text:
Tag Archives: Packard V-1650 Merlin
May 5, 2019 Aviation102-24541, 43-12093, Browning, North American Aviation Inc., North American Aviation P-51B Mustang, P-51B-1-NA, Packard Motor Car Company, Packard V-1650 MerlinBryan Swopes
North American Aviation P-51B-1-NA Mustang 43-12093 (102-24541), the first production P-51B. (NASA Langley Research Center Vintage Photographs Collection)
5 May 1943: First flight of a production North American Aviation P-51B-1-NA Mustang, 43-12093 (NAA serial number 102-24541).
Compare the Merlin-powered P-51B, above, to this Allison-engined P-51A-1-NA Mustang, 43-6008 (99-22111). (NASA)
North American Aviation, Inc., located at Mines Field, Los Angeles, California (now, Los Angeles International Airport, or more commonly, LAX), contracted with the British Purchasing Commission to produce a new fighter designed around the liquid-cooled Allison Engineering Company V-1710-F3R V-12 engine. Just 117 days later, the first prototype, the NA-73X, was completed. The airplane made its first flight on 26 October 1940, with free-lance test pilot Vance Breese. The British ordered 320 fighters for the Royal Air Force, and named it the Mustang Mk.I. Soon after, a second order for 300 airplanes came through. On 23 April 1941, North American test pilot Louis Sanford Wait flew the first production airplane, RAF serial number AG345.
The first production Mustang Mk.I, AG345, first flight, 23 April 1941. (North American Aviation, Inc.)
The Mk.I was 30 miles per hour (48 kilometers per hour) faster than its contemporary, the Curtiss-Wright P-40 Warhawk, though both used the same engine and propeller. Below 15,000 feet (4,572 meters), the Mustang was also 30–35 m.p.h (48–56 kilometers per hour) faster than a Supermarine Spitfire, which had the more powerful Roll-Royce Merlin V-12.
Allison V-1710-39 (F3R) V-12 aircraft engine, right rear quarter view. (Allison)
The Mustang Mk.I was heavily armed with eight machine guns. Two Browning .50-caliber machine guns were positioned under the engine, synchronized to fire forward through the propeller arc. Two more .50s and four .303-caliber Browning Mark II machine guns were installed in the wings.
Two Mustang Mk.Is, the fourth and tenth production airplanes, were turned over to the United States Army Air Corps for testing at Wright Field, Dayton, Ohio. These were designated XP-51 by the Air Corps. Test pilot Robert Creed Chilton took the first XP-51, 41-038 (ex-RAF AG348) for its first flight, 20 May 1941. Both airplanes were also extensively tested by the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) at the Langley Memorial Aeronautical Laboratory, Hampton, Virginia.
North American Aviation XP-51 at Wright Field. (Charles M. Daniels Collection, San Diego Air & Space Museum Archives)
The Air Corps initially ordered the airplane as a dive bomber, designated A-36 Apache. With various changes from the British fighter, on 23 June 1942, the Air Corps ordered 1,200 fighters as the P-51A. Chilton flew the first production P-51A, 43-6003, on 3 February 1943.
In England, tests were made of the Mustang Mk.I with Rolls-Royce Merlin 61 and 65 V-12 engines installed in place of the Allison V-1710. Called the Mustang X, it proved to be a superior fighter, particularly at high altitude. The RAF ordered it as the Mustang Mk.III.
Identical to the Inglewood, California-built North American Aviation P-51B Mustang, this is a Dallas, Texas-built P-51C-1-NT, 42-103023. (North American Aviation, Inc.)
In the United States, the Packard Motor Car Company of Detroit, Michigan, had begun building Merlin engines under license from Rolls-Royce. These American engines were designated V-1650. North American modified two P-51As from the production line to install the Packard V-1650-3. These were designated XP-51B. Testing revealed that the new variant was so good that the Army Air Corps limited its order for P-51As to 310 airplanes and production was changed to the P-51B.
The P-51B and P-51C are virtually identical. The P-51Bs were built by North American Aviation, Inc., at Inglewood, California. P-51Cs were built at North American's Dallas, Texas plant. They were 32 feet, 2.97 inches (9.829 meters) long, with a wingspan of 37 feet, 0.31-inch (11.282 meters) and overall height of 13 feet, 8 inches (4.167 meters) high. The fighter had an empty weight of 6,985 pounds (3,168 kilograms) and a maximum gross weight of 11,800 pounds (5,352 kilograms).
P-51Bs and Cs were powered by a right-hand tractor, liquid-cooled, supercharged, 1,649-cubic-inch-displacement (27.04-liter) Packard V-1650-3 or -7 Merlin single overhead cam (SOHC) 60° V-12 engine which produced 1,380 horsepower at Sea Level, turning 3,000 r.p.m at 60 inches of manifold pressure (V-1650-3) or 1,490 horsepower at Sea Level, turning 3,000 r.p.m. at 61 inches of manifold pressure (V-1650-7). (Military Power rating, 15 minute limit.) These were license-built versions of the Rolls-Royce Merlin 63 and 66. The engine drove a four-bladed Hamilton Standard Hydromatic constant-speed propeller with a diameter of 11 feet, 2 inches (3.404 meters) through a 0.479:1 gear reduction.
A Packard Motor Car Company V-1650-7 Merlin V-12 aircraft engine at the Smithsonian Institution National Air and Space Museum. This engine weighs 1,715 pounds (778 kilograms) and produces 1,490 horsepower at 3,000 r.p.m. Packard built 55,873 of the V-1650 series engines. Continental built another 897. The cost per engine ranged from $12,548 to $17,185. (NASM)
The P-51B/C had a cruise speed of 362 miles per hour (583 kilometers per hour) and the maximum speed was 439 miles per hour (707 kilometers per hour) at 25,000 feet (7,620 meters). The service ceiling was 41,900 feet (12,771 meters). With internal fuel, the combat range was 755 miles (1,215 kilometers).
In U.S. service, armament consisted of four air-cooled Browning AN-M2 .50-caliber machine guns, mounted two in each wing, with 350 rounds per gun for the inboard guns and 280 rounds per gun for the outboard.
1,988 P-51B Mustangs were built at North American's Inglewood, California plant and another 1,750 P-51Cs were produced at Dallas, Texas. This was nearly 23% of the total P-51 production.
North American P-51B Mustang with identification stripes. (U.S. Air Force)
January 27, 2019 Aviation167th Fighter Bomber Squadron, 44-15174, 44-74936, 44-79248, National Museum of the United States Air Force, North American Aviation F-51D Mustang, North American Aviation Inc., North American Aviation P-51D Mustang, Packard Motor Car Company, Packard V-1650 Merlin, Shimmy IV, West Virginia Air National Guard, Wham Bam!Bryan Swopes
The last North American Aviation P-51 Mustangs in squadron service with the United States Air Force were retired from the 167th Fighter Bomber Squadron, West Virginia Air National Guard, 27 January 1957. This airplane, F-51D-25-NA 44-72948, is on display at the WV ANG headquarters, Yeager Regional Airport, Charleston, WV. (U.S. Air Force)
27 January 1957: The last North American Aviation F-51D Mustang fighters in operational service with the United States Air Force were retired from the 167th Fighter Bomber Squadron, West Virginia Air National Guard. The squadron was based at Shepherd Field, Martinsburg, West Virginia (now known as Eastern West Virginia Regional Airport, MRB).
The United Press news service reported:
Aviation Era Ends With Last Official Flight of P51 Mustang
DAYTON, Ohio (UP)— An era in aviation has ended with the last official flight Sunday of a P51 Mustang fighter, pride of American's [sic] World War II air arsenal.
The flight made by a former Canadian Royal Air Force ace, Major James L. Miller in a P51D, also marked the end of propeller-driven fighter planes in the U.S. Air Force.
Miller took off from nearby Wright Field at 1:30 p.m. Sunday and landed at Patterson Field several miles away 45 minutes later.
Henceforth, the Air Force will use nothing but jet-powered fighters.
The ravages of age prevented a battle-worn Mustang from taking part in decommissioning ceremonies at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, so a substitute flight had to be arranged.
The Mustang grounded at Cheyenne, Wyo., for repairs, could not take off as scheduled Friday because of bad weather.
The flight to Kansas City on Saturday and to Wright-Patterson on Sunday, had been scheduled for Lt. Col. Joseph T. Crane, commanding officer of the 167th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron [sic] of the West Virginia National Guard.
A quick switch in plans followed, and the Air Force requisitioned the only other P51 available from an airport at Charleston, W. Va. The plane had been earmarked for a city park there.
—The Daily Republican, Monongahela, Pennsylvania, Vol. 111, No. 174, Monday, 28 January 1957, Page 3, Columns 5–6
"Wham Bam!", the last Mustang in U.S. Air Force service, North American Aviation F-51D-25 NA 44-72948. ("wwiiafterwwii")
44-72948 had just completed repairs at Cheyenne, Wyoming, and was returned to Charleston by the 167th's commanding officer, Lieutenant Colonel Joseph T. Crane, Jr.
44-72948 (North American Aviation serial number 122-39407) had been delivered to the U.S. Army Air Corps at Mitchel Field, Long Island, New York, in February 1945, but with the war drawing to a close in Europe, the Mustang never flew in combat. According to contemporary newspaper reports, during its career -948 was assigned to sixteen different Air Corps/Air Force units. It underwent nine engine changes and flew a total of 1,555 hours during nearly 12 years of service.
North American Aviation F-51D-25-NA Mustang 44-73574, 122-40033, 167th Fighter Bomber Squadron, West Virginia Air National Guard. (U.S. Air Force)
The airplane in the photographs below, North American Aviation F-51D-30-NA 44-74936, was was flown from Charleston to Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio, by Major James Miller. It was transferred to the United States Air Force Museum (renamed National Museum of the United States Air Force in 2004) where it is on display. The fighter is painted with the markings of another Mustang, P-51D-15-NA, 44-15174, Shimmy IV, of the 325th Fighter Group, Fifteenth Air Force, which served in North Africa and Italy during World War II.
On 2 June 1944, the actual Shimmy IV, flown by Colonel Chester L. Sluder, commanding officer of the 325th Fighter Group, led the fighter escorts for the first Fifteenth Air Force "shuttle bombing" mission to attack a railroad mashaling yard at Deprecan, Hungary, before flying on to land at Piriatyn, Ukraine. The name "Shimmy" was from the name of Colonel Sluder's daughter, Shari, and the nickname of his wife, "Zimmy," formerly Miss Louise Zimmerman.
On 9 December 1944, 44-15174 was flown by Lieutenant Norval W. Weers, 318th Fighter Squadron, when it ran low on fuel because of adverse weather. Weers crash-landed south of the Neusiedler See, Austria. He was captured and held as a prisoner of war at Stalag Luft I.
North American Aviation P-51D-5-NA 44-13366 on a test flight near the North American plant at Inglewood, California.
The P-51D was the predominant version of the North American Aviation single-place, single-engine, fighter, The P-51D was 32 feet, 3.5 inches (9.843 meters) long, with a wingspan of 37 feet (11.278 meters). It was 13 feet, 4.5 inches (4.077 meters) high. The fighter had an empty weight of 7,635 pounds (3,463 kilograms) and a maximum takeoff weight of 12,100 pounds (5,489 kilograms).
Like the P-51B and C variants, the P-51D was powered by a right-hand tractor, liquid-cooled, supercharged, 1,649-cubic-inch-displacement (27.04-liter) Packard V-1650-3 or -7 Merlin single overhead cam (SOHC) 60° V-12 engine which produced 1,380 horsepower at Sea Level, turning 3,000 r.p.m at 60 inches of manifold pressure (V-1650-3) or 1,490 horsepower at Sea Level, turning 3,000 r.p.m. at 61 inches of manifold pressure (V-1650-7). (Military Power rating, 15 minute limit.) These engines were versions of the Rolls-Royce Merlin 63 and 66, built under license by the Packard Motor Car Company of Detroit, Michigan. The engine drove a four-bladed Hamilton Standard Hydromatic constant-speed propeller with a diameter of 11 feet, 2 inches (3.404 meters) through a 0.479:1 gear reduction.
The P-51D with a V-1650-7 Merlin had maximum speed at Sea Level of 323 miles per hour (520 kilometers per hour) at the Normal Power setting of 2,700 r.p.m. and 46 inches of manifold pressure, and 375 miles per hour (604 kilometers per hour) at War Emergency Power, 3,000 r.p.m with 67 inches of manifold pressure (5 minute limit). At altitude, using the Military Power setting of 3,000 r.p.m. and 61 inches of manifold pressure (15 minute limit), it had a maximum speed of 439 miles per hour (707 kilometers per hour) at 28,000 feet (8,534 meters). With War Emergency Power the P-51D could reach 442 miles per hour (711 kilometers per hour) at 26,000 feet (7,925 meters).
The P-51D could climb to 20,000 feet (6,096 meters) in 6.4 minutes, and to its service ceiling, 41,600 feet (12,680 meters), in 28 minutes. The airplane's absolute ceiling was 42,400 feet (12,924 meters).
With 180 gallons (681 liters) internal fuel, the maximum range of the P-51D was 1,108 miles (1,783 kilometers).
Armorers carry six Browning AN-M2 .50-caliber machine guns and belts of linked ammunition to a parked P-51 Mustang. (U.S. Air Force)
The P-51D was armed with six Browning AN-M2 .50-caliber machine guns, with three mounted in each wing. 400 rounds of ammunition were provided for the inner pair of guns, and 270 rounds for each of the outer two pairs of guns, for a total of 1,880 rounds. This was armor piercing, incendiary and tracer ammunition. The fighter could also carry a 1,000 pound (453.6 kilogram) bomb under each wing, in place of drop tanks, or up to ten rockets.
North American Aviation, Inc., produced a total of total of 8,156 P-51D Mustangs at Inglewood, California and Dallas, Texas. Another 200 were built by the Commonwealth Aircraft Corporation in Australia.
North American Aviation P-51D-30-NA Mustang, 44-74936, marked as P-51D-15-NA 44-15174, "Shimmy IV," is in the collection of the National Museum of the United States Air Force. (U.S. Air Force)
Left profile, North American Aviation P-51D-30-NA 44-74936, marked as "Shimmy IV,' of the 325th Fighter Group, Fifteenth Air Force, at the National Museum of the United States Air Force. (U.S. Air Force)
© 2019 Bryan R. Swopes
Jackie Cochran's North American Aviation, Inc., P-51 Mustang racers, NX28388, NX4845N and NX5528N
January 1, 2019 AviationBeguine, Jackie Cochran, Jimmy Stewart, North American Aviation P-51B Mustang, North American Aviation P-51C Mustang, NX28388, NX4845N, NX5528N, Packard V-1650 Merlin, Thunderbird, World Record for Speed Over a 1000 Kilometer Course, World Record for Speed Over a 3km Straight Course, World Record for Speed Over a Closed Circuit of 100 Kilometers, World Record for Speed Over a Closed Circuit of 2000 Kilometers, World Record for Speed Over a Closed Circuit of 500 Kilometers Without PayloadBryan Swopes
Jackie Cochran and her P-51B Mustang, NX28388. She flew this airplane in two transcontinental Bendix Trophy Races and set four world and national speed records. (Unattributed)
In the years following World War II, Jacqueline Cochran, WASP organizer and instructor, test pilot, racer, record-setter, adviser to generals and presidents, owned three North American Aviation, Inc., P-51 Mustang fighters which had been modified for racing.
I. P-51B-15-NA 104-25789, 43-24760, NX28388, 1946–1948
Jackie Cochran's North American Aviation P-51B-15-NA Mustang, 43-24760, registered NX28388, on the flight line at the Cleveland National Air Races, 1948. (San Diego Air & Space Museum Archives)
[Note: NX28388 should not be confused with NC28388, which was a Douglas DC-3 twin-engine airliner, registered to the Douglas Aircraft Company, Inc., 1 October 1940.]
Jackie's first Mustang was a P-51B-15-NA, U.S. Army Air Corps serial number 43-24760, with a civil experimental registration, NX28388. It was raced in the Bendix Trophy Race three times. Jackie also used it to set four world speed records over distances from 3 to 2,000 kilometers. NX28388 was painted "Lucky Strike Green" and carried the white race number 13 on each side of its fuselage.
43-24760 was manufactured at North American Aviation's Inglewood, California, plant, completed on 14 March 1944. It was a Model NA-104 P-51B Mustang with manufacturer's serial number 104-25789, one of 1,588 Mustangs contracted by the U.S. Army Air Corps on 20 October 1942. Its service history is not known, but the fighters built just before and after, 43-24759 and 43-24761, were flown by the 361st Fighter Group from bases in England. Both were lost in combat during the summer of 1944.
After the end of World War II, 43-24760, identified as a TP-51B, was sold back to North American Aviation, Inc., by the War Assets Administration. North American paid "$3,500.00, cash in hand" at Denver, Colorado, 24 May 1946.
Jackie Cochran's green North American Aviation P-51B-15-NA Mustang, NX28388. (FAI)
Jackie Cochran bought 43-24760, now registered NX28388, from North American Aviation on 6 August 1946, for "ten dollars plus other consideration." The Bill of Sale identifies the Mustang as a P-51B-15-NA, manufacturer's serial number 25789. Its engine was a Packard V-1650-7, serial number V332415, a license-built version of the Rolls-Royce Merlin V-12.
NX28388 was inspected for an initial Airworthiness Certificate, 7 August 1946. It was required to be marked "EXPERIMENTAL" and limited to "INSTRUMENT DAY FLIGHT – For Racing and exhibition flight only." This initial airworthiness certificate was valid for six months.
On 26 August 1946, the Civil Aviation Administration issued a certificate of ownership to Jacqueline Cochran, "dba Jacqueline Cochran Cosmetics" at her company's Newark, New Jersey address. [Note: "dba" is an abbreviation for "doing business as"]
On 31 August 1946, Cochran flew NX28388 in the Bendix Air Race from Metropolitan Airport, Van Nuys, California, to Cleveland Municipal Airport, Cleveland, Ohio. Other long distance air racers had their wings modified to hold more fuel, but there hadn't been time to modify NX28388. For this race, it carried two drop tanks manufactured for the Lockheed P-38 Lightning. Cochran placed 2nd to race winner Paul Mantz and his red P-51C NX1202, Blaze of Noon, who had finished with a time of 4:34:14 at an average speed of 435.501 miles per hour (700.871 kilometers per hour). Jackie's elapsed time was 4:52:00, averaging 420.92 miles per hour (677.41 kilometers per hour). Mantz won the $10,000 prize for first place, and Jackie won a $5,500 prize.
The airplane received its next airworthiness inspection 19 August 1947. The report was signed by Louis S. Wait, Agent. Wait was the Administrative Test Pilot for North American Aviation, Inc. (Wait had made the first flight of AG345, the very first production Mustang Mk.I, on 23 April 1941.)
North American Aviation P-51B-15-NA Mustang NX28388, #13, with P-38 drop tanks, at Metropolitan Airport, Van Nuys, California, August 1946. Left profile. Color. (Unattributed)
Cochran had entered the 1947 Bendix Trophy Race scheduled for 31 August, but her husband, Floyd Bostwick Odlum, became seriously ill. Jackie asked pilot Bruce Gimbel to fly her airplane. During the race, a problem with the propeller governor limited his speed. Gimbel finished in 4th place with an average speed of 404.080 miles per hour (650.304 kilometers per hour) and elapsed time of 5:04:10. (Paul Mantz won the race, again, winning the $10,000 prize.)
Jackie Cochran in the cockpit of her green North American Aviation P-51B Mustang racer, NX28388, at Cleveland Municipal Airport. (National Air and Space Museum)
On 10 December 1947, Jackie flew NX28388 to set a Fédération Aéronautique Internationale (FAI) World Record for Speed Over a Closed Circuit of 100 Kilometers at Coachella, California, with an average speed of 755.668 kilometers per hour (469.549 miles per hour).
National Aeronautic Association Certificate of Record in the San Diego Air and Space Museum Archive. (Bryan R. Swopes)
A week later, 17 December 1947, she flew her green Mustang to an FAI World Record for Speed Over a 3 Kilometer Straight Course, with an average speed of 663.054 kilometers per hour (412.002 miles per hour). The flight at Thermal, California, was flown at Sea Level.
On 22 May 1948, again flying NX28388, Cochran set a Fédération Aéronautique Internationale and a U.S. National Aeronautic Association Record for Speed Over a Closed Circuit of 2,000 Kilometers Without Payload with an average speed of 447.470 miles per hour (720.134 kilometers per hour) over a 1,242.7 mile course from Palm Springs, California to a point near Santa Fe, New Mexico, and return. Famed female aviator Katherine Stinson was the chief judge at the pylon turn west of Santa Fe. Jackie broke the previous record, 708.592 kilometers per hour (440.299 miles per hour), which had been set by Lieutenant John J. Hancock, U.S. Air Force, with a Lockheed P-80 Shooting Star jet fighter, two years earlier. (FAI Record File # 8941)
In an interview, Jackie said, "Last Saturday's flight was for blood. I bought this P-51 two years ago and ever since have been fixing it up for the one objective of beating the Army's jet 2,000 kilometer speed record. The Bendix Race and other flights were just incidental. I knew that I couldn't beat the 1,000 kilometer jet record today, and I also new that I could establish a new record for planes powered with reciprocating engines, so I made things slightly easier on the engine and myself in today's flight. But even so, considering the double climb that I had to make at the check point to be seen and timed by the judges, it would have been impossible over this shorter distance to equal the 448 miles per hour flown last Saturday."
— WASP NEWSLETTER, July 1948, Volume V, Number Two, at Page 2.
Two days later, 24 May 1948, Jackie set another world and national record of 431.094 miles per hour (693.780 kilometers per hour) over a 1,000 kilometer (621.371 miles) closed circuit from Palm Springs to Flagstaff, Arizona, and return. This record broke her own record which she had set 6 April 1940, flying a Republic AP-7.
On 19 August 1948, NX28388 received another airworthiness inspection. The report was signed by J.E. Smith, Agent.
Jackie once again flew NX28388 in the 1948 Bendix Air Race from Long Beach, California, to Cleveland, Ohio. She placed third with an average speed of 445.847 miles per hour and an elapsed time of 4:35:07.3. Paul Mantz and Blaze of Noon won the race for a third consecutive time. Linton Carney, also flying a P-51C, took second place. Cochran's P-51B finished just 1 minute, 19 seconds behind Mantz.
Following the 1948 race, Cochran asked a friend and Lockheed test pilot, Sampson Held of North Hollywood, California, to fly her P-51 racer back to California, but,
". . . my plane crashed, carrying my associate, Sam Held, with it to his death."
— The Stars At Noon, by Jacqueline Cochran, Little, Brown and Company, Boston, 1954, Chapter IV at Page 79.
NX28388 crashed six miles south of Sayre, Oklahoma, 8 September 1948, killing the pilot, Sampson Held. Two witnesses saw a wing come off of the Mustang, followed by an explosion.
II. P-51C-5-NT 103-26311, 42-103757, Beguine, NX4845N, 1949
Beguine, a radically-modified North American Aviation P-51C Mustang, NX4845N. (Torino Dave)
North American Aviation P-51C-5-NT 42-103757 was one of a group of 1,350 Mustangs contracted by the U.S. Army Air Corps in August 1942. It was built at North American's Dallas, Texas, plant, 25 April 1944. Its North American contract number was 103-26311. The fighter's military service history is not known.
Immediately after the close of World War II, 6 October 1945, 42-103757 was transferred to the Reconstruction Finance Corporation (a Depression-era agency of the United States government) at Searcy Field (SWO), Stillwater, Oklahoma. On 19 February 1946, it was included in a group of 475 war surplus airplanes, including heavy and medium bombers and fighters, purchased by aviator Paul Mantz of Burbank, California. On the same day, Mantz resold 464 of these airplanes to a partnership of himself, J.W. Heath and L.P Hapgood, for $70,000. 42-103757 was one of 6 North American P-51Cs in this second group.
Mantz, Heath & Hapgood sold 42-103757 to Frank J. Abel, 3101 Sherwood Lane, Wichita Falls, Texas, for $1,500.00 on 21 July 1947. Abel registered the airplane with the Civil Aeronautics Administration and it was assigned registration number NX4845N.
Modified air racer Beguine, NX4845N, under tow.
On 10 July 1948, Frank Abel sold the P-51 to J.D. Reed Co., Inc., an aircraft sales dealership at Hangar 8, Municipal Airport, Houston, Texas, now known as William P. Hobby Airport (HOU). The Bill of Sale reported the purchase price as "one dollar and other consideration." J.D. Reed Co., Inc., applied to the C.A.A. for registration of 42-103757 on the same date. However, a new C.A.A. Certificate of Registration was issued to Abel on 12 July 1948.
An annual airworthiness inspection of 42-103757 was completed by Paul E. Penrose, Pilot-Engineer, 20 August 1948, for the J.D. Reed Co., Inc. The report indicates that the P-51C was equipped with a Packard V-1650-9. This engine was rated at 1,380 horsepower at 3,000 r.p.m. The Airworthiness Certificate was approved in the Experimental category by C.A.A. Inspector Homer L. Stamets, 29 August 1948, and appropriate limitations were assigned.
A rare color photograph of Jackie Cochran's highly modified North American P-51C racer, NX4845N (42-103757) after its modifications appeared in the Cleveland Plain Dealer newspaper, attributed to Aaron King. The racer is dark green with gold trim.
During 1948–1949, 42-103757 was radically modified as an Unlimited Class air racer. The lower portion of the P-51's fuselage was removed and faired over. The radiator and engine oil cooler which had been enclosed in the Mustang's characteristic belly scoop were relocated to the wingtips. (The Air Force had experimented with a ramjet-powered P-51D, 44-63528. A Marquardt XRJ-30-MA ramjet was placed on each wingtip. The cooling pods on 42-103757 resemble these, though another source says that the cooling pods were made from modified FJ-1 Fury fuel tanks.) No reports of these modifications are found in the airplane's records with the Federal Aviation Administration, however.
The airplane was named Beguine after a popular song of the time performed by Artie Shaw, Cole Porter's "Begin the Beguine." It was painted dark blue and the music from the song was painted in gold along the Mustang's fuselage, with the race number 7.
The next annual inspection was completed 12 August 1949 by (H.C. Danaher?), Mechanic. The airworthiness certificate was approved by C.A.A. Inspector Ray K. Beckleman.
Right rear quarter view of the modified Mustang air racer, Beguine. (Unattributed)
I bought a Bequine (sp) racing plane in 1949 on the insistence of Bill Odom, a young pilot, who wanted to use it in the Thompson Trophy pylon race in Cleveland. He agreed to take the old number off . . . and paint the lucky 13 in its place. Two days before the race he called me long distance to say that the plane's paint job was so beautiful that it would be a shame to ruin it repainting a number 13.
— Jackie Cochran: An Autobiography, by Jacqueline Cochran and Maryann Bucknum Brinley, Bantam Books, New York, 1987, at Page 157.
For the 1949 National Air Races, Jackie Cochran bought Beguine for pilot William P. Odom to fly in the Sohio Trophy Race and the Thompson Trophy Race, both pylon races flown over a 15 mile, seven-turn course near the Cleveland Municipal Airport at Cleveland, Ohio
William Paul Odom in the cockpit of the radically-modified P-51C air racer Beguine at the Cleveland National Air Races, 3 September 1949. (NASM)
Odom had not flown in a pylon race before, but had gained fame for a number of record flights, including a 78 hour, 55 minute, 6 second around-the-world flight with co-pilot and navigator T. Carroll Sallee in a Douglas A-26 Invader, Reynolds Bombshell, 12–16 April 1947. Jackie also planned to fly Beguine herself in the 1950 Bendix Trophy Race.
Cochran purchased NX4845N from J.D. Reed Co., Inc., for "$10.00 & Other Valuable Considerations" on 22 August 1949. She submitted an Application for Registration to the Civil Aeronautics Administration, but it does not appear that a new Certificate of Registration was ever issued.
Jackie Cochran and William P. Odom with the Sohio Race trophy. (Unattributed)
Bill Odom won the 105-mile (167 kilometer) Sohio Trophy Race with an average speed of 388.393 miles per hour (625.058 kilometers per hour).
The Thompson Trophy Race on 5 September 1949 was different. Odom had qualified Beguine with a speed 405.565 miles per hour (652.694 kilometers per hour).
At the start of the Thompson race, Odom quickly took the lead. But on the second lap, things went wrong. As it approached Pylon 4, Beguine rolled upside down and then crashed into a house near the airport, setting it on fire.
Air racer Steven Calhoun Beville, flying P-51D Mustang # 77 in the Thompson Race, the closest pilot to Beguine, said that Odom had cut inside Pylon No. 3 and was correcting toward Pylon 4 when the airplane rolled inverted.
[Beville's Mustang, The Galloping Ghost, NX79111, is the same airplane involved in the catastrophic crash at the National Championship Air Races, Reno, Nevada, 16 September 2011.]
Newspapers reported the crash:
Beville, who finished third in the race, was the closest to Odom when he got in trouble.
"Bill was out too far on the third pylon," Beville said, "and was trying to correct position too quickly. He turned over in the air and flew along on his back for a short distance, then dived right into a house."
—The San Bernardino Daily Sun, Vol. LVI, No. 5, Tuesday, 6 September 1949, at Page 2, Column 7
The Laird home at 429 West Street, Berea, Ohio, burns after the unlimited-class racer Beguine crashed into it, 5 September 1949. (Cleveland Plain Dealer)
In her autobiography, Jackie Cochran wrote, I was in the judges' stand handling telephone reports from the back of the stands' pylons when the flash came through that Bill had crashed. I jumped into a helicopter that was just in front of me on the field and went out to the spot of the accident hoping that something could be done. I found the house on fire, with Bill and the plane, as well as some of the occupants, buried in the wreckage. Some news photographer snapped a picture of me standing there close by. I am in that picture the personification of abject desolation. For three days I stayed in Cleveland doing all that I could to honor Bill Odom's memory.
— The Stars At Noon, by Jacqueline Cochran, Little, Brown and Company, Boston, 1954, Chapter V at Page 96.
"The house" was a brand new single-family home, located at 429 West Street, Berea, Ohio. The owners, Mr. and Mrs. Bradley C. Laird, had moved in just four days earlier, along with their 5-year-old son, David. Their 13-month-old, Craig, had remained with Mrs. Laird's parents, but her father, Benjamin J. Hoffman, had brought him to the house in Berea two days earlier.
Jeanne Laird was inside the house when Beguine crashed. She was killed instantly. Mr. Laird, Mr. Hoffman and David were outside watching the airplanes fly overhead, and Craig was in a playpen in the driveway. When the house exploded in flames, Mr. Hoffman rescued Craig, suffering severe burns in doing so. The infant was critically burned, and though Mr. Hoffman drove him to Berea Community Hospital, Craig Hamilton Laird died several hours later.
Bill Odom's body was so badly burned that it could only be identified by his wristwatch.
"This is a terrible blow to aviation everywhere," said Jacqueline Cochran, owner of the plane Odom was flying, when she got to the Laird home minutes after the accident. "My heart goes out to the innocent sufferers whose home this was."
—Chicago Tribune, Vol. CVII–No. 214, Wednesday, 7 September 1949, at Page 1, Column 6.
III. P-51C 2925, NX5528N, THUNDERBIRD, 1949–1953
Left profile drawing of Thunderbird, Jackie Cochran's Unlimited Class North American Aviation P-51C Mustang, N5528N. (Image courtesy of Tim Bradley, © 2014)
Having lost her first two Mustangs in tragic accidents, on 19 December 1949 Jackie Cochran bought another P-51 Mustang racer—the 1949 Bendix Trophy Race winner, Thunderbird—from the Academy Award-winning actor and World War II B-24 wing commander, James M. Stewart.
The earliest document in Thunderbird's Civil Aviation Administration file, Form ACA 132, contains the hand-written notation, "no service no." The document states, "THIS AIRCRAFT WAS ASSEMBLED FROM COMPONENTS OF OTHER AIRCRAFT OF THE SAME TYPE." The aircraft is designated on the form as a North American P-51C, Serial No. 2925.
Jackie Cochran's cobalt blue North American Aviation P-51C Mustang, N5528N. (FAI)
Thunderbird, made up of salvaged parts, has no known Army Air Corps serial number. No North American Aviation contract number is listed in any document. It has no known history prior to the C.A.A. assigning it the civil registration NX5528N. The serial number 2925 does not conform to any U.S. Army Air Corps serial number sequence for P-51 series aircraft, nor does it conform to any N.A.A. contract number sequence for P-51s. It appears that this serial number was assigned to the P-51 by the Civil Aeronautics Administration.
Various sources attribute U.S.A.A.C. serial numbers to NX5528N, e.g., "43-6822" and "43-6859." There is nothing in the airplane's C.A.A. records to substantiate these claims. The record specifically states that there is "no service no." Some sources also describe Thunderbird as a P-51B or an F-6C photo reconnaissance variant. C.A.A. records specifically identify the airplane as a P-51C.
Thunderbird's fuselage was purchased as "salvage & scrap" from the 803rd A.A.F. Specialized Depot, Park Ridge, Illinois, by Allied Aircraft Co., Chicago, Illinois. The transaction is dated 14 January 194_ (the year was left blank on the contract). The purchase price was $27.05. Allied Aircraft Co. was a partnership of Leland H. Cameron and Martha L. Cameron, 5300 W. 63rd Street, Chicago, Illinois.
On 11 February 1948, Cameron purchased a P-51, Serial No. 2925, registration N5528N, from J. Quaine, for $1.00. On 5 April 1948, the Civil Aeronautics Authority (predecessor to the Federal Aviation Administration) registered N5528N to L.H. Cameron, 4619 Sancola Avenue, North Hollywood, California.
Two days later, 7 April 1948, Leland Cameron sold N5528N to Joe De Bona Racing Co., 133 N. Robertson Boulevard, Beverly Hills, California. The purchase price listed on the Department of Commerce Bill of Sale was $10.00. On that date, Joe De Bona applied to have the airplane registered in the name of his racing company.
Joe C. De Bona in the cockpit of N5528N. (San Diego Air and Space Museum Archive)
Interestingly, on De Bona's Department of Commerce Application for Registration, the serial number of N5528N is listed as "21925." Information on the application is typewritten with the exception of this serial number, which was handwritten. As above, 21925 does not conform to any Army Air Corps or North American Aviation serial number for P-51B or P-51C Mustangs. This is the only instance in which 21925 appears in the airplane's C.A.A. records.
Joe De Bona and James M. Stewart with Thunderbird, a North American Aviation P-51C Mustang, N5528N, April 1949. (Allan Grant/LIFE Magazine)
The Civil Aeronautics Administration registered N5528N to Joe De Bona Racing Co., 15 April 1948. Joe C. De Bona was an experienced air racer. The company was a partnership between De Bona and James M. (Jimmy) Stewart.
Over the next several months, N5528N, now named Thunderbird, was prepared for the upcoming 1948 Bendix Trophy Race. Unnecessary equipment such as the self-sealing fuel cells, the fuselage fuel tank, etc., were removed to save weight. The airframe seams were filled with putty and sanded smooth. Many coats of primer were applied followed by the the high-gloss "cobalt blue" paint. Gold decorative trim was applied. Thunderbird's airworthiness category, EXPERIMENTAL, was painted under the canopy rail on each side. Sponsors' logos and crew member's names were painted on the left side of the fuselage beneath the canopy. (The significance of the anvil logo with the numbers "1853" is not known.) The rudder was painted in a checkerboard pattern and the race number 90 applied to both sides of the fuselage. The registration was painted vertically on the fin, the top of the right wing and the bottom of the left wing.
Joe De Bona and Jimmy Stewart with Thunderbird, their P-51C Mustang racer, April 1949. Placed on the ramp in front of the airplane is equipment that has been removed or replaced. Note the four "cuffed" Hamilton Standard propeller blades along the right side of the photograph. They have been replaced with un-cuffed and polished Hamilton Standard "paddle" blades. (Allan Grant/LIFE Magazine)
On 31 August 1948, following an airworthiness inspection, C.A.A. Inspector Homer L. Stamets issued an original Airworthiness Certificate to NX5528N. The "Experimental" classification was used as there was no civil Type Certificate for North American's P-51 fighters, and the C.A.A. had not tested or accepted the aircraft for any civilian use. The Experimental classification placed severe restrictions on De Bona's use of Thunderbird. In the Operations Authorized section of the certificate it states, "Certificated for the purpose of Racing and Exhibition flights only; flights limited to the Continental limits of the UNITED STATES. Flights prohibited over thickly populated areas or large gatherings of people." The certificate was valid for one year.
Noted on the Airworthiness Inspection form is that NX5528N was equipped with a Packard V-1650-3 engine. This license-built version of the Rolls-Royce Merlin 63 engine was standard equipment for early production P-51B and P-51C Mustangs. It was rated at 1,380 horsepower at 3,000 r.p.m. and 60 inches of manifold pressure.
The start of the 1948 Bendix Trophy Race took place on 4 September at Van Nuys, California. Joe De Bona was entered with Thunderbird, but was unable to complete the race. Reportedly low on fuel, he landed at Norwalk, Ohio. (As noted above, Jackie Cochran placed 3rd in this race flying NX28388.)
Joe De Bona polishes his cobalt blue North American P-51C Mustang NX5528N, "Thunderbird," with Paul Mantz approaching, April 1949. Mantz's pale green P-51C NX1204, "Latin American," is in the background. (Allan Grant/LIFE Magazine)
For 1949 Thunderbird's engine was upgraded to a Packard V-1650-7. C.A.A. Inspector Stamets again approved its airworthiness inspection and issued another one-year Experimental certificate with same restrictions as previously.
Test pilot Herman "Fish" Salmon awaits the starter's signal at the beginning of the 1949 Bendix Trophy Race on Rosamond Dry Lake. Paul Mantz had won the previous three years with this P-51C, NX1202, Blaze of Noon. Renamed Excalibur III, this airplane was flown across the North Pole by Charles Blair, and is on display at the Smithsonian Institution National Air and Space Museum. (San Diego Air and Space Museum Archive)
1949 race winner Joe De Bona with the Bendix Trophy. De Bona flew Thunderbird in the 1948 and 1949 air races. (Unattributed)
The start of the 1949 Bendix Trophy Race was relocated from Metropolitan Airport at Van Nuys to Rosamond Dry Lake, 40 miles (64.4 kilometers) north of Muroc Air Force Base (renamed Edwards AFB just two months later). This year Joe De Bona was successful. He won the 2,008 mile (3,231.6 kilometers) race to Cleveland, Ohio in an elapsed time of 4:16:17.5, averaging 470.136 miles per hour (756.611 kilometers per hour.) Paul Mantz did not fly in the race but entered two P-51Cs, flown by Stanley H. Reaver and Herman "Fish" Salmon, who placed 2nd and 3rd.
(Leland Cameron, who had sold N5528N to Joe De Bona Racing, also competed in the 1949 Bendix air race. He flew a Martin B-26C-20-MO Marauder medium bomber, serial number 41-35071, N5546N, but he did not finish within the prescribed time limit.)
On 19 December 1949, James Stewart (Sole Owner, for Joe De Bona Racing Co.) sold N5528N to Jacqueline Cochran of Indio, California, for "$1.00 and other consideration." The C.A.A. issued a new Certificate of Registration to Jackie on 29 December 1949.
Jackie Cochran with her cobalt blue North American Aviation P-51C Mustang, N5528N, circa 1949. She set three world speed records with this airplane. (FAI)
That same day Jackie Cochran flew her new airplane, Thunderbird, to two Fédération Aéronautique Internationale (FAI) World Records for Speed Over a 500 kilometer Closed Circuit Without Payload, and a U.S. National Aeronautic Association record, with an average speed of 703.275 kilometers per hour (436.995 miles per hour). (FAI Record File Numbers 4476, 12323)
Jackie Cochran's record-setting North American Aviation P-51C Mustang N5528N, Thunderbird. (San Diego Air and Space Museum Archive)
North American Aviation P-51C Mustang N5528N, Thunderbird. The dark blue airplane is carrying Joe De Bona's race number, 90, on the wings and fuselage. (San Diego Air and Space Museum Archive)
Thunderbird underwent another airworthiness inspection, completed 10 November 1950 by Patrick J. Kavanaugh, A&E 402226. C.A.A. Inspector H.W. Kattleman issued a new Experimental airworthiness certificate, valid from 10 November 1950 to 10 November 1951. The limitations were identical to the restrictions described above.
Jackie set another Fédération Aéronautique Internationale record on 9 April 1951, flying NX5528N to an average speed of 747.338 kilometers per hour (464.374 miles per hour) over a straight 16 kilometer (9.942 miles) course at Indio, California. (FAI Record File Number 4477)
Thunderbird, Jackie Cochran's North American P-51C Mustang, NX5528N, circa 1951. (FAI)
The next airworthiness inspection of N5528N was completed 26 March 1952 by mechanic James N. Smith. Once again, C.A.A. Inspector H.W. Kattleman issued an Experimental airworthiness certificate, valid from 31 March 1952 to 31 March 1953.
Jackie Cochran had owned Thunderbird for just over three years when, on 20 January 1953, she sold it back to Jimmy Stewart for "$1.00 and other consideration." The C.A.A. registered N5528N to Stewart at 141 El Camino Drive, Beverly Hills, California, 9 April 1953.
Thunderbird received another engine upgrade, this time to a Packard V-1650-9, serial number V381230. (This engine was rated at 1,380 horsepower at 3,000 r.p.m., but could produce a maximum 2,280 horsepower with water-alcohol injection.) The next airworthiness inspection was completed 31 March 1953 by a mechanic with certificate number M-17807. At the time of this inspection, N5528N had accumulated 76:00 hours total flight time (TTAF). The V-1650-9 engine had only 14:10 hours since new. C.A.A. Aviation Safety Agent Ralph C. Olsen approved the next airworthiness certificate.
On 30 March 1954, another airworthiness inspection was completed by the same mechanic as the 1953 periodic inspection. Once again, the airworthiness certificate was approved by Ralph Olsen. Total flight time for N5528N was now 118:00 hours, with 42:50 on the Merlin engine.
At about this time, N5528N was repainted in a yellow and black scheme, and renamed Mr. Alex in honor of Jimmy Stewart's father, Alexander Maitland Stewart.
Jimmy Stewart crouches on Mr. Alex's wing, while Joe De Bona occupies the cockpit, 16 March 1954, prior to a non-stop transcontinental speed record attempt. Stewart is not wearing shoes so as to avoid scuffing the smooth surface of the wing. (Los Angeles Examiner Negatives Collection, 1950-1961/Doheny Memorial Library, University of Southern California)
A major event of 1953 was the Coronation of Elizabeth II on 2 June. American television networks CBS and NBC had arranged to have films of the ceremonies flown across the Atlantic to Newfoundland. From there the film would be flown on to the United States by Jimmy Stewart's P-51 and another owned by Paul Mantz, NX1204, flown by Stanley Reaver.
Jimmy Stewart's P-51C N5528N, in the "Mr. Alex" paint scheme, 1953. (Unattributed)
Jimmy Stewart asked the C.A.A. to temporarily remove the limitations on NX5528N's airworthiness certificate so that it could be flown out of the United States to pick up the films at Newfoundland and return with them to Boston, Massachusetts. C.A.A. Aviation Safety Agent Ralph C. Olsen approved this request. A second flight to Montreal, Canada was also authorized. The restrictions would resume when the Experimental category Mustang returned to the United States after the Montreal trip.
Joe De Bona was once again in the cockpit of N5528N. He arrived at Boston 24 minutes before his rival, Stan Reaver, but a third network, ABC, was actually the first to broadcast the films of the Coronation.
On 1 September 1954, Jimmy Stewart sold N5528N to Joe De Bona for $1.00 plus a $7,500.00 Chattel Mortgage. On 14 March 1954, the C.A.A. registered the airplane, which they now designated as a North American F-51C, to De Bona at 339 North Beverly Drive, Beverly Hills, California.
An airworthiness inspection was completed 17 March 1955. The mechanic performing the inspection held certificate number M7427. The V-1650-9 had been removed and replaced with a Packard V-1650-300, serial number V350012. This post-war commercial engine was rated at 1,660 horsepower at 3,000 r.p.m. The airframe now had 150:00 hours TTAF, and the new engine had 30:00 hours.
The following day, 18 March 1955, Joe De Bona sold N5528N to James M. Cook of Jacksboro, Texas, for $18,000 plus a $7,000 Chattel Mortgage at 4% interest, payable on or before 1 January 1956. The C.A.A. issued a Certificate of Registration to Cook on 31 March 1955.
On 22 June 1955, North American Aviation P-51C Mustang NX5528N crashed near Scott's Bluff, Nebraska, while being flown by James Cook. Although an official cause is not available, anecdotally, one of the P-51's main landing gear failed to retract and Cook bailed out. Although an accident report was completed 13 July 1955, the Federal Aviation Administration currently has no report in its files, nor does the National Transportation Safety Board. The Mustang was deregistered 15 August 1955. (James Cook soon bought another Mustang, P-51D N71L, which he flew for several years as part of the U.S. Weather Bureau's Thunderstorm Research Airplane Project.)
Warren A. Piestch of Pietsch Aircraft Restoration and Repair, Inc., Minot, North Dakota, purchased a tail wheel assembly and other parts from a wrecked P-51 located in Nebraska, 23 June 1999. He wrote to the F.A.A. and stated that these parts were from P-51 serial number 2925, and that he wanted to rebuild the aircraft. Pietsch requested that ownership of 2925 be assigned to him and that a registration N-number that he had previously reserved, N151LP, be assigned to the airplane. The F.A.A. did as Pietsch requested. This registration was valid until 30 April 2015. The status of Mr. Pietsch's restoration is not known, and how much of the original Thunderbird he has salvaged, if any, is also not known.
IV. NORTH AMERICAN AVIATION, INC., P-51B and P-51C MUSTANG FIGHTERS
The North American Aviation P-51 Mustang is a single-place, single-engine long range fighter. It is a low-wing monoplane with retractable landing gear and is of all-metal construction. The fighter is powered by a liquid-cooled V-12 engine. It was originally produced for the United Kingdom's Royal Air Force as the Mustang Mk.I. Two examples were provided to the U.S. Army Air Corps, designated XP-51. This resulted in orders for the P-51A and A-36 Apache dive bomber variant. These early Mustangs were powered by the Allison V-1750 engine driving a three-bladed propeller, which also powered the Lockheed P-38 Lightning and Curtiss P-40 Warhawk.
In 1942, soon after the first production Mustang Mk.I arrived in England, Rolls-Royce began experimenting with a borrowed airplane, AM121, in which they installed the Supermarine Spitfire's Merlin 61 engine. This resulted in an airplane of superior performance.
In the United States, the Packard Motor Car Company of Detroit, Michigan, had begun building Merlin engines under license from Rolls-Royce. These American engines were designated V-1650. North American modified two P-51s from the production line to install the Packard V-1650-3. These were designated XP-51B. Testing revealed that the new variant was so good that the Army Air Corps limited its order for P-51As to 310 airplanes and production was changed to the P-51B.
Cutaway illustration shows the internal arrangement of the P-51B/C Mustang. (Eugene Clay, North American Aviation, Inc.)
In military service, armament consisted of four Browning AN/M2 .50-caliber machine guns, mounted two in each wing, with 350 rounds per gun for the inboard guns and 280 rounds per gun for the outboard.
North American Aviation P-51B-1-NA Mustang 43-12433. (U.S. Air Force)


text:
import logging
import logging.handlers
import sys

LOG_TYPES = ('none', 'stderr', 'file', 'syslog', 'eventlog')
LOG_TYPE_ALIASES = ('winlog', 'nteventlog', 'unix')
LOG_LEVELS = ('CRITICAL', 'ERROR', 'WARNING', 'INFO', 'DEBUG')
LOG_LEVEL_ALIASES = ('WARN', 'ALL')

def logger_handler_factory(logtype='syslog', logfile=None, level='WARNING',
                           logid='Trac', format=None):
    logger = logging.getLogger(logid)
    logtype = logtype.lower()
    if logtype == 'file':
        hdlr = logging.FileHandler(logfile)
    elif logtype in ('eventlog', 'winlog', 'nteventlog'):
        # Requires win32 extensions
        hdlr = logging.handlers.NTEventLogHandler(logid,
                                                  logtype='Application')
    elif logtype in ('syslog', 'unix'):
        hdlr = logging.handlers.SysLogHandler('/dev/log')
    elif logtype == 'stderr':
        hdlr = logging.StreamHandler(sys.stderr)
    else:
        hdlr = logging.handlers.BufferingHandler(0)
        # Note: this _really_ throws away log events, as a `MemoryHandler`
        # would keep _all_ records in case there's no target handler (a bug?)

    level = level.upper()
    if level in ('DEBUG', 'ALL'):
        logger.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
    elif level == 'INFO':
        logger.setLevel(logging.INFO)
    elif level in ('WARNING', 'WARN'):
        logger.setLevel(logging.WARNING)
    elif level == 'ERROR':
        logger.setLevel(logging.ERROR)
    elif level == 'CRITICAL':
        logger.setLevel(logging.CRITICAL)
    else:
        # Should never be reached because level is restricted through
        # ChoiceOption, therefore message is intentionally left untranslated
        raise AssertionError("Unrecognized log level '%(level)s'", level)

    if not format:
        format = 'Trac[%(module)s] %(levelname)s: %(message)s'
        if logtype in ('file', 'stderr'):
            format = '%(asctime)s ' + format
    datefmt = '%X' if logtype == 'stderr' else ''
    formatter = logging.Formatter(format, datefmt)
    hdlr.setFormatter(formatter)
    logger.addHandler(hdlr)

    # Remember our handler so that we can remove it later
    logger._trac_handler = hdlr

    return logger, hdlr

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


12 Tips of TestTrack: Have You Checked Out the Online Help Lately?
Each guide includes an index and search, making it easy to find the information you need. If you haven't checked out the online help lately, take a few minutes to see what you've been missing!


text:
You are here: Home » Devita mini AP
Download Presenation Here
Devita AP mini is a unique device which has no analogues in the world. Each person needs to maintain a high rate of health in the modern world. The device is used to relieve the stressful burden caused by the presence of parasitic forms in the human body: viruses, bacteria,fungi, protozoa, helminths. And also the presence of endo- and exo- toxins that block the work of the main excretory systems, which is one of the main causes of reducing the state of health.
Its action is based on the results of large-scale research by the scientist and engineer R. Rife and his supporters. Scientists have proved that every living form has its own electromagnetic radiation. Waves of a certain frequency, reproduced by the device, resonate with the own radiation of the microorganisms, enhancing their natural vibrations. Intensive fluctuations become disastrous for parasites. The complex AP Mini device has separate vibration frequencies for certain types of viruses, bacteria, helminths, protozoa and fungi, and, in addition, allows the deep purification of the body from toxins.
20 Unique Complexes loaded with therapeutic frequencies
The device includes 20 preinstalled basic complexes consisting of manual and automatic programs. These complexes were prepared by Deta Elis scientists according to their years of experience based on research and clinical trials. Each user can create their own unique complexes. The device can hold up to 50 Complexes and can add 50 programs to each complex. The ability to download new complexes and programs over the internet is availabe by connecting the device to a computer.
List of 20 complexes preinstalled, every complex includes varius therapeutic frequency programs.
10. Sport performers
14. Men's health
15. Women's health
17. Lyme Disease
18. Healthy Cell
19. Healthy Teeth
20. Stop Coronavirus
How to reprogram the device
The device is comming with hundreds of programs preinstalled and there are 1500 more to choose from. By connecting the device to a computer with a USB cable someone can use the already intergrated software and reprogram the device according to needs.
Works in 6 languages
Touchscreen pad
Has an LCD display
Equipped with a built-in battery charging via USB
Memory: 50 complexes(can add 50 programs to each complex).
Warning! Bioresonance devices are contraindicated for use by women in the first trimester of pregnancy and by people, who undergone an organ transplantation. In addition, it is not recommended to use the device within the first two months after suffering a myocardial infarction.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Foams 4 Sports Ltd understands that your privacy is important to you and that you care about how your personal data is used and shared online. We respect and value the privacy of everyone who visits this website, https://www.foams4sports.co.uk ("Our Site") and will only collect and use personal data in ways that are described here, and in a manner that is consistent with Our obligations and your rights under the law.
Please read this Privacy Policy carefully and ensure that you understand it. Your acceptance of Our Privacy Policy is deemed to occur upon your first use of Our Site. If you do not accept and agree with this Privacy Policy, you must stop using Our Site immediately.
"Account" means an account required to access and/or use certain areas and features of Our Site;
"Cookie" means a small text file placed on your computer or device by Our Site when you visit certain parts of Our Site and/or when you use certain features of Our Site. Details of the Cookies used by Our Site are set out in section 13, below;
"Cookie Law" means the relevant parts of the Privacy and Electronic Communications (EC Directive) Regulations 2003;]
"personal data" means any and all data that relates to an identifiable person who can be directly or indirectly identified from that data. In this case, it means personal data that you give to Us via Our Site. This definition shall, where applicable, incorporate the definitions provided in the [EU Regulation 2016/679 – the General Data Protection Regulation ("GDPR"); and
"We/Us/Our" means Foams 4 Sports Ltd registered in England under company number 5998994, whose registered address is Allen Mills Howard & Co, Library Chambers, 48 Union St, Hyde, Cheshire SK14 1ND, and whose main trading address is Foams 4 Sports Ltd, Grosvenor Business Centre, Grosvenor St, Ashton U Lyne, Lancashire, OL7 0RE
Our Site is owned and operated by us.
Our VAT number is 900287059.
We have a designated Data Protection Officer can be contacted via the Contact page on the website.
We are a member of the Sports & Physical Education (PE) Association (SPE); the Federation of Sports and Play Associations (FSP) and the Sports and Play Construction Association (SAPCA).
We have a Quality Management system in place which is accredited and meets the demands set by BS EN ISO 9001; 2001
We have an Environmental Management system in place which is accredited to BS EN ISO 14001: 2004.
What Does This Policy Cover?
As a data subject, you have the following rights under the GDPR, which this Policy and Our use of personal data have been designed to uphold:
The right to be informed about Our collection and use of personal data;
The right of access to the personal data We hold about you (see section 12);
The right to rectification if any personal data We hold about you is inaccurate or incomplete (please contact Us using the details in section 14);
The right to be forgotten – i.e. the right to ask Us to delete any personal data We hold about you (We only hold your personal data for a limited time, as explained in section 6 but if you would like Us to delete it sooner, please contact Us using the details in section 14);
The right to restrict (i.e. prevent) the processing of your personal data;
The right to data portability (obtaining a copy of your personal data to re-use with another service or organisation);
The right to object to Us using your personal data for particular purposes; and
Rights with respect to automated decision making and profiling.
If you have any cause for complaint about Our use of your personal data, please contact Us using the details provided in section 14 and We will do Our best to solve the problem for you. If We are unable to help, you also have the right to lodge a complaint with the UK's supervisory authority, the Information Commissioner's Office.
What Data Do We Collect?
We will collect and process the following information about you:
Information you give us – this is information about you that you give us by filling in forms on our Website or by corresponding with us by phone, email or otherwise. It includes information you provide when you request to make a purchase through our Website.
date of birth;
business/company name
profession;
demographic information such as post code, preferences, and interests;
financial information such as credit / debit card numbers;
Technical information which includes:
Your log in information;
web browser type and version;
Information about your visit which includes:
a list of URLs starting with a referring site and the site you exit to;
activity on our site, pages you have visited, page response times, download errors, length of visits to certain page and page interaction information (such as scrolling, clicks, and mouse-overs).
How Do We Use Your Data?
All personal data is processed and stored securely, for no longer than is necessary in light of the reason(s) for which it was first collected. We will comply with Our obligations and safeguard your rights under GDPR at all times. For more details on security see section 7, below.
Our use of your personal data will always have a lawful basis, either because it is necessary for Our performance of a contract with you, because you have consented to Our use of your personal data (e.g. by subscribing to emails), or because it is in Our legitimate interests. Specifically, we may use your data for the following purposes:
Providing and managing your Account;
Providing and managing your access to Our Site;
Personalising and tailoring your experience on Our Site;
Supplying Our products and/or services to you (please note that We require your personal data in order to enter into a contract with you);
Personalising and tailoring Our products and/or services for you;
Replying to emails from you;
Supplying you with emails that you have opted into (you may unsubscribe or opt-out at any time by Unsubscribe' link in our emails);
With your permission and/or where permitted by law, we may also use your data for marketing purposes which may include contacting you by email, telephone, text message or post with information, news and offers on Our products and services. We will not, however, send you any unsolicited marketing or spam and will take all reasonable steps to ensure that We fully protect your rights and comply with Our obligations under GDPR.
You have the right to withdraw your consent to Us using your personal data at any time, and to request that We delete it.
We do not keep your personal data for any longer than is necessary in light of the reason(s) for which it was first collected.
We have procedures in place to regularly review what personal data we hold. If you have not accessed our services for an extended period then we will delete your personal data from our systems.
How and Where Do We Store Your Data?
We only keep your personal data for as long as We need to in order to use it as described above in section 6, and/or for as long as We have your permission to keep it. Your data will only be stored in the UK.
Data security is very important to Us, and to protect your data We have taken suitable measures to safeguard and secure data collected through Our Site.
All electronic personal data is stored securely using passwords and approved data encryption.
How We Share Your Data?
We may share your data with other trading companies in Our group.
In certain circumstances, we may be legally required to share certain data held by Us, which may include your personal data, for example, where We are involved in legal proceedings, where We are complying with legal obligations, a court order, or a governmental authority.
We may sometimes contract with third parties to supply products and services to you on Our behalf. These may include payment processing, delivery of goods, search engine facilities, advertising, and marketing. In some cases, the third parties may require access to some or all of your data. Where any of your data is required for such a purpose, we will take all reasonable steps to ensure that your data will be handled safely, securely, and in accordance with your rights, Our obligations, and the obligations of the third party under the law.
We may compile statistics about the use of Our Site including data on traffic, usage patterns, user numbers, sales, and other information. All such data will be anonymised and will not include any personally identifying data, or any anonymised data that can be combined with other data and used to identify you. We may from time to time share such data with third parties such as prospective investors, affiliates, partners, and advertisers. Data will only be shared and used within the bounds of the law.
How Can You Control Your Data?
In addition to your rights under the GDPR, set out in section 4, when you submit personal data via Our Site, you may be given options to restrict Our use of your data. In particular, we aim to give you strong controls on Our use of your data for direct marketing purposes (including the ability to opt-out of receiving emails from Us which you may do by unsubscribing using the links provided in Our emails and at the point of providing your details).
You may also wish to sign up to one or more of the preference services operating in the UK: The Telephone Preference Service ("the TPS"), the Corporate Telephone Preference Service ("the CTPS"), and the Mailing Preference Service ("the MPS"). These may help to prevent you receiving unsolicited marketing. Please note, however, that these services will not prevent you from receiving marketing communications that you have consented to receiving.
How Can You Access Your Data?
You have the right to ask for a copy of any of your personal data held by Us (where such data is held). Under the GDPR, no fee is payable and We will provide any and all information in response to your request free of charge.
Our Site may place and access certain Cookies on your computer or device. In line with information from the Information Commissioner's Office, we interpret your continued use of our platform as consent for us to use cookies to capture information about how you interact with our services, and those of other services we use
A cookie is a text file that is placed on your hard disk by a Web page server. Cookies cannot be used to run programs or deliver viruses to your computer. Cookies are uniquely assigned to you and can only be read by a web server in the domain that issued the cookie to you.
We use Cookies to facilitate and improve your experience of Our Site and to provide and improve Our products and services. We have carefully chosen these Cookies and have taken steps to ensure that your privacy and personal data is protected and respected at all times.
Before Cookies are placed on your computer or device, you will be shown a pop up requesting your consent to set those Cookies. By giving your consent to the placing of Cookies you are enabling Us to provide the best possible experience and service to you. You may, if you wish, deny consent to the placing of Cookies; however certain features of Our Site may not function fully or as intended.
In addition to the controls that We provide, you can choose to enable or disable Cookies in your internet browser. Most internet browsers also enable you to choose whether you wish to disable all Cookies or only third-party Cookies. By default, most internet browsers accept Cookies but this can be changed. For further details, please consult the help menu in your internet browser or the documentation that came with your device.
You can choose to delete Cookies on your computer or device at any time, however you may lose any information that enables you to access Our Site more quickly and efficiently including, but not limited to, login and personalisation settings.
If you have any questions about Our Site or this Privacy Policy, please contact Us by email, by telephone or by post using the Contact Page on the website. Please ensure that your query is clear, particularly if it is a request for information about the data We hold about you (as under section 12, above).


coastal outdoor rugs new beach outdoor rugs medium size of area area rugs coastal style rugs coastal outdoor rugs beach outdoor area rugs.
coastal outdoor rugs coastal living indoor outdoor rug coral orange gray beach house decor colorful coastal outdoor rugs.
coastal outdoor rugs breezy blue outdoor beach decor furniture from pier 1 http coastal outdoor rug green.
coastal outdoor rugs ms ship shape coastal indooroutdoor rug bluegreen coastal outdoor rugs.
coastal outdoor rugs coastal living indoor outdoor rug coral frosty green beach decor coastal coastal outdoor rugs 9x12.
coastal outdoor rugs new beach themed outdoor rugs beach themed outdoor rugs full size of coastal living indoor outdoor new beach themed outdoor rugs coastal beach themed outdoor rugs.
coastal outdoor rugs interior design for beach decor area rugs small home remodel ideas 10894 themed western outdoor area rugs.
coastal outdoor rugs area rugs beach themed outdoor c rug coastal throw beach themed outdoor rugs.
coastal outdoor rugs new beach outdoor rugs beach house rugs cabana stripe indoor outdoor rug beach themed indoor outdoor coastal outdoor rugs.
coastal outdoor rugs indooroutdoor area rug coastal outdoor rugs 9x12.
coastal outdoor rugs coastal outdoor pillows and rugs httpwwwcompletely beach polypropylene outdoor rugs.
coastal outdoor rugs new coastal outdoor rugs coastal lagoon sierra harbor gray garden green indoor outdoor rug coastal indoor coastal indoor outdoor square rugs.
coastal outdoor rugs new starfish outdoor rug coastal starfish outdoor rug runner coastal outdoor rug.
coastal outdoor rugs hand tufted school of fish coastal living wool rug white coastal living rugs plush hand tufted coastal living rugs beach scene outdoor rugs.
coastal outdoor rugs charming coastal indoor outdoor round rugs.
coastal outdoor rugs innovative design ideas for indoor outdoor rugs 17 best ideas about indoor outdoor rugs on pinterest beach themed outdoor rugs 9x12.
coastal outdoor rugs brilliant aqua outdoor rug cancun aqua indoor outdoor rug natures coastal outdoor area rugs.
coastal outdoor rugs new coastal outdoor rugs breathtaking nautical kitchen rugs beach themed rugs bathrooms design nautical outdoor coastal beach style outdoor rugs.
coastal outdoor rugs area rugs beach themed outdoor rugs coral rug coastal throw rugs beach outdoor rugs.
coastal outdoor rugs coastal outdoor space with a cozy seating set up and a eclectic outdoor rug coastal indoor outdoor square rugs.
coastal outdoor rugs 194 best rugs images on pinterest prayer rug rug features and coastal living rugs coastal chic furniture magnificent coastal outdoor rugs coastal outdoor rug.
coastal outdoor rugs round nautical rugs full size of living round nautical rugs coastal outdoor rugs beach themed area burgundy and beige coastal outdoor rugs.
coastal outdoor rugs underwater coral and starfish blue 5 ft x 7 ft indooroutdoor area coastal living outdoor rugs.
coastal outdoor rugs new coastal outdoor rugs coral wave aqua x indoor outdoor rug beach style outdoor coastal themed coastal style outdoor rugs.
coastal outdoor rugs outdoor escape sandals sandmulti 8 ft x 11 ft area rug southern living outdoor rugs.
coastal outdoor rugs frontporch anchor navy outdoor rug coastal indoor outdoor rugs.
coastal outdoor rugs picture of jaipur coastal abstract pattern polypropylene blue indoor outdoor rug ci30 coastal outdoor rug green.
coastal outdoor rugs amazon indoor outdoor rugs uk furniture fabulous coastal living seahorse rug starfish pottery barn best a beach themed outdoor rugs.
coastal outdoor rugs rug idea nautical runner rugs coastal outdoor rugs coastal area beachy area rugs large size of coastal living outdoor rugs.
coastal outdoor rugs frontporch lighthouse outdoor rug coastal indoor outdoor square rugs.
coastal outdoor rugs coastal clean and modern outdoor living room coastal indoor outdoor rugs.
coastal outdoor rugs beach themed area rugs decor front coastal outdoor round southern living outdoor rugs.
coastal outdoor rugs outdoor coastal backyard sitting area with a great outddor rug coastal indoor outdoor rugs.
coastal outdoor rugs new coastal outdoor rugs coastal style furniture full size of coastal rugs cheap coastal outdoor rugs coastal indoor outdoor square rugs.
coastal outdoor rugs nuloom handmade by thomas paul coastal outdoor blue rug 7x27 beach themed indoor outdoor rugs.
coastal outdoor rugs coastal living indoor outdoor rug coral frosty green beach house decor coastal indoor outdoor area rugs.
coastal outdoor rugs new coastal outdoor rugs beach indoor outdoor rugs beach cottage outdoor rugs.
coastal outdoor rugs new coastal outdoor rugs best coastal accent rugs and color area rugs images on accent rugs new coastal outdoor rugs venice beach outdoor rugs.
coastal outdoor rugs beach themed outdoor rugs large size of rug themed rugs starfish rugs coastal outdoor rugs nautical beach themed outdoor rugs coastal style outdoor rugs.
coastal outdoor rugs new outdoor beach rugs brilliant indoor outdoor nautical rugs coastal indoor outdoor area rugs.
coastal outdoor rugs new coastal outdoor rugs best coastal accent rugs and color area rugs images on accent rugs new coastal outdoor rugs coastal indoor outdoor square rugs.
coastal outdoor rugs nautical rugs coastal indoor outdoor rugs in wool pvc poly fibers coastal style area rugs for coastal style outdoor rugs.
coastal outdoor rugs azzura hill off white coastal 8 ft x 8 ft round outdoor area rug burgundy and beige coastal outdoor rugs.
coastal outdoor rugs recapitulate a transitional style to your home by selecting this hampton bay coastal medallion blue indoor or outdoor area rug coastal outdoor rugs.
coastal outdoor rugs full size of living roomround nautical rugs coastal outdoor rugs beach themed area rugs western style outdoor rugs.
coastal outdoor rugs medium size of popular coral waves coastal outdoor rugs in indoor outdoor rug coastal indoor outdoor area rugs.
coastal outdoor rugs new coastal outdoor rugs coastal flora ivory turquoise indoor outdoor area rug beach outdoor area rugs coastal themed indoor outdoor rugs.
coastal outdoor rugs blue coastal and nautical outdoor rugs featured on completely coastal http beach cottage outdoor rugs.
coastal outdoor rugs nautical area rug coffee rugs for boats coastal outdoor rugs nautical washable rugs best area rug coastal indoor outdoor area rugs.
coastal outdoor rugs ibiza area rug outdoor rugs coastal rugs transitional rugs hand hooked burgundy and beige coastal outdoor rugs.
coastal outdoor rugs new coastal outdoor rugs coastal rugs coastal style outdoor rugs coastal indoor outdoor round rugs.
coastal outdoor rugs full size of living roomround nautical rugs coastal outdoor rugs beach themed area rugs large size of living roomround nautical rugs coastal outdoor rugs gone coastal outdoor rug.
coastal outdoor rugs furniture magnificent coastal outdoor rugs coastal living area coastal living rugs full size of furnituremagnificent coastal outdoor beach paradise outdoor beach decor beach and patios breezy blue outdoor beach decor furniture from pier http.
coastal outdoor rugs picture of jaipur coastal abstract pattern polypropylene blueivory indoor outdoor rug ci23 coastal indoor outdoor round rugs.
coastal outdoor rugs shells and white coral coastal indoor outdoor rugs coastal outdoor rugs 9x12.
coastal outdoor rugs full size of living roommarvelous seashell rugs starfish bathroom rug home depot coastal outdoor large size of living roommarvelous seashell rugs starfish colorful coastal outdoor rugs.
coastal outdoor rugs new beach themed outdoor rugs area porch best teal coastal outdoor rugs rugs the home depot indooroutdoor reversible area rug.
coastal outdoor rugs portico stripes area rug sea blue made in america indooroutdoor best coastal rugs images on pinterest aqua area rug aqua rug coastal living indooroutdoor rug sea horsing around light blue coastal home.
coastal outdoor rugs contemporary bedroom decor entranching fresh bedroom brilliant rugs beach themed area survivorspeak from beach themed burgundy and beige coastal outdoor rugs.
coastal outdoor rugs coastal area rugs coastal lagoon coral teal amp latte indoor outdoor rug coastal outdoor rug.
coastal outdoor rugs slate blue slate blue slate blue beach themed outdoor rugs 9x12.
coastal outdoor rugs new coastal outdoor rugs large size of patio outdoor outdoor rugs only front porch rugs indoor beach style outdoor rugs.
coastal outdoor rugs indooroutdoor reversible area rug new coastal outdoor rugs large size of patio outdoor outdoor rugs new coastal outdoor rugs large size of patio outdoor outdoor rugs only front porch rugs indoor.
coastal outdoor rugs new coastal outdoor rugs latest nautical outdoor rugs best images about coastal accent rugs and color coastal indoor outdoor round rugs.
coastal outdoor rugs outdoor escape sandals sandmulti 7 ft 10 in x 7 ft beach themed indoor outdoor rugs.
coastal outdoor rugs new coastal outdoor rugs sand dollars on blue stripes blue 1 ft in x 2 ft venice beach indoor outdoor rugs.
coastal outdoor rugs coastal lagoon inlet ermine winter white indoor outdoor rug coastal beach themed outdoor rugs.
coastal outdoor rugs azzura hill navy coastal 8 ft x 8 ft round outdoor area rug south beach outdoor rugs.
coastal outdoor rugs indooroutdoor round anchor mat beach motif outdoor rugs.
coastal outdoor rugs navy birch coastal indoor outdoor rugs.
coastal outdoor rugs home beachcoastal decor beachcoastal area rugs coastal indoor outdoor area rugs.
coastal outdoor rugs grant design indoor outdoor rug bough out apricot orange tuffet beach themed outdoor rugs 9x12.
coastal outdoor rugs indooroutdoor reversible area rug beach themed outdoor rugs.
coastal outdoor rugs farmhouse front door entry beach style with striped rug nickel pendant lights coastal themed indoor outdoor rugs.
coastal outdoor rugs coastal patio with a fun bamboo swing and an outdoor jute rug beach polypropylene outdoor rugs.
coastal outdoor rugs these hard working rugs hold up to sandy feet and more whether they new coastal outdoor rugs coastal lagoon luau surf spray nova indoor new coastal outdoor rugs coastal lagoon luau surf spray nova indoor outdoor rug coastal living outdoor.
coastal outdoor rugs jute rug tuvalu home elegant coastal living rugs within 11 walkforpatorg coastal outdoor area rugs.
coastal outdoor rugs nautical rope bordered indoor outdoor rug gone coastal outdoor rug.
coastal outdoor rugs excellent burgundy and beige coastal outdoor rugs.
coastal outdoor rugs country side natural 7 ft 10 in x 10 ft 6 in new beach themed outdoor rugs area rug indoor outdoor area rugs x new beach themed outdoor rugs beach themed outdoor rugs full size of coastal living indoor outdoor new beach themed outdoor rugs.
coastal outdoor rugs beach outdoor rugs new dazzling design ideas house indoor astonishing rug designs nautical south coastal indoor outdoor rugs.
coastal outdoor rugs jellybean home garden blue bay 34 x 54 indoor outdoor coastal area rug southern living outdoor rugs.
coastal outdoor rugs rope walk area rug turquoise and white beach indoor outdoor rugs.
coastal outdoor rugs beach outdoor rugs excellent best outdoor coastal decor living images on throughout outdoor beach furniture modern coastal indoor outdoor area rugs.
coastal outdoor rugs coral aqua 7 ft 5 in x 10 ft 8 in flat beach cottage outdoor rugs.
coastal outdoor rugs beach outdoor rugs jelly fish ocean rug house beach themed indoor outdoor rugs.
coastal outdoor rugs round beach outdoor rugs.
coastal outdoor rugs medium size of furniturebeach themed outdoor rugs lovely coastal themed area rugs beach coffee venice beach outdoor rugs.
coastal outdoor rugs portico beach outdoor rug aqua beach style beach outdoor rugs portico beach outdoor rug aqua beach beach scene outdoor rugs.
coastal outdoor rugs new coastal outdoor rugs coastal lagoon luau surf spray nova indoor outdoor rug coastal living outdoor bluegreen coastal outdoor rugs.
coastal outdoor rugs round nautical rugs full size of coastal outdoor rugs round nautical rugs beach rugs home decor round nautical rugs beach beach indoor outdoor rugs.
coastal outdoor rugs wailea coast aqua 5 ft 3 in x 7 ft 5 in beach polypropylene outdoor rugs.
coastal outdoor rugs la palma area rug synthetic rugs machine woven rugs patio rugs outdoor rugs coastal rugs contemporary rugs homedecoratorscom pinterest beach scene outdoor rugs.
coastal outdoor rugs coastal living indoor outdoor rug sea horsing around light blue coastal home 9 x 12 coastal outdoor rugs.
coastal outdoor rugs island breeze multi 7 ft 8 in x 10 ft 10 in coastal outdoor rugs.
coastal outdoor rugs anchor your outdoor living space with one of our coastal nautical style easy care durable indoor outdoor area rugs in a colorful variety of sizes and beach coastal outdoor rugs 9x12.
coastal outdoor rugs new coastal outdoor rugs runner rugs home depot coffee tables home depot coastal outdoor rug beach beach house outdoor rugs.
coastal outdoor rugs indooroutdoor area beach cottage outdoor rugs.
coastal outdoor rugs jaipur coastal living indoor outdoor ci11 starfish dark ivorydark ivory closeout area rug coastal indoor outdoor square rugs.
coastal outdoor rugs blue seashells flat woven weave 5 ft 3 in x 7 ft 5 beach outdoor rugs.


text:
Bataljon O je bil bataljon, ki je deloval v sestavi Slovenskega domobranstva med drugo svetovno vojno.

Zgodovina
Bataljon je bil ustanovljen maja 1944 in julija istega leta preimenovan v IV. bataljon.

Poveljstvo
 Poveljniki
 stotnik Dušan Meničanin

Viri in opombe
 Aleš Nose: Domobranci zdravo - Bog daj: Protikomunistične enote na Slovenskem 1942-1945 (Ljubljana, 2008), 100.

Glej tudi

 Slovenska domobranska legija

Bataljoni Slovenskega domobranstva
Vojaške enote, ustanovljene leta 1943
Vojaške enote, ukinjene leta 1944
Vojaške enote, garnizirane v Trebnjem
Vojaške enote, garnizirane v Šentvidu pri Stični

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Indo-Israeli missile successfully test-fired: DRDO chief
The Indo-Israeli Long Range Surface to Air Missile (LR-SAM) was successfully test fired in Israel last fortnight. "The 70-km missile was fired at an electronic target and met with its initial objectives," DRDO chief Dr Vijay Saraswat said in an exclusive interview with India Today.
Sandeep Unnithan
UPDATED: May 28, 2010 23:06 IST
The Indo-Israeli Long Range Surface to Air Missile
The second test of the missile will be held in India sometime later this year. The missile will be integrated by Indian technicians. The LR-SAM area defence missile is being jointly developed by India and Israel under a Rs 2500 crore project which began in 2006. The missile, also called the Barak-2 are to equip the three guided missile destroyers of the Project 15A class. The three destroyers are to join the Indian navy in one year intervals beginning in 2012.
"We will deliver the system to the armed forces in 2013. I am very confident it will be an astounding success," Dr Saraswat said. A second variant, called the Medium Range SAM (MR-SAM) is being developed for the Indian Air Force under a Rs 10,000 crore project signed in 2009. The MR-SAM is to replace all the IAF's ageing Soviet-made Pechora SAM missiles. According to naval officials, a 100-km range theatre defence version called the Extended Range SAM is being developed for the four Project 15B destroyers.
(Read 'Trimming the Fat' in India Today issue dated June 6, out on the stands now.)


text:
package com.zimbra.soap.admin.type;

import com.google.common.base.Objects;
import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlAccessType;
import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlAccessorType;
import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlAttribute;

import com.zimbra.common.soap.MailConstants;
import com.zimbra.soap.base.WkstRuleInterface;

@XmlAccessorType(XmlAccessType.NONE)
public class WkstRule
implements WkstRuleInterface {

    /**
     * @zm-api-field-tag weekday
     * @zm-api-field-description Weekday -  <b>SU|MO|TU|WE|TH|FR|SA</b>
     */
    @XmlAttribute(name=MailConstants.A_CAL_RULE_DAY, required=true)
    private final String day;

    /**
     * no-argument constructor wanted by JAXB
     */
    @SuppressWarnings("unused")
    private WkstRule() {
        this((String) null);
    }

    public WkstRule(String day) {
        this.day = day;
    }

    @Override
    public WkstRuleInterface create(String day) {
        return new WkstRule(day);
    }

    @Override
    public String getDay() { return day; }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return Objects.toStringHelper(this)
            .add("day", day)
            .toString();
    }
}


When You've Been Involved in a Serious Truck Accident, You Need a Serious Lawyer.
Anaheim is a traffic and trucking hub for Southern California due to it's central location connecting Los Angeles and San Bernardino Counties. Big rig accidents like this one on State College Blvd. are not rare, and if you live locally you already know that trucking traffic is a serious problem locally.
Consequently, many semis get around traffic by getting off the freeway and driving through city streets, which usually creates more traffic. Due to the magnitude of a trailer truck, accidents involving 18 wheelers can result in serious accidents causing catastrophic injuries or death.
The Paris Firm has handled truck accident cases in Anaheim and throughout Southern California. Attorney Eric Paris has been representing people injured in motor vehicle accidents for over two decades. Anaheim is only about 20 minutes from The Paris Firm in Chino Hills, and our attorneys have handled numerous cases in Orange County. Like all law firms, after our initial consultation at our office or your home or hospital, most of our communication can be done via phone and Email – but we never really leave your side.
Unfortunately, truckers involved in an accident may not be violating safety regulations for the first time. Sometimes they have a record of poor driving behavior which the trucking company may already be aware of and possibly even encourage dangerous behaviors to ensure timely deliveries. Trucking companies and drivers are sometimes incentivized with bonuses for early or on-time delivery, and they have been known to engage in risky tactics to meet a deadline.
If you or a loved one has been seriously injured due to a truck accident in Anaheim, you already know how serious a truck accident can be. You may have already dealt with the trucking company's insurance company and now realize how tough it is to get them to negotiate, which may try to blame you (or your lost loved one) for the accident.
Do I need a Lawyer for my Truck Accident Claim?
Maybe. If there were no injuries and very little vehicle damage you may be able to negotiate a fair settlement on your own quickly. However, if you or a family member has been seriously injured due to the negligence or carelessness of a commercial truck driver, you have the right to obtain the absolute maximum financial compensation for the damages you have suffered and expenses you may incur in the future. Call The Paris Firm today at (909) 551-4040, serving truck accident victims in Anaheim, California, and schedule a no obligation consultation. If there is no recovery, there is no fee and there are no up-front out of pocket fees. Our firm advances costs on behalf of our clients.


New dates for all our diaries….
A large cup of tea and new tour dates listed for your delight. We hope you will be able to join us too.
Commissions are always a treat, so get in touch and we can chat about your ideas and make them a reality.
Ashleigh-Ellan asked and it was a great honour to come up with a little something to assist her final year fashion collection. Some of you know these models they walk amongst us. The clothes from her final year collection are amazing.
We are very glad to hear our hat went to Barcelona atop the very fine head of Kathleen Freeth.
Image credit to some other fine photographer.
This poses a question…where have you taken your ornamentology hat?


What does an explorer do next, once he's climbed all the world's highest peaks, walked to both the North and South Poles, and ballooned alone across the Atlantic?
If you're Sir David Hempleman-Adams the answer's simple. You find a small boat and sail it around the top of the world! Heaving the vessel through ice floes, facing bergs the size of blocks of flats, narrowly escaping polar bears and enduring one of the fiercest arctic storms ever recorded, Hempleman-Adams and his crew completed their hazardous voyage through the North-East and North West Passages in a single season, defeating all that nature could throw at them.
Terra Incognita is the name engraved on early maps given to those regions on earth where no civilised man had yet trod. Such places were the undiscovered planets of their day and they drew early adventurers to them as moths to a flame.
For many the attempts to conquer the North East and North West Passages did indeed bring death. Here, explorers, such as Sir John Franklin and his men, met their lonely end in the icebound arctic wilderness.
Today, these once formidable barriers to routes west and east above the arctic circle are now open water, except in winter months, and as a result of global warming are likely to become passable all year in the not too distant future.
This will change forever the lives of the people and wildlife who inhabit this once pristine environment, with commercial and political interests lining up to exploit the riches now on offer.
It was to help bring these alarming events to the world's attention that, in 2016, the explorer and adventurer David Hempleman-Adams took a party of fellow adventurers aboard a small yacht, Northabout, in order to attempt to sail through both the North East and North West Passages in a single season.
This was The Polar Ocean Challenge – a feat never before attempted by such a vessel, crewed by an assortment of intrepid individuals of several nationalities, including a fourteen year-old boy.
This is their story brought to life by the author, including personal daily records of events and illustrated with over 300 photographs.
Sir David Kim Hempleman-Adams, KCVO, OBE, KStJ, DL is a British industrialist and adventurer. He is the first person in history to reach the Geographic and Magnetic North and South Poles as well as climb the highest peaks in all seven continents, the Adventurer's Grand Slam.
Born in Swindon, Wiltshire, in 1956, his interest in adventuring was inspired by the Duke of Edinburgh's Award Scheme of which he is a gold medallist. A businessman by profession but an adventurer by preference, along with the Polar Ocean Challenge, he also founded the charity Wicked Weather Watch aimed at bringing issues of global warming to younger people and to schools.
Imprint: Halsgrove. ISBN 978 0 85704 316 0, hardback, 238x258mm, 144 pages. Published September 2017.


I took both my kids to Disney when they were babies. It was so much fun to get pictures of them with the characters and see their little eyes light up with the twinkling lights and bright colors everywhere! I cherish the memories of them enjoying the magic. Your daughter is not going to remember this trip, but I know you will! That first meeting with Mickey Mouse is the best.
Here is how we made our trips to WDW successful with our babies: We planned ahead with bringing our stroller, had a packed diaper bag to the parks each day, we planned ahead with dining reservations, and took mid-day breaks. When entering any park, locate the Baby Care Center which is the best for feedings and changings. Stay on your daughter's schedule with naps and bedtimes, and meal times.
My kids were Disney pros by the time they were toddlers. While there are some challenges traveling with little ones, I think it is worth it and would do it again! Take your time, enjoy the magic, and take LOTS of pictures of your birthday princess during her birthday celebration in Walt Disney World!


A headless CMS built in Express for PostgresQL using Sequelize. Generally follows the Wordpress post and term schema.
Base app with node & express backend using passport for authentication. Angular frontend.
api node for client react.


James Arthur and Anne-Marie Perform "Rewrite the Stars" - The Voice 2018 Live Top 10 Eliminations - RewriteTheStars.
Rewrite the Stars - Zac and Zendaya (From The Greatest Showman) HD - Rewrite the Stars" was the third promotional song to be released before The Greatest Showman premiered. It is the eighth song overall on the soundtrack.


Submotion Orchestra 's jam-packed album launch tour for the new record 'Kites' graced Manchester on Thursday evening – Gorilla was on venue duty as the 5th leg of the tour passed through the rainy city in style. Although the lack of a live band as a supporting act was mildly underwhelming, Agent J soon made up for this as his smooth DJ skills teased an eager & excitable crowd with expertly picked selections of Hip-hop, funk, dub and everything in between. The stage was set for the main event.
With lead singer Ruby Wood absent on their previous album tour 2 years ago, there was an anticipation in the air to see the band back in full flow. Entering the stage all in red to a rapturous applause following the bands opening track – an instrumental masterpiece laced with powerful bass, majestic horns and percussion – Ruby and the rest of the band pushed the acoustics to the limit from the get-go. Submotion Orchestra's unorthodox approach to creating music – fusing electronica, jazz and soul with a heavy dub influence – generates a mesmerising experience when performed live.
They had the audience in the palm of their hands from start to finish; everyone in the room was transfixed in awe as they chopped and changed between their smoky 'slow-jams' and powerful instrumental tracks, shaking the walls of Gorilla & spinning the room into a groove within an instant – namely with new album track, 'Tunnel'. It's always a treat when a band with so many classics do an album launch tour – the anticipation of hearing new music performed live for the first time, combined with the nostalgia of their sublime back catalogue that we've grown to know and love, formed a truly special atmosphere.
As Submotion Orchestra left the stage and the lights stayed down an encore was imminent with the crowd all seeming to realise in synchronicity that Submotion Orchestra's 'anthem' was yet to be performed. 'All Yours' – from the debut album 'Finest Hour' – was a stone wall classic from the moment it was released & is always a pleasure to experience live. Unsurprisingly this was the final song performed, as it has been in previous shows. A momentary silence preceded the intro as lead singer Ruby wore a grin that said ''yeah you know what's coming''. It was a fitting end to a flawless gig as members of the crowd rushed to the front, reaching for Ruby's hand in appreciation for the sheer beauty of the track.
Submotion Orchestra find themselves in a special category of bands who sound better live than on the record – if you've listened to their records you'll understand the achievement within that. Their tracks are stacked with copious layers of sound, and the passion that goes into their music results in a truly enthralling experience when executed in live format without a single note out of place. Gorilla only seemed to amplify this – a relatively small stage with the 6 musicians shoulder to shoulder allowed the band to bounce off each other and really dig into their performance.
An admirable quality about following the Submotion Orchestra's live circuit is the diverse range of venues they perform in. Out of the 4 Submotion shows I've attended, one was in a 2000-year-old Roman Amphitheatre and another in a small social club in their hometown of Leeds. After absorbing the 6-piece's music in such contrasting environments, it shows that the band they are not afraid to scale up or down with each type of venue seeming to complement their sound in a different way. However, Gorilla's intimate (yet not too intense) space and awesome acoustics seemed ideal on the night.
Shortly after curfew Submotion Orchestra set up a meet and greet by the stage selling records and merchandise, at which point I wasted no time in showing my appreciation to each member. This kind of fan integration personifies the honesty and integrity SO possess as musicians, setting a fine example for other upcoming bands. If you can't wait until the next tour, you can catch Submotion Orchestra smashing the festival circuit this summer across the globe as per with sets at Eden, Farr, Soundwave, Atlas Weekend, Wonder Fields and Boomtown to name but a few.


10 Moving Hacks All Homeowners Should Know If you want to have a stress-free moving experience, then you won't want to miss this article. Here you'll find 10 moving hacks all homeowners should know. Planning a move and need to get organized? Don't get overwhelmed, get a plan. A common mistake people make when it's time to relocate is waiting until the last moment to pack. They put packing off until the task seems monumental. This can cause undue stress and make packing more difficult than it needs to be.


Though the communities that have developed significant rail-trail networks can attest to the positive impact trail traffic has on local businesses, elsewhere this phenomenon still has its doubters. For every cynical landowner turned hotelier, or every entrepreneur who has been able to bring commerce and jobs back to local main streets thanks to trail tourism, there is another who holds firmly to the long disproven idea that trail users don't spend money in the communities they visit.
Which is why Rails-to-Trails Conservancy has focused in recent years on accurately documenting that economic impact, presenting well-researched data, hard numbers that prove, for example, that non-local visitors to the Pine Creek Rail Trail in Pennsylvania spend an average of $99.30 per visit. Or that people riding and hiking the Great Allegheny Passage leave more than $21 million a year in the communities and businesses along the way.
Though the numbers tell a compelling story, the locals themselves offer unique insights into just what local destination trails mean to their businesses. In June of this year, we visited dozens of these business owners along the Great Allegheny Passage and C&O Canal towpath through Pennsylvania and Maryland. Here's what they had to say!