text:
package dlp.snippets;

// [START dlp_reidentify_table_fpe]

import com.google.cloud.dlp.v2.DlpServiceClient;
import com.google.common.io.BaseEncoding;
import com.google.privacy.dlp.v2.ContentItem;
import com.google.privacy.dlp.v2.CryptoKey;
import com.google.privacy.dlp.v2.CryptoReplaceFfxFpeConfig;
import com.google.privacy.dlp.v2.CryptoReplaceFfxFpeConfig.FfxCommonNativeAlphabet;
import com.google.privacy.dlp.v2.DeidentifyConfig;
import com.google.privacy.dlp.v2.FieldId;
import com.google.privacy.dlp.v2.FieldTransformation;
import com.google.privacy.dlp.v2.KmsWrappedCryptoKey;
import com.google.privacy.dlp.v2.LocationName;
import com.google.privacy.dlp.v2.PrimitiveTransformation;
import com.google.privacy.dlp.v2.RecordTransformations;
import com.google.privacy.dlp.v2.ReidentifyContentRequest;
import com.google.privacy.dlp.v2.ReidentifyContentResponse;
import com.google.privacy.dlp.v2.Table;
import com.google.privacy.dlp.v2.Table.Row;
import com.google.privacy.dlp.v2.Value;
import com.google.protobuf.ByteString;
import java.io.IOException;

public class ReIdentifyTableWithFpe {

  public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
    // TODO(developer): Replace these variables before running the sample.
    String projectId = "your-project-id";
    String kmsKeyName =
        "projects/YOUR_PROJECT/"
            + "locations/YOUR_KEYRING_REGION/"
            + "keyRings/YOUR_KEYRING_NAME/"
            + "cryptoKeys/YOUR_KEY_NAME";
    String wrappedAesKey = "YOUR_ENCRYPTED_AES_256_KEY";
    Table tableToReIdentify =
        Table.newBuilder()
            .addHeaders(FieldId.newBuilder().setName("Employee ID").build())
            .addRows(
                Row.newBuilder()
                    .addValues(Value.newBuilder().setStringValue("28777").build())
                    .build())
            .build();
    reIdentifyTableWithFpe(projectId, tableToReIdentify, kmsKeyName, wrappedAesKey);
  }

  public static void reIdentifyTableWithFpe(
      String projectId, Table tableToReIdentify, String kmsKeyName, String wrappedAesKey)
      throws IOException {
    // Initialize client that will be used to send requests. This client only needs to be created
    // once, and can be reused for multiple requests. After completing all of your requests, call
    // the "close" method on the client to safely clean up any remaining background resources.
    try (DlpServiceClient dlp = DlpServiceClient.create()) {
      // Specify what content you want the service to re-identify.
      ContentItem contentItem = ContentItem.newBuilder().setTable(tableToReIdentify).build();

      // Specify an encrypted AES-256 key and the name of the Cloud KMS key that encrypted it.
      KmsWrappedCryptoKey kmsWrappedCryptoKey =
          KmsWrappedCryptoKey.newBuilder()
              .setWrappedKey(ByteString.copyFrom(BaseEncoding.base64().decode(wrappedAesKey)))
              .setCryptoKeyName(kmsKeyName)
              .build();
      CryptoKey cryptoKey = CryptoKey.newBuilder().setKmsWrapped(kmsWrappedCryptoKey).build();

      // Specify how to un-encrypt the previously de-identified information.
      CryptoReplaceFfxFpeConfig cryptoReplaceFfxFpeConfig =
          CryptoReplaceFfxFpeConfig.newBuilder()
              .setCryptoKey(cryptoKey)
              // Set of characters in the input text. For more info, see
              // https://cloud.google.com/dlp/docs/reference/rest/v2/organizations.deidentifyTemplates#DeidentifyTemplate.FfxCommonNativeAlphabet
              .setCommonAlphabet(FfxCommonNativeAlphabet.NUMERIC)
              .build();
      PrimitiveTransformation primitiveTransformation =
          PrimitiveTransformation.newBuilder()
              .setCryptoReplaceFfxFpeConfig(cryptoReplaceFfxFpeConfig)
              .build();

      // Specify field to be decrypted.
      FieldId fieldId = FieldId.newBuilder().setName("Employee ID").build();

      // Associate the decryption with the specified field.
      FieldTransformation fieldTransformation =
          FieldTransformation.newBuilder()
              .setPrimitiveTransformation(primitiveTransformation)
              .addFields(fieldId)
              .build();
      RecordTransformations transformations =
          RecordTransformations.newBuilder().addFieldTransformations(fieldTransformation).build();

      DeidentifyConfig reidentifyConfig =
          DeidentifyConfig.newBuilder().setRecordTransformations(transformations).build();

      // Combine configurations into a request for the service.
      ReidentifyContentRequest request =
          ReidentifyContentRequest.newBuilder()
              .setParent(LocationName.of(projectId, "global").toString())
              .setItem(contentItem)
              .setReidentifyConfig(reidentifyConfig)
              .build();

      // Send the request and receive response from the service
      ReidentifyContentResponse response = dlp.reidentifyContent(request);

      // Print the results
      System.out.println("Table after re-identification: " + response.getItem().getValue());
    }
  }
}
// [END dlp_reidentify_table_fpe]

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Want to be notified of new releases in produnis/youtoot?
The script only needs mastodon login/pass to post toots.
It gets the videos from RSS available at https://www.youtube.com/feeds/videos.xml?channel_id=CHANELIDOFDESIRE (where CHANELIDOFDESIRE is the ID of the youtube-chanel you want to follow).
A sqlite database is used to keep track of tweets than have been tooted.
The script is simply called by a cron job and can run on any server (does not have to be on the mastodon instance server).


text:
Canadian Museum for Human Rights builds on relationship with Chinese Canadians
Winnipeg - November 26, 2011 –
The Canadian Museum for Human Rights (CMHR) and representatives of the Chinese Canadian community from across Canada met today at the Winnipeg Chinese Cultural and Community Centre (WCCC) to discuss Chinese Canadian content and programming opportunities within the Canadian Museum for Human Rights. This discussion reaffirmed the Museum's commitment to ongoing engagement with Canadians as it works towards opening and beyond.
"The Canadian Museum for Human Rights represents a meaningful manifestation of Canada's experience with human rights. Our goal is to ensure that we capture and learn from the richness of Canada's story, for the benefit of all Canadians," said Angela Cassie, Director of Communications and External Relations at the CMHR. "Today's discussion with representatives of the Chinese Canadian community is an example of our commitment to continue engaging with Canadians throughout the development of the Museum's inaugural exhibits, programming and beyond."
"These discussions were an important next step in furthering the Chinese Canadian community's relationship with the Canadian Museum for Human Rights," said Dr. Joseph Du, President, Winnipeg Chinese Cultural and Community Centre. "We look forward to sharing our knowledge, experiences, and community perspectives for the benefit of all future visitors to Canada's national Museum, dedicated to the topic of human rights."
Dialogue with the Chinese Canadian community is an important part of the content development process at the CMHR. It enables the Museum to ensure that content is accurate and reflective of experiences not only from academic point of view but also from a community point of view. This is particularly important as it relates to the diverse lived experience of Chinese Canadians and the Head Tax. This consultation marks an important stride forward and strengthens the Museum's ability to tell the stories that constitute Canada's human rights history. The CMHR is committed to continued public engagement and building enduring relationships with the ethno-cultural communities, advocacy groups, human rights organizations and the public.
About the Canadian Museum for Human Rights
The Canadian Museum for Human Rights (CMHR), currently under construction in Winnipeg, Manitoba, was established to provide a place for Canadians, and the world, to explore the subject of human rights and to encourage human rights action. With construction slated for completion in 2012, the CMHR is the first national museum to have been established in over 40 years, and the first national museum to be located outside the National Capital Region. For more information about the CMHR please visit http://humanrightsmuseum.ca/ or follow us on Twitter: http://twitter.com/cmhr_news and on Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/canadianmuseumforhumanrights.
For more information contact:Angela Cassie

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
\section{ Introduction}

A rigorous theoretical framework within which quarkonium production can
be studied is provided by the nonrelativistic QCD (NRQCD) factorization
formalism developed by Bodwin, Braaten, and Lepage~\cite{bbl}. This
approach is based on NRQCD~\cite{casslep}, an effective field theory that
can be made equivalent
to full QCD to any desired order in heavy-quark relative
velocity. The NRQCD
factorization formalism is not a model, but rather a
rigorous derivation
within NRQCD of a
factorized form for quarkonium production and decay rates.

A central result of the NRQCD factorization formalism is that inclusive
quarkonium production cross sections must have the form of a sum of
products of short-distance coefficients and NRQCD matrix elements. The
short-distance coefficients are associated with the production of a heavy
quark-antiquark pair in a specific color and angular-momentum state. They
can be calculated using ordinary perturbative techniques. As to the NRQCD
matrix elements, they parameterize the effect of long-distance physics
such as the hadronization of the quark-antiquark pair. These can
be determined phenomenologically.

The power of the NRQCD formalism stems {}from the fact that
factorization formulas for observables
are essentially expansions in the small parameter
$v^2$, where $v$ is the average
relative velocity of the heavy quark and anti-quark in
the quarkonium bound state. $v^2\sim 0.3$ for charmonium,
and 0.1 for bottomonium.  NRQCD
$v$-scaling rules~\cite{lmnm}
allow us to estimate the relative sizes of various NRQCD
matrix elements.  This information, along with
the dependence
of the short-distance coefficients on coupling constants,
permits us to decide which terms must be retained in
expressions for observables
so as to reach a given level of accuracy.
Generally, to leading order, factorization formulas involve only a few
matrix elements, so several observables can be related by a small number
of parameters.

NRQCD predictions therefore presuppose QCD, factorization, and a
reasonably
convergent $v^2$ expansion.  If the quantitative predictions of
NRQCD fail, one of these three assumptions is failing,
most likely the validity of the $v^2$ expansion.

In many instances of $J/\psi$ production,
the most important NRQCD matrix elements are
$\langle{\cal O}^\psi_1({}^3S_1) \rangle$,
$\langle{\cal O}^\psi_8({}^3S_1) \rangle$,
$\langle{\cal O}^\psi_8({}^1S_0) \rangle$, and
$\langle{\cal O}^\psi_8({}^3P_J) \rangle$. These four quantities
parametrize the hadronization into a $J/\psi$ boundstate of a
$c\bar{c}$ pair produced initially with the stated quantum numbers (angular
momentum ${}^{2S+1}L_J$, color quantum number 1 or 8).
Previous to the development
of the factorization formalism of Ref.~\cite{bbl}, most
$J/\psi$ production calculations took into account only the hadronization of
$c\bar{c}$ pairs initially produced in the color-singlet ${}^3S_1$
state, as parameterized by
$\langle{\cal O}^\psi_1({}^3S_1) \rangle$.

Recently, in regard to the three most important
color-octet matrix elements involved in
$J/\psi$ production, it has been noticed that there prevails a
certain inconsistency between the values
measured at CDF \cite{cl} and those measured in other processes
\cite{toohigh}.  We propose here
that inclusive
$J/\psi$ production {}from $b$-decay can be of avail in unravelling
this difficulty by serving as a supplementary arena for measuring
the contentious matrix elements.

Inclusive production of $J/\psi$ {}from $b$-decay
provides two measurable combinations of the matrix elements. The first
one is the helicity-summed rate
$\Gamma(b \to J/\psi + X)$.
The second combination concerns the polarization parameter
$\alpha$ appearing in the electromagnetic decay rate of $J/\psi$ to
lepton pairs:
\begin{equation}
\label{thetadefined}
\frac{d\Gamma}{dcos\theta}\big( \psi \rightarrow \mu^+\mu^-(\theta)
\big)
\propto 1 + \alpha \cos^2{\theta} \; ,
\end{equation}
where the polar angle $\theta$ is defined in the $J/\psi$ rest frame for
which the $z$-axis is aligned with the direction of motion of the
$J/\psi$ in the lab.

The short-distance physics for the process
$b\to J/\psi + X$
is described by the four-quark
Fermi interactions $b \rightarrow c\bar{c}s$ and
$b \rightarrow c\bar{c}d$,  at the $m_b$ scale.
The Feynman diagram is shown in Fig.~1.
Let us define $P$ to be the total
four-momentum of the $c\bar{c}$ system.
The $s$ and $d$ quarks are assumed
massless.

\section{Factorization formula for the spin-summed production rate}

We first calculate the factorization formula for the
spin-summed $J/\psi$ production rate.
Let us define ${\bf q}$ as the relative
momentum of the $c$ and $\bar{c}$ quarks evaluated in the rest frame
of the $c\bar{c}$ pair.  The NRQCD matching formalism requires only that we
know
the algebraic form of the amplitude for small values of ${\bf q}$.
This is because the hadronization of the heavy quark pair into
quarkonium occurs with nonnegligible probability only when
$|{\bf q}| \ll m_c$.  Moreover, this is the regime
in which the NRQCD effective lagrangian is valid.
Therefore, we expand the Feynman amplitude
in powers of ${\bf q}$ and keep only pieces up to linear order.
The amplitude
for $b\to c\bar{c}s$ is given by
\begin{eqnarray}
\label{bdecayfeynamp-reduced}
{\cal M}(\sigma,\tau;c,d,e,f;{\bf q}) \;\; & = & \;\;
\frac{G_F}{\sqrt{2}}\; V_{cb}V_{cs}^*
\left[
\frac{(2C_+ - C_-)}{3}
\delta^{cd}\delta^{ef} \;
+ \;
(C_+ + C_-) T^g_{cd}T^g_{ef}\right]
\;\;
\bar{u}_s\gamma^\mu ( 1 - \gamma_5 ) u_b
\nonumber\\
& \times &
\bigg[ 2m_c \; \; \Lambda^\mu_i \xi_\sigma^\dagger \! \sigma^i \!
\eta_\tau \; - \;
P^\mu \;\;\xi_\sigma^\dagger \! \eta_\tau  \; + \;
2i \Lambda^\mu_k\epsilon^{mik} \;\;\xi_\sigma^\dagger \! q^m \! \sigma^i \!
\eta_\tau
\bigg] \bigg( 1 + O\left({ {\bf q}^2 \over m^2_c }\right) \bigg) \; ,
\end{eqnarray}
where $\xi$ and $\eta$ are non-relativistic two-spinors for the $c$
and $\bar{c}$ quarks respectively; $c,d,e,f$ are color indices and
$\sigma$ and $\tau$ are the individual spins of the charm quarks.  The
factors involving $C_+$ and $C_-$ are Wilson coefficients which govern
the scale-evolution of the four-quark Fermi interaction.
$\Lambda^\mu_i$ (defined in detail in Ref.~\cite{bc}) is the Lorentz boost
matrix that takes a three-vector {}from the $c\bar{c}$ rest frame to the
lab frame . In the above equation, the term with the color
Kr\"onecker deltas contributes to the production of $c\bar{c}$ pairs in
color-singlet states, and the term with color matrices $T^g$ contributes
to the production of $c\bar{c}$ pairs in color-octet states.

{}From Eq.~\ref{bdecayfeynamp-reduced}, using the matching procedure
presented in Ref~\cite{makflem}, we determine the spin-summed
rate for $b \to J/\psi + X$ in the NRQCD factorization formalism:
\begin{eqnarray}
\label{totalfacform}
\Gamma(b \rightarrow J/\psi + X) & = &
\frac{G_F^2}{864\pi}\; \frac{(m_b^2 - 4 m_c^2)^2}{m_b^3 m_c}
\Big| V_{cb} \Big|^2 \;\;
\Bigg( 2(2C_+ - C_-)^2 (m_b^2 + 8 m_c^2)
         \big\langle{\cal O}^\psi_1({}^3S_1) \big\rangle \nonumber\\
& + & \;\;
       3(C_+ + C_-)^2(m_b^2 + 8 m_c^2)
       \big\langle{\cal O}^\psi_8({}^3S_1) \big\rangle \;\; + \;\;
 9(C_+ + C_-)^2 m_b^2
\big\langle{\cal O}^\psi_8({}^1S_0) \big\rangle \nonumber\\
& + & \;\;
  6(C_+ + C_-)^2 (m_b^2 + 8 m_c^2)
  \frac{\big\langle{\cal O}^\psi_8({}^3P_1) \big\rangle}{m_c^2} \;\;
\Bigg) \Big( 1 + O(v^2) \Big) \;
\end{eqnarray}
where, upon summing
over the light quarks $s$ and $d$, we
have used $|V_{cb}V_{cs}^*|^2 + |V_{cb}V_{cd}^*|^2
\approx |V_{cb}|^2$. We have taken the inital $b$-quark to be
unpolarized.  Here
$\langle{\cal O}^{\psi}_n\rangle\equiv\langle 0|{\cal O}^{\psi}_n|0\rangle$
are NRQCD $J/\psi$ production matrix elements.
We consider only the leading color-singlet piece and the leading
color-octet pieces in the relativistic $v^2$-expansion.  Our
calculation of the coefficients in the above spin-summed factorization
formula concurs with the results presented in Ref.~\cite{kls}.

According to the NRQCD $v$-scaling rules, the color-octet matrix
elements in Eq.~\ref{totalfacform}
are all expected to be suppressed by $v^4$
with respect to the basic color-singlet matrix element
$\langle{\cal O}^\psi_1({}^3S_1) \rangle$.
Thus, at the outset,
one would not expect the octet contributions to play a major role
in the production of $J/\psi$ articles.
However, as pointed out in Ref.~\cite{prolett},
the color-singlet coefficient $2C_+ - C_-$ decreases
significantly as it is evolved down {}from its value of 1
at the scale $M_W$ to its value of roughly 0.40 at the scale
$m_b$.  On the other hand, the color-octet coefficient
$(C_+ + C_-)/2$ increases slightly {}from 1 at the scale $M_W$
to roughly 1.10 at the scale $m_b$.
For this reason,
the octet contributions are actually
as important as, or more important than, the basic singlet
contribution.
In fact, the short-distance coefficients
in the color-octet terms are
some 50 times larger than those in the singlet term!

\section{Factorization formula for helicity rates}

In the previous section, we discussed how the serendipitous Wilson-coefficient
enhancement of the octet contributions
enables us to measure the color-octet matrix elements contributing to
the helicity-summed rate
$\Gamma( b\rightarrow J/\psi + X) $. This enhancement can be further
exploited to determine the color-octet matrix elements
by considering the polarization of the produced
$J/\psi$'s, as measured by the parameter $\alpha$
in Eq.~\ref{thetadefined} . It can be calculated via the formula
\begin{equation}
\label{alphasig}
\alpha =  \frac{\sigma(+) + \sigma(-) - 2 \sigma(0)}
                       {\sigma(+) + \sigma(-) + 2 \sigma(0)}
\end{equation}
where $\sigma(\lambda)$ represents the production rate
of $J/\psi$ with helicity $\lambda$.

Since $\alpha$ is a ratio, we need only calculate the relative sizes
of the various contributions to the helicity rates.  Thus, we need
only calculate the effective Feynman amplitude squared, evaluated in
the $b$ rest frame, with the $J/\psi$ momentum ${\bf P}$ oriented in
the positive $z$-direction.  In this case, the angular momentum of the
$J/\psi$ in the canonical $z$-direction corresponds simply to the
particle's helicity.

Beneke and Rothstein \cite{br} and Braaten and Chen \cite{bc} have
developed techniques for deriving the production rates of
quarkonia with specified helicities.  Applying
their
methods to the amplitude given in
Eq.~\ref{bdecayfeynamp-reduced},
we obtain
\begin{eqnarray}
\label{Rlambda}
\Gamma \big( b \to J/\psi(\lambda) + X \big)   & \propto&
2 (2C_+ - C_-)^2
\big\langle{\cal O}^\psi_1({}^3S_1) \big\rangle
\left[ (m_b^2 - 4 m_c^2) \delta_{\lambda 0} + 4 m_c^2 (1 - \lambda) \right]
\nonumber\\
& + & 3 (C_+ +  C_-)^2
\big\langle{\cal O}^\psi_8({}^3S_1) \big\rangle
\left[ (m_b^2 - 4 m_c^2) \delta_{\lambda 0} + 4 m^2 (1 - \lambda) \right]
\nonumber\\
& + & 3 (C_+ +  C_-)^2
\big\langle{\cal O}^\psi_8({}^1S_0) \big\rangle
m_b^2
\nonumber\\
& + & 9 (C_+ +  C_-)^2
\frac{\big\langle{\cal O}^\psi_8({}^3P_0) \big\rangle}{m_c^2}
\left[ (m_b^2 - 4 m_c^2) (1 - \delta_{\lambda 0})
+ 8 m_c^2  - 4 m_c^2 \lambda \right].
\end{eqnarray}
In displaying Eq.~\ref{Rlambda},
we have adopted the standard practice of rewriting the
matrix element $\langle {\cal O}_8({}^3P_1) \rangle$ using
the relation
\begin{equation}
\label{simplification}
\big\langle{\cal O}^\psi_8({}^3P_J) \big\rangle
\simeq
(2J + 1)
\big\langle{\cal O}^\psi_8({}^3P_0) \big\rangle .
\end{equation}
This latter relation is due to heavy-quark spin symmetry, and is
valid up to relative order $v^2$.
It must be kept in mind, however, that $b$-decay does not
actually produce $c\bar{c}$ states in the ${}^3P_0$ configuration
at leading order in the coupling constants.

Some consequences of angular momentum conservation and of the
left-handedness of the charged-current Fermi interaction
are illustrated in Fig.~2.  The thin arrow labelled
${\bf \stackrel{\rightarrow}{P} }$ represents the trajectory of
the center of mass of the $c\bar{c}$ system.  The other thin arrow
represents the trajectory of the $s$ or $d$ quark.  Thick arrows
denote intrinsic angular momenta, with $\lambda_{c\bar{c}}$ denoting
the helicity of the $c\bar{c}$ system
prior to hadronization.  Since the charged-current
Fermi interaction couples only the left-handed parts of the fermion
fields, the masslessness of the $s$ and $d$ quarks
ensures that they are emitted with negative
helicity.  Therefore, due to angular momentum conservation,
the helicity outcome $\lambda_{c\bar{c}} = +1$ is not allowed.  This
has certain obvious consequences for the $J/\psi$ helicity production
rates:  the basic color-singlet contribution (parametrized by
$\langle{\cal O}^\psi_1({}^3S_1) \rangle$ and involving the direct
hadronization of a color-singlet ${}^3S_1$ state into a $J/\psi$)
is zero for $\lambda = +1$, at lowest order in the relativistic expansion.
The same is also true of the $\langle{\cal O}^\psi_8({}^3S_1) \rangle$
contribution, which involves the hadronization of a color-octet
${}^3S_1$ state into a $J/\psi$ via the heavy-quark-spin-preserving
$L=0$ emission or absorption of two soft gluons~\cite{cw}.

The color-singlet contribution to the helicity rates of the $J/\psi$
produced in $b$-decay was calculated in the color-singlet model
by M. Wise in Ref.~\cite{wise} 16 years ago.  This author presented
expressions for the production rates of longitudinal and transverse
helicities, given in terms of the color-singlet radial wave function at the
origin.
The result in Ref.~\cite{wise} concurs with the first line of our
Eq.~\ref{Rlambda}.

\section{Prediction for the polarization parameter alpha}

While experimental determinations of
helicity-summed
$\Gamma(b\to J/\psi + X)$ have already been carried out~\cite{pdb}, a
measurement of the polarization parameter
$\alpha$ is not yet available.
Anticipating the availability of this latter measurement, it is
interesting to determine the range of $\alpha$ which
is predicted by the NRQCD factorization formalism.
Using Eqs.~\ref{alphasig} and \ref{Rlambda}, we can express $\alpha$
in terms of the NRQCD matrix elements.
Before proceding, however, we must first decide
which value of $m_b$ to use.
Since we are presenting a leading-order calculation, we
may in principle choose to
use either the pole mass or the $\overline{\mbox{MS}}$
mass for $m_b$, the difference between these two being merely a
higher-order-in-$\alpha_s$ effect. However,
it turns out that the
leading-order NRQCD prediction of
the polarization parameter $\alpha$ depends quite strongly on the
choice of $m_b$.
Therefore we report
results for a wide range of $m_b$, {}from 4.1~GeV to 5.3~GeV. This range
includes the values of $m_b=4.3\pm0.2$ GeV corresponding to
the $\overline{\mbox{MS}}$ mass, and the values $m_b=5.0\pm0.2$ GeV
corresponding to the pole mass determined on the lattice
\cite{bodwin}. Our range
is centered around $m_b = 4.7$~GeV, which is the central value
for the pole mass~\cite{pdb}. This choice is consistent with the fact
that the numerical value that we use
for $\langle{\cal O}^\psi_1({}^3S_1)\rangle$ is taken {}from
Ref.~\cite{bodwin}, in which the pole mass
was used in the extraction of the matrix element value.

For concreteness, we present in the text
below
only
our results for
the choice $m_b = 4.7$ GeV.  Using $C_+(m_b) = 0.868$,
$C_-(m_b) =1.329$ and $ m_c = 1.55 $ GeV, one
obtains the leading-order NRQCD prediction for the polarization
parameter
\begin{equation}
\label{bigresult}
\alpha = \frac{
         -0.39 \big\langle{\cal O}^\psi_1({}^3S_1) \big\rangle
     -   17    \big\langle{\cal O}^\psi_8({}^3S_1) \big\rangle
     +   52    \big\langle{\cal O}^\psi_8({}^3P_0) \big\rangle / m^2_c
}
{
              \big\langle{\cal O}^\psi_1({}^3S_1) \big\rangle
     +  44    \big\langle{\cal O}^\psi_8({}^3S_1) \big\rangle
     +  61    \big\langle{\cal O}^\psi_8({}^1S_0) \big\rangle
     + 211    \big\langle{\cal O}^\psi_8({}^3P_0) \big\rangle / m^2_c
} \;  .
\end{equation}

It must be noted that $\alpha$ depends only weakly on
$\langle{\cal O}^\psi_8({}^3S_1) \rangle$
and most strongly on
$\langle{\cal O}^\psi_8({}^3P_0) \rangle / m^2_c$.

We now procede to determine the range of $\alpha$
which is
consistent with existing information on the matrix elements
$\langle{\cal O}^\psi_1({}^3S_1) \rangle$,
$\langle{\cal O}^\psi_8({}^3S_1) \rangle$,
$\langle{\cal O}^\psi_8({}^1S_0) \rangle$, and
$\langle{\cal O}^\psi_8({}^3P_0) \rangle/m_c^2$
and with various constraints on linear combinations of these quantities.
We first review this information:
\begin{itemize}

\item Bodwin et al.~\cite{bodwin} have determined the color-singlet
matrix element $\langle{\cal O}^\psi_1({}^3S_1) \rangle$  {}from decay
rates of $J/\psi$ to lepton pairs to be $\langle{\cal
O}^\psi_1({}^3S_1) \rangle = 1.1 \pm 0.1 \; \mbox{GeV}^3$. The error
reflects theoretical uncertainties due to higher order $\alpha_s$ and
$v^2$ corrections. This phenomenologically extracted value for the
color-singlet matrix element is in agreement with the lattice
calculation result also
presented in~Ref.~\cite{bodwin}.

\item A constraint on the octet matrix elements is
given by the requirement that the theoretical prediction for the
spin-summed production rate $\Gamma(b \to J/\psi + X)$ given in
Eq.~\ref{totalfacform} be consistent with the experimentally measured
value of $3.42 \, \mu{\rm eV}$.  This constraint can be expressed as
\begin{equation}
\label{decayconstraint}
0.342~{\rm GeV}^3 = 0.096 \big\langle{\cal O}^{\psi}_1(^3S_1) \big\rangle
        + 4.21 \big\langle{\cal O}^\psi_8({}^3S_1) \big\rangle
        + 6.76\big\langle{\cal O}^\psi_8({}^1S_0) \big\rangle
        + 25.3  {\big\langle{\cal O}^\psi_8({}^3P_0) \big\rangle
        \over m^2_c}  \; .
\end{equation}
To compute the above experimental value of $\Gamma(b \to J/\psi + X) =
3.42\mu\, $eV, we have used
$BR\big(B({\rm
charge~not~determined})\to J/\psi({\rm direct})+X\big)$
=(0.80$\pm$0.08)\%, and $\tau$(averaged~over~$B$~hadrons)=1.54~picoseconds.
To compute the short-distance coefficients on the right-hand-side
of Eq.~\ref{decayconstraint}, we have taken
$G_F=1.1664 \times 10^{-5}$ GeV$^{-2}$~\cite{pdb} and
$|V_{cb}|=0.0381\pm0.0021$~\cite{beautyrome}.
One can attribute an error of roughly 30\% to the above equation, to
reflect relativistic corrections and uncertainties in the scale used
to evaluate the Wilson coefficients~\cite{prolett,be}.
It must be
pointed out that the color-singlet model prediction
for
spin-summed $J/\psi$ production
 --- obtained by setting
all color-octet matrix elements to zero, and using  $\langle{\cal
O}^\psi_1({}^3S_1) \rangle = 1.1 \pm 0.1 \; \mbox{GeV}^3$ --- is
roughly
one-third of the experimental value. However the NRQCD
prediction for the $b$-decay width
can be made to agree
with the experimental
measurements for reasonable values of the color-octet matrix elements.

\item Cho and Leibovich~\cite{cl} have performed a fit
to CDF data over low and high $p_T$ ranges and have found
\begin{equation}
\label{clmconstraint}
\big\langle{\cal O}^\psi_8({}^3S_1) \big\rangle  =  0.0066 \pm
0.0021~{\rm GeV}^3 \;
\end{equation}
and
\begin{equation}
\label{clspconstraint}
\big\langle {\cal O}^{\psi}_8(^1S_0)  \big\rangle + 3
{\big\langle {\cal O}^{\psi}_8(^3P_0)  \big\rangle \over m^2_c}  =
0.066\pm0.015~{\rm GeV}^3\; .
\end{equation}

\item {}From photoproduction data,
Amundson et al.~\cite{afm} have determined
\begin{equation}
\big\langle {\cal O}^{\psi}_8(^1S_0)  \big\rangle + 7
{\big\langle {\cal O}^{\psi}_8(^3P_0)  \big\rangle \over m^2_c}
= 0.020\pm0.001~{\rm GeV}^3 \; .
\label{afmbound}
\end{equation}

Note that the errors quoted in
Eqs.~\ref{clmconstraint},~\ref{clspconstraint}, and~\ref{afmbound} are
statistical only, and that the analyses
in \cite{cl} and \cite{afm}
did not take into account
theoretical uncertainties
due to next-to-leading order (NLO) corrections.
However we expect NLO corrections to be very large (see~\cite{cg}
for a discussion of NLO corrections in hadronic $J/\psi$ production
calculations). Moreover the photoproduction results of
Ref.~\cite{afm} may also have significant higher-twist
corrections~\cite{br}.

\item Finally, due to $v$-scaling arguments, we expect
the color-octet matrix elements to be roughly of order
$v^4\langle{\cal O}^\psi_1({}^3S_1) \rangle$.

\end{itemize}

With this information in mind,
we now determine the range of values of $\alpha$
that we can expect.
Our method of determining this range consists of
``scanning" through the three-dimensional parameter space
of the color-octet matrix elements,
and determining the
maximum and minimum value of $\alpha$ that occur in the
allowed volume.
Our scan is subject to the following constraints:
we allow $\langle{\cal O}^\psi_8({}^3S_1) \rangle$ to vary in the range
\begin{equation}
\label{clm2}
\big\langle{\cal O}^\psi_8({}^3S_1) \big\rangle  \in
[0.003,.014]~{\rm GeV}^3 \;  ;
\end{equation}
we allow the photoproduction-related linear combination
of $\langle {\cal O}^{\psi}_8(^1S_0)\rangle$
and $\langle {\cal O}^{\psi}_8(^3P_0)\rangle$,
to vary
in the range
\begin{equation}
\label{afm2}
\big\langle {\cal O}^{\psi}_8(^1S_0)  \big\rangle + 7
{\big\langle {\cal O}^{\psi}_8(^3P_0)  \big\rangle \over m^2_c} \in
[0.0,0.04]~{\rm GeV^3}\; ,
\end{equation}
where the range we have chosen takes into account theoretical
uncertainties due to NLO corrections and possibly
significant hight-twist corrections;
we allow the b-decay-related linear combination
given in Eq.~\ref{decayconstraint} to vary $\pm 30\%$ about the
central value of $0.342\, {\rm GeV}^3$, {\it i.e.}
\begin{equation}
\label{decayconstraint2}
0.096 \big\langle{\cal O}^{\psi}_1(^3S_1) \big\rangle
        + 4.21 \big\langle{\cal O}^\psi_8({}^3S_1) \big\rangle
        + 6.76\big\langle{\cal O}^\psi_8({}^1S_0) \big\rangle
        +25.3  {\big\langle{\cal O}^\psi_8({}^3P_0) \big\rangle
       \over m^2_c} \in [0.24,0.45]~{\rm GeV}^3  \; ,
\end{equation}
where the range we have chosen takes into account theoretical
uncertainties due to $v^2$ relativistic corrections as mentioned previously.
Note that the above constraints are sufficient to insure that the helicity
rates in
Eq.~\ref{Rlambda} are positive for each value of the helicity
$\lambda$.

To the above experimental constraints on the allowed parameter space,
we must of course add the theoretical requirement that the
absolute values of the octet matrix elements
respect $v$-scaling rules, {\it i.e.}
that they must not be unreasonably larger than
$v^4\langle{\cal O}^\psi_1({}^3S_1) \rangle \sim 0.1$.
Moreover,
we must impose on our allowed volume of parameter space
that the matrix element
$\langle{\cal O}^\psi_8({}^1S_0) \rangle$
always be positive.  No similar constraint need
to be applied to the matrix element
$\langle{\cal O}^\psi_8({}^3P_0) \rangle$.  Indeed,
it can be negative, for the following reason.
The bare matrix element (which is
of course positive definite) contains a power ultraviolet divergence.
Such a power ultraviolet divergence must be proportional to a matrix
element of an operator of lower dimension.  In the case of
$\langle{\cal O}^\psi_8({}^3P_0) \rangle/m^2_c$, the divergence is
proportional to
$\langle {\cal O}^\psi_1({}^3S_1) \rangle $ \cite{bbl}.
This divergence must be subtracted to
obtain the renormalized matrix element.  Since the
piece subtracted is comparable in magnitude to the bare
matrix element, the difference can be negative.
On the other hand, since the operator
${\cal O}^\psi_8({}^1S_0)$ belongs to the set of
lowest dimension NRQCD four-fermion operators, the bare matrix element
$\langle{\cal O}^\psi_8({}^1S_0) \rangle$ cannot have power
divergences.
Thus the subtractions
involved in renormalization cannot transform the
positive definite bare matrix
element into a negative quantity~\cite{ebpc}.
Due to these considerations, we therefore impose the
additional theoretical constraint
\begin{equation}
\label{s-constraint}
\langle {\cal O}^\psi_8({}^1S_0) \rangle  > 0.
\end{equation}

The constraints expressed in eqs.~\ref{clm2}, \ref{afm2},
\ref{decayconstraint2} and \ref{s-constraint}
together define the volume
in the three-dimensional parameter space that is allowed
by current experimental information and theoretical considerations.

In defining the allowed parameter space,
we have not used an experimental constraint on the CDF-related linear
combination presented in Eq.~\ref{clspconstraint}.
Interestingly, we find that with the imposition of
all the above constraints
(Eqs.~\ref{clm2} through \ref{s-constraint}),
this combination
is limited to take values in the range
\begin{equation}
\label{clps2}
\big\langle {\cal O}^\psi_8(^1S_0) \big\rangle + 3
{\big\langle {\cal O}^\psi_8(^3P_0) \big\rangle\over m^2_c}
\in [0.01, 0.06]~{\rm GeV}^3 \; .
\end{equation}
The central value of 0.066 quoted in Eq.~\ref{clspconstraint}
falls just outside the upper end of this range,
indicating a possible inconsistency between
the result of Ref.~\cite{cl} and the results {}from other
processes considered in the present analysis.

We now present our main result, which is the expected range of $\alpha$:
The {\it maximum} value for $\alpha$ ($-0.09$) is obtained when
$\langle{\cal O}^{\psi}_8(^3S_1)\rangle$ is at the minimum
of its allowed range and when the photoproduction-related combination
$\langle {\cal O}^{\psi}_8(^1S_0)\rangle + 7
\langle {\cal O}^{\psi}_8(^3P_0)\rangle/m_c^2$ is at the maximum
of its allowed range. The {\it minimum}
value for $\alpha$ ($-0.33$) occurs in the opposite situation.

So far in our discussion, we have considered only
the particular choice $m_b = 4.7$ GeV.
Table I shows how our findings depend
on $m_b$.
The main results are the NRQCD predictions for the range
of $\alpha$.
Alongside the full NRQCD results, we
display the color-singlet model predictions
for $\alpha$.
The error bars on the color-singlet-model predictions
reflect $v^4$ relativistic
corrections; the relativistic corrections to the color-singlet result
are of order $v^4$, not $v^2$ as one might expect {\it a priori},
because
the $v^2$ corrections to the helicity
rates factor  and cancel in the ratio $\alpha$.
In the other three columns of Table I,
we treat the quantities appearing at the top of the
columns as functions of the variables through which we scan;
we report the ranges of values of these
quantities that occur for the allowed parameter space.

\begin{table}
$$\vbox{\tabskip=0pt \offinterlineskip
\halign to \hsize{\strut#& \vrule#\tabskip 1em plus 2em minus .5em&
\hfil#\hfil &\vrule#& \hfil#\hfil &\vrule#& \hfil#\hfil &\vrule#&
\hfil#\hfil &\vrule#& \hfil#\hfil &\vrule#& \hfil#\hfil &\vrule#
\tabskip=0pt\cr
\noalign{\hrule}
&& && && && && && &\cr
&& $m_b$ && color-singlet && NRQCD
&&range of && range of && range of &\cr
&& && model predictions && factorization formalism &&
$\big\langle{\cal O}^{\psi}_8(^1S_0)\big\rangle + 3
{\big\langle{\cal O}^{\psi}_8(^3P_0)\big\rangle \over m^2_c}$
&& $\big\langle{\cal O}^{\psi}_8(^1S_0)\big\rangle$ &&
${\big\langle{\cal O}^{\psi}_8(^3P_0)\big\rangle \over m^2_c}$ &\cr
&& (GeV) && for $\alpha$ && predictions for $\alpha$
&&(GeV$^3$)&& (GeV$^3$)&& (GeV$^3$) &\cr
&& && && && && && &\cr
\noalign{\hrule}
&& && && && && && &\cr
&& 4.1 && $-.27\pm .03$ && [$-.23$, $-.14$] && [.08,.2] &&
[.1,.4] && [$-.06$,$-.009$] &\cr
&& && && && && && &\cr
\noalign{\hrule}
&& && && && && && &\cr
&& 4.4 && $-.34\pm .03$ && [$-.28$, $-.11$] && [.03,.1] &&
[.02,.2] && [$-.03$,.003]&\cr
&& && && && && && &\cr
\noalign{\hrule}
&& && && && && && &\cr
&& 4.7 && $-.40\pm .04$ && [$-.35$, $-.08$] && [.009,.06] &&
[$0$,.1] && [$-.01$,.006]&\cr
&& && && && && && &\cr
\noalign{\hrule}
&& && && && && && &\cr
&& 5.0 && $-.45\pm .05$ && [$-.42$, $-.09$] && [.002,.03] &&
[$0$,.06] && [$-.008$,.006]&\cr
&& && && && && && &\cr
\noalign{\hrule}
&& && && && && && &\cr
&& 5.3 && $-.49\pm .05$ && [$-.47$, $-.12$] && [.001,.02] &&
[$0$,.03] && [-.005,.005]&\cr
&& && && && && && &\cr
\noalign{\hrule}  }}$$
\caption{ Theoretical leading-order predictions for
the expected range of $\alpha$.
We present predictions for
$\alpha$ in the color-singlet model and in the NRQCD
factorization formalism.  The ranges are determined by
``scanning" through the  allowed volume in the
three-dimensional parameter space
constrained by Eqs. (12), (13), (14) and (15) and by finding
within that volume the
maximum and minimum occuring values of $\alpha$.
Results are given for various
values of $m_b$.
Also given, in the last three columns, are the
ranges of the CDF-related combination and
of the two matrix elements indicated,
resulting from
the set of constraints.
}
\end{table}

Our leading-order results depend strongly on the values taken for $m_b$ and
$m_c$.
As stated previously we have used $m_c = 1.55$~GeV to
generate the results given in Table~I. For
some optional choices of $m_c$ we
obtain
the following ranges of $\alpha$. Choosing $m_b =4.7$~GeV
and $m_c = 1.25$~GeV we find that $\alpha \in [-.53,-.12]$.
Choosing $m_b = 4.7$~GeV and $m_c = 1.85$~GeV we find
that $\alpha \in [-.22,-.13]$.

In general
for higher values of $m_b$ the predicted range for $\alpha$
enlarges. For increasing values of $m_c$ the minimum value we predict
for $\alpha$ becomes greater, while the maximum value
remains roughly unchanged.

A general conclusion that can be drawn by looking at
Table I is that the inclusion of octet matrix
elements {\it raises} the predicted range for $\alpha$ significantly
{}from the color-singlet prediction.

\section{Conclusion}

We have proposed that
a measurement of the polarization of $J/\psi$ particles produced in
the process $b \to J/\psi + X$
can furnish a useful new means of determining
the color-octet matrix elements involved in
$J/\psi$ production.
This measurement, which is not yet available,
will supplement existing experimental
information, which includes extractions
{}from CDF, photoproduction, and the helicity-summed
rate $\Gamma(b \to J/\psi + X)$.
Further experimental information would be of great utility, since
there currently prevails
a certain inconsistency between the values
of the matrix elements measured at CDF
and those values extracted {}from other processes.

We have presented the factorization formula
for the helicity-summed rate in Eq.~\ref{totalfacform}.
Rates for specified $J/\psi$ helicity have been calculated using the methods
of Beneke and Rothstein \cite{br} and Braaten and Chen \cite{bc},
and are presented in Eq.~\ref{Rlambda}.  The resulting
expression for the polarization parameter $\alpha$ is
given in Eq.~\ref{bigresult} (for the choice $m_b = 4.7~{\rm GeV}$).

In anticipation of the measurement of the polarization
parameter $\alpha$, we have found it
interesting to determine the range of $\alpha$ which
is predicted by the NRQCD factorization formalism, given
current experimental information on the NRQCD matrix elements.
We find that, for $m_b = 4.7~{\rm GeV}$,
$\alpha$ is expected to range {}from $-0.33$ to $-0.09$.
Our method of determining this range consists of
``scanning" through the three-dimensional parameter space
of the color-octet matrix elements
that is
allowed by the constraints
expressed in Eqs.~\ref{clm2}, \ref{afm2}, \ref{decayconstraint2}
and \ref{s-constraint}.
Upon inspecting the parameter-space volume so defined,
we find that the linear combination of matrix elements that
has been measured at CDF \cite{cl},
namely $\langle {\cal O}^\psi_8(^1S_0) \rangle + 3
\langle {\cal O}^\psi_8(^3P_0) \rangle/ m^2_c$
is limited to take values
{}from 0.01 to 0.06 GeV$^3$, a situation which
is at the threshold of incompatibility
with the value of $0.066 \pm 0.015$ reported in
Ref.~\cite{cl}.

In Table I, we have shown how our
leading order predictions depend on $m_b$.
In general, it can be concluded that
the inclusion of octet matrix
elements raises the predicted range for $\alpha$ significantly
{}from the color-singlet prediction, and
that the range of $\alpha$ broadens as $m_b$ is increased.

Unfortunately, due to the large number of poorly determined
parameters, including $m_b$ and $m_c$,  the expected
range of $\alpha$ as predicted by NRQCD is large.

It may be that an accurate NRQCD prediction of the polarization parameter
(beyond leading order)
will not be possible for a long time. This possibility, however, does
not degrade the importance of our calculation,
since an experimental
determination of $\alpha$ ---
in conjuction with our results --- will
most certainly serve to
tighten the constraints on the possible values of the color-octet matrix
elements. In fact, the NRQCD prediction for $\alpha$ is
very sensitive to the values of the color-octet matrix elements,
and this offers
the hope that a measurement of the polarization of $J/\psi$ produced
in $b \to J/\psi+X$ will be instrumental in determining
$\langle{\cal O}^\psi_8({}^3S_1) \rangle$,
$\langle{\cal O}^\psi_8({}^1S_0) \rangle$, and
$\langle{\cal O}^\psi_8({}^3P_0) \rangle$.

\bigskip\centerline{{\bf Acknowledgements}}

We would especially like to thank Eric Braaten for many helpful discussions,
and Geoffrey T. Bodwin for discussions
regarding the $b$-quark mass.  I.M. and S.F gratefully acknowledge
James Buck Monta\~no for his invaluable help with the computer
programming in various numerical analyses. We also wish to
acknowledge the hospitality of the University of Wisconsin-Madison,
Ohio State University (I.M.), and the University of Texas at Austin (S.F).
The work of S.F. was supported in
part by the U.S.~Department of Energy under Grant
no.~DE-FG02-95ER40896, in part by the University of Wisconsin Research
Committee with funds granted by the Wisconsin Alumni Research
Foundation.  The work of I.M. was supported by the Robert A. Welch
Foundation, by NSF Grant PHY 9511632, and by NSERC of Canada.  The
work of O.F.H. and H.N. was supported by les Fonds FCAR du Qu\'ebec and
by NSERC of Canada.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


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Is the coziness of progressives and foreign policy realists a strategic alliance or a sign that the conservative co-optation of "human rights" has disillusioned the left?
This past October after Brent Scowcroft, the National Security Adviser under George H.W. Bush, vented his frustration with the current Administration's foreign policy in an interview with The New Yorker, the liberal blogosphere anointed him a hero. "Scowcroft is a poet," gushed one blogger on Daily Kos, which trumpeted the news under the heading "Scowcroft's Scathing Critique of the Iraq Debacle." "Wow," cooed another. "Amen," wrote a third.
Some of what Scowcroft said about his former boss's son was indeed scathing. Scowcroft's admirers in cyberspace, though, were curiously silent about other, less savory aspects of his career. In 1989, several months after the Tiananmen Square massacre, for example, Scowcroft was dispatched to China to smooth over relations with Beijing, which he did by toasting his Chinese hosts at a banquet. He was Henry Kissinger's deputy back when the Nixon Administration was prolonging the Vietnam War. Like Kissinger, Scowcroft is a self-proclaimed realist for whom moral considerations pale next to strategic concerns.
This is not a school of thought that has traditionally mustered sympathy on the left. In the 1980s realists were among the people who argued that the United States should maintain cozy ties with apartheid South Africa if it suited our strategic interests. They had no objection, in principle, to forging alliances with dictators in countries like Indonesia and Chile. They scoffed at human rights advocates who demanded that foreign policy hew to certain ethical principles, a perspective realists tend to dismiss as naïve, since diplomacy is, at root, a Machiavellian struggle for power in a cutthroat world.
Many realists still hold such views. And yet, since the attacks of September 11, the gulf that once separated them from liberal and radical critics of US foreign policy appears to have narrowed, if not altogether disappeared. The views of realist thinkers like Anatol Lieven, Andrew Bacevich and Chalmers Johnson now appear frequently in the left-liberal press. This fall The Nation, whose pages have regularly featured their voices, will be co-hosting a discussion with The National Interest, a realist journal that has Daniel Pipes and Zbigniew Brzezinski on its masthead, about views of realism from the left and the right. Groups like MoveOn.org have sprinkled their press releases with collegial references to Kissinger and Scowcroft. The Coalition for a Realistic Foreign Policy, an alliance of experts that formed not long ago to oppose the Bush Administration's overseas agenda, has issued statements bearing the signatures of former Reagan Administration officials as well as left-leaning academics like Bruce Cumings, Joel Beinin and Marilyn Young.
The words sound eerily prescient. Before one goes too far in romanticizing Lippmann, though, it bears recalling that, as his biographer Ronald Steel has observed, the celebrated columnist "did not view foreign policy as a moral issue. For him it was a question of geopolitics and a cold calculation of national interest." Is the left in the era of George W. Bush resigned to seeing the world from a similarly jaded perspective? Shouldn't progressives who care about human rights and democracy–and want to see these terms reclaimed from the neoconservatives who have hijacked them–be concerned about this? Or is the rapprochement between realists and the left a healthy sign that progressives have given up on the misguided goal of aggressively promoting America's values abroad?
Like many realists, Ali and others on the radical left look askance at the idea of using American power–in particular, military force–to alleviate humanitarian crises of the kind that unfolded in Bosnia and Rwanda during the 1990s. "There are occasions in extremis when an intervention is needed, but even here it is best if it were carried out regionally," Ali believes. Practically speaking, this is not so different from what the CATO Institute's Ted Galen Carpenter told me. American troops should be deployed abroad, he said, only when there is a pressing "security issue" at stake. One side opposes "humanitarian intervention" because it will further an imperial agenda, the other because foreign policy shouldn't (to paraphrase a famous remark of Henry Kissinger's) be confused with charity work. Both balk at the sort of values-driven outlook that led some liberals to support the Iraq War on humanitarian grounds.
The debate about humanitarian intervention is arguably less pressing today than it was in the 1990s. Not so with human rights, an area where it seems that the views of realists and progressives would sharply diverge. Hard-core realists consider human rights a peripheral concern, at best. Liberals and radicals have spent decades dreaming of the day when America's leaders would place human rights principles at the center of their worldview.
Now that the Bush Administration (in its rhetoric, at least) has done just that, however, some on the left have begun to wonder whether those principles have been emptied of their meaning–or, worse, turned into a justification for launching unilateral wars. "The best hope for peace in our world is the expansion of freedom in all the world," declared Bush in his second inaugural address. "America will not pretend that jailed dissidents prefer their chains, or that women welcome humiliation and servitude," he proclaimed.
Lockman acknowledges that there is good reason some on the left have grown cynical about the very terms human rights and democracy. But, he adds, "in places around the world, people go into the streets and risk their lives for these things." Too often in the past, he contends, the left has failed to voice support for human rights in countries that happen to be enemies of the United States and thus made it easy for conservatives to claim they alone care about the people there, something he feels happened in the prelude to the war in Iraq. Although progressives drew attention to the inhumanity of the sanctions (which supporters of the war either ignored or justified), the crimes of the Baathist regime were often passed over in silence. This inattention was "a very grave problem because it allowed the right to seize the moral high ground," he argues.
Those on the left who wince at the very idea of exporting democracy are not necessarily apologists for the likes of Saddam Hussein. Like most people in the world today, they simply don't trust Washington's intentions. But the question remains: If the rhetoric of rights is dismissed as a mere cover for imperialism, where does that leave the ideology underlying it? Need that be discarded as well? Should activists in America not stand up for the rights of dissidents in places like Saudi Arabia, Pakistan and Egypt? Should we not express solidarity with those fighting against repression in places like Cuba and Iran? It's perfectly reasonable to debate the form such solidarity should take (US funding of opposition groups in Iran, for instance, has elicited complaints from within that country that this merely discredits and endangers those fighting for freedom there). But it's unsettling to imagine the very principle being questioned.
That said, there is no getting around the fact that terms such as freedom, human rights and democracy have acquired a bad name. Is there any way to alter this–to reclaim these terms from the neocons, who have sullied them in the name of regime change and unilateralism?
It's a fair point. But "progressive realism" could also be viewed as a clever rhetorical maneuver that glosses over the dilemmas that remain: what to do in cases like Rwanda, how to bal ance the pursuit of strategic interests with the principles of international law. More radical critics of US foreign policy, moreover, might argue that, whatever the label, you can be sure any foreign policy vision with establishment backing will end up benefiting the powerful. In practice, as critics like Noam Chomsky have frequently noted, both Wilsonian idealists and Kissingerian realists have sanctioned remarkably similar prescriptions for the developing world, which won't change until institutions like the IMF, and the distribution of power within the United States, are radically transformed.
Underlying the Chomskian view is a belief that those in the foreign policy establishment, Democrats no less than Republicans, share a set of core assumptions about how the world should be run. This might still be the case among politicians in Washington. But thanks to the radicalism of the Bush Administration, one could argue it is no longer true among intellectuals and foreign policy analysts, or for that matter the American people. You don't have to drop by the headquarters of the War Resisters League these days to find bracing critiques of US imperialism. You can find them in just about every issue of The National Interest. You don't have to go searching through the catalogue of Monthly Review Press for scathing assessments of America's policies in the Middle East. Just check out the new releases table at the nearest Barnes & Noble, or go to any city and listen to people talk about the war in Iraq. The left may be more removed from power today than it has ever been. But its ideas about what is wrong with US foreign policy are arguably more widely shared than at any time in recent history. Given this, engaging in dialogue with realists to forge a vision that might appeal to people across the political spectrum who are disgusted with the Bush Administration might not be the worst thing, provided it's understood there are risks as well as benefits to doing so, and that terms like human rights, freedom and democracy should not be thrown away, but salvaged.


text:
Q: condition if element is in list - ValueError, the true value is ambiguous I am trying to get all elements in pandas dataframe that are in a list
l = ['a','b']

df[df['col1'] in l]

returns ValueError.
Why?

A: To check if items in a dataframe/column are in a list, instead x in y, use x.isin(y):
df[df['col1'].isin(l)]

A: On a wild guess, I assume you probably need np.isin
>>> df[np.isin(df['col1'], l)]

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Halloween Traditions
Halloween, or some iteration of the holiday we celebrate today, has existed for approximately 2,500 years. Our celebration stems mainly from Irish immigrants and the Victorian era. In that tradition, the Molly Brown House Museum observes the Victorian enthusiasm for Halloween through authentic decorations showcased in Ladies Home Journals of the time. Halloween decorations, which can be enjoyed from October 4th through the 31st, help to recreate the feel of Halloween at the Brown family home.
Originally Halloween was celebrated on October 31st to correspond with the Celtic calendar and the Celtic festival of Samhain also called Summer's End festival which celebrated the last harvest. Celts incorporated symbols from their agricultural based society including fall harvest colors, corn, pumpkins, and carved potatoes. Wicca women, or the wise women of the village and symbols of death representing the end of the harvest were also important symbols of the festival. The Celts wore costumes made of animal pelts and feasted on the fruits of the harvest during the celebration. The Celtic festival eventually began to include aspects of Germanic, Roman and British harvest celebrations. When the Christian Church incorporated the pagan rituals November 1st became All Saints Day and October 31st was All Hollow's Eve, a night reserved for prayer.
A distinct version of Halloween was created in America as various beliefs and customs of European ethnic groups and Native Americans blended. A large influx of new European immigrants in the middle of the 19th century added their traditions to Halloween. Especially the millions of Irish immigrants fleeing Ireland's potato famine of 1846, brought more traditions and greater popularity to the holiday in America. The Victorians love of décor and disguises continued to popularize the customs of Halloween and created the celebration that we know today.
Dining Room set for Halloween
Halloween during the Victorian Era consisted of elaborate parties for young people. Popular women's magazines featured articles on throwing the best party and creating elaborate decorations. Unlike Christmas, Halloween was
a time to keep parties informal and fun. Children wore crepe paper costumes, masks, and party hats. Decorations within the home included corn stalks, jack o'lanterns, gourds, crepe paper streamers, and paper witches and ghosts. Typical party food included doughnuts, popcorn balls, apples, nuts, candied fruit, ice cream and cakes. Common games involved fortune telling and predictions about love. One game called "Hazelnut Game" was played by writing the names of suitors on a hazelnut shell and tossing it into the fire. Once the nut cracked due to heat it was analyzed to determine the fate of the couple's relationship. The nut that spoiled and cracked meant that the couple was in for a turbulent relationship and if one burned evenly symbolized undying passion. Another game, "Fortune Ball" was played by passing a ball of twine which had trinkets twisted into it. As the ball was passed it was unwound and the trinkets you received determined your fate. For example, if you received a thimble you were destined to be a spinster, a dime meant wealth and a ring was a sign of a marriage proposal. In order for the party to be considered a success it needed mystery and surprise.
Today most children go "trick or treating" which was not officially started in the United States until the 1920s. This custom can be traced to beggars asking for food when there was plenty to go around during the harvest celebration. Later, the tradition became a courting ritual, allowing young men to visit women in their homes and bring treats for the other children in the household. The couple was then encouraged to visit neighbors which allowed for them to have more time together. In America, trick or treating began in the north-eastern part of the country and had different roots. Children saw Halloween as a time to behave mischievously. The act of giving bribes to stop children from soaping windows and toilet papering trees started the tradition of giving candy. Halloween is now when the most candy is sold in the United States. The expression "trick or treat" became the Halloween greeting during the late 1930-1940s.
During the Victorian Era, the celebration of Halloween took hold in America and many of today's customs were developed. Today we find that while costumes and decoration are different than those in Molly Brown's time, the mystery and surprise of Halloween is a sentiment we still celebrate.
Casey2010-10-21T16:37:37-06:00


"Delete paragraph (r) of article 183 and amend the wording of paragraph (t) to read: 'To grant special pensions'".
Constitution in order to define and characterize the Guatemalan nation as being of national unity, multi-ethnic, multicultural and multilingual.
1. "United Nations Verification Mission in Guatemala: Report of the Secretary-General," United Nations General Assembly (A/53/421), September 28, 1998.
3. "United Nations Verification Mission in Guatemala: Report of the Secretary-General," United Nations General Assembly (A/55/973), June 1, 2001.
4. "Information Received from Governments: Guatemala," Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues, United Nations Economic and Social Council (E/C.19/2010/12/Add.8), March 3, 2010.
1. "Press Conference by Members of Guatemalan Historical Clarification Commission," United Nations, Press Briefing, March 1, 1999, accessed April 20, 2012, https://www.un.org/News/briefings/docs/1999/19990301.guate.brf.html.
3. "Guatemala: Memory of Silence," Guatemalan Commission for Historical Clarification, 1999, accessed April 20, 2012, http://shr.aaas.org/guatemala/ceh/report/english/toc.html.
4. Greg Brosnan, "4 Men Convicted in Murder of Guatemalan Bishop," The Washington Post (Reprinted from Reuters), June 9, 2001, A14.
5. "Guatemala: Memory of Silence," Guatemalan Commission for Historical Clarification, 1999, accessed 20 April 2012, http://shr.aaas.org/guatemala/ceh/report/english/toc.html.
6. "Press Conference by Members of Guatemalan Historical Clarification Commission," Press Briefing, United Nations, March 1, 1999, accessed 20 April 2012, https://www.un.org/News/briefings/docs/1999/19990301.guate.brf.html.
7. Will Weissert, "Guatemala's Truth Commission Report Falls on Deaf Ears," St. Louis Post-Dispatch (Reprinted from the Associated Press), February 20, 2000, A5.
8. Greg Brosnan, "4 Men Convicted in Murder of Guatemalan Bishop," The Washington Post (Reprinted from Reuters), June 9, 2001, A14.
9. "Report of the High Commissioner for Human Rights on the Situation of Human Rights in Guatemala," United Nations Economic and Social Council (E/CN.4/2006/10/Add.1), February 1, 2006.
10. "Rights courts condemns Guatemala in 1982 massacre," Associated Press Online, December 22, 2009.
11. "Guatemala judge denies ex-dictator's amnesty claim," Agence France Presse, March 2, 2012.
4. "Eighth Report on Human Rights of the United Nations Verification Mission in Guatemala," United Nations General Assembly (A/52/946), June 15, 1998.
5. "Ninth Report on Human Rights of the United Nations Verification Mission in Guatemala," United Nations General Assembly (A/53/853), March 10, 1999.
6. "United Nations Verification Mission in Guatemala: Report of the Secretary-General," United Nations General Assembly (A/54/526), November 11, 1999.
7. "Tenth Report on Human Rights of the United Nations Verification Mission in Guatemala," United Nations General Assembly (A/54/688), December 21, 1999.
8. "The Indigenous Peoples of Guatemala: Overcoming Discrimination in the Framework of the Peace Agreements, Verification Report," United Nations Verification Mission in Guatemala (MINUGUA), September 2001.
9. "Thirteenth Report on Human Rights of the United Nations Verification Mission in Guatemala," United Nations General Assembly (A/57/336), August 22, 2002.
10. "Fourteenth Report on Human Rights of the United Nations Verification Mission in Guatemala," United Nations General Assembly (A/58/566), November 10, 2003.
11. "2007 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices – Guatemala," State Department, 2008, accessed May 23, 2012, http://www.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/2007/100641.htm.
1. "Verification Report: Status of the Commitments of the Peace Agreements Relating to the Armed Forces," United Nations Verification Mission in Guatemala (MINUGUA), May 2002.
4. Ibid.; "Report of the United Nations Verification Mission in Guatemala (MINUGUA) for the Consultative Group Meeting for Guatemala," United Nations Verification Mission in Guatemala (MINUGUA), January 18, 2002.
5. D. Scott Bennett and Allan Stam, "EUGene: A Conceptual Manual," International Interactions 26 (2000):179-204; see http://eugenesoftware.org.
7. "United Nations Verification Mission in Guatemala: Report of the Secretary-General," United Nations General Assembly (A/53/421), September 28, 1998.
22. "Twelfth Report on Human Rights of the United Nations Verification Mission in Guatemala," United Nations General Assembly (A/56/273), August 8, 2001.
26. "United Nations Verification Mission in Guatemala: Report of the Secretary-General," United Nations General Assembly (A/56/1003), July 10, 2002.
27. "Thirteenth Report on Human Rights of the United Nations Verification Mission in Guatemala," United Nations General Assembly (A/57/336), August 22, 2002.
28. "United Nations Verification Mission in Guatemala: Report of the Secretary-General," United Nations General Assembly (A/58/267), August 30, 2003.
29. "United Nations Verification Mission in Guatemala: Report of the Secretary-General," United Nations General Assembly (A/59/307), August 30, 2004.
31. Ginger Thompson, "U.S. To Lift Ban on Military Aid to Guatemala," The New York Times, March 25, 2005, Section A, Pg. 6.
3. Ibid.; "United Nations Verification Mission in Guatemala: Report of the Secretary-General," United Nations General Assembly (A/53/421), September 28, 1998.
7. "Twelfth Report on Human Rights of the United Nations Verification Mission in Guatemala," United Nations General Assembly (A/56/273), August 8, 2001.
8. "United Nations Verification Mission in Guatemala: Report of the Secretary-General," United Nations General Assembly (A/55/973), June 1, 2001.
9. "United Nations Verification Mission in Guatemala: Report of the Secretary-General," United Nations General Assembly (A/56/1003), July 10, 2002.
10. "United Nations Verification Mission in Guatemala: Report of the Secretary-General," United Nations General Assembly (A/56/1003), July 10, 2002.
11. "Thirteenth Report on Human Rights of the United Nations Verification Mission in Guatemala," United Nations General Assembly (A/57/336), August 22, 2002.
12. "United Nations Verification Mission in Guatemala: Report of the Secretary-General," United Nations General Assembly (A/58/267), August 30, 2003.
13. "Fourteenth Report on Human Rights of the United Nations Verification Mission in Guatemala," United Nations General Assembly (A/58/566), November 10, 2003, Paragraph 25.
17. "2005 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices – Guatemala," State Department, 2006, accessed May 23, 2012, http://www.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/2005/61729.htm.
18. "2007 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices – Guatemala," State Department, 2008, accessed May 23, 2012, http://www.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/2007/100641.htm.
URNG disarmament was completed in 1997. Nevertheless, the government was also trying to collect illegally owned weapons.
2. "Eleventh Report on Human Rights of the United Nations Verification Mission in Guatemala," United Nations General Assembly (A/55/174), July 26, 2000.
3. "Thirteenth Report on Human Rights of the United Nations Verification Mission in Guatemala," United Nations General Assembly (A/57/336), August 22, 2002.
While URNG disarmament was successful, regulating weapon ownership remained a challenging task. While a MINUGUA report suggested that much of the equipment possessed by the Armed Forces was deteriorated and obsolete, most of the government's military spending was allocated to personal remuneration.4 Nevertheless, the government did not come up with the necessary laws to regulate the gun ownership as provided in the accords.
4. "Verification Report: Status of the Commitments of the Peace Agreements Relating to the Armed Forces," United Nations Verification Mission in Guatemala (MINUGUA), May 2002.
2. "United Nations Verification Mission in Guatemala: Report of the Secretary-General," United Nations General Assembly (A/51/936), June 30, 1997; "United Nations Verification Mission in Guatemala: Report of the Secretary-General," United Nations General Assembly (A/52/757), February 4, 1998.
3. "United Nations Verification Mission in Guatemala: Report of the Secretary-General," United Nations General Assembly (A/52/757), February 4, 1998.
4. "United Nations Verification Mission in Guatemala: Report of the Secretary-General," United Nations General Assembly (A/53/421), September 28, 1998; "United Nations Verification Mission in Guatemala: Report of the Secretary-General," United Nations General Assembly (A/54/526), November 11, 1999.
7. "United Nations Verification Mission in Guatemala: Report of the Secretary-General," United Nations General Assembly (A/55/175), July 26, 2000.
13. "United Nations Verification Mission in Guatemala: Report of the Secretary-General," United Nations General Assembly (A/59/307), August 30, 2004.
1. "Eighth Report on Human Rights of the United Nations Verification Mission in Guatemala," United Nations General Assembly (A/52/946), June 15, 1998.
2. "Guatemala," IDMC, 2009, accessed 29 May 2012, http://www.internal-displacement.org/idmc/website/countries.nsf/(httpEnvelopes)/EE4DEA6CC40B5692802570B8005A7316?OpenDocument.
3. "Disaster Biased against Poor," The Irish Times, City Edition (November 5, 1998, 13.
4. "Guatemala," IDMC, 2009, accessed 29 May 2012, http://www.internal-displacement.org/idmc/website/countries.nsf/(httpEnvelopes)/EE4DEA6CC40B5692802570B8005A7316?OpenDocument.
There were still more than 250,000 IDPs waiting for resettlement according to IDMC.
5. "Report of the United Nations Verification Mission in Guatemala (MINUGUA) for the Consultative Group Meeting for Guatemala," United Nations Verification Mission in Guatemala – MINUGUA, January 18, 2002.
6. "Guatemala," IDMC, 2009, accessed 29 May 2012, http://www.internal-displacement.org/idmc/website/countries.nsf/(httpEnvelopes)/EE4DEA6CC40B5692802570B8005A7316?OpenDocument.
8. "Guatemala," IDMC, 2009, accessed 29 May 2012, http://www.internal-displacement.org/idmc/website/countries.nsf/(httpEnvelopes)/EE4DEA6CC40B5692802570B8005A7316?OpenDocument.
It was estimated that between 250,000 to one million remained displaced in 2003.9 The Peace Secretariat (SEPAZ) and the National Council of Displaced People in Guatemala estimated that there were around 100,000 IDPs due to economic problems or lack of economic opportunities and also due to the internal conflict.
The Peace Secretariat (SEPAZ) and the National Council of Displaced People in Guatemala estimated found difficulty in establishing the exact number of IDPs. In 2004, these two organizations identified about 8,000 IDPs and assisted 3,500 by July 2004.
The IDP issue is still unresolved in Guatemala. No developments observed this year.
6. "United Nations Verification Mission in Guatemala: Report of the Secretary-General," United Nations General Assembly (A/55/175), July 26, 2000; "United Nations Verification Mission in Guatemala: Report of the Secretary-General," United Nations General Assembly (A/55/973), June 1, 2001.
7. "United Nations Verification Mission in Guatemala: Report of the Secretary-General," United Nations General Assembly (A/55/1003), July 10, 2002.
Legislative Degree No. 81-2002 established the Education against Discrimination Act.10 Government Agreement No. 526-2003 established the Vice-Ministry for Bilingual Intercultural Education.
9. "United Nations Verification Mission in Guatemala: Report of the Secretary-General," United Nations General Assembly (A/58/267), August 11, 2003.
10. "Information Received from Governments: Guatemala," United Nations Economic and Social Council, Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues (E/C.19/2010/12/Add.8), March 3, 2010.
11. "United Nations Verification Mission in Guatemala: Report of the Secretary-General," United Nations General Assembly (A/58/267), August 11, 2003.
12. "United Nations Verification Mission in Guatemala: Report of the Secretary-General," United Nations General Assembly (A/59/307), August 30, 2004.
13. "Information Received from Governments: Guatemala," United Nations Economic and Social Council, Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues (E/C.19/2010/12/Add.8), March 3, 2010.
15. "2007 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - Guatemala," State Department, 2007, accessed May 29, 2012, http://www.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/2007/100641.htm.
1. Mayan culture is the original basis of Guatemalan culture and, in conjunction with the other indigenous cultures, is an active and dynamic factor in the development and progress of Guatemalan society.
6. "Thirteenth Report on Human Rights of the United Nations Verification Mission in Guatemala," United Nations General Assembly (A/57/336), August 22, 2002.
7. "Information Received from Governments: Guatemala," Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues, United Nations Economic and Social Council (E/C.19/2010/12/Add.8), March 3, 2010.
Indigenous persons continued to be discriminated against in society. Traditional dress was still not accepted widely.9 As such, implementing cultural protection provisions of the accord is still a problem.
The accord contained provisions to reform the Radio Communication Law to make radio frequencies available for indigenous communities. No major developments were reported.
5. "2002 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - Guatemala," State Department, 2003, accessed May 29, 2012, http://www.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/2002/18333.htm.
6. "2007 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - Guatemala," State Department, 2008, accessed May 29, 2012, http://www.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/2007/100641.htm.
The timeline of the Peace Agreements originally stipulated the end of 2000 as the deadline for compliance. In 1997, implementation process started slowly.
1. "Verification Report: Status of the Commitments of the Peace Agreements Relating to the Armed Forces," United Nations Verification Mission in Guatemala (MINUGUA), May 2002; "United Nations Verification Mission in Guatemala: Report of the Secretary-General," United Nations General Assembly (A/55/389), September 14, 2000.
3. "United Nations Verification Mission in Guatemala: Report of the Secretary-General," United Nations General Assembly (A/55/389), September 14, 2000.
Even with the extensions, many were left unfilled as of 2007.
No major developments were reported related to natural resource uses.
4. "United Nations Verification Mission in Guatemala: Report of the Secretary-General," United Nations General Assembly (A/55/973), June 1, 2001.
5. "United Nations Verification Mission in Guatemala: Report of the Secretary-General," United Nations General Assembly (A/55/1003), July 10, 2002.
6. Marc Lacey, "U.S. To Cut Guatemala's Debt for Not Cutting Trees," The New York Times, October 2, 2006, Section A:4.
7. Maria Giovana Teijido and Wiebke Schram, "Guatemala's Indigenous Women in Resistance: On the Frontline of the Community Struggle to Defend Mother Earth and her Natural Assets," PBI, May 2010, accessed May 29, 2012, http://www.pbi-guatemala.org/fileadmin/user_files/projects/guatemala/fil...17, 27.
1. The Parties reaffirm the decision stated in the Framework Agreement of 10 January 1994 that all the agreements must be accompanied by appropriate national and international verification mechanisms, and that the latter must be the responsibility of the- United Nations.
1. "Report of the Secretary-General on the Implementation of Resolution 1094 (1997)," United Nations Security Council (S/1997/123), February 13, 1997.
Verification mission continued its works. No other significant developments reported.
With the liquidation of the UN mission in Guatemala in March 2005, the international or UN verification provision of the accord was implemented.


text:
Showing results by narrator "Michael A Morton" in All Categories
Whispersync
By: Neil Gaiman, Dirk Maggs
Narrated by: Riz Ahmed, Kat Dennings, Taron Egerton, and others
4.5 out of 5 stars 50,995
5 out of 5 stars 45,130
When The Sandman, also known as Lord Morpheus - the immortal king of dreams, stories and the imagination - is pulled from his realm and imprisoned on Earth by a nefarious cult, he languishes for decades before finally escaping. Once free, he must retrieve the three "tools" that will restore his power and help him to rebuild his dominion, which has deteriorated in his absence.
absolutely Epic!
By Victor @ theAudiobookBlog dot com on 07-16-20
Narrated by: Riz Ahmed, Kat Dennings, Taron Egerton, Neil Gaiman, James McAvoy, Samantha Morton, Bebe Neuwirth, Andy Serkis, Michael Sheen
Series: The Sandman, Book 1
4.5 out of 5 stars 50,995 ratings
Her True Story - in Her Own Words
By: Andrew Morton
Narrated by: Caroline Langrishe, Michael Maloney, Andrew Morton, and others
A reissue of this classic title, updated with never-before-published material from the original taped interviews and with a new introduction by Andrew Morton that reflects on the extraordinary circumstances surrounding the original publication of Diana: Her True Story. One of the world's best-known biographers, Andrew Morton's groundbreaking and controversial biography Diana: Her True Story changed the public's perception of the British monarchy and became an instant global best seller.
By Anonymous User on 10-23-21
Narrated by: Caroline Langrishe, Michael Maloney, Andrew Morton, Jennie Bond
The Inadequate Heir
By: Danielle L. Jensen
Narrated by: Summer Morton, Michael Pauley
4.5 out of 5 stars 3,386
A soldier raised as heir to an empire, Zarrah is motivated by two truths. The first is that the Veliant family murdered her mother. And the second is that her pursuit of vengeance will put every last one of them in their graves. The Endless War between Maridrina and Valcotta has raged for generations, leaving thousands of Zarrah's people dead and countless more orphaned. So when she's given command of the contested city of Nerastis, Zarrah is prepared to do whatever it takes to destroy the Maridrinian forces who oppose her. And to kill the Veliant prince who leads them.
HOW LONG AM I SUPPOSED TO WAIT FOR THE NEXT BOOK?
By Stefania on 11-24-21
Series: The Bridge Kingdom Series, Book 3
The Truth about Alice
By: Jennifer Mathieu
Narrated by: Saskia Maarleveld, Graham Halstead, Ali Ahn, and others
Everyone knows Alice slept with two guys at one party. When Healy High star quarterback Brandon Fitzsimmons dies in a car crash, it was because he was sexting with Alice. Ask anybody. Rumor has it Alice Franklin is a slut. It's written all over the "slut stall" in the girls' bathroom: "Alice had sex in exchange for math test answers" and "Alice got an abortion last semester." After Brandon dies, the rumors start to spiral out of control.
Surprised but I liked it!
By Yikes on 11-11-15
Narrated by: Saskia Maarleveld, Graham Halstead, Ali Ahn, Michael Bakkensen, Elizabeth Morton
Brutal Saint
Vicious Empire, Book 2
By: Luna Kayne
Narrated by: Eric Michael Summerer, Summer Morton
What are the chances that the man I shared a toe-curling, name-screaming, raging-hot one-night stand with is part of the crime family that's after me because I saw something I shouldn't have? One hundred percent. The chances are 100 freaking percent. At least I wasn't stupid enough to give him my real name.
Series: Vicious Empire, Book 2
Pre-order: Free with 30-day trial
Tired of Being Tired
By: Michael A. Morton M.A.
Narrated by: Michael A. Morton M.A.
He demonstrates the dynamics of stress and how dangerous it can be. Priests, religious, and laity today take on impossible jobs, suffer from insomnia, and weight gain. Morton reveals to the listeners ways to accept our destiny, embrace our humanity, and be true to ourselves. He affirms the importance of vacations and taking time for healthy hobbies so that we get enough exercise.
4 out of 5 stars 5 ratings


text:
Home » Speech Archive » Vol. LXXIII, No. 11 (November 2007)
Vol. LXXIII, No. 11 (November 2007)
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Return on Success
Address by George W. Bush, President of the United States
Delivered to the Nation, Washington, D.C. on September 13, 2007
Vol. LXXIII, No. 11 (November 2007), pp. 470
Address by Kevin P. Chilton, General, Commander, Air Force Space Command
Delivered to the 232nd Army Birthday Ball, Sheraton Hotel, Colorado Springs, Colorado on June 16, 2007
Rebuilding America
Address by Thomas J. Donohue, President and CEO, U.S. Chamber of Commerce
Delivered to 10th Anniversary Transportation Summit 2007, Irving, Texas on August 10, 2007
The Space Economy
Address by Michael D. Griffin, Administrator, National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Delivered to NASA 50th Anniversary Lecture Series, Washington, D.C. on September 17, 2007
Address by Gerard Kleisterlee, President and CEO, Royal Philips Electronics
Delivered to ASEAN Symposium on Access to Healthcare, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia on September 3, 2007
Address by William R. Brody, President, Johns Hopkins University
Delivered to the National Press Club, Washington, D.C. on September 7, 2007
Two Pillars of Central Banking
Address by Charles I. Plosser, President and CEO, Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia
Delivered to Pennsylvania Association of Community Bankers, 130th Annual Convention, Waikoloa, Hawaii on September 8, 2007
Address by Ronald D. Sugar, Chairman and CEO, Northrop Grumman Corporation
Delivered to Leadership Excellence Summit 2007, Annapolis, Maryland on July 19, 2007
EDWARD C. HALPERIN, M.D.	507You Receive a Garment When You Obtain Knowledgeof Good and Evil
Address by Edward C. Halperin, M.D., Dean of the University of Louisville School of Medicine, Ford Foundation Professor of Medical Education, Professor of Radiation Oncology, Pediatrics and History
Delivered to White Coat Ceremony, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Class of 2011, Louisville, Kentucky on August 5, 2007
Making Health Care Lean and Efficient
Address by Doug Kight, Vice President, Human Resources, The Boeing Company
Delivered to Robert Wood Johnson Foundation's Aligning Forces for Quality Conference, Seattle, Washington on June 27, 2007
Medical Innovation
Address by Bernard Poussot, Chief Operating Officer, Wyeth Pharmaceuticals
Delivered to American Legislative Exchange Council Annual Meeting, Chicago, Illinois on July 27, 2007


When a woman starts to fear that she may be pregnant then she first proves this by doing a pregnancy test in the house. Nowadays there are so many ways in the market with the help of which you can check the pregnancy sitting at home.
And every woman also trusts them and they also use them when needed. Since there are so many test markets available, it is difficult to rely on which one of the many options to trust.
If you are going to use a digital pregnancy kit to check the pregnancy at home, then tell you that it will not be able to see much difference from normal pregnancy.
To check pregnancy, most of the Euronee Test is trusted only. This is the first and easiest way to know whether HCG is a human chorionic gedatropin hormone or not in urine. Pregnancy depends only on the decrease and decrease of the hormone.
In the early part of pregnancy, the HCG level is low but as time goes on, its level also increases. Apart from this, a Quantitative pregnancy test is also done these days, in which the SCG is detected. The doctors suggest this test to those women who are in danger of miscarriage.
In today's growing infertility, some medicines are available in the market that helps increase fertility. If you have also used these medicines, then it is more likely that the pregnancy test done at home is not correct.
In such a case, you may not be pregnant, yet your test positive is coming. Not only this, but you may also get confused with your pregnancy test due to any kind of disturbances in the pyush gland.
If you are going to use a digital pregnancy kit to check the pregnancy at home, then tell you that it will not be able to see much difference from normal pregnancy. It is not necessary that you use expensive kits for a pregnancy test.
If you have used the pregnancy test kit then you will know that it is used only in the morning to do it. The test should be done in the morning because HCG in the body starts forming after a few hours of sleeping in the morning.


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This holiday season it will be easy to get pulled and stretched in different directions. When I work with people on balancing the demands we are challenged with, I often have them think of an equilateral triangle. On each side of this triangle are equal representations of you, family/friends, and work. During this time of year, it's likely that this triangle gets stretched in ways that no longer feel equal. While the ebb and flow of each day may temporarily move our focus around, it's important that we have balance, to be strong for ourselves, and still have enough to give to others in our life and have the energy to be effective at work.
Check your calendar, whatever you use to schedule your day and see what shows up. Often, you'll find important appointments or business meetings, but what else is there? Since what shows up on our calendar tends to take priority, consider writing or inputting other things you've been meaning to get to, that reflect a more balanced triangle. If you only input work agendas, you may not leave time for yourself. If you don't input anything, your day may get away from you. Each day, schedule something for all parts of your triangle. Allow your calendar to reflect you, those who need attention in your life, and your business as well.
As you schedule the three aspects of your life as often as you can, you will condition mindfulness toward the many things that draw your attention. You'll be realistic in what you can accomplish each day and you'll create parameters to keep you on task. Try it out and let me know what challenges you.


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By Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky. Extracts from the Ballet "The Sleeping Beauty". I. Introduction. Riccardo Muti conducts The Philadelphia Orchestra.
By Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky. From The Nutcracker.
By Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky. First movement (Pezzo i forma di sonatina: Andante non troppo; Allegro moderato) from Serenade for Strings.