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Q: Why does std::cin.getline not have an oveloaded method to take std::string? I'm curious about the technical reason for cin.getline and the global getline function being in different places.
What was the motivation for not simply defining all these function signatures for cin:
//THESE TWO EXIST
istream& cin::getline (char* s, streamsize n );
istream& cin::getline (char* s, streamsize n, char delim );

//THESE TWO COULD EXIST
istream& cin::getline (string &s);
istream& cin::getline (string &s, char delim );

Was it because other types may want to be added and they didn't want to marry the string to cin?

A: More or less. "They" probably didn't want to have std::istream depend on std::string in any way, probably to minimize coupling.
Note that std::getline() is defined in the <string> module.

A: See my answer for a similar question. It might be an oversight by the C++ Standard committee, but it can also be explained with dependency concerns. If the standard would require function overloads for std::string in the <iostream> header then it would require implementers to #include<string> in <iostream>. That's a dependency requirement, which would further slow down compiling anything that requires <iostream> -- even if a compilation unit doesn't itself need std::string.
Do note that on the other hand the <string> header has functions that take a reference to std::basic_istream<> and std::basic_ostream<>; but the standard also requires a header named <iosfwd> which forward-declares all IO facilities, making the <string> header dependable on the compile-time fast <iosfwd> header. A dependency the other way around would be much slower to compile.

A:
There are several places where the C++
  standard committee did not really
  optimize the interaction between
  facilities in the standard library.
std::string and its use in the library
  is one of these.
One other example is std::swap. Many
  containers have a swap member
  function, but no overload of std::swap
  is supplied. The same goes for
  std::sort.
I hope all these small things will be
  fixed in the upcoming standard.

-Christopher
Adding this post I found in that other thread because it seems relevant and accepting an answer.


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Sanditon Season 2: What Are The Chances of Renewal?
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The Artistree > Entertainment > Locke and Key Season 2 Filming Has Started, With Necessary Precautions
Locke and Key Season 2 Filming Has Started, With Necessary Precautions
Locke and Key season 2 is now a confirmed thing as the show is now greenlit by Netflix, the streaming giant. If you all are looking for updates about the series, you really have come to the right place. In this brand new show, we can all witness three siblings who move into their new homes after their father's death.
It is a huge mansion that gives off creepy vibes from the start. This house is owned by his father's side of the family. That is, the Lockelace also has a lot of secrets hidden deep inside, and it sees three siblings move into a house that has a lot of magic and secrets hidden inside. The first season of the show was made up of 10 episodes.
A set image for Locke and Key Season 2
Locke and Key Season 2 confirmed by Netflix!
Also, even the creators have revealed how hard it was for them to get a TV series finally made about Locke and Key. The showrunners say that first, the show was getting made for Fox. Later it went with Hulu, and the creators even made pilots for it. Almost all the reviews that were cast in this show's way were positive. Although, there were quite a few complaints that said the show felt similar. Nevertheless, the fans did not mind anything, and some even dubbed it the next Goosebumps. Earlier this year, it was confirmed that Locke and Key season 2 is on the cards. As for the renewal, we think that this time we will have even a diverse version of the keys and the demons.
If a confirmed release date has to be deciphered, then probably it comes to deciding a filming status. Back on the 21st of September, it was revealed that production has begun on a second installment. It is scheduled to film till the 5th of March 2021. There even are some first pictures from the set of Locke and Key season 2. It shows that the cast members are filming with all the safety measures against the fatal coronavirus.
Locke and Key Season 1 ― What was the story?
At the end of season one, we saw how the wrong Dodge got locked up in the most vicious door in the series. Thus, it directly had some space for a sequel, which is now happening. In the end, we see that it is the three siblings who are the keeper of all the keys. They even possess the omega one. However, we know that evil is still lurking behind in the city.
We know the dangerous key (omega) is safe, but the crown still can not be found yet. All this while, we kind of hope that the show sticks to its original story arc. This is the story that is mentioned in the comics. The creators want to really sure if the ending works for this show. They do not just want to end the series while forcing themselves into a potential end. Joe Hill even said the show had to work as a TV show.
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BCA members said reaching out to their middle agent as soon as Kendrick Lamar's album first leaked helped them book the artist. Herald file photo.
Brown Concert Agency held its first of many open forums to inform the student body of the Spring Weekend planning process and solicit student opinions yesterday at 6 p.m. in Salomon 101.
BCA plans on holding more open forums, setting up a table on the College Green in the months leading up to Spring Weekend and taking into account the preferences students express in the ongoing Undergraduate Council of Students poll, she said.
BCA's primary purpose is to "provide students with the best acts possible," said Cameron Johnson '14, administrative chair. BCA reaches out to the student body for their foundation of information, he said.
The meeting consisted of a discussion of BCA's timeline for the year, their selection of performers, ticketing issues and a question-and-answer session on what groups BCA can afford. About 14 students attended, including four non-BCA members.
"We try to predict what will be popular in the spring," Johnson said. Last year, BCA was able to book Kendrick Lamar at an affordable price by acting early.
Within 24 hours of his album "good kid, m.A.A.d city" leaking in October, all BCA members listened to it online and contacted their middle agent to book him, Johnson said.
Due to budget constraints, artists such as Beyonce and Taylor Swift are out of reach. In his hit song "Started from the Bottom," when Drake raps, "now I'm on the road, half a million for a show," he's not kidding, Johnson said.
But booking artists like Lorde is possible, Greenberg said.
Once acts are picked, BCA co-signs a contract with the artists specifying concert details including when the line-up can be publicly announced. If these terms are violated, artists have the right to drop out, Greenberg said, making confidentiality of utmost importance.
The BCA starts planning for Spring Weekend over the preceding summer, Johnson said. In the fall, members meet weekly, interview potential new members and book "as many artists as we can." In the spring, they finalize the booking process, looking for groups that are relevant in the music world, popular with students, good live performers and fit well together "creating a complete puzzle," Johnson added.
Brown Student Agencies is also working in collaboration with the BCA to fix ticketing issues. Because payment verification must go through a contracted service called TouchNet, ticketing must happen on TouchNet's servers, said Connor Shinn '14, BSA executive director. "We're confident that this year it's in their best interest, as well as ours, to have this go well," he said.
"They seemed to know what they are doing, and I'm looking forward to when the lineup gets revealed," said Dani Dichter '17.
A previous version of this article reported that Kendrick Lamar was booked in February 2013, right after his album leaked. In fact, the album was leaked in October 2012, and BCA bid on him then.
What weekend is Spring Weekend this year? How much larger is the budget?
Why would the gag clause in the contract be included? It doesn't seem to be particularly in the artist's interest. Rather it sets up a situation for BCA to fail. Can someone explain why an artist would insist that their performance at an institution like Brown be kept secret for a period of time?


Early departure, we drive through Somerset West, over Sir Lowrys Pass to Hermanus passing a few farm stalls on the way for some 'Padkos'. Whale watching is popular in Hermanus, some wine tasting, wine purchasing, town orientation, lunch and return via the famous Clarence Drive, passing Betty's Bay to Gordons Bay Naval Base, then onto Cape Town. Stunning views, country driving, Kogelberg Biosphere is on our return route, Penguin Colony and hopefully we see Whales on this Tour. Boat trips are also available.
Pick up at your Hotel, head towards Franschhoek, Stellenbosch and the Paarl Wine Areas. We will do Cellar tours, wine tasting, lunch and return to Cape Town. Our excursion takes us on a circular route as to show you more of the areas. Additional stops if requested are Butterfly World, Motor museum, Cheetah Reserve, Lion Park, Historical sites, the "Town's" orientation tours, Brandy tasting, shopping, curios and a fantastic drive in the country. Wine Touring on Horseback is an option when we in the winelands.
Pick up at your Hotel, drive around the Peninsula to Cape Point, we go into the Reserve, look for some animals, view the 2 Oceans, have lunch and return to Cape Town. We will drive along the beautiful Atlantic Sea Board, the Stadium, Clifton, Camps Bay, Over Chapmans Peak Drive, Simons Town Naval Base, along Boyes Drive, sight see at Shark Spotters, pass through Constantia wine region, a brief tour or the Cape Town City and back to your Hotel. We could see Whales, Dolphins, Penguins, Baboons, Antelope, Ostriches, with fantastic views of the Table Mountain National Park as our backdrop.
On this Tour we can combine many interesting items. Table Mountain, Lions Head, Churches & Mosques, Monuments, our Stadium, The Castle, Company Gardens, Bo Kaap, Long street, famous Adderley Street, The Waterfront, District 6 Museum, Green Market Square and basically anything you would like to do, time allowing. We will be mostly driving with a few walks in between, lots of opportunity to purchase curios, souvenirs and gifts.
Day drives are possible or stay a few nights to get a real feel. Day game/Safari drives, game walks or mountain biking. We choose BIG 5 game reserves that are a few hours away from Cape Town. We can also visit game Lodges that do not host the BIG 5 but many most of your popular Antelope etc. We can also visit the Cheetah Park and Lion Park just as a day trip. Malaria free areas which is a real bonus for us here in the Cape.
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NASA Honors Aerospace Engineer Mary Jackson
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The NASA headquarters in Washington, D.C., has a new name: the Mary W. Jackson NASA Headquarters. This is quite an honor for an amazing person.
"Mary W. Jackson was part of a group of very important women who helped NASA succeed in getting American astronauts into space. Mary never accepted the status quo, she helped break barriers and open opportunities for African Americans and women in the field of engineering and technology," said NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine.
Jackson grew up in Virginia, where she graduated from Hampton Institute with a dual degree in math and physical sciences in 1942. She worked as a math teacher, a bookkeeper, and an Army secretary before starting her aerospace career with the agency that preceded NASA.
In 1951, Jackson was recruited to work in the segregated West Area Computing Unit of the Langley Research Center as a mathematician. These mathematicians were known as human computers!
Two years later, Jackson switched departments to get experience conducting experiments.
Her supervisor encouraged her to complete a training program so she could become an engineer. Jackson received special permission to join her peers in the then-segregated school and completed the courses. She became NASA's first Black female engineer in 1958.
She worked hard and wrote numerous research reports. After 20 years, she joined Langley's Federal Women's Program and worked to help hire and promote the next generation of female mathematicians, engineers and scientists.
Jackson was one of the women featured in a popular book in 2016 that was made into the movie titled "Hidden Figures" the same year.
The newly named headquarters "appropriately sits on 'Hidden Figures Way,' a reminder that Mary is one of many incredible and talented professionals in NASA's history who contributed to this agency's success. Hidden no more, we will continue to recognize the contributions of women, African Americans and people of all backgrounds who have made NASA's successful history of exploration possible," said Bridenstine.
Arizona School Openings Postponed
Arizona teachers and students will have to wait a bit longer to return to their classrooms this year. Gov. Doug Ducey recently ordered the first day of school for in-person learning delayed until August 17.
Schools are still allowed to conduct distance (online) learning before that date. School districts are scrambling to find the best solution. The governor previously announced a $270 million plan to help the state's public schools safely open at the beginning of the school year.
In addition to addressing schools' reopening, Governor Ducey's June 29 order also prohibits large gatherings and paused the operations of bars, gyms, indoor movie theaters, waterparks and tubing rentals until July 27.
The decision came as Arizona is seeing record numbers of new cases of COVID-19. The numbers increased in June, with a record-high of 4,323 new cases reported on June 24.
In total, Arizona more than 100,000 cases of the virus. People between the ages of 20–44 now make up about half of the cases in our state. Around the world, more than 11.5 million people have been infected and more than half a million deaths have been reported.
According to the Arizona Dept. of Health Services, the virus is thought to spread mostly between people who are close to each other. The good news is the agency also says there are effective ways to practice physical distancing and reduce the risk to yourself and others.
Wash your hands often with soap and water for at least 20 seconds. If that is not an option, use hand sanitizer. You should also avoid touching your face with unwashed hands, stay home when you are sick, avoid being within 6 feet of people you do not live with, cover your cough or sneeze with a tissue or your sleeve, wear face coverings in public, and clean and disinfect frequently touched objects and surfaces. For more information, visit azhealth.gov/coronavirus.


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Drive Sober or Get Pulled Over: National Crackdown on Impaired Driving is Underway | News
Drive Sober or Get Pulled Over: National Crackdown on Impaired Driving is Underway
Friday, August 21st, 2015, 11:36am
Topics: News, Transportation
As summer winds down, law enforcement organizations across the country are ramping up enforcement efforts as part of a national crackdown on drunk driving. This high-visibility campaign, Drive Sober or Get Pulled Over, is a partnership with the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) to curb impaired driving and save lives.
From Aug. 21 through Sept. 7 (Labor Day), law enforcement partners nationwide will show zero tolerance for drunk driving. Increased state and national messaging about the dangers of driving drunk, coupled with checkpoints and increased officers on the road, aim to drastically reduce the toll of drunk driving.
And what a toll it is. In 2013, there were 10,076 people killed in drunk-driving crashes, almost a third of all traffic fatalities. Thirty-eight percent of crash fatalities on Labor Day weekend that year involved drunk drivers (with blood alcohol concentrations of .08 or higher), amounting to 161 lives lost. And we're not just talking about a little bit of alcohol, either. More than a quarter (27 percent) of the crash fatalities that occurred on Labor Day weekend involved drivers with BACs of .15 or higher — almost twice the illegal limit.
"Too many people think their actions don't affect anybody else," said Monic Farrar, program director of The Resource Training Center in Amherst. "They know it's illegal and they know it's wrong, but they do it anyway. They make decisions as if those statistics just can't happen to them."
The reality is, people aren't invincible. Of the 10,076 people killed in impaired-driving crashes in 2013, 65 percent were the drunk drivers themselves. Those 6,515 drunk drivers planned on making it to their destinations, but they didn't.
In every state, it's illegal to drive with a BAC of .08 or higher, and Farrar wants to remind Western New York drivers that it's not a recommendation — it's the law! And during the enforcement period that started Aug. 21, there will be a special emphasis on drunk-driving enforcement. Local drivers should expect to see more patrol vehicles, DUI checkpoints, and increased messaging about this reckless, preventable crime.
"The number of people who are still drinking and driving is unacceptable," added Farrar. "Yes, we want to increase awareness for the campaign, but we want the effects to be permanent."
NHTSA data shows that repeat offenders are an especially dangerous facet of the drunk-driving problem. In the month of August from 2009-2013, of the drunk drivers involved in fatal crashes, almost one out of 10 (8 percent) had already been convicted of at least one drunk-driving offense.
Farrar also emphasized the preventable nature of drunk driving. "All it takes is a little planning ahead. Designate a sober driver or call a cab. But whatever you do, don't drink and drive."
Located in the Harlem Road Community Center at 4255 Harlem Road, The Resource Training Center offers a wide variety of services, including the New York State Drinking Driver Program for individuals convicted of an alcohol- or drug-related driving violation. For more information, please call 983-2258, email info@wnyresourcetraining.org or visit www.wnyresourcetraining.org. You can also follow The Resource Training Center on Facebook at www.facebook.com/pages/The-Resource-Training-Center/112019195650348 or Twitter (@monica_farrar).
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