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Many individuals choose to use a money deflation, notably individuals who want to save. Despite the criticism and skepticism, a cryptocurrency coin may be better suited for some applications than others. Financial privacy, for instance, is excellent for political activists, but more problematic as it pertains to political campaign financing. We need a stable cryptocurrency for use in commerce; in case you are living paycheck to paycheck, it'd take place as part of your wealth, with the remainder allowed for other currencies.
Ethereum is an unbelievable cryptocurrency platform, nevertheless, if growth is too quickly, there may be some difficulties. If the platform is adopted fast, Ethereum requests could rise dramatically, and at a rate that surpasses the rate with which the miners can create new coins. Under a situation like this, the entire stage of Ethereum could become destabilized because of the raising costs of running distributed programs. In turn, this could dampen interest Ethereum stage and ether. Uncertainty of demand for ether can result in an adverse change in the economical parameters of an Ethereum based business that could result in business being unable to continue to manage or to cease operation.
For most users of cryptocurrencies it's not essential to comprehend how the process functions in and of itself, but it is essentially important to comprehend that there is a process of mining to create virtual currency. Unlike currencies as we understand them now where Governments and banks can simply choose to print endless numbers (I 'm not saying they're doing thus, just one point), cryptocurrencies to be managed by users using a mining software, which solves the sophisticated algorithms to release blocks of currencies that can enter into circulation.
The physical Internet backbone that carries data between the different nodes of the network has become the work of several companies called Internet service providers (ISPs), including companies that provide long distance pipelines, sometimes at the international level, regional local conduit, which finally connects in households and businesses. The physical connection to the Internet can only occur through any of these ISPs, players like level 3, Cogent, and IBM AT&T. Each ISP operates its own network. Internet service providers Exchange IXPs, owned or private firms, and sometimes by Authorities, make for each of these networks to be interconnected or to move messages across the network. Many ISPs have agreements with providers of physical Internet backbone providers to offer Internet service over their networks for "last mile"-consumers and businesses who want to get Internet connectivity. Internet protocols, followed by everyone in the network causes it to be possible for the data to flow without interruption, in the correct place at the right time.
While none of these organizations "owns" the Internet together these firms determine how it functions, and established rules and standards that everyone stays. Contracts and legal framework that underlies all that's occurring to discover how things work and what happens if something bad happens. To get a domain name, for example, one needs consent from a Registrar, which has a contract with ICANN. To connect to the Internet, your ISP must be physical contracts with providers of Internet backbone services, and suppliers have contracts with IXPs from the Internet backbone to attach to and with her. Concern over security dilemmas? A working group is formed to focus on the issue and the alternative developed and deployed is in the interest of most parties. If the Internet is down, you've got someone to phone to get it fixed. If the issue is from your ISP, they in turn have contracts in place and service level agreements, which govern the manner in which these issues are solved.
The advantage of cryptocurrency is that it uses blockchain technology. The network of nodes the make up the blockchain isn't governed by any centered company. No one can tell the miners to upgrade, speed up, slow down, stop or do anything. And that's something that as a dedicated promoter badge of honor, and is identical to the way the Internet functions. But as you understand now, public Internet governance, normalities and rules that govern how it works current built-in problems to the consumer. Blockchain technology has none of that.
You have probably heard this often where you frequently spread the great word about crypto. "It is not volatile? What happens when the price failures? " So far, many POS programs offers free transformation of fiat, relieving some problem, but until the volatility cryptocurrencies is resolved, many people is likely to be hesitant to hold any. We have to find a way to combat the volatility that's inherent in cryptocurrencies.
It should be hard to get more small increases (~ 10%) throughout the day. Study the way to read these Candlestick charts! And I discovered these two rules to be true: having modest increases is more profitable than attempting to fight up to the peak. Most day traders follow Candlestick, therefore it is better to examine books than wait for order confirmation when you believe the cost is going down. Secondly, there is more unpredictability and compensation in monies that haven't made it to the profitableness of websites like Coinwarz.
It is certainly possible, but it must be able to understand opportunities no matter marketplace behavior. The market moves in relation to price BTC … So even supposing it's in a BTC tendency down can make money by purchasing the altcoins which are altcoin oversold trading ratios-BTC. Sure, your purchasing power in DOLLARS may be lower, but as long as your purchasing power in BTC is still growing you will be acceptable.
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Cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin, LiteCoin, Ether, YOCoin, and many others have already been designed as a non-fiat currency. Put simply, its backers assert that there's "real" value, even through there is absolutely no physical representation of that value. The value increases due to computing power, that's, is the only way to create new coins distributed by allocating CPU power via computer programs called miners. Miners create a block after a time frame that is worth an ever decreasing amount of money or some form of benefit to be able to ensure the shortfall. Each coin includes many smaller units. For Bitcoin, each component is called a satoshi. Once created, each Bitcoin (or 100 million satoshis) exists as a cipher, that is part of the block that gave rise to it. The one who has mined the coin holds the address, and transfers it to some value is supplied by another address, which is a "wallet" file saved on a computer. The blockchain is where the public record of trades dwells.
The fact that there's little evidence of any growth in using virtual money as a currency may be the reason there are minimal efforts to control it. The reason for this could be just that the market is too small for cryptocurrencies to justify any regulatory attempt. It truly is also possible the regulators just do not understand the technology and its consequences, expecting any developments to act.
The beauty of the cryptocurrencies is that fraud was proved an impossibility: because of the character of the protocol by which it is transacted. All transactions on a crypto-currency blockchain are permanent. When you're paid, you get paid. This isn't something shortterm wherever your web visitors may challenge or need a concessions, or use unethical sleight of hand. In-practice, most merchants would be smart to utilize a fee processor, because of the permanent character of crypto-currency dealings, you have to ensure that protection is tough. With any type of crypto-currency whether a bitcoin, ether, litecoin, or the numerous other altcoins, thieves and hackers could potentially access your individual tips and therefore grab your cash. However, you almost certainly will never get it back. It's quite crucial for you really to undertake some great safe and sound practices when working with any cryptocurrency. Doing so will guard you from many of these bad functions.
Here is the coolest thing about cryptocurrencies; they usually do not physically exist anywhere, not even on a hard drive. When you examine a particular address for a wallet containing a cryptocurrency, there is no digital information held in it, like in exactly the same manner that a bank could hold dollars in a bank account. It is only a representation of value, but there isn't any real palpable form of that value. Cryptocurrency wallets may not be confiscated or immobilized or audited by the banks and the law. They do not have spending limits and withdrawal restrictions imposed on them. No one but the person who owns the crypto wallet can determine how their wealth will be managed.
Mining cryptocurrencies is how new coins are put in circulation. Because there is no government control and crypto coins are digital, they cannot be printed or minted to create more. The mining process is what creates more of the coin. It may be useful to think about the mining as joining a lottery group, the pros and cons are exactly the same. Mining crypto coins means you'll really get to keep the total benefits of your efforts, but this reduces your odds of being successful. Instead, joining a pool means that, overall, members are going to have higher possibility of solving a block, but the benefit will be divided between all members of the pool, predicated on the amount of "shares" won.
If you're thinking about going it alone, it's worth noting that the applications settings for solo mining can be more complex than with a pool, and beginners would be likely better take the latter route. This option also creates a secure flow of revenue, even if each payment is modest compared to completely block the wages.
In the event of the fully functioning cryptocurrency, it may also be exchanged like a commodity. Advocates of cryptocurrencies announce that form of electronic cash is not governed by a main bank system and is not therefore susceptible to the whims of its inflation. Because there are always a minimal quantity of items, this moneyis worth is founded on market forces, letting homeowners to business over cryptocurrency exchanges.
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Just a fraction of bitcoins issued so far can be found on the exchange markets. Bitcoin markets are competitive, meaning the cost a bitcoin will rise or fall depending on supply and demand. Many people hoard them for long term savings and investment. This limits the variety of bitcoins that are really circulating in the exchanges. Moreover, new bitcoins will continue to be issued for decades to come. Therefore, even the most diligent buyer couldn't buy all existing bitcoins. This scenario isn't to imply that markets are not vulnerable to price exploitation, yet there is certainly no requirement for big amounts of cash to transfer market prices up or down. The smallest events on the planet economy can affect the cost of Bitcoin, This can make Bitcoin and any other cryptocurrency explosive.
This mining action validates and records the trades across the whole network. So if you are trying to do something prohibited, it isn't wise because everything is recorded in the public register for the remainder of the world to see eternally.
Bitcoin is the main cryptocurrency of the web: a digital money standard by which all other coins are compared to. Cryptocurrencies are distributed, global, and decentralized. Unlike traditional fiat currencies, there is no governments, banks, or some other regulatory agencies. As such, it's more immune to crazy inflation and tainted banks. The benefits of using cryptocurrencies as your method of transacting cash online outweigh the protection and privacy hazards. Security and seclusion can easily be reached by just being intelligent, and following some basic guidelines. You'dn't put your entire bank ledger online for the word to see, but my nature, your cryptocurrency ledger is publicized. This can be fixed by removing any identity of ownership from your wallets and therefore keeping you anonymous.
Since one of the oldest forms of making money is in cash financing, it truly is a fact you could do this with cryptocurrency. Most of the lending websites now focus on Bitcoin, some of those websites you happen to be required fill in a captcha after a certain time period and are rewarded with a small amount of coins for seeing them. It is possible to see the www.cryptofunds.co site to find some lists of of these websites to tap into the money of your choice. Unlike forex, stocks and options, etc., altcoin marketplaces have very different dynamics. New ones are constantly popping up which means they don't have a lot of market data and historical view for you to backtest against. Most altcoins have rather poor liquidity as well and it is hard to develop a fair investment strategy.
Cryptocurrency is freeing individuals to transact money and do business on their terms. Each user can send and receive payments in a similar way, but in addition they participate in more elaborate smart contracts. Multiple signatures allow a trade to be supported by the network, but where a certain number of a defined group of people consent to sign the deal, blockchain technology makes this possible. This permits advanced dispute mediation services to be developed in the foreseeable future. These services could allow a third party to approve or reject a trade in the event of disagreement between the other parties without checking their money. Unlike cash and other payment methods, the blockchain constantly leaves public evidence that a transaction occurred. This can be possibly used within an appeal against companies with deceptive practices.


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Is FACEBOOK Ending??
end of facebook, facebook, facebook ending, facebook fanpage, fan, fanpage, fans, following on facebook, friends, how to gain followers, myspace, page, sharon cummings, sharon cummings fanpage, social media, social media marketing
I've read some reports that Facebook would be ending on March 15th or May 15th depending on which bogus site you happen to stumble upon. While other sites refrain from giving an exact date, they go on in length about why interest is declining on the site and it's inevitable demise. They liken it to MySpace.
Do you remember MySpace? I sure do. It was my first foray into the world of Social Media and I met a lot of really great people there. Friends who have followed me to Facebook. Do I believe Facebook will end? Absolutely! Everything trendy/social seems to have a lifespan. Over time people get bored with the same ol' same ol'. We always want something NEW…the latest and GREATEST! Just look at cell phones. A new improved model comes out yearly now.
While a social media site takes longer to "wear out"….it surely will. I imagine someday Facebook will be a place you go to say high to your Grandmother. But I also know that my friends and fans will follow me to the next Social Media adventure. 🙂
For now keep track of what I am doing on FACEBOOK before it ends! Like my page now. 🙂
https://www.facebook.com/SharonCummingsArtTerraceGallery?ref=hl
3 thoughts on "Is FACEBOOK Ending??"
wpcphoto said:
Reblogged this on william patrick photo and commented:
Is FACEBOOK Ending??………………………….#facebook #socialmedia #facebookending
Blog do Óbvio - Manoel said:
Sharon, very interesting notice but i prefer go to your facebook page.
Manoel – from Brazil
sharoncummings said:
Happy to see you there!
Seagulls At Dusk…
Love It's Always Been You…
Full Color Love!
Give Art Not Candy…
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"To Win a Happy Community Destiny": The Dedication of Los Angeles City Hall, 26-28 April 1928
The dedication of Los Angeles City Hall over ninety years ago was a reflection of the rhetoric of the body politic in a metropolis that underwent tremendous transformations over the course of decades in ways that few cities in the country could match. The structure, exempt from the eleven-story height limit imposed to prevent the forest of skyscrapers that would mar the aesthetics of downtown, rose over 450 feet above Main Street on a site measuring 800 by 400 feet with over a half million square feet of usable floor space and cost nearly 5 million dollars.
It was a mirror of the ambitions of political and business leaders in the City of Angels, who were brimming with confidence in their ability to continue the relentless growth of the city and region and there is no better statement of these aims and attributes than tonight's highlighted object from the Museum's collection, the official souvenir program for the three-day dedication, which took place from 26-28 April 1928.
The festivities began with a morning parade on the first day, followed by a luncheon at the Biltmore Hotel, opened several years earlier next to Pershing Square. In the mid-afternoon, Mayor George Cryer, who was nearing the end of an administration that spanned nearly the entire 1920s, and his wife held a reception for visiting executives from other cities in the state and guests at the new edifice.
A thirty-minute period of band concerts was followed by an event titled "The Dedication" and organized under the leadership of film executive Joseph M. Schenck. It was composed of a flag rising; singing of "The Star Spangled Banner;" the presentation of the key to the building by Board of Public Works President Arthur Eldridge to Cryer; the mayor's address; a "response" by his counterpart from San Francisco, James Rolph, Jr.; a "Historical Pageantry" directed by theater impresario Sid Grauman, and a choral rendition of "America."
After a "retreat" by the San Diego Army and Navy Academy, three hours of music were provided by "visiting bands." At 7 p.m., George Eastman, president of the Los Angeles Chamber of Commerce, was introduced for the dedication of the Lindbergh Beacon, a light placed atop the structure and dedicated to the aviator who flew solo across the Atlantic in May 1927. Another rendition of "America" led to the lighting of the building and the opening of the doors for the first time for public viewing.
Over the next two days, the 27th and 28th, the city hall was open for "inspection . . . by the public" and, on the evening of that final day, a historical pageant and parade was offered by the Native Sons of the Golden West and the Native Daughters of the Golden West, followed after a half-hour by a "Passing of the Flags" overseen by the head of the Native Sons.
The program's "In Dedication!" page pulled out all the stops when it came to purple prose of praise for the building and warrants some lengthy quoting, starting with its opening words:
The Spirit of the dedication of this white monumental monolith which is the new City Hall is the spirit of Los Angeles—the spirit of a forward-looking people, determined to win a happy community Destiny. This monument symbolizes the soul of a struggling, fighting, building people, never knowing defeat and always climbing upward . . .
The city hall was deemed "a truly great edifice, symbolical of unyielding strength" and dedicated to many including "its builders, those who planned and those who builded [built]" as well as "to those hardy pioneers of another say who set their faces resolutely westward, with oxen and covered wagons . . . and fighting their way undaunted by danger and hardship, until they had traversed plains and mountains, deserts and forests, and came here to build a home."
While the site was also dedicated to Governor Felipe de Neve, "who arrived here on September 4th, 1781, with eleven families—our first pioneers" and who "supplanted the ancient Indian village of Yang-na," it was also dedicated
to the men of action who aroused the drowsing pueblo from its peaceful laziness, said "Let us build here a city!" and created a surge of ambition that in the brief span of three-quarters of a century the little town of 1600 souls became a mighty metropolis of nearly one and one-half millions of people.
Further honored were "those men who relentlessly urged onward the tide of progress, even when it seemed to be at top speed, the men who could not be satisfied." Not to be forgotten were "loyal public officials who have served the City only to make it a greater city, who forgot personal aims to strive for civic betterment and for progress and prosperity for a community."
Finally, however, the city hall was for "the citizens of Los Angeles today—the citizens who demonstrated their civic pride in voting the moneys with which to build this building as an expression of community faith and to the citizens who will use it during many decades to come." With these expressions of abundant enthusiasm, the structure was dedicated "in Faith, Determination, Progress and Justice!"
A history of previous city halls was provided, but not before a quote was reprinted that was attributed to Pío Pico, the last governor of Mexican California, as he spoke to the asemblea or legislature in its last session in 1846 as the American invasion loomed:
We find ourselves threatened by hordes of Yankee immigrants who have already begun to flock into our country and whose progress we cannot arrest . . . Whatever that astonishing people will next undertake I cannot say, but on whatever enterprise they embark they will be sure to be successful.
The admixture of a strange brew of historical memory, myth and messaging continued with the statement that the structure was "set in the heart of the historic district where once the Alcades of the Californians and the Mexican, Spanish and American military lords once held sway" and that it also "links the City of Los Angeles with its memorable and romantic origins." The claim was that the decision in the early 1910s to choose the site for the complex "was made toward the preservation of our early California traditions," though how exactly is not clear.
It was stated in the "Municipal Homes" page that there was no established city hall until 1853 when "the city and county governments joined interests in the purchase of the old Antonio Jose Rocha adobe home at Franklin and Spring Streets, just across the street from the new City Hall." Notably, the purchase of the property was from Jonathan Temple. It was added that "this house, with the addition of a brick jail [actually, the first floor, used by the city, was adobe and the second, used by the county, was brick] and jail yard in the rear, served the City until 1884."
The adobe also was the courthouse for several years during the Fifties, yet it is not mentioned that city offices were also briefly in the Market House, built by Jonathan Temple in 1859 in what was apparently a copy of Boston's famed Fanueil Hall, and known as the Courthouse after it was leased from Temple by the city and county for that purpose from the early 1860s.
There were plenty of occasions between the early 1850s and the mid-1880s in which calls for a proper city hall were made, even as Los Angeles underwent its first significant and sustained period of growth after the Civil War and lasting for nearly a decade. But the woefully inadequate Rocha Adobe continued to be used until a two-story brick building was constructed at the northwest corner of Spring and Second streets for a new city hall and which structure still stood in 1928 and is now part of the Los Angeles Times complex.
The year after this new civic building was finished, though, the direct transcontinental railroad line to the city built by the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe ushered in the Boom of the 1880s, although what the publication trumpeted was the completion of the Southern Pacific line to the city from the Bay area a decade earlier. In any case, it didn't take long for the city hall to be determined lacking and a new facility was built on the east side of Fort Street, so named Broadway, between Second and Third streets.
The sandstone Romanesque building was deemed "a proud structure for the 'eighties," but it was observed that "its abandonment will mark the passing of the outstanding landmark of the most important and interesting epoch in the City's history," this presumably being the untrammeled growth of Los Angeles in the preceding four decades.
Now, this section concluded, "the municipal home of the City of Los Angeles now returns to the cradle of its historical setting; returning almost, in fact, to the exact location where it was first established seventy-eight years ago following the American occupation. A series of photographs under the heading of "The Grandeur of Early Days" shows the Rocha Adobe as it looked in the 1880s, the 1884 city hall, the 1889 complex, and "the site of the new City Hall in the 'sixties."
This latter view actually doesn't quite show the entirety of the City Hall site and, again, city offices, as well as county ones, were also in the Market House/Courthouse from the early Sixties onward. To the left of the two-story brick structure, the second floor of which was originally and briefly the first true theater in the city, the Temple Theater, is the 1857 two-story brick Temple Block.
Outside the photo to the left, Temple's brother, F.P.F., added three more buildings to the block, including the one at the then-intersection of Main, Spring and Temple streets where the Temple and Workman bank was situated. The Market House was torn down after a new courthouse was built in 1889 and the Temple Block remained standing until 1926, when the complex was razed for the city hall construction project.
As demolition took place, F.P.F. Temple's son Walter, owner of the Homestead, acquired some bricks and the vault doors (these weren't from the Temple and Workman bank, but from the Los Angeles County Bank which took over the quarters) from the bank space to use to build the Tepee office next to La Casa Nueva, in the basement of which the vault doors were placed.
A page is devoted to Cryer, giving a brief biographical sketch of the mayor, of whom it was said that "the new municipal home is the result of his efforts." This is followed by a view of the newly finished city hall and several shots of its entrances and interior. Pages contain photos of the members of the Board of Public Works and of the City Council, whose president was William Bonelli, discussed in yesterday's post.
It should be added that Boyle Workman, whose father William Henry Workman (nephew of Homestead founders William and Nicolasa Workman) was mayor during the great boom in 1887-88, was city council president for a few years of the eight years from 1919 to 1927 that he served on that body.
Some text under the Board of Public Works photos states that "today, on every hand expressions say heard of the efficient planning and the sincerity of construction of the City Hall." Moreover, it was averred that the two year project involved the fact that "no question has been raised concerning any breach of public trust" and with no major delays, while the cost was below the $5 million voted for it.
A descriptive essay of the building begins with another paean to the project:
The new Los Angeles City Hall stands like a glistening white monolith—a monument in 1928 to the growth and community development of the last decade which has focused the attention of the world upon this city. A record has been set in city-community building that is not paralleled in the world's modern history. For a century, at least, this edifice will stand as a marker for the municipal achievements of this period.
Interestingly, it was asserted that "there is no particularly style of architecture about the new municipal home; it is modern American; no attempt was made to follow the lines of any past or present master builder." The architects were John C. Austin, Albert C. Martin and John Parkinson, prominent among the city's fraternity of building designers and the height of the building, its surmounting tower, and the Lindbergh Beacon "that will blaze the way for future aerial travelers," though it was soon shut off as distracting to planes was also highlighted.
It was added that "Los Angeles, always a happy pueblo [or was it drowsy and sleepy at one time as noted above?] of sunny days, pleasant nights and peaceful sea, has never tended toward skyscrapers nor lofty governmental structures." Yet, an exception was made for "a monumental structure to herald to the world the pride that is Los Angeles'" made possible for an overwhelming voter approval to amend the city charter, a decision approved by the state supreme court.
After noting that the purchase of the site began nearly twenty years before, it was stated that "the planners made a wise decision in the selection of the site" because "the commercial, social and pioneering activities of past generations centered" on the parcel, where ground was broken two years prior, on 4 March 1926. There "the pueblo, town, city and metropolis—under three flags—came upon its Destiny." There was some discussion of he use of granite and terra cotta, with local and native materials used when possible.
A list of the city's American-era chief executives and a table of its population from census returns (the oft-quoted 1,610 for 1850 was definitely a significant undercount, however), including an estimate of 1,416,000 for 1928 is included as it a roster of the Citizens' City Hall Dedication Committee, headed by Schenck, and which published the program. Among its vice-chairs was downtown developer William May Garland and John Steven McGroarty, highlighted in a recent post concerning his 1929 play, Osceola. Committee chairs included the city police and fire chiefs, the notorious James E. Davis and R.J. Scott, respectively and Mary Julia Workman, Boyle's sister and daughter of the late mayor (and city treasurer), who headed the "Women's Transportation" committee.
Not long after the opening of the City Hall, the unbridled optimism and enthusiasm for Los Angeles embodied in its construction was met by the stunning onset of the Great Depression, ushered forth by the collapse of the stock market in New York in late October 1929. The complex, however, has nearly fulfilled the prophecy uttered above and is approaching a century of use, including a major remodeling completed in 2001. The program is probably the ultimate summation of the expression of what the complex meant for boosters of the city during the end of the Roaring Twenties.
Posted in Architecture & Decoration, Politics & GovernmentTagged Albert C. Martin Los Angeles City Hall, Arthur Eldridge Los Angeles, Boyle Workman Los Angeles City Council, Citizens' City Hall Dedication Committee Los Angeles, F.P.F. Temple Los Angeles buildings, George Cryer Los Angeles mayor, George Eastman Los Angeles, James Rolph Jr. San Francisco mayor, John C. Austin Los Angeles City Hall, John Parkinson Los Angeles City Hall, John Steven McGroarty, Jonathan Temple Los Angeles, Joseph M. Schenck Los Angeles, Lindbergh Beacon Los Angeles City Hall, Los Angeles Board of Public Works history, Los Angeles City Hall 1884, Los Angeles City Hall 1888, Los Angeles City Hall 1928, Los Angeles City Hall dedication program, Los Angeles City Hall opening 1928, Los Angeles Courthouse history, Los Angeles history City Hall, Market House Los Angeles, Mary Julia Workman Los Angeles, Native Daughters of the Golden West history, Native Sons of the Golden West history, Paul R. Spitzzeri, Pio Pico California governor, Rocha Adobe Los Angeles city hall, Sid Grauman Los Angeles, Temple Block Los Angeles, Walter P. Temple La Casa Nueva, William May Garland Los Angeles
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Read All About It in the "Los Angeles News", 20 January 1872


"National statistics suggest up to 60% of those released from prison will re-offend within one year. For those who are involved in a mentoring program like CFEO, the number reduces to as little as 17%."
The Prison Ministry has a simple vision to see the men and women in prison know they are loved, they can have hope and that there is freedom in Jesus.
For those in prison to know they are L O V E D & that they are known by a heavenly father that has grace enough to cover them and that they are not forgotten by society.
For every prisoner to know that they can find F R E E D O M in the good news of Jesus. That they can be free from their burdens, the things holding them down and their past.
Prison is tough, but we believe that there is H O P E for those inside prison walls. That they can find a new life and live free from crime with a bright future, no matter what the past.
We LOVE doing our chapel services at HMP Ford. It's a chance for us to worship God together with the men in the prison, build relationships and create an atmosphere of joy and light in a place that is so often dark.
We go into HMP Ford 4 times a year for services, providing worship, a short and relatable talk and a time for getting to know the men.
We are a church committed to providing opportunities for men and women to learn more about Jesus and their purpose. We believe that Alpha and Bible Track are the first steps in people growing in their faith. Prison Alpha runs in 800 prisons all over the world, and we want to play a part of that!
Coming out of prison is scary and sometimes lonely. Church can be a place where people find community, acceptance and friendship. We want that to stretch to everyone. By signing up to join the Prison Ministry, we hope you'll be part of an ex-offenders resettlement journey.
If you would like to get involved with The Prison Ministry then click below.


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Home / Public Health / Coronavirus / City Council services affected by National Lockdown
City Council services affected by National Lockdown
Posted on 5th November 2020 by Media Team in Coronavirus, Coronavirus update, Featured, Leisure Centres and Sport, Libraries, Museums and Galleries, Press Releases, Public Health, Transport
Nottingham City Council has announced which of its services will continue and which will be impacted by the National Lockdown starting on Thursday 5 November.
The Government announced a range of measures last week to help stem the spread of coronavirus, that were voted on by parliament yesterday and introduced today. These include staying at home except for specific purposes, avoiding meeting people you do not live with except for specific purposes and certain businesses and venues closing. Details of the national lockdown restrictions are available here.
The City Council has started to assess how the restrictions will affect its services, building and events.
Cllr David Mellen, Leader of Nottingham City Council, said: "It is deeply upsetting to find ourselves in the difficult situation again where we have to close or partially close many council services that we know our residents rely on.
"We have no other choice than to follow all the guidelines announced by the Government so we can help bring the virus back under control so we can look towards hopefully having a brighter December and festive period.
"We know what we need to do as a city to help each other throughout yet another difficult period: follow the restrictions, support each other as much as we can, and continue to help out elderly and vulnerable people in the city.
"We know this second lockdown will have a major impact on people's lives but we came out of the first lockdown a stronger, more united city and we hope to do that again."
Latest update on service, buildings and events affected
Full Closure:
Nottingham Royal Concert Hall and Theatre Royal
Nottingham events
Leisure Centres and Tennis Centre
Shopmobility
Partial Closure:
Markets (essential retail only remains)
Libraries (some to close, others will keep some services running differently – for further information please visit https://www.nottinghamcity.gov.uk/leisure-and-culture/libraries/coronavirus
Museums and Galleries (grounds to open, cafes take away only)
Community Centre (individually assessed)
Day Centres (restricted services from all nine centres).
Any services not listed – for example, the council's Household Waste and Recycling Centre – are planned to continue operating as normal.
Cllr Mellen continued: "We urge everyone in Nottingham to follow the restrictions and advice about hand washing thoroughly and regularly with soap for 20 seconds and staying at home if experiencing a fever or new, persistent cough. Please follow social distancing guidelines if you need to go out and wear a facial covering if you can."
The Government paused the national Shielding programme in August. But there is guidance to support people who are clinically extremely vulnerable available at www.gov.uk/coronavirus
The guidance explains people should:
• Meet as few people as possible
• Avoid non-essential travel
• Reduce trips to shops
• Work from home where possible
The City Council is still offering support to people if they are isolating or need help, they can the Council 0115 915 5555.


Two Wharton alumnae started off in search of "having it all" but instead made a business out of helping other women launch new career paths.
A Wharton sophomore explains how his peers can build their "ladder to the sky." Alumni, do you agree with his approach?
Here's a novel idea: Ask for what you need, in your career, relationships and finances.
New Alumni Orientation gets graduating MBAs in gear with the greater Wharton community.


A&W Root Beer is a brand of root beer, primarily available in the United States and Canada, that was started in 1919 by Roy Allen. In 1922, Allen partnered with Frank Wright. They combined their initials to create the brand "A&W" and inspired a restaurant chain which was founded 1922. The first A&W root beer drinks were sold for five cents.
A&W Sugar-free Root Beer was introduced in 1974 and reformulated as Diet A&W in 1987.
This is the A&W logo used from 1995 to present.
One of three Dr Pepper Snapple Group brand beverages to receive a 2010 Halloween design (the other two were Sunkist and Canada Dry).
The color of the face changes to a very light green color when the can is cold.


THOUSANDS of people are expected to attend the City of Joondalup's Anzac Day dawn service at Joondalup War Memorial in Central Park.
Hosted in conjunction with Joondalup City RSL, the annual service is one of the biggest ceremonies of its kind in the Perth metropolitan area.
"The Anzac spirit is alive and well in cities like Joondalup where people from all age groups and backgrounds take time out from their busy lives for a day of quiet reflection," Joondalup Mayor Albert Jacob said.
"I particularly encourage anyone who has never attended a dawn service before to attend this year.
Major Ash Cogdon will MC the service with Joondalup City RSL president Rick Green to recite the Ode.
There will also be a wreath laying ceremony and free tea, coffee and biscuits following the service.
Parking is free in the Joondalup CBD on the morning of Anzac Day.
A dawn service will also be held from 5.45am at the Ocean Reef War Memorial at Ocean Reef Sports Club.
There will also be a gunfire breakfast from 6.30am, two-up from 8am and pop-up bar facilities from 9am.
Parking at Ocean Reef Marina will be free.


Recent negotiations in Astana may create the basis for further political reconciliation, several members of the Syrian opposition told RT, while emphasizing that the constitution is a matter that should be exclusively decided by the people of Syria.
Despite major differences in the political platforms of the Syrian opposition members with whom RT spoke, most agreed that the Astana meeting had not been held in vain.
As an example of progress, Hassan Abdul Azim, the General Coordinator of the National Coordination Committee for the Forces of Democratic Change (NCC), a Syrian opposition group comprising over a dozen left-leaning political parties, pointed to an agreement reached with the military wing of the Free Syrian Army (FSA) that became a part of the ceasefire regime.
"The meeting in Astana is an attempt to support this agreement and to secure the ceasefire regime on the whole territory of Syria, excluding ISIS [Islamic State, formerly ISIL] and Al-Nusra Front," Azim told RT, adding that the Astana forum had not replaced the Geneva conference, but rather prepared the ground for it.
Azim said that Russia has become more flexible and begun playing "a more important role" in the peace process. Commenting on the draft constitution put forward by Russia, he stressed that the new Syrian constitution should be solely authored by the Syrian people.
"[Russian foreign minister Sergey] Lavrov assured us that the submitted draft was only major ideas up for discussion and asked us to send our draft, while saying Russia would not impose anything on the Syrians," Azim said.
"The symbolic meaning of negotiations in Astana lies in the fact that dreams of the military toppling of regimes (sic) will be put to rest," Makdissi said. Despite his opposition to the Syrian government, Makdissi believes the opposition and Damascus should stand on one side of the fence in eradicating the "cancerous tumor" of terrorism.
"We must recognize the fact that the Syrian political regime exists. Do we like it? Of course not, otherwise we would be living in Syria now," Makdissi told RT, acknowledging that "that regime is still legitimate," as it still has representative in the UN and missions in other countries.
"They [Russian delegation] asked us to look into these proposals, but did not force any document on us," he said.
George Sabra, the former president of the National Coalition for Syrian Revolution and Opposition Forces, the main alliance of opposition forces in Syria, told RT that, while the group refused to participate in a meeting with Lavrov due to the lack of a detailed agenda, it did send a team of legal and technical experts to Astana to support the opposition's delegation.
At the same time, Sabra flatly rejected the idea of a third party drawing up a constitution for the Syrians.
"We strongly condemn and oppose the draft of the Syrian constitution prepared by the Russian Federation and it is not acceptable for us that anyone else, except for the Syrians themselves, would make the country's constitution," he told RT.
Ibrahim Ibrahim, a spokesman for a left-wing Syrian Kurdish political party called the Democratic Union Party, which was not represented at the talks, blamed Turkey for his party's absence.
Lavrov stressed on Friday that it would be inappropriate to compare the Iraqi constitution drawn up by Washington to the Syrian one.


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Reading Group discussion: Thoughts on Abolitionism
During the George Floyd uprising in 2020, the politics of abolitionism became something of a mainstream concern, at least in anglophone radical circles. For November's reading group we read What Abolitionists Do by Dan Berger, Mariame Kaba and David Stein, and Every Fire Needs a Little Bit of Help by Jarrod Shanahan, to try and get a better grasp on the movement and its relationship to contemporary class struggle.
Infamously, the US maintains the world's largest prison population – both absolutely and relatively. Alongside this reality and the starkly racialised structures of its carceral systems, it is no surprise that the US has become the cradle of abolitionist politics and theory. On the other hand, it also begins to explain why the most powerful instances of proletarian rebellion in recent US history have been violently and explicitly targeted at the police. Shanahan recounts the different rebellions and riots in response to the proletarians murdered by pigs in the last couple of decades: the martyr that precipitated the beginnings of the Black Lives Matter movement, Trayvon Martin; the man brutally suffocated by cops, Eric Garner, whose last words became a haunting battle cry in the following uprising; George Floyd, whose torturous murder was recorded and broadcast, sparking the rebellion across the continent that saw cop shops in flames hardly a week later. Mixed into the storm of proletarian rage was the wider discussion of the politics of police and prison abolition. Berger, Kaba and Stein's text did a good job of sketching out the more multi-faceted aspects of what a politics of abolitionism looks like in the short and medium terms, which run counter to the common idea that abolitionism is just a 'utopian' demand.
The abolitionist movement in Britain has its own distinct history, and it wasn't until the movement's domestic revival in the 2000s that activists here began to take the US as their main reference point. The British movement for prison abolition originally emerged at the end of the 1960s, as anti-nuclear campaigners were acquainted with the harsh realities of prison life. This led in 1970 to the foundation of Radical Alternatives to Prison (RAP), an organisation calling for the abolition of prisons and their replacement by rehabilitative alternatives. During its early years, the movement was strongly influenced by the Norwegian sociologists Thomas Mathiesen and Nils Christie, although over time the movement became less hippy and more socialist. RAP's journal, The Abolitionist, was recently archived by Abolitionist Futures and can be read here.
As with the rest of Britain's militant social movements, the abolitionists suffered through the 1980s and the movement gradually disintegrated under the pressure of the 'new realism.' Although the torch was kept burning by academics like Joe Sim and Mike Fitzgerland on one side, and anarchists from the Anarchist Black Cross on the other, the movement more or less disappeared until the mid-2000s, when it was revitalised in part by opposition to New Labour's proposed 'Titan Prisons'. In the intervening years, Critical Resistance formed in the US and Angela Davis' 'Are Prisons Obsolete' appeared in 2003, so by this time the movement's international centre of gravity had decisively shifted to the US. The second wave of British abolitionism now drew heavily on these American influences, and gained from them, both galvanising analyses and a few problems of translation. British activists have tended to carry over slogans from the US wholesale, without always attending to important contextual differences. The slogan to defund the police, for example, has a meaning in the US that does not hold in the UK, since (enfranchised) Americans can, in theory, exert some level of control over state spending via ballot measures. The same is true of the construction and funding of prisons. In this context, calls to 'defund' prisons or police represents a tangible, near-term objective around which abolitionists can organise. In the UK by contrast, state expenditures on policing and prisons are much more heavily centralised and calls to defund have nowhere to go except through the state (1). As a slogan it still has an abstract moral force, but it's one whose path to realisation is much more obviously blocked.
The function of prisons
Marx and Engels understood that the reproduction of capitalism's class relation tends towards the production of a "reserve army of labour", also known as the "relative surplus population." Shanahan writes that "while cops protect real estate investments and other private property, prisons discipline proletarians to accept abysmal wages, and surplus populations are housed in prisons and military barracks." While undeniably true, some of us felt that this statement would also benefit from qualification. There can be a tendency in recent Marxist discussions of the surplus population to more or less identify this category with those who exist semi-permanently beyond the reaches of the formal economy. The thinking is then that the state responds to this "overproduction" of workers relative to capital's needs by enclosing excess life behind prison walls. Internationally, however, there exists no consistent correlation between the surplus population and the rate of incarceration. In the UK, for example, unemployment has averaged between 3 and 5% over the last 20 years, with a brief spike of 8% in the fallout of the 2008 crisis. Meanwhile, although it is true that there are many people who live their lives on the edge of bourgeois society, the UK prison population accounts for only about 0.03% of the officially unemployed population.
Marx described the production of a relative surplus population as a tendency of capitalist development. Like all the tendencies Marx describes in Capital, it's presented in an abstract form and is, in reality, subject to all kinds of counter-tendencies, so in practice takes a range of concrete expressions. The surplus population is heavily stratified as a result. The surplus population does not only include the permanently unemployed ('paupers'), but also the temporarily unemployed (the 'floating' and 'latent reserve armies') and those in particularly shitty or insecure work (the 'stagnant pool'). So while it's true to say that capitalism houses its surplus populations in prisons, we should remember that this is not the only place where we can be found. A zero-hours contract is as much of a mark as a prison sentence. The idea, therefore, that prison expansion can be explained mainly as a means to warehouse surplus proletarians, which you can encounter from time to time in less sophisticated Marxist analyses of prisons, doesn't feel convincing to us.
So what else has driven prison expansion then? We initially asked whether it could be explained by economic factors. One comrade asked whether there was an incentive to open prisons for the cheap labour available from incarcerated workers, but it appears that prisons are a pretty complicated environment to organise a labour process in. Security requirements both restrict the kind of work that is allowed and also badly slow down day-to-day operations (due to all the necessary security checks etc.). Actually getting the prisoners into the workshops meanwhile relies on adequate staffing levels among the guards, which are by no means guaranteed. Then there is the risk of security lockdowns in case of emergencies, which shut down operations entirely. Hardly a model environment for just-in-time production! While some firms find ways of making it work, for most capitalists these slow and unpredictable conditions significantly outweigh the benefits of extremely low wage costs. The vast majority of prisoners who do work, work at maintaining the prison itself – cooking, cleaning, gardening, etc. – and it is here that the low wage bill really plays a role, in reducing the costs of incarceration itself.
Another economic factor could be related to the privatisation of the prison estate. As of October 2021, 18% of prisoners in England and Wales were housed in private prisons, a substantially higher share than in the US. The UK played the main role in spearheading the introduction of private prisons into Europe in the early 1990s, initially under John Major's Conservative government and then under New Labour. Although there's a common assumption that private prison places are cheaper for the state, the actual costs vary significantly from prison to prison, but average out on a level more or less equivalent to public sector prisons. Their growth is therefore probably more of a reflection of effective lobbying and a commitment to "the market" than a sober rationalisation of state expenditures as such. On this point we also discussed just how expensive it is to incarcerate someone in the UK: in 2019/20 it cost an average of £42,670 to lock someone up in England and Wales, in contrast to an average annual income of £27,500. If prisons do exist as a "solution" for surplus populations, on a case-by-case basis it's an extremely expensive one.
The privatisation of prisons is generally thought to drive prison expansion through the production of economic incentives for certain sections of capital (or the state) to lobby for harsher law and order policies. While this no doubt plays a part, we should also take care to avoid economic reductionism on this point. The widespread perception of social breakdown in the 1970s led to the genuine popularity of "law and order" policies as a response to the crisis- ravaged conditions of society. For many, the political credibility of politicians became premised on their ability to appear tough on crime. The ensuing political arms race has resulted in the massive criminalisation of ever increasing areas of life, and increasingly severe sentences for those ending up in the courts.
If prisons can be said to have one primary role, ultimately it does seem to be that of imposing discipline and conformity (as opposed e.g. to providing a direct means for accumulation), as Shanahan rightly states. The threat of the violence of imprisonment is a powerful weapon for preemptively suppressing non-conformance and rebellion. It is a necessary mechanism for the reproduction of such a nonsensical and contradictory system. Abolitionists will often stress that, in many cases, the law does not operate effectively as a deterrent, since many people commit crimes out of impulse or desperation, not rational calculation. This is obviously true, but also neglects the extent to which a large part of the population are effectively disciplined by fear of the state. Capitalist society's reliance on prisons, even in countries with very high rates of incarceration, is premised on only needing to incarcerate a small minority in order to have a much wider disciplinary effect. This also puts the economic costs of prisons in perspective. While it is expensive to incarcerate people viewed on an individual basis, it is much, much cheaper to discipline the whole population by incarcerating a small minority of people than it is to ensure the basic needs of all people are met across society as a whole.
Accountability in a class society?
In many ways, prisons and policing are the bluntest forces of the compulsions of capital. Those who refuse to participate in the social logic of capital's reproduction often find themselves faced with the immense violence of the state. Whether these proletarians are those who exist or act outside the confines of wage labour, or are those who consciously act against these conditions, the baton and the cell are important elements of capital's pervasive power to coerce compliance on the greater mass of proletarians. In this way then, we can view systems of incarceration, from the pig to the pen, as deeply necessary features of a society based on classes.
This raises the question of what scope there is to do things differently in a society which remains shaped by capital and the state. In Shanahan's essay, he explores the results of attempts to put the abolition cart before the communist horse. He surveys the outcomes of attempts to carve out "autonomous zones" and long-term occupations of public space. He argues that such attempts, while arguably expelling the violent arms of the state to their peripheries, do little to break through the conditions of domination that they claim have been pushed out of their "liberated space". Indeed, a comrade in our discussion noted that during the Movement of the Squares, occupiers were forced to confront gendered violence as an endemic issue. In Cairo, occupiers formed patrols that would monitor the squares for signs of harassment or attacks and intervene by force to break up groups of predatory men.
These problems cannot be ignored. We spoke about how, from the internal life of groups through to large scale social unrest, both gendered violence itself as well as inadequate or counter-productive attempts to deal with it continually open devastating rifts, not only in our lives but also in movements. In a society where many people can barely deal with conflicts over parking spaces reasonably, let alone anything more serious, we didn't think our ability to deal with serious interpersonal issues was something we can just take for granted, but requires active work to develop skills that many of us currently lack. Without these skills, as well as resources, time, and the actual existence of an accountable "community", most well-meaning accountability processes just don't really work. At the same time, the alignment of women's organisations and the police grows stronger all the time. Because gendered violence is framed more as a criminal justice issue (rather than, say, a public health issue), funding for services often comes from the police and criminal justice system, which then requires these organisations, in turn, to lobby them for more funding, and to build closer policy relationships with them in order to shape their strategies for dealing with the issue.
By eroding our direct interdependencies with each other and replacing them with dependence on the market, the "double freedom" (2) of capitalist development contains within itself the contradictory "freedom" to be unaccountable. This is a limit that accountability processes will continually run up against, when in most cases anyone who isn't prepared to face up to their actions can always cut ties and start over. But that doesn't mean that these experiences are pointless. Even if we can't expect some kind of complete reparation in every (or any) case, a huge amount can be learned by direct participation in these processes – from "failures" as much as "successes" – and it remains necessary to find ways of supporting survivors and taking steps to prevent fucked up behaviour without recourse to the police.
Previously this line read "In the UK by contrast, state expenditures on policing and prisons are heavily centralised and calls to defund have nowhere to go except through Westminster". Somebody got in touch to say that not all police funding decisions do go through Westminster, since the police receive funds from council taxes too. Fair cop. Not only do the police receive some funds from council taxes but elements of the criminal justice system are devolved to the Northern Irish, Scottish, and Welsh parliaments too. What we should have said is that these decisions remain in the hands of the state, and on a much more heavily centralised basis than the (federal) US. In England, referendums on taxes for police funding are also possible, but only to block increases in excess of a certain state-mandated threshold – as happened in Bedfordshire in 2015, the only referendum of this kind to date.
The freedom to work and the freedom to starve
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New to the world of twelve-bell literature come these creative arrangements with titles spanning the church year. While each piece uses only twelve bells spanning F5 to C7, not every title uses the "standard" set of twelve bells in F major, leading to harmonies never before heard and hymns never before arranged for this type of ensemble! The eighteen titles found in this reproducible set will find frequent use in your church services, and will fast become favorites of both your ringers and congregations.


Brand new NW Lincoln City construction just being completed! This 3 bedroom/3 bathroom + bonus room/office has 1864 Sq Ft has quality finishes throughout. Custom cabinetry, tile and hard surface counter tops! Stainless steel range, microwave and dishwasher included. Single car garage with two additional parking spaces on the parking pad available. Just a short walk to beach access and miles of sandy beach. Close to all of Lincoln City's amenities!


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Loren Boyer
Des Parasites Risquent de se Produire
Although it may sound trite and played out, but they really don't make them like this anymore. Des Parasites Risquent de se Produire is one of those strange, anonymous CDs that I would take home at random and puzzle over for hours. This gives me the same rush that I get when I find something horribly obscure and bizarre in a $.99 cutout bin. It's like a little bit of treasure…
This is Boyer's debut recording, although he has been playing in the Tallahassee area for years. The liner notes are written by a similar down-home auteur, Davey Williams. Williams and Boyer both play the guitar, and both approach the instrument in extraordinary ways. However, on this CD, Boyer utilizes a lot of electroacoustic treatments to create this lo-fi gem. I was listening to this CD one day when a friend came rushing into the room, breathlessly exclaiming, "Is that the alarm?" I assured him that it was only the music(?) I had on. He gave me a funny look and went on with his business. The focal point of this CD is the 12 minute "Que L'on Bat," which utilizes feedback that bores into your skull, complemented with a distinct low-end throbbing. At 33 minutes, this CD is the perfect length, and a perfect companion for everything but sleeping. Decidedly great.
Intransative Records, P.O. Box 391151, Cambridge, MA 02139; http://www.visionload.com/intransative
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Reuse your Illusions I & II (Foolsday). Review by Tang, Wu.
Micronotz reissues
Mortal Micronotz, Smash, Live, The Beast that Devoured Itself, 40 Fingers (Bar/None). Review by Scott Adams.
Butch Walker and the Let's-Go-Out-Tonites!
The Rise and Fall of…Butch Walker and the Let's-Go-Out-Tonites! (Epic/One Haven). Review by Andrew Ellis.
MITH (Jagjaguwar). Review by James Mann.
Bebel Gilberto
I've been in kind of a slow rumba mood or recent. That slow, sexy roll that c…
s/t (Castle Face). Review by Jen Cray.
Engine Down
Demure (Lovitt). Review by Daniel Mitchell.
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Dressy Bessy
Sound Go Round (Kindercore). Review by Ian Koss.
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My Screamin' Jay Hawkins experience is limited to a couple of TV appearances …
Jessica Bailiff
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You are here: Home / BlackBerry / Check out the BlackBerry Z30!
The Z30 will definitely by my 4th BB10 device that I will own. I have posted a video that contains a walk through of the z30 below. Here are the specs, Enjoy.


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WVWC Students Set to Present Recommendations for City Projects on April 18
How can the City access additional funding for Stockert Youth & Community Center and the Colonial Theatre? What sustainability measures could the City enact? What does it mean for our community that our police and fire departments become fully accredited? Students at West Virginia Wesleyan College have been researching municipal operations and initiatives this semester and will present their findings at an informational meeting at 7:00 p.m. Wednesday, April 18 at the Buckhannon Public Safety Complex. The meeting is free and open to the public. Representatives from City staff and City Council will attend to provide feedback to the student teams; however, this is an informational meeting only and no immediate action will be taken by the Buckhannon City Council.
The presenting students are part of Dr. Robert Rupp's State and Local Government course at Wesleyan and are comprised of political science, criminal justice, and sociology majors. During the first part of Dr. Rupp's course, students studied laws proposed in this year's West Virginia legislative session. The second part of the course found these students researching projects undertaken by the City of Buckhannon.
Eight teams will present short PowerPoint presentations on the following topics: the City's efforts to realize funding to construct the new Stockert Youth Center auditorium and gymnasium; the City's efforts to realize funding to complete the renovation of the Colonial Theatre; the City's development including funding for comprehensive storm water management; the significance of full, professional accreditation for the police and fire departments; and the expansion of the City green and sustainable initiatives.
Students participating include Marlee Angelucci of Farmington, WV; Alexander Bradley-Popovich of Buckhannon; Danielle Clayton of Burtonsville, MD; Emily Dunlap of Charleston, WV; Chris Fick of Natrona Heights, PA; Casey Frederick of Buckhannon; Aylin Gutierrez of San Luiz, AR; Ryan Jackson of Dover, NJ; Jacob Jasper of Kingsport, TN; Chris Nickerson of Gaithersburg, MD; Jarrett Northrop of Galesville, MD; Mackenzie Pernell of Bridgeport, WV; McKenna Polen of Fairmont, WV; Colby Queen of Philippi, WV; Sam Rigler of Kensington, MD; Dylon Rippeto of Parkersburg, WV; Elesia Saunders of Clarksburg, WV; Michael Susman of Charleston, WV; Taylor Titus of Old Fields, WV; and Shana Williams of Essex, MD.
The City welcomes the research put forth by these students and looks forward to hearing their results and recommendations. After evaluation, some of these recommendations may be brought forward at a City Council meeting. City residents are encouraged to attend this meeting and send feedback to the student teams and the City of Buckhannon by calling City Hall at (304) 472-1651 or emailing callie.csams@buckhannonwv.org.


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Abnormal Myeloid Lineage Cells Expressing the Difucosyl or Trifucosyl Type 2 Chain in Bone Marrow Cells of Patinets with Severe Rheumatoid Arthritis.
OCHI Takahiro Medical School, Orthopaedic Surgery, Professor, 医学部, 教授 (80112035)
SHIMAOKA Yasunori Health & Sports Sciences, Assistant Professor, 健康体育部, 助手 (00260638)
OWAKI Hajime Medical School, Orthopaedic Surgery, Assistant Professor, 医学部, 助手 (60223872)
KIMURA Tomoatsu Medical School, Orthopaedic Surgery, Assistant Professor, 医学部, 助手 (80167379)
Rheumatoid Arthritis / Bone Marrow / Difucosylated Type 2 Chain / Myeloid Lineage Cell / Stromal Cell / Nurse Cell / Polymorphonuclear Cell / Cytokine / 悪性腫瘍 / 糖鎖抗原
The absolute number of mononuclear cells in the iliac bone marrow was incresed by 3-fold in the rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients compared with non-RA controls. In contrast, no significant increase of MNC was abserved in the epiphyseal bone marrow or peripheral blood. In lymphocyte subsets, the percentage of HLA-DR+CD8+cells to all CD8 cells in the iliac bone marrow increased significantly in the RA patients compared with the non-RA controls. Abnormal myeloid cells (CD14+CD15+cells) , specific to severe RA,were found to be more concentrated in the iliac bone marrow than in the tibial epiphyseal bone marrow. The production of these abnormal myeloid cells was enhanced by IL-1beta and GM-CSF,but inhibited by T lymphocytes. These abnormal myeloid cells were confirmed to differentiated to polymorphonuclear leukocytes. In patients with severe disease of RA, high levels of IL-1alpha and IL-1beta were found in the cell lysates of MNC and PMN in the epiphyseal bone marrow adjacent to affected joints. Markedly elevated levels of IL-6 and IL-8 were detected in iliac bone marrow serum, and much lower levels were found in the tibial bone marrow and peripheral blood serum. The levels of IL-6 and IL-8 in iliac bone marrow serum showed a close relationship to the extent of synovial proliferation. Stromal cell (nurse cell) line were established from both bone marrow and synovium.These cell lines were shown to have an enhanced ability to support the pre-B-cell lines and to maintain abnormal myeliod cells.
1995 Annual Research Report Final Research Report Summary
[Publications] Tanabe M., et al.: "Remarkable elevation of interleukin 6 and interleukin 8 levels in the bone marrow serum of patients with rheumatoid arthritis." Journal of Rheumatology. 21. 830-835 (1994)
[Publications] Tomita T., et al.: "Phenotypic characterisitics of bone marrow cells in patients with rheumatoid arthritis." Journal of Rheumatology. 21. 1608-1614 (1994)
[Publications] Wakitani S., et al.: "Elevated interleukin-1 levels in polymorphonuclear cells accumulating in bone marrow adjacent to affected joints in rheumatoid arthritis." Japanese Journal of Rheumatology. 5. 243-250 (1994)
[Publications] Kaisho T., et al.: "BST-1, a surface molecule of bone marrow stromal cell lines that facilitates pre-B cell growth." Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 91. 5335-5329 (1994)
[Publications] Hirohata S., et al.: "Selective induction of IgM rheumatoid factors by CD14^+ monocyte-lineage cells generated from bone marrow of patients with rheumatoid arthritis." Arthritis and Rheumatism.38. 384-388 (1995)
[Publications] Hirohata S., et al.: "Accelerated generation of CD14^+ monocyte lineage cells from the bone marrow of rheumatoid arthritis patients." Arthritis and Rheumatism.(in press).
[Publications] Tanabe M., Ochi T., Tomita T., Suzuki R., Sakata T., Shimaoka Y., Nakagawa S., Ono K.: "Remarkable elevation of interleukin 6 and interleukin 8 levels in the bone marrow serum of patients with rheumatoid arthritis" J Rheumatol.21. 830-835 (1994)
[Publications] Tomita T., Kashiwagi N., Shimaoka Y., Ikawa T., Tanabe M., Nakagawa S., Kawamura S., Denno K., Owaki H., Ochi T.: "Phenotypic characterisitics of bone marrow cell in patients with rheumatoid arthritis" J Rheumatol.21. 1608-1614 (1994)
[Publications] 3.Wakitani S., Ochi T., Ono K.: "Elevated interleukin-1 levels in polymorphonuclear cells accumulating in bone marrow adjacent to affected joints in rheumatoid arthritis" Jpn J Rheumatol.5. 243-250 (1994)
[Publications] Kaisho T., Ishikawa J., Oritani K., Inazawa J., Tomizawa H., Muraoka O., Ochi T., Hirano T.: "BST-1, a surface molecule of bone marrow stromal cell lines that facilitates pre-B cell growth." Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA. 91. 5325-5329 (1994)
[Publications] Komatsubara T., Tojo H., Ying Z., Tomita T., Ochi T., Okamoto M.: "Serum phospholipase A2 activity and immunoreactive group II phoshpolipase A in rheumatoid arthritis." Clinica Chimica Acta. 236. 109-112 (1995)
[Publications] Hirohata S., Yanagida T., Koda M., Koiwa M., Yoshino S., Ochi T.: "Selective induction of IgM rheumatoid factors by CD14+ monocyte-lineage cells generated from bone marrow of patients with rheumatoid arthritis" Arthritis Rheum.38. 384-388 (1995)
[Publications] Ishikawa J., Kaisho T., Tomizawa H., Lee B.O., Kobune Y., Inazawa J., Oritani K., Itoh M., Ochi T., Ishihara K., Hirano T.: "Molecular cloning and chromosomal mapping of a bone marrow stromal cell surface gene, BST2, that may be involved in pre-B-cell growth." Genomics.26. 527-534 (1995)
[Publications] Lee B.K., Ishihara K., Denno K., Kobune Y., Itoh M., Muraoka O., Kaisho T., Sasaki T., Ochi T., Hirano T.: "Elevated levels of the soluble from of bone marrow stromal cell antigen 1 in the sera of patients with severe rheumatoid arthritis" Arthritis Rheum. (in press.).
[Publications] Hirohata S., Yanagida T., Itoh K., Nakamura H., Yoshino S., Tomita T., Ochi T .: "Accelerated generation of CD14+ monocyte lineage cells from the bone marrow of rheumatoid arthritis patients." Arthritis Rheum. (in press.).
[Publications] Tanabe M.,et al.: "Remarkable elevation of interleukin 6 and interleukin 8 levels in the bone marro0w serum of patients with rheumatoid arthritis." Journal of Rheumatology. 21. 830-835 (1994)
[Publications] Tomita T.,et al.: "Phenotypic characterisitics of bone marrow cells in patients with rheumatoid arthritis." Journal of Rheumatology. 21. 1608-1614 (1994)
[Publications] Wakitani S., et al.: "Elevated interleukin-1 levels in polymorphonuclear cells accumulating in bone marrow. adjacent to affected joints in rheumatoid arthritis." Japanese Journal of Rheumatology. 5. 243-250 (1994)
[Publications] Kaisho T.,et al.: "BST-1,a surface molecule of bone marrow stromal cell lines that facilitates pre-B cell growth." Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA. 91. 5325-5329, (1994)
[Publications] Hirohata S., et al.: "Selective induction of IgM rheumatoid factors by CD14+ monocyte-lineage cells generated from bone marrow of patients with rheumatoid arthritis." Arthritis and Rheumatism.38. 384-388 (1995)
[Publications] Hirohata S.,et al.: "Accelerated generation of CD14+ monocyte lineage cells from the bone marrow of rheumatoid arthritis patients." Arthritis and Rheumatism.(in press.).
[Publications] Tanabe,M: "Remarkable Elevation of Interleukin 6 and Interleukin 8 Levels in the Bone Marrow Serum of Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis" The Journal of Rheumatology. 21. 830-835 (1994)
[Publications] Tomita,T: "Phenotypic Characteristics of Bone Marrow Cells in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis." The Journal of Rheumatology. 21. 1608-1614 (1994)


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Massachusetts Freedom Movement. Freedom School The Boston schools.. 1963-1964. Retrieved from the Digital Public Library of America, http://hdl.handle.net/2047/D20203027. (Accessed January 20, 2020.)
Massachusetts Freedom Movement, (1963-1964) Freedom School The Boston schools.. Retrieved from the Digital Public Library of America, http://hdl.handle.net/2047/D20203027
Massachusetts Freedom Movement. Retrieved from the Digital Public Library of America <http://hdl.handle.net/2047/D20203027>.