text:
//filter will reemit the data if cb(err,pass) pass is truthy

// reduce is more tricky
// maybe we want to group the reductions or emit progress updates occasionally
// the most basic reduce just emits one 'data' event after it has recieved 'end'

var Stream = require('stream').Stream
  , es = exports
  , through = require('through')
  , from = require('from')
  , duplex = require('duplexer')
  , map = require('map-stream')
  , pause = require('pause-stream')
  ,  split = require('split')

es.Stream = Stream //re-export Stream from core
es.through = through
es.from = from
es.duplex = duplex
es.map = map
es.pause = pause
es.split = split

// merge / concat
//
// combine multiple streams into a single stream.
// will emit end only once

es.concat = //actually this should be called concat
es.merge = function (/*streams...*/) {
  var toMerge = [].slice.call(arguments)
  var stream = new Stream()
  var endCount = 0
  stream.writable = stream.readable = true

  toMerge.forEach(function (e) {
    e.pipe(stream, {end: false})
    var ended = false
    e.on('end', function () {
      if(ended) return
      ended = true
      endCount ++
      if(endCount == toMerge.length)
        stream.emit('end')
    })
  })
  stream.write = function (data) {
    this.emit('data', data)
  }
  stream.destroy = function () {
    merge.forEach(function (e) {
      if(e.destroy) e.destroy()
    })
  }
  return stream
}

// writable stream, collects all events into an array
// and calls back when 'end' occurs
// mainly I'm using this to test the other functions

es.writeArray = function (done) {
  if ('function' !== typeof done)
    throw new Error('function writeArray (done): done must be function')

  var a = new Stream ()
    , array = [], isDone = false
  a.write = function (l) {
    array.push(l)
  }
  a.end = function () {
    isDone = true
    done(null, array)
  }
  a.writable = true
  a.readable = false
  a.destroy = function () {
    a.writable = a.readable = false
    if(isDone) return
    done(new Error('destroyed before end'), array)
  }
  return a
}

//return a Stream that reads the properties of an object
//respecting pause() and resume()

es.readArray = function (array) {
  var stream = new Stream()
    , i = 0
    , paused = false
    , ended = false

  stream.readable = true
  stream.writable = false

  if(!Array.isArray(array))
    throw new Error('event-stream.read expects an array')

  stream.resume = function () {
    if(ended) return
    paused = false
    var l = array.length
    while(i < l && !paused && !ended) {
      stream.emit('data', array[i++])
    }
    if(i == l && !ended)
      ended = true, stream.readable = false, stream.emit('end')
  }
  process.nextTick(stream.resume)
  stream.pause = function () {
     paused = true
  }
  stream.destroy = function () {
    ended = true
    stream.emit('close')
  }
  return stream
}

//
// readable (asyncFunction)
// return a stream that calls an async function while the stream is not paused.
//
// the function must take: (count, callback) {...
//

es.readable = function (func, continueOnError) {
  var stream = new Stream()
    , i = 0
    , paused = false
    , ended = false
    , reading = false

  stream.readable = true
  stream.writable = false

  if('function' !== typeof func)
    throw new Error('event-stream.readable expects async function')

  stream.on('end', function () { ended = true })

  function get (err, data) {

    if(err) {
      stream.emit('error', err)
      if(!continueOnError) stream.emit('end')
    } else if (arguments.length > 1)
      stream.emit('data', data)

    process.nextTick(function () {
      if(ended || paused || reading) return
      try {
        reading = true
        func.call(stream, i++, function () {
          reading = false
          get.apply(null, arguments)
        })
      } catch (err) {
        stream.emit('error', err)
      }
    })
  }
  stream.resume = function () {
    paused = false
    get()
  }
  process.nextTick(get)
  stream.pause = function () {
     paused = true
  }
  stream.destroy = function () {
    stream.emit('end')
    stream.emit('close')
    ended = true
  }
  return stream
}

//
// map sync
//

es.mapSync = function (sync) {
  return es.through(function write(data) {
    var mappedData = sync(data)
    if (typeof mappedData !== 'undefined')
      this.emit('data', mappedData)
  })
}

//
// log just print out what is coming through the stream, for debugging
//

es.log = function (name) {
  return es.through(function (data) {
    var args = [].slice.call(arguments)
    if(name) console.error(name, data)
    else     console.error(data)
    this.emit('data', data)
  })
}

//
// combine multiple streams together so that they act as a single stream
//
es.pipeline =
es.pipe = es.connect = function () {

  var streams = [].slice.call(arguments)
    , first = streams[0]
    , last = streams[streams.length - 1]
    , thepipe = es.duplex(first, last)

  if(streams.length == 1)
    return streams[0]
  else if (!streams.length)
    throw new Error('connect called with empty args')

  //pipe all the streams together

  function recurse (streams) {
    if(streams.length < 2)
      return
    streams[0].pipe(streams[1])
    recurse(streams.slice(1))
  }

  recurse(streams)

  function onerror () {
    var args = [].slice.call(arguments)
    args.unshift('error')
    thepipe.emit.apply(thepipe, args)
  }

  //es.duplex already reemits the error from the first and last stream.
  //add a listener for the inner streams in the pipeline.
  for(var i = 1; i < streams.length - 1; i ++)
    streams[i].on('error', onerror)

  return thepipe
}

//
// child -- pipe through a child process
//

es.child = function (child) {

  return es.duplex(child.stdin, child.stdout)

}

//
// parse
//
// must be used after es.split() to ensure that each chunk represents a line
// source.pipe(es.split()).pipe(es.parse())

es.parse = function () {
  return es.through(function (data) {
    var obj
    try {
      if(data) //ignore empty lines
        obj = JSON.parse(data.toString())
    } catch (err) {
      return console.error(err, 'attemping to parse:', data)
    }
    //ignore lines that where only whitespace.
    if(obj !== undefined)
      this.emit('data', obj)
  })
}
//
// stringify
//

es.stringify = function () {
  var Buffer = require('buffer').Buffer
  return es.mapSync(function (e){
    return JSON.stringify(Buffer.isBuffer(e) ? e.toString() : e) + '\n'
  })
}

//
// replace a string within a stream.
//
// warn: just concatenates the string and then does str.split().join().
// probably not optimal.
// for smallish responses, who cares?
// I need this for shadow-npm so it's only relatively small json files.

es.replace = function (from, to) {
  return es.pipeline(es.split(from), es.join(to))
}

//
// join chunks with a joiner. just like Array#join
// also accepts a callback that is passed the chunks appended together
// this is still supported for legacy reasons.
//

es.join = function (str) {

  //legacy api
  if('function' === typeof str)
    return es.wait(str)

  var first = true
  return es.through(function (data) {
    if(!first)
      this.emit('data', str)
    first = false
    this.emit('data', data)
    return true
  })
}

//
// wait. callback when 'end' is emitted, with all chunks appended as string.
//

es.wait = function (callback) {
  var body = ''
  return es.through(function (data) { body += data },
    function () {
      this.emit('data', body)
      this.emit('end')
      if(callback) callback(null, body)
    })
}

es.pipeable = function () {
  throw new Error('[EVENT-STREAM] es.pipeable is deprecated')
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


HKIOSW - The Hong Kong Institute of Swiss Watchmaking Ltd.
The Hong Kong Institute of Swiss Watchmaking creates a healthy learning atmosphere, with modest 6 to 1 students to teacher ratio. This provides our students with sufficient learning resources to equip them with knowledge and extensive practical experience throughout our 3000 Hours Watchmaking Program.


text:
Online shop terms and conditions of 01.01.2023r
Little Birds Diapers Online Shop Terms and Conditions
determining i.a. terms of concluding contracts through the Shop, containing the most important information about the Seller, the Shop and Consumer rights.
Section 1 Definitions
Section 2 Seller's contact details
Section 3 Technical requirements
Section 4 Purchasing at the Shop
Section 5 Payments
Section 6 Performing orders
Section 7 Right of withdrawal
Section 8 Exceptions from the right of withdrawal
Section 9 Complaints
Section 10 Personal data
Section 11 Restrictions
Appendix 1: Model withdrawal form
Account – a free-of-charge function of the Shop (online service), regulated by separate terms and conditions, which allows the Buyer to register his/her own individual account at the Shop.
Act on Consumer Rights - Polish Act of 30 May 2014 on Consumer Rights.
Business days – Monday through Friday with the exception of public holidays in Poland.
Buyer – any entity making a purchase at the Shop whose habitual residence is in the European Union.
Consumer – any Buyer who is a natural person making a purchase at the Shop for purposes which are outside that person's trade, business, craft or profession.
Seller – GRZEGORZ KAPICA, an entrepreneur conducting a business activity under the business name KATAL GRZEGORZ KAPICA, entered into the Central Register and Information on Business Activity conducted by the minister competent for economy and maintaining the Central Register and Information on Business Activity, European Union VAT Identification Number PL1231136562, REGON no. 369236515, ul. Bankowa 1/6, 05-600 Grójec, Poland.
Shop – Little Birds Diapers online shop maintained by the Seller at the address https://littlebirdsdiapers.com directed to Buyers.
Terms and Conditions – these Terms and Conditions.
Postal address: ul. Bankowa 1/6, 05-600 Grójec, Poland
E-mail address: office@littlebirdsdiapers.com
The basic tariff of the telecommunications operator used by the Buyer applies to phone calls made by the Buyer. The Seller points out that the cost of non-domestic calls may be higher than the cost of domestic calls – depending on the tariff adopted by the Buyer's operator.
A device with Internet access and web browser supporting:
is required for the proper functioning of the Shop.
An active e-mail account is required to place an order at the Shop, in addition to the requirements specified in paragraph 1.
The prices of the products displayed at the Shop are the total prices.
The total price displayed at the Shop includes: price of the product and delivery cost – if applicable.
The Buyer first adds the chosen product to the Shop cart.
Then the Buyer chooses the means of delivery and payment available at the Shop and also provides any data necessary for the performing of the order.
The order is placed when the Buyer confirms its content and accepts the Terms and Conditions.
Placing the order is tantamount to conclusion of the contract between the Buyer and the Seller.
The Buyer can register at the Shop, that is, set up an Account at the Shop or purchase products without registration by providing his/her data for each potential order.
Subject to paragraph 2, the following means of payment are available at the Shop:
a regular transfer to the Seller's bank account;
payment card:
payment platform:
Additional information about the means of payment can be found at the relevant tab at the Shop, including information about the possibility of using specific means depending on the Buyer's country.
In the case of paying via the Blue Media payment platform, the provider of the online payment services is Blue Media S.A.
In case the Buyer chooses to pay for the order in advance, the payment should be made within 3 Business days from the date of concluding the contract.
The Seller declares that in the case of payment methods in which the field for entering the data necessary for processing the payment appears immediately after placing the order, payment is possible only immediately after placing the order.
By making a purchase at the Shop, the Buyer accepts the use of electronic invoices by the Seller. The Buyer has the right to withdraw his/her consent.
The time for order fulfilment is specified at the Shop.
If the Buyer chooses to pay for the order in advance, the Seller will commence fulfilment of the order after having received the payment.
If multiple products are ordered by the Buyer in one order, the order will be performed in the time corresponding to the product with the longest time for order fulfilment.
The goods purchased at the Shop can be delivered to the following countries:
Belgium,
Croatia,
Cyprus,
Denmark,
Finland,
Greece,
Ireland,
Lithuania,
Latvia,
Luxembourg,
Germany,
Portugal,
Sweden,
Hungary,
Products purchased at the Shop are delivered, depending on the mean of delivery chosen by the Buyer:
via a delivery company,
via Poczta Polska,
via ORLEN Paczka,
via Paczkomaty InPost.
Section 7 RIGHT OF WITHDRAWAL FROM THE CONTRACT
A Consumer has the right to withdraw from the contract within 14 days without giving any reason, subject to section 8 of the Terms and Conditions.
The withdrawal period will expire after 14 days from the day:
on which the Consumer acquires, or a third party other than the carrier and indicated by the Consumer acquires physical possession of the goods – in the case of a sales contract;
on which the Consumer took possession of the last good, batch or part thereof, or from the day on which a third party other than the carrier, and indicated by the Consumer, took possession of the last good, batch or part thereof - in the event of a contract requiring a transfer of the ownership rights to numerous goods which are delivered individually, in batches or in parts.
To exercise the right of withdrawal, Consumer must inform the Seller, using the data specified in section 2 of the Terms and Conditions, of his/her decision to withdraw from the contract by an unequivocal statement (e.g. a letter sent by post or e-mail).
The Consumer may use the attached model withdrawal form, however it is not obligatory.
To meet the withdrawal deadline, it is sufficient for the Consumer to send his/her communication concerning his/her exercise of the right of withdrawal before the withdrawal period has expired.
Effects of withdrawal
If the Consumer withdraws from the contract, the Consumer will be reimbursed all payments received from him/her, including the costs of delivery (with the exception of the supplementary costs resulting from the Consumer choice of a type of delivery other than the least expensive type of standard delivery offered by the Seller), without undue delay and in any event not later than 14 days from the day on which the Seller is informed about the Consumer's decision to withdraw from the contract.
The Seller will carry out such reimbursement using the same means of payment as the Consumer used for the initial transaction, unless the Consumer has expressly agreed otherwise; in any event, the Consumer will not incur any fees as a result of such reimbursement.
If the Seller did not offer to collect the goods from the Consumer by itself, the Seller may withhold reimbursement until the Seller has received the goods back or the Consumer has supplied evidence of having sent back the goods, whichever is the earliest.
The Consumer shall send the goods back or hand them over to the Seller to the following address: ul. Bankowa 1/6, 05-600 Grójec, Poland without undue delay and in any event not later than 14 days from the day on which the Consumer communicates his/her withdrawal from the contract to the Seller. The deadline is met if the Consumer sends back the goods before the period of 14 days has expired.
The Consumer will bear the direct cost of returning the goods.
The Consumer is only liable for any diminished value of the goods resulting from the handling other than what is necessary to establish the nature, characteristics and functioning of the good.
If the goods, by their nature, cannot normally be returned by post, the Consumer will have to bear the direct cost of returning the goods as well. The Consumer will be given the information about estimated cost in the description of the good at the Shop or during the process of placing the order.
If the funds from a transaction made by a payment card have to be returned, the Seller will make the refund to the bank account assigned to that payment card.
The Consumer does not have the right of withdrawal from a distance contract in the case of the following contracts:
for the supply of goods made to the Consumer's specifications or clearly personalised;
for the supply of goods which are liable to deteriorate or expire rapidly;
for the supply of sealed goods which are not suitable for return due to health protection or hygiene reasons and were unsealed after delivery;
for the supply of goods which are, after delivery, according to their nature, inseparably mixed with other items;
for the supply of sealed audio or sealed video recordings or sealed computer software which were unsealed after delivery;
for the supply of a newspaper, periodical or magazine with the exception of subscription contracts for the supply of such publications;
for the supply of goods or services for which the price is dependent on fluctuations in the financial market which cannot be controlled by the Seller and which may occur within the withdrawal period.
I GENERAL PROVISIONS
The Seller is liable to the Consumer for the conformity of the performance with the contract, according to the generally applicable provisions of law – without prejudice to section 11(3) and 11(4) - in particular to the provisions of the Act on Consumer Rights, in which Consumers' complaints referred to in this section are regulated.
The Seller requests that complaints be addressed to the postal address or e-mail address specified in section 2 of the Terms and Conditions.
If any additional guarantee was provided for the product, the information about it and about its conditions is available at the Shop.
Complaints concerning the functioning of the Shop should be reported electronically to the e-mail address specified in section 2 of the Terms and Conditions.
Unless otherwise specified in this section (regarding complaints), the Seller will review the complaint within the period of 14 days – subject to section 11(3) and 11(4) of the Terms and Conditions.
II CONSUMERS
The Seller is liable to the Consumer for any lack of conformity of the goods with the contract, which exists at the time when the goods were delivered and which becomes apparent within two years of that time - subject to section 11(3) and 11(4) of the Terms and Conditions.
In the case of a lack of conformity of the good with the contract, the Consumer can - on the principles laid down in the Act on Consumer Rights:
demand a replacement;
demand a repair.
In addition, the Consumer may - on the principles laid down in the Act on Consumer Rights:
make a statement to the Seller expressing the decision to withdraw from the contract;
claim a price reduction
in a situation when:
the Seller has failed to bring the goods into conformity with the contract in accordance with Article 43d(4) to (6) of the Act on Consumer Rights or the Seller has refused to bring the goods into conformity with the contract in accordance with Article 43d(2) of the Act on Consumer Rights;
a lack of conformity with the contract appears despite the Seller having attempted to bring the goods into conformity;
the lack of conformity of the goods with the contract is significant enough to justify either a reduction in price or withdrawal from the contract without prior recourse to the remedies set out in the Article 43d of the Act on Consumer Rights; or
the Seller has declared, or it is clear from the circumstances, that the Seller will not bring the goods into conformity with the contract within a reasonable time, or without significant inconvenience for the Consumer.
The Consumer shall not be entitled to withdraw from the contract on the basis of this section (regarding goods) if the lack of conformity of the goods with the contract is only minor.
Where the lack of conformity of the goods with the contract is to be remedied by repair or replacement of the goods, the Consumer shall make the goods available to the Seller. The Seller shall take back the replaced goods at the Seller's expense.
In the event of withdrawal from the contract for the purchase of goods by the Consumer, the Consumer shall return the goods to the Seller without undue delay at Seller's expense, to the address ul. Bankowa 1/6, 05-600 Grójec, Poland. The Seller shall reimburse to the Consumer the price paid for the goods without undue delay, but not later than within 14 days of receipt of goods or evidence provided by the Consumer of having sent back the goods - subject to section 11(3) and 11(4) of the Terms and Conditions.
The Seller shall reimburse to the Consumer the amounts due as a result of exercising the right to price reduction without undue delay, but not later than within 14 days from the day on which the Consumer communicates his/her price reduction claim to the Seller - subject to section 11(3) and 11(4) of the Terms and Conditions.
Out-of-court complaint and redress mechanism
In case where the complaint procedure fails to bring the expected results, the Consumer may use, i.a.:
assistance of competent European Consumer Centre of the EEC-Net. Centres provide Consumers with information about their rights and assist in solving individual problems with cross border transactions. The assistance of Consumer Centres is free of charge by default. A list of Consumer Centres competent for each country can be found at: https://konsument.gov.pl/eck-w-europie/;
Online Dispute Resolution (ODR) developed by the European Commission, available at: https://ec.europa.eu/consumers/odr/main/index.cfm?event=main.home2.show&lng=EN.
Furthermore, the following support options are available in the Republic of Poland:
mediations conducted by the locally competent Regional Trade Inspector, to whom an application for mediation should be directed. The proceedings are free-of-charge by default. A list of Inspectorates can be found at: https://uokik.gov.pl/wojewodzkie_inspektoraty_inspekcji_handlowej.php;
assistance of the locally competent permanent Consumer court of arbitration operating with the Regional Trade Inspector, where an application for a review before the arbitration court should be submitted. The proceedings are free-of-charge by default. The list of courts is available at the following address: https://uokik.gov.pl/stale_sady_polubowne.php;
free-of-charge assistance of the municipal or poviat consumer advocate.
III BUYERS WHO ARE NOT CONSUMERS
In the case of defects in the good the Buyer who is not a Consumer can complain about defective good:
requesting a price reduction;
exercising the right of withdrawal from the contract, if the defect is substantial;
demanding an exchange of the good for a good free from defects;
demanding that the defect be removed.
The Seller is responsible for any defect which becomes apparent within 2 years from the date of delivery.
If the delivery of the good is necessary for the examination of a complaint, the Buyer who is not a Consumer is obliged to hand this good over to the Seller, at ul. Bankowa 1/6, 05-600 Grójec, Poland.
Controller of personal data provided by the Buyer when using the Shop is the Seller. Detailed information on the processing of personal data by the Seller – including other purposes and grounds for data processing, as well as on data recipients – can be found in the Privacy Policy available in the Shop – due to the principle of transparency contained in the General Data Protection Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on data protection – "GDPR".
The objective of processing Buyer's data by the Seller provided by the Buyer in relation to shopping in the Shop is to fulfil orders. The basis for processing personal data in this case is:
a contract or actions taken at the request of the Buyer in order to conclude the contract (point (b) of Article 6(1) of the GDPR),
the Seller's legal obligation related to accounting (point (c) of Article 6(1) of the GDPR), and
the Seller's legitimate interest consisting in processing data in order to determine, exercise or defend any possible claims (point (f) of Article 6(1) of the GDPR).
The provision of data by the Buyer is voluntary, but at the same time necessary to conclude the contract. Failure to provide such data will make it impossible to conclude the contract in the Shop.
The Buyer's data provided in connection with shopping in the Shop will be processed until:
the contract concluded by and between the Buyer and the Seller expires;
the Seller ceases to be bound by the legal obligation that obligates the Seller to process Buyer's data;
the Buyer or the Seller ceases to be able to exercise claims related to the contract concluded by the Shop;
the Buyer's objection to the processing of his/her personal data is accepted – if the processing was based on the legitimate interest of the Seller
– depending on what is applicable in a given case and what happens latest.
The Buyer has the right to request:
access to his/her personal data,
their rectification,
their deletion,
restriction of processing,
transfer of data to another controller
and the right to:
object to processing of data at any time on grounds relating to a specific situation of the Buyer – to processing of personal data concerning the data subject, based on point (f) of Article 6(1) of the GDPR (i.e. on legitimate interests pursued by the Seller).
In order to exercise his/her rights, the Buyer should contact the Seller using data indicated in section 2 of the Terms and Conditions.
If the Buyer considers that his/her data is processed illegally, the Buyer may lodge a complaint with an authority competent for personal data protection.
The Buyer is forbidden to provide content of illegal nature.
Each order placed at the Shop requires conclusion of a separate contract and separate acceptance of the Terms and Conditions. The contract is concluded for the time and for the purpose of order fulfilment.
All contracts concluded under these Terms and Conditions are subject to the provisions of Polish law, subject to paragraph 4.
The choice of Polish law as governing law for contracts concluded with Consumers under the Terms and Conditions does not revoke or limit the rights of Consumers which they can exercise pursuant to the applicable mandatory provisions of law, applicable to the Consumer in cases where the choice of law does not take place, pursuant to Regulation (EC) of the European Parliament and of the Council No 593/2008 of 17 June 2008 on the law applicable to contractual obligations (Rome I). This means in particular that if national provisions applicable to a certain Consumer provide for wider protection than that resulting from these Terms and Conditions or the Polish law – this wider protection shall be applied.
The contracts concluded through the Shop are concluded in English.
No regulation of the present Terms and Conditions waives or restricts in any way the applicable Consumer rights imposed by the provisions of law.
A natural person concluding a contract directly related to his/her economic activity shall be treated as a Consumer and has the same rights as Consumers, when the content of such contract implies it is not of professional nature for this person. The previous sentence does not apply to the provisions specified in section 9, in the sub-section "Out-of-court complaint and redress mechanism", and the provisions of paragraph 4.
Any dispute arising between the Seller and the Buyer who is not a Consumer will be submitted to the court competent for the Seller's registered office.
Appendix 1. to Terms and Conditions
What follows is a model withdrawal form from the contract which the Consumer may (but does not have to) use.
(complete and return this form only if you wish to withdraw from the contract)
KATAL GRZEGORZ KAPICA
ul. Bankowa 1/6, 05-600 Grójec, Poland
e-mail: office@littlebirdsdiapers.com
- I/We (*) ..................................................................... hereby give notice that I/We (*) withdraw from my/our (*) contract of sale of the following goods (*)/for the provision of the following service (*):
..............................................................................................................................................................................
– Ordered on(*)/received on(*)
– Name of Consumer(s):
– Address of Consumer(s):
Signature of Consumer(s)
(only if this form is notified on paper)
Date ............................................
(*) Delete as appropriate.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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text:
Maker's Section
Windmillers' Gazette Bookstore
Windmillers' Gazette Complete Collector's Set
Quarterly Newsletter of Water Pumping Windmills and Wind Power History.
Category: Issue Archive
XXIV, No. 4 (Autumn 2005)
"The Story of the Wolcott Patent Windmills." All Back Issues Available by Mail Order for $5.00 Each
XXIV, No. 3 (Summer 2005)
"Windmill Company Letterhead Stationery—Part 2;" "Water-Pumping Windmills at Resorts." All Back Issues Available by Mail Order for $5.00 Each
XXIV, No. 2 (Spring 2005)
"Windmill Company Letterhead Stationery—Part 1;" "The Fairbanks Steel Windmill." All Back Issues Available by Mail Order for $5.00 Each
XXIV, No. 1 (Winter 2005)
"Chapman's American Advance and Turbine Windmills from the American Well Works;" review of Windmill Tales: Stories from the American Wind Power Center; "The Harvell Windmill Story," by Harold K. Harvell. All Back Issues Available...
XXIII, No. 4 (Autumn 2004)
"B.H. 'Tex' Burdick, Sr. (1900-2004);" "A Close Look at the Challenge 27 Windmill." All Back Issues Available by Mail Order for $5.00 Each
XXIII, No. 3 (Summer 2004)
"The End of the 'Era of Thirst' on Western Ranches," by J. Frank Dobie; "Thousands Invested in Windmills: A Journalist's View in 1929;" "The Eclipse and Star Windmill Controversy on the XIT Ranch of...
XXIII, No. 2 (Spring 2004)
"Andrew J. Corcoran: Maker of America's Premiere Wooden-Wheel Windmills;" review of Wind Power: Renewable Energy for Home, Farm, and Business. All Back Issues Available by Mail Order for $5.00 Each
XXIII, No. 1 (Winter 2004)
"The Fairbury Mini-Mill: The Last of the Fairbury Windmills;" "Victorian Trade Cards Issued by Windmill Companies;" "Georges Darrieus and the 'Egg-Beater' Vertical-Axis Wind Turbines," by Etienne Rogier. All Back Issues Available by Mail...
XXII, No. 4 (Autumn 2003)
"'Every Farmer His Own Miller:' The Use of Power Windmills;" "What a Power Aermotor Does and Does Not Do;" review of Wind Power in View: Energy Landscapes in a Crowded World. All Back Issues...
XXII, No. 3 (Summer 2003)
"A Product History of Windmills from the Butler Company, Butler, Indiana;" "Butler Windmills in a Windstorm." All Back Issues Available by Mail Order for $5.00 Each
Select Year 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1988 1987 1986 1985 1984 1983 1982 1980
Brief History of Windmills in the New World
XXXIX, No. 4 (Autumn 2020)
XXXIX, No. 3 (Summer 2020)
XXXIX, No. 2 (Spring 2020)
XXXIX, No. 1 (Winter 2020)
XXXVIII, No. 4 (Autumn 2019)
XX, No. 3 (Summer 2001)
XXV, No. 4 (Autumn 2006)
XXVI, No. 1 (Winter 2007)
XXVI, No. 2 (Spring 2007)
XXVI, No. 3 (Summer 2007)


Laconic, lost in memory but focused, Stanton slowly opens up to filmmaker-interviewer Sophie Huber.
It adds up to an unexpectedly moving portrait of a maverick at twilight.
As he does in his roles, Stanton opens himself up to the camera in a way that has the indelible stamp of truth, an almost fragile sense of honesty.
Harry Dean Stanton is a marvelous actor and, at least from a visual standpoint, a marvelous camera subject. He's not much of a talker, though.
At the film's heart is a fitful conversation that unfolds like a string of koans, epigrams, jokes and silences. And songs.
Huber responds to Stanton's languid opacity in ways both inspired... and insipid.
Singing, smoking and keeping himself to himself, Harry Dean Stanton's quiet enigma suggests a restless sense of perpetual escape and loneliness.
Stanton isn't interested in giving away the details of his life and career, and no one's going to lure them out of him.
A different kind of documentary for a different kind of guy.
The artist and the art are inseparable. Stanton is a man content in the "nothing" he's carved out for himself.
A unique tribute to a unique artist.
Refreshingly stylish and enigmatic. It brings out Harry Dean Stanton's warmth, humility and sense of humor.
Impressionistic pastiche of the career of cult character actor Harry Dean Stanton (PARIS, TEXAS; REPO MAN), with terse interviews, conversations with collaborators like David Lynch and Kris Kristofferson, film clips, and lots of folksinging from Stanton (whose voice is just OK). Stanton cultivates a mystical persona and prefers to give vague, Zen-like answers to questions, so the film struggles mightily to build a portrait of the real man behind the image. The ratio of insight to folk songs is unfavorable.
Legendary character actor, Harry Dean Stanton, is not the most obvious choice of subject for a documentary. Most often stoic, even in his seemingly endless film appearances, his lack of any sort of outgoing personality wouldn't seem to make for a compelling movie. The opposite, however, is true. Hauntingly shot by the great cinematographer, Seamus McGarvey (ATONEMENT, ANNA KARENINA, THE HOURS) and intimately directed by Sophie Huber, HARRY DEAN STANTON: PARTLY FICTION is a look at a famous person who refuses to be a fame whore. A great companion piece to GOOD OL' FRIEDA, about the Beatles' secretary, who refused to sell out, here's a deceptively simple doc about a man who reveals so much by revealing so little. NEBRASKA also comes to mind here, as both seem to be studies in elderly people who mourn the loss of a world where restraint was a virtue. Kinda puts every sass-talking, finger-wagging reality star to shame, no? At age 87, Stanton may be old, but he's never really changed. He merely grew into the face he's always had, and he's remained the man he's always aspired towards. Virtually free of ego, when asked how he wants to be remembered, he tellingly replies, "Doesn't matter". Instead, Stanton reveals himself through the many haunting folk songs he sings in the film. In startlingly beautiful close-up, sometimes passionately playing harmonica, Huber proves that a picture truly is worth a thousand words. More expressionistic portrait than true documentary, the film interweaves scenes from his long career with his singing and with interviews/conversations with his collaborators, such as David Lynch, Wim Wenders, and others. Try as they may to get him to open up, Stanton remains true to himself - genial, reserved and keenly aware that his life story is written all over his face. Sure, this is fairly thin, slow, and lacking in any real incident, but it's kind of the point. Side Note: I had the honor of working with Harry Dean Stanton many years ago on a small indie called TWISTER (not the Helen Hunt/Bill Paxton blockbuster). I was the Production Accountant and my interactions with him with limited to "Here's your per diem, sir". His response, "Thank you." I think he spoke with me more than he did with the director!
A fascinating documentary based on one of the longest running actors around; Harry Dean Stanton. While giving information on his famous acting career, the real focus in this feature is his lesser known career as a country singer. And he's a very good one indeed. The film talks of how most of how most of his songs reflect certain aspects of his life and you can really see and hear the emotion as he sings each lyric. I also admire how they point out one of Stanton's specialities, as an actor, of how he doesn't think on his lines and pretty much presents them so naturally that they don't feel scripted. As a fan of Harry Dean Stanton, I went to see it during the Sensoria Film Festival weekend, and I more than appreciated it. Even if you don't know very much on Stanton, this documentary is still worth a try if you want to learn more on this superb musician/actor.
While this may not be the most substantial documentary going, it is also a pretty good time spent in the company of the cult character actor and that has to be worth something. Luckily, the documentary is able to get a few facts out of Stanton who is very reluctant to talk about his personal life(there are a few clues from the snapshots seen on his wall), again proving how lively David Lynch can make any interview. So, we find out that Stanton was in the navy, never married, and may have 1, 2 or 3 kids out there somewhere. Otherwise, we could have guessed that living with Jack Nicholson is never a dull moment. At least, we do get to hear Stanton singing, which he regrets not pursuing fully as a career, and also see in film clips. While a good deal of time is spent discussing "Paris, Texas," a rare starring vehicle, the oddest sight is that of a clean shaven Kris Kristofferson from "Cisco Pike."


The Kenyan government has launched a new program called Kenya National Electrification Strategy (KNES). The ambitious program has been developed in partnership with the World Bank and it aims to provide a roadmap for achieving universal access to electricity for all Kenyans by 2022.
The strategy has identified least-cost options for bringing electricity to households and businesses throughout the country. The KNES leverages on the off-grid options, mini-grids and standalone solar systems that complement grid extension and intensification. The strategy also highlights the crucial role that the private sector will need to play in providing off-grid solutions for Kenyan homes, businesses and community service centres in remote parts of the country.
According to the World Bank, approximately one billion people in the world lack access to electricity. Sub-Saharan Africa, and South Asia are regions most affected by the this deficit. Given the scenario, around 700 million people are expected to continue to live without electricity in 2030 and 90 percent of them will be in Sub-Saharan Africa.
"Tremendous achievement in scaling up connectivity has been made over the last few years. Total access to electricity now stands at 75 percent. However, there was a need to come up with a new National Electrification Strategy to deal with the challenges of bringing the entire country under electrification in an economically viable manner," said Charles Keter, the cabinet secretary at Kenya's Ministry of Energy, in a press statement.
The electrification strategy aims to deploy geospatial technology to develop a mechanism that provides objective planning data. This data will assist national and county policy makers in making informed decisions regarding grid and off-grid investments required for electric service provision.
Moreover, the Kenyan government has also launched the Electricity Sector Investment Prospectus which presents the investment opportunities in the energy sector over the next five years, valued at about $14.8 billion. The prospectus is expected to help investors and financiers to identify suitable project opportunities. The prospectus covers opportunities in power generation, transmission, distribution, off grid electrification, mini-grids and solar systems for homes and institutions.
The KNES was formulated with support from the Energy Sector Management Assistance Program (ESMAP), a partnership between the World Bank Group and 18 development partners to help low and middle-income countries reduce poverty and boost growth, through environmentally sustainable energy solutions.
In May 2018, Mercom reported on the news of the World Bank approving a $180 million fund to support Kenya's energy sector. The aim was to improve the financial health of Kenya's Electricity Generation Company Limited (KenGen) and improve private sector financing Kenya's energy sector.
Only a few days ago, the African Development Bank (AfDB) also announced that it has approved a senior loan of $18.17 million for the development of 50 MW Kopere solar power project in Nandi County, Kenya.


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Hosted by Radio's Nick LaCapria
Sports Updates in Boston, Mass.
The Boston Red Sox finished the 2022 MLB season at 76 and 84 and did not qualify for the playoffs. Boston has a history of winning and will be back for the 2023 season and ready to be competitive.
The Boston Celtics played for the NBA Championship in 2021-2022, losing to the Golden State Warriors in the NBA Championship. The Celtics are currently gearing up for the regular season with exhibition games. Boston is defending the Eastern Conf. Championship this season
THE New England Patriots are off to a 1 and 3 start and will face the Detroit Lions this Sunday (10/9/22). The Patriots are rarely under 500 and need a win on Sunday against the Lions
The Boston Bruins are gearing up for the NHL season currently with exhibition games. The Bruins have a long history of winning over the years in the NHL.
The 127th Boston Marathon is scheduled for Monday April 17th 2023. On April 21, 1975 Bill Rodgers would win the first of his 4 Boston Marathon titles. Rodgers is considered one of the best to ever run Boston. First 4 time women"s winner was Catherine Ndereba in 2005. 1996 the race atracted more than 38,000 entrants.
Copyright © 2022 bostonsports.digital - All Rights Reserved.


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Home Blog The Real-World Path to a Ph.D.
The Real-World Path to a Ph.D.
People who want to earn a Ph.D. degree are just like everyone else: they have jobs, families, hobbies and commitments—and most can't put it all on pause to go back to school. The trouble is, that's exactly what many doctorate programs expect, either requiring you to complete a certain number of credits at the institution, spend a lot of face-to-face time with professors or enroll as a full-time student.
Tiffin University has a different approach. We offer our Ph.D. in Global Leadership and Change online with limited residency requirements so you can go to school, continue your career and take care of everything in your busy life. But just because it's not a traditional on-campus program doesn't mean it's less worthwhile. Our curriculum covers important global leadership components and dissertation skills to help ensure your success. You'll work independently, but never alone. Our full-time librarians, faculty advisors, instructors and other staff members are here to provide all the support you need, including database access, research guides, webinars, scholarly publishing training and annual academic progress updates. The average student completes our program in 3.5 to 4.5 years.
Our curriculum covers important global leadership components and dissertation skills to help ensure your success. You'll work independently, but never alone.
Investing in a Ph.D. in Global Leadership and Change from Tiffin University can be well worth it. Many doctoral graduates go on to become chief executive officers, directors, business owners, researchers, business consultants and higher education faculty members earning six-figure incomes. Need more reassurance? A report from the U.S. Census Bureau showed people with doctorate degrees earn an average of $3.4-$4.4 million over a 40-year career, compared to $2.5 million for those with master's degrees, $2.1 million for those with bachelor's degrees and $1.2 million for high school grads.[1]
A Ph.D. is an ambitious goal to strive for, but it's well within reach at Tiffin University.
Learn more about the Ph.D. in Global Leadership and Change
[1] Longley, Robert. "Lifetime Earnings Soar with Education," thoughtco.com, updated December 10, 2018
Tags: #AcceptTheChallenge, #AdvanceYourCareer, #DoctorateProgram


Receptor tyrosine kinase which binds promiscuously transmembrane ephrin-B family ligands residing on adjacent cells, leading to contact-dependent bidirectional signaling into neighboring cells. The signaling pathway downstream of the receptor is referred to as forward signaling while the signaling pathway downstream of the ephrin ligand is referred to as reverse signaling. Together with its cognate ligand/functional ligand EFNB2 plays a central role in heart morphogenesis and angiogenesis through regulation of cell adhesion and cell migration. EPHB4- mediated forward signaling controls cellular repulsion and segregation form EFNB2-expressing cells. Plays also a role in postnatal blood vessel remodeling, morphogenesis and permeability and is thus important in the context of tumor angiogenesis.
Wilson M.D.,et al.Nucleic Acids Res. 29:1352-1365(2001).
Gerety S.S.,et al.Mol. Cell 4:403-414(1999).


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Q: Pandas merge and grouby I have 2 pandas dataframes which looks like below.
Data Frame 1:

Section Chainage    Frame
R125R002    10.133  1
R125R002    10.138  2
R125R002    10.143  3
R125R002    10.148  4
R125R002    10.153  5

Data Frame 2:

Section Chainage    1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8
R125R002    10.133  0   0   1   0   0   0   0   0
R125R002    10.134  0   0   1   0   0   0   0   0
R125R002    10.135  0   0   1   0   0   0   0   0
R125R002    10.136  0   0   1   0   0   0   0   0
R125R002    10.137  0   0   1   0   0   0   0   0
R125R002    10.138  0   0   1   0   0   0   0   0
R125R002    10.139  0   0   1   0   0   0   0   0
R125R002    10.14   0   0   1   0   0   0   0   0
R125R002    10.141  0   0   1   0   0   0   0   0
R125R002    10.142  0   0   1   0   0   0   0   0
R125R002    10.143  0   0   1   0   0   0   0   0
R125R002    10.144  0   0   1   0   0   0   0   0
R125R002    10.145  0   0   1   0   0   0   0   0
R125R002    10.146  0   0   1   0   0   0   0   0
R125R002    10.147  0   0   1   0   0   0   0   0
R125R002    10.148  0   0   1   0   0   0   0   0
R125R002    10.149  0   0   1   0   0   0   0   0
R125R002    10.15   0   0   1   0   0   0   0   0
R125R002    10.151  0   0   1   0   0   0   0   0
R125R002    10.152  0   0   1   0   0   0   0   0
R125R002    10.153  0   0   1   0   0   0   0   0

required output dataframe:
Section Chainage Frame  1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8
R125R002    10.133  1   0   0   1   0   0   0   0   0
R125R002    10.138  2   0   0   1   0   0   0   0   0
R125R002    10.143  3   0   0   1   0   0   0   0   0
R125R002    10.148  4   0   0   1   0   0   0   0   0
R125R002    10.153  5   0   0   1   0   0   0   0   0

Dataframe 2 has increment of 1 m interval while dataframe 1 has increment of 5 m. I would like merge dataframe 2 to dataframe 1 and apply group by.
Groupby for column 1 is sum, column 2 max, colum3 to 8 average.
In sql, I would link section between between 2 frames and apply between condition for the chainage and then add groupby.
Is there any way to achieve this in pandas.

A: You can first aggregate by each 5 rows with define functions in dictionary:
d = {'Section':'first','Chainage':'first','1':'sum','2':'max', '8':'mean'}
df22 = df2.groupby([np.arange(len(df2.index)) // 5], as_index=False).agg(d)
print (df22)
    Section  Chainage  1  2  8
0  R125R002    10.133  0  0  0
1  R125R002    10.138  0  0  0
2  R125R002    10.143  0  0  0
3  R125R002    10.148  0  0  0
4  R125R002    10.153  0  0  0

Detail:
print (np.arange(len(df2.index)) // 5)
[0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 4]

And then need merge:
df = df1.merge(df22, on=['Section','Chainage'])
print (df)
    Section  Chainage  Frame  1  2  8
0  R125R002    10.133      1  0  0  0
1  R125R002    10.138      2  0  0  0
2  R125R002    10.143      3  0  0  0
3  R125R002    10.148      4  0  0  0
4  R125R002    10.153      5  0  0  0

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


The ad is backed by a $450,000 TV buy and at least $100,000 online.
It's the same message as the group's first ad this cycle, hitting Sen. Kay Hagan (D-N.C.) on government spending and the national debt.
Both are considered two of Democrats' most vulnerable incumbents, and seen as necessary to the GOP's efforts to pick up the six seats the party needs to regain the majority.


This is a list of foods I Avoid and foods I Eat. There are so many unhealthy foods available to purchase but the more you avoid them the the less you will want them. It is easier to completely stop eating a food than it is to eat it in moderation.
I am a vegan so I avoid obvious foods like Meat (yes fish is also meat), Dairy, Eggs, and Honey.
Aside from that, I also avoid the following foods including the vegan versions of these foods like faux meat, dairy, eggs, and honey.
These are the best way to ruin your health. These are unnecessary because they naturally occur in fruits and vegetables. Salt causes water retention and sugar causes a huge blood sugar spike which leads to fat storage. Sugar contains zero nutrients. They both cause weight gain by stimulating your appetite causing you to eat more food.
It is liquid sugar and is also a mind altering drug.
They temporarily dull taste buds so you cannot taste the natural sweetness of vegetables.
Caffeine reduces blood flow to the brain and causes sleep problems.
It contains added sugar and salt and is very high in calories.
They are full of added sugar, salt, and artificial sweetener.
why? They are very addictive and are full of added sugar, salt, artificial sweetener, and caffeine.
Liquid sugar. Fruit is just fiber, water, and sugar. Remove the fiber (pulp) and some of the water and you have a liquid super sugar. The fiber in fruit prevents a blood sugar spike, it shouldn't be removed.
Liquid fat. I avoid anything with the word Oil in the title such as but not limited to Avocado Oil, Olive Oil, Coconut Oil, Vegetable Oil, Peanut Oil, and Safflower Oil. If you want to eat fat eat an avocado instead.
Mangoes and watermelon are snack foods not cookies and chips. Foods that people and advertising refer to as snack food are unhealthy garbage that are high in salt, sugar, and fat.
This is a small list of foods I eat. I do not limit myself to only these specific foods. The list is infinite because I am always trying new items that fit on this list.
I rarely eat these because they are low volume and high calories.
-Tea – herbal only. No Caffeine.


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UNESCO list of sights in Russia
The UNESCO list of Cultural Heritage currently includes 29 sites located in Russia.
• 18 of them are objects of cultural heritage: 7 of them are recognized as masterpieces of human genius - criterion i
• 11 of them are natural objects: 4 of them are recognized as a phenomenon of exceptional beauty - criterion vii
Russia ranks 9th in the total number of objects included in the UNESCO list of Cultural Heritage, and 4th in the number of natural objects in the list.
This list contains all the UNESCO Cultural Heritage sites in Russia, as well as the year of their inclusion in the list:
1. The historical center of St. Petersburg-1990.
2. The historical center of Moscow-1990
3. Kizhi Museum of Wooden Architecture-1990
4. The historical center of Veliky Novgorod – 1992
5. Solovetsky Monastery – 1992
6. Churches and monasteries of Vladimir and Suzdal – 1992
7. Trinity-Sergius Lavra – 1993
8. Church of the Ascension in Kolomenskoye-1994
9. Virgin forests of the Komi Republic-1995
10. Lake Baikal-1996
11. Volcanoes of Kamchatka-1996
12. Altai Mountains-1998
13. Caucasian Reserve-1999
14. Kazan Kremlin – 2000
15. Ferapontov Monastery-2000
16. Curonian Spit-2000
17. Sikhote-Alin Nature Reserve-2001
18. Ubsunur basin-2003
19. Narynkala and the old city of Derbent-2003
20. Wrangel Island-2004
21. Novodevichy Monastery in Moscow-2004
22. The historical center of Yaroslavl-2005
23. Struve Geodesic Arc-2005
24. The Putorana Plateau – 2010
25. Lena pillars in Yakutia-2012
26. The Old town of Bulgar in Tatarstan-2014
27. The different landscapes of Dauria - 2017
28. Sviyazhsk Island in Kazan-2017
29. Pskov Old Town – 2019
30. Petrogliphs of White sea and Onega lake
Click on the hyperlinks to read in detail about each attraction and see a large number of photos
Historical center of St. Petersburg
The city of St. Petersburg was founded by Tsar Peter I in 1703, just after the Baltic Sea coast was recaptured from Sweden during the Northern War. Since its foundation, St. Petersburg has been built as a ceremonial capital. St. Petersburg is not like any other Russian city.
Green building of the Winter Palace on the Palace Embankment against the background of the Admiralty and St. Isaac`s Cathedral
Catherine Palace in Tsarskoye Selo outside of St. Petersburg
The UNESCO-listed historical center of St. Petersburg is centered around the Palace Square and the Peter and Paul Fortress. In the vicinity of St. Petersburg, palaces were built, which became masterpieces of the Baroque style of architecture.
The center of St.Petersburg was included in the UNESCO List of Cultural Heritage in Russia in 1990 .
Historical center of Moscow
The city of Moscow was founded in 1147. After a period of feudal fragmentation, Moscow became the capital of Russia in the 14th century. There was built most powerful in Russia the Moscow Kremlin. An architectural ensemble was formed around it in the 15-16 centuries. Now it is included in the UNESCO Cultural Heritage List.
View of Moscow Kremlin from Big Moskvoretsky Bridge
Church of St. Basil (Intercession Cathedral) is the symbol of Moscow and Russia as a whole
The main attraction of Moscow is the Moscow Kremlin. It has several cathedrals and interesting museums. Next to the Kremlin is Red Square, where the St. Basil's Cathedral was built in the 16th century. These sights are symbols of Russia.
The center of Moscow was included in the UNESCO List of Cultural Heritage in Russia in 1990 .
Kizhi Museum of Wooden Architecture - 1990
The museum of wooden architecture Kizhi is located on a small island in the north of Onega Lake. It is the world`s famous monuments of wooden architecture. You can reach it only by a ship from the city of Petrozavodsk.
Kizhi island on lake Onega. The 18th century wooden churches of the Museum of wooden architecture are listed as a UNESCO heritage site
The Church of the Intercession Of the mother of God (1764) has 8 chapters, and the Church of the Transfiguration (1714) has 22 chapters.
Totally, there are over a thousand and five hundred islands on Onega Lake, and the Karelian chose one of them for their pagan rites (kizhat – «public merrymaking»). After the spread of the Christianity Karelian carpenters built wood churches using no nails there in the 18th century. In 1945, after a culture reserve was created on Kizhi, there were gathered a lot of wood structures, churches, houses, and mills from different regions of Russia.
The Kizhi Museum was included in the UNESCO List of Cultural Heritage in Russia in 1990 .
The historical center of Veliky Novgorod
Veliky Novgorod was founded in 859, so you can consider it the oldest Russian city. The other date, 862 is at least as significant. This year the Varangian prince Ruyrik and his men came to the lands of Russia, married the daughter of Novgorod`s elder statesman and took the lead of Novgorod lands. This year is assumed to be the foundation date of the first Russian dynasty and Russian statehood.
St. Sophia Cathedral (1045) in Veliky Novgorod is the most ancient church of Russia
St. Nicholas Cathedral (1113) is the main church of the Yaroslav`s Courtyard (Dvorishche).
There have survived a lot of ancient monuments of architecture, both within the Kremlin and beyond its walls, including the Cathedral of Sophia – the oldest stone temple on the territory of today Russia, which was built during 1045-1050. On the other bank of the river Volkhov, opposite the Kremlin, you can see not the least interesting sites – Yaroslav Dvorische (Court) and Ancient Torg (Market). Today there are 8 ancient churches and cathedrals on this small territory.
The center of Novgorod was included in the UNESCO List of Cultural Heritage in Russia in 1992.
Solovetsky Monastery – 1992
Solovetsky Islands are in the center of the White Sea in the north of Russia. There located one of the most important spiritual centers of Russia, the patriarchal Solovetsky Monastery of the Transfiguration of Our Savior.
Wall of the Solovetsky Kremlin facing the White Sea, with the Holy Gate (on the right), the Assumption Tower (in the center), and the Korozhnaya (watch tower) Tower (on the hill).
Skit (hermitage) of Andrew the First-called on the Bolshoi Zayatsky island of the Solovetsky Archipelago
In the 16th century the monastery was girdled with strong walls with watch-towers made of giant stone slabs. In 1558 the 5-domed Transfiguration Cathedral was erected in the center of the monastery. The monastery wasn't only the religious center but a fortress defending northern seaways.
After you have been to the monastery itself you should visit the Botanic Garden and the Skit of the Ascension of Our Savior on the Sekirnaya Hill. It will be very interesting to have a boat ride on the lake and canals of the island.
The Solovetsky monastery was included in the UNESCO List of Cultural Heritage in Russia in 1992.
Churches of Vladimir and Suzdal – 1992
Suzdal and Vladimir are the main sights in Russian Golden Ring. It is one of the oldest Russian towns, founded in 1108 (40 years before Moscow). In Middle Ages, when there were many small principalities on the territory of Russia, Vladimir was the capital of the largest principality. If you go to Vladimir from Moscow you`ll first see the monument of 12 century – Golden Gate. Mandatory visiting places are Assumption Cathedral and Dmitrievsky Cathedral. Both of them were built in 12 century. For a long time the Assumption Cathedral (1158) has been the largest church of Russia.
Nativity Cathedral and Church of Elijah the Prophet in Suzdal
Assumption Cathedral in Vladimir was built in 1158
Among the cities of the Golden Ring, Suzdal can be considered the most interesting to visit. On the small territory of Suzdal, there are five monasteries and more than 30 churches. The main sights of the city are Suzdal Kremlin, Nativity Cathedral, the Monastery of Our Saviour and St. Euphemius, Intercession Monastery, Museum of Wood Architecture, and the Square with Trading Rows.
Vladimir and Suzdal were included in the UNESCO List of Cultural Heritage in Russia in 1992.
Trinity-Sergius Lavra – 1993
Trinity-Sergius Lavra was founded in 1337 by a monk Sergiy called Radonezhskiy, which was one of the most venerable Russian saints (together with Seraphim Sarovskiy of Diveevo Monastery).
Trinity-Sergius Lavra in the Moscow region - center of Russian Orthodoxy
Assumption Cathedral built by Ivan the Terrible, and the Chapel over the source of Holy water in the Trinity-Sergius Lavra
The main church of the monastery (built in 1422), Trinity Cathedral, houses relics of Sergius Radonezhskiy. While alive he blessed Dmitry Donskoy to the Kulikovskaya Battle, and after death he was canonized as the «patron saint of Russian Land». The Cathedral is considered one of the main religious sanctuaries of Russia, as well as pilgrimage center. The largest temple of Trinity-Sergius Lavra, Assumption Cathedral, was built in the reign of Ivan the Terrible, during 1559-1585.
Trinity-Sergius was included in the UNESCO List of Cultural Heritage in Russia in 1993.
Church of the Ascension in Kolomenskoye
The Church of the Ascension of the Lord was built in the village of Kolomenskoye near Moscow in 1528-1532 by Tsar Vasily III, in honor of the birth of his son Ivan, who later became Tsar Ivan IV the Terribleю The other buildings of the tsar`s summer residence, including the wooden palace of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, and the Church of the Icon of Our Lady of Kazan, appeared a century later.
The Ascension church of Kolomenskoye is encircled by a big two-tier gallery
The Ascension church of tent-shape type, (1528-1532) the UNESCO World Heritage site, at Kolomenskoye
The height of the Ascension Church is 62 meters. It is the first tent-shaped church in Russia. Wall pillars and strong podklet (lower floor) made it possible to build a temple of unusual proportions. Actually, it is a tower church built on a grand scale. It is for its architectural features that the church was given the status of the UNESCO World Heritage Site.
The Church of Ascension was included in the UNESCO List of Cultural Heritage in Russia in 1994.
Lake Baikal is the deepest lake in the world. Baikal is the deepest lake on the planet (1642 m.) In second place is Lake Tanganyika (Africa) at 1470 m, following which is the Caspian Sea at 945 m, and Lake Nyasa (Africa) with a depth of 706 meters.
Rocky shore of Baikal Lake
Pebble beaches on Lake Baikal
Baikal is the largest freshwater storage in the world. The volume is 23 thousand km3. The area of Baikal is almost equal to the territory of Belgium. Its water supply is larger than all five Great Lakes combined. Baikal is the purest freshwater reservoir. Its exclusive purity is due to billions of epischura. This small, 1.5 mm long crustacean plays an important role in the pelagic ecosystem. The epischura plays an exceptional part in Baikal`s life circle.
Lake Baikal was included in the UNESCO List of Cultural Heritage in Russia in 1996.
Golden Mountains of Altay
"Golden Mountains of Altay" is a collective definition of the most beautiful places of the Altay Mountains, which were included in the UNESCO Cultural Heritage List in 1998. These places are part of two biosphere reserves: the Altay Reserve and the Katun Reserve, as well as tourist areas on the Ukok Plateau and Mount Belukha.
Stone Mushrooms in the valley of the Chulyshman River are one of the main attractions of the Altai Mountains
The colored mountains of Altay Mars are a unique attraction of the Altay Mountains
The word "Altay" in translation from the Turkic language means "Golden Mountains". The Altay mountain system is located in the geographical center of the Eurasian continent. The central point is located near Mount Belukha, the most famous attraction of Altay. Some followers of esoteric teachings considered Mount Belukha to be the mystical center of the Earth, where the legendary country of Shambhala is located.
Golden Mountains of altay was included in the UNESCO List of Cultural Heritage in Russia in 1998.
Caucasian Reserve
The Caucasian biosphere nature reserve is located in the Central part of the Caucasus mountain range, North of Krasnaya Polyana. Free access is closed, passes are required. It is one of the largest mountain reserves in Europe. In Soviet times, several tourist routes were laid along the Caucasian reserve, the main ones being No. 8 and No. 30. Route 8 starts near Psebay and route 30 starts in Guzeriple.
Pure river valley at the foot of the Greater Caucasus range in the Caucasus nature reserve
View of the Pure river valley from the slope of Chilipsi mountain. Opposite stands the Rocky Western Mountain
If you start Hiking in the Caucasus nature reserve from the Northern slopes of the mountain range (from Psebay), initially the routes go along rivers, in dense forests, at an altitude not exceeding 1000 m. As the height increases, the Colchian forest is replaced by subalpine landscapes. If you follow route 8, the most beautiful places of the Caucasian reserve are located in the tourist camp area near the Pure river. It is surrounded by the mountain peaks.
The Caucasian reserve was included in the UNESCO List of Cultural Heritage in Russia in 1999.
Kazan Kremlin
The Kazan Kremlin is the main sight of Kazan. It is located on the high bank of the river Kazanka, near the place where it joins the Volga river. The main fortress of Volga Bulgaria was located just in that place.
The leaning Suumbike tower in the Kazan Kremlin. At the background of the mosque minarets this slope is especially obvious
Kazan. The Qol-Sharif mosque and the Transfiguration tower of the Kazan Kremlin
One can have the most beautiful view of the Kazan Kremlin from the bridge over the river Kazanka. From that place one can see all the main sights of the Kazan Kremlin: Soyembika Tower, Annunciation Cathedral and the Qolsarif Mosque. Seven-tier Soyembika Tower used to be one of the so-called leaning towers. By the early 20th century, its inclination was estimated at about 2 meters.
The Kazan Kremlin was included in the UNESCO List of Cultural Heritage in Russia in 2000.
Ferapontov Monastery
The small Ferapontov convent, located 130 km to the north of Vologda, is a unique monument of the Old Russian painting due to the fact that in 1502 the Nativity cathedral was painted by the famous Russian icon painter Dionysus and his apprentices.
Churches of the Ferapontov Convent: the Nativity Cathedral, the Church of St. Martinian and the Annunciation Church
The total area of the frescoes of Dionysius and his artel, painted in 1502 in the Ferapontov Monastery, is 600 m2
In 1502 the most famous Russian icon painter Dionysius was invited to paint the Nativity cathedral. It took him and his apprentices only 34 days, from August, 6 to September, 8, to paint the entire church. The total area of the frescoes of Dionysius is 600 m2.
The Ferapontov monastery was included in the UNESCO List of Cultural Heritage in Russia in 2000.
Curonian Spit
Curonian Spit nature reserve is located in the northernmost part of Kaliningrad Region. Its southern part belongs to Russia, while its northern part – to Lithuania. You can see large spaces of sand dunes in three places of Curonian Spit. All of them are on the territory of Russia. And only some part of the third zone with dunes is located on the territory of Lithuania near the village of Nida.
Efa dune rises several dozens of meters above the waters of the Curonian lagoon
Dancing forest - the most mystical place on the Curonian spit, where the trees have an incredible curved view
The length of Russian Curonian Spit from Zelenogradsk to the border of Lithuania is 48 kilometers. The main attractions on the Curonian Spit: Royal Forest, Dancing Forest, Efa Dune, Muller Height, Fringilla Ornithological Center, Swan Lake.
Curonian Spit was included in the UNESCO List of Cultural Heritage in Russia in 2000.
Narynkala and the old city of Derbent
Since its foundation in the 6th century BC. , Derbent has been a fortified city. The fortress on the site of Naryn-Kala has existed since its foundation, but the citadel, erected in the 6th century AD, during the reign of the Persian Khan Khosrow I, has survived to this day.
View of the Naryn-Kala Fortress from the upper platform of the Pine forest Park in Derbent
The Juma Mosque in Derbent was built in 733, it is the oldest mosque in Russia and one of the oldest in the world
The old city of Derbent is located on a narrow strip between the Naryn-Kala fortress and the Caspian Sea. From the north and south, the city was protected by fortress walls built in the 6th century. This place is of strategic importance for controlling the trade route between Persia and Northern Europe. The Juma Mosque in the center of the old city of Derbent is the oldest mosque in Russia. It was built by the Arabs in 733.
Derbent was included in the UNESCO List of Cultural Heritage in Russia in 2003.
Novodevichy Monastery in Moscow
Novodevichy Holy Virgin Mary Smolensky Monastery is located in the center of Moscow. It was closely connected with the political, cultural and religious life of Russia for 5 centuries. The monastery is one of the most beautiful monuments of the "Moscow Baroque" architectural style.
Main buildings of the New Maidens` (Novodevichy) Convent as viewed from the lake
Mighty wall of the New Maidens` (Novodevichy) Convent and the Gate Church of Transfiguration
Novodevichy Monastery was built in 1524 on the bank of the Moskva River. It is dedicated to the Smolensk Icon of the Holy Virgin Mary, and was built by Prince Vasily III in honor of the return of the city of Smolensk to the Russian state in 1514.
The Novodevichy monastery was included in the UNESCO List of Cultural Heritage in Russia in 2004.
The historical center of Yaroslavl
Yaroslavl, one of the most beautiful cities of the Golden Ring, is located on the high bank of the Volga river at its confluence with the Kotorosl river. Yaroslavl was founded by Yaroslav the Wise in 1010. Spaso-Preobrazhensky Monastery was founded in 1216, and since that time it had been used as an Kremlin.
Domes of the Assumption cathedral over the Strelka of the Volga and Kotorosl rivers in Yaroslavl
Strelka of the rivers Volga and Kotorosl as viewed from the high embankment in Yaroslavl
It was just there, at the confluence (spit) of the Volga and Kotorosl, that Yaroslav the Wise laid down the city of Yaroslavl. The spit is quite suitable for promenades. It has musical fountains and the monument to the founders of the city and is always crowded by people.
Yaroslavl was included in the UNESCO List of Cultural Heritage in Russia in 2005.
Pskov Old Town
Pskov is one of the most ancient cities in Russia. As Novgorod the Great, Pskov was a feudal republic governed by the People`s Veche. Veche was a democratic institution, the precursor of Parliament, where the issues of home and foreign policy were discussed.
The Pskov Kremlin as viewed from the Velikaya river
The walls of the Pskov Kremlin and the Bell tower
Both historically and culturally Pskov is very attractive. In the center of the city there are many historic sites, which is quite reasonable considering the age of the city and its value for Russia. Moreover, there are several sites around Pskov, which are at least as interesting for visiting: Pskovo-Pechersky Monastery and Izborsk Fortress (on the way to Riga), and Pushkinskiye Gory (on the way to Moscow).
Pskov was included in the UNESCO List of Cultural Heritage in Russia in 2019.
Petroglyphs on the White Sea and Lake Onega
Petroglyphs on the White Sea are located near the village of Vyg in the suburbs of Belomorsk. This place is called Zalavruga. There is a large stone plateau rising above the marshes, where primitive people drew dozens of petroglyphs.
Petroglyph of an archer at Zalavruga near Belomorsk
The largest number of petroglyphs was discovered at the rocky plateau of Zalavruga, which is above the surrounding swamps
Scientists have analyzed the White Sea petroglyphs, and dated them to the 4th century BC (Neolithic era). In the 20th century petroglyphs were discovered in three places. The only petroglyphs available for sightseeing are in Zalavruga. There are also petroglyphs on the Belomorsk-Murmansk highway near the Belomors Canal. They are called Demon Tracks.
Petroglyphs on Lake Onega are located on the eastern shore near the village of Pudozh. The most famous petroglyphs are located at Cape Besov Nos on the rocky shore. The dimensions of some figures reach 4 meters. The most famous figures are Demon, Burbot and Otter.
The nothern petropliphs was included in the UNESCO List of Cultural Heritage in Russia in 2021.
List of places to visit
1 day to preview
Kizhi Island
half a day to preview
2 hours to preview
Troitse-Sergieva Lavra
Suzdal Kremlin
Novgorod the Great
Novgorod Kremlin
Ferapontov convent
Naryn-Kala Fortress
Saint Peterburg
Novodevichy Convent
Curonian Spit National park
Ascension Church


What lies ahead for UK retail in 2019?
After analysing Christmas trading reports, Savvy takes a look at the state of UK retail as we head into 2019.
Alastair Lockhart, insight director at Savvy, takes a look at this year's Black Friday shopping event, which has developed into a weekend or week-long sales event.
Alastair Lockhart, insight director at Savvy, takes a look at Amazon Fresh and what its arrival in the UK market means for the grocers.


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Solar-Stellar Connections
Optical and Infrared Astronomy
Warren Brown
A Hubble image of Sirius and its white dwarf companion star. Remnants of planets in aged, white dwarf systems can be seen as dusty disks of material and a new study has discovered six such systems that also have gaseous components, a very rare combination. The hot gas can be analysed to reveal kinematic information about the disk.
NASA / ESA
When a star like our Sun gets to be old, in another seven billion years or so, it will no longer be able to sustain burning its nuclear fuel. With only about half of its mass remaining it will shrink to a fraction of its radius and become a white dwarf star. White dwarf stars are common; over 95% of all stars will become white dwarfs. The most famous one is the companion to the brightest star in the sky, Sirius, but more particularly all stars known to host exoplanets will also end their lives as white dwarfs. Astronomers have established that planets orbiting stars can usually survive the late stages of their host's evolution. The rocky planets are broken apart and disbursed into dusty debris disks, and so white dwarf stars should retain remnant evidence of their planetary companions. Emission from these dusty disks is seen as excess infrared radiation; when some of this material accretes onto the white dwarf itself, the elements produce features in the star's spectrum. A small fraction, about 4%, of white dwarfs with dust disks also have gaseous components that have been seen in emission . While very rare – only about a dozen are known - these gaseous disk white dwarfs are thought to provide a particularly useful diagnostic of dynamical instabilities and disruption events in white dwarf disks, and astronomers have been on the lookout for more cases.
CfA astronomer Warren Brown was a member of a team that combined new optical observations from the Gaia space mission's all sky survey with infrared catalog information to search for white dwarf stars whose infrared excesses signal the presence of a disk. They identified about 110 candidates which they followed up with optical spectroscopy using multiple ground-based telescopes, from which they discovered six new gaseous disk-hosting white dwarfs. Their analysis of the spectra of these objects revealed that the disks are more complex than expected: over 50 emission lines are seen and they differ in their widths, strengths, and shapes. The lines also have strikingly different variability characteristics, with some stars showing lines that barely vary at all over about three years of monitoring while in at least one host the lines vary by 50%. Many of the observed lines have profiles that permit kinematic modeling, for example indicating a flat disk rotating in so-called Keplerian motion (with the faster velocities closer to the star, as in the case of the planets in our solar system). The new results show that white dwarf stars have rich, dynamically active environments that can be used to better understand how a star's system of planets evolves as the star enters old age.
Reference:. White Dwarfs With Planetary Remnants in the Era of Gaia – I. Six Emission Line Systems," N. P. Gentile Fusillo, C. J. Manser, Boris T. Gansicke, O. Toloza, D. Koester, E. Dennihy, W. R. Brown, J. Farihi, M. A. Hollands , M. J. Hoskin , P. Izquierdo, T. Kinnear, T. R. Marsh, A. Santamarıa-Miranda, A. F. Pala, S. Redfield, P. Rodrıguez-Gil, M. R. Schreiber, Dimitri Veras and D. J. Wilson, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 504, 2707, 2021.
The Mysterious Dusty Object Orbiting TIC 400799224
Stellar Winds and Evaporating Exoplanet Atmospheres
A Catalog of Solar Stream Interactions
CfA Scientists and Team Take a Look Inside the Central Engine of a Solar Flare for the First Time
Parker Solar Probe Data Released to the Public
Energetic Particles Can Bombard Exoplanets
Illuminating First Light Data from Parker Solar Probe
HITRAN and HITEMP Database
With techniques developed in quantum mechanics, molecular spectra can be modeled by a set of discrete fundamental parameters. The knowledge of these reference molecular spectroscopic parameters is essential to correctly characterize constituents of their environments, model their spectra and atmospheric conditions. Physicists at the Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian maintain the HIgh-resolution TRANsmission (HITRAN) and HIgh TEMPerature (HITEMP) databases of molecular spectral parameters, along with the HITRAN Application Programming Interface (HAPI) which also enables one to access the database archive and process the data.


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Art Paris Art Fair: Dan Hays - Gunwoo Shin
Grand Palais, Paris, France , 31 March - 3 April 2016
Installation View at Art Paris Art Fair, 2016
Booth P07 http://www.artparis.com/en/gallery/2412
Trade Afternoon I Wednesday 30 April, 2-6 pm
Vernissage I Wednesday 30 April, 6-10 pm
Christine Park Gallery is pleased to announce its participation in Art Paris Art Fair 2016. For it's first appearance in a mainland European art fair the gallery will be exhibiting in Art Paris's Promises sector: a section dedicated to promoting emerging galleries. The gallery will present a two-person exhibition with British painter Dan Hays and Korean sculptor Gunwoo Shin.
Dan Hays is a well-established British artist whose work examines the relationship between the intangible, encoded and instantaneous realm of the digital, and the tactile, imperfect and time-consuming medium of painting. In 1999 the artist discovered the website of another Dan Hays living amidst the Rocky Mountain wilderness of Colorado. This virtual encounter inspired the artist to begin producing a series of works, collectively titled Colorado Impressions, based on heavily compressed images taken from his namesake's website. In the last couple of years Hays has begun to expand upon this series, gleaning source material from increasingly varied locations, such as ski-resort or traffic surveillance webcams, and digitally archived postcards. By transforming low-resolution, heavily compressed pictures of landscapes into works reminiscent of pointillism Hays highlights and/or reconciles the perceptual incongruities between the physicality of the canvas and the sheer matrix of the digital screen. At Art Paris the gallery will present recent works from this series, which include some of its most varied and challenging works.
Korean artist Gunwoo Shin produces work in a variety of forms and mediums, including three-dimensional painted reliefs, sculpture and paintings. His work combines different cultural influences to present truly diverse artistic imaginations to realistic subject matter. Based on specific incidents and situations in reality his works incorporate tenets of modern life with classical motifs, presenting an expanded alternative to everyday society and demonstrating the artist's unique perspective. At Art Paris our presentation will focus on the artist's signature medium - three-dimensional figural sculpture. Shin has produced two new works which will be exhibited for the first time at Art Paris. His work Rustproof was produced in the wake of the Paris terror attacks of November 2015. This work combines the serenity of the Virgin Mary with the strength and resilience of the boxer, intending to pay homage to the Parisian people during this devastating time.
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Dan Hays
Gunwoo Shin
Back to art fairs


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ESPN analyst dunks on top prospect's conditioning after injury: 'Significantly overweight'
New Orleans Pelicans rookie sensation Zion Williamson was criticized Thursday about his playing weight weeks after he was taken with the No. 1 overall pick of the 2019 NBA Draft.
ESPN college basketball analyst Seth Greenberg, who also coached for Long Beach State, South Florida and Virginia Tech, said on "Get Up" that Williamson's minor knee injury he suffered during the Summer League was a warning that he needs to get into better playing shape.
"My concern isn't about his game, my concern is about his body. I mean, you can't improve unless you're in shape, and he is not in shape," Greenberg said. "Whatever his weight is, it's significantly overweight."
Later, Greenberg appeared to backtrack a little bit and say that it was his conditioning that was the issue and not his weight.
CLICK HERE FOR MORE SPORTS COVERAGE
"Watching him in the Summer League, he played nine minutes. Look, he ripped the ball out of Kevin Knox's hand and dunked the ball, that's great," he said.
ZION WILLIAMSON RULED OUT FOR REST OF SUMMER LEAGUE AFTER SUFFERING MINOR INJURY IN PELICANS DEBUT
"He couldn't move. He couldn't move. And in the end, if he's going to have a long career – and you made a great point earlier. When [Charles] Barkley was at his very best, he got in world-class shape. And it's nothing to do with his weight, to me, it has to do with his conditioning. And right now, he's in condition to get hurt, not to be a great player."
Williamson was ruled out of the Summer League after tweaking his knee in his first game against the New York Knicks.
During his lone season with the Duke Blue Devils, in which he was named the Associated Press Player of the Year and won the Naismith Award as the nation's top men's college basketball player, Williamson was listed as 6-foot 7-inches and 285 pounds.
His weight clearly didn't affect his performance during games and it didn't stop him from performing highlight-reel dunks and show-stopping blocks.


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Digital subjectivity
Norie Neumark reviews State of the Heart at the ACP and BioTechSex New Media Forum
The BioTechSex heart is an empty space, traversed only by code, aching for information, haunted by memories of a fleshly existence. Or so it is understood by many new media artists asking what has happened to erotics and politics, to ethics and intimacy, to embodied subjectivity in the digital era. This is not a nostalgic longing for old media and ideologies, but rather an immersed exploration of digital subjectivity. These concerns animated the State of the Heart exhibition at the Australian Centre for Photography and were explored further at BioTechSex, the New Media Forum organised to coincide with it.
State of the Heart, excellently curated by John Tonkin and Blair French, brought together diverse and thought-provoking photographic/digital media projects. As you moved from space to space in the exhibition, your own digital subjectivity shifted uneasily. In the main room, Josephine Starrs and Leon Cmielewski presented their Diagnostic Tools for the New Millennium comprised light boxes and computer interactive stations. The artists continue their formal interrogations of interface and their 'schizoid' attraction/repulsion to new technology—entranced with its "flexibility and freedom" while wary of its obsessions and surveillance implications. At first sight this split was addressed by two separate works—one about love and the other, paranoia. Yet the works took on a strange life of their own with audience interaction, as Starrs noted at the forum: the Fuzzy Love Machine induced paranoia and the Paranoia Machine embraced you. The fuzzy machine photographed you and extracted intimate data before allowing you to play in the database. This activity clearly put some people on edge, making the erotica/danger edge all the sharper. And while the Paranoia Machine represented paranoia, the delight of the interface, even its intimacy, made the experience sensually pleasurable. The Diagnostic Tools in light boxes similarly refused to stay in neat conceptual categories, thus poetically conveying the contradictions and energy of the artists' own relationship to technology.
The blown up digital photographs in Michele Barker and Anna Munster's The Love Machine were startling. The work seemed like a straightforward re-presentation of photos from a photo booth in Hong Kong (the Love Machine), which combines features of the two 'parents' to re-produce their offspring. The Machine has pre-sets for race, gender, eye and hair colour that are folded into the morph, or morpheme, as Barker and Munster figured it. The elegant simplicity and power of the work emerged as you registered the strangeness of the images of Kenji Barker-Munster, the Asian son, Lissie Barker-Munster, the Afro-American first born, and Mary-Beth, the blond, blue eyed child who held pride of place (though somewhat like another Munster, Marilyn, she was, in her normality, all the more disturbing). The re-ordering of Barker and Munster's own images on the side walls underlined their disruption of the standard heterosexual reproductive couple—who was really 'on top', and where was the desire to see yourself in your offspring's face going in the digital era? By inserting themselves inappropriately into the Machine and blowing its output out of proportion, Barker and Munster refused an easy, humorous take on The Love Machine with its promise of flesh becoming code and code becoming flesh. Instead they teased out the tensions and political implications of the way normalising (pre-set) culture and power relations produce and code not just The Love Machine but genetic engineering in general—reducing difference and specificity.
The third work in State of the Heart was Francesca da Rimini's dollspace with Michael Grimm's soundtrack for an empty dollspace. Well placed in its own little alcove, the viewer was positioned in an extremely disturbing space, where the detailed observations of everyday life that interest da Rimini were at play. More than, different from cyberspace, it was an intimate story space which undermined narrow categories of photography, writing, web work and interactivity. The sound held you there, immersed you, and yet powerfully disturbed your position. Its visual elegance was very moving—with the carefully laid out text, haiku-like, sitting on a variety of screens composed of an eclectic assemblage of photos and drawings. Equally powerful was the writing, a strange and haunting exploration of "identity, desire, death and deception." The poetic fragments, story segments, and electronic correspondence (written to doll yoko/da Rimini) moved between mournful reflections and pornographic imaginings. The play between these registers was abrupt and disturbing—especially disturbing to be in the same room with other people, to share your uncertainty or witness their discomfort. Inspired by a pond in Kyoto where women drowned their unwanted baby girls, the work moved beyond this focus and operated as a space of reverberation, where the lack of central or single organising narrative left you disoriented, as "haunted by…hungry ghosts" as da Rimini herself.
The artists from State of the Heart were brought together with academics at BioTechSex, one of the best of the excellent New Media Forums. One of the issues that wove through all the provocative and insightful papers was regulation. The level of argument went beyond the common technofear or instrumental reading of technology (the use/abuse debate) to raise questions about the relationship between science (in general and biology in particular), technology and culture and the implications for artists of the bio/sex/tech nexus.
Adrian Mackenzie countered the prevalent technofear that technical codes regularise and smooth out differences; he argued instead that "life introduces something that is not fully determined by codes." For him, confusion, change, and short-livedness break the seeming totalising power of codes through their depth, their layers. Further, since codes are always embedded in (graphic) marks and must be materialised, they are "contingent", specific and dependent on a context. Anna Munster approached regulation from a different angle, focusing on the coded regulations and nodes of power already present in (capitalist) culture and therefore already/inevitably embedded in codes and technology. As an embodiment of culture, technology is entangled with social, political, and economic relations. Munster noted the way some cyberfeminists forget this and overly sanguinely appropriate technologies to avoid the problems of humanism.
Biologist Lesley Rogers unpacked regulation and codes, a prominent issue in biology in this era of the human genome project. With stunning examples from the sex lives of chicks and rats, she argued that behaviour can affect biology and its genetic codes. Given the conservative prominence of biology and genetics in this code-obsessed digital era, including in the media, this critique of science from an insider was valuable and satisfying.
The relationship of these critical ideas for art was also raised. Adrian Mackenzie noted the way many artists' works repeat existing problematic structures in order that they no longer do what they were meant to do. This resonated with Barker, Starrs and da Rimini's discussion of the ways their works de-contextualise cultural practices, and how this throws into relief the implications of those practices—from net sex to digital reproduction. As Munster pointed out, new media artists are well placed to "work within existing structures and tease out implications and histories."
State of the Heart, Australian Centre for Photography, March 27-April 25; BioTechSex New Media Forum 7, Powerhouse Museum, March 28.
RealTime issue #25 June-July 1998 pg. 29
© Norie Neumark; for permission to reproduce apply to realtime@realtimearts.net