin B, is an ideal target for featuring the developed methodology in total synthesis. Spirotryprostatin B was found to inhibit the G2/M phase in the cell replication pathway, suggesting a possible anti-cancer treatment. Using allylamine, ethyl glyoxylate, and appropriate dipolarophile under the optimized reaction conditions would afford a highly substituted cycloadduct that could be transformed into the final target. The core of the structure was synthesized in just three steps with only two steps requiring purification. The regio- and stereochemistry of the cycloadducts were analyzed using NOE enhancement and DFT studies to conclude that the [3+2] dipolar cycloaddition proceeded through the exo transition state.
The total synthesis of the anti-cancer compound peducularine was also studied. Many different dipolarophiles were tested, but the ideal dipolarophile was not identified. The results of these experiments were important in defining the scope of the methodology.
Machamer, Natalie Kay, "I. A New Route To Azomethine Ylides: Shifting The Reliance On Amino Ester Precursors II. Applications In Total Synthesis" (2015). Graduate College Dissertations and Theses. 407.


text:
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Welcome to Saratoga County
Welcome to Saratoga CountyKilakwa2022-01-18T14:20:46-05:00
Click Here for COVID-19 Info!
COVID-19 Self-Tests are available here
Message Regarding the State Mask Mandate
To address concerns from our business community, while Saratoga County has publicly stated we don't have the staffing resources to enforce the State mask mandate, this in no way should be interpreted that the County doesn't support mask use. Saratoga County has had a Public Health Advisory out since August that recommends indoor mask use for everyone regardless of their vaccination status during times of high community transmission. This is still in effect. Further, businesses throughout Saratoga County are within their rights to have a mask for service policy in place. Saratoga County, however, cannot and will not send staff door to door to enforce this state mandate, nor will we fine our small businesses and not-for-profits as the state would like us to do. Our public health efforts will continue to be focused on ensuring everyone who wants a vaccine or booster is able to receive one, which is our best defense against the severe effects of this virus.
Saratoga County Public Health Services
COVID-19 Hotline: 518-885-2276
Monday-Friday 8:00AM-3:30PM / Closed Weekends & Holidays
Saratoga County DMV – Click Here to Make an Appointment!
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SIGN UP FOR SARATOGA COUNTY'S MASS NOTIFICATION SYSTEMResidents can enroll in the County's CodeRED emergency notification system to receive updates from the county's Emergency Management Team. To enroll, follow this link: https://public.coderedweb.com/CNE/en-US/BF26DE55718D
With its friendly people, thriving tourism, and one of the lowest county tax rates in the state, Saratoga County is an excellent place to live, work and visit. We are proud of our strong commercial growth and a diverse local economy that ranges from Global Foundries, the largest high-tech economic development project in the country, to thriving family farms that are some of the best in Upstate New York. Our cultural venues, excellent schools and colleges along with trails, parks and recreation programs make Saratoga County a great place to call home.
Theodore T. Kusnierz, Jr.
Chairman of the Board of Supervisors
40 McMaster Street
Theodore T. Kusnierz, Jr. currently serves as Chairman of the Saratoga County Board of Supervisors and has represented the Town of Moreau as Supervisor since 2018. He has served in various capacities in State and local government for over 31 years. Prior to his election as Supervisor, Mr. Kusnierz worked for the NYS Senate as Director of Policy and Operations, Director of the Legislative Commission on Rural Resources, and Chief of Staff and Director of the Senate Standing Committee on Agriculture for Senator Ritchie. During that time, he was also a Councilmember for the Town of Moreau for 16 years.
Mr. Kusnierz presently serves as a member of the Board of Directors on the Saratoga County Water Authority, the Capital District Transportation Committee, the Saratoga Casino Hotel Foundation, the Saratoga County Prosperity Partnership, and the Saratoga County Economic Opportunity Council and has worked to enhance the joint economic development efforts of the Partnership and the Saratoga County Economic Development Corporation as a member of the Unity Committee. He has also served as a member of the Hudson Hoosic Partnership, the Town of Moreau Local Development Corporation, the Crandall Public Library Strategic 5-year Planning Committee and as a New York Republican State Committee Member.
Mr. Kusnierz is a life-long resident of the Town of Moreau where he attended schools in the South Glens Falls Central School District and graduated from Cornell University. As a small businessman, he and his wife Mary Ellen operate Candy Cane Farm, LLC which is a 255-acre family-run Christmas tree plantation and registered Black Angus Cattle breeding operation where they raised their son Ted and daughter Jacqueline.
Saratoga County has positions available for:
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text:
Q: Django: How to upload an image to MEDIA_ROOT upon Model Creation I have the following model with an ImageField() that extends User:
class Tenant(models.Model):
   user = models.OneToOneField(User)
   photo = models.ImageField()
   apartment = models.ForeignKey('Apartment')

However, when I create the model from a form, the image does not save to my MEDIA_ROOT directory. This seems like very basic functionality but I can't find a straightforward answer anywhere.
When I create a User in the admin section the file saves but not when I create it with my form. What do I do?

A: The problem was in the view.
First I had:
...
photo = request.POST['photo'] # <--- 'POST', incorrect
tenant = Tenant(user=user, photo=photo, apartment=apartment)
tenant.save()

But corrected it to:
photo = request.FILES['photo'] # <--- 'FILES', correct
tenant = Tenant(user=user, photo=photo, apartment=apartment)
tenant.save()

From https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.8/topics/http/file-uploads/
Note:
I also had to change my form tag in my template from
<form action="/account/create_account/" method="post">

to
<form action="/account/create_account/" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
citydesk
Idaho Suicide Prevention Hotline Expands Local Operation
The Idaho Suicide Prevention Hotline—1-800-273-TALK—will be fully staffed Friday as the service expands its local hours of operation to five days a week: Monday through Friday from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m.
When the hot line resumed its Idaho service in November, the launch marked the end of a six-year period in which Idaho was the only state in the nation without a certified suicide crisis hot line. Callers were instead pushed to counselors from out of state.
In November, ISPH staffed its phone bank Mondays through Thursdays. But hot line officials announced Wednesday that they now have additional trained volunteer phone responders, allowing the operation to take calls five days per week.
Since its relaunch, ISPH has logged more than 160 calls from all regions of Idaho.
ISPH officials said each volunteer has pledged at least one year of service to the organization.
"You don't have to be suicidal to call the Hotline; anyone in crisis, in search of resources or just needing someone to talk to is welcome to call," said John Reusser, director of ISPH.
health care Idaho Suicide Prevention Hotline Hotline
Laurie Pearman
Idaho Suicide Prevention Hotline Receives $300K Gift From Albertson Family Foundation
Idaho Suicide Prevention Hotline Calls for Volunteers
by Harrison Berry | Feb 19, 2015
Idaho Suicide Prevention Hotline Marks Second Anniversary, Expands to 24/7 Operations 1
by Jessica Murri | Nov 25, 2014
Idaho's Suicide Prevention Hotline Takes 3,000th Call 1
by Harrison Berry | Sep 19, 2014
Idaho Suicide Prevention Hotline Aims for 24/7 Presence
"For the 700 to 800 calls that were taken, there were 700 to 800 calls that we haven't taken."
by Carissa Wolf | Oct 2, 2013


text:
Дін-Ель (Діне́ль) Реуве́н (; 22 жовтня 1956, Вільнюс, Литовська РСР, СРСР — 27 лютого 2016, Ізраїль) — ізраїльський дипломат і розвідник українського походження.

Життєпис

Народився в 1956 році у Вільнюсі (Литва). Батько родом з міста Комарно Львівської області, мати з Одеси. Батьки після війни переїхали до Вільнюса.

У 1969 році переїхав в Хайфу (Ізраїль).

Випускник Хайфського університету (факультет політології та міжнародних відносин) та Вищої військової академії ЦАХАЛа.

У 1976—1991 рр. служив у ЦАХАЛі, в тому числі в елітному підрозділі військової розвідки АМАН. Закінчив армійську службу в званні підполковника.

На початку 1990-х років був у складі дипломатичної місії Ізраїлю в Російській Федерації. Він займав посаду радника посольства в Росії, будучи підполковником Моссад.

У 1995 році його затримали в Москві під час отримання таємних слайдів території близькосхідних країн із Центра космічної розвідки ГРУ, і він був оголошений персоною нон ґрата в Росії.

Після повернення в Ізраїль працював в розвідці. Працював в службі по зв'язкам з євреями країн СНД «Натів». У 2009 році його призначили послом Ізраїля в Туркменистані. Але проти цього виступили Росія та Іран. У зв'язку з чим Ізраїль замінив його кандидатуру.

Працював Заступником гендиректора управління портів при міністерстві транспорту Ізраїлю з питань міжнародної співпраці. Був керівником робочої групи із співробітництва в транспортній сфері Ізраїлю з Україною.

З 23 серпня 2011 по 2014 рр. — Надзвичайний і Повноважний Посол Ізраїлю в Києві (Україна).

27 лютого 2016 року — помер від онкологічного захворювання на 60-му році життя.

Див. також
 Посольство Ізраїлю в Україні

Примітки

Посилання
 Сайт Посольства Ізраїлю в Україні
 РБК Україна

Політики Ізраїлю
Ізраїльські дипломати
Посли Ізраїлю в Україні
уродженці Вільнюса
Ізраїльські розвідники
Випускники Хайфського університету

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
66 days to go
Born in 1966, Jill Ellis is the eighth coach in the history of USA women's national team and the Portsmouth, England native is set to navigate the Stars and Stripes through Group D at the FIFA Women's World Cup Canada 2015™.
Ellis, who moved to the United States when she was 15, has served as the Development Director for the U.S. Women's National Teams since January 2011. After a stint in 2012 as the interim head coach and again briefly after Tom Sermanni's departure, Ellis was handed the reins in May 2014.
After just over a year in her role, Ellis will be sending her side north to compete against the world's best at Canada 2015.


Hi! I am Lisa from over at Daily Style Finds, where I blog about all things fashion.
Today, the ladies at The Blended Blog are sharing all of our top picks from the most popular sale of the year, maybe even bigger than Black Friday - and given all the sold out items - it seems to have been an overwhelmingly popular sale for many!
Last week, I shared my top five "hits and misses" from the sale. Can you guess if this cardigan I'm wearing from the NSALE one is one of my "hits or misses" - head to my blog to find out - along with all my others.
The NSALE is a great time to stock up on fall and all year round staples - like a little black dress and denim jacket. This is just one of the six outfits I put together with NSALE items. You can see the other five looks here.
You may remember the other week when I shared my try-on session from the sale - this leopard jacket and bell sleeve sweater were two of my favorites. You can see more of my try-on session here.
I have also shared many ways to "Save or Splurge" on popular items. This tote, shirt and leopard loafers are just a few of the picks - you can see many more here - like fall slides and bell sleeve sweaters.
Lastly, I typically stock up on my favorite beauty products during the sale - like my favorite shampoo and conditioner. I shared all my beauty picks here and under $25 picks here.
Next, be sure to hop over to Alison's blog to see her picks from the Nordstrom Anniversary Sale.


text:
Economic & Social Policy
Law & The Judiciary
Media & Popular Culture
Philosophy, Religion, Culture
Corporate Law and Business
LSPR
Linguistic Barriers to Justice in Indian Criminal Procedure
Written by Aradhya Sethia // August 9, 2015 // Law & The Judiciary, Uncategorized // Comments Off
This is a guest post by Abhinav Sekhri (Advocate, Delhi) and Jinal Dadiya (BCL Candidate, Oxford University)
Despite being meticulously detailed in most part, the Indian Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (hereinafter referred to as the "CrPC") is noticeably half-hearted in its treatment of issues of language-based barriers to access. For a country of as much linguistic diversity as India, potential linguistic hurdles to comprehending criminal proceedings are not only intuitively discernable, but have also demonstrated their growing presence over the years, with inter-state migrant workers and trafficked persons regularly coming into needless conflict with the law.[1] The problem which this piece aims to address is two-fold: First, that the CrPC grants only a limited right of translation/interpretation to accused persons, accruing only at the stage of trial and not earlier, substantively denying them a significant aspect of the Right to Fair Trial, and secondly, that in instances where the code does indeed make provision for translation/interpretation of evidence,[2] the absence of a standardised procedure has resulted in extreme irregularities/injustices and even "abysmal" results.[3] The latter refers not only to issues of access to translated/interpreted evidence by the accused, but also examines the quality of the translated/interpreted evidence which Courts use in the course of trial. In this attempt, the researcher shall highlight the extent to which the CrPC remains partially blind to issues of access and to the phenomenon of "lost in translation".[4] In response to the same, this piece will briefly explore the possibility of introducing a mechanism to ameliorate the same. A more fundamental problem of linguistic access relates to the very conduct of all proceedings in a language foreign to accused, and this remains a theme underlying this piece.
The extent to which a Formal Right to Translation/Interpretation accrues to an Accused under the CrPC
The inclusion of Sections 277 to 282 and Section 333(1)(c) of the CrPC is demonstrative of the legislative awareness to potential issues of linguistic access which may arise while allowing individual State governments to choose their own 'Language of Court'.[5] According to these provisions, any evidence which is in a language not understood to the accused, and is deemed necessary by the Court for the purpose of 'formal proof' "shall be interpreted to him (or his pleader) in open court in a language understood by him".[6] The Record of the Examination of Accused and the operative parts of judgement of the court are to be interpreted similarly.[7] Further, an interpreter employed by the court for this purpose is bound to state only the "true interpretation of such evidence or statement".[8] Formally, at least, an accused who does not understand the Language of a Court where s/he is being tried has the right to access evidence in a language understood by her/him. This right, however, accrues only at the stage of adducing evidence. Other proceedings, such as those relating to the Framing of Charges (Section 240), Bails and Bonds (Chapter XXXIII) and Police Investigation (Chapter XXII) have been glaringly excluded from the ambit of this right. Four judgements of different High Courts of the country have held that in the absence of an express provision for the same, an accused enjoys no implied or extended right to translated copies under Section 207 of the CrPC; reasoning which may be analogously applied to other provisions as well.[9] Thus, the right to translations/interpretations under the CrPC may best be described at limited, proscribed by the stage of proceedings, and the nature of the material to be translated.
Translation/Interpretation as a 'Fair Trial Right'
The Right to a Fair Trial, though not specifically enumerated under the Constitution of India,[10] has judicially been interpreted to be an important part of it, as part of the Right to Life and Personal Liberty under Article 21.[11] While the exact shape and form of the Right to a Fair Trial remains fluid, with the Hon'ble Supreme Court expressing its inability to capture it within a "straightjacket formula,"[12] it is accepted that criminal proceedings adhere to Principles of Natural Justice and the ideas of Fairness.[13] The urgency of a detenu's need to defend himself/herself has led to the recognition of immediate access to translations of his/her grounds for detention as an important right accruing to him/her.[14] (While the Hon'ble High Court at Madras sought to distinguish detention from the pre-trial stage, due of the absence of urgency, the researcher asserts that the rationale of giving a fair hearing applies to other stages of criminal procedure as well). Significantly, access to translated documents was observed to be an important component of the "bundle of rights" guaranteed as Fair Trial Rights under Article 21 of the Constitution of India by the Hon'ble Delhi High Court in Tuncay Alankus v. Central Bureau of Investigation,[15] where it observed that "the procedural fair trial standard incorporated under Article 6(2) of the European Convention (of Human Rights) is more or less the same as is guaranteed under Sections 278, 279 and 282 CrPC".
Under the abovementioned Article 6(2) of the European Convention of Human Rights (hereinafter referred to as the "ECHR"), oral and documentary material must be made available to a person charged with an offence in a language understood by him/her. In Kamasinski v. Austria,[16] this right was interpreted to exist at the pre-trial stage as well. The researcher believes that the Right to Translation/Interpretation under Article 21 of the Constitution of India, must, while resonating the language of the ECHR, extend to the pre-trial Stage as well. Infact, in Siddhartha Vashisht v. State,[17] where the Apex Court had observed that "[T]he right of an accused with regard to disclosure of documents is a limited rights but is codified and is the very foundation of a fair investigation and trial." The spirit of the Constitution, the international understanding of Fair Trial Rights, and the interpretation of the CrPC would warrant that accused persons have a right to translation/interpretation in the pre-trial stage as well.
The phenomenon of "Lost in Translation"
In its uncommitted and feeble treatment of issues of translation/interpretation, the CrPC is far from providing for the adequacy/reliability of translations. While, under Section 282, the CrPC interpreters are bound in law to state 'true' interpretations of such evidence and statements as they may be called upon to translate, the statute fails to provide for the procedure for appointing Interpreters and Court Translators. It also remains silent on how the question of whether a document is indeed a 'true' interpretation must be answered. At the same time, it remains harshly ignorant to the difficulties of it being challenged by persons who are already disadvantaged by their inability to comprehend the official language of the court and have access to only flawed interpretations/translations of limited parts of important documents. Obviously, in order to be real and effective, a formal right to translation/interpretation must mean a right to true, accurate and comprehensive translation.[18]
These legislative blanks have given rise to divergent judicial practices and clarifications issued by courts in spurts, in response to specific fact situations which highlight the phenomenon of "lost in translation", often leading to the "inherent indeterminacy of translated language"[19] which affects the criminal justice system.[20] In Jai Singh v. State of Karnataka,[21] the Hon'ble Supreme Court observed that the translation of the judgement of the High Court had been "abysmal"; an incident representative of the problem at hand. Similarly, in Rubabuddin Sheikh v. Central Bureau of Investigation,[22] a discrepancy in the translation of the charge-sheet seriously impacted the appreciation of evidence by the Hon'ble Supreme Court. Here, the phrases "sent somewhere" and "somehow made to disappear" were two alternative translations of the same piece of vernacular evidence, leading to the existence of differing versions of the roles played by the accused.
The kind of recourse which may be taken in cases of defects is largely limited, uncodified, and depends on the discretion of the Court. In the aforementioned case of Tuncay Alankus v. Central Bureau of Investigation, it was held that a defect in translation was only just an extreme irregularity, not enough to vitiate proceedings, unless factual injustice occasioned to the accused was proved. This naturally begs the question of whether a failure of justice, occasioned by such defect can indeed be demonstrated by an accused who is unable to comprehend the language of the court, and has access to only flawed documents in a language s/he understands.
In this case, the translator had been appointed by way of an advertisement in the newspaper, and government accredited authorities in Turkey had certified that there were indeed discrepancies in the translation. The Hon'ble High Court had further clarified that the finding of the Trial Court regarding the competence of the interpreter cannot be questioned; a position which the researcher believes to be quite apparently flawed, in light of the Trial Court's own limitations in understanding the language in which the evidence was adduced. A similarly flippant approach may be observed in the decisions of the Hon'ble Himachal Pradesh High Court in Minunno Vancenzo v. State[23] and that of the Apex Court in Shivnarain Kabra v. State of Madras.[24]
This section thus, not only highlights how Fair Trial Rights of accused persons are violated, but also demonstrates that the mutilation of evidence, in the absence of corrective safeguards within the CrPC (or read into it by judicial interpretation) may result in flawed adjudication.
Procedural Safeguards and Mechanisms for Standardisation
The gravity of the problem at hand is perhaps best observed in the almost anecdotal judgement of the Apex Court in Vaithi v. State of Tamil Nadu,[25] where "the correctness of the English translation was verified by this (the Supreme) Court with the help of a Tamil knowing member of the Bar and found to be accurate".
Contrastingly in 1983, Chandrachud J. had, in an important decision of the Hon'ble Supreme Court on an issue relating to the translation of question papers, observed that "if English questions have to be translated into Hindi, it is not enough to appoint an expert in the Hindi language as a translator. The translator must know the meaning of the scientific terminology and the art of translation".[26] Perhaps, integrity in the legal understanding of translation and access to language warrants a similar approach when it comes to criminal procedure, where the inquiry is no less technical.
Joshua Karton, in an approach similar to the one in Tuncay Alukas suggests a more inquisitorial role for presiding judges in cases where parties do not understand the language of the Court.[27] The researcher believes that this role must be understood as more wide-ranging than the one ascribed by the Hon'ble Delhi High Court, to the Trial Judge, who being non-conversant in the impugned language himself/herself, is hardly in a position to make any accurate determination of the truth of the translation. Solan and Tiersma, in Speaking of Crime, suggest the appointment of psychologists, linguists and scholars as expert witnesses to deal with issues of translation.[28] While this approach may have some merit, it has several evidentiary implications, which require pre-emption. Shah, Rahman and Khashu suggest comprehensive guidelines for Law Enforcement Agencies and Courts, claiming that "it is possible to ensure language access".[29] Inspiration may be derived from these, as well as the African model,[30] while drafting guidelines for the Indian Criminal Procedure.
The researcher believes that issues highlighted in this section and the previous one, must be addressed by legislative safeguards, addressing the questions of: 'Who may act as an interpreter?', 'Can the court authorise official translating/interpreting authorities?'; 'Would the establishment of a dedicated national authority to oversee the same help solve the problem?'; 'Would there be a presumption in favour of the truth and accuracy of translations/interpretations stated thus?'; 'Is an interpreter an Expert Witness for the purposes of Trial?', 'How can defects in translation be challenged by accused persons who do not understand the language of the Court?'. Naturally, these answers must be such that they protect, substantively, Fair Trial Rights and ensure the collapse of linguistic hurdles faced by both the accused and the Court.
[1] See for instance S. Philip, Migrant Workers Caned in Kerala, Indian Express, (July 18th, 2012), available at http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/migrant-workers-caned-in-kerala/975856/, (last visited on Oct. 4th, 2014), T. Lahiti, Delhi Journal: The Migrant Problem, The Wall Street Journal, (March 30th, 2012), available at http://blogs.wsj.com/indiarealtime/2012/03/30/delhi-journal-the-migrant-problem/, last visited on Oct. 4th, 2014), J. Chowdhury, Bangladesh Migrants: The Citizens of No Man's Land, Russia Today, (May 23rd, 2014), available at http://rt.com/op-edge/161056-bangladesh-migrants-citizens-india/, last visited on Oct. 4th, 2014).
[2] Sections 277 to 282 and s. 333, CrPC.
[3] Jai Singh v. State of Karnataka, (2007) 10 SCC 788, [Supreme Court of India].
[4] D. Carr, Lost in Translation: Due Process for Non English Speaking Defendants from an Appellant Perspective, Interpreter Manual, Kentucky Department of Public Advocacy available at http://apps.dpa.ky.gov/library/manuals/inter/lost.html, (last visited on Oct. 4th, 2014), and J. Karton, Lost in Translation: International Criminal Tribunals and the Legal Implications of Interpreted Testimony, 41(1), Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law, (January, 2008).
[5] Section 272, CrPC.
[7] Sections 281 and 333(1)(c), CrPC.
[9] See Harminder Singh Pritam Singh Virdi v. State of Maharashtra, 1990 Mah LJ 721, [High Court at Bombay], Arputhuraj v. State, 1998 (1) MWN (Crl.) 266 [High Court at Madras], Rakesh Mittal v. State of Tamil Nadu, 1999 (2) MWN (Cr.) 172, [High Court at Madras], Rajiv Ravi Das v. State of WB (CRR No. 1145/08, decided on 26.09.08), [High Court at Calcutta], and Sajal Sureshkumar Jain v. State of Gujarat, (2005) 2 GLH 530, [High Court of Gujarat].
[10] To this extent, this right is unlike the ones under Articles 20 and 22 of the Constitution, which are specifically enumerated as Fair Trial Rights and extend to the pre-trial stage as well.
[11]See G. Someshwar Rao v. Samineni Nageshwar Rao, (2009) 14 SCC 677, at p. 680, [Supreme Court of India].
[13] See Siddhartha Vashisht v. State, (2010) 6 SCC 1 [Supreme Court of India].
[14] See Prakash Chandra Mehta v. Commissioner and Secretary, Govt. of Karnataka, 1986 AIR 687, [Supreme Court of India] and the recent R. Pandimmal v. State of Tamil Nadu, MANU/TN/1265/2014,[High Court at Madras].
[15] Tuncay Alankus v. Central Bureau of Investigation, 148 (2008) DLT 289, [Delhi High Court].
[16] Kamasinski v. Austria, Application No. 9783/82, A/168, IHRL 93 (19 December, 1989), [European Court of Human Rights (Chamber)]
[17] Siddhartha Vashisht v. State, (2010) 6 SCC 1 [Supreme Court of India].
[18] See Olga Tellis v. Bombay Municipal Corporation , 1986 AIR 180, [Supreme Court of India].
[19] See J. Karton, Lost in Translation: International Criminal Tribunals and the Legal Implications of Interpreted Testimony, 41(1), Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law, (January, 2008). In this article, Karton highlights factors which are internal to the language as well as those external to it lead to inaccuracies in the translations of essential documents used in the Criminal Process.
[20] Supra note 4.
[21] Jai Singh v. State of Karnataka, (2007) 10 SCC 788, [Supreme Court of India].
[22] Rubabbuddin Sheikh v. State of Gujarat, (2010) 2 SCC 200, [Supreme Court of India]. Similarly see Ramchandra Shenoy v. Hilda Brite, 1964 AIR 1323, [Supreme Court of India].
[23] Minunno Vancenzo v. State of Himachal Pradesh, 2006 CriLJ 2339, [Himachal Pradesh High Court].
[24] Shivnarain Kabra v. State of Madras, 1967 AIR 986, [Supreme Court of India].
[25] Vaithi v. State of Tamil Nadu, 2011 (12) SCALE 606, [Supreme Court of India].
[26] Kanpur University v. Samir Gupta, 1983 AIR 1230, [Supreme Court of India].
[27] Supra note 19.
[28] L. M. Solan and P. M. Tiersma, Speaking of Crime, (University of Chicago Press, 2005).
[29] S. Shah, I. Rahman, and A. Khashu, Overcoming Language Barriers, Vera Institute of Justice. These guidelines include the stages of 'Know who you are Serving', 'Establish Language Access Policies and Protocol', 'Educate Staff About Language Access', 'Identify and Train Bilingual Staff', 'Notify the Public' and 'Pool Language Access Resources'.
[30] African Commission on Human & Peoples' Rights, Principles And Guidelines On The Right To A Fair Trial And Legal Assistance In Africa, 2003.
Aradhya is a IV Year student at National Law School, Bangalore.
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We as Apparel Export Group is one stop clothing manufacturer, sourcing, fashion woven, knitwear and sweaters manufacturing company in Dhaka, Bangladesh. A unique and dynamic manufacturing and sourcing agency offers its buyers, the best solution for sourcing textiles, yarn, printings and garment accessories locally from Bangladesh and internationally from India ,China, Taiwan and Thailand and acting the main clothing exporters in Bangladesh.
In ready made garments industry or RMG sector Apparel Export Group always serving its international buyers cost-effective value added package by sourcing everything. We are in a leading place in the manufacturing, buying and sourcing agency business for providing the best quality, workmanship and prices with timely deliveries. We are the best among all Bangladesh fashion apparel sourcing agents and clothing suppliers of Bangladesh. Our vision is to offer international clothing buyers in Bangladesh market, delivering the right quality and timely shipment. We invite international buyers to Bangladesh and make buying textile clothing t-shirts from Bangladesh as our valued clients and wish for the future prospect of Pakistan and Myanmar for the same.
We are always increasing our buyers profitability through out sourcing, competitive pricing, best quality, workmanship, on-time delivery, apparel-merchandising, professional behavior with the highest standard of services. As one of the leading garment clothing suppliers of Bangladesh we always assure best quality and has taken a unique place among the all other knitwear garment exporters of Bangladesh.
Policy based Apparel Export Group is a united group of compliance garment factories in Bangladesh. The news is we are the best factories of garment in Bangladesh and believes in worldwide business practices and principles.


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How it is like to live in US: Story of Huma Mahmood Abedin
Abdulrahman Al-Zuhayyan
Even though many Arabs and Muslims would like to live in the US, they examine the pros and cons of living permanently in that country before making a decision. Living in the United States has two sides: The bright side and the dark side. Both sides are clearly evident in the case of Huma Mahmood Abedin.
But who is Huma? She is a young Muslim lady from an Indian father and a Pakistani mother. Both her parents received doctoral degrees from the University of Pennsylvania. Apparently, while they were doing their graduate studies in the US they had their daughter Huma, who was born in 1976 in Kalamazoo, Michigan.
Sayed Zainul Abedin and Saleha Mahmood Abedin moved to Jeddah when Huma was two years old. Her father Sayed passed away in 1993, and her mother continued teaching at Dar Al-Hekma College in Jeddah. After the death of her father, Huma returned to the US to complete her studies at George Washington University.
In 1996, she started working as an intern for the White House and was assigned to Hillary Clinton. Since then she worked as an aide to Clinton up to 2008 when she worked as a traveling chief of staff during the campaign for the democratic nomination for the presidential elections, and then a deputy chief of staff and aide to US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, which is a high-ranking job.
This is a real and wonderful American success story. But it has the two sides. The bright side of living in the US is that almost anyone, regardless of religion and ethnicity, could be given the opportunity to excel and achieve her/his dreams, including holding a high office in the government.
Huma was a teenage girl when her father died, and she could have stayed in Jeddah and enrolled at Dar-Al-Hekma where her mother teaches and graduated like any other girl in this college. But she decided to go on her way to continue her education in the US, becoming one of the 40 most influential civic leaders in the US. One never knows, she could be the US Secretary of State, and she might come to Saudi Arabia and visit Dar-Al-Hekma College.
The dark side of living in the US is only pertinent to Arabs and Muslims and does not involve other religious or ethnic groups. Muslims have little political clout in the US, and as a result, they have become the easiest target of attack by other groups.
It is noticed that public figures and opinion makers, such as politicians, religious leaders, educators and media personality, can attack Islam and get away with it as if it is a normal practice, while they cannot do so with other religions. While some religious leaders make blasphemous statements against the Prophet (peace be upon him), no Muslim ever says anything against Jesus Christ or the Bible, because Qur'an holds them in high esteem. Moreover, every ethnic group can easily build their places of worship, schools and community centers without any impediments, while Muslims cannot do the same. Media outlets may attack Islam, Muslim cultures, and people, and engage in name-calling, but they cannot do the same with other US groups. These could be frustrating and self-defeating for Muslims.
These negative aspects of living in the US that center on Islam, ethnicity and culture make a Muslim feel alienated. On top of that, a Muslim's integrity is always questioned.
The story of Huma could be presented as an example of the bright and dark sides of living in the US. Five US Republican congresspersons, among them three members of the Intelligence Committee sent a letter to the inspectors general at five federal agencies asking them to investigate the influence of the Muslim Brotherhood on State Department policy, citing a report by the Center for Security Policy that reported Huma Abedin has three family members connected to Muslim Brotherhood operative and/or organizations. Those members are her late father, her mother and her brother.
Although these allegations practically and logically cannot hold water, those Republican congresspersons aimed at ruining a Muslim woman's political career. They have done that because they know she belongs to an ethnic and religious group that is vulnerable to attack and smear campaign and no one would come to her rescue.
Surprisingly, the bright side of the US turned swiftly and decisively to Huma's favor. The accusers were told that the role of the Intelligence Committee is to examine the threats to US national security and that the committee — which has access to classified information — cannot be used for personal political games. People for the American Way (PFAW) called on House Speaker John Boehner to remove Congresswoman Michele Bachmann, who spearheaded the accusations. Also several Republican congressmen and senators rejected those allegations against Huma.
Few bad experiences can override plenty of good ones, damaging one's soul and life, and hard to return to be the same again. Nevertheless, the bright face of the US is always glowing.
- Dr. Abdulrahman Al-Zuhayyan is a Saudi
academician based in Riyadh.
This article is exclusive to Arab News.
Disclaimer: Views expressed by writers in this section are their own and do not necessarily reflect Arab News' point-of-view
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HomeNew Thinking--with Joe Bartuah -As 2017 Election Draws Closer, Liberians Say Their Eyes Are Open
As 2017 Election Draws Closer, Liberians Say Their Eyes Are Open
October 19, 2015 New Thinking--with Joe Bartuah - 0
As dozens of Liberian presidential candidates for the 2017 election warming up to take state power following the replacement of President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf when her tenure shall have ended, Liberians from across the country say they are ready to chose a leader who will not disappoint them.
Our Correspondent in the southeast of the Country, Maryland, Grand Kru and Grand Gedeh Counties during his weekend opinion sampling in that part of the Country said, dozens of Liberians who were spoke to vowed not to elect someone who will only care for his or her family, but rather someone who will be most patriotic and nationalistic in his quest to rule Liberia.
Our Correspondent quoting some residents of Grand Gedeh said those spoken to are bitter with the current Government, noting that this Government has failed them in its bid to bring about reconciliation amongst Liberians, especially those from that County.
He said some of the residents of the County who were spoken to during his opinion poll have all resolved that anyone who will come under the canopy of the Unity Party should consider receiving any support from them during the pending 2017 general and presidential elections.
Our southeastern Correspondent speaking via mobile phone also disclosed that some residents of both Maryland and Grand Kru Counties have vowed that this time they will not vote in favor of anyone due to that individual or individuals' financial willpower.
"They disclosed that anyone who feels that we can be used because they have money to put them in power, they will be missing the boat. This time we are watching all of them with eagle eyes, not only for money but what they can do for the Country. If they bring their money we will eat it for free," Our Correspondent quoting residents in that part of the Country said.
Observers believed this warning from electorates should be a clear notice for those politicians who feel that money can take them to the top, the presidency. "Liberians need a patriotic and nationalistic individual who will lead them, and not anyone who will use their political jargons to ascend to state power.


1991 CCACG helped defeat a non-binding referendum that supported simulcast racing. Vote later ignored by GA and Lottery Commission. There was no local vote in spite of Rep. Bruce Long's appeal that the GA comply with the law regarding expansion of gambling.
1992 Lottery Commission approved a 52% increase in VLTs at Jai Alai and Lincoln Park. Rep. Christine Callahan again appealed to the GA to obey law the that required voter approval but was ignored.
1992 Lottery Commission installed Keno machines in establishments without GA or voter approval.
1994 Statewide approval for a constitutional amendment requiring a referendum to approve any expansion of types of gambling in the State. Must be approved by both the State and the host community. Vote was more than 2-1 in favor.
1995 Voters rejected all 5 referenda on the ballot each calling for approval of a casino in 5 different communities.
1996 Lottery Commission held a public hearing on a proposal for more VLTs at Newport Grand. Opposition was loud and clear. Support only from employees.
1999 City Council resolution #53 opposed West Warwick gambling plan and endorses amendment to State law changing minimum gambling age from 18 to 21.
1999 City Council resolution #62 directing that revenue from additional slots that were authorized by the Lottery Commission be used to reduce debt service on Thompson Middle School.
2003 The sport of Jai Alai, the only type of gambling ever approved of by Newport voters is eliminated.
2004 GA approved a referenda for a casino in West Warwick partnered by Harrahs and the Narragansett Indian tribe (even though expressly prohibited by the Constitution).
2006 Harrah's gained passage of legislation to change the State Constitution to allow the casino in West Warwick. It was rejected by 63% of the voters in spite of a $17.8 million ad campaign. Newport County rejected it by 73%.
2007 State Superior court ( Judge Melanie Wilk Thunberg) ruled against the City of Newport in favor on Newport Grand in the suit regarding City zoning control over the use of casino gambling. She ruled that "the state has the sole authority to regulate gambling at Newport Grand "…and that "the City is powerless to make such an intrusion".
2010 Joint resolution to amend Constitution Article 6. Voted in House 62-12 in favor and Senate 21-14 in favor. Vetoed by Gov. Carcierei. Senate President Teresa Paiva Weed spoke passionately against the resolution.
2014 November 5, 2014 Newport Grand pro-gaming referendum was defeated by a resounding margin, 57 percent to 43 percent, in what anti-gambling voters called a David vs. Goliath battle.


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Q: How to set edgesForExtendedLayout to none in Swift 3 The problem is that my View, containing a UIView and a UITableView within a ScrollView, gets hidden under the UINavigationBar if set translucent.
I have considered several threads like this, but they all suggest to set:
self.edgesForExtendedLayout = UIRectEdgeNone

In Swift 2, this code was:
self.edgesForExtendedLayout = .None

I have updated to Xcode 8.1 and Swift 3.0.1 today, but I can't find anything in the release notes about this matter.
The compiler tells me, that .None got changed to .none, but after edit, that .none does not exist. Changing it to .top did not had any effect.
The tableView is setup programatically and putting insets does not help because I have a scrollView with a UIView on top of the UITableView that is hidden under the UINavigationBar.
What am I missing? Help is very appreciated.

A: SWIFT 5 solution
override func viewWillAppear(_ animated: Bool) {
   super.viewWillAppear(animated)

   self.edgesForExtendedLayout = []
}

A: self.edgesForExtendedLayout = .init(rawValue: 0)

A: Set it to []. That is the same as none.

A: I don't know how but I just added the following code in my viewDidLoad() and it solves my problem.
self.navigationController?.navigationBar.isTranslucent = false


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Q: Using SSMTP and ProcessBuilder I'm currently working on a project for school and I'm trying to use sSMTP to send emails from java to a user using a text file. Executing from the command line ssmtp email@gmail.com < msg.txt works just fine and sends me the email with the information contained in msg.txt. However, when I try to do it in java using ProcessBuilder it doesn't send an email.
`ProcessBuilder builder = new ProcessBuilder;
 builder.command("ssmtp", "email@gmail.com", "<", "msg.txt");
 Process p = builder.start();`

I believe that it doesn't like where I try to pipe in msg.txt. If anyone knows a better way to do this that would be great. I haven't been able to find anything yet and am not sure how to do it myself

A: Instead of trying to rely on the shell's redirect functionality (which as you see doesn't work), you can just read msg.txt and write it to the process' OutputStream. It'll be the same thing, but in code (and it'll be a better solution too).
Something along the lines of
Process p = new ProcessBuilder("ssmtp").start();
PrintStream out = new PrintStream(p.getOutputStream());
String line = null;
BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream("msg.txt")));
while((line = in.readLine()) != null)
    out.println(line);
out.close();
in.close();

However if you want to use shell redirection which I wouldn't recommend for anything serious, you need to execute the program which actually does the redirection, i.e. bash. The following should do the trick:
new ProcessBuilder("bash", "ssmtp", "email@gmail.com", "<", "msg.txt").start();

As dave_thompson_085 commented, it's even easier to do programmatic redirection. Things sure are easy these days!
new ProcessBuilder("ssmtp", "email@gmail.com").redirectInput(new File("msg.txt")).start();


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Metal Casioak Watch Review and Comparison to the Resin Models, Plus How to Get Them at a Discount - GM2100N-2A and GMS2100PG-1A vs. GA2110ET-2A and GMAS2100-4A
I'm not in the minority of watch hobbyists in saying that I really like the "Casioak." Regular readers of the blog will have noticed that I've now covered a number of different models and sizes in a variety of colorways. I even gave one away to one of our readers last year!
One of my initial takeaways from the first green Casioak that I reviewed, was that I loved the look and the dimensions, but I wished that G-Shock would bring it upmarket. Well, the brand hasn't released the solar atomic version that I wished for (yet), but it has released a number of metal versions that bring the line up a notch in quality and price. In order to see how they stack up, I purchased two of the new metal models to wear and compare to the resin models. I even managed to get them at a discount (more on that later)!
In an effort to reduce my collection, I gave away or sold most of the full-size models that I had amassed. The navy blue GA2110ET-2A was the one that managed to stick around, so I purchased the blue metal GM2100N-2A as the most direct comparison.
My wife also still had her mid-size black GMAS2100-1A and cream-colored GMAS2100-4A. She had seen the rose gold-colored metal GMS2100PG-1A and told me how much that she liked it, so I ordered one of those for her as well.
GM2100N-2A and GA2110ET-2A
Comparing the full-size models first, there are a lot of similarities. Both use the same 5611 module, which means that they use the exact same display, and have the same functionality. The metal version is a hair narrower, but it is not distinguishable on the wrist. Both are the same thickness. The biggest difference in wearability is that the metal version is 21g heavier. It didn't affect the comfort in everyday wear, as it is still a fairly light watch. I could imagine that it would be less desirable if you were to wear it while playing sports or riding a bike though.
The metal Casioak is still advertised as being shock-resistant, but it doesn't utilize Casio's carbon core guard. Both use a mineral crystal, but the resin model has a noticeably taller lip on its bezel, which would likely better protect it from damage. The resin itself should also be less likely to show dings and scratches compared to the color-coated metal of the GMS. On the flip side, the metal won't become discolored or dirty over time like the resin models will (especially the lighter-colored ones).
Where the metal model does excel is in the looks department. The case has a nice mixture of finishes that I hadn't noticed in the press photos. On the website, it is described as having a "dark gray IP bezel." While it does look less blue in person than in the press photos, this appears to be a typo.
The upper surface of the bezel features an attractive brushing, as do the sides of the case. Even the visible screws securing the case are updated, with a black coating, and a hex head rather than Philips.
The dial is also more attractive. Casio describes it as being "treated with vapor deposition finish for a meticulously detailed metallic look." If it's not made of metal, it's a convincing facsimile. The vertical brushed pattern shifts in appearance in different types of light and adds visual interest.
Gunmetal hour indices and day display add a subtle contrast. These surfaces have groove patterns that are almost impossible to see with the naked eye, but that reflects light better, improving legibility slightly.
The strap on the metal version also has a more premium feel. Rather than the more functional look of the resin model, it has a subtle square pattern molded in, and fewer grooves. Unfortunately, the buckle is not color-matched as it is on the resin model, but it is metal rather than plastic. Also, owners of multiple Casioaks might find it interesting that the quick-release straps are compatible between the metal and resin models.
This color variant of the metal Casioak has a more monotone look than its resin cousin. The whole watch looks much darker in person than in the press photos. It has a more dramatic color shift than the resin version, looking navy blue in the sun, but coming off closer to gunmetal in low light. The result looks very clean and stylish, but the legibility suffers compared to the resin model with light gray hands. If this is a concern to you, just consider this when choosing a color, as legibility varies a lot across the Casioak models.
GMS2100PG-1A and GMAS2100-4A
Moving to the mid-size models, the differences are more significant. While the full-size models have slightly different dimensions, Casio kept the same feel between both watches. With the mid-size Casioaks, the look and feel of the metal models are noticeably smaller than their resin cousins.
One of the side-effects of this shrinking appears on the dial. While the resin mid-size models use the same module as the full-size versions, you might notice that the metal mid-size has lost its day display hand. This function has now moved to the digital display. In standard timekeeping mode, wearers can choose to display the day, month and date, or digital time in this window (full-size models with the day hand can choose to display only the latter two).
Text on the bezel to indicate the button function has also moved to the back of the watch. The branding on the bezel is becomes laser-etched rather than recessed.
The other changes found on the metal mid-size are similar to the full-size. It uses similar brushing on the case and the dial has a metallic appearance, albeit with a matte rather than brushed finish. In this case the color comes from ion plating and indices are polished.
As it is the dressiest of all of the Casioak models, the rose gold version has a smooth and subtle black strap. Unlike the blue version, its metal buckle is color-matched to the case. I haven't had a chance to confirm if these straps are interchangeable, since the cases are different sizes. I will update this article once I do.
Casio has been releasing a steady stream of new colors of the Casioak series. The obvious advice is to choose the model that speaks to you the most. If supreme legibility is of importance to you, I'd also recommend paying attention to the hands. Some of the variants are supremely legible such as the non-US market GA2100-1AER which is black with white hands. Others can be quite difficult to read in low light, such as the all-metal blue model reviewed here, the fully blacked-out US market GA-2100-1A1ER, or the all-red GA-2100-4AER. This will drive some people crazy, while others won't care at all.
But what if you're hung up deciding between the metal or a resin model? Each version has its advantages. The resin models are lighter weight, and should hold up to abuse better. The metal models, on the other hand, are more versatile. The polished surfaces and metallic dials make give them a more sophisticated and mature look. They would not look out of place in some business-casual situations, yet could still pull off gym duty, or playing sports after work. They also won't become dirty or discolored.
The other consideration is the price. Casio tends to charge a big premium for its metal models that does not always seem commensurate to the value it adds. At MSRP, the steel models are double the price of their resin counterparts. If you're on a tight budget, I have a tough time recommending them from a value perspective. At the same price, you can buy two colors of the resin models, and have more fun options.
On the flip side, compared to other $200 watches, these do have a lot of style and wrist-presence. It's also one of the newest and hottest G-Shock models. I wore mine to a local match meet last night, and it attracted as much attention as watches that were one or even two orders of magnitude more expensive.
Finally, it boils down to how you'll use the watch, and what your budget is.
Which one should I keep?
In an effort to control the size of my watch collection, I'll likely end up selling one or the other of my blue models. I have a Mudman as my beater watch, and I have a number of other metal watches, so both Casioak models float somewhere in between.
Which one should I keep? I'd love to hear your opinions in the comments.
Where to buy Them?
In the intro, I alluded to a source to buy these watches at a discount. I have no affiliation with this company, but I've bought five Casioaks via three separate transactions from a site in Spain called Relojes de Moda. The watches are genuine, and they arrive quickly via DHL. They often have even the harder to find, and non-US market models in stock. When something is out of stock, there is an option to sign up for notifications via email when the model you're looking for is available. They seem to restock frequently. Let me know in the comments if you buy from them, and what your experience is.
Full-Size Resin Full-Size Metal Mid-Size Resin Mid-Size Metal
Ref. #
-2A GM
-2A GMAS
-4A GMS
2100PG
-1A
(USD) $110 $220 $99 $200
Width (mm) 45.4 44.4 42.9 40.4
Height (mm) 48.5 49.3 46.9 45.9
Thick-
ness (mm) 11.8 11.8 11.2 11.0
Module 5611 5611 5611 5663
Resist. (m) 200 200 200 200
Crystal Mineral Mineral Mineral Mineral
Weight (g) 51 72 41 55
Batt.
Life (yr) 3 3 3 3
Nicely written article – best review I have seen of this watch with nice photos.
I'd keep the Blue metal one!!
Peter May 24, 2022


Apr 03, 2017· The Cape Town Diamond Museum also pays homage to the most famous South African diamonds and showcases specimens of Kimberlite rock dating billions of years old. Situated in the bustling heart of the Clock Tower precinct at the V&A Waterfront, the Cape Town Diamond Museum is a must-see for any visitor to Cape Town.
The 2018 Diamond Edition is limited to just 30 cars for sale to celebrate the 30th anniversary of the company behind the STI moniker, Subaru Technica International.
History Of Diamonds In South Africa "Diamond is the most valuable, not only of precious stones, but of all things in this world." Pliny the Elder, Ancient Roman Naturalist, 1st Century A.D. Diamonds have a long history as objects of beauty and human desire.
Aug 13, 2008· The company made use of South Africa's segregated compound system to staff its mines, and shaped many of the systems that were later used in the foundation of apartheid.
Discover how diamonds where formed 3.3 billion years ago and the traditional and modern mining methods used. Travel back to the early days of diamonds in South Africa and learn about the key players, past and present, who are responsible for South Africa being one of the world's top diamond producing countries.
Baically Diamond Centre is the place to be especially when your a diamond, or jewellery lover. . . I totally love this place, its got this different atmosphere, i love the people, meeting different/new people everyday, i love my work aswell. . .
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Saxon Diamonds, located in Stellenbosch, heart of the Cape Winelands, South Africa, was established with the sole purpose of accumulating a portfolio of high-potential diamond assets in Africa and an ultimate goal of becoming one of the world's major diamond producers.
The century-old KGK Group has expanded its diamond-cutting operations to South Africa. Though the group's operations in Africa commenced in 1996, KGK's Sky Investments has now set up its own diamond cutting and polishing factory in Namibia, South Africa.
The DTC sorts, valuates and categorizes the rough diamonds mined in Botswana, Canada, South Africa and Namibia. The sorted diamonds are sold simultaneously to sightholders in London and Kimberley, South Africa 10 times a year.
Jean-Raymond Boulle (born 10 October 1950) is the founder of four publicly traded companies with deposits of nickel, cobalt, copper, zinc, titanium and diamonds.


As we begin Tourism Week 2006, under the theme, "St. Vincent and the Grenadines: The Home of Hospitality". It is incumbent on us to ensure that every Vincentian is aware of the importance of the Tourism Industry to the economy of St. Vincent and the Grenadines.
In 2005, the tourism visitor expenditure in St. Vincent and the Grenadines totaled EC282.94 million, this is a 9.6% increase on the 2004 figure of EC $258.
It is against this background that the Ministry of Tourism, Youth and Sports is celebrating "Tourism Week" 2006.
Everyone is aware that St. Vincent and the Grenadines is assiduously preparing for the ICC, Cricket World Cup 2007.
St. Vincent and the Grenadines is expecting an additional 4,000 plus persons for the games. This increased volume of passengers will certainly add to the first quarter visitor arrivals numbers.
It is therefore important that we make "St. Vincent and the Grenadines: The Home of Hospitality" to ensure long term benefits and a legacy for St. Vincent and the Grenadines. Let us begin by being hospitable to each other, let us show concern for our environment both land and marine base. Let us work to ensure that every visitor to St. Vincent and the Grenadines leaves with a memorable impression and experience of our country to the extent that they will be willing to share this experience with friends and loved ones on return to their respective countries.
nothing as powerful as "Word of Mouth" advertising in the tourism industry.
Therefore, let us ensure that what ever is said about a visit to St. Vincent and the Grenadines will be to our benefit/advantage. In this regard we need to create and exhibit positive attitudes, deliver quality products and services and give value for money.
In closing, I would like to say "Courtesy is contagious, try it." Let us make St. Vincent and the Grenadines: The Home of Hospitality".


Sorry, you missed Help for Anxiety, Depressio... at Clontarf Methodist Church.
Demand that Clontarf Methodist Church gets added to the next tour!
You missed Help for Anxiety, Depressio... at Clontarf Methodist Church.


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Doral Financial in $625 Million Recapitalization
Cleary Gottlieb advised Doral Financial, a Puerto Rico-based bank holding company, in a recapitalization transaction to refinance the company's $625 million notes due July 20, 2007. The transaction was completed on July 19, 2007.
The recapitalization transaction entailed an equity investment of $610 million in Doral by a newly formed bank holding company in which, among other investors, Bear Stearns Merchant Banking and funds managed by Marathon Asset Management, Perry Capital, the D. E. Shaw group, Tennenbaum Capital Partners, Eton Park Capital Management, Goldman Sachs, Canyon Capital Advisors and GE Asset Management invested. The transaction, which received significant press coverage as one of the first controlling investments by private equity firms in the U.S. banking sector, was announced on May 15.
Cleary Gottlieb also represented Doral Financial in connection with the various lawsuits and investigations initiated following Doral's announcement of the need to restate the company's financial statements in April 2005, successfully concluding a settlement with the SEC in September 2006 and an omnibus settlement of securities class action and shareholder derivative litigation that received final court approval on July 17, 2007.
Cleary Wins 2021 Law360 White-Collar Practice Group of the Year
GCC in $500 Million Sustainability-Linked Notes Offering


As a patient, you have the right to adequate notice of the uses and disclosures of your protected health information. Under the Health Insurance Portability and Accessibility Act (HIPAA), Dr. John W. Turley, LLC can use your protected health information for treatment, payment and health care operations.
Appointment Reminders and Treatment Alternatives: We may use or disclose your health information to provide you with appointment reminders (such as voicemail messages, postcards, or letters) or information about treatment alternatives or other health-related benefits and services that may be of interest to you. We may also use your health information to provide you with information regarding services that we offer related to your healthcare needs.
Dr. John W. Turley, LLC is required by law to maintain the privacy of your protected health information. We are required to abide by the terms of this notice as it is currently stated, and reserve the right to change this notice. The policies in any new notice will not be in effect until they are posted to this site, or are available within our office.