"Magrathea is a myth, a fairy story, it's what parents tell their kids about at night if they want them to grow up to be economists, it's..." Douglas Adams, Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy.
What books should you give your children (nieces, nephews, friends) if you want them to grow up to become economists?
Harry Potter's magical universe is a Thatcherite's nightmare with its protectionist restrictions against magic carpet imports and bloated public sector. With a tri-metalic (gold/silver/bronze) currency and no paper money, effective monetary policy is impossible. The economic fundamentals of the wizarding world are basically unsound.
What about some of the classic children's literature? The entire Chronicles of Narnia is a paean to autarky. Devotees know that other countries lie north and south of Narnia, but their inhabitants are (mostly) evil and untrustworthy, and any contact, including trade, is generally avoided. The Lord of the Rings? The Battle for the Shire is a Luddite uprising, a fight against economic development and greater integration of the Shire with the rest of Middle Earth.
The recent series The Hunger Games does feature entrepreneurial heroes, including one who provides for her family by buying a goat and marketing goat's milk products. However even here the lack of respect for property rights - the celebration of poaching, for example - is to be deplored.
The Wizard of Oz might be a good choice, especially if supplemented by additional readings on the underlying monetary allegory. But unfortunately Baum seems to have been more concerned with the politics of bimetalism than the economics.
In general, it is hard to point to books for budding economists. Perhaps the difficulty stems from the nature of the economics discpline. Innovation and discovery makes for good stories. Mainstream economists take production functions as given, and leave the study of entrepreneurship to their business school colleagues. Personal relationships add drama to any tale. Yet the paradigmatic perfectly competitive market is a place where all agents are price-takers and all goods are homogeneous - power, personality and politics don't matter.
This is unfortunate because, as Deirdre McCloskey has argued, an economy needs ethical soil in which to grow. What she calls the "bourgois virtues" of hope, faith and love, of justice, courage, temperance and prudence, are the basis for flourishing capitalism.
McCloskey's thesis is good news for lovers of children's literature, since there are dozens of children's books that celebrate McCloskey's bourgois virtues: the power of love drives the plot of A Wrinkle in Time; The Golden Compass is a study of courage; Thomas the Tank Engine praises prudence. Harry Potter defeats Voldemort because he has love and courage, things that Voldemort, in his quest for immortality, has forgotten. But are these books for econonomists, or for emergent capitalists?
I don't have time to write more, so please add your suggestions and thoughts in the comments.
Thanks to Nick for suggesting the McCloskey angle.
Autarchism and autarkism are different things, as a note. Feel free to delete this comment when you've fixed the spelling (if it is indeed an error).
JL - "This is the kind of preoccupations that polarises politics..."
I guess you aren't the kind of person who reads Harry Potter and ponders the implied relative price ratios, e.g. 1000 galleons is enough capital to start a small business (Tri-Wizard Cup Winnings, given to Fred and George Weasley, to found their company), v. 10 galleons for a pair of omnioculars. See also: http://www.fan-groups.com/post/5163/Definate_prices_for_magical_items?.html.
"Attack now or never; with a single ship, or all the force in the Empire; by military force or economic pressure; by candid declaration of war or by treacherous ambush. Do whatever you wish in your fullest exercise of freewill. You will still lose."
"Because of Hari Seldon's dead hand?"
"Because of the dead hand of the mathematics of human behavior that can neither be stopped, swerved, nor delayed."
The two faced each other in deadlock, until the general stepped back.
He said simply, "I'll take that challenge. It's a dead hand against a living will."
If there is a story which crystallizes a celebration of social analysis, Foundation is probably it.
Atlas Shrugged swings toward the opposite extreme in terms of this attitude, with society dependent on a handful of individuals. AS perhaps functions best as reminder that the revenue curve does eventually slope downward; in terms of characterization, property rights, or economic concept, it is as cavalier as a lot of fiction out there. I think Heinlein's libertarian phase would be better but for some reason it is rarely cited as inspirational, whereas AS is; Heinlein is more anti-government than pro-capitalist, to be sure.
The Life and Times of Scrooge McDuck is probably the only comic-book that celebrates a capitalist in a human fashion. The economics is not the core of it, though.
For budding economics in general, perhaps one of those city-building or civilization-building PC games would be a better choice.
Eliezer Yudkowsky noted that the fixed metal ratios in Harry Potter should be subject to arbitrage in his HP fanfic. I'm not sure if it was noted previously elsewhere.
JL - I've updated the post to point out what any Harry Potter fan knows already, i.e. that Dumbledore is a strong advocate of bourgois virtues.
On reflection, encouraging capitalism as an ideology (accepting that incentivized capital accumulation is necessary for human material welfare) is one thing, encouraging becoming a capitalist is another, and encouraging an attitude that all of this can be subject to analysis is a third. For the first, PC games rather than fiction, I think. For the last, Isaac Asimov.
No-one can understand Jurassic Park (the book) and not question socialism. The key theme is the limitations of our ability to manipulate complex systems. If there's a book to act as a prolegomena to Hayek's The Fatal Conceit, it's Jurassic Park.
Films: Local Hero can be used to explain economic theory (e.g. one can explain the relative attitudes towards money of Burt Lancaster's star-obsessed philanthropist and the avaricious Scottish fishermen using marginal utility analysis; the attitudes towards Trudy the Rabbit are an example of the subjectivity of value between those of us who think of rabbits as easily shot food and those who think of rabbits as pets) while also illustrating "bougeosis" virtues. It has the added benefit of being utterly hilarious.
As for computer games, Sim City 3000 and the indie game Democracy 2 are a good guide to unintended consequences in economic policy; the benefits of government providing a basic environment for enterprise and then staying away; and a lot of public choice theory, especially in Democracy 2 where the best policy and re-election are usually incompatible.
Sim City 3000? A 1999 game? You're showing your age, W. Peden ;) Tropico 4 for a 2011 equivalent, perhaps.
Jurassic Park has the flaw that the limitations occur in an environmental of corporate greed and selfishness whilst the heroic escape and re-assertion of control over the park is carried out through individual self-sacrifice and academic intellect; unless you start reading it with Hayek in mind, you are likely to leave with quite a different moral.
And even in the case of an economic lesson, one is more likely to leave more partial to Paul Ormerod or J. Barkley Rosser rather than Hayek; there is a whole tradition of chaos theory and economics that completely discards the Austrian approach.
I'd suggest The Gulag Archipelago, but more for a teenager than a kid.
Though if fiction is a requirement, then One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich would work better.
I didn't really notice the whole corporate greed aspect, but that's because (a) I saw the film first and (b) by the time I read the book I was already familiar with Michael Crichton's general contrarianness and therefore disinclined to look for simple messages.
David : "On reflection, encouraging capitalism as an ideology (accepting that incentivized capital accumulation is necessary for human material welfare) is one thing, encouraging becoming a capitalist is another, and encouraging an attitude that all of this can be subject to analysis is a third."
Frances: "I guess you aren't the kind of person who reads Harry Potter and ponders the implied relative price ratios"
W. Peden: "the attitudes towards Trudy the Rabbit are an example of the subjectivity of value"
Who says a budding economist has to be a free marketeer? Aren't those books great for a wee leftie?
Thomas the Tank Engine has a good bit of allegory in the second quarter of the series. "Troublesome Engines" parodies the strike-prone nature of British Railways in the 1950's. Rev. W. Audrey was a thorough railfan and he always wanted a firm, realistic inspiration for his stories and his engines (minus the faces).
The famous story "Henry and the Flying Kipper" came about when Audrey could not agree with his illustrator over the latter's image of Henry. Audrey was very specific on his engines, usually basing them on models from his own model railway or on famous British locomotive classes. Henry originally was just an illustrator's flight of fancy, much to Audrey's annoyance. So Audrey wrote a story where Henry was wrecked and reconstructed into a London, Midland & Scottish "Black 5" 5MT.
By chance it became one of the most popular stories in the series.
Though the beginning of the "The Flying Kipper" has a great narrative on the role and imperative of international trade. The whole Railway Series is a paen to technological change and the economic disturbances that result from that.
It's also a lesson in the Internet. When I was listing to the stories before bed in Grade 1 there was a form in the back of the books where you could order a map of the Island of Sodor (for money). My family never spent that money. That map is now available for free on the internet, just when my niece will start to take an interest in the books.
Determinant: ""Troublesome Engines" parodies the strike-prone nature of British Railways in the 1950's."
"He says I have black wheels, but I don't, do I?"
"No, Thomas," said the Fat Controller, "Your wheels are just fine."
"Black wheel" being a reference to a "black leg" or a striker-breaker.
Regarding the economics of Harry Potter: Harry Potter and the Methods of Rationality: The Efficient Markets Hypothesis. The whole thing is pretty good.
Suggested book: Charlie and the Chocolate Factory. Discusses income distribution and the effect of income on health (Charlie and his family contrasted with the other kids), asymmetric information in industrial organization (Wonka's secrecy and its motives), many examples of unintended consequences (the misadventures of the kids other than Charlie), the economics of bundled products (chocolate plus lottery ticket sells much more than chocolate alone), and the economics of slavery, unfortunately in a rather pro-slavery version (the Oompa Loompas).
That book features the a full-blown strike or occupation with "Deputation" too by Gordon, Henry and James.
Chris Auld - Charlie and the Chocolate Factory.
if there was a golden ticket for best suggestion, you would win it. You are so totally, absolutely and completely right.
Unfortunately you neglect to mention Dahl's insightful analysis of women's labour force participation, and the difficulties of balancing paid and unpaid work (Charlie's mother).
Also, as a health economist, what James and the Giant Peach - the bit about the parents being gobbled up by a rhinoceros. Their troubles were over and done with in five second flat, but James was very much alive, and alone in a bit and unfriendly world. What is it that we should really fear?
There's an interesting and I think relevant backstory to Raold Dahl and kiddy litter. He was originally writing macabre adult stories that didn't bring in much money. Then his wife (a successful film actress) got seriously ill, and then his young son got hit by a car. Both needed very expensive care, and they lost his wife's income. So in desperation he turned to writing children's books to earn money.
Do children really react to Charlie and the Chocolate Factory by contemplating those ideas?
Paul Krugman: "I got into economics because I wanted to be Hari Seldon."
Krugman again: "Charles Stross's Merchant Princes novels, on the other hand, are economic science fiction worth reading."
Nick Rowe: Roald Dahl "was originally writing macabre adult stories that didn't bring in much money."
I find that surprising. My favorite episodes of Alfred Hitchcock Presents were written by Roald Dahl. To my mind he ranks with Bradbury, Chesterton, and Lafferty.
I don't know about books. (Next post, though. :)) I would encourage any interest in biology, which many kids have, and in strategic n-person games.
Min: It was in his autobiography (Flying Solo?) where I think I remember him saying he switched to concentrating on children's literature to bring in money. But I can't find the book now, and my memory may be off.
There is some interesting economics in The Bible. Genesis has counter-cyclical gov't policy and debt servitude. There is also debt forgiveness. The New Testament has the parable of the talents, "render unto Caesar", early church communism, and more.
I am somewhat surprised that no one has mentioned Dickens. He was a keen observer of society and a critic of the economics of that time. The 19th century saw the emergence and development of many social, political, and economic themes of our times, among them free markets, democracy, the modern corporation, the labor movement, gov't welfare. Dickens was at ground zero.
He was also the English Language's first commerical author in that he was a middle-class man doing it for a living. He had to support his large family. Previous authors were scholars, churchmen or minor nobility who wrote for a hobby. Actors/Theatre proprietors like Shakespeare were they only people who made a living in the literary arts.
He broke ground on copyright and royalties.
I'd also watch as many WWI movies as I could. Even after a century, macro can still be thought of as an attempt to explain why the economies of 1925 were not and could not return to the "golden age" of 1913. To understand the present it is crucial to understand on both a factual and emotional level the turmoil we went through in 1914-1918 and the bitter disappointment of interwar economic results.
Remember the suitable for children criterion - this may or may not eliminate Dickens, Ayn Rand, the Bible and the Foundation trilogy?
Min: the question in my mind about Dickens is whether, from our vantage point, the Christmas Carol reads as a critique of the capitalist system, with its vivid portrayal of working class poverty, or a blueprint for sustainable capitalism, with its emphasis on the power of private charity, and harms that can be caused from excessive savings. Put another way - it was radical then, is it radical now, or conservative?
Determinant: I too find the choice of what is considered good for a budding economist and bad for a budding economist to be very interesting. The Luddite uprising of the Shire reflects a particular moral and political perspective. So young economists must abjure said perspective?
Sustainable Capitalism based on private charity? I've always thought that was a red herring argument and a nirvana fallacy.
In the limit a charity donation from everyone is the same as a tax; the difference reduced to a sham and the pretense of "voluntarism" becomes contrived.
If one does use one's power to abstain from donating you are either being remiss in your duties, shortchanging others or simply exercising your right to control your money. There is no perfect solution here.
Simply because the "government" is involved does not make it bad, the right's continual attempt to argue this is the greatest logical fallacy of our times. The right has so demonized the word "government" that is had become an "If-by-Whisky" fallacy.
"In the limit a charity donation from everyone is the same as a tax"
That was the worst part of a generally unseasonal comment.
"Simply because the "government" is involved does not make it bad, the right's continual attempt to argue this is the greatest logical fallacy of our times"
No, I think that the present of that title still goes to the Strawman.
Mandos "The Luddite uprising of the Shire reflects a particular moral and political perspective. So young economists must abjure said perspective?"
Honestly, the scouring of the Shire is just about my favourite part of the entire Lord of the Rings trilogy. The thing that I find most annoying about the novels is the lack of realism when it comes to the amount of gear required for months of camping out. I mean, did Tolkien ever do any serious wilderness camping? Did he have any idea how much stuff weighs? Especially water.
"On reflection, encouraging capitalism as an ideology (accepting that incentivized capital accumulation is necessary for human material welfare) is one thing, encouraging becoming a capitalist is another, and encouraging an attitude that all of this can be subject to analysis is a third. "
Tolkien clearly rejects the first, and probably the second and third as well actually.
But if you think that McCloskey is right, and bourgeois virtues are the ethical soil in which capitalism grows, then there might be something worth salvaging in Tolkien after all - there's lots of love, faith, hope, courage etc there.
Determinant, you must have read The Railway Man?
Now I'm off to make cinnamon buns for Christmas morning.
At risk of being flamed, I don't care much for the Scouring of the Shire or Tom Bombadil.
I rather more like the Gondor bits.
I took an Engineering degree so I'm not a Luddite. One of my first-year history electives even taught me what that is!
Determinant, sorry, it's called The Thomas The Tank Engine Man. Biography of Awdry.
What example does he give to budding capitalist?
A lot of stuff by Kurt Vonnegut is great - especially the stories within stories told by Kilgore Trout (a recurring character in Vonnegut's books). I always thought those stories contained some pretty cool thought experiments.
For older kids, 'Grapes of Wrath' and 'A house for Mr. Biswas' provide an emotional connection to the great depression and long-run economic growth respectively.
The project is to revive such an beneficent ideology of deal-making for the middle class—or rather the project is to make it respectable again among the clergy, since it does not need to be "revived" in capitalist practice. Vibrant ideologies of the aristocrat and the peasant still persist, I have argued, doing some good and a lot of evil. We need to revive a serious ethical conversation about middle class life, the life of towns, the forum and agora. We need to get beyond the project of damning a man of business because he is neither an exalted aristocrat nor an unassuming peasant-proletarian. The conservative program of handing things over to a class of pseudo-aristocrats trained at Andover and Yale or the radical program of handing things over to a proletariat-friendly Party of bourgeois-born young men have not worked out very well. We need an ethical bourgeoisie.
I think McCloskey is wrong, and that it is not in fact necessary nor sufficient for societies to raise the status of the bourgeoisie in order for a political economy favorable to economic growth to flourish. The non-Japanese high-performing Asian economies regard the bourgeoisie pretty badly, even today: the student revolutionary and the autocratic technocrat hold particularly dear places in these countries because of their peculiar postwar histories; unlike the West in general, these groups have at times achieved landscape-altering political power and today these countries are liberal and rich, so they get the credit respectively. Japan is a little different, but the "sararīman" there is openly pejorative regardless.
Conversely a society that grants the bourgeoisie too much status can end badly, particularly when the relevant bourgeoisie are numerous small capital- or land-owners who have an incentive to oppose, rather than support, substitutive industrialization, financialization, or increased specialization. Societies already dominated politically by a united front of the petite-bourgeoisie, so to speak. Sometimes the existing middle-class can have no material interest in further structural change; this probably only happens in the instances national identity and geographical zones of economic development conflict, but it happens. See post-independence India to see how well this works out over the long-run, with small businesses continually agitating against trade liberalization ever since Gandhi tied it to anti-colonialism. See Thailand for a more recent example of political dysfunction.
With all that said, I don't think books that encourage respecting capitalists and books that encourage analyzing capitalists tend to go well together. Status is a zero-sum game and status to being an economist comes at the expense of the object of study.
David, " We need to get beyond the project of damning a man of business because he is neither an exalted aristocrat nor an unassuming peasant-proletarian. "
Great comments, and thank you for addressing the substance of McCloskey's ideas. If you look at the post-Soviet countries, though, you can see McCloskey's point - the ones that were able to build on some minimal amount of private ownership, i.e. Poland, have done better than the ones where state assets passed directly into the hands of a kleptocracy.
"A lot of stuff by Kurt Vonnegut is great"
Vonnegut wrote Player Piano which is the inspiration for one of my all-stime favourite Nick Rowe blog posts (of Horses and Men).
The competitors to McCloskey's hypothesis, like the North/etc. neoclassical institutionalists, are also able to account for the post-Soviet experience, though. Indeed those would be closer to your own statement of it. McCloskey's would run along identifying some difference in Polish vs. Ukrainian culture and status assignments, with the Polish existence of a property-owning tradition being the intermediary rather than the cause.
[T]here was a type of employee at the beginning of the Industrial Revolution whose job and livelihood largely vanished in the early twentieth century. This was the horse. The population of working horses actually peaked in England long after the Industrial Revolution, in 1901, when 3.25 million were at work. Though they had been replaced by rail for long-distance haulage and by steam engines for driving machinery, they still plowed fields, hauled wagons and carriages short distances, pulled boats on the canals, toiled in the pits, and carried armies into battle. But the arrival of the internal combustion engine in the late nineteenth century rapidly displaced these workers, so that by 1924 there were fewer than two million. There was always a wage at which all these horses could have remained employed. But that wage was so low that it did not pay for their feed.
david: "wages so low": so are a lot of peole in the 3rd world. Contrary to Chinese propaganda films of the 50's (those by Joris Ivens were so beautiful...and stupid)we don't build dams with peasants hauling baskets of earth.As a poor society, if we do that we'll die of starvation ( hello Great Leap Forward) and there is the value of time.
The cartoon portrays a future economist. Shouldn't it says future business girrrl?
Conversely a society that grants the bourgeoisie too much status can end badly, particularly when the relevant bourgeoisie are numerous small capital- or land-owners who have an incentive to oppose, rather than support, substitutive industrialization, financialization, or increased specialization.
But there are good reasons at least sometimes to oppose these things. As Ha-Joon Chang's Bad Samaritans points out devastatingly again and again, trade liberalization can very well be a tool of colonialism.
Mandos: "this is all being discussed under the premise that a budding economist should be a budding supporter of capitalism..."
Yes and no. The reason I talked about McCloskey is that I really didn't want to assume that premise, but I realize that's not 100% obvious from reading the post. Indeed, the challenge of finding books for budding economists does raise questions about the relevance and realism of economic thought.
Actually, I should have included cracked.com as recommended readings (not quite a book, but almost counts) because they have some great articles on poverty and behavioural economics.
Gandhi did oppose trade liberalization, but he also opposed industrialization and specialization - he did not just want the British to stop exporting factory-made cloth to India. He wanted Indians to continue weaving cloth by hand, too. You can make a case against a given proposal for marginal trade liberalization on the Rodrik-esque grounds that the losers are quite likely to be uncompensated by the winners* and so on, but opposing domestic industrialization would be quite beyond Ha-Joon Chang.
There are powerful institutional factors, I think, that explain why India has a curiously anemic industrial sector compared to its developing peers, and why the service sector has ended up leading its current burst of growth instead.
On the note of trade liberalization. Can you imagine 60s India aggressively encouraging its former colonial master back to conduct foreign investment? Yet that is exactly what South Korea did with Japan and when people rioted, Park had soldiers shoot the rioters. It's not foreign imperialism but nobody said pursuing industrial policy is nice.
* note that the HPAEs did not compensate their domestic losers either, despite aggressive industrial policy** during their periods of highest growth. With the exception of HK and (mostly) Japan, considerable violence was employed to keep things this way. Policy is uniformly a tool of the powerful, domestic or foriegn; I think the trick to engineering capitalism is to align the interests of the existing domestic wealthy powerful with capital accumulation and the continued existence of the regime under which this takes place.
** Yes, this includes Singapore and Hong Kong. Industrial policy goes beyond tariffs, which hurt the rich in entrepôt cities - engineering housing and education policy toward overtly industrial ends replaces this instead. Singapore did the nationalization/wage-setting thing for about two decades, too.
Mr. Woolley, budding economists are not yet economists! I think you are overestimating the degree to which non-economists are inclined to consider social phenomena from a neoclassical, Freakeconomics-esque perspective. Raising the status of social analysis is more effective than merely mentioning social phenomena which can be analyzed from a neoclassical POV (and a literary one, or an ethical one, or a political one, etc.).
I always thought that Frances Woolley was a "Frau Professor Doktor (econ.)".
Before I forget, for slightly less young audiences (I'd say late teens and above), I'd include much of China Miéville's novels as well, particularly the New Crobuzon books (e.g. Iron Council).
david: re policy and the powerful. Well, yes, but that doesn't mean that policy is the best way to have a shot at controlling the powerful under present conditions, cf. here.
Policy is what lever you have. Controlling the powerful is ambitious; aligning their interests with the state is a little easier (it is not accidental that Singapore and Hong Kong pay their civil servants extraordinarily well. Who is the wealthy elite in these states?).
David - Professor or Frances, please.
Must go to put on turkey.
Merry Christmas to the four excellent authors at this blog!
There was no room at the inn for my last comment. Herod the Spam Filter seems to have stopped it.
Great suggestions, thanks you. That makes me think of other fables and folk tales, e.g. Brothers Grimm and Hans Christian Andersen. Little Match Girl for poverty and child labour.
Merry Christmas to you, too, - commentators like you are what make this blog.
Don't forget The Miser, who did not put his wealth to good use. It's a perfect story for the gold bug claims that the ancient world used gold because it respected savings and preferred accumulators. Yes, gold was in use, but the ancient world compensated for it by heaping opprobrium on creditors and hoarders.
It's interesting to see the difference in perspective between economists and linguists, with economists being very keen to prescribe correct vs incorrect applications of economics, while linguists have largely abandoned prescriptivism as a mistake and view simply describing language and leaving correct usage up to the users as preferable.
Richard Scarry's "What Do People Do All Day?" provides an awesome overview of how society works, aimed at small children and illustrated with anthropomorphic animals. The first story, "Everyone is a worker", includes a capsule description of income, consumption, savings, and investment. "[The farmer] had saved enough money to buy a new tractor. The new tractor will make his farm work easier. With it he will be able to grow more food than he could grow before."
Other stories talk about food production ("Where bread comes from"), home construction ("Building a new house"), and forestry ("Wood and how we use it"). The story about road construction ("Building a new road") includes a brief mention of how it's funded, namely taxation. Apparently the unabridged edition even includes a section on sewers and water treatment! The only major thing missing from Richard Scarry's portrait of the world is war.
Dr. Seuss - "The Sneetches" - is a classic for discrimination and signalling.
Leo: in matters of daily prescription, linguists behave like the scientists they are. Language teachers OTOH are still confusing ruling class approved with "real language".
"commentators like you are what make this blog."
"David - Professor or Frances, please."
Whoops again! I think I've been unforgivably rude here. I apologise.
david - no worries. Ideally (and Nick is much better at this than I am) the comments on this blog are like a graduate student seminar. So it's seminar rules - which are different from the rules of everyday conversation.
Leo: "economists being very keen to prescribe correct vs incorrect applications of economics"
Here again there's a crucial distinction to be made between economics as a method, as a way of thinking about and understanding the world, and a particular set of economic policy prescriptions, i.e. capital accumulation is a good thing.
I dont't know about books, but since someone mentioned computer games, there actually is One that clearly stands above others. That game is an Eve Online, a MMORPG that is almost completely based on player interactions in a sandbox environment. Items, guns, ships and almost everything that is actually usable is created/manufactured by players. There are specific carrier paths such as miners, researchers and producers, NPC mission farmers (doing missions for cash and loot) that bring raw material and products to the market for traders to trade. Costs of almost everything is based on the supply/demand (and on location of the station where the trade is about to happen). And location is very important as there are dangers in form of Player-Pirates preying on other players hauling goods across star systems for profit. Players can create corporations and alliances, with their own structure and there is more. The game developers actually employ chief economists - Mr Eyjolfur Guomundsson that studies data of this Game Universe and who presides its economy no unlikely to what a Central Banker work could be. He is concerned in things like inflation (as players can get fixed cash rewards by doing missons - think of helicopter drops) he studies transactions so that the game is balanced.
J.V. Dubois - people must have created games like that or similar for use in teaching Econ 1000, but I don't know if any.
Monopoly is an interesting game to analyze from a monetary economics perspective. There are continual injections of cash into the system as players pass go, but then this cash is invested in purchases of property. Where it gets interesting is in terms of what is done with fines. In some versions of the game, fines are paid to the bank, so tend to be a deflationary force. In other versions, fines are placed on Free Parking. The possibility of winning the Free Parking lottery makes the game more exciting, but without the reduction in the money supply through fines, no one ends up going bankrupt, and the game can continue - it seems like - indefinitely.
Some of today's undergrads will have played Roller Coast Tycoon. That game had all sorts of interesting possibilities - e.g. you could sell drinks at a low price and not build any bathrooms, and then open one and charge $20 for admission. The strategy increased profits, but tended to decrease the cleanliness of the park.
No, I have not read Rev. W. Audrey's biography but I have seen websites dedicated to his books and which detail his career, such as his testy relationship with his first illustrator which drove him to write "The Flying Kipper" so he could get his way.
There are lots of websites which detail the multitude of "In" jokes in The Railway Series.
When Donald and Douglas, two Scottish freight engines are introduced, Donald is Caledonian Railway 57545 and Douglas is 57646. Douglas says in the story "I hope the Fat Controller doesn't realize I shouldn't be here".
Caledonian Railway 57545 was a real engine of the type illustrated; 57646 is an imaginary literary invention and shouldn't really be in the story. It's Audrey giving the reader a wink and a nudge.
I don't understand why children's literature should celebrate capitalism. I thought economics, as a science, is free from value judgments as such. Besides, economic systems depend on society's welfare function, not on the dictates of economists.
With that in mind, I would suggest Asimov's Foundation series, as has already been suggested.
Cornelius "I don't understand why children's literature should celebrate capitalism."
It shouldn't. Economics is about a particular way of seeing the world, a way of thinking about human actions and interactions. See, e.g. Chris Auld on Charlie and the Chocolate Factory earlier in the comments.
Books that violate the fundamental laws of economics, just like books that violate the fundamental laws of physics, may be fun to read, but there's always something slightly awry.
Mandos "Except that the two are in no way equivalent..."
True, noisy explosions in space (impossible: sound does not travel in a vacuum) don't bother me nearly as much as fictional characters failing to respond to changes in relative prices.
The BIBLE, would be a good place to start. Teithing and Prayers would help !
Jane Jacobs describes the difference between the ethical systems of "traders" and "raiders" in her book "Systems of Survival." In business, for example, you need to be honest and trustworthy, while in a military conflict, you often need to employ deception.
I suspect that nearly all narratives aimed at children and adolescents will tend to be founded on some kind of conflict, and this will emphasize the "raider" way of thinking. The Lord of the Rings, Harry Potter, and the Hunger Games are all explicitly about war. The protagonists all demonstrate great physical courage, but not the ability to cooperate with potential rivals.
Games seem like a more promising avenue. We've been playing Settlers of Catan with our kids (9 and 8), and they like it a lot.
It's a bit like Monopoly, but it's much more carefully designed for playability: even when it's someone else's turn, you can still collect resources and make trades, instead of having to just wait for your turn again.
And unlike Monopoly, trading is an integral part of the game. There's five different commodities (grain, wool, wood, etc.). You need all of them, and you typically only have access to three of them, so you always need to trade with the other players. You quickly learn about supply and demand: if grain is scarce, for example, and wool is plentiful, you might expect to have to trade two or three wool resources for one grain resource.
In learning physics, one of the things we need to do is override the naive or folk physics that seems to be hard-wired into our brains. For example, our intuition tells us that a heavy object falls faster than a light object; and has a hard time understanding that a bullet fired horizontally from a gun will hit the ground at exactly the same time as a bullet dropped from your hand.
Similarly, I think that children probably have naive economic principles which are wrong. Our intuition is that income is proportional to hard work (think of the story of the Little Red Hen). It's not intuitive that labor is a commodity, subject to supply and demand. A garbageman may receive a high wage if there's not many people who want to collect garbage, while someone who spent years studying to obtain a doctorate in theology may receive a low wage if there's not many employers who need a theologian. It's supply and demand, not fairness, which determines wages.
Russil: "Jane Jacobs describes the difference between the ethical systems of "traders" and "raiders" in her book "Systems of Survival." ...I suspect that nearly all narratives aimed at children and adolescents will tend to be founded on some kind of conflict, and this will emphasize the "raider" way of thinking."
Russil, that's a very interesting distinction, and a good suggestion for the trading game.
On traders and raiders - TV is where "raider" values are promoted - e.g. the plots of shows like Family Guy routinely involve deception. Books (and perhaps this is my bias in terms of the books I like to read) do seem to be in general more promoting of trader values.
This is the nature of the medium - TV requires a watchable conflict that can be resolved in 30 minutes or less (quick resolution), books let characters plod along for hours or days or weeks or years.


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Fortnite's Buried Treasure Maps Now Live With 8.01 Update
X marks the spot.
By Kevin Knezevic | @kevknez on March 7, 2019 at 7:10AM PST
Gears 5 Boss Talks Smoking And Tobacco In Game - GS News Update
Cyberpunk 2077 Lore Book Gets Release Date - GS News Update
Rare $60,000 Pokemon Card Gets Lost In Mail - GS News Update
Now Playing: Fortnite Gets Buried Treasure Maps And Slide Duos LTM - GS News Update
$308.00 on Amazon
Update: Epic's 8.01 update for Fortnite: Battle Royale is now live across all consoles. This week's patch introduces a new limited-time mode along with the recently teased Buried Treasure maps, which work a little differently from the game's previous treasure hunts. The original story follows.
Season 8 of Fortnite is now live across all platforms, and just as Epic teased prior to the start of the season, this one is themed around pirates. Already the developer has added a new pirate area and weapon to the battle royale game, and it appears another pirate item is on the way this week: treasure maps.
Fortnite's in-game News feed is teasing the imminent arrival of new Buried Treasure maps. It's unclear just how these items will work, but the News feed says they're "coming soon" to the game, and they'll allow players to "scour the island for hidden loot." You can take a glimpse at the maps below.
Epic has yet to confirm when the Buried Treasure maps will go live in Fortnite, but the developer likes to advertise new items shortly before they're added in the game's next update, so the maps will presumably arrive alongside this week's patch. Barring any unexpected delays, Epic typically releases updates for Fortnite on Tuesdays, although the developer hasn't announced the timing of this week's patch yet.
Season 8 of Fortnite officially kicked off on February 28 with the release of the big 8.0 update. A lot has already changed this season, particularly regarding the game's map. Epic has added three new areas of the island to explore: Sunny Steps, Lazy Lagoon, and a giant volcano.
Of course, a new season has also brought with it a new Battle Pass, which gives players a chance to unlock a slew of new skins and other cosmetics. There are already some new challenges to complete as well. You can find tips for those in our complete Season 8 challenges guide.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Sunday was Isla's last lesson with Anne and we had high hopes for it to be brilliant, as you usually do when you've been looking forward to something all week. I can say that this lesson was a 'good' lesson - if anything these lessons have taught me that Isla will dictate how the lesson goes and this week she did well, but because I was on a high about how good she was last week I thought it was going to be the same again. In her defence she has a cough and about 8 BIG teeth cutting through, so I'm not going to quibble if she's a bit clingy in the pool one week. Anne as usual was her calm, patient self which helps a lot when Isla's not playing ball!
We did some practicing at jumping in the pool and that went fairly well as she could see the older children doing it and she likes the splashing! We used the float again and also some wind up toys that we put in the water just out of reach to encourage her to reach out with her arms. We reinforced on her the need to kick her legs, regularly uttering 'Kick, kick, kick, kick!'. She did a couple of bits with her face under the water but she was quite clingy in the pool and had a cough, so think that she wasn't quite sure this week. Anne was so pleased with her though and says that she will be a great little swimmer - and that's good enough for me!
And so I come to the end of my review posts for Isla's lessons with Swim Baby Swim UK, it may be my last review but it's not the end of the road for Isla and her lessons with Anne, we've decided that she has really achieved over the past 6 weeks and we've booked up for a further 6! All in all we've had some brilliant family time, we've immersed Isla in a hobby that we hope she will learn and improve at. I feel it is so important to learn to swim. It is a life saving skill and in time we hope to have plenty of holidays to my parents house abroad where a large communal pool won't pose a hazard for our family, it will be place of fun. I myself was taken to regular swimming lessons when I was child by my dad and I remember it fondly. I want Isla to experience the same. Also from talking to Anne I've realised that it really is the earlier the better when it comes to starting babies swimming lessons, as babies are born with the ability to swim. So when baby boy comes along we will definitely be getting him used to the water just like his big sister.
I'd like to say thank you to Anne for the opportunity and we look forward to continuing with Isla's lessons for the foreseeable future.
This is a sponsored post, we received a course of 6 swimming lessons. Opinions expressed are my own and are completely honest.


Lincoln Rowe sent in this one. "This summer I marched with Southwind. This is a picture of the '05 Southwind contras, our visual tech, and our drum major from our last day of rehearsal in Boston. "This was a pretty emotional day. It was the day that I realized that I might not be able to see these people ever again. I came in to fill a hole for the corps around June 28. I can honestly say I have never had people welcome me like this section did. In the beginning I was a scared rookie, but by the end they made me feel like I was a part of the family." Thanks Lincoln! E-mail your best shots from the summer to dave@dci.org along with where and when the photo was taken. Send some biographical information about yourself as well. We'll give you full credit. Also, let us know if you want your e-mail address included.


Having endured 128 years of incessant ocean waves, merciless seagulls and generations of day-tripping tourists, Bournemouth Pier has become legendary for its sturdiness.
But even the toughest and oldest of reputations can tumble, so when Energyst CAT Rental Power was asked to place two huge generators on the shore at the start of the pier they knew stealth would be key factor.
The replacement of an ageing sewage pumping system responsible for much of the town's daily waste demanded that a temporary pumping system be put in place to maintain a safe and continuous flow below the structure.
Local concern about the beloved structure's wellbeing meant the work, carried out for the main contractor, The Damar Group, would be done under the vigilant gaze of many, as the pier is a top tourist attraction that draws many hundreds of thousands of visitors annually.
Wolverhampton-based Energyst and its client of many years, Addicott Electrics of Teignmouth, Devon, installed the generators for The Damar Group. Addicott's sales director, Richard Codd explained: "It took an entire morning for us to very carefully transport the units to the pumping station and great care was taken to make sure we didn't damage anything on the pedestrian area by the pier.
"Ordinarily the pier area is only open to pedestrian traffic so the heavy machinery's presence was quite a spectacle in itself.
While the Damar Group's staff worked flat out to replace the incoming HV transformers and LV electrical panels for the new pumping system, the Energyst units maintained a constant flow of power.
The complex job had the added difficulty of requiring virtual silence for the duration of the week that the task took – no mean feat when the gargantuan 600KVAs were pumping out more than enough power to keep an entire housing estate in operation.
"The idea of such heavy equipment operating all day also caused some concern among locals until they realised the Energyst generators would operate silently," said Dave Dodge, Energyst's sales engineer for the South. "This is a great achievement when you consider these machines are powerful enough to run an entire housing estate or a very large shopping centre.
"It was a big job and these units performed flawlessly throughout the operation.
Respecting the safety of historic ocean-bracing structures aside, Energyst's pan-European approach gives a consistent solution based offering to some of the largest customers in Europe.
Energyst has won a solid reputation for its supply of the exclusively Caterpillar power generation and temperature control units to businesses as diverse as petro-chemical plants to famous sporting events including the Aintree Grand National.


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Walmart goes Solar
May 30, 2013 · by agreenerlifeagreenerworld	· in #Ikea, #Sainsburys, #Walmart, Renewables, Solar, USA.	·
By Anders Lorenzen
Sweden's IKEA does it, so does the United Kingdom's Sainsbury's and now USA's Walmart does it too. We're not talking about some new groundbreaking furniture or food project but about renewable energy.
On 15th May Walmart announced the completion of eight new solar photovoltaic (PV) arrays in Massachusetts at its Walpole Store.
With almost 10,000 panels, the solar PV arrays throughout the state will provide 2.8 million kilowatt hours (kWh) annually, saving approximately 1,484 metric tons of carbon dioxide emissions (CO2e) annually – roughly the equivalent of taking 309 cars off the road.
It was marked at an event at its Walpole store, which on its own will generate more than 380,000 kWh annually, saving roughly 200 metric tons of CO2e per year.
Commenting on the project David Ozment, senior director of energy at Walmart said:
"The stores in Massachusetts demonstrate our commitment to increasing the share of renewable energy that powers our stores and improving energy efficiency, we believe in helping our customers live better by providing every day low cost and more environmentally friendly alternatives, like renewables. It's our goal to eventually be supplied by 100 percent renewable energy.''
In Europe supermarket retailer Sainsbury's and furniture chain Ikea has received praise for their aggressive approach towards renewable energy. Last year Sainsbury's claimed to be the largest solar power generator in Europe boasting 70.000 solar panels in 170 of its stores. IKEA plans to be 75% powered by renewable sources by 2015 and 100% by 2020.
According to Massachusetts Department of Energy Resources Commissioner, Mark Sylvia, the state is starting to see the benefits of its Governor, Deval Patrick's, leadership and success in energy efficiency and solar energy which have placed Massachusetts at the head of the clean energy revolution.
"Investments from business leaders like Walmart have helped the Commonwealth meet our 250 megawatt solar goal four years early and earn the #1 national ranking in energy efficiency two years in a row."
Sylvia commented.
Andrew Chester of Greenskies Renewable Energy, LCC, who worked with Walmart on the project, said of the partnership: "We are proud to partner with companies like Walmart to help them achieve their renewable energy goals by producing clean solar power and reducing their operating expenses."
Walmart is the world's third biggest corporation and the largest retailer in the world. It will undoubtedly be a big boost to the global green economy that they're seeing renewables as the future in powering their stores.
Sub edited by Charlotte Paton
← Opinion: British farmers need to be involved in the renewable energy revolution
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One response to "Walmart goes Solar"
Muhammad Imran September 11, 2014 at 07:25 · · Reply →
In simple words,very imortant and great achieving solar energy / solar power efficiency means eliminating all the devices comprising a great part of your electricity bill.
commercial solar panels uk solve this problem 'Eliminating' can be done here…. Solution


We're not all app developers around here, so it's nice to have options when it comes to product pitches, app concepts, and just everyday tech tinkering. To get started, take a napkin or any scrap of paper. Draw out your schematic diagrams for some buttons, user interface, and menus. Next, let Marvel turn it into a tappable, interactive demo. No coding required.
What's not to like? It's free!!
Since the app uses Dropbox to source your sketches, you'll need that to get started. there's also support for Photoshop files, so if you're a designer, this is a pretty good option for dirty or clean drawings.


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Q: Prefer unordered_set over vector Is it safe to say that if I don't want duplicates in my container, and I don't care about element position as I only want to iterate through the container, then I should use an unordered_set instead of vector?

A: Not entirely. unordered_sets are not required to be contiguous containers; in the case where you'd frequently want to read all numerous values contained in the set, you may prefer std::vector on time-critic application.
std::unordered_set:

Internally, the elements are not sorted in any particular order, but organized into buckets. Which bucket an element is placed into depends entirely on the hash of its value. This allows fast access to individual elements, since once a hash is computed, it refers to the exact bucket the element is placed into.

But in the general case, I'd say Yes.

A: I generally prefer vector or map. (or in your case, std::set).
Hash tables can be faster than maps/sets (red-black trees), but red-black trees have guaranteed performance 100% of the time. And logarithmic performance is REALLY fast! A hash table kan kill performance when it starts rehashing.
std::vector is the workhorse of the STL and should be your default choice. Vector is very straightforward, and is very cache-friendly

A:
Is it safe to say that if I don't want duplicates in my container, and I don't care about element position as I only want to iterate through the container, then I should use an unordered_set instead of vector?

No, it is not. It depends on many factors. For example if you seldom add new elements but iterate over container quite often it would be preferable to use std::vector and maintain uniqueness manually. There also could be other factors affecting your decision. But normally yes you may prefer std::unordered_set as it simplifies your program.

A: This article by Matt Austern is related to this topic and it is worth reading:
Why you shouldn't use set (and what you should use instead) by Matt Austern
This thread is trying to identify conditions under which unordered_set is preferable over vectors. Similarly, in the above article, the author clearly identifies four conditions, which all need to be satisfied in order to prefer set over a custom but simpler data structure called sorted_vector (last section: What is set good for?). It will be interesting to clearly state a set of conditions for preferring unordered_set over vector.
also, the last paragraph of the article summarizes a useful rule to keep in mind:

Every component in the standard C++ library is there because it's useful for some purpose, but sometimes that purpose is narrowly defined and rare. As a general rule you should always use the simplest data structure that meets your needs. The more complicated a data structure, the more likely that it's not as widely useful as it might seem.

A: Of course yes. If you do not want duplicates, you have to use a key-aware container, and since unordered_* totally win over their tree-based counterparts, this is pretty much your only choice.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Amy Duncan is a Scottish singer/songwriter whose deeply honest writing is only enhanced by her delicate but rich vocals. Her emotive folk sound has already been compared to other great female artists such as Joni Mitchell and Patti Smith.
Her fourth album Cycles of Life was produced by Calum Malcolm, and released on Linn Records in 2013. Since then Amy was chosen by Showcase Scotland as one of two Scottish acts to perform at the Eastern Canadian Music Alliance in April 2014 and was part of the Made In Scotland Showcase at the Edinburgh Fringe in 2013 and 2014.
Amy organised and performed 12 dates in a Creative Scotland funded tour of Scotland in summer 2014 and is now recording her new album Undercurrents to be released in 2015.
Hear singer/songwriter Amy Duncan live this summer.
Get to know Amy Duncan with More than the Music's fast five.
Edinburgh-based singer-songwriter announces Linn debut.


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Q: Having issues running turtle.py, can't seem to get the module to run properly I'm fairly new here and still in school so apologies if this is simple but I can't seem to get turtle to work in pycharm or any other IDE. If anyone has any info please let me know.
My code:
#Super basic code to test turtle in pycharm
import turtle
wn = turtle.Screen()
yertle = turtle.Turtle()
wn.exitonclick()

yertle.forward(100)
yertle.left(120)
yertle.forward(100)

Error after the window has closed:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Users\Tom\PycharmProjects\pythonProject\main.py", line 6, in <module>
    yertle.forward(100)
  File "C:\Program Files\Python39\lib\turtle.py", line 1638, in forward
    self._go(distance)
  File "C:\Program Files\Python39\lib\turtle.py", line 1606, in _go
    self._goto(ende)
  File "C:\Program Files\Python39\lib\turtle.py", line 3159, in _goto
    screen._pointlist(self.currentLineItem),
  File "C:\Program Files\Python39\lib\turtle.py", line 756, in _pointlist
    cl = self.cv.coords(item)
  File "<string>", line 1, in coords
  File "C:\Program Files\Python39\lib\tkinter\__init__.py", line 2762, in coords
    self.tk.call((self._w, 'coords') + args))]
_tkinter.TclError: invalid command name ".!canvas"

A: The problem is that when you call the turtle.exitonclick() method, it's telling turtle

Hey, the program is over, time to allow the user to close the window by clicking.

Now, you get the error because after the window is closed, there are some more turtle command for the program to go through, and those command need a turtle window to run on.
The fix is simple, relocate the wn.exitonclick() call to the bottom of your code, where you are sure that the program is over:
import turtle

wn = turtle.Screen()

yertle = turtle.Turtle()
yertle.forward(100)
yertle.left(120)
yertle.forward(100)

wn.exitonclick()

You need to move wn.exitonclick() down to the end of your script. The call doesn't return until the window is closed, so your three commands to yertle are being executed when it is too late to do so.


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Home » VIDEOS » Celeste Buckingham releases video for her new single "Go Away" | @CelBuckingham
Celeste Buckingham releases video for her new single "Go Away" | @CelBuckingham
Europe's Pop Princess is back!
Celeste Buckingham and her brand new Album, BARE. You may have heard of the resurgence of the diva vocalist trend, and European pop artist and songwriter Celeste Buckingham is leading the curve. Her earlier hits include 'Run Run Run' (with over 20 million hits on Youtube) 'I'm Not Sorry' (dedicated to woman's rights and released on International Women's Day) and 'Crushin' My Fairytale', that rocked the Billboard Top 40 charts in the United States.
With an impressive hit record, the sultry singer is back with a brand new album and debut song. Her new single 'Go Away', is the rhythmic break up anthem we've all been looking for, and her album, BARE, moves with the effortless seam of thoughts and emotions of a great cliffhanger. When asked to elaborate, Celeste says "This album took me to a different place. I have been writing music for a while, so I wasn't expecting for it to be such a roller coaster ride. But to write these new songs, I really dug deep within myself to share some experiences and emotions I didn't think I had with my listeners and my fans. It was quite the experience from a songwriters experience."
Truly, the album is quite the musical profile of the artist herself. From a new take on the classic ballad stereotype with her song 'Rose' to exploring the realm of rhythmic and oriental rap in 'Addict', Celeste has clearly expanded her horizons. "Go Away was fun to write and record, despite the fact that the lyrics come from a pretty dark place," she explains. "It is definitely inspired by one of my personal experience in a relationship, where you wish the other would just leave you be, and yet you know that's never really going to happen. I tend to deal with my problems and emotional roadblocks with humor, and I tried to incorporate a little sarcasm into the lyrics. I think the key is to never really take yourself or anyone else too seriously, and always know there is a light at the end of the tunnel. A relationship may end, but you'll still be standing."
The album name only reaffirms the honesty and raw emotion heard in every song. "I called my album BARE, because honestly, I feel the most vulnerable and exposed when I write and perform music. It's a very personal process to me, and I do believe that with every word and every note, you're sharing a little piece of your soul. I think that's a wonderful thing, but at the same time, it can be a little frightening to admit to the world who you really are inside. We all wear our daily masks and our invisible armor. But with this album I wanted to be completely true to myself in every sense of the word. Music transcends all barriers and borders, and I think that also applies to our own internal walls. I'm trying to pull my down and just lay them bare.
Click here to watch Celeste's video for "Run Run Run"!
Follow @CelBuckingham on Twitter Facebook and Instagram
Topics: "Celeste Buckingham" "certified platinum artist" "MTV Music Award winner" "The Pop Princess of Europe" @CelBuckingham contemporary R&B Go Away Hip Hop International-music Music soul
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Erik "Anthem" Lee is a musician from Long Beach, California. His love for music places him amongst some of


text:
Nasolamia velox est une espèce de requins appelée Requin nez blanc. C'est la seule espèce du genre monotypique Nasolamia.

Il vit dans le Pacifique est, du nord du Mexique au sud du Pérou et jusqu'à  de fond. Il peut atteindre  de long.

Nourriture
Se nourrit de petits poissons osseux, dont des anchois et également de crabes.

Face à l'homme
Ne s'est jamais attaqué à l'homme.

Voir aussi

Liens externes
Genre Nasolamia

Espèce Nasolamia velox

Bibliographie
Compagno & Garrick, 1983 : Nasolamia, new genus, for the shark Carcharhinus velox Gilbert, 1898 (Elasmobranchii: Carcharhinidae). Zoological Publications from Victoria University of Wellington 76 pp 1-16.

Carcharhiniformes (nom scientifique)
Carcharhinidae

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Lifestyle Letter
Local Limelight
Local's Choice
Artist's Palette
Culinary Creations
Hops & Vine
Natural Women
Get to Know Six Women Entrepreneurs
Article Gretchen Ferraro | Photography Poppy & Co.
This group of uplifting women knows no limits when it comes to creating success. The common theme? It's a remarkable time to be a woman in business.
Ashley Wick, Founder, WICK AND Co., Leadership Coach and Communications Consultant
WickandCo.com
Some things happen for a reason. Ashley Wick started her consultancy, WICK AND Co., after being laid off unexpectedly in 2010. As luck would have it, she was able to combine her experience directing PR for high-end fashion brands with her love of travel and design to provide a customized branding experience and communications solutions to her clients.
In 2016, a search for a closer connection to nature and presence within a community led her and her family to move from New York City to Boulder, where she is uniquely located to access her clients on both coasts. Ashley also became certified as a coach and is committed to helping people and businesses develop the self-awareness, conscious leadership skills and grit she believes is essential for success.
"This is an exciting time to be a woman in business," Ashley adds. "We are part of the transition team—stewards of a shift toward greater gender equality, possibility and positive global change."
Beryl Stafford, Founder, Bobo's
EatBobos.com
Bobo's was born on a rainy day in Beryl Stafford's kitchen in Boulder when she and her daughter, whose nickname is Bobo, whipped up a homemade oatmeal bar with a few wholesome ingredients they found in their cupboard. This tasty treat was "non-GMO," "gluten-free," "vegan" and "natural" before those terms were top of mind.
Buoyed by the positive feedback she received from friends and family, Beryl started marketing her oatmeal bars to local coffee houses and grocery stores. Thanks to passion, persistence and a little luck, Bobo's landed on the shelves of Whole Foods. More than 15 years later, while Bobo's has grown and market share continues to increase nationally, the mission remains the same: provide simple, wholesome baked treats.
"You absolutely must believe in your business 100%," Beryl says. "Dream about it becoming successful and keep pushing. But if you don't love what you're doing, that persistence will be hard to find. You must love it and live it."
Dana Faulk Query, "Creative Cat," Big Red F Restaurant Group
BigRedF.com
Dana Faulk Query's first restaurant job was washing dishes as an eight-year-old in her parents' Cajun Korean restaurant in a tiny town in western Wyoming, and she's been in the restaurant business ever since. Currently, she's known as Big Red F Restaurant Group's "Creative Cat."
Started by her husband Dave Query in 1994, Big Red F includes Jax, West End Tavern, The Post, Centro, Lola and Zolo. As Dave's partner in life and business, Dana is involved in marketing and sales, community partnerships, big-picture leadership and "keeping the grooviness of Big Red F, well, groovy," she says, with great ideas sometimes evolving from a night by the fire pit with a few drinks.
"I try to take those big 'that-could-never-happen-in-a-million-years' ideas and put them into something doable, planned and collaborative," she adds.
Dana credits her dad for her entrepreneurial spirit, while her mom, who she says is the most amazing and intelligent woman she knows, also inspires her: "Being the daughter of an immigrant, it's important for me to support women of different cultures and backgrounds," she says. "They add so much to our business and our world as a whole."
Jimena Peck, Lifestyle and Editorial Photographer
JimenaPeck.com
For Jimena Peck, photography allows her to connect with real people and share their stories. Originally from Argentina, she and her husband moved here four years ago from Amsterdam, with the requirement that their new home has "sun + mountains."
Growing up in a developing country exposed Jimena to diverse environments, instilling a sense of empathy that influences her work and her passion for shooting food, as well as makers, doers, travelers, cooks, farmers and anything that moves.
"The camera allows me to connect with people of all ages, colors, shapes and beliefs," Jimena explains. "It lets us be our own storytellers without words."
She knows there is not one path to success as an entrepreneur, but there's a value to committing to what you are and to continually be on the move.
"This is a great time in history where women must be authentic, get engaged and show the world how we see things without forgetting about the ones who are still not being heard," she says.
Judy Goldman, Owner, Design Studio
DSInteriorSolutions.com
In 2010, Judy Goldman and her family moved to Boulder, lured by the lifestyle and landscape. Three years ago, a serious bike accident changed her life. During the long rehab and with unwavering support from her husband Charles, Judy unleashed her entrepreneurial spirit by purchasing a small interior design firm. Thanks to her three decades in the world of finance, as well as her training in graphic design, photography and her work as a Cordon Bleu-trained chef, this newest venture made perfect use of her finely tuned business sense and creative background.
Within two and a half years, she has grown the rebranded Design Studio into a multi-million national firm. In 2018, she was awarded the Rising Star Award by Colorado Biz and made their list of the top 100 women-owned businesses in Colorado.
"Women entrepreneurs and leaders today, I believe, have a responsibility to equip younger women with the tools and perspective to help guide their focus and develop appropriate parameters for the future," Judy says.
Tami Maurer, Owner, Maurer Painting
MaurerPainting.com
Tami Maurer's foray into house painting began out of a desire to spend more time with her twin girls when they were younger. Their father owned a contracting business, and she took over the painting. It was during this time she realized this was a great business opportunity for a woman, and she started her own company.
"For years, I painted with the crews every day, but once I put down the paintbrush and worked on the business and not in the business, it really took off," Tami explains.
Maurer Painting has grown from Tami handling small projects on her own to multiple crews painting full interiors and exteriors, multi-million dollar homes and commercial properties.
"Doing this in a mostly male-dominated industry is something that I hope inspires other women to pursue their dreams, no matter how intimidating the industry seems," she says.
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text:
Tumblers & Water Bottles
Natalia Alianovna "Natasha" Romanova[1] (Black Widow) is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Created by editor and plotter Stan Lee, scripter Don Rico, and artist Don Heck, the character debuted in Tales of Suspense #52 (April 1964). The character was introduced as a Russian spy, an antagonist of the superhero Iron Man. She later defected to the United States, becoming an agent of the fictional spy agency S.H.I.E.L.D. and a member of the superhero team the Avengers.
The character has appeared in numerous forms of media, such as animated television series, video games, and films; with Scarlett Johansson portraying the character in several Marvel Cinematic Universe films including Iron Man 2 (2011), The Avengers (2012), Captain America: The Winter Soldier (2014), Avengers: Age of Ultron (2015), Captain America: Civil War (2016), Avengers: Infinity War (2018), a cameo in Captain Marvel (2019), Avengers: Endgame (2019) and Black Widow (2021).
Marvel Black Widow Suit Up Lanyard
Marvel Comics Black Widow Avengers Cosplay Jacket Crossbody Bag Purse
Marvel Gallery: Black Widow PVC Vinyl Figure
Funko POP! Marvel: Black Widow - Black Widow (White Suit)
Marvel Black Widow Plastic Tumbler
Tervis Marvel - Black Widow Tumbler
Marvel Avengers: Age of Ultron - Black Widow 16oz Acrylic Travel Cup with Straw
Funko POP! Marvel: Avengers Endgame - Black Widow (TS)
Marvel - Avengers Infinity War - Black Widow Gallery PVC Figure
Marvel The Avengers Chibi All Over Print Duffle Bag Purse
Marvel - Black Widow Select Action Figure
Marvel Universe - Characters Adult Fitted T-Shirt
Marvel Avengers - Age of Ultron - 20oz Iridescent Ceramic Mug
Funko POP! Marvel Studios 10: Black Widow (Gold Chrome)
Funko POP! Marvel: Captain America 3 Civil War - Black Widow
Westland Giftware - Black Widow 16oz Stainless Steel & Acrylic Travel Mug
Funko POP! Marvel: Avengers Infinity War - Black Widow
Funko POP! Marvel Avengers: Age of Ultron - Black Widow


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Q: WinSxS fails to load VC++ DLLs I've got a problem with several VC++ DLLs, which I should include into my .NET/C# project. One VC++ DLL is a C++/CLI DLL, which I use as public interface from my .NET project. The other DLLs are written in native C++. I have no access to the source of the VC++ DLLs, I just have to use them.
I've made a .NET test project and referenced the C++/CLI DLL. No problem, compiler is lucky, great. There's just one problem: when I start the EXE of the .NET program, I get errors about the C++ DLLs because of missing VC++ core DLLs.
sxstrace shows the following (shortened):
INFO: Reference: Microsoft.VC80.CRT,processorArchitecture="x86",publicKeyToken="1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b",type="win32",version="8.0.50727.6195"
INFO: Reference: Microsoft.VC80.OpenMP,processorArchitecture="x86",publicKeyToken="1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b",type="win32",version="8.0.50727.6195"
INFO: Resolving reference Microsoft.VC80.CRT,processorArchitecture="x86",publicKeyToken="1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b",type="win32",version="8.0.50727.6195"
...
ERROR: Cannot resolve reference Microsoft.VC80.CRT,processorArchitecture="x86",publicKeyToken="1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b",type="win32",version="8.0.50727.6195".

Now I'm no fool and tried several things. I've read much about WinSxS to get a deeper understanding about what's going on.
Now I'm at the point, where it's getting weired for me. The system where I want to execute the program has the VC++ Redistributable package in the current version 8.0.50727.762 (SP1) installed. I know that there's a policy file for Microsoft.VC80.CRT in winsxs that redirects all versions of this assembly to the current version 8.0.50727.762 (that's the solution for the problem at http://blogs.msdn.com/b/nikolad/archive/2007/03/29/a-solution-to-two-references-to-different-versions-of-crt-mfc-atl-in-one-application-manifest-file.aspx).
But as the error above says, this policy file doesn't seem to work or isn't taken into account. The system just wants to find the 8.0.50727.6195 version of the assembly.
Now that's the first question: what's the problem here? After I got this figured out, I could solve the initial problem...

A: Ok, now it works - thanks for your help.
I figured out two problems that had to be solved:
1) I had to install the "Microsoft Visual C++ 2005 Service Pack 1 Redistributable Package MFC Security Update", which deploys version 8.0.50727.6195 of the VC++ assemblies. This update was hard to find at the Microsoft servers, so here's the link: http://www.microsoft.com/download/en/details.aspx?id=26347
Normally you only find the 8.0.50727.762 version ("Visual C++ 2005 Service Pack 1 Redistributable Package), which is outdated. Since the C++ DLLs were compiled against 6195, installing the update solved the first problem.
2) While the C++/CLI DLL was compiled in Release mode, the native C++ DLLs below had been delivered in Debug mode. Now the Microsoft license agreement prohibits deploying the VC++ Debug DLLs and the VC++ Redist Packages don't include the VC++ Debug DLLs.
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa985618.aspx says:

Debug versions of an application are not redistributable and none of the debug versions of the various Visual C++ dynamic-link libraries (DLLs) are redistributable.

Solution: the developers of the native C++ DLLs gave me a release version and everything works fine...


Hey everyone! Head over to Beauty & Attitude this Friday from 4-7pm for a complimentary bra fitting.
We all know so many of us wander around wearing the totally wrong bra size or shape. I got fitted at B&A and they are just awesome, so professional, and they will order any size they determine you need.
Also, we have gift certificates of 10% off for anyone who is heading over. Email me at doreen [at] baremagazine.org if you know you're going anytime soon, and BARE will send you a 10% off card for you to spend. Also, you can use it as a perfect holiday shopping idea for your mom, sister, sorority sisters, roommate, or girlfriend. They have sleepwear as well and other small gifts as well.
Thanks to the amazing Dominique and Brianna at Vine Street Salon for hair and makeup styling!
May poses in Beauty & Attitude's collection for BARE magazine.
They're at 2116 Vine Street right off Shattuck. Peet's coffee's right by there too and the whole Gourmet Ghetto, so you can make a day out of it too.
I want a gift certificate!!
Oh, oops. I didn't see that I'm supposed to email. Sorry!


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Q: Error handling with Spring CommandName when using Spring framework and binding a form on a commandName object to add let's say a person with the following fields.
<form method="POST" action="addPerson.htm" commandName="person">
            <input id="firstname" name="firstname"value="${person.firstname}"/>

             <input id="name" name="name" value="${person.name}"/>

             <input id="age" name="age" value="${person.age}"/>
</form>

On the server I've got the following code
@RequestMapping(value="/addPerson", method={RequestMethod.POST})
    public String addPerson(@ModelAttribute(value="person") Person p){
        service.addPerson(p);
        return "redirect:/overview.htm";
    }

How do I do error handling with this, so let's say for example the age must be a positive number and firstname can be left empty.

A: You need to create a new Validator class, implementing Validator interface.
Your validator can be something like this:
    public class PersonValidator implements Validator {
        public boolean supports(Class<?> clazz) {
            return Person.class.equals(clazz);
        }

        public void validate(Object target, Errors errors) {

            Person person=(Person)target;

            if ( person.getAge() < 0 ) {
                 errors.rejectValue("age", "age_positive");
                 // Or you can use this approach as well to parametrize the error message:
                //errors.rejectValue("age", "age_positive", ArrayParametersIfNeeded, "DefaultMessage");
            }

        }

    }

You also need to have a error.properties file to hold the errors messages allowing i18n.
You can have all needed information about validators here: Validators
When you have it, you need to create the initBinder method in the controller:
@InitBinder
    public void initBinder(WebDataBinder binder) {
        binder.addValidators(yourValidator);
    }

Then, in the controller method, you can pass this additional parameter: BindingResult result and there you will have the information of the errors if you need it.
Also, you need to add this bit to the form:
<form:errors path="age"/></c:set>

Below your <input id="age" name="age" value="${person.age}"/>
I suggest you to change your <input> elements for the <form:input> tag.


The combination of life-threatening traumatic personal experiences, death of loved ones, disruption of routines and expectations of life, and post-violence adversities pose psychological challenges to the recovery of children and families. The Connecticut shooting was a tragic illustration of such a situation. Sadly, there are various psychological effects of such a traumatic event. This post will cover some of the common post-trauma experiences children and families may encounter and how to cope.
Posttraumatic stress reactions are common, understandable, and expectable, and are consequently serious.
Grief reactions are normal, are unique to the person, and can last for many years. There is no single "correct" course of grieving. Personal, family, religious, and cultural factors affect the progression of grief. Over time, grief reactions tend to include more pleasant thoughts and activities, such as positive reminiscing or finding uplifting ways to memorialize or remember a loved one.
Trauma reminders: Many people will continue to encounter places, people, sights, sounds, smells, and inner feelings that remind them of the shooting.
The sounds of gunfire, the smell of smoke, and people screaming have become powerful reminders. Adults and youth are often not aware that they are responding to a reminder, and the reason for their change in mood or behavior may go unrecognized.
In addition to meeting people's basic needs, there are several ways to enhance people's coping.
Physical: Stress can be reduced with proper nutrition, exercise and sleep. Youth and adults may need to be reminded that they should take care of themselves physically to be of help to loved ones, friends, and communities.
diminish over time, there are professionals who can be of help.
Social: Communication with, and support from, family members, friends, religious institutions and the community are very helpful in coping after catastrophic violence. People should be encouraged to communicate with others, and to seek and use this support where available.
Restoring a sense of safety and security, and providing opportunities for normal development within the social, family and community context are important steps to the recovery of children, adolescents, and families (The National Child Traumatic Stress Network).


Thank you to the Eduard Company for sending this detail set for review, it is always a pleasure to see what your new products bring to the scale modeling world. Thank you also to the IPMS Reviewer Corps staff members who do the hard work in getting us modeling products to review, the reviews posted, and the news spread to the world.
The photoetch frets arrived in excellent shape in a sealed (and reseal-able!) plastic package with the distinctive Eduard knight logo. A color instruction sheet is included in the package, and Eduard also has the same instruction sheet available for download on the product page. I really appreciate having the electronic PDF format to mark up on my computer, not to mention the ability to easily enlarge for my aging eyeballs. The required kit modifications are clearly indicated. I had no difficulties at all building up the larger PE parts and attaching them to the kit. Eduard has well-placed and designed fold lines to assist with the build-up. The etched fold lines helped very much with precise folding.
The few issues in assembly are as follows. The cylinder caps and wiring do not correlate with the instructions directly. The instructions show part 7a on both tops of the rear cylinders. There is one part 7a and one part 7b on the PE fret. This is not a problem. Part 7b is on the right side (facing forward) and part 7a is on the left side. Part 7 (10 of them with 2 spares!) fit over the remaining cylinder heads. These parts are not labeled on the PE fret, but they are easy located. The cylinder head needs to be flattened a bit for the PE caps to fit well, and this is not indicated on the instructions. The head parts may be added after the entire engine is assembled and before it is mounted in the fuselage. This is very helpful for my fumble finger skills.
Folding instruction are not always clear, so do spend a minute or too looking carefully at the parts to make sure the sequence is understood. The parts are very fine-etched (a good thing) and you will on get one chance to fold. I sometimes found it more effective to separate folded parts and glue them together.
The PE is beautifully etched. A few more views of part assemblies on the instructions would help. For example, a drawing showing the final assembly and positions would be very helpful for the panel latches (part 11, multiple pieces). I could not easily determine the final configuration. Kit parts C42, 43 need to have material removed before the PE 12, 13 are attached, specifically the interior ridge along the short edge of the panel on the "perforated" end. The forward edge of kit part C34 needs to be smoothed off before PE parts 6, 4, and 8 are assembled.
My biggest challenge was part size. The PE metal folds well, but many smaller parts such as levers and handle were difficult for me to shape and attach properly. I sharpened my fine-point tweezers and that seemed to help. Of course this is not a criticism of Eduard, but a caution for someone of my skillset! I am still very much an amateur in the art of brass origami. High-power magnification certainly helped, as did a very sharp #12 curved blade for trimming parts from the fret. I am very pleased with the visual effect. I particularly appreciate Eduard's research in accurately replicating the engine details, based on instrumentation.
I highly recommend this set, for ease-of-use, accuracy, and value. Thank you again Eduard and the IPMS Reviewer Corps!


Another initiative of ours is called Charge at Home. Primarily this focusses on increasing the number of electric cars on our roads in order to reduce carbon emissions from fossil fueled vehicles. However, it's a bit like the old question of the chicken or the egg: If there are no charging points available for electric cars then interest in upgrading to a climate smart vehicle will be low. But if the infrastructure is in place, is easily accessible and simple to use, then interest in electric cars will go up. So what is the best way to move forward? We have already assisted many housing associations when they installed charging points in their underground car parks.
Today, there are around 350 charging points in Sjöstaden properties with an additional 31 outdoor charging points available, one of which offers fast charging. It is said that we are the most vehicle charger-friendly district in Sweden. But it doesn't end there and our goal is to have 1.000 charging points in our underground car parks by 2020.
Charge at home is cofinanced by Naturvårdsverket.
Klimatklivet (The Climate Shift) is a Swedish government initiative that supports climate-smart programs that reduce carbon dioxide emissions at a local level. Klimatklivet means that local housing associations can receive grants totaling 50% of installation costs for a single charging point.
If there are no charging points in your underground car park, then you should raise the issue in a motion to the board of your housing association.
Electric car guru, Henric Gustafson.
So what is the charge then?
After purchase and installation, it works out at around SEK 10.000 including the 50% subsidy. If you calculate a 10-year depreciation on equipment and incurrent electricity consumption, the owners of electric cars will pay approximately SEK 250 in addition to their normal parking fees.
among members of a housing association.
What electric car should I choose?
When choosing which electric car is right for a particular household, we usually talk about daily needs compared to upper limit needs. How many kilometers do you drive daily? Probably not so many. Today, Swedes drive around 40 kilometers per day (figures supplied by the Swedish Transport Administration). But if you live in town, you are likely to drive a lot less. On average, a car is parked more than 90% of the time and therefore it is wise to choose a vehicle that corresponds with your daily needs. And keep in mind that a lighter car uses less energy.
When the time comes for a longer road trip, then it is better to rent a bigger car. Another option is to plan your journey in your own electric vehicle according to the availability of charging points along the route – you'll be surprised when you see how many are out there!
Click here for an updated map over charging points.
The cost of running an electric car works out at SEK 2.25 per 10 kilometers compared with a fossil fueled vehicle which will set you back around SEK 12 for the same distance travelled. In addition, maintenance costs are lower thanks to fewer moving parts. There is also the added bonus that electric cars are quiet and fun to drive.
Imagine being paid by your housing association for the use of your electric car battery when the vehicle is parked. Together with researchers and carefully selected suppliers, we are going to test the concept this Autumn.
Here's how we reasoned: Solar cells mounted on the roof are used to charge a battery in the building's basement and our electric cars during the daytime. When we get home in the evening, which is when the need for power is at its highest, we can use this surplus electricity to cut energy costs at peak usage times, something which we became significantly aware of on January 1st, 2018 when evening tariffs went up.
What makes the concept viable is that there are now electric vehicles on the market that can both receive and provide electricity. If vehicle batteries are not regularly discharged below 20 percent, then a little extra molecular activity will keep their cells in good condition. This does not mean that the car is unusable for the owner during the daytime, rather that you are able to choose whether to drive it or leave it parked providing an additional energy resource for your building.
In Sjöstaden there are already car pools in operation. It is a "comfortable car owner option" for those of us who do not need to drive every day.
households share the vehicle that has its own charging point in the garage and which is serviced and maintained by a supplier. Booking these electric cars is easy using an app. If it is not available, you can book a car pool vehicle on the street instead.
In 2017, 58 members of Sjöstadsföreningen tested commuting to work using electric bicycles. The trial lasted three-weeks and proved to be very popular. Many people were completely sold on the idea and even set off on longer journeys covering distances that they would otherwise never have traveled by bike and along the way discovered that it could be done at a comfortable pace while wearing regular clothes.
And the next step – the trial will be expanded with larger transport electric bicycles made available to Sjöstadsföreningen's members. The idea is that housing associations will provide transport electric bikes for free to members as part of a pool agreement between neighbors. It is a sound and environmentally friendly alternative to taking your car to the shops or to drop off the kids at school or the day care center.


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Home / Books / Canvas Detroit
Canvas Detroit
"Canvas Detroit" by Julie Pincus & Nichole Christian
Detroit's unique and partly abandoned cityscape has scarred its image around the world for decades. But in the last several years journalists have begun to view the city through a different lens, focusing on the wide range of contemporary artists finding inspiration amid the emptiness and adding a more complex chapter to the story of a city long labeled as a haunting symbol of U.S. economic decline. In Canvas Detroit, Julie Pincus and Nichole Christian combine vibrant full-color photography of the city's much-buzzed-about art scene with thoughtful narrative that explores the art and artists that are re-creating Detroit.
Perfect Pan Pizza: Square Pies to Make at Home, from Roman, Sicilian, and Detroit, to Grandma Pies and Focacci $22.99
Perfect Pan Pizza: Square Pies to Make at Home, from Roman, Sicilian, and Detroit, to Grandma Pies and Focacci
"Perfect Pan Pizza: Square Pies to Make at Home, from Roman, Sicilian, and Detroit, to Grandma Pies and Focacci" by Peter Reinhart An in-depth guide to pan pizza from baking authority Peter...
Detroit: An American Autopsy $18.00
Detroit: An American Autopsy
"Detroit: An American Autopsy" by Charlie LeDuff An explosive exposé of America's lost prosperity by Pulitzer Prize–winning journalist Charlie LeDuff Back in his broken hometown, Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist Charlie LeDuff searches...
We're Going to be Friends $16.95
We're Going to be Friends
"We're Going to be Friends" by Jack White. Illustrated by Elinor Blake. "Possibly the greatest-ever song about childhood BFFs." ― Entertainment Weekly "We're Going to be Friends" is one of The White...


How can I prevent periodontal disease in my pet?
Daily brushing of your pets teeth is the best defense against periodontal disease. A soft bristled brush or finger tip brush works well, ask our staff for one. We carry a variety of flavored veterinary approved toothpastes to use including: beef, vanilla mint, poultry and seafood. Please do not use human toothpaste or baking soda. Human toothpastes are often made with various foaming agents that are intended to be rinsed, not swallowed. (Pets don't rinse!) Even occasional consumption of these toothpastes may cause stomach problems or diarrhea. The high sodium level of baking soda may cause serious problems in some animals, especially those with kidney or heart problems.
Specially formulated preventive dental diets for dogs and cats can reduce tartar and plaque by 50% or more. Regular, dry foods actually provide very little cleaning action since the pieces of food shatter when chewed, never reaching the gum line where gingivitis and periodontal disease develop. But dental diets are different. The internal structure of these unique foods has been altered in such a way that the tooth penetrates the piece; at the same time, the fiber is laid parallel to the surface, resulting in a very effective "squeegee" action all the way down to the gums. It is the most popular home care option, because you don't have to do anything "to" your pet. You can use these types of food as a daily diet, as treats or as a topping to the daily food that you are already feeding. We will be happy to help you choose a diet that will work best for your pet.
We have two very popular options for your dog! Our private labeled RVVS Dental Chews are rawhide chews with help dissolve plague. We recommend giving your dog one chew each day to help prevent periodontal disease. These chews come in 30 count bags from Petite – X Large. We also carry Oravet Chews that can be used daily as well.
For cats we recommend Feline Greenies – the dental treats that cats love! We carry them in a tasty Ocean Fish flavor- bring some home to your favorite kitty today!
Our staff will be happy to help you put together a successful plan for your pets' preventive home health care! Good dental care is one of the most important ingredients in your cat or dogs overall comfort, health and longevity. Please let us know if you have questions about your pet's teeth or the dental cleaning procedure.
Don't wait until symptoms occur! An annual professional dental cleaning by your veterinarian, along with regular home care, is the best way to prevent periodontal disease in your pet.


Dr. Danielle Federico is the Co-Medical Director for PM Pediatrics of West Hartford, where she oversees all medical operations for the practice. Prior to joining PM Pediatrics, she served as an Emergency Medicine Attending in the Pediatric Emergency Department at St. Mary's Hospital in Waterbury, CT. Dr. Federico has several years of experience working in Level I and Level II Pediatric Trauma Centers, as well as pediatric urgent care. She is board certified in Pediatrics with additional training in Pediatric Emergency Medicine. Dr. Federico completed a residency in Pediatrics at Connecticut Children's Medical Center through the UCONN School of Medicine. She earned her medical degree from SUNY Upstate Medical University and received a Bachelor of Arts in Biology from Ithaca College.


Here are a couple videos from two of the men I love: Andrew Bird and David Byrne.
First and foremost...I cannot wait to see Fever Year. Shockingly, there aren't any screenings planned for East TX. What were they thinking??
Official Trailer (2:45) from Andrew Bird: Fever Year on Vimeo.
Secondly...my favorite types of music videos are the ones that make you say "Why didn't I think of that?".
One of the best music videos I've seen in a while. Ladies...you will roll your eyes in the beginning, but keep watching. Nakedness done right! This is simi-NSFW (obviously).
The BPA - Toe Jam feat. Dizzee Rascal & David Byrne from Southern Fried Records on Vimeo.


Toy Store Insurance California. To many, toy shops are places for fun toys and games. However, toy shop owners know that owning this type of store comes with a lot of responsibility. This includes making sure that the store is a safe place for both customers and employees. In cases when accidents, crime and unexpected occurrences happen, the store owner must have adequate coverage to pay for legal and medical claims as well as repair and replacement costs. This is where toy store insurance California comes in.
Toy store insurance California protects your shop from lawsuits with rates as low as $37/mo. Get a fast quote and your certificate of insurance now.
General Liability Insurance - offers coverage for injuries and property damages to third parties faced by the store owner. This toy store insurance California policy protects you from any financial damage when accidents happen in the store that causes harms to customers or to their personal property. For example, if an accident occurs inside the store or within store premises that injures a customer, premises liability coverage will pay for his or her medical bills. If the customer files a legal claim, this policy may be used to cover legal costs and expenses.
Business Owners Policy (BOP) - this toy store insurance California policy provides coverage for general liability as well as coverage for tangible assets of the business such as the building structure and its contents, coverage for store books and electronic data, newly acquired assets and even for employee dishonesty or fraud. This package policy covers many accidents or unforeseen events that could cause damage to business property such as fires, storms - usually in the form of financial coverage for repair and replacement costs.
CA Commercial Auto - if you use motor vehicles as part of your CA toy store operations, such as for picking up merchandise and making deliveries, you may be required to have commercial vehicle insurance. This policy will cover you for any accident that occurs during trips that resulted to bodily injury or damage to property.
Do You Need CA Toy Store Insurance?
If you own and operate a CA toy shop and you deal with customers personally on a day-to-day basis in your store premises, you need commercial insurance. Accidents and injuries, although not commonplace in most commercial establishments, can and will happen, so it is better to be prepared - so that your business emerges from these situations operational. Business insurance coverage can help you sleep better at night, knowing that whatever happens, you are protected by ample financial assistance to meet the needs of your business, workers and employees when accidents and other contingencies occur.
Request a free Toy Store Insurance California quote in Alameda, Alhambra, Anaheim, Antioch, Apple Valley, Bakersfield, Baldwin Park, Bellflower, Berkeley, Buena Park, Burbank, Camarillo, Carlsbad, Carson, Chico, Chino Hills, Chino, Chula Vista, Citrus Heights, Clovis, Compton, Concord, Corona, Costa Mesa, Daly City, Davis, Downey, El Cajon, El Monte, Elk Grove, Escondido, Fairfield, Folsom, Fontana, Fremont, Fresno, Fullerton, Garden Grove, Glendale, Hawthorne, Hayward, Hemet, Hesperia, Huntington Beach, Indio, Inglewood, Irvine, Lake Forest, Lakewood, Lancaster, Livermore, Long Beach, Los Angeles, Lynwood, Manteca, Menifee, Merced, Milpitas, Mission Viejo, Modesto, Moreno Valley, Mountain View, Murrieta, Napa, Newport Beach, Norwalk, Oakland, Oceanside, Ontario, Orange, Oxnard, Palmdale, Palo Alto, Pasadena, Perris, Pleasanton, Pomona, Rancho Cordova, Rancho Cucamonga, Redding, Redlands, Redondo Beach, Redwood City, Rialto, Richmond, Riverside, Roseville, Sacramento, Salinas, San Bernardino, San Buenaventura, San Diego, San Francisco, San Jose, San Leandro, San Marcos, San Mateo, San Ramon, Santa Ana, Santa Barbara, Santa Clara, Santa Clarita, Santa Maria, Santa Monica, Santa Rosa, Simi Valley, South Gate, Stockton, Sunnyvale, Temecula, Thousand Oaks, Torrance, Tracy, Turlock, Tustin, Union City, Upland, Vacaville, Vallejo, Victorville, Visalia, Vista, Walnut Creek, West Covina, Westminster, Whittier, Yorba Linda, Yuba City and all other cities in CA - The Golden State.