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Manila galleon
Title: Manila galleon
Subject: New Spain, Maritime history of California, Latin American Asian, History of Manila, Spanish treasure fleet
Collection: 1565 Establishments, 1565 Establishments in New Spain, 1565 Establishments in Spain, 16Th Century in the Spanish East Indies, 17Th Century in the Spanish East Indies, 1810S Disestablishments in Spain, 1815 Disestablishments, 18Th Century in the Spanish East Indies, 19Th Century in the Spanish East Indies, 19Th-Century Disestablishments in New Spain, Age of Sail, Colonial Mexico, Galleons, History of Manila, History of New Spain, History of the Pacific Ocean, Naval Warfare, New Spain, Ship Types, Shipping Routes, Spanish Colonial Period in the Philippines, Spanish Colonization of the Americas, Spanish East Indies, Spanish Navy
The Manila-Acapulco Galleon Memorial at Plaza Mexico in Intramuros, Manila.
The Manila Galleons (Spanish: Galeón de Manila, Tagalog: Kalakalang Galyon ng Maynila at Acapulco) were Spanish trading ships that made round-trip sailing voyages once or twice per year across the Pacific Ocean from the port of Acapulco in New Spain (present-day Mexico) to Manila in the Spanish East Indies, now the Philippines. The name of the galleon changed reflecting the city that the ship was sailing from.[1] The term Manila Galleons is also used to refer to the trade route between Acapulco and Manila, which lasted from 1565 to 1815.
The Manila Galleons were also known in New Spain as "La Nao de la China" (The China Ship) because it carried largely Chinese goods, shipped from Manila.[2]
The Manila Galleon trade route was inaugurated in 1565 after Augustinian friar and navigator Andrés de Urdaneta discovered the tornaviaje or return route from the Philippines to Mexico. The first successful round trips were made by Urdaneta and by Alonso de Arellano that year. The route lasted until 1815 when the Mexican War of Independence ended Spanish control of Mexican ports. The Manila galleons sailed the Pacific for 250 years, bringing to Spain their cargoes of luxury goods, economic benefits, and cultural exchange.
Discovery of the route 1
Spice trade 2
Possible discovery of Hawaii 3
Discovery of the route
In 1521 a Spanish expedition led by Ferdinand Magellan sailed west across the Pacific using the westward trade winds. The expedition discovered the Mariana Islands and the Philippines and claimed them for Spain. Although Magellan died there, one of his ships made it back to Spain by continuing westward.
In order to settle and trade with these islands from the Americas, an eastward maritime return path was necessary. The first ship to try this a few years later failed. In 1529 Álvaro de Saavedra Cerón also tried sailing east from the Philippines, but could not find the eastward winds across the Pacific. In 1543 Bernardo de la Torre also failed. In 1542, however, Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo helped pave the way by sailing north from Mexico to explore the Pacific coast, reaching as far north as the Russian River, just north of the 38th parallel.
Andrés de Urdaneta
The Manila-Acapulco galleon trade finally began when Spanish navigators Alonso de Arellano and Andrés de Urdaneta discovered the eastward return route in 1565. Sailing as part of the expedition commanded by Miguel López de Legazpi to conquer the Philippines in 1565, Arellano and Urdaneta were given the task of finding a return route. Reasoning that the trade winds of the Pacific might move in a gyre as the Atlantic winds did, they had to sail north to the 38th parallel north, off the east coast of Japan, before catching the eastward-blowing winds ("westerlies") that would take them back across the Pacific.
Reaching the west coast of North America, Urdaneta's ship the San Pedro hit the coast near Cape Mendocino, California, then followed the coast south to San Blas and later to Acapulco, arriving on October 8, 1565.[3] Most of his crew died on the long initial voyage, for which they had not sufficiently provisioned. Arellano, who had taken a more southerly route, had already arrived.
The English privateer Francis Drake also reached the California coast, in 1579. After capturing a Spanish ship heading for Manila, Drake turned north, hoping to meet another Spanish treasure ship coming south on its return from Manila to Acapulco. He failed in that regard, but staked an English claim somewhere on the northern California coast. Although the ship's log and other records were lost, the officially-accepted location is now called Drakes Bay, on Point Reyes south of Cape Mendocino.[4][5]
By the 18th century it was understood that a less northerly track was sufficient when nearing the North American coast, and galleon navigators steered well clear of the rocky and often fogbound northern and central California coast. According to historian William Lytle Schurz, "They generally made their landfall well down the coast, somewhere between Point Conception and Cape San Lucas...After all, these were preeminently merchant ships, and the business of exploration lay outside their field, though chance discoveries were welcomed".[6]
The first motivation for land exploration of present-day California was to scout out possible way-stations for the seaworn Manila galleons on the last leg of their journey. Early proposals came to little, but in 1769 the Portola expedition established Alta California ports at San Diego and Monterey, providing safe harbors for returning Manila galleons.
In Manila, the safety of ocean crossings was commended to the virgin Nuestra Señora de la Soledad de Porta Vaga in masses held by the Archbishop of Manila. If the expedition was successful the voyagers would go to the La Ermita (church) to pay homage, and offer gold and other precious gems or jewelries from Hispanic countries, to the image of the virgin. So it came to be that the Virgin was named the "Queen of the Galleons".
Spice trade
White represents the route of the Manila Galleons in the Pacific and the flota in the Atlantic. (Blue represents Portuguese routes.)
Trade with Ming China via Manila served a major source of revenue for the Spanish Empire and as a fundamental source of income for Spanish colonists in the Philippine Islands. Until 1593, two or more ships would set sail annually from each port.[7] The Manila trade became so lucrative that Seville merchants petitioned king Philip II of Spain to protect the monopoly of the Casa de Contratación based in Seville. This led to the passing of a decree in 1593 that set a limit of two ships sailing each year from either port, with one kept in reserve in Acapulco and one in Manila. An "armada" or armed escort of galleons, was also approved. Due to official attempts at controlling the galleon trade, contraband and understating of ships' cargo became widespread.[8]
Due to the route's high profitability but long voyage time, it was essential to build the largest possible galleons, which were the largest class of ships known to have been built.[9] In the 16th century, they averaged from 1,700 to 2,000 tons, were built of Philippine hardwoods and could carry a thousand passengers. The Concepción, wrecked in 1638, was 43 to 49 m (141 to 161 ft) long and displacing some 2,000 tons. The Santísima Trinidad was 51.5 m long. Most of the ships were built in the Philippines and only eight in Mexico. The Manila-Acapulco galleon trade ended in 1815, a few years before Mexico gained independence from Spain in 1821. After this, the Spanish Crown took direct control of the Philippines, and was governed directly from Madrid. This became manageable in the mid-19th century upon the invention of steam power ships and the opening of the Suez Canal, which reduced the travel time from Spain to the Philippines to 40 days.
The galleon trade was nourished by merchants largely from port areas of Fujian who traveled to Manila to sell Spaniards spices, porcelain, ivory, lacquerware, processed silk cloth and other valuable commodities. Galleons transported the goods to be sold in the Americas, namely in New Spain and Peru as well as in European markets. East Asia trading primarily functioned on a silver standard due to Ming China's use of silver ingots as a medium of exchange. As such, goods were mostly bought by silver mined from Mexico and Potosí.[8] The cargoes arrived in Acapulco and were transported by land across Mexico to the port of Veracruz on the Gulf of Mexico, where they were loaded onto the Spanish treasure fleet bound for Spain. This route was the alternative to the trip west across the Indian Ocean, and around the Cape of Good Hope, which was reserved to Portugal according to the Treaty of Tordesillas. It also avoided stopping over at ports controlled by competing powers, such as Portugal and the Netherlands. From the early days of exploration, the Spanish knew that the American continent was much narrower across the Panamanian isthmus than across Mexico. They tried to establish a regular land crossing there, but the thick jungle, and malaria made it impractical.
It took at least four months to sail across the Pacific Ocean from Manila to Acapulco, and the galleons were the main link between the Philippines and the viceregal capital at Mexico City and thence to Spain itself. Many of the so-called "Kastilas" or Spaniards in the Philippines were actually of Mexican descent, and the Hispanic culture of the Philippines is somewhat close to Mexican culture.[10] Even after the galleon era, and at the time when Mexico finally gained its independence, the two nations still continued to trade, except for a brief lull during the Spanish–American War.
The wrecks of the Manila galleons are legends second only to the wrecks of voyage around the world.
Possible discovery of Hawaii
For 250 years, hundreds of Manila galleons traveled from present-day Mexico to the Philippines, with their route taking them south of the Hawaiian Islands. And yet, no historical records of any contact between the two cultures exist. British historian Henry Kamen maintains that the Spanish did not have the ability to properly explore the Pacific Ocean, and were not capable of finding the islands which lay at a latitude 20° north of the galleon route and their currents.[12] However, Spanish activity in the Pacific was paramount until the late 18th century. Andrés de Urdaneta was the first to sail the Pacific from west to east, establishing the maritime route from Asia to America in 1565, that lasted until 1815. Spanish expeditions discovered Guam, the Marianas, the Carolines and the Philippines in the North Pacific, as well as Tuvalu, the Marquesas, the Solomon Islands and New Guinea in the South Pacific. Spanish navigators also discovered the Pitcairn and Vanuatu archipelagos during their search for Terra Australis in the 17th century.
This remarkable navigational activity poses questions as to whether Spanish explorers did arrive in the Hawaiian Islands two centuries before Captain James Cook's first visit in 1778. Ruy López de Villalobos commanded a fleet of six ships that left Acapulco in 1542 with a Spanish sailor named Juan Gaetano aboard as pilot. Depending on the interpretation, Gaetano's reports seem to describe either the discovery of Hawaii or the Marshall Islands in 1555.[13] If it was Hawaii, Gaetano would have been one of the first Europeans to find the islands.
Pacific Ocean with Mauna Kea highlighted
After 1565, Urdaneta's new route allowed Manila galleons to sail regularly between Mexico and the Philippines for two and a half centuries, ending in 1815. The westward route from Mexico passed south of Hawaii, making a short stopover in Guam before heading for Manila. The exact route was kept secret to protect the Spanish trade monopoly against competing powers, and to avoid Dutch and English pirates. Due to this policy of discretion, if the Spanish did find Hawaii during their voyages, they would not have published their findings and the discovery would have remained unknown. From Gaetano's account, the Hawaiian islands were not known to have any valuable resources, so the Spanish would not have made an effort to settle them.[13] This happened in the case of the Mariana and Caroline Islands, which were not effectively settled until the second half of the 17th century. Spanish archives contain a chart that depicts islands in the latitude of Hawaii but with the longitude ten degrees east of the Islands. In this manuscript, the Island of Maui is named "La Desgraciada" (the unhappy, or unfortunate), and what appears to be the Island of Hawaii is named "La Mesa" (the table). Islands resembling Kahoolawe, Lanai, and Molokai are named "Los Monjes" (the monks).[14]
The theory that Hawaii was discovered by the Spanish is reinforced by the findings of William Ellis, a writer and missionary who lived in early 19th century Hawaii, and recorded several folk stories about foreigners who had visited Hawaii prior to first contact with Cook. According to Hawaiian writer Herb Kawainui Kane, one of these stories:
concerned seven foreigners who landed eight generations earlier at Kealakekua Bay in a painted boat with an awning or canopy over the stern. They were dressed in clothing of white and yellow, and one wore a sword at his side and a feather in his hat. On landing, they kneeled down in prayer. The Hawaiians, most helpful to those who were most helpless, received them kindly. The strangers ultimately married into the families of chiefs, but their names could not be included in genealogies".[13]
Some scholars, particularly American, have dismissed these claims as lacking credibility.[15][16] Debate continues as to whether the Hawaiian Islands were actually visited by the Spanish in the 16th century[17] with researchers like Richard W. Rogers looking for evidence of Spanish shipwrecks.[18][19]
Spanish East Indies
History of the Philippines (1521–1898)
History of the west coast of North America
Asian Mexican
Spanish treasure fleet
Battles of La Naval de Manila
Bernardo de la Torre
Pedro Cubero
María de Lajara
^ La Nao de China
^ The Drake's Cove site began its review by the National Park Service (NPS) in 1994 [1], thus starting an 18-year study of the suggested Drake sites. The first formal Nomination to mark the Nova Albion site at Drake's Cove as a National Historic Landmark was provided to NPS on January 1, 1996. As part of its review, NPS obtained independent, confidential comments from professional historians. The NPS staff concluded that the Drake's Cove site is the "most probable" [2] and "most likely" [3][4][5][6] Drake landing site. The National Park System Advisory Board Landmarks Committee sought public comments on the Port of Nova Albion Historic and Archaeological District Nomination [7] and received more than two dozen letters of support and none in opposition. At the Committee's meeting of November 9, 2011 in Washington, DC, representatives of the government of Spain, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and Congresswoman Lynn Wolsey all spoke in favor of the nomination: there was no opposition. Staff and the Drake Navigators Guild's president, Edward Von der Porten, gave the presentation. The Nomination was strongly endorsed by Committee Member Dr. James M. Allan, Archaeologist, and the Committee as a whole which approved the nomination unanimously. The National Park System Advisory Board sought further public comments on the Nomination [8]: no additional comments were received. At the Board's meeting on December 1, 2011 in Florida, the Nomination was further reviewed: the Board approved the nomination unanimously. On October 16, 2012 Secretary of the Interior Ken Salazar signed the nomination and on October 17, 2012,The Drakes Bay Historic and Archaeological District was formally announced as a new National Historic Landmark.[9]
^ Schurz 1917, p.107-108
^ Schurz, William Lytle. The Manila Galleon, 1939. P 193.
^ See Chinese treasure ship for Chinese vessels that might have been larger.
^ Guevarra, Rudy P. (2007). Mexipino: A History of Multiethnic Identity and the Formation of the Mexican and Filipino Communities of San Diego, 1900–1965. University of California, Santa Barbara. ISBN 0549122869
^ http://shipwrecks-Philippines.com
^ Hawaii National Park. (June 1959). "Hawaii Nature Notes". The Publication of the Naturalist Division, Hawaii National Park, and the Hawaii Natural History Association.
^ By Oliver, Douglas L. (1989). The Pacific Islands. University of Hawaii Press. p. 45. ISBN 0824812336
^ Coulter, John Wesley. (Jun, 1964) "Great Britain in Hawaii: The Captain Cook Monument". The Geographical Journal, Vol. 130, No. 2. doi:10.2307/1794586
^ Horwitz, Tony. (2003). Blue Latitudes: Boldly Going Where Captain Cook Has Gone Before. p.452. ISBN 0-312-42260-1
^ Rogers, Richard W. (1999). Shipwrecks of Hawaii: A Maritime History of the Big Island. Pilialoha Press
^ "Perhaps the leading authority on Hawaiian shipwrecks today", writes Peter von Buol, referring to Richard W. Rogers in the Fall 2006, Vol. 38, No. 3 issue of Prologue, published by the NARA.
Rogers, R. (1999). Shipwreck of Hawai'i: a maritime history of the Big Island. Haasdasdleiwa, Hawfasfasfaii: Piliagagasgaloha Pub. ISBN 0967346703
Schurz, William Lytle. (19217) "The Manila Galleon and California", Southwestern Historical Quarterly, Vol. 21, No. 2, pp. 107–126
Schurz, William Lytle. The Manila Galleon. New York: E. P. Dutton & Co., Inc., 1939.
in the Marianas, 1638Nuestra Senora de la ConcepcionFindings from the wreck of
Metropolitan Museum: Manila Galleon
Manila Galleons along the Californian coasts
Asociación Cultural Galeón de Manila, Spanish-Philippine research group based in Madrid (in Spanish)
Articles containing Spanish-language text
Articles containing -language text
Galleons
Spanish colonial period in the Philippines
Spanish colonization of the Americas
History of the Pacific Ocean
History of Manila
History of New Spain
Ship types
1565 establishments in Spain
1565 establishments in New Spain
1810s disestablishments in Spain
19th-century disestablishments in New Spain
16th century in the Spanish East Indies
Manila, Metro Manila, Indonesia, Australia, Malaysia
Metro Manila, Quezon City, Intramuros, Philippines, Binondo
French language, Colombia, Mexico, Nicaragua, Catalan language
Madrid, Andalusia, Portugal, European Union, Barcelona
Philippines, United States, Australia, Japan, Earth
Philippines, Mexico, Spanish empire, New Mexico, Spanish East Indies
Maritime history of California
California Gold Rush, San Francisco Bay, Salmon, Valparaiso, Sailing ship
Latin American Asian
Philippines, South America, Christianity, Spanish language, Asia
Manila, Philippines, World War II, Intramuros, Human rights
Havana, Treasure, Gold, Manila, Silver


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Top Ten Most Brutal Spelling Bee Words
The first-ever national spelling bee was held in 1925, and every year thousands of American school students partake in the spelling bee competition. School spelling bee winners usually go to the local spelling bee competition and then make it to the national spelling bee. Winning spelling bees is more than a matter of luck. Winners start studying for the contest years prior to the participation.
Needless to say, spelling bees evoke multiple emotions at once. Emotions can range from feeling tears of joy to heart-wrenching disappointment, from participation anxiety to excitement, from the time ticking away to that wait for the official pronouncer to say "YES! That is correct." Phew!
English is the language with most words. According to the Oxford Dictionary, it has approximately 200,000 words. English is a global language with rich vocabulary, and a lot of words have been borrowed from other languages. As a result, it has become quite a challenge to keep up with the new words and their spellings.
Some words are hard to spell even though it may sound easy. Remembering them amongst so many other words can be a task.
Here are some of the hardest winning words that were asked in the Scripps National Spelling Bee -
Origin: This word went from Latin to French.
Pronunciation: meel-YOO
Definition: the physical or social setting in which something occurs or develops; environment, setting.
Smaragdine
Origin: This word is from Latin.
Pronunciation: smuh-RAG-din
Definition: of or relating to emerald; yellowish green in color like an emerald.
Soubrette
Origin: This word is from a word that went from Latin to French.
Pronunciation: soo-BRET
Definition: a lady's maid in comedies who acts the part of a coquettish maidservant or frivolous young woman.
Albumen
Pronunciation: al-BYOO-mun
Definition: the white of an egg.
Eudaemonic
Origin: This word is from Greek.
Pronunciation: yoo-dee-MAHN-ik
Definition: producing happiness; based on the idea of happiness as the proper end of conduct.
Chiaroscurist
Origin: This word came from Italian, which formed it from a Latin word.
Pronunciation: kyahr-uh-SKYUR-ist
Definition: an artist who uses the arrangement or treatment of the light and dark parts in a pictorial work of art.
Pronunciation: ah-TAHK-thuh-nus
Definition: indigenous, native, aboriginal—used especially of floras and faunas.
Insouciant
Origin: This word is from French word.
Pronunciation: in-SOO-see-unt
Definition: exhibiting or characterized by freedom from concern or care.
Origin: The first part of this word went from Greek to Latin to French, and the second part is originally Greek.
Part of speech: plural noun
Pronunciation: staf-uh-loh-KAHK-sahy
Definition: a genus of non-motile spherical eubacteria that occur singly, in pairs or tetrads and comprise a few parasites of skin and mucous membranes.
Origin: This word is from French.
Pronunciation: foo-LARD
Definition: a lightweight plain-woven or twilled silk usually printed with a small neat evenly spaced pattern.
98thPercentile is back with Spell Kahoot 3.0
Spell Kahoot 3.0 is a Kahoot-based Spelling Bee competition. It would be held on January 29-30, 2022 for students of Grades 1-6. This competition is an opportunity for students across the country to participate in the FREE Spelling Bee challenge.
If your child is someone who loves playing with words and spellings then don't miss out our upcoming event Spell Kahoot 3.0. After a huge success of Spell Kahoot and Spell Kahoot 2.0, we are back with our most loved event again.
Students from Grades 1-6 can participate in the Spell Kahoot 3.0. The tone and level of the competition is set according to the grade levels. Prizes and scholarship worth $1000 are awarded for the winner in each category. To know more about our event, visit here - Register for the Spell Kahoot 3.0 event TODAY!

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Why "Coworking" Won't Exist In 15 Years
May 7, 2018 by Ben Nachoom 1 Comment
Over the next few years, the concept of coworking will become so ubiquitous that the word "cowork" may no longer exist. In 2033, when Freddie from HR at Deloitte says he's going to the office, what he will be referring to is a coworking but there's no need to say that, everyone already knows. Of course 'the office' he refers to is a communal and shared workspace with well-being rooms, healthy delivered lunches, weekly afterwork networking drinks, beautifully designed meeting rooms and bathrooms with funky wallpaper. This is what all his friends' offices look like, his girlfriend's and his Dad's too. Even his niece's internship is in a place that looks like this. But why will all workspaces in 15 years time be what we now know as coworkings? There are 6 compelling reasons.
Disclaimer: It's needless to say that not every single office space in the world will be a coworking; some headquarters, for example, are likely to remain as they are. However, the point is that the coworking concept will no longer be an anomaly, it will be very normal, perhaps even the norm.
1. Productivity
Coworkings increase productivity. That is no longer an educated guess; the research has been done and the results are in. Not only do people FEEL more productive when working in coworking spaces but companies are reporting an increase in profits since incorporating coworking into their office space options for employees. According to Deskmag's Annual Global Coworking Survey, 71% of those surveyed said they were more creative since joining a coworking space, 62% said their standard of work had improved, 68% they were more focused and 64% said they could better complete tasks on time. Similarly, OfficeVibe's 2017 infographic reported similar results; 68% said they had better focus when working in a cowork space. Pretty remarkable percentages!
One possible reason for the increase in productivity? Increased health among people that work from coworkings in comparison to those that don't. Deskmag's 2017 Global Coworking Survey Canada found that members of coworking spaces reported less back or neck pain, fewer headaches and less overall stress levels than non-members. And nope, these results weren't dependant on the younger average age present in coworks.
2. Aesthetic Benefits
Humans are affected by their surroundings. One of the big differences between coworking spaces and regular offices is the attention to design. To emphasise this point, here at OneCoWork, we have full-time interior designers whose sole job is to make sure, with the utmost scrutiny, that the interiors of our workspaces maximise the experience, the comfort and the productivity of the community. Did you know that people feel more innovative when ceilings stand at 10ft or more and that those who work in spaces with greenery and/or natural features report a 15% higher level of well-being, 6% more productive and 15% more creative? Cowork spaces dedicate time to researching the science behind design and apply it with meticulous detail in order to get the most out of their members.
3. Networking
I just ate a chicken and salad tortilla wrap for lunch. Who did I eat my delicious chicken wrap with? I ate it with a full stack software engineer, a freelance personal trainer, a lawyer, an interior designer, a freelance Spanish teacher and a life coach. What did we talk about? The development of artificial intelligence. Can you imagine how interesting a conversation was about artificial intelligence from the point of view of so many people from such different backgrounds?
Networking is the key to new collaborations, new clients and new ideas. Deskmag's 2017 Global Coworking Survey found that 71% of members collaborated with other members, 11% of which was forming a new company or business.
Many of the bigger corporations are beginning to (and those that aren't definitely should) utilise the organically curated inter-industry connections that a coworking has to offer.
Humans are social by nature and we function at optimum level when we feel like we are part of a community. I personally feel it. I feel happier, more productive, more positive, more energetic and even more empathetic, compassionate and giving when I have meaningful interactions with a variety of people throughout my day. Other than my own intrinsic experience, there are actually hard facts; the effects of lack of social interaction are well known (see here, here and here).
5. The Startup Effect
I have no doubt major corporations will make the transition to coworking in the coming years, some already are; the likes of Twitter, Google, Microsoft, Amazon, IBM and KPMG to name but a few. Why? One reason being because people become more like those they spend time around; 'The Startup Effect' I'll call this. Let me explain.
What many large corporations could benefit from is an agile approach to project management and decision making. This approach is made harder once scaled to the size of some major corporations, so many of them lose sight of it. What do I mean by an agile approach? The ability to make decisions quickly and easily and the ability to manage a project using the division of tasks into short phases of work with frequent reassessment of the original plan. What types of companies apply agile flawlessly? Startups. Where do many startups now work from? Coworks.
Do you see where this is going? If large corporations spend more time working around and interacting with very agile acting startups, their 'agileness' will rub off and therefore in turn making the corporations more agile in their approach to their work. I'm not crazy in thinking this transference of skills is likely, look at these findings: Andrew A.G. Mattar and Paul L. Gribble carried out experiments that found when we observe the actions of others, we activate the same neural circuitry responsible for planning and executing our own actions. In other words, we learn through observation.
Humans are extraordinary at imitation. We are master imitators and it is because of this that it is in the benefit of corporate companies to work in close proximity to smaller startups in order to become more agile in their operations.
Last but definitely not least, the talent available in coworking spaces is unparalleled. The first type of talent I'm referring to is from the partnerships some coworking spaces have with highly specialised and prestigious universities. OneCoWork's knowledge partner, Harbour Space, supplies many of our Members with highly skilled students undergoing training in software development, data science, UX Design and Fintech. This direct access to this source of talent is truly unique to cowork spaces and is a huge pull factor for startups and large corporations alike.
The second type of talent acquisition is exterior talent. Companies need to offer the most talented, the most in-demand people something different, something they can't get elsewhere to encourage them to work for them over someone else. A coworking is a hugely attractive benefit a company can offer their employees. It is for this reason that a cowork space can be an irresistible magnet for highly reputable talent.
The future of "coworking" isn't looking good but the future of communal work spaces with inspirational design, kitchens equipped with unlimited tea and coffee, lounge areas flooded with natural light, book exchanges found at the top of strategically designed staircases, weekly networking events and, last but definitely not least, bathrooms with funky wallpapers? The future is bright!
Ben Nachoom is cofounder of OneCoWork, an award-winning, Barcelona based coworking space. He and his team are currently in the process of opening OneCoWork's second space, a 6 storey building, right in the heart of Barcelona, Plaça Catalunya.
Mention BARCINNO and receive an exclusive discount on your OneCoWork membership!
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About Ben Nachoom
Ben Nachoom is cofounder of OneCoWork, an award-winning, Barcelona based coworking space. He and his team are currently in the process of opening OneCoWork's second space, a 6 storey building, right in the heart of Barcelona, Plaça Catalunya.
Hubert Grealish says
True that!
Also slightly reiterating on the work joys of bridging the gap between productivity and contentment in the workplace, I would add the role of 'serendipity' is powerful as well.
some of the great solutions and ideas come from the odd coffee or chat with a friend or of course a cowork buddy.
Hope we can continue to learn and grow in 'community as well as cash'!
Hubert 🙂


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About ptommey
So far ptommey has created 14 blog entries.
20 Suffragists To Know for 2020
Link to the Full Story at NPS
These individuals fought for women's suffrage. They lived across the United States, and came from around the world. Some were active in the battle for women's right to vote in the early 1800s; others worked to educate and enroll voters and for voting rights into the late 1900s and beyond. Men and women, young and old, you may know some of them for other parts of their histories. Some you may never have heard of before.
We invite you to explore the stories of women's access to the vote across America, through the histories of these 20 people who were among those who made it possible. Looking for more histories of suffragists?
ptommey2019-05-28T10:55:56-05:00May 23rd, 2019|Suffrage Centennial|
105 Years of Women's Suffrage in California
Link to the Full Story at Berkeley Library – UC
It's hard to imagine that less than 100 years ago, all women did not have the right to vote in the United States. Many students across the nation now memorize the infamous 19th Amendment, passed in 1920, as granting American women the right to vote. But in fact many women to the west of the Mississippi had gained the right to vote long before their East Coast sisters joined them in 1920. At the beginning of 1920, women had already achieved full equality in suffrage in 15 states, and partial suffrage in another 20, leaving only 12 states where women were completely left out of the voting process. Indeed, here in California, women have had the right to vote since 1911, when the Golden State joined a total of five other Western states in granting women the full right to vote in all elections.
Women vote for President… why not in California? [broadside]
California was not the first state to give women the right to vote. That title belongs to Wyoming, which granted full suffrage to its citizens in 1869 while still a territory. Wyoming was followed by the likes of Utah, Colorado, and Idaho, all giving women the right to vote in the 19th century. California had also attempted to pass equal suffrage before the turn of the century but the motion failed. Today the Bay Area is considered a progressive stronghold but in 1896 it was actually San Francisco and Alameda counties that crippled the suffrage attempt that year. Strong business interests, particularly the producers and sellers of alcohol, virulently opposed female suffrage, convinced that women with their conservative mindsets would vote for prohibition. All hope was not lost, however, and Californian suffragettes and their allies would try again 15 years later.
With the memory of defeat ever present, California suffragettes implemented a new strategy when the topic of equal suffrage came up for a vote once more. Recalling that business had a strong hold on the state's major cities, supporters of equal suffrage targeted voters in rural and southern California. To get the word out they used traditional tactics such as handing out more than 90,000 "Votes for Women" buttons and distributing three million pieces of promotional literature across southern California alone. But the suffragettes did more than put up posters and hand out buttons. They also pasted their message on billboards and often used electric signs, relaying their message with a spark.
Equal Suffrage League of San Francisco (ribbon)
October 10, 1911, was the day of reckoning in which allies of equal suffrage would see if their efforts bore fruit. Again both San Francisco and Alameda counties voted down the measure, and suffrage passed by just a hair in Los Angeles, to the dismay of many suffragettes. But all was not lost, and the tide began to turn as votes from California's rural districts were tallied. When the final tally was made, equal suffrage had just barely come out on top with a miraculously small margin of just 3,587 votes, out of a total 246,487 ballots cast.
Today in California 73% of eligible adults are registered to vote, but just 43% of those adults turned out for the November 2014 election, a record low. This is a significant decrease from 2012 in which 72% of registered voters turned out to the polls.
One-hundred five years ago, fewer than 4,000 people were pivotal in changing the course of California history. Had they not voted, women in California might have had to wait another nine years to have their voices heard. To the women in California in 1911, a handful of votes were essential in advancing civil rights for thousands, proving that your vote truly does matter.
Check out the collection here: https://calisphere.org/collections/11601/
ptommey2019-05-28T10:48:56-05:00April 28th, 2019|Suffrage Centennial|
Tea With Alice and Me Comes to Long Beach
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE: February 20, 2018
Zoe Nicholson to perform Tea with Alice and Me in her own town.
Beverly O'Neill Theater, 300 E Ocean Blvd, Long Beach CA
Hosted by Second District Councilwoman, Jeannine Pearce
One of the places that the suffrage movement helped to open to women—we always had a little tearoom always at our headquarters where most newspaper people used to come. The people that were doing the press for us were headed by Mrs. Florence Boeckel. They formed this Women's Press Club, which now exists. It was formed there in our little tea house.
Miss Alice Paul
Wild West Women takes Tea with Alice and Me to Long Beach, CA; to one of the most prestigious and lovely theaters in Southern California, The Beverly O"Neill. Located in the Long Beach Convention complex, this intimate theather is celebrated with plays and operas. Hosted by Councilwoman, Jeannine Pearce, in celebration of Women's History Month.
This multi-media one-woman stage presentation features Alice Paul scholar, Zoe Nicholson. With a backdrop of hundreds of photographs and newspaper clippings, Zoe tells the story of the great teacher of Nonviolent Direct Action and the incendiary thread of tea in the American Women's Revolution; Seneca Falls: 1848 to Washington DC 2018. Zoe will dramatically and accessibly reveal the Alice Paul few know about, and share Paul's tools for activism and how Zoe herself was ignited into activism.
Suffragist Miss Alice Paul was the first to bring non-violent, direct action to America, ten years before Gandhi and decades before Martin Luther King. She was the first to organize a march to the White House, leader of the activist branch of women's suffrage movement, a picket who was forced fed. Author of the Era, and worker for Women's Rights until her death at age 92! Her tactics, philosophy and experiences give us tools today for our own activism, righteous indignation, and passion to build a torch, light it, and carry it for Equality.
Beverly O"Neill Theater
The performance concludes with a Q & A
Tea Reception with book signing
ptommey2019-07-01T13:02:02-05:00February 20th, 2018|News Stories, Projects|
Tea With Alice and Me to Premiere January 7, 2018
Suffragist, Activist, ALICE PAUL'S life and work presented in solo performance
With Zoe Nicholson, writer, scholar, for one day only, January 7, 2018
Alice Paul inspired "women not to give up, making them share her conviction that the political equality of women "is worth sacrificing everything for, leisure, money, reputation, and even our lives" (Jeremy McCarter, Young Radicals)
TEA WITH ALICE AND ME premieres on Sunday, January 7, 2018, 2 pm in the West Hollywood City Council Chambers, 625 N. San Vicente, West Hollywood, CA 90069. Begin the New Year with the experiences of one who was un-daunted by challenges and defeats–to winning Women suffrage, 1920, and beyond.
Suffragist ALICE PAUL was the first to bring non-violent, direct action to America, 10 years before Gandhi and MLK; leader of the activist branch of women's suffrage movement, a picket who was forced fed, to win the vote in 1920. Author of the Era, and worker for Women's Rights until her death at age 92! Her tactics, philosophy and experiences give us tools today for our own activism, righteous indignation, and passion to build a torch, light it, and carry it for Equality.
*Co-Sponsored by the City of West Hollywood,
*The performance includes a Q and A and a tea reception.
*Parking is free with validation at the site.
*Tickets: Eventbrite
ptommey2018-02-20T18:00:37-06:00December 21st, 2017|Projects|


Tell students that they're going to be talking about when searching for information can be quick and easy and when it needs to be a more involved process. Ask them to brainstorm some questions they have in daily life – everything from "what's for lunch?" to "what's happening at school?" to "why is the sky blue?" Ask them which questions they think would be easy to answer, and which would be more difficult.
Hand out the Easy Answers? worksheet and have students pair up to find answers. (If you're short on time, have them answer only the first or second pair of questions instead of all four.) Students should share their answers either using a Poll Everywhere interactive word cloud (the site has instructions on how to set up this easy tool), or by writing them on index cards.
When students have shared their answers, look for trends. You should see relatively few and overlapping answers for questions 1 and 3, but more variety for questions 2 and 4. Explain that this is because these are fundamentally very different types of questions. Questions 1 and 3 are simple and straightforward, sometimes called thin or supporting questions. Questions 2 and 4 are more complicated to answer, sometimes called thick or compelling questions.
Watch the "Quick Skim or Deep Dive?" explainer video and review the accompanying tipsheet graphic to help students further understand the different types of questions.
Tell students it's time for them to practice generating their own thick and thin questions and doing their own quick skims and deep dives. Distribute the worksheet and have students work either individually or in pairs to complete it. They will also need access to the internet to review the News or Noise? media map and conduct their research. Depending on students' level, you may ask all students to work on the same map topic and start the question brainstorming process as a group to ensure comprehension.
Have students share their answers and discuss their process, then use the questions below to continue the conversation.
What would happen if you were doing a research project and only asked thin questions? Thick questions?
What would happen if a reporter asks only thin questions? Thick questions?
How does the adage "strength in numbers" apply to research?
How can you tell when you've done enough research to answer a thick question?
Is the Google "Answer Box" a reliable source of answers for thin questions? Why or why not? Can you tell how it is generated?
Define Wikipedia and discuss why it may be both a useful and a problematic tool. Have students analyze example pages about topics they care about, ranging from things like video games to world issues or events. Then collaborate on making a class Wikipedia page about a selected topic — either a real page following the official Wikipedia instructions or a simulation) — and dissect the process and outcome. Would your resulting page help answer thin questions? What about thick questions? Was it created using more quick skims or deep dives?