text:
Applications For Chevening 2021/2022 Scholarships Now Open
Application procedures for the 2021/2022 Chevening scholarships in the United Kingdom are open between September 3, and November 3.
The Chevening scholarship is an international scholarship scheme which enables students with leadership and networking skills from 144 countries and territories to undertake postgraduate study or courses in universities in the UK.
In July, the scholarship scheme had said that the application period would be shorter than usual and take place within two months due to the coronavirus pandemic.
Following repeated reminders via its Twitter page, application procedures took off as planned at 12:00 Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) — 1:00 pm for Nigeria and others in West Africa.
Since 1983, over 50,000 professionals across the globe have studied in the UK through the programme, including more than 1,400 Nigerians who benefited from Chevening's scholarships and fellowships.
Among these are Simon Kolawole, CEO of TheCable; Okey Nwuke, deputy MD of Coscharis Group; Kenneth Amaeshi of the University of Edinburgh, and Herbert Wigwe, CEO of Access Bank.
In 2018, Theresa May, former prime minister of the UK, announced an additional 100 Chevening scholarship slots for African students, a figure which had accounted for a 30 percent increase then.
To be eligible for a Chevening scholarship you must:
Be a citizen of a Chevening-eligible country or territory.
Return to your country of citizenship for a minimum of two years after your award has ended.
Have completed all components of an undergraduate degree that will enable you to gain entry onto a postgraduate programme at a UK university by the time you submit your application. This is typically equivalent to an upper second-class 2:1 honours degree in the UK but may be different depending on your course and university choice.
Have at least two years (equivalent to 2,800 hours) of work experience.
Apply to three different eligible UK university courses and have received an unconditional offer from one of these choices by July 15, 2021.
Interested applicants are expected to go through the scheme's full eligibility requirements and ensure they meet the minimum work-experience conditions before submitting applications.
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JUST-IN: Jobberman Acquires Top Recruitment Platform, Ngcareers.com


text:
boomopera - Portfolio
Followers 1602
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This author is affiliated with the "Poland ZAIKS" P.R.O.
602 AudioJungle Items

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Rory's Story Cubes originated as a creative problem solving tool for adults, way back in 2004. Rory was a creativity trainer and coach, working with individuals and organisations to look at problems in different ways. The idea was conceived using an invention technique called 'Advanced Civilisation' (by Win Wenger).
Rory realised that the idea came from a combination of a book he was reading, 'Hare Brain, Tortoise Mind' and a course he was taking in 'Guided Self-Healing'.
As the brain thinks in pictures but communicates in words, having a visual aid to creative problem solving is incredibly advantageous. Using images to trigger stories helps the brain to think in new ways.
When a fellow trainer's daughter said she brought a prototype into school and the teacher used it to practise creative writing, Rory knew there was something more to this. And when a colleague reported three generations laughing and telling stories together for two hours on a rainy day, he knew he had to take it further.


text:
Panetta Says Polls Cannot Dictate Afghan War Strategy
U.S. Defense Secretary Leon Panetta says opinion polls cannot determine the war in Afghanistan.
Panetta, attending security talks in Ottawa with Canadian and Mexican defense chiefs, says the United States would be in "deep trouble" if it fought wars by surveys.
He says the Pentagon has to operate based on what it believes is the best strategy to achieve the mission. He says the mission in Afghanistan is to safeguard U.S. security by ensuring the Taliban and al-Qaida never again find a safe haven in Afghanistan.
A New York Times/CBS News polls released Monday finds that public support for the decade-long war has dropped sharply. Sixty-nine percent of those questioned said they believe the United States should not be in Afghanistan. The survey shows that a growing number of people want President Barack Obama to speed up the pullout of combat troops from the war-torn country.
But Afghans fear that a sudden withdrawal of foreign troops could plunge the country into an all-out civil war between Afghan security forces, the Taliban and other ethnic and tribal factions.
NATO says the top commander of an al-Qaida-linked militant network was killed Monday in a firelight with coalition forces near the Afghan border with Turkmenistan.
Makhdum Nursat headed the Islamic Movement of Obeisant. NATO commanders say he was wanted for attacking coalition forces in northern Afghanistan.
Report Finds Hundreds of Afghan Women Imprisoned for Moral Crimes
Human Rights Watch says Afghanistan's criminal justice system has made little progress in the way it treats women
Some Afghans Worry About Diminishing US Public Support for War
Latest events increased tensions, undermined trust between Afghan forces and international coalition partners


I inspect mythology, faith, science, evolution and the interpretive power of imagination using the medium of drawing. My aims in artmaking are to invent an entire universe of worlds. Some are nebulous, some completely alien, some beautiful, and some dangerous, but all are analogous to human existence. I draw creatures and landscapes inspired by reptiles, germs, squid and insects. These beings are referenced not only because they are visually interesting, but because they are also creatures who have existed for much longer than humans and provide for me a scientific access point to the "beginning" of creation. Traditional Biblical explanations of creation are also considered as visual and conceptual inspiration.
My favorite authors, George MacDonald, C.S. Lewis and Madeleine L'Engle, offer glimpses of other worlds by providing journeys that are not entirely unparallel to earthly existence. Most of their stories were written for children, yet contained storylines that embraced death and redemption, featured quests for salvation, time travelled through the cosmos, and graphically illustrated the creation and destruction of worlds. At the heart of these stories was an assurance that I am not the only one who is both terrified and attracted to the contradictions of existence. Humor, tragedy, violence and merriment are inherent in most momentous occasions in life and it is with these sentiments that I approached this body of work.
In my invented worlds, death translates to rebirth and a new beginning. The landscapes and creatures imagined are ostensibly animalistic, however, they are representative of humans. I try to create human images that are not already loaded with reference or reminiscent of specific art historical movements. Abstracted, anthropomorphic forms more accurately accomplish my goal of creating a new visual narrative about death, life and the afterlife.
I seek to amplify my voice within the dialogue of contemporary drawing. The act of drawing in itself is both delicate and heavily physical. In this realm, I use the medium to reconcile science with faith and tangible reality with fantasy to create new narratives correspondent to the human condition.


text:
package syncer

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"net/http"
	"os"
	"sync"
	"sync/atomic"
	"time"

	"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus/promhttp"
	v1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/errors"
	metav1 "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1"
	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime"
	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/types"
	utilruntime "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/util/runtime"
	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/util/wait"
	"k8s.io/client-go/informers"
	clientset "k8s.io/client-go/kubernetes"
	"k8s.io/client-go/tools/cache"
	"k8s.io/client-go/tools/record"
	"k8s.io/client-go/util/workqueue"
	"k8s.io/klog"

	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/util/sets"
	"sigs.k8s.io/multi-tenancy/incubator/virtualcluster/pkg/apis/tenancy/v1alpha1"
	vcclient "sigs.k8s.io/multi-tenancy/incubator/virtualcluster/pkg/client/clientset/versioned"
	vcinformers "sigs.k8s.io/multi-tenancy/incubator/virtualcluster/pkg/client/informers/externalversions/tenancy/v1alpha1"
	vclisters "sigs.k8s.io/multi-tenancy/incubator/virtualcluster/pkg/client/listers/tenancy/v1alpha1"
	"sigs.k8s.io/multi-tenancy/incubator/virtualcluster/pkg/syncer/apis/config"
	"sigs.k8s.io/multi-tenancy/incubator/virtualcluster/pkg/syncer/constants"
	"sigs.k8s.io/multi-tenancy/incubator/virtualcluster/pkg/syncer/conversion"
	"sigs.k8s.io/multi-tenancy/incubator/virtualcluster/pkg/syncer/manager"
	"sigs.k8s.io/multi-tenancy/incubator/virtualcluster/pkg/syncer/metrics"
	"sigs.k8s.io/multi-tenancy/incubator/virtualcluster/pkg/syncer/util/featuregate"
	"sigs.k8s.io/multi-tenancy/incubator/virtualcluster/pkg/util/cluster"
	utilconst "sigs.k8s.io/multi-tenancy/incubator/virtualcluster/pkg/util/constants"
	"sigs.k8s.io/multi-tenancy/incubator/virtualcluster/pkg/util/listener"
	mc "sigs.k8s.io/multi-tenancy/incubator/virtualcluster/pkg/util/mccontroller"
	"sigs.k8s.io/multi-tenancy/incubator/virtualcluster/pkg/util/plugin"
)

var (
	numHealthCluster   uint64
	numUnHealthCluster uint64
)

type Syncer struct {
	config            *config.SyncerConfiguration
	metaClient        clientset.Interface
	superClient       clientset.Interface
	recorder          record.EventRecorder
	controllerManager *manager.ControllerManager
	// lister that can list virtual clusters from a shared cache
	lister vclisters.VirtualClusterLister
	// returns true when the namespace cache is ready
	virtualClusterSynced cache.InformerSynced
	// virtual cluster that have been queued up for processing by workers
	queue   workqueue.RateLimitingInterface
	workers int
	// clusterSet holds the cluster collection in which cluster is running.
	mu         sync.Mutex
	clusterSet map[string]mc.ClusterInterface
}

type virtualclusterGetter struct {
	lister vclisters.VirtualClusterLister
}

var _ mc.Getter = &virtualclusterGetter{}

func (v *virtualclusterGetter) GetObject(namespace, name string) (runtime.Object, error) {
	vc, err := v.lister.VirtualClusters(namespace).Get(name)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	return vc, nil
}

// Bootstrap is a bootstrapping interface for syncer, targets the initialization protocol
type Bootstrap interface {
	ListenAndServe(address, certFile, keyFile string)
	Run(<-chan struct{})
}

func New(
	config *config.SyncerConfiguration,
	virtualClusterClient vcclient.Interface,
	virtualClusterInformer vcinformers.VirtualClusterInformer,
	metaClusterClient clientset.Interface,
	superClusterClient clientset.Interface,
	superClusterInformers informers.SharedInformerFactory,
	recorder record.EventRecorder,
) (*Syncer, error) {
	syncer := &Syncer{
		config:      config,
		metaClient:  metaClusterClient,
		superClient: superClusterClient,
		recorder:    recorder,
		queue:       workqueue.NewNamedRateLimitingQueue(workqueue.DefaultControllerRateLimiter(), "virtual_cluster"),
		workers:     constants.UwsControllerWorkerLow,
		clusterSet:  make(map[string]mc.ClusterInterface),
	}

	// Handle VirtualCluster add&delete
	virtualClusterInformer.Informer().AddEventHandler(
		cache.ResourceEventHandlerFuncs{
			AddFunc: syncer.enqueueVirtualCluster,
			UpdateFunc: func(oldObj, newObj interface{}) {
				newVC := newObj.(*v1alpha1.VirtualCluster)
				oldVC := oldObj.(*v1alpha1.VirtualCluster)
				if newVC.ResourceVersion == oldVC.ResourceVersion {
					return
				}
				syncer.enqueueVirtualCluster(newObj)
			},
			DeleteFunc: syncer.enqueueVirtualCluster,
		},
	)
	syncer.lister = virtualClusterInformer.Lister()
	syncer.virtualClusterSynced = virtualClusterInformer.Informer().HasSynced

	// Create the multi cluster controller manager
	multiClusterControllerManager := manager.New()
	syncer.controllerManager = multiClusterControllerManager

	plugins := LoadPlugins(config)
	initContext := &plugin.InitContext{
		Context:    context.Background(),
		Config:     config,
		Client:     superClusterClient,
		Informer:   superClusterInformers,
		VCClient:   virtualClusterClient,
		VCInformer: virtualClusterInformer,
	}

	for _, p := range plugins {
		klog.Infof("loading plugin %q...", p.ID)

		result := p.Init(initContext)
		instance, err := result.Instance()
		if err != nil {
			klog.Errorf("failed to load plugin %q", p.ID)
			return nil, err
		}

		s, ok := instance.(manager.ResourceSyncer)
		if ok {
			multiClusterControllerManager.AddResourceSyncer(s)
		} else {
			klog.Warningf("unrecognized plugin %q", p.ID)
		}
	}

	return syncer, nil
}

func LoadPlugins(config *config.SyncerConfiguration) []*plugin.Registration {
	allPlugin := plugin.SyncerResourceRegister.List()
	var enablePlugin []*plugin.Registration
	extraSets := sets.NewString(config.ExtraSyncingResources...)

	for i, r := range allPlugin {
		if !r.Disable || extraSets.Has(r.ID) {
			enablePlugin = append(enablePlugin, allPlugin[i])
		}
	}

	return enablePlugin
}

// enqueue deleted and running object.
func (s *Syncer) enqueueVirtualCluster(obj interface{}) {
	_, ok := obj.(*v1alpha1.VirtualCluster)

	if !ok {
		tombstone, ok := obj.(cache.DeletedFinalStateUnknown)
		if !ok {
			utilruntime.HandleError(fmt.Errorf("couldn't get object from tombstone %+v", obj))
			return
		}
		_, ok = tombstone.Obj.(*v1alpha1.VirtualCluster)
		if !ok {
			utilruntime.HandleError(fmt.Errorf("tombstone contained object that is not a vc %+v", obj))
			return
		}
	}

	key, err := cache.DeletionHandlingMetaNamespaceKeyFunc(obj)
	if err != nil {
		utilruntime.HandleError(err)
		return
	}
	s.queue.Add(key)
}

// Run begins watching and downward&upward syncing.
func (s *Syncer) Run(stopChan <-chan struct{}) {
	if featuregate.DefaultFeatureGate.Enabled(featuregate.SuperClusterPooling) {
		klog.Infof("SuperClusterPooling featuregate is enabled!")
		cfg, err := s.superClient.CoreV1().ConfigMaps("kube-system").Get(context.TODO(), utilconst.SuperClusterInfoCfgMap, metav1.GetOptions{})
		if err != nil {
			klog.Infof("Fail to get configmap kube-system/%v from super cluster which is required for SuperClusterPooling feature. Quit!", utilconst.SuperClusterInfoCfgMap)
			os.Exit(1)
		}
		var ok bool
		if utilconst.SuperClusterID, ok = cfg.Data[utilconst.SuperClusterIDKey]; ok == false {
			klog.Infof("Fail to get ID value from configmap kube-system/%v. Quit!", utilconst.SuperClusterInfoCfgMap)
			os.Exit(1)
		}
	}
	go func() {
		if err := s.controllerManager.Start(stopChan); err != nil {
			klog.V(1).Infof("controller manager exit: %v", err)
		}
	}()
	go wait.Until(s.healthPatrol, 1*time.Minute, stopChan)
	go func() {
		defer utilruntime.HandleCrash()
		defer s.queue.ShutDown()

		klog.Infof("starting virtual cluster controller")
		defer klog.Infof("shutting down virtual cluster controller")

		if !cache.WaitForCacheSync(stopChan, s.virtualClusterSynced) {
			return
		}

		klog.V(5).Infof("starting workers")
		for i := 0; i < s.workers; i++ {
			go wait.Until(s.run, 1*time.Second, stopChan)
		}
		<-stopChan
	}()

	return
}

// ListenAndServe initializes a server to respond to HTTP network requests on the syncer.
func (s *Syncer) ListenAndServe(address, certFile, keyFile string) {
	metrics.Register()
	mux := http.NewServeMux()
	mux.Handle("/metrics", promhttp.Handler())
	if certFile != "" && keyFile != "" {
		klog.Fatal(http.ListenAndServeTLS(address, certFile, keyFile, mux))
	} else {
		klog.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe(address, mux))
	}
}

// run runs a run thread that just dequeues items, processes them, and marks them done.
// It enforces that the syncHandler is never invoked concurrently with the same key.
func (s *Syncer) run() {
	for s.processNextWorkItem() {
	}
}

func (s *Syncer) processNextWorkItem() bool {
	key, quit := s.queue.Get()
	if quit {
		return false
	}
	defer s.queue.Done(key)

	err := s.syncVirtualCluster(key.(string))
	if err == nil {
		s.queue.Forget(key)
		return true
	}

	utilruntime.HandleError(fmt.Errorf("error processing virtual cluster %v (will retry): %v", key, err))
	s.queue.AddRateLimited(key)
	return true
}

func (s *Syncer) syncVirtualCluster(key string) error {
	namespace, name, err := cache.SplitMetaNamespaceKey(key)
	if err != nil {
		utilruntime.HandleError(fmt.Errorf("invalid resource key: %s", key))
		return nil
	}

	vc, err := s.lister.VirtualClusters(namespace).Get(name)
	if err != nil {
		if !errors.IsNotFound(err) {
			return err
		}

		s.removeCluster(key)
		return nil
	}

	switch vc.Status.Phase {
	case v1alpha1.ClusterRunning:
		return s.addCluster(key, vc)
	case v1alpha1.ClusterError:
		s.removeCluster(key)
		return nil
	default:
		klog.Infof("Cluster %s/%s not ready to reconcile", vc.Namespace, vc.Name)
		return nil
	}
}

func (s *Syncer) removeCluster(key string) {
	klog.Infof("Remove cluster %s", key)

	s.mu.Lock()
	defer s.mu.Unlock()

	vc, exist := s.clusterSet[key]
	if !exist {
		// already deleted
		return
	}

	vc.Stop()

	for _, clusterChangeListener := range listener.Listeners {
		clusterChangeListener.RemoveCluster(vc)
	}

	delete(s.clusterSet, key)
}

// addCluster registers and start an informer cache for the given VirtualCluster
func (s *Syncer) addCluster(key string, vc *v1alpha1.VirtualCluster) error {
	klog.Infof("Add cluster %s", key)

	s.mu.Lock()
	if _, exist := s.clusterSet[key]; exist {
		s.mu.Unlock()
		return nil
	}
	s.mu.Unlock()

	clusterName := conversion.ToClusterKey(vc)

	adminKubeConfigBytes, err := conversion.GetKubeConfigOfVC(s.metaClient.CoreV1(), vc)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	tenantCluster, err := cluster.NewCluster(clusterName, vc.Namespace, vc.Name, string(vc.UID), &virtualclusterGetter{lister: s.lister}, adminKubeConfigBytes, cluster.Options{})
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("failed to new tenant cluster %s/%s: %v", vc.Namespace, vc.Name, err)
	}

	// for each resource type of the newly added VirtualCluster, we add the object to informer cache.
	for _, clusterChangeListener := range listener.Listeners {
		clusterChangeListener.AddCluster(tenantCluster)
	}

	s.mu.Lock()
	s.clusterSet[key] = tenantCluster
	s.mu.Unlock()

	go s.runCluster(tenantCluster, vc)

	return nil
}

func (s *Syncer) runCluster(cluster *cluster.Cluster, vc *v1alpha1.VirtualCluster) {
	go func() {
		err := cluster.Start()
		klog.Infof("cluster %s shutdown: %v", cluster.GetClusterName(), err)
	}()

	if !cluster.WaitForCacheSync() {
		s.recorder.Eventf(&v1.ObjectReference{
			Kind:      "VirtualCluster",
			Namespace: vc.Namespace,
			Name:      vc.Name,
			UID:       vc.UID,
		}, v1.EventTypeWarning, "ClusterUnHealth", "VirtualCluster %v unhealth: failed to sync cache", cluster.GetClusterName())

		klog.Warningf("failed to sync cache for cluster %s, retry", cluster.GetClusterName())
		key, _ := cache.DeletionHandlingMetaNamespaceKeyFunc(vc)
		s.removeCluster(key)
		s.queue.AddAfter(key, 5*time.Second)
		return
	}
	cluster.SetSynced()
	klog.Infof("cluster %s cache sync done", cluster.GetClusterName())

	// start watching cluster resource event after cache sync done.
	for _, clusterChangeListener := range listener.Listeners {
		clusterChangeListener.WatchCluster(cluster)
	}
}

func (s *Syncer) healthPatrol() {
	defer metrics.RecordCheckerScanDuration("TenantMaster", time.Now())
	var clusters []mc.ClusterInterface
	s.mu.Lock()
	for _, c := range s.clusterSet {
		clusters = append(clusters, c)
	}
	s.mu.Unlock()

	numUnHealthCluster = 0
	numHealthCluster = 0

	if len(clusters) != 0 {
		wg := sync.WaitGroup{}
		for _, c := range clusters {
			wg.Add(1)
			go func(cluster mc.ClusterInterface) {
				defer wg.Done()
				s.checkTenantClusterHealth(cluster)
			}(c)
		}
		wg.Wait()
	}

	metrics.ClusterHealthStats.WithLabelValues("health").Set(float64(numHealthCluster))
	metrics.ClusterHealthStats.WithLabelValues("unhealth").Set(float64(numUnHealthCluster))
}

// checkTenantClusterHealth checks if we can connect to tenant apiserver.
func (s *Syncer) checkTenantClusterHealth(cluster mc.ClusterInterface) {
	cs, err := cluster.GetClientSet()
	if err != nil {
		klog.Warningf("[checkClusterHealth] fails to get cluster %v clientset: %v", cluster.GetClusterName(), err)
		return
	}

	_, discoveryErr := cs.Discovery().ServerVersion()
	if discoveryErr == nil {
		atomic.AddUint64(&numHealthCluster, 1)
		return
	}

	atomic.AddUint64(&numUnHealthCluster, 1)

	ns, name, uid := cluster.GetOwnerInfo()

	s.recorder.Eventf(&v1.ObjectReference{
		Kind:      "VirtualCluster",
		Namespace: ns,
		Name:      name,
		UID:       types.UID(uid),
	}, v1.EventTypeWarning, "ClusterUnHealth", "VirtualCluster %v unhealth: %v", cluster.GetClusterName(), discoveryErr.Error())
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Students tackle world issues at Model United Nations

Automation of industry. Conflict in Kashmir. Venezuelan crisis. Drug smuggling in the Golden Triangle. Asylum seekers. Virus outbreaks in African countries.

These are the worldly issues tackled at this year's Middle School Model United Nations conference this past weekend.

Students from visiting Singapore schools and over 40 of our UWCSEA students collaborated to write, debate, submit and amend resolutions, coming up with suggestions and solutions to some of the biggest issues facing our world today. The level of debate demonstrated that we are in solid hands with these future leaders at the helm.

Congratulations to all of our delegates and the High School Executive team who worked to run an incredibly successful two-day conference.

This post Students tackle world issues at Model United Nations  was originally published on UWCSEA | International school in Singapore.


The Coca-Cola Valued Youth Program is an internationally recognized cross-age tutoring program developed by the Intercultural Development Research Association (IDRA) in 1984. In the program, secondary school students who are considered to be at-risk of dropping out of school are placed as tutors of elementary school students, enabling the older students to make a difference in the younger students' lives. With a growing sense of responsibility, pride and support, the tutors stay in school and do better.
Currently the program has more than 241 schools participating in Brazil, England and seven U.S. states – Arizona, California, Illinois, New Mexico, New York, Texas and Washington, D.C. There are more than 5,200 students, (1,300 secondary school students and 3,900 elementary school students), participating in the program.
IDRA is working through the Coca-Cola Valued Youth Program to overcome the digital divide by encouraging the use of technology as a way for students to communicate with each other, prepare presentations that highlight the work they, as tutors, do and explain what the program is about.
The term digital divide refers to the gap between those groups in the United States who have access to technology and those who do not. A report released by the National Telecommunications Information Administration, Falling Through the Net: Defining the Digital Divide, found that if you are poor, older, less-educated, African American, Hispanic or Native American and live in a rural area you are less likely to have access to technology (Green, 2000).
Many of the students who participate in the Coca-Cola Valued Youth Program are African American, Hispanic and Native American, come from low socio-economic communities and come from rural communities.
The students in the program often do not have good access to the technology that exists in their schools. Often the hardware exists, but the expertise to use it is limited or non-existent.
Tutors in the program and the teacher coordinators who work with them are learning to use and are becoming experts in computer software, such as Microsoft Word and PowerPoint. They are using digital cameras and inserting digital photographs into their presentations; they are using projection systems, e-mail, the Internet and video conference equipment as communication tools.
At the Coca-Cola Valued Youth Program International Teacher Coordinators Meeting held in San Antonio in February 2001, teacher coordinators gave PowerPoint presentations to highlight their programs. These presentations were joint creations of the teacher coordinators and tutors.
One teacher coordinator said that his students prepared the entire presentation including the use of digital photographs they had taken of themselves tutoring, on field trips and with guest speakers. Just before he left, the students showed him how to use the equipment and asked him if he was sure he would be able to work the equipment on his own. The tutors have become the teachers and the teachers have become the students.
The students are utilizing sophisticated equipment that many teachers call on the school's technology experts to handle. Another teacher said his students have become so adept at using the equipment, they help around the school with other teachers who need technology support.
These are students who generally are considered at-risk of leaving school and low-academic achievers. The Coca-Cola Valued Youth Program supports and encourages teacher coordinators and their students to utilize technology. These examples show that, given the opportunity and teachers who believe in them, students can excel.
IDRA has facilitated video conferences between Coca-Cola Valued Youth Program students for the past three years. During April and May 2001, IDRA will hold seven video conferences among 14 different schools from eight different school districts in eight cities. The districts are in three states, Texas (Brownsville, Deer Park, La Joya, Mission and San Antonio), California (San José and Los Angeles), and New Mexico (Cobre). More than 300 students will participate in these video conferences.
The purpose of the video conferences is to give tutors from different cities an opportunity to meet each other and see that they are part of an expansive group of tutors who provide support, through tutoring, to younger students. The use of technology – video conferencing – has been one vehicle used to accomplish this.
There are two facets to this technological endeavor: (1) tutors communicate via e-mail as "keypals" with other tutors before and after the video conference, and (2) the video conference, where tutors meet face-to-face in a two-way audio and video communication.
The video conference experience incorporates many learning opportunities. The students learn video conference etiquette. It allows for tutors to develop oral language skills, writing skills and editing skills. It teaches them how to present orally in front of a camera – how to project their voice, enunciate, look into the camera, elaborate and expand on their oral presentations.
Each of these tasks, together with their responsibilities as tutors, helps them improve academically and personally and helps them stay in school.
Because the tutors have demonstrated their interest, capability and willingness to learn about technology, schools are supporting the tutors in the Coca-Cola Valued Youth Program by providing them with computer workstations.
Tutors from Brownsville Independent School District (ISD), La Joya ISD and South San Antonio ISD have provided each teacher coordinator with a laptop computer, portable printer, digital camera and access to a projection box for the program.
This show of support to the Coca-Cola Valued Youth Program tutors has demonstrated to both the teachers and the tutors that the students are valued and that someone believes they are capable. It has helped them become better tutors and better students.
Cantu, L. and L. López-De La Garza. "Coca-Cola Valued Youth Program Students Meet Peers Via Video Conference," IDRA Newsletter (San Antonio, Texas: Intercultural Development Research Association, August 1998).
López del Bosque, R. "Coca-Cola Valued Youth Program: The Value of Video Conferencing," IDRA Newsletter (San Antonio, Texas: Intercultural Development Research Association, April 1999).
Linda Cantu, MA, is a education associate in the IDRA Division of Professional Development. Comments and questions may be directed to her via e-mail at feedback@idra.org.


Looking for some songwriting tips? Here's a few well-placed words from Kate Rowe. If you don't know Kate, you will soon.She's a great writer and performer.
"One of the many things I loved about Sound Heaven was that John was always focusing in on my best songs and encouraging me to write more of the good stuff. Being away from the studio means I've had to find other cures for writer's block! With songwriting I've learned that it's best to write about the things that truly, truly interest you—the "good stuff" comes out of the things that really haunt your daydreams and occupy your thoughts.
There are a stack of brainstorming techniques you can use to get you started. I find Julia Cameron's book "The Artist's Way" really helpful— many of my songs began as thoughts written during her 'morning pages' exercise, which basically means getting up twenty minutes early and quickly writing three uncensored pages of whatever comes to mind. The Internet is full of tips if you google "writer's block": my current favourite is a computer program called WriteRoom which blacks out your whole computer screen, leaving only green type in the middle and no further distractions (yes, just like the olden days)."
I'm new to songwriting. What do I do?
Just dive right in and do it. Hum melodies to yourself, think up some words to fit the melodies to, pick up your favourite instrument to add some harmony, and there you are.
I'd like to write songs, but I don't play an instrument and I don't sing. What can I do?
Again, you can just dive right in and try it for a while. Many people who thought they couldn't sing or play improved greatly with practice. Like most things, it takes time, so don't expect results overnight.
What methods do people use to write songs?
It varies between individuals. Some people set aside a particular time of day to write, while others wait for the muse to strike them. Some people pick particular topics to write about, while others play around with words and sounds to form ideas. Some people work on one song at a time until it's finished, while others work on several at a time. Many songs are written while practicing, jamming, etc., where even a mistake can be the seed for a great idea.
What's a good instrument to use for songwriting?
There are several schools of thought on this issue. Some people feel the best instruments are a pencil and paper. Others use an instrument such as a guitar or piano to write with. Still others use sequencers and recording gear. Most people like to write with instruments that can produce chords, such as guitars or keyboards. However, you shouldn't feel as if you are limited only to those.
Should I start with lyrics or melody first?
This also varies between individuals. Some lyrics suggest a melody, and vice versa. Try experimenting with both methods. Also consider collaborating with fellow musicians. Often, if you've hit writers block, then playing your song to a friend, or with a friend, can provide the creative flash to get your song to the next stage.
What are the different types of lyric forms?
There are several types of lyric forms, and variations on those types. Three of the most common forms are AAA, AABA, and verse-chorus. An AAA lyric form (e.g. a typical blues) generally consists of repeating sections. Each section may have a refrain, which is a line or two that is repeated in each section.
An AABA lyric form differs from AAA as it features a bridge (B) section that contrasts from the A sections. Some AABA songs feature separate verses, with the AABA form appearing in the chorus.
A verse-chorus song (e.g. Waltzing Matilda) generally consists of alternating verse and chorus sections. The chorus often contains the title phrase (often referred to as the "hook").
How do I set a melody to chords, and vice versa?
This question deserves a detailed explanation. Melody notes usually come from the chords themselves, or from notes that belong to the scale that the chords belong to. We can take a simple melody and add chords to it by identifying which triads fit the notes, but the best songs are usually the ones that start with a good melody and build from there.
When I'm songwriting, is there a particular musical structure I should aim for?
What is a melody? Melodies are like sentences. In the simplest terms, the opening phrase asks the question and the second phrase answers the question. For example, "Do you still love me?" might be the opening phrase, and the next phrase might be, "Till the oceans run dry".
Contrast the melody between sections. The most common approach is to make the melody higher in the chorus than in the verse of the song; although you can also create a contrast by making the melody lower.
Contrast the rhythm between sections. If the predominant rhythm of the melody in the verse of the song is eighth notes, make the predominant rhythm in the chorus sixteenth notes, or quarter notes.
Don't have a chorus that sounds too much like the verse. Different musical sections such as verses, lifts, choruses and bridges should contrast each other.
Music has three fundamental components (melody, harmony, and rhythm), so we have three ways of creating a contrast between different musical sections.
Melodic Contrast - To create an effective melodic contrast, make sure that the chorus is higher than the verse. Write the verse in a comfortable, but low melodic range, leaving plenty of room to move upward in the chorus.
Harmonic Contrast – If both the verse and chorus use the same chord progression, there's a good chance those sections will sound too similar. Try to consciously choose a different chord progression for each different musical section. The easiest way to achieve this is to start each section on a different chord. However, if you do start both your verse and chorus on the same chord, be sure to include some other method of contrast.
Rhythmic Contrast – A third way to create an effective contrast between sections is by changing the rhythm of the melody between the verse and chorus. If you're solely a lyricist, rhythmic contrast is a great thing that you can build into your lyrics by simply paying particular attention to the rhythm of the words in each section.
What's the trick to making a song that everyone remembers?
When you listen to a song, you probably notice that the music is made up of certain phrases or ideas which repeat themselves throughout the song. These musical phrases are called motifs or themes. A motif may be melodic, rhythmic, harmonic, or a combination of these.
A common mistake made by songwriters is thinking that the music becomes "boring" or "too simplistic" when phrases are repeated in this manner. As a songwriter full of musical ideas, you can easily get caught up in trying to be too clever. This usually results in a song that has too many musical ideas -- and that makes the song harder to remember (and that's not good). If one of your main goals as a songwriter is to write something that's memorable, then by far the best technique available to you, is the power of repetition. The trick is in knowing how to use repetition without getting "boring".
The next time you hear one of your favorite songs, listen to how the use of repetition goes a long way toward making the song easier to remember. If you are writing a song that has more than four or five different musical ideas in it, chances are you have enough ideas for another song. Remember, when you have a lot of great musical ideas, don't use them all in one song. Instead, write a lot of great songs.
What about recording my songs?
One of the very best ways of developing your songwriting skills is to record your work regularly. This way you can develop your own work and share your songs with others. At Sound Heaven, many songwriters come in for a few hours once every couple of months just to lay down demos of their songs so that they can take the recordings away, share them with others, and work on the songs to develop them further.


I know that I have problems with entries and exits.
CT is for beginers with fixed 2 pts. profit and I tried to use it but a lot of times it would touch my profit target and revers. That's why I'm trying to exit if I see price reversing.
With BT (base line) you trailing your stop behind TML or MB or any other S/R lines. You can also move your stop after higher low/ lower high when it makes new higher high/ lower low. I've seen him also trail stop loss 2-3 ticks away after it ran over 62% extantion. He call it squeezing the price.
MT as I understand from videos when you add to you position at pull backs and then exit at 100% target.
I saw also he takes half of the position out at pull back with divergence and second half get stopped or runs for bigger profit if divergence gets broken. Some times he takes all off that out at divergence.
The outer band usually 62% (first target) if market moves. That's why he talks about outer band as a fist profit target.
Also I've heard them talking that after 38% retrasement it runs to 100% extantion. I believe 50% work the same way.
That's a lot of management for me and I usually over manage my trades. I know that I should come up with one strategy that works for me but I didn't find anything yet. My problem is that I'm jumping from one strategy to another and cannot stick with just one plan. I'll work on it and hopefully find something soon that works for me well.


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The 2012 Major League Baseball All-Star Game was the 83rd edition of the Major League Baseball All-Star Game. It was held on July 10, 2012, during the 2012 Major League Baseball season at Kauffman Stadium in Kansas City, Missouri, home of the Kansas City Royals. This marked the third time the Mid-summer Classic had been played in Kansas City, with Kauffman Stadium (then named Royals Stadium) last hosting the event in 1973, the stadium's first year of existence. The event was also held at Municipal Stadium in 1960, when the Athletics were still based there, one of two played that season. The game was televised in the United States by Fox.

The National League shut out the American League for the sixth time in All-Star Game history. It was the third-largest margin of victory for any Mid-summer Classic. The TV ratings fell even further than the 2011 edition, earning a 6.8 rating and 12 share on Fox. The total number of viewers who watched any portion of the game was up 7 percent from the previous year, however, with 27.7 million total viewers.

As of 2022, this is the last time the National League won the All-Star Game.

Host selection
Kauffman Stadium underwent a US $250 million renovation, funded by a 0.375% sales tax increase on the residents of Jackson County, Missouri for the Harry S. Truman Sports Complex, which also houses Arrowhead Stadium, the home of the Kansas City Chiefs. The referendum passed in an election on April 4, 2006. As a result of the deal, Major League Baseball commissioner Bud Selig promised the area that the team would host a future All-Star Game no later than 2014. On June 16, 2010, Selig officially awarded the rights to host the game to Kansas City for the 2012 season.

Fenway Park was also in contention for hosting the 2012 All-Star Game to celebrate that park's centennial. However Boston had most recently hosted the 1999 All-Star game.

Fan balloting

Starters
Balloting for the 2012 All-Star Game starters began online April 20 and continued through June 28. Fan voting also took place in each MLB stadium, beginning May 8 (at the latest) and ended on June 22. The top vote-getters at each position (including the designated hitter for the American League) and the top three among outfielders, were named the starters for their respective leagues. The results were announced on July 1.  A record 40.2 million votes were cast, beating out the previous record from 2011 (32.5 million) by a little under eight million. Josh Hamilton was the leading vote-getter with 11,073,744 votes, shattering the record that José Bautista set the prior year with 7,454,753 votes. Buster Posey set a new NL record for votes this year with 7,621,370 votes.

Final roster spot
After the rosters were revealed, a second ballot of five players per league was created for the All-Star Final Vote to determine the 34th and final player of each roster. The online balloting was conducted from Sunday afternoon, July 1, through Thursday afternoon, July 5.  The winners of the All-Star Final Vote were Yu Darvish of the Texas Rangers (AL) and David Freese of the St. Louis Cardinals (NL).  Chipper Jones, of the Atlanta Braves, was removed from the ballot on July 3 after he replaced Matt Kemp on the roster due to injury.

Rosters
Players in italics have since been inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame.

American League

National League

The only position player able to participate who was not used was Adam Dunn. Lance Lynn and Huston Street were the pitchers not used by the National League. For the American League, pitchers Yu Darvish, Félix Hernández (who threw 114 pitches on July 8), Jake Peavy, and Chris Perez did not enter the game.

Game summary

In the first inning, the National League scored five runs off of Justin Verlander. Melky Cabrera singled with one out, then scored on Ryan Braun's double. Two two-out walks loaded the bases before Pablo Sandoval cleared them with a triple to the right field corner. Sandoval then scored on Dan Uggla's single. In the fourth, Rafael Furcal tripled with two outs off of Matt Harrison and scored on Matt Holliday's single. Melky Cabrera's home run then capped the game's scoring. The AL had the bases loaded in the fifth off of Clayton Kershaw, but failed to drive in any runs and the NL won 8–0. It was the third straight season the AL lost in an All-Star game. With two hits and two RBI, Melky Cabrera was named the All-Star Game MVP and was the first Giants player to be named All-Star MVP since Bobby Bonds in the 1973 All-Star Game, which was also held in Kansas City.

Starters

Box score

Umpires: Home Plate – Gerry Davis (crew chief); First Base – Jim Joyce; Second Base – Brian Runge; Third Base – Tony Randazzo; Left Field – Lance Barksdale; Right Field – Brian Knight
Weather: Temperature: , clear; Wind: 11 mph, in from left field
Time of Game: 2:59
Attendance: 40,933

Notes
Though he retired after the 2011 season, Tony La Russa managed the National League All-Stars, becoming only the second retired manager to manage an All-Star Game after John McGraw did it in 1933. With his win, La Russa became the first manager to win an All-Star Game in both leagues.
Bryce Harper's selection to the All-Star Game at age 19 made him the third-youngest player ever to be named an All-Star, behind Dwight Gooden and Bob Feller, and the youngest ever position player.
Gerry Davis umpired his fourth All-Star Game, second behind the plate. The other time Davis called balls and strikes was the 2002 tie game.
The National League recorded a five-run inning for the fourth time, in the opening frame for the first time; 1954 (4th inning), 1969 (3rd inning), 2003 (5th inning).  The A.L. has previously had three bigger innings in All-Star Game history.
Pablo Sandoval highlighted the National League's big first inning with the first bases-loaded triple in the history of the Mid-summer Classic. It was the first of the senior circuit's All-Star Game record three triples in the game – the others coming in the fourth inning from Rafael Furcal and Ryan Braun, who became the first All-Star teammates to each triple in the same half-inning.
Players from the eventual World Series champion San Francisco Giants (Sandoval, Melky Cabrera and Buster Posey)—who would therefore reap the benefits of the NL's win by gaining home-field advantage in the World Series—either scored and/or drove in seven of the eight runs, while teammate Matt Cain was the winning pitcher; conversely, the five first-inning runs were scored off Justin Verlander, whose Detroit Tigers would be their World Series opponent.
Fox, the broadcasting network of the game in the United States, preempted the live broadcasts of "O Canada" and "The Star-Spangled Banner" (performed by Luke Bryan) for commercials. Kellie Pickler sang "God Bless America" during the 7th-inning stretch.
This game was the last time the Houston Astros were represented as a team from the National League. The team moved to the American League West in 2013.
Sixty-one players (32 N.L. and 29 A.L.) took part in the game, surpassing the nine-inning record of 60 set in 2011. This was the first time there was a shutout since the American League was shut out in the 1996 Major League Baseball All-Star Game.

See also

List of Major League Baseball All-Star Game winners
All-Star Futures Game
Home Run Derby

References

External links

Official website of the All-Star Game
2012 Major League Baseball All-Star Game at Baseball Reference
2012 Major League Baseball All-Star Game at ESPN

Major League Baseball All-Star Game
All-Star
2010s in Kansas City, Missouri
Major League Baseball All Star Game
July 2012 sports events in the United States
Baseball competitions in Kansas City, Missouri

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Planning events is one of the things we do best at DoubleTree by Hilton Philadelphia-Valley Forge. Whether you invite friends, colleagues, or clients to an event at our hotel, our staff will make sure that everything runs smoothly from planning to wrap up. We're ready to set up your space, supply the room with what you need, and meet any special dietary needs.
We'd love to give you a tour and show you some of the ways we'll help you make your next event successful. Check availability with us today.
At DoubleTree by Hilton Philadelphia-Valley Forge, your meeting rooms will be set to your specifications and supplied with ergonomic chairs, pads, pens, and water. Break stations are located throughout our conference center and are continuously refreshed during your meeting. Each room is equipped with an LCD projector, A/V cart, WiFi, and more (available at a cost). For meetings of up to 25 guests, inquire about our Meetings Simplified Package. Contact the DoubleTree by Hilton Philadelphia-Valley Forge for more information on our small meeting services.
The DoubleTree by Hilton Philadelphia-Valley Forge hotel has three dedicated meeting areas. Summit rooms are located on a floor dedicated to smaller intimate meetings and/or a variety of breakout spaces. The Lobby and Lower Level Rooms can be found in a separate wing off of the Main Hotel Entrance - close enough to be convenient, far away from hotel guests walking the halls to the pool and restaurants. The meeting rooms, accommodating up to 750 guests, have ergonomic chairs, wide non-glare tables, natural light and built-in screens.


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Q: Error: "Expression must have a constant value" I don't know if it's because I don't need it int the header of the function, but when I do int ticketClass, and int ticketAmount, and put them in the array, it says that the array must have a constant value, when to me at least it seems to already have one, I'm new to arrays and don't know what I did wrong, I appreciate any help I can get.
void customerData(int const CUSTOMERINFO[])
{
int const CUSTOMERINFO = 2;
int ticketClass[CUSTOMERINFO];
int ticketAmount[CUSTOMERINFO];
string moreTickets;
string customerChoice;
int i = 0;

A: That's not the error. The error is that you're declaring a new variable with the same name as the argument. See here
To fix this, choose a different name. From context here, perhaps CUSTOMER_COUNT or CUSTOMER_LIMIT.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


After many years of dedicated service, even the finest instruments will begin to cede to the natural aging process. Many of the internal parts that contributed to the wonderful sound and action you have enjoyed over the years will begin to show their age. Keys crack and split, soundboards lose their crown (or tension), the internal mechanisms, or action begins to dry out and loosen up. Keys become sloppy, felts inside the piano can become saturated with humidity or moth-eaten and cause the action to bind or cause lost motion (sloppiness) In addition, the finish can become checkered or alligatored, dull, or even turn to black.
When the piano is a fine instrument that was made to exacting standards originally, often it is worth rebuilding; a process that can restore the instrument to its original grandeur. Rebuilding is a painstaking process that encompasses a wide range of skills and the finest of materials, which when combined expertly will result in a restoration that will last several lifetimes.
The process begins with a meticulous evaluation of the current condition of the piano. Generally, the only pianos that are worth the considerable expense and effort are grand pianos of the best vintage. Typically, these pianos would be made by Steinway, Mason & Hamlin, Sohmer and several others.
"Thank you for your informative lecture and hands-on demonstration on Key Re-bushing and the Spurlock system. What a huge array of custom tools and materials including the Japanese hand saws, the likes of which many of us had never seen. Thank you for an informative, stimulating and entertaining show. It was enjoyed by all.
Atsundo Ailawa, President, The Soundboard Press"


Très cozy came about over brunch one day when two friends, Kara and Angelique, were talking about a community they wished existed.
Kara Egelton, owner and founder of très barre studio and barremommy is a certified Kinesiologist (FKQ). She is a health behavior, exercise & sport psychology consultant and lifestyle coach. Kara is a mom, a fitness instructor, a pre & post natal fitness expert, and an entrepreneur.
Kara has always had a passion for physical movement, music and dance. Her exercise is her happy place, her relaxation, it centers her, it is her… "meditation in motion". Kara's lifelong passion for fitness led her to a BSc in Kinesiology and an MA in Kinesiology specializing in Health Behaviour and Exercise Psychology.
Kara began her career as the only wellness program coordinator for a multi-site organization of over 15,000 employees, successfully developing and implementing their first ever employee wellness program. This program led to positive organizational changes resulting in permanent on-site wellness committee and daily activities. The success of these programs were published in scholarly journals. Kara continues to work with this multi-site organization among other corporate partners to offer workplace wellness programs, seminars, workshops and on-site fitness, kinesiology, and health behaviour consultations.
For over ten years Angelique Gay focused on mental health as a marketer in the pharmaceutical industry. In February 2014 she began the cozy sweater café blog as an outlet to share her passion for culture, travel and style.
What started as a creative experiment has turned into a successful blog that inspires people to follow their passion. Angelique has interviewed Grey's Anatomy's Giacomo Giannotti, Arrival's Mark O'Brien, and césar winning actor Marc-André Grondin. After interviewing television & radio host Mitsou Gélinas, Angelique was hired as a freelance editor/writer of Mitsou.com; an on-line community that enriches the lives of women.
This experience has solidified for Angelique that the best way to be happy is to listen to your inner voice, get started, see where it takes you, and not let fear or uncertainty hold you back. You have to jump so that you can fly.
Join us for our second event "Ladies' Night for the Soul" held at Kara's studio on February 1st and 22nd, 2018 at 6:30 PM. Get your tickets here.


He just couldn't stay unemployed.
HBO is determined to sign all the cool, white dads. The network was quick to grab the talented Bill Simmons when he was cut by ESPN, and now it has added Jon Stewart; signing him to a four-year deal.
At HBO, Stewart will initially create short-form, newsy digital content for HBO Now, HBO Go and other platforms. There will be more projects as things progress.
This is a homecoming for Stewart, whose previous work with HBO included a comedy special and hosting duties for George Carlin: 40 Years of Comedy and Mr. Show With Bob and David.


text:
* Red Sea *
دریای سرخ ، دریای احمر
Sea located between the African and the Arabian peninsula. King Dariush the Great ordered building a canal that connected the Red Sea to the Nile River in Egypt around 520 B.C. (Wikipedia) - Red Sea This article is about the body of water between Arabia and Africa. For other meanings, see Red Sea (disambiguation).
This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page.
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2012)
This article is missing information about pollution of the Red Sea. Please expand the article to include this information. Further details may exist on the talk page. (August 2014)
Coordinates 22°N 38°E / 22°N 38°E / 22; 38Coordinates: 22°N 38°E / 22°N 38°E / 22; 38
Max. length 2,250 km (1,400 mi)
Max. width 355 km (221 mi)
Surface area 438,000 km2 (169,000 sq mi)
Average depth 490 m (1,610 ft)
Max. depth 2,211 m (7,254 ft)
Water volume 233,000 km3 (56,000 cu mi)
Play mediaThis video over the south-eastern Mediterranean Sea and down the coastline of the Red Sea was taken by the crew of Expedition 29 on board the International Space Station.
The Red Sea, or what is sometimes called the Erythraean Sea, is a seawater inlet of the Indian Ocean, lying between Africa and Asia. The connection to the ocean is in the south through the Bab el Mandeb strait and the Gulf of Aden. In the north, there is the Sinai Peninsula, the Gulf of Aqaba, and the Gulf of Suez (leading to the Suez Canal). The Red Sea is a Global 200 ecoregion. The sea is underlain by the Red Sea Rift which is part of the Great Rift Valley.
The Red Sea has a surface area of roughly 438,000 km² (169,100 mi²). It is about 2250 km (1398 mi) long and, at its widest point, 355 km (220.6 mi) wide. It has a maximum depth of 2211 m (7254 ft) in the central median trench, and an average depth of 490 m (1,608 ft). However, there are also extensive shallow shelves, noted for their marine life and corals. The sea is the habitat of over 1,000 invertebrate species, and 200 soft and hard corals. It is the world''s northernmost tropical sea.
1 Extent
3.1 Ancient era
3.2 Muhammad''s era
3.3 Middle ages and modern era
4 Oceanography
4.1 Salinity
4.2 Tidal range
4.3 Current
4.4 Wind regime
5.1 Mineral resources
6 Living resources
7 Desalination plants
9 Facts and figures
11 Bordering countries
12 Towns and cities
The International Hydrographic Organization defines the limits of the Red Sea as follows:
On the North. The Southern limits of the Gulfs of Suez and Aqaba . On the South. A line joining Husn Murad (12°40′N 43°30′E / 12.667°N 43.500°E / 12.667; 43.500) and Ras Siyyan (12°29′N 43°20′E / 12.483°N 43.333°E / 12.483; 43.333).NameTihama on the Red Sea near Khaukha, Yemen
Red Sea is a direct translation of the Greek Erythra Thalassa (Ερυθρὰ Θάλασσα) and Latin Mare Rubrum (alternatively Sinus Arabicus, literally "Arabian Gulf"), Arabic Al-Baḥr Al-Aḥmar (البحر الأحمر) or Baḥr Al-Qalzam(بحر القلزم), Somali Badda Cas and Tigrinya Qeyyiḥ bāḥrī (ቀይሕ ባሕሪ). The name of the sea may signify the seasonal blooms of the red-coloured Trichodesmium erythraeum near the water''s surface. A theory favored by some modern scholars is that the name red is referring to the direction South, just as the Black Sea''s name may refer to North. The basis of this theory is that some Asiatic languages used color words to refer to the cardinal directions. Herodotus on one occasion uses Red Sea and Southern Sea interchangeably.
Historically, it was also known to western geographers as Mare Mecca (Sea of Mecca), and Sinus Arabicus (Gulf of Arabia). Some ancient geographers called the Red Sea the Arabian Gulf or Gulf of Arabia.
The association of the Red Sea with the Biblical account of the Israelite Crossing the Red Sea is ancient, and was made explicit in the Septuagint translation of the Book of Exodus from Hebrew to Koine Greek in approximately the third century B.C. In that version, the Hebrew Yam Suph (ים סוף) is translated as Erythra Thalassa (Red Sea). (See also the more recent suggestion that the Yam Suph of the Exodus refers to a Sea of Reeds). The Red Sea is one of four seas named in English after common color terms — the others being the Black Sea, the White Sea and the Yellow Sea. The direct rendition of the Greek Erythra thalassa in Latin as Mare Erythraeum refers to the north-western part of the Indian Ocean, and also to a region on Mars.
History Ancient eraAncient Egyptian expedition to the Land of Punt on the Red Sea coast during the reign of Queen Hatshepsut.
The earliest known exploration of the Red Sea was conducted by ancient Egyptians, as they attempted to establish commercial routes to Punt. One such expedition took place around 2500 BC, and another around 1500 BC ( by Hatshepsut ). Both involved long voyages down the Red Sea. The Biblical Book of Exodus tells the story of the Israelites'' crossing of a body of water, which the Hebrew text calls Yam Suph. Yam Suph was traditionally identified as the Red Sea. The account is part of the Israelites'' escape from slavery in Egypt. Yam Suph can also been translated as Sea of Reeds.
Settlements and commercial centers in the vicinity of the Red Sea involved in the spice trade, as described in the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea.
In the 6th century BC, Darius the Great of Persia sent reconnaissance missions to the Red Sea, improving and extending navigation by locating many hazardous rocks and currents. A canal was built between the Nile and the northern end of the Red Sea at Suez. In the late 4th century BC, Alexander the Great sent Greek naval expeditions down the Red Sea to the Indian Ocean. Greek navigators continued to explore and compile data on the Red Sea. Agatharchides collected information about the sea in the 2nd century BC. The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea ("Periplus of the Red Sea"), a Greek periplus written by an unknown author around the 1st century AD, contain a detailed description of the Red Sea''s ports and sea routes. The Periplus also describes how Hippalus first discovered the direct route from the Red Sea to India.
The Red Sea was favored for Roman trade with India starting with the reign of Augustus, when the Roman Empire gained control over the Mediterranean, Egypt, and the northern Red Sea. The route had been used by previous states but grew in the volume of traffic under the Romans. From Indian ports goods from China were introduced to the Roman world. Contact between Rome and China depended on the Red Sea, but the route was broken by the Aksumite Empire around the 3rd century AD.
Muhammad''s era
List of battles of Muhammad
Ghazwah (expeditions where he took part)
Abwa
Buwat
1st Badr
Kudr
Sawiq
Qaynuqa
Bahran
Uhud
2nd Nejd
2nd Badr
Jandal
Qurayza
Lahyan
Mustaliq
Khaybar
Fadak
Qura
Dhat
Baqra
Hunayn
Autas
Ta''if
Tabouk
Sariyyah (expeditions which he ordered)
1st Nejd
Qatan
Unais
Raji
Damri
Maslamah
1st Thala
2nd Thala
Qarad
Jumum
3rd Thala
Hisma
1st Ali
Wadi
Rawaha
Bakr
Mayfah
Ghalib
Kadid
Layth
Shuja
Ka''b
Mu''tah
1st Amr
Ubaidah
Hadrad
Khadirah
2nd Amr
Sa''d
Jadh
Tufail
1st Autas
2nd Autas
Tamim
Khatham
Dahhak
3rd Ali
Udhrah
3rd Khalid
4th Khalid
Sufyan
Jurash
Mudhij
Hamdan
Army of Usama (Final Expedition)
Main article: List of expeditions of Muhammad
The Islamic prophet Muhammad''s followers suffered from poverty after fleeing persecution in Mecca and migrating with Muhammad to Medina. Their Meccan persecutors seized their wealth and belongings left behind in Mecca.
Beginning in January 623, some of the Muslims resorted to the tradition of raiding the Meccan caravans that traveled along the eastern coast of the Red Sea from Mecca to Syria. Communal life was essential for survival in desert conditions, as people needed support against the harsh environment and lifestyle. The tribal grouping was thus encouraged by the need to act as a unit. This unity was based on the bond of kinship by blood. People of Arabia were either nomadic or sedentary, the former constantly traveling from one place to another seeking water and pasture for their flocks, while the latter settled and focused on trade and agriculture. The survival of nomads (or Bedouins) was also partially dependent on raiding caravans or oases, thus they saw this as no crime.
Muhammad ordered the Batn Rabigh Caravan Raid in 623 against the Quraush. This was the first military operation against them
The second operation against the Quraaysh was in May/June 623 called the Kharar Caravan Raid
This was followed by the Invasion of Waddan in August 623
In October 623 Muhammad ordered an attack against Quraysh caravans in Buwat known as the Invasion of Buwat
Then in December 623 another Quraysh caravan was attacked in the Invasion of Dul Ashir
He then ordered Muslims to gather intelligence against the Quraysh in January 624 in an oepration known as the Nakhla Raid, 1 member of the Quraysh wa s kileld and 2 were captured, this was the first time someone was killed in an operation
A major operation was then launched in March 624 known as the Battle of Badr. In this operation 14 Muslims were killed and 70 Quraysh members were also killed, 30-47 were captured
Middle ages and modern era
During the Middle Ages, the Red Sea was an important part of the Spice trade route. In 1513, trying to secure that channel to Portugal, Afonso de Albuquerque laid siege to Aden. but was forced to retreat. They cruised the Red Sea inside the Bab al-Mandab, as the first European fleet to have sailed these waters.
In 1798, France ordered General Napoleon to invade Egypt and take control of the Red Sea. Although he failed in his mission, the engineer Jean-Baptiste Lepère, who took part in it, revitalised the plan for a canal which had been envisaged during the reign of the Pharaohs. Several canals were built in ancient times from the Nile to the Red Sea along or near the line of the present Sweet Water Canal, but none lasted for long. The Suez Canal was opened in November 1869. At the time, the British, French, and Italians shared the trading posts. The posts were gradually dismantled following the First World War. After the Second World War, the Americans and Soviets exerted their influence whilst the volume of oil tanker traffic intensified. However, the Six Day War culminated in the closure of the Suez Canal from 1967 to 1975. Today, in spite of patrols by the major maritime fleets in the waters of the Red Sea, the Suez Canal has never recovered its supremacy over the Cape route, which is believed to be less vulnerable.
OceanographyAnnotated view of the Nile and Red Sea, with a dust storm.
The Red Sea lies between arid land, desert and semi-desert. The main reasons for the better development of reef systems along the Red Sea is because of its greater depths and an efficient water circulation pattern, The Red Sea water mass exchanges its water with the Arabian Sea, Indian Ocean via the Gulf of Aden. These physical factors reduce the effect of high salinity caused by evaporation water in the north and relatively hot water in the south.
The climate of the Red Sea is the result of two distinct monsoon seasons; a northeasterly monsoon and a southwesterly monsoon. Monsoon winds occur because of the differential heating between the land surface and sea. Very high surface temperatures coupled with high salinities makes this one of the warmest and saltiest bodies of seawater in the world. The average surface water temperature of the Red Sea during the summer is about 26 °C (79 °F) in the north and 30 °C (86 °F) in the south, with only about 2 °C (3.6 °F) variation during the winter months. The overall average water temperature is 22 °C (72 °F). Today surface water temperatures remain relatively constant at 21–25 °C (70–77 °F). Temperature and visibility remain good to around 200 m (656 ft). The sea is known for its strong winds and unpredictable local currents.
The rainfall over the Red Sea and its coasts is extremely low, averaging 0.06 m (2.36 in) per year. The rain is mostly in the form of showers of short spells, often associated with thunderstorms and occasionally with dust storms. The scarcity of rainfall and no major source of fresh water to the Red Sea result in the excess evaporation as high as 205 cm (81 in) per year and high salinity with minimal seasonal variation. A recent underwater expedition to the Red Sea offshore from Sudan and Eritrea found surface water temperatures 28 °C in winter and up to 34 °C in the summer, but despite that extreme heat the coral was healthy with much fish life with very little sign of coral bleaching, with only 9% infected by thalassomonas loyana, the ''white plague'' agent. Favia favus coral there harbours a virus, BA3, which kills T.loyana. Plans are afoot to use samples of these corals'' apparently heat-adapted commensal algae to salvage bleached coral elsewhere.
The Red Sea is one of the most saline bodies of water in the world, owing to high evaporation. Salinity ranges from between ~36 ‰ in the southern part because of the effect of the Gulf of Aden water and reaches 41 ‰ in the northern part, owing mainly to the Gulf of Suez water and the high evaporation. The average salinity is 40 ‰. (Average salinity for the world''s seawater is ~35 ‰ on the Practical Salinity Scale, or PPS; that translates to 3.5% actual dissolved salts.)
The salinity of the Red Sea is greater than the world average, approximately 4 percent. This is due to several factors:
High rate of evaporation and very little precipitation.
Lack of significant rivers or streams draining into the sea.
Limited connection with the Indian Ocean, which has lower water salinity.
Tidal range
In general tide ranges between 0.6 m (2.0 ft) in the north, near the mouth of the Gulf of Suez and 0.9 m (3.0 ft) in the south near the Gulf of Aden but it fluctuates between 0.20 m (0.66 ft) and 0.30 m (0.98 ft) away from the nodal point. The central Red Sea (Jeddah area) is therefore almost tideless, and as such the annual water level changes are more significant. Because of the small tidal range the water during high tide inundates the coastal sabkhas as a thin sheet of water up to a few hundred metres rather than inundating the sabkhas through a network of channels. However, south of Jeddah in the Shoiaba area the water from the lagoon may cover the adjoining sabkhas as far as 3 km (2 mi) whereas, north of Jeddah in the Al-kharrar area the sabkhas are covered by a thin sheet of water as far as 2 km (1.2 mi). The prevailing north and northeastern winds influence the movement of water in the coastal inlets to the adjacent sabkhas, especially during storms. Winter mean sea level is 0.5 m (1.6 ft) higher than in summer. Tidal velocities passing through constrictions caused by reefs, sand bars and low islands commonly exceed 1–2 m/s (3–6.5 ft/s). Coral reefs in the Red Sea are near Egypt, Eritrea, Israel, Saudi Arabia, and Sudan.
In the Red Sea detailed current data is lacking, partially because they are weak and variable both spatially and temporally. Temporal and spatial currents variation is as low as 0.5 m (1.6 ft) and are governed all by wind. During the summer, NW winds drive surface water south for about four months at a velocity of 15–20 cm/s (6–8 in/s), whereas in winter the flow is reversed resulting in the inflow of water from the Gulf of Aden into the Red Sea. The net value of the latter predominates, resulting in an overall drift to the northern end of the Red Sea. Generally, the velocity of the tidal current is between 50–60 cm/s (20–23.6 in/s) with a maximum of 1 m/s (3.3 ft/s) at the mouth of the al-Kharrar Lagoon. However, the range of the north-northeast current along the Saudi coast is 8–29 cm/s (3–11.4 in/s).
Wind regime
With the exception of the northern part of the Red Sea, which is dominated by persistent north-west winds, with speeds ranging between 7 km/h (4.3 mph) and 12 km/h (7.5 mph), the rest of the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden are subjected to the influence of regular and seasonally reversible winds. The wind regime is characterized by both seasonal and regional variations in speed and direction with average speed generally increasing northward.
Wind is the driving force in the Red Sea for transporting the material either as suspension or as bedload. Wind induced currents play an important role in the Red Sea in initiating the process of resuspension of bottom sediments and transfer of materials from sites of dumping to sites of burial in quiescent environment of deposition. Wind generated current measurement is therefore important in order to determine the sediment dispersal pattern and its role in the erosion and accretion of the coastal rock exposure and the submerged coral beds.
GeologyDust storm over the Red Sea
The Red Sea was formed by Arabia being split from Africa by movement of the Red Sea Rift. This split started in the Eocene and accelerated during the Oligocene. The sea is still widening, and it is considered that it will become an ocean in time (as proposed in the model of John Tuzo Wilson). In 1949, a deep water survey reported anomalously hot brines in the central portion of the Red Sea. Later work in the 1960s confirmed the presence of hot, 60 °C (140 °F), saline brines and associated metalliferous muds. The hot solutions were emanating from an active subseafloor rift. The high salinity of the waters was not hospitable to living organisms.
Sometimes during the Tertiary period the Bab el Mandeb closed and the Red Sea evaporated to an empty, hot, dry salt-floored sink. Effects causing this would have been:
A "race" between the Red Sea widening and Perim Island erupting filling the Bab el Mandeb with lava.
The lowering of world sea level during the Ice Ages because of much water being locked up in the ice caps.
A number of volcanic islands rise from the center of the sea. Most are dormant, but in 2007 Jabal al-Tair island, in the Bab el Mandeb strait, erupted violently. An eruption among the nearby Zubair islands followed in 2011.
Mineral resourcesRed Sea coast in Taba, Egypt
In terms of mineral resources the major constituents of the Red Sea sediments are as follows:
Biogenic constituents:
Nanofossils, foraminifera, pteropods, siliceous fossils
Volcanogenic constituents:
Tuffites, volcanic ash, montmorillonite, cristobalite, zeolites
Terrigenous constituents:
Quartz, feldspars, rock fragments, mica, heavy minerals, clay minerals
Authigenic minerals:
Sulfide minerals, aragonite, Mg-calcite, protodolomite, dolomite, quartz, chalcedony.
Evaporite minerals:
Magnesite, gypsum, anhydrite, halite, polyhalite
Brine precipitate:
Fe-montmorillonite, goethite, hematite, siderite, rhodochrosite, pyrite, sphalerite, anhydrite.Living resourcesAin Sukhna beach, Suez - Mollusca collection
The Red Sea is a rich and diverse ecosystem. More than 1200 species of fish have been recorded in the Red Sea, and around 10% of these are found nowhere else. This also includes 42 species of deepwater fish.
Red Sea coral and marine fish
The rich diversity is in part due to the 2,000 km (1,240 mi) of coral reef extending along its coastline; these fringing reefs are 5000–7000 years old and are largely formed of stony acropora and porites corals. The reefs form platforms and sometimes lagoons along the coast and occasional other features such as cylinders (such as the Blue Hole (Red Sea) at Dahab). These coastal reefs are also visited by pelagic species of red sea fish, including some of the 44 species of shark.
The Red Sea also contains many offshore reefs including several true atolls. Many of the unusual offshore reef formations defy classic (i.e., Darwinian) coral reef classification schemes, and are generally attributed to the high levels of tectonic activity that characterize the area.
The special biodiversity of the area is recognized by the Egyptian government, who set up the Ras Mohammed National Park in 1983. The rules and regulations governing this area protect local marine life, which has become a major draw for diving enthusiasts.
Divers and snorkellers should be aware that although most Red Sea species are innocuous, a few are hazardous to humans: see Red Sea species hazardous to humans.
Other marine habitats include sea grass beds, salt pans, mangroves and salt marshes.
Desalination plants
There is extensive demand of desalinated water to meet the requirement of the population and the industries along the Red Sea.
There are at least 18 desalination plants along the Red Sea coast of Saudi Arabia which discharge warm brine and treatment chemicals (chlorine and anti-scalants) that may cause bleaching and mortality of corals and diseases to the fish stocks. Although this is only a localized phenomenon, it may intensify with time and have a profound impact on the fishing industry.
The water from the Red Sea is also utilized by oil refineries and cement factories for cooling purposes. Used water drained back into the coastal zones may cause harm to the nearshore environment of the Red Sea.
The Red Sea is part of the sea roads between Europe, the Persian Gulf and East Asia, and as such has heavy shipping traffic. Piracy in Somalia occurs principally near the area of the Gulf of Aden south of the sea. Government-related bodies with responsibility to police the Red Sea area include the Port Said Port Authority, Suez Canal Authority and Red Sea Ports Authority of Egypt, Jordan Maritime Authority, Israel Port Authority, Saudi Ports Authority and Sea Ports Corporation of Sudan.
Length: ~2,250 km (1,398.1 mi) - 79% of the eastern Red Sea with numerous coastal inlets
Maximum Width: ~ 306–355 km (190–220 mi)– Massawa (Eritrea)
Minimum Width: ~ 26–29 km (16–18 mi)- Bab el Mandeb Strait (Yemen)
Average Width: ~ 280 km (174.0 mi)
Average Depth: ~ 490 m (1,607.6 ft)
Maximum Depth: ~2,211 m (7,253.9 ft)
Surface Area: 438-450 x 10² km² (16,900–17,400 sq mi)
Volume: 215–251 x 10³ km³ (51,600–60,200 cu mi)
Approximately 40% of the Red Sea is quite shallow (under 100 m/330 ft), and about 25% is under 50 m (164 ft) deep.
About 15% of the Red Sea is over 1,000 m (3,300 ft) depth that forms the deep axial trough.
Shelf breaks are marked by coral reefs
Continental slope has an irregular profile (series of steps down to ~500 m or 1,640 ft)
Centre of Red Sea has a narrow trough (~ 1,000 m or 3,281 ft; some deeps may exceed 2,500 m or 8,202 ft)
TourismHotels in Eilat, Israel
This section does not cite any references or sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (June 2008)
The sea is known for its spectacular recreational diving sites, such as Ras Mohammed, SS Thistlegorm (shipwreck), Elphinstone Reef, The Brothers, Daedalus Reef, St.John''s Reef, Rocky Island in Egypt and less known sites in Sudan such as Sanganeb, Abington, Angarosh and Shaab Rumi.
The Red Sea became a sought-after diving destination after the expeditions of Hans Hass in the 1950s, and later by Jacques-Yves Cousteau. Popular tourist resorts include El Gouna, Hurghada, Safaga, Marsa Alam, on the western shore of the Red Sea, and Sharm-El-Sheikh, Dahab, and Taba on the Egyptian side of Sinaï, as well as Aqaba in Jordan and Eilat in Israel in an area known as the Red Sea Riviera.
The popular tourist beach of Sharm el-Sheikh was closed to all swimming in December 2010 due to several serious shark attacks, including one fatality. As of December 2010, scientists are investigating the attacks and have identified, but not verified, several possible causes including over-fishing which causes large sharks to hunt closer to shore, tourist boat operators who chum offshore for shark-photo opportunities, and reports of ships throwing dead livestock overboard. The sea''s narrow width, significant depth, and sharp drop-offs, all combine to form a geography where large deep-water sharks can roam in hundreds of meters of water, yet be within a hundred meters of swimming areas.
Bordering countries
The Red Sea may be geographically divided into three sections: the Red Sea proper, and in the north, the Gulf of Aqaba and the Gulf of Suez. The six countries bordering the Red Sea proper are:
Eastern shore:
Western shore:
The Gulf of Suez is entirely bordered by Egypt. The Gulf of Aqaba borders Egypt, Israel, Jordan and Saudi Arabia.
In addition to the standard geographical definition of the six countries bordering the Red Sea cited above, areas such as Somalia and Ethiopia are sometimes also described as Red Sea territories. This is primarily due to their proximity to and geological similarities with the nations facing the Red Sea and/or political ties with said areas.
Towns and cities on the Red Sea coast (including the coasts of the Gulfs of Aqaba and Suez) include:
Al Hudaydah (الحديدة)
Al Lith (الليِّث)
Al Qunfudhah (القنفذة)
Al-Qusair (القصير)
Al Wajh (الوجه)
Aqaba (العقبة)
Asseb (ዓሳብ)
Dahab (دهب)
Duba (ضباء)
Eilat (אילת)
El Gouna (الجونة)
El Suweis (السويس)
/ Hala''ib (حلايب) (disputed)
Haql (حقل)
Hirgigo (ሕርጊጎ)
Hurghada (الغردقة)
Jeddah (جدة)
Jazan (جازان)
Marsa Alam (مرسى علم)
Massawa (ምጽዋ)
Nuweiba (نويبع)
Port Safaga (ميناء سفاجا)
Port Sudan (بورت سودان)
Rabigh (رابغ)
Sharm el Sheikh (شرم الشيخ)
Soma Bay (سوما باي)
Suakin (سواكن)
Taba (طابا)
Thuwal (ثول)
Yanbu (ينبع)
Tags:Aden, Africa, African, Alam, Albuquerque, Alexander the Great, Arabia, Arabic, Asia, Augustus, Bab, British, China, Darius the Great, Dariush, Dariush the Great, Djibouti, Egypt, Egyptian, Eilat, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Europe, France, French, Greek, Gulf of Aden, Hebrew, Herodotus, India, Indian Ocean, Islamic, Israel, Jordan, Mars, Mecca, Medina, Mediterranean, Mediterranean Sea, Middle Ages, Napoleon, Nile, Persia, Persian, Persian Gulf, Portugal, Quartz, Red Sea, Riviera, Roman, Rome, Rumi, Saudi, Saudi Arabia, Second World War, Sharm el-Sheikh, Sheikh, Somalia, Sudan, Suez, Suez Canal, Syria, Wikipedia, Yemen
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What is the Purpose of a Medial Branch Block Injection?
When it comes to neck or back pain that is chronic, medial branch block injections serve two different purposes in pain management. On the first hand, medial branch blocks work great as a diagnostic tool. With back or neck pain, it can be difficult to delineate which level of the spine is generating an individual's pain.
The reason is that the facet joints of the spine are small, about the size of a thumbnail. There is one on each side of the spine at every level, and if arthritis is present in one, it is probably present in multiple.
The Las Vegas Pain Management Doctor will begin to figure out which level is the pain generator with a history and physical and imaging studies. The medial branch block can help finalize the diagnosis of where the problem actually lies.
Cervical facet joints are located at every spinal level of the neck on each side.
The second purpose of the medial branch block is for therapeutic reasons. When the pain doctor places numbing medicine around the painful joints near the area where the medial branches come into the joint, pain relief can be dramatic.
Arthritic joints have a nerve supply, and if that is blocked with the injection, pain relief may be substantial and may be sustained four months.
In fact, a large study on medial branch block injections showed that the average amount of pain relief with numbing medicine and steroid over these joints was three months. (Manchikanti et al, Pain Physician. 2010 Sep-Oct;13(5):437-50.
It is unclear whether steroid medication is necessary to be injected for longer pain relief.
You can see the medial branch nerve ending coming off the nerve root to supply the facet joint with sensation.
If the medial branch injection wears off, it may need to be repeated or the patient may go on to have a radiofrequency ablation procedure. This may provide up to 18 months of substantial pain relief and has been a revolutionary procedure.
In order to approve the radiofrequency procedure, insurance companies like to see between a 50 and 80% pain relief from the medial branch block injections done prior.
Thankfully, procedures such as medial branch block injections are available when facet arthritis is present. Surgery for facet arthritis is usually a bad idea, since the arthritis usually affects multiple levels. This is very different than a hip or knee, and also there is no current joint replacement procedure available for facet joints.
If you live in the Las Vegas or Henderson areas and are suffering from chronic back or neck pain, effective pain management is available. The Nevada Pain Network connects those in pain with the best pain management Las Vegas and Henderson trust. Simply complete the form on the page or call (702) 323-0553 for assistance today!


April 04, 2015. By Michelle Baltazar. AF April 30.
Sydney-based designer Leonardo Salinas combines new world glamour and old world decadence in his solo show next week titled 'Concept Woman'.
Sydney-based designer Leonardo Salinas is only a week away from unveiling his latest collection titled 'Concept Woman' in Sydney to kickstart the beginning of Australian Fashion Week 2015.
The runway event, which aims to relaunch the LEONARDO SALINAS brand, will be held on Sunday 12th April at Australian Technology Park, Eveleigh.
Salinas has previously showcased his collection in a group show at the 2008 Rosemount Australian Fashion Week and a solo show in his home country, the Philippines, in 2009.
However, his latest collection marks his first ever solo Australian show.
Following his passion for haute couture designs, his supporters can expect both high-end evening gowns and cocktail dresses.
"Every piece in the collection embraces traditional elements, femininity and old world decadence," he said in a press statement.
There is a story behind the show and behind the title.
"I chose the title 'Concept Woman' because I want this to be a celebration and tribute to women."
He said the collection will incorporate classical silhouettes, custom pieces and celebrations of female allure. It will showcase the return of quality dressing that empowers the wearer, rather than the viewer.
More than 450 guests are expected to attend and will include Salinas' clients, fashion bloggers, industry representatives, local media, photographers and local buyers.
Raffles College of Design and Commerce, Chadwick Models and Socraft Textiles are among the show's supporters.
PHOTO CREDIT: Felix Kwan Photography and Make-up by Margarett de Guzman.


text:
Robots that can teach kids coding launched at BETT MEA
Published Tuesday, April 24, 2018
ATLAB, a technology-based learning solutions company has announced the launch of robots that can help train children to code at the ongoing BETT Middle East and Africa (MEA) in Abu Dhabi.
The tiny can sized robot is a simple intuitive plug and learn educational robot that helps K-2 children learn coding, mathematics, language, and music through its TagTile programming language.
"The significant feature of KUBO is that it helps pre-school and primary school children learn the essential skills of coding in a screenless, tangible environment. At ATLAB, our goal is to equip educational institutions with latest technological solutions and ensure that the students are prepared to take on the challenges of the next generation," says Nilesh Korgaonkar, General Manager, ATLAB.
KUBO is a product developed by Denmark based Tommy Otzen and Daniel Lindegaard the co-founders of KUBO Robotics. The product had a successful crowdfunding campaign in 2017 on Indiegogo.
KUBO Robotics was also recently awarded the Startup Company of the year award at Global Educational Supplies and Solutions exhibition (GESS) in Dubai.
"We developed KUBO and the TagTile system in close collaboration with educators every step of the way. The idea was to create something intuitive, hands on and fun and we have managed to do that," says Otzen, who is also the CEO of KUBO robotics.
The partnership with Kubo Robotics will enable Atlab to exclusively distribute all Kubo products across the region. "The regional partnership to market KUBO is aimed at bringing the latest solutions to our classrooms. While it is imperative to train our kids to code, it is equally important to teach them when they are young," adds Korgaonkar.
According to a recent research report the global educational robot market is expected to grow by 16.80 percent annually during the next five years.
The report titled "Educational Robot Market: Global Forecast until 2023" by Report Linker points out that the market segment is estimated to grow from AED2.85 billion (USD 778.60 million) in 2018 to AED6.20 billion (USD $1689.20 million) by 2023.
The two-day annual event focusing on the future of education and its transformation started today at Abu Dhabi with participation from about 50 countries.
Atlab meanwhile has also announced that it is offering a 25 percent discount on LEGO Education and K-12 products for visitors to the BETT event in Abu Dhabi.
"Our idea of offering such a discount is to encourage parents and institutions to invest in these technological solutions," says Arun Nair, Head of Marketing at Centena group, the parent company of ATLAB.
Having launched the ATLAB Teach Assist, the region's first robotic teaching assistants, the company has now ventured into developing custom applications dedicated to humanoid robots.


Dan's joined by Sheryl and his parents to try a 3 beers brought back from the trip to BBC and the Northwest back to the Old LOT Compound.
Note: This episode was recorded in mid-September. Sorry for the late post…we have a few more in the can coming!