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text:
Q: HTTP Post Request: target server failed to response Hey,
I want to build a simple android app for loving the recent track. I receive the song with user.getRecentTrack and send the data and session key to my method but there is an error:
"The target server failed to response." Sometimes, there is also Error 3 from the lastfm method: track.love: "Invalid Method - No method with that name in this package".
This is my Http Post Request for track.love
HttpClient client = new DefaultHttpClient();
String postURL = "http://ws.audioscrobbler.com/2.0/";;
HttpPost post = new HttpPost(postURL);
List<NameValuePair> params = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>(2);
String signatur = makeTrackLoveSignatur(artist, title, key);
params.add(new BasicNameValuePair("method", "track.love"));
params.add(new BasicNameValuePair("track", title));
params.add(new BasicNameValuePair("artist", artist));
params.add(new BasicNameValuePair("api_key", api_key));
params.add(new BasicNameValuePair("api_sig", signatur));
params.add(new BasicNameValuePair("sk", key));
params.add(new BasicNameValuePair("format", "json"));

UrlEncodedFormEntity ent =
new UrlEncodedFormEntity(params,HTTP.UTF_8);
post.setEntity(ent);

HttpResponse responsePOST = client.execute(post);
InputStream data = responsePOST.getEntity().getContent();

I implemented also a convert InputStream to String method:
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(
                new InputStreamReader(stream));
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();

        String line = null;
        try {
            while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
                sb.append(line + "\n");
            }
            stream.close();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        System.out.println("Output"+sb.toString());
        return sb.toString();

What's the problem?
Thanks...

A: Try adding the Content-type header:
post.addHeader("Content-type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");

Here's a similar question in python.

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text:
February 14, 2018 News & Opinion » City Notebook
Tiny houses, big benefits
By Orlando Montoya
Kelley is planning for this former homeless camp and cotton mill site off Wheaton Street to become a village of 72 tiny homes.
WHILE YOU and I were decorating snow men and delighting in our unusual wintry weather, a woman apparently froze to death in the homeless camp under the Truman Parkway.
Valerie Gleaton, 49, was found stiff and blue on the morning of January 6. The previous night's low was 20 degrees. Her boyfriend reported that she hadn't been drinking or doing drugs.
You might respond with apathy.
Or you might respond with the anger and disbelief that I felt when I discovered, a few weeks later, that Savannah doesn't have a master plan for affordable housing.
Nor do we require affordable set-asides in development plans. Think of all the things that Savannah master plans and requires developers to set aside, like parking and retail space.
It's true that frozen bodies under blankets are nothing new up north. And some people are homeless because of destructive addictions, like alcohol or drugs.
But it's also true that homelessness is a policy that we intentionally plan, just like we plan superior shopping experiences for our tourist corridors.
Fortunately, a few dedicated and headwind-facing activists have better plans for at least 72 homeless people in Savannah. Despite setbacks, inertia and lack of any significant government support, they're building a community of tiny homes for homeless veterans.
"The only way we're going to solve it is by ensuring that people have housing," says Cindy Kelley of the non-profit Chatham Savannah Authority for the Homeless, which isn't a government agency, contrary to its dull name.
"We can do a good job making things beautiful but small and then people can really afford to live in them."
Cindy Kelley shows a model of a tiny home to be constructed for 72 homeless veterans.Center:
This month, the organization will let bids for the first stage of a $1.7 million project to build 72 affordable homes, most of them 128 square feet, on 3.5 acres of land off Wheaton Street. Two earlier site locations failed because of community opposition.
Kelley and I walked around the future tiny homes village, a former homeless camp and former cotton mill site. She also showed me inside the model home, which you can see from the outside in the Savannah Baptist Center parking lot, also on Wheaton Street.
"If you need to have a lot of things, this isn't the choice for you," Kelley says as she and I shuffle from bed to kitchen to bathroom in a few steps. "Living tiny is a lifestyle choice."
Judging by the success of tiny homes shows on television, it's a choice many Americans are making to get away from an over-consumptive and housing-competitive society.
Tiny homes typically cost less than the average new car. CSAH is building each home for $23,611, which includes the land, utility hook-ups, appliances and furnishings.
Homeless people, of course, have few choices, except maybe where to sleep, from among 25 homeless camps in Savannah, and where to eat, from among several church missions that offer hot meals for breakfast, lunch and dinner.
Inside one of the houses.
"We do food well," Kelley says of short-term shelters and kitchens, many of which require homeless people to attend meetings, take medications and stay off drugs and alcohol to receive their services. "It's not solving the problem. It's silly to expect people to really solve their issues until they're in stable housing."
So far, CSAH has raised about $400,000 for the project, mostly from private donors. So there's still a long way to go. And ultimately, it's 75 homes for 4,000+ people who end up homeless at some point during any given year in Savannah.
And 15,000+ people in Savannah are on a waiting list for affordable housing. Can Valerie Gleaton's death shake anyone in this community from apathy to action?
Tags: City Notebook, Cindy Kelley, Homelessness, Tiny Houses, Tiny Homes, Chatham Savannah Authority for the Homeless
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Home › The Buoyant Float › Buoy Bill is Working on a new website!
Buoy Bill is Working on a new website!
Thanks a lot for visiting our site and checking out our blog! Buoy Sue and I are going to do our best to keep our new website fun and you informed!
Back in OCTOBER 2015 I signed up for SHOPPIFY website and it's now FEBRUARY 11th 2016 and I'm finally getting around to working on it! You know what stinks about that little delay? Yup...we've been paying for 2 websites since then! Having paid to have an OPTIONS APP installed I couldn't figure out myself, I just couldn't bring myself to cancel then sign up again. I was motivated for it today so today I began on it and I got a lot done! Gotta go back to work on it now!


text:
Why Global Warming Hits the Arctic Harder Than Anywhere Else
By Brian Clark Howard 27 October 2016
Video highlights from Before The Flood
Explorer and marine biologist Enric Sala talks about Leonardo DiCaprio's new documentary, Before the Flood.
Enric Sala and Leonardo DiCaprio explore the Arctic in the new film Before the Flood.
In his new documentary, Before the Flood, Leonardo DiCaprio takes viewers on an eye-opening tour of how climate change is affecting the planet's oceans right now, from rising seas threatening Miami to the perilously melting Arctic.
One of the experts DiCaprio meets in the film is Enric Sala, a marine biologist and National Geographic explorer-in-residence. Sala is working to study, document, and protect some of the most biologically important areas of the ocean through the Pristine Seas project.
We spoke with Sala about his work and role in the new film.
In Before the Flood, you take DiCaprio to the tip of Canada's Baffin Island in the far Arctic. There, you warn that by 2040 the Arctic will have no sea ice left. Can you tell us what that will mean for the environment and for us?
The melting of the sea ice has consequences on all levels, from local to global. Locally, all the animals that live up there have evolved to live with the sea ice, so its disappearance will have major effects through the entire food web.
For example, there are certain algae that need to live under the ice. Those organisms are an important food source for little shrimplike creatures called amphipods. Those organisms, in turn, are eaten by Arctic cod, which are eaten by seals, which are eaten by polar bears. There are projections that the polar bear population is going to crash as the ice keeps melting. Already in the Beaufort Sea, we have seen a 30 percent decline in the polar bear population.
Melting sea ice also sets up a feedback loop. Ice reflects a lot of the sun's energy back up toward space, while open water absorbs more of that heat. So the less ice and the more water, the more the planet warms. (Read about the astronaut who is using his final days to fight for climate change awareness.)
Enric Sala during an expedition to the Russian Arctic in 2013
PHOTOGRAPH BY CORY RICHARDS, NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC CREATIVE
You also said the Arctic is like the air-conditioning of the Northern Hemisphere, affecting weather patterns, currents, and disasters like droughts and floods. Can you explain how this works?
A warming Arctic is going to affect our planet's systems of ocean currents and wind patterns, which help drive a lot of our weather. Now, there is a giant conveyor belt in which cold water that forms near the edge of sea ice sinks, only to be replaced by warmer water from the south. This process makes the British Isles comfortable to live in, for example, instead of frigid. But this whole conveyor system is in danger of disruption as the poles warm.
As the Arctic warms, it may also impact air currents, such as the jet stream, which drives a lot of weather in North America by blocking or shutting cold air.
In the film you call the warming of the Arctic "the most dramatic transformation of a large environment ever." Can you explain why this part of the world is so susceptible to climate change?
The Arctic is warming two to three times faster than the average for the rest of the planet. It's ironic, because the carbon emissions that are warming the planet are not produced in the Arctic, yet the Arctic is suffering the most. At the same time, what happens there is going to affect the rest of the planet.
Part of the problem is that at lower latitudes you often have more mixing of air and water, but the Arctic is more isolated at the top of the world. Also, warming of one or two degrees there has a bigger impact than other places because that's enough to melt a huge amount of ice. That leads to dramatic changes in the landscape and sets up that feedback loop that leads to even more warming.
As the planet warms, species in temperate zones have been migrating northward. But Arctic species have nowhere to go. That's a problem of living at the top of the world.
In Before the Flood we also meet local guide Jake Awa of Pond Inlet, who says the ice around his home used to be thick and solid, but now it is often the consistency of ice cream. Awa relies on hunting polar bears and other Arctic animals for much of his livelihood. How are indigenous people affected by climate change?
A warming Arctic is going to impact the people who live up there. The animals they depend on, such as seals and polar bears, are going to decline, so they are going to have a hard time preserving their hunting traditions.
Beyond the Arctic, the rest of the world's ocean is also under threat from a changing climate, right? How serious is the problem?
For the past 40 years or so, the Earth has absorbed more heat from the sun than it has reflected away, and about 90 percent of that has been stored in the ocean. That means if the ocean wasn't there, the lower parts of the atmosphere—where we live—would be 36 degrees Celsius (97 degrees Fahrenheit) warmer! Earth would be like Venus: uninhabitable. Bye-bye economy, bye-bye human race. The ocean also absorbs a quarter of the carbon dioxide we put in the atmosphere every year.
Unfortunately, all that heat is raising the temperature of the ocean, which is killing corals. That leads to the decline of the fish and other organisms that depend on corals. And all that carbon dioxide dissolving in the ocean is making the water more acidic. That makes it hard for corals, oysters, and other animals to make their shells. So that puts the entire food web at risk.
How does your work leading the Pristine Seas project—which is helping save the ocean's natural treasures—also help us address global warming?
By protecting huge chunks of the ocean from all other human impacts, such as fishing, mining, and oil exploration, we make these places stronger, healthier, and more able to adapt to warming events. As an analogy, if you get the Zika virus, you are more likely to survive if you were otherwise healthy than if you already had other health problems.
So we are trying to help make the marine environment healthier and more resilient. We're buying time while countries figure out how to keep warming at less than 2 degrees Celsius, which is what we need to do to avoid the worst impacts of climate change.
What else needs to happen to better safeguard our future from a changing climate?
There is really only one solution to climate change: to dramatically reduce our carbon emissions. Everything else, such as reforesting, capturing carbon dioxide, et cetera, are really mechanisms to achieve that goal.
At the same time, we need to develop clean, renewable energy technologies. Several countries have shown this is feasible and great for the economy. Denmark has slashed its use of fossil fuels and will soon use none, yet their gross domestic product has gone up. And they were named the happiest country on the planet by the United Nations. Other countries are on their way, such as Germany and Norway.
Those who want to polarize us between either economic growth with pollution and economic stagnation with sustainability are wrong. (Learn about how carbon taxes may play a role.)
What do you think are the most important things ordinary people can do to address these big problems?
There are so many things people can do. But if it were one thing, I'd say eat more vegetables and less meat. One of the biggest ecological footprints is our meat consumption. To raise cattle, forests are being cut down, especially in the developing world, and that creates a huge amount of emissions. Cattle also release methane, which is a powerful greenhouse gas.
I rarely eat meat, and I have never felt better.
When you introduce DiCaprio to the narwhals off Baffin Island in the film, and he hears their unique, purrlike sounds, viewers can really see the pure joy on his face. How important do you think it is that everyone experience such joy from nature?
We only protect what we love. There is nobody who goes out into nature and experiences something extraordinary like that and doesn't feel a sense of awe and wonder. Being in nature brings back the kid in us, that sense of wonder and curiosity. It's also good for our health and minds. People should spend more time outside.
For those who can't go to pristine places, we try to share that experience through our National Geographic films and media. Still, nothing beats firsthand experience.
What main message do you hope people take away from this documentary?
This film comes at a very important moment. The world is not debating anymore whether climate change exists, except for a few fringe outliers. World leaders came together in Paris last winter and agreed to reduce emissions so that global temperature does not increase more than 2 degrees Celsius compared to preindustrial levels, in order to avoid catastrophic climate change. In my opinion, one of the biggest values of the film is the strong sense of urgency. We have to act now.
And for those of us in the U.S., the film comes right before an important election. People should ask themselves, Who do we want for a leader on this issue?
What was the experience of working on the film Before the Flood like?
It was really fun to have Leo and [director] Fisher [Stevens] up there on the ice with us. It was wonderful to get to share the outstanding beauty of the Arctic. It was also a great privilege to add one more voice to the film, to show people what's going on. It's also a responsibility as a scientist to remind people what's at stake.
Scientist Goes It Alone on Climate Change to Save His State
Leonardo DiCaprio: Great Barrier Reef Is Being Devastated
Q&A: The Conservative Case for a Carbon Tax
Rising Global Temperatures Fan The Flames Of War And Violence
Why the New Sea Level Alarm Can't Be Ignored


ADVICE on how to boost business will be on offer at the Littlehampton Library next month.
On February 3, staff from West Sussex libraries' business information service will be at Littlehampton facility, in Maltravers Road to demonstrate the services they are able to offer.
The event takes place from 10am until 4pm. For details, call 01903 716450 or see here.


WELLINGTON, New Zealand (Radio New Zealand International, Nov. 7, 2012) – None of the teams in the gubernatorial race in American Samoa polled 50 percent so there will be a run off election on the 20th of November.
Preliminary and unofficial results from Tuesday's elections gave the team of Lolo Matalasi Moliga and Lemanu Peleti Mauga 4,377 votes and the team of Faoa Aitofele Sunia and Taufetee John Faumuina 4,320 votes.
Afoa Moega Lutu and Le'i Sonny Thompson polled 2,485 votes, Dr. Salu Hunkin Finau and Utoalii Iuniasolua Savusa garnered 873 votes, Save Liuato Tuitele and Sandra King Young polled 754 votes while Tim Jones and Tuika Tuika received 165 votes.
In the congressional race, Faleomavega Eni Hunkin has won a 13th term as American Samoa's congressman with 55 percent of the vote, Aumua Amata polled 34 percent, Rose Tago Lancaster received 4 percent of the vote, Kereti Mata'utia garnered 3 percent and Fatumalala Al Shehri received 2 percent.


Mark Jenkins (HF vol.5) and Aakash Nihalani, are booby trap setters, ambushing the boring drab visual landscape. They can make a simple walk through a city's downtown an eye opening and memorable experience. Jenkin's Tape Babies, ghost like stuffed victims make folks drop their isolationist "game face." Nihalani, often with the use of simple flourescent tape, bends perspective like an illusionist. Let hem both mess with your head tonight at LA's Carmichael Gallery. Let's see what they do indoors!


It is now 6:47PM and the store is now online with this caveat.
I have started populating the products and will get PayPal configured later tonight but I'm hungry and Jen and I are going out for a quick dinner at a local restaurant.
So welcome aboard, kick the tires and let me know what you think.
Tweaking the look and feel.
Right now, I am at number two.
I will post updates here as they happen.
Our Internet Service Provider's service is wretched today and I need to re-install some key parts of the store software. I tried taking a CD of the files to our local Library but the computers there are too locked down to be able to move files around.
Sometimes, being rural has its disadvantages with the only broadband option being a satellite dish.
The 6:00pm opening is going to be pushed back a bit.
I will post a notice here when we are live.
Major things happening here. I'll be posting updates later but the key thing is that we will be offering for sale our Cider and Mead tomorrow (Thursday, January 19th, 2006) at our online store.
Jen will be selling her soap and lotions there; I'll be adding some products in a month or so.
The last four months have been full — I will write about them later now that Winter has settled her quiet mantle about this country and we can take a few steps back from the day to day necessities.


Choosing a great DAT prep course is an important step if you plan to score high on the Dental Admissions Test. It's crucial to find DAT study materials that are best for your learning style. But, how do you figure out which DAT review course is right for you? Every DAT prep course company claims to have the best product, yet picking the wrong review materials could waste you hundreds of valuable study hours and lots of money.
I have personally tested and used all of the best DAT preparation courses, study materials, and books on the market so you don't have to! The chart below is aimed at helping you figure out which DAT course is best for you. If you can't decide on a course, feel free to leave a comment and I'll personally help you find the right one.
Best DAT Prep Courses of 2019 – Rankings!
Learning Styles: With a variety of courses available, Kaplan DAT makes it possible for any type of learner to receive instruction in the way that serves them best; whether that's working alone, attending a class, or working with a private tutor.
Comprehensive: Kaplan offers a thorough comprehensive review course that provides detailed content for every section of the DAT. Material is presented in different formats, such as: instructional videos, textbooks, or flashcards; to engage and help all types of learners.
Practice Questions: Kaplan provides you with a large bank of practice questions and full-length DAT practice tests to get you prepared and ready for your actual DAT. Working through practice questions is an important part of preparation for just about any major test.
Price: Their review courses are high quality and therefore, come at a high price. Be ready to fork out a nice lump of cash in order to prepare for the DAT with Kaplan.
Attention to Detail: The Princeton Review offers thorough explanations about everything so that you are never left in the dark. You will always know what to expect and how to prepare for it. They have a very well structured and organized review course.
Learning Styles: With a variety of courses available they make it possible for any type of learner to receive instruction in the way that serves them best; whether that's working alone, attending a class, or working with a private tutor. This helps show the versatility of their DAT curriculum.
Comprehensive: They offer a thorough comprehensive review course that provides detailed content for every section of the DAT along with numerous practice questions and full-length practice tests to get you ready for test day. Material is presented in different formats, such as: instructional videos, textbooks, or flashcards; to engage and help all types of learners.
Price: Their review courses are high quality and therefore, come at a high price. Be ready to fork out a nice lump of cash in order to prepare for the DAT with The Princeton Review.
Simplicity: Chad is one of the few individuals in this world that possesses the gift of teaching any concept in a clear and concise manner making learning and understanding easy. Prepare to understand concepts that you never did before with Chad's effective teaching style.
Video Library: The video library is extensive and is made up of short, concise and engaging instructional videos by Chad himself. The videos will keep your attention and you will learn more from them than any other video or review material for the DAT.
Affordable: You have the freedom to choose what topics or subtopics you want to purchase and for how long. This allows you to take charge of your learning and only pay for what you feel is necessary. Subscriptions are affordable on any budget.
Not Comprehensive: Chad's strength is in both the General Chemistry and Organic Chemistry sections of the DAT. The Quantitative Reasoning section is another well-made section that you should consider using, but their review materials for Biology are not complete as of now and there are no review materials for the PAT or Reading Comprehension.
Bottom Line: Although it doesn't cover the entirety of the DAT exam, Chad's Videos are an affordable choice for students looking for a no-frills instructional course that can hold their attention.
Exam-Identical Software: The practice exams and simulations are presented in the same computerized format you will see on your test day including the proper time limits, break policies, and rules for moving through the exam content. The difficulty level of the tests are very similar to the actual DAT and they are some of the best practice tests you can get.
Analysis Report: Following each practice test you will receive an analysis report that gives a breakdown in categories of all the questions. This comprehensive analysis will help you to analyze your strong and weak subject areas, show you how much time you spent on each question, how many times you changed your answer, and a myriad of other tools that will assess your overall testing strategy.
Detailed Explanations: The written and video explanations for the practice questions are well-done and extremely informative. These are great features to access after completing a practice test. You will learn a lot from them in order to increase your scores and excel on the DAT.
Price: Their review materials are high quality and therefore, come at a high price. Be ready to fork out a nice lump of cash in order to prepare for the DAT with the Crack the DAT testing software.
Bottom Line: DAT Cracker prepares students for the exam by offering a nearly identical test environment. Powerful analytics back up their excellent course design, but none of these things come very cheap.
Simplicity: The Gold Standard is able to present and teach information in a easy to follow and understand manner. Their DAT preparation course offers thorough explanations about everything and do a good job at stripping down difficult concepts and presenting it in a simple way.
Comprehensive Multimedia Resource: They offer a detailed and thorough review course suited for any type of learner. Their book set is filled with detailed content for every section of the DAT. They also have a video library and MP3 files that covers everything you need to know.
Organic Chemistry: The Organic Chemistry section in The Gold Standard book is slightly weak and does not include any practice questions. They make up for the lack of material and practice questions in the book by providing online practice questions and additional material.
Price: Their review courses are well made and therefore, come at a higher price. Be ready to fork out some cash in order to prepare for the DAT with Gold Standard.


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text:
\section{INTRODUCTION}

A quantum system undergoing an adiabatic evolution accumulates a geometrical phase, which adds to the standard dynamical phase. This  phase, introduced by Berry in his seminal paper \cite{Berry_PRL84}, has become a central concept in our understanding of quantum mechanics. The signature of this Berry phase has been sought in a broad range of domains in physics, like in neutron beams \cite{Bitter_PRL87}, NMR measurements in molecules\cite{Jones_Nature2000} and solid-state superconducting qubits \cite{Leek_Science07}. In condensed matter, the Berry phase is intimately related to band theory. It provides a deep understanding of, say, the topological nature of the quantum Hall effect or some peculiar features of graphene \cite{Zhang_Nature05, Liu_PRL11}. Despite its fundamental nature, no direct experimental signatures have been reported, except through reinterpretation of anomalous Hall-related effects \cite{Jungwirth02, Fang_Science03, Onoda_PRB08,  Glunk_PRB09, Werpachowska_PRB10}.

One of the cornerstones of condensed-matter physics is the Bloch theorem and the associated concept of band structure.
Bloch's theorem states that, inside a crystal, the electronic wave function with momentum $\vec k$ in a band $n$ takes the form
$\Psi (\vec r)= e^{i\vec k.\vec r} u_{n\vec k}(\vec r)$
where the plane wave part $e^{i\vec k.\vec r}$ describes the long distance physics of the system while
$u_{n\vec k}(\vec r)$ captures the short (atomic) distance physics. When $\vec k$ varies (due to elastic collisions with defects, in the present study), the wave function picks up the so called \textit{band structure Berry phase} \cite{Berry_PRL84},
$\gamma=i\int d\vec k.\langle u_{n\vec k}|\nabla_{\vec k} |  u_{n\vec k}\rangle$.
This Berry phase is therefore ubiquitous in condensed matter. However, up to now, it has been revealed only indirectly. Two ingredients are indeed required to observe it: a quantum interferometer to probe any phase changes and an adjustable parameter to control the Berry phase accumulated by the carrier wave function upon traversing closed paths on the Fermi surface.
Universal conductance fluctuations (UCFs) in disordered materials are a well-known manifestation of quantum interference effects. These aperiodic but reproducible UCFs appear as an external magnetic field is varied \cite{Lee_PRB87} and have been extensively used as a probe of the phase coherence in mesoscopic samples since the mid-'80s. The fluctuation pattern is a signature of quantum interference between different electronic trajectories in real space, reflecting the singular microscopic configuration of disorder for a given sample, yielding the so-called ``magneto-fingerprint" of that individual sample. The mean value of the amplitude of these fluctuations is universal, and of the order of the quantum of conductance, $e^2/h$. Hence, UCF experiments can be viewed as a ``poor man's quantum interferometer" picking up the long distance particular physics of the system. We need now a tunable parameter to modify the Berry phase. As mentioned above, this phase is intrinsically related to the band structure, so the accumulated Berry phase is related to the band configuration at the Fermi surface. In (Ga,Mn)As compounds the valence band is split due to the effective field arising from the exchange interaction between the hole spin and the polarized Mn moments.\cite{bands} Because of the spin-orbit coupling, the band splitting is highly anisotropic with respect to the direction of magnetization. Therefore the magnetization, and more specifically its orientation, appears to be a relevant parameter to produce changes in the band structure, and hence in the associated Berry phase acquired by the quasi-particle wave function.

Phase-coherent transport has been investigated in (Ga,Mn)As devices over the past few years:  UCF\cite{Wagner_PRL06, Vila_PRL07} and non-locality effects\cite{Giraud_ASS07} were reported. Also experimental evidence for weak localization\cite{Neumaier_PRL07, Neumaier_NJPhys2008}, as well as theoretical studies\cite{Garate_PRB09}, has been presented. It was found that low energy spin wave modes hardly affect the phase coherence. As shown in Ref. [\onlinecite{Vila_PRL07}], neither magnetization rotation nor magnetic texture destroy coherence in those systems. More strikingly, very unusual patterns, consisting of fast fluctuations of the conductance, were observed at low fields in addition to the conventional UCFs\cite{Vila_PRL07}. This unexpected regime appeared as the magnetic field was swept perpendicular to the easy axis of magnetization, below the anisotropy field.
Such behavior was conjectured to be related to the presence of magnetic domain walls (DWs), yielding to an additional phase term connected to the magnetic disorder. However, in those experiments, the knowledge of the sample magnetic configuration was not accessible during the transport measurements, and no conclusive argument could be provided. More recently, Hals and co-workers\cite{Hals_PRL10} proposed a new physical mechanism accounting for the existence of this regime. The fast oscillations would be the Berry phase fingerprint of effective magnetic monopoles in momentum space, which arise from energy-band crossings\cite{BohmSPRING03}. When a quasi-particle wave function traverses a closed loop in momentum space, it accumulates a geometrical phase from the monopole field.  In (Ga,Mn)As the position of these energy-crossings, or monopoles, depends on the magnetization orientation, due to the strong spin-orbit coupling. Hence, magnetization reorientation leads to a relocation of the monopoles in $k$-space, which in turn yields a Berry phase change.

These conflicting interpretations called for further investigations. To that end, we designed a new sample geometry so that the magnetic state could be well established. UCF experiments were performed for different magnetic field orientations and temperatures. As we will show later, our results indicate that the DW contribution can be clearly discarded as being the origin of these fast fluctuations, and point toward a fingerprint of the band structure Berry phase.
\section{DESCRIPTION OF THE SAMPLES AND EXPERIMENTAL SETUPS}

Our experiments were performed on a ferromagnetic semiconductor thin film. A 50 nm thick (Ga$_{0.95}$Mn$_{0.05}$)(As$_{0.89}$P$_{0.11}$) epilayer was grown at 250 $^\circ$C by molecular beam epitaxy on a (001) GaAs substrate.
Doping (GaMn)As with phosphorus produces a variation of the cell parameter of the compound and, in turn, the substrate induced strains are modified. This allows us to tune the magnetic anisotropy of (GaMn)(AsP) epitaxial layers deposited directly on GaAs substrates by changing only the phosphorus concentration\cite{Lemaitre_APL08}. The film used in this work presents an out-of-plane easy axis of magnetization.
After conventional annealing treatment, the Curie temperature was $T_C=$ 113 K and the sheet resistance $R_\square\sim1.7$ k$\Omega$. This film exhibits a low density of DW pinning centers.\cite{Haghgoo_PRB2010} Submicrometric Hall bars were defined on the wafers using electron beam lithography and ion beam etching, with the geometry shown in Fig. \ref{Fig.1}.
\begin{figure}[!htbp]
\centering\includegraphics[width=1.0\columnwidth]{faini_fig1.jpg}
\caption{(Color online.) (a) Schematic view of the orientation of crystallographic axes of the sample and applied field direction angles $\theta$, $\varphi$. \textbf{B} denotes the applied magnetic field, \textbf{M} denotes magnetization and $\theta_{M}$ the magnetization angle from the easy axis [001]. In the present work, $\varphi$ is fixed to $90^\circ$. (b) Scanning electron microscope image of a Hall bar indicating the numbering of voltage contacts and the direction of electric current $I$. (c)-(e) The voltage at each contact is indicated for different magnetization configurations. $V_H$ is the Hall voltage, $IR$ is the longitudinal voltage drop and $V$ is an offset voltage referred to ground. (c) The magnetization is homogeneous throughout the sample. (d)-(e) There is a DW in the constriction, with the magnetization presenting opposite sign at both sides.
 }
\label{Fig.1}
\end{figure}
The distance between the voltage contacts for longitudinal conductance measurements is $L=$ 440 nm, comparable to the phase coherence length measured at low temperature for similar compounds in previous works ($L_\Phi \sim 100$ nm at $T=100$ mK)\cite{Vila_PRL07}. An $\sim$100 nm wide constriction in the middle of the bar acts as an efficient pinning center for DWs; this constriction was designed to trap domain walls at will and to probe their influence on the dynamical phase. Finally, Ti/Au (20/200nm) Ohmic contacts were thermally evaporated.

\subsection{Domain wall detection}

\begin{figure*}[!htbp]
\centering\includegraphics[width=0.75\textwidth]{faini_fig2.jpg}
\caption{(Color online.) (a) Hall voltages measured on the left (circles) and right (squares) of the constriction throughout a field sweep at $T=4$ K. In the region between the different positive coercive fields, the Hall voltages on both sides of the constriction with opposite sign indicate that a domain wall is present in the constriction. (b) Another realization of the same experiment displaying the opposite order in the magnetization reversal on both sides of the constriction. (c)-(d) Longitudinal voltage, $V_L^{24}$, measured simultaneously with the Hall voltages displayed on top. The presence of a domain wall can be detected in the longitudinal voltage due to a Hall effect contribution ($IR\pm V_H$ in Fig.\ref{Fig.1}(d) and (e)). The left panels ((a) and (c)) present a measurement with the magnetization configuration described in Fig. \ref{Fig.1}(e), while the results displayed in the right panels ((b) and (d)) correspond to the case in Fig. \ref{Fig.1}(d).
 }
\label{Fig.2}
\end{figure*}

The double Hall bar geometry (Fig. \ref{Fig.1}) allows for detection of a domain wall (DW) trapped in the constriction by comparing the Hall voltages on both sides of the constriction. Indeed, in (Ga,Mn)(As,P), the Hall voltage ($V_H$) is completely dominated by the anomalous Hall effect, which is proportional to the local magnetization component perpendicular to the sample plane. Therefore, $V_H$($B$) reproduces the magnetization loops. The presence of a DW at or close to the constriction would result in Hall voltages with opposite sign on both sides of the constriction.

If there are no domain walls, meaning that the magnetization is homogeneous throughout all the sample, the Hall voltage on the left should be the same as that on the right, that is, $V_H^{1,2} = V_H^{3,4}$ (see Fig. \ref{Fig.1}(b) for the labeling of electrical contacts).
In this case, the longitudinal voltage will be $V_L^{2,4} = V_L^{1,3} = I.R$, with $R$ being the resistance between contacts $2$ and $4$ (see Fig. \ref{Fig.1}(c)). On the contrary, if there is a DW trapped in the constriction, the magnetization will have opposite sign at both sides. In this case, $V_H^{1,2} = - V_H^{3,4}$, and the longitudinal voltage will be $V_L^{2,4} = I.R \pm V_H$, with the plus or minus sign depending on the magnetization configuration corresponding to Fig. \ref{Fig.1}(d) or (e).

Figure \ref{Fig.2} shows the effect of a DW pinned in the constriction, on both the Hall (Fig. \ref{Fig.2}(a) and \ref{Fig.2}(b)) and on the longitudinal (Fig. \ref{Fig.2}(c) and \ref{Fig.2}(d)) measured voltages. When the magnetic field is swept from the positive to the negative saturation value, simultaneous magnetization reversal occurs on both sides of the constriction, yielding to the reversal of both $V_H$ curves for the same negative coercive field. Nucleation and propagation of domain walls are the well-established reversal mechanism in these materials\cite{Gould_PRL04}, so DWs are present in this process. However, since the nucleation energy is higher than the depinning one, no DWs are trapped in the constriction. Thus, once DWs are created from a saturated state, they have enough energy to travel across the constriction. If the magnetic field is swept to high negative values, the magnetization will be saturated and the same effect will be observed when sweeping back to positive fields, with the reversal on both sides of the constriction occurring at the same positive field value. However, a different effect occurs if the field is not swept beyond $-20$ mT, as shown in Fig. \ref{Fig.2}. In this case, the magnetization is not saturated and DWs must still be present in the sample, although far away from the voltage contacts. Then, when sweeping the field back to positive values, the first coercive field is observed when one of the $V_H$ signals changes sign ($V_H^{1,2}$ and $V_H^{3,4}$ in Figs. \ref{Fig.2}(a) and \ref{Fig.2}(b) respectively), meaning that a DW has propagated and gotten trapped in the constriction. By sweeping further the magnetic field, there is a field range where the DW remains trapped, and then the second $V_H$ curve reverses. The left and right panels in Fig. \ref{Fig.2} correspond to the opposite magnetization configurations depicted in Figs. \ref{Fig.1}(d) and (e). Furthermore, not only does $V_H$ indicates the presence of a DW, but $V_L$ is also sensitive to this effect, as shown in the bottom panels of Fig. \ref{Fig.2}. Comparing the top and bottom panels, the relationship $V_L^{2,4} = I.R \pm V_H$ can be deduced, where the minus sign corresponds to Figs. \ref{Fig.2}(a) and (c), and the plus sign corresponds to Figs.\ref{Fig.2}(b) and (d).
We have proved here that, despite the lack of control on the magnetic configuration (that is, we cannot choose which configuration to stabilize), we can pin and detect a DW, and also distinguish between the two possible configurations.
 Similar experiments were performed in the mesoscopic regime, i.e., at temperatures lower than 1 K. In this case, the magnetization reversal is clearly observed in $V_H$, although conductance fluctuations may veil the associated jumps in $V_L$.

After validating the detection procedure of DWs, this method was used to study the magnetization configuration with the magnetic field applied at different angles $\theta$ from the easy axis. A thorough analysis of the magnetization reversal processes in this Hall bar was carried out prior to the UCF experiments: we observed that after saturating the magnetization at B = 1 T, the field can be swept back and forth without any DW being created, as long as the field is always kept positive. This allowed us to work in a single magnetic domain configuration while applying the magnetic field at any angle $\theta < 90^{\circ}$, which was important in order to get rid of any domain wall contribution to the magnetotransport experiments.

\subsection{Conductance in the mesoscopic regime}

Electronic transport experiments were performed in a dilution refrigerator with a base temperature of 40 mK using a standard four-probe lock-in technique. Variable magnetic field was provided by a 3-axis superconducting magnet system, with a high field up to 7 T for the principal axis $z$ and a 1 T vector field using any combination of $x$-, $y$- and $z$-axis coils.
Since mesoscopic transport had never been measured in this phosphated compound, we first verified the appearance of UCFs. In Fig. \ref{Fig.3}(a), magneto-conductance curves measured at different temperatures are presented.\cite{TvsI} The magnetic field was applied perpendicular to the sample's plane, i.e., along the easy axis of magnetization. In this configuration, with the magnetic field applied along the easy axis, the magnetization remains collinear to the field direction, even at low field. Hence, the band structure remains mostly unchanged over the full field excursion, except for a weak contribution of the band Zeeman effect.

The amplitude of the fluctuations decreases with increasing temperature.
\begin{figure}[!hbtp]
\centering\includegraphics[width=1.0\columnwidth]{faini_fig3.jpg}
\caption{(Color online.) (a) Magnetoconductance measured in a 4-probe configuration at different temperatures, with the magnetic field applied along the magnetization easy axis. (b) Temperature dependence of the rms amplitude $\delta G$ normalized to the distance between contacts, \textit{L}. Red symbols are data obtained in this work for GaMnAsP, and black symbols are data presented in Ref. [\onlinecite{Vila_PRL07}], different symbol shapes corresponding to samples of different sizes.
 }
\label{Fig.3}
\end{figure}
The behavior of $\delta G.L^{3/2}$ vs. $T$ is shown in Fig. \ref{Fig.3}(b). Here, $\delta G$ is quantified as the rms value $\delta G = \sqrt{\left<[G(B)-\left<G\right>]^2\right>}$ and $L$ is the distance between contacts. The obtained values and the $T^{-3/4}$ dependence, as well as the values of the correlation fields, are in coincidence with those obtained previously in similar mesoscopic devices but made on GaMnAs layers\cite{Vila_PRL07} (shown in Fig. \ref{Fig.3}(b)) , meaning that the intrinsic transport properties are roughly the same, despite the higher concentration of impurities in the present sample.

\section{RESULTS}

To probe the effect of magnetization reorientation on the conductance fluctuations, the magnetic field has to be oriented away from the easy axis. Figure \ref{Fig.4} shows $G(B)$ measured at constant temperature, with the magnetic field applied at different angles $\theta < 90^\circ$. The field was swept between 0 and 1~T.

\begin{figure}[!htbp]
\centering\includegraphics[width=1\columnwidth]{faini_fig4.jpg}
\caption{(Color online) Magnetoconductance measured at $T = 135$ mK with the magnetic field applied at different angles $\theta$ from the easy axis of magnetization. The curves for $\theta > 10^\circ$ are vertically shifted for clarity.
}
\label{Fig.4}
\end{figure}

As mentioned above, in these experiments the magnetization remains in a single domain configuration. Hence, during a field sweep with $\theta > 0^{\circ}$, the magnetization direction ($\theta_{M}$) changes with the magnetic field strength: at low field, the magnetization rotates coherently toward the field direction. After reaching the saturation field, the magnetization remains collinear to the field direction. Above 0.2~ T, where the magnetization is aligned with the field, the conductance exhibits slow fluctuations similar to those in Fig.~\ref{Fig.1}, ascribed to the usual UCF. Below 0.2~T, a new regime develops as the field is rotated away from the easy axis: fast fluctuations are visible. As $\theta$ increases, the fast fluctuations develop within a wider field range. This broadening is consistent with the increasing saturation field, as the magnetic field is tilted away from the easy axis. This first series of experiments clearly confirms that the reorientation of the magnetization produces an additional term in the phase accumulated by the carriers over their trajectories. Hals \textit{et al.}\cite{Hals_PRL10} attributed these fast fluctuations to the signature of a Berry phase, and we will give further evidence supporting this interpretation, by studying the temperature dependence of fluctuations in both regimes.

Let us briefly summarize what is observed in the case of conventional UCFs. As stated before, a UCF fingerprint can be viewed as a ``poor man's interferometer", where the randomness of the fingerprint comes from the lack of control on the different paths that are actually interfering. The relevant length scale is given by the phase coherence length of the charge carriers, $L_\Phi$, which sets the maximum size of the loops that can contribute to the interference pattern. When  $L_\Phi$ is larger than the system size, the UCF amplitude is of the order of $e^2/h$. But as the temperature increases, $L_\Phi$ gets smaller due to decoherence effects, leading to a reduction of the UCF amplitude as shown in Fig. \ref{Fig.3}.  More interesting for us is the typical quasi-period of the $G(B)$ oscillations, which is related to the dynamical phase accumulated in a loop of size $L_\Phi$, which is given by $\Phi= BL_\Phi^2/ h.e$. As the temperature increases, the fluctuations become slower (i.e., the quasi-period increases) since a larger field is needed to put one quantum of flux inside a smaller loop. On the contrary, the band structure Berry phase $\Phi_B$ depends only on the direction of the magnetization and is independent of $L_\Phi$. This is because the relevant trajectory is described in $k$ space where the size of the loop, given by $k_F$, remains nearly unchanged. A simple corollary is that the quasi-period of the oscillations due to a change of the Berry phase is independent of temperature.

\begin{figure}[!t]
\centering\includegraphics[width=1.0\columnwidth]{faini_fig5.jpg}
\caption{ (Color online) Magnetoconductance measured at different temperatures with a fixed magnetic field direction, with $\theta = 80^\circ$. The curves for $T > 95$ mK are vertically shifted for clarity. The vertical gray lines are a guide to the eye, indicating the position of consecutive maxima of $G$.
}
\label{Fig.5}
\end{figure}

To test whether or not these fast fluctuations are a fingerprint of a Berry phase, we performed a series of experiments at different temperatures. Figure \ref{Fig.5} shows $G(B)$ curves measured at different temperatures and fixed magnetic field angle  $\theta = 80^\circ$, for a narrow field window ($0-0.5$ T). Again, both regimes can be clearly identified, for all the temperatures up to 1~K. The fast fluctuations pattern in the low field region, persists as the temperature increases, except for a damping of the amplitude. Moreover, the peaks occur at the same magnetic field values, whatever the temperature. In this regime, the oscillation pseudo-period is therefore temperature independent, contrary to what is observed in the high field UCF regime.

A better insight into the temperature dependence of both regimes is given by the comparison of two relevant parameters: the fluctuation pseudo-period $B_c$ and the rms amplitude of the fluctuations $\delta G$. In the high-field regime, the correlation field  $B_c$ was estimated by calculating the autocorrelation function of $G(B)$ from measurements at $\theta = 0^\circ$ between 0 and 7 T (like those of Fig. \ref{Fig.3}(a)). In the low-field regime, the analysis of the curves in Fig. \ref{Fig.5} ($\theta = 80^\circ$) was restricted to the field range 0-200 mT. In such a limited range, the measured curve displays only a few peaks and valleys and the statistics is not good enough for the autocorrelation function to be calculated; the pseudo-period was thus estimated as the mean distance between consecutive minima in each curve. The latter method was also applied in the high-field regime, in order to check its validity, giving roughly the same temperature dependence as that of the calculated autocorrelation function. The rms amplitude of the conductance fluctuations was calculated as $\delta G = \sqrt{\left<(G(B)-\left<G\right>)^2\right>}$ for both regimes.
The results are summarized in Figure \ref{Fig.6}.
\begin{figure}[!htbp]
\centering\includegraphics[width=1\columnwidth]{faini_fig6.jpg}
\caption{Temperature dependence of (a) the pseudo-period $B_c$ and (b) the amplitude $\delta G$ of the fluctuations in the high-field ($\square$) and low-field ($\bullet$) regimes. $B_c$ of the low-field regime is multiplied by 10.}
\label{Fig.6}
\end{figure}

\section{Discussion}

The evolution of $B_c$ with temperature (Fig.~\ref{Fig.6}(a)) shows clear evidence that the two oscillating regimes have different origins. Indeed, at high fields, the characteristic pseudo-period increases with increasing $T$, as expected for conventional UCFs. In this case, the accumulated phase is proportional to the magnetic field flux enclosed by the loops contributing to the interferences. As mentioned above, increasing temperature reduces the loop characteristic size and, in turn, the magnetic field flux (i.e., the accumulated phase) for a given applied field. A larger field variation is therefore needed to accumulate a $2\pi$ phase and complete a quasi-period, causing $B_c$ to increase with temperature. On the contrary, as captured in Fig. \ref{Fig.6}(a), in the fast fluctuations regime $B_c$ is one order of magnitude smaller and is insensitive to the temperature. We argue that this temperature independence is consistent with a geometrical Berry phase. This phase is accumulated by the carriers as they travel around a closed loop in $k$-space enclosing an effective magnetic monopole. The loop size is roughly defined by $k_F$ and is therefore temperature independent. This is in sharp contrast to the dynamical phase accumulated during the transport over a loop in \textit{real} space, whose size is given by the temperature dependent coherence length $L_\Phi$.

Figure \ref{Fig.6}(b) shows the temperature dependence of $\delta G$ for the high- and low-field regimes. The  variation  is similar for both regimes, with $\delta G$ decreasing with temperature in either case. This behavior is expected in the high-field regime, where only conventional UCF are visible. $\delta G$ depends on the size of the loops in real space producing interference. Again, these loops have a typical length given by $L_\Phi$, which decreases with increasing temperature.\cite{Data_book} This leads to vanishing interference, and hence vanishing oscillations, above 1~K.\cite{Beenakker_review} In the low-field regime, the fast fluctuations also disappear at high temperature, even though these fluctuations are associated with a geometrical phase. This is related to the sensibility of our UCF interferometer.  In our experiments, the Berry phase term is probed through the interference patterns produced by the wave functions of the quasi-particles describing different \textit{real} space paths. The visibility of the interferences is thus given by the coherence length $L_\Phi$. Hence, the fast-fluctuation regime is also lost at high temperature, above 1 K.

\section{Conclusion}

To conclude, we found that GaMnAs is a unique material for addressing Berry phase physics in condensed matter: the combination of ferromagnetism, strong spin-orbit coupling and semi-conducting like nature provides a direct way to control its band structure (hence its Berry phase) by controlling the magnetization of the device. Our measurements give clear indications that the fast-fluctuation regime observed at low magnetic fields is the fingerprint of the change in the band-structure Berry phase, yielding to a direct experimental
evidence of this fundamental mechanism in solid state matter. The next step will be to measure directly the phase itself. Such an experiment will require having good control of the interfering trajectories by using a real interferometer such as an Aharonov-Bohm ring. Using this approach in such a class of materials will provide a direct way to explore one of the most fundamental and elusive concepts of condensed-matter physics.

\subsection*{Acknowledgments}
The authors gratefully acknowledge the LPN clean room support staff.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
Q: SQL handle select with split strings I have a request whom looks like this :
"SELECT  CLCLEUNIK
,NOM
,VILLE
,CODEP
FROM CLIENT
WHERE NOM LIKE :nom COLLATE Latin1_general_CI_AI"

the :nom is a String, whom can be one word or many words.With php, I want my request to find all the possibility for each words and keep only those in common for each words, but I can't find the way by myself.
I tried to split my string in a String[ ] and do the request for each words, but i don't know how to stock the results in different variables.
Please help me.
Thanks.

Edit
There is my php code :
  public function test(Request $request){
    require __DIR__.DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR."..".DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR."Entity".DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR."sqlconnect.php";
    $nom = $request->request->has("nom") ? $request->request->get("nom") : "";
    $mots[]=explode(" ", $nom);
    if (sizeof($mots)>1){
      for($i=0; $i>sizeof($mots); $i++){

      }
    }else{
      $req ="SELECT  CLCLEUNIK, NOM, VILLE, CODEP FROM CLIENT WHERE NOM LIKE :nom COLLATE Latin1_general_CI_AI";
      $prepare = $pdo->prepare($req);
      $prepare->execute(
        [
          "nom" => "%{$nom}%"
        ]
      );

      $clientsrecherche = $prepare->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_OBJ);

      foreach($clientsrecherche as $key => $objet){
        foreach($objet as $key2 => $obj){
          $obj=utf8_encode($obj);
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        return new JsonResponse([ "response" => $response]);
    }
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I don't know what to put in my for.

A: Juste needed to replace " " by "%" and it's worked


Your PBX includes a full address book that enables you to manage all of your company's contacts.
If you access from main control panel (with your user's name aaXXXX), you can only access the public address book.
If you access from extension's control panel, you can access both the public address book and the private address book of the extension.
To access the address book, you just have to click on "Address book" in the control panel top bar.
If you already have a contacts book in Outlook, Thunderbird or in your Mac address book, you can export and import it into your PBX's address book.
Click on "Import" in the address book's toolbar, select the vCard file from your computer and click on "Upload".
Once the file is uploaded, you will see a list of all your contacts. For each contact, click on "Public address book" or "Private Address book" depending on the address book where you want to save the contact.
To add a new contact, click on the "New" button on the address book's toolbar and then fill in the fields with the new contact's information.
Once you have filled them in, select whether you want to save the contact in the private or public address book and click on "Save".
One of the advantages of using the web address book is that you do not need to dial your contacts' numbers; you just need to click on the number to be dialed. Bear in mind that you can only dial from the address book if you have accessed it from your extension's control panel.
Search the contact in the address book.
Click on the green phone icon or on the telephone number itself.
Your IP phone will start ringing at that moment. Pick it up and the contact's number will be dialed at that moment.


At first glance, the benefits & features of your small business's products and services might seem very similar. But there are subtle differences between both categories. And those can have a big impact on the effectiveness of your small business marketing.
You might remember that old phrase "show, don't tell" from English class at school, and this is sort of like the grown-up, business version of that. You want to show customers what benefits your business can bring to them, rather than simply tell them what features your products or services have.
What's the difference between benefits & features?
Benefits are essentially the positive reasons why someone would want to buy from your small business. They describe the ways in which your products or service will make the customer's life easier, and will show what they can gain from working with you.
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In this case, the benefits would be that the cleaning company would save you time and effort, allowing you to get on with your busy life without worrying about the cleaning. Another benefit is that they have an expert team and lots of manpower to get the job done quickly – and do it well.
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Going back to the cleaning business, this might mean a three-hour cleaning slot includes hoovering, dusting, mopping, and cleaning the kitchen and bathroom, by one expert cleaning employee. This tells us exactly what's included in a cleaning session, but it doesn't tell us why it's useful or why they should work with you.
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How are your making customers' lives easier?
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Read more about how to define your ideal client and attract more of them to your small business.
What are the key services or products you're offering?
What's included in each product or service, and what makes them stand out from competitors?
Do you use the latest technology or techniques?
Your features should describe exactly what your small business does and how you do it, focusing on the key selling points of each product or service.
At first glance, they seemed quite similar. But now that we've broken it down, it's easy to see that benefits and features are actually very different.
Both are very useful for marketing your small business and attracting customers. But use them carefully to make sure you're sending out the right message in the right place.
Benefits are best suited for creating an overall marketing message. They show why a customer should choose you (whether it's to save them time, save them money, or provide a specific solution to a problem they have). So they are ideal for attracting new customers.
Use your benefits in advertising materials, social media posts and email newsletters to make it easy for people to see what they would gain from using your products or services.
When it comes to features, these are really important for ensuring someone takes the step from interested observer to paying customer.
It's all well and good saying "we can save you time and leave your house spotless". But potential customers are unlikely to hire your cleaning company unless they know the finer details. How long will a session last, what type of cleaning is included, what sort of equipment do you use?
Use your features to create a really informative website, or create a welcome pack for new customers. You can also keep previous customers interested in your business by letting them know when you have new and improved features.


text:
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Andrew Moravcsik, Brookings panel explore US-EU relations in Obama's second term
November 9, 2012 Kevin Lees	Leave a comment
I had the opportunity to catch Princeton University's Andrew Moravcsik (pictured above, middle) at the Brookings Institution yesterday for a brief panel discussion on relations between the United States and the European Union following the reelection of U.S. president Barack Obama. Moravcsik engaged with Atlantic columnist Clive Crook and other panelists on not only the direction of US-EU relations in Obama's second term, but also whether US-EU relations are even incredibly relevant at all for an administration likely to have higher priorities.
It takes a special kind of brass for an American to become one of the fundamental scholars of European integration, but Moravcsik is the father of the liberal intergovernmentalism theory of European integration, which purports that European institutions are essentially the creations of nation-states, and that supranational entities such as the European Union only have as much power as those states unanimously agree to provide them. It stands in contrast to the competing neofunctionalism theory that purports that institutions like the European Union gather more power through the spillover effects of integration, allowing them to grow and gain additional power as integration deepens, notwithstanding the wishes of nation-states. It's a fascinating debate, and it's especially fascinating to consider the consequences of both theories for the ongoing European response to the eurozone's sovereign debt crisis.
Needless to say, few political scientists — European, American or otherwise — have had as much influence on European integration theory as Moravcsik. As such, he's long been one of my favorite scholars since I first studied European integration theory at the European University Institute, so it was somewhat of a pleasure to see him discuss US-EU relations in person — and not less than a 10-minute walk from home at that.
The discussion featured much of the standard debate between intergovernmentalism and functionalism, with Crook arguing in particular that the United Kingdom under prime minister David Cameron was perhaps irretrievably isolating itself from Europe and that it risked geopolitical irrelevance if it did so. He worried that the European Union, more generally, has failed to adequately provide 'variable geometry' for European countries — a so-called 'multi-speed Europe.'
Moravcsik, however, largely shrugged off those concerns and noted that a multi-speed Europe emerged two decades ago, with some countries participating more fully and others, like the United Kingdom, choosing to participate in some core functions but not others:
There's a lot of people in Brussels who say a lot of things, but what happens is what member states say.
He pointed to the limited nature of participation in the eurozone — many members, including the United Kingdom, have not acceded to the single currency. He also pointed to the voluntary nature of opting into any unified European foreign policy (e.g., the 'coalition of the willing' that included the United Kingdom, Italy and Poland, but few others, in support of the U.S. invasion of Iraq in 2003), the flexibility of European competition policy, and the opt-out nature of the Schengen Agreement that establishes the free crossing of borders throughout Europe, to which even some non-EU countries are party. He added that Turkey and, increasingly, Morocco are both, to some degree, integrated into the European Union, if not in quite a de jure capacity.
I found Moravcsik's thoughts on US-EU relations more intriguing, however — especially his thoughts on the Obama administration's much-trumpeted 'pivot to Asia.'
Moravcsik argued that US-EU relations are far more sanguine than, perhaps, has been reported, and noted the role that German chancellor Angela Merkel and European Central Bank president Mario Draghi played in preventing — or at least delaying — the kind of eurozone crisis that could have endangered Obama's election. He added that U.S. and European interests are largely aligned and that when the Obama administration needs to call someone in the world with the will and means to support its goals, it's still likely to call on Europe. He noted that the United States and Europe agree more consistently today than they did during the Cold War on issues as wide-ranging as nuclear proliferation, Israeli-Palestinian peace, consequences of the 'Arab Spring,' and environmental and climate change policy.
As such, he dismissed the idea of a 'pivot to Asia' as nothing so much as overheated rhetoric, comparing it to the talk of the United States as a unilateral 'hyperpower' in 2003. In both cases, he argued that Europeans have (wrongly) taken American rhetoric at far more than face value. To the contrary, Moravcsik claimed that the 'pivot to Asia' talk was 'drummed up' as a strategic justification for the United States pulling out of Iraq and Afghanistan.
That was perhaps a bit starker than I'd imagined. After all, Obama is headed, of all places, to southeast Asia for his first post-reeelction trip — to Myanmar/Burma, the first trip by a sitting U.S. president to that country in U.S. history.
Broadly speaking, Moravcsik argued that large strategic shifts, like any 'pivot' to Asia, are accomplished only gradually over long periods of time. That strikes me as largely correct, but it nonetheless will be interesting to see what happens between now and 2017 on U.S. Asia/Pacific policy.
Notably, we have a handful of measuring sticks to guide us: Continue reading Andrew Moravcsik, Brookings panel explore US-EU relations in Obama's second term →
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Suffragio attempts to bring thoughtful analysis to the political, economic and other policy issues that are central to countries outside of the US -- to make world politics less foreign to the US audience. Suffragio focuses, in particular, on those countries and regions with upcoming or recent elections.
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So beautiful without pesky Americans... https://t.co/2jGY8w5wVD about 5 hours ago from Twitter for Android
That @MurielBowser didn't even allow us to access the MLK Monument on MLK Day. A disgrace to liberty, a capitulatio… https://t.co/WOyozPFDTZ about 5 hours ago from Twitter for Android
At the risk of agreeing with @mtracey, we, for no good reason, today, barred everyone, including DC residents from… https://t.co/VC77jG4SuC about 6 hours ago from Twitter for Android
Honestly, I think both Silver Springs and Silver Sprung have a great vibe to them. https://t.co/TSRv6o6VV5 about 8 hours ago from Twitter for Android
RT @weinbergersa: Arguing about whether DC does/does not look a war zone misses the point: Downtown businesses are decimated, there are 25,… about 10 hours ago from Twitter for Android
RT @felixsalmon: My new favorite microextravagance is not waiting until the dishwasher is full before running it about 17 hours ago from Twitter for Android
We're Belfast now https://t.co/KNPckQANPW 02:24:15 AM January 17, 2021 from Twitter for Android
Is it possible to be angry at the perpetrators of the January 6 riot but also see that 20k troops and full lockdown… https://t.co/GfTrsD5qL1 02:05:15 AM January 17, 2021 from Twitter for Android
RT @AlexCTaliadoros: Who is dying: Who is vaccinated: https://t.co/VOEWzaaXwX 11:53:30 AM January 16, 2021 from Twitter for Android
RT @JuddLegum: I understand the intentions but what's happened to downtown DC the last couple of days is deeply upsetting. This is where I… 12:56:48 AM January 16, 2021 from Twitter for Android
RT @mattyglesias: I keep wanting to read more about the Johnson & Johnson one shot vaccine. Doesn't this seem like a big deal? Are plans be… 08:50:43 PM January 15, 2021 from Twitter for Android
Wow. Trump disapproval now above Carter-at-the-end territory. You wonder just how much higher that will go in five… https://t.co/N0hfXiUTUz 11:35:32 AM January 15, 2021 from Twitter for Android
RT @mattyglesias: https://t.co/rrFfFQs0Lr 10:27:30 PM January 14, 2021 from Twitter for Android
This is all very, very good stuff. https://t.co/4Yh6n4LryU 05:50:47 PM January 14, 2021 from Twitter for Android
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MAKING WORLD POLITICS LESS FOREIGN
Who is the most impressive foreign policy / security official (so far) in the Trump administration?
Secretary of State Rex Tillerson
Secretary of Defense James Mattis
UN Ambassador Nikki Haley
National Security Advisor H.R. McMaster
A Fistful of Euros
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Addis Standard
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Alberto Nardelli (Italy/EU)
América Economía
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I've been playing around with this for a bit, because it seems like it feels a lot like the documented posts/users example, but its slightly different and isn't working for me.
I'd love to end up with something that returns a Contact with multiple Phone objects. That way, if I had 2 contacts, with 2 phones each, my SQL would return a join of those as a result set with 4 total rows. Then Dapper would pop out 2 contact objects with two phones each.
and when I try another method (below), I get an exception of "Unable to cast object of type 'System.Int32' to type 'System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable`1[Phone]'."
Am I just doing something wrong? It seems just like the posts/owner example, except that I'm going from the parent to the child instead of the child to the parent.
You are doing nothing wrong, it is just not the way the API was designed. All the Query APIs will always return an object per database row.
So, this works well on the many -> one direction, but less well for the one -> many multi-map.
If we design it to work with a one -> many pair, we will need some sort of identity map. Which adds complexity.
SELECT * FROM Phone where ContactId in (select t.ContactId from @t t)"
Since this is a bit tricky and complex, with caveats. I am not leaning towards including this in core.
This way your objects would be unique and wouldn't duplicate.
Here's a reusable solution that is pretty easy to use. It is a slight modification of Andrews answer.
Based on Sam Saffron's (and Mike Gleason's) approach, here is a solution which will allow for multiple children and multiple levels.
Then you can have it read outside of the function.
The map function can then be called again for the next child object using the same parent object. You can also implement splits on the parent or child read statements independently of the map function.
I wanted to share my solution to this issue and see if anyone has any constructive feedback on the approach I've used?
I have to keep my POCO's as clean as possible as these classes will be publicly shared in an API wrapper.
I then have in my Data Layer the following "Data Class" which inherits from the POCO Client.
There's an obvious performance trade off with the JSON serialisation - I've benchmarked this against 1050 rows with 2 sub List<T> properties, each with 2 entities in the list and it clocks in at 279ms - which is acceptable for my projects needs - this is also with ZERO optimisation on the SQL side of things so I should be able to shave a few ms there.
There may well be a better solution than this one and if there is I would really appreciate hearing your thoughts - this is just the solution I came up with that so far fits my needs for this project (although this is experimental at the stage of posting).
Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged dapper multi-mapping or ask your own question.
Can Dapper load a Multi-Mapping result when a join table is in use?
How do I return one-to-many records in a specific order with Dapper and multi-mapping?


Slip on it girl! This dress features blue stripe print, V-neck, wrap style in asymmetrical silhouette, cotton feel. The summer will wind up with this adorable lantern sleeve and bow belt on the waist. Style with sandals and a cute bag to finish this look.


Breakfast, lunch, and snacks for symposium attendees.
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Here's the surprising answer of a 6 year old child.
The little boy seemed to accept Belker's transition without any difficulty or confusion. We sat together for a while after Belker's Death, wondering aloud about the sad fact that dogs' lives are shorter than human lives. Shane, who had been listening quietly, piped up, "I know why."
"Well, dogs already know how to do that, so they don't have to stay for as long as we do."
That's the secret of happiness that we can learn from a good dog!!


text:
'Dress Codes Suck'... Or Do They?
Are musicians over-dressed for their own concerts?
by Holly Mulcahy
A few years ago, I was preparing a costume to wear for my orchestra's "Halloween Pops Extravaganza." The musicians were asked to wear a festive, yet family friendly, costume to perform in. We were encouraged to be creative as there would be a contest where the audience would pick the best costume and the winner would receive a Barns and Noble gift card. If a musician chose not to wear a costume, they had to wear the contractually mandated "dress black."
Showing up, I saw many of my colleagues in some amazing and wild outfits. I knew competition would be stiff for the prize but then, out of the corner of my eye, I saw one of my friends wearing just jeans and a t-shirt. "Aren't you suppose to be in black," I asked him. "No," he said while pointing at a construction workers hard-hat resting next to his instrument. "All I need to do is put that hat on and I'm in costume. This is the only concert each year that I can play comfortably."
It had never occurred to me to question the comfort of concert attire. I grew up watching my teachers in their tuxedoes and formal dresses, and I always assumed I would be wearing the same thing.
Every orchestra dictates a basic guideline or dress code for musicians to follow, the details of which are spelled out in the work contract. The idea is to have uniformity on stage to create a consistent look that is both elegant and respectful. For centuries now, black or white tie or tuxedo for men and long black formal dresses for women has been the standard. But over the past few decades, there have been questions among many of my colleagues as to whether or not we should reconsider our performance dress code. To complicate the situation even more, many long term members of the audience have very defined expectations as to what is proper performance attire.
Throughout my career, I have had many wonderful opportunities to perform with a wide range of fine ensembles, including symphonic, chamber, opera, and festival orchestras. Although each orchestra had similar dress codes, it was the little rules that always caught my eye. In one orchestra, women were not permitted to show any hint of cleavage, in another, some cleavage was acceptable but women wearing pants must wear a jacket that completely covered their butts. Yet in another, no sequins, gold thread, or any material that would have sheen were allowed.
Even though they all had very good reasons for each request, those same rules didn't provide women with simple, no-variation instructions for attire that was readily available at retailers throughout the entire year. The result was it made it a bit harder to shop for "conforming" concert attire. On more than one frustrating shopping trip, I found myself wishing I could have it easy like the men in the orchestras. Their rules were just white or black tie tuxedo; nothing to second guess and nothing to make you paranoid about whether or not your jacket was covering enough of your posterior. Instead, it was as simple as could be. Lucky them.
But many of the men don't necessarily like the tuxedos either. They tell me time and again it is restrictive, gets in the way of many instruments, and can be very costly when you have to purchase multiple jackets.
Why are orchestras still making the musicians wear 19th century outfits when the audiences are being encouraged to come in anything they want? Why should an orchestra player wear white tie and tails or black formal dresses when those that show up are in jeans?
Along those lines, it is interesting to witness how audience attire has been changing in recent times. What an audience member wears these days to a concert is vastly different to 10-20 years ago. I am no longer surprised to see audience members in ripped jeans or flip flops. Fine, the audience is finding ways to be comfortable (many times in uncomfortable seating) and the customer is always right.
As a result, this is a strong indication that it is time for musicians to rid themselves of traditional formal attire, except perhaps for a few special occasions each season. Creating a more contemporary look wouldn't be all that hard and might remove yet another barrier for the audience. To me, creating a very neat and uniformed look without stuffiness while letting the comfort level of the orchestra be improved shouldn't be that difficult of a task for an experienced designer.
Having everyone, audience and orchestra, comfortable would probably create a more inviting event. The audience goes to concerts to see a unified group of talent moving together, breathing together, and creating together. Introducing a respectful dress code that brings musicians up to 21st century ideals doesn't threaten that component in any way.
Until that time comes, I'll have to draw what satisfaction I can from watching patrons ask my male colleagues to take away their empty wine glass(yes, it would be nice to not be associated as the catering staff either).
Telemann from Fairfax VA writes:
This activist-reformer looks at performer dress as a basic part of music performance. I.e. it should complement and enhance the ambiance and musical experience for the audience in ways that also make performers feel and do their best.
Traditional black outfits distinguish trained professionals from amateurs or pop music experience. They raise the level of respect and expectation by the audience. But sometimes black may be too formal. Alternatives would be ok with me if there was some theme and unity symbolizing the coherence of musicians working together. For example in an all Czech program non-black, but tasteful attire with common-colored scarves or other folk-related touches of color might enhance the atmosphere.
Cleavage? Like most men I can groove on a sexy woman, but calling attention to sexual attributes in a concert setting may be inviting attention to the wrong places. It would be the same if well-built men showed off their pecs and other attributes in tank tops and muscle briefs.
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