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Veterans Voice: Vern Boswell
Cameron resident Vern Boswell joined the U.S. Air Force while still in High School. After graduation, Vern was assigned to Amarillo for Basic Training in June of 1966. Ordinarily he would have gone to Lackland AFB, but they were experiencing an encephalitis outbreak at the time. Arriving in...
Area Artisan: Marlene "Watkins" Bottoroff
Marlene 'Watkins' Bottorff, originally from Stewartsville area, lives in Cameron with her husband. Her love of art was sparked at a young age. Marlene and her sister would visit during vacations to her grandparents home. "They didn't have modern conveniences", she recalls, "We had big thick color...
School board hears request for new performance arts center
Monday night's Cameron School Board meeting was standing room only with dozens of parents requesting the district construct a new performing arts center. Representing the parents in attendance, Pam Ice read a letter to members of the school board with numerous concerns regarding the current...
Veterans Voice: Command Sergeant Major Ronald Green
Ronald Green was born in Cameron and graduated from Cameron High School. He currently resides in Stewartsville. He is still active in the Missouri National Guard. He holds the rank of Command Sergeant Major. He enlisted in the Marine Corps while still in high school in February 1979, but took a...
Suspect dies after high speed chase with police
At approximately 7 a.m. on May 31, 2019, Troop H Communications received a call of shots fired from a red passenger car on northbound Interstate 35 at the 48-mile marker. Troopers observed the vehicle northbound near the 57-mile marker on Interstate 35 traveling at a high rate of speed. The...
As part of a collaboration with the Cameron Public Library, Union Station's Science City dropped by Parkview Elementary School teaching children basic physics as part of a traveling exhibit. During a pair of performances Monday morning and afternoon, students learned about the basics of gravity,...
Veterans Voice: John C. Cayton
John C. Cayton of Cameron has led a very adventurous life both in the military and afterwards. During high school at Northeast High in Kansas City. He lived alone his final 2 years of high school, and was in the ROTC where he learned military customs, drills, and weapons. John joined the United...
Prisoner relocation prompts union rep's concern for public safety
The Missouri Department of Corrections confirmed medium-security prisoners are relocating to their new home at the Wester Missouri Correctional Center Monday. More than four months removed from Gov. Mike Parson's state of the state address, where he announced the consolidation of the Crossroads...
Historical Highlight: CHS Grad Visits Oval Office
I'll start by mentioning the WPA program in Cameron during the 1930s. This was part of FDR's new deal that helped revive the depressed economy by providing jobs. The administrator for the area WPA was a man named Ted Sanders. Ted lived in Cameron for many years and was one of Harry Truman's life...
Area Artisan-Bridget Greer Arnold
Area Artisan Bridget Greer Arnold resides in Maysville, MO with her children, furbabies, and husband Matt. She loves to draw and has experimented painting with a variety of mediums including acrylics, pastels, watercolor, gouache, charcoal and oils. She says she has always loved art and creative...


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RedsZone.com - Cincinnati Reds Fans' Home for Baseball Discussion > Former Sun Deck > The Sun Deck > Adam Dunn is having a pretty good season
View Full Version : Adam Dunn is having a pretty good season
ChatterRed
He surpassed the 100 rbi mark last night. He's on pace to hit 40+ HR's again.
His K's are down.
If he gets his average into the .270's, I think it's a sign that Adam has improved his hitting this year.
durl
The guy acts like he wants that extra $13 million next year. It's good to see him having a good September.
REDblooded
Yup......this is the point that I expected him to tail off dramaticaly, but he's still going. Keep it up Dunn.
BLEEDS
The Batting Average is a good thing. As stated previously, the difference between .250 and .270 is TEN (10) hits during a 162 game schedule, or one hit every 16 games, just under 2 hits per month.
The more telling story is that he's STILL hitting 40+ HR/100+ RBI and will be near 100 R and BB as well - all while accounting for over 20% of the TOTAL runs scored by the Reds. That kind of guy you would think is worth keeping around.
-BLEEDS
TheWalls
... and Jessica Alba is a reasonably attractive young lady. [smirk]
Just do the $13 million club option now and move on. 40-100-100 is worth it as frustrating as Dunn can be.
Wasn't good enough for some people
redsfanfalcon
I am one of those, I admit...but if he keeps doing what he's doing...making more consistent contact and hitting the ball the other way 13 million by baseball standards with his production is a bargain.
redsfanmia
I will give it to him he seems to have actually improved his game a bit in the second half. He still frustrates me to no end though.
AmarilloRed
I have always said we should try and give Dunn that extension. Bruce will probably replace Griffey in 2009, and we have no one at this time to replace Dunn's production. I would imagine a 3-4 year deal would give us time to get help from the minors.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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£8 Million Fraudster who bombarded banks with fraudulent mortgages jailed
Fraudster who bombarded banks with fraudulent mortgages jailed
A fraudster at the helm of a criminal gang that defrauded high street banks out of almost £8 million by taking out mortgages on properties they didn't own has been jailed.
Mohammed Asif Younas, 50, was handed a seven year prison term earlier today (16 February 2012) at Southwark Crown Court. He had previously pleaded guilty to conspiracy to defraud and conspiracy to money launder in November 2011.
The court had heard how Younas, operating under the alias Mahmood Ali, was director of bogus Montague Mason Solicitors. He submitted false paperwork to Birmingham Midshires and Abbey banks in connection with 33 fraudulent mortgage applications in a two month period (October to December 2008).
His fellow gang members had previously identified suitable properties across the south-east to use for false mortgage applications – with the homeowners unaware of the crime.
The fraudulent mortgages were finalised when false paperwork was completed by the solicitors, and signed by Younas, including the Certificates of Title requesting the banks release the funds.
Once the deals were signed-off and the funds transferred, the stolen money was quickly transferred from the solicitor's account into a network of bank accounts,controlled by Younas and the rest of the gang. The money was then withdrawn in cash.
Det Supt Bob Wishart, of the City of London Police, said: "Younas is a sophisticated fraudster who hid behind an alias to con banks and evade police.
"His meticulous planning and precise execution of this fraud ensured maximum gains– but the scale of his crime resulted in the lengthy sentence passed today.
"Mortgage fraud damages the UK's economy and therefore affects us all. As the National Lead Force for Fraud, we actively go after people who orchestrate and commit this crime and continue to work with the banks to ensure people can have faith in the integrity of the mortgage system".
In March 2009 Abbey and HBOS asked the City of London Police to look into the activities of Montague Mason Solicitors, based in Essex.
Working in collaboration with the two banks, detectives uncovered an extensive criminal network that led them to execute search warrants at addresses across the UK in June 2009.
Four men – Khawar Khan, Imran Mirza, Nadeem Mirza and Farhan Khan – all part of the same gang as Younas, were arrested during the warrants. They were subsequently jailed having pleaded guilty to numerous fraud related offences in December 2009.
But 'Mahmood Ali' remained elusive, until detectives working with the DVLA were able to match 'Ali's' driving licence image to one with the name of Mohammed Asif Younas.
That licence provided legitimate. Detectives now had Younas' home address in Croydon and he was quickly arrested.
On searching Younas' home, detectives recovered more false documents and items linking him to his alias and as a result he was charged with numerous fraud offences.
Younas was sentenced to seven years imprisonment for conspiracy to defraud and four-and-a-half years for conspiracy to money launder, to run concurrently.
« Bailiffs and Police evict Occupy St Paul's Camp in London
The DWP still chasing loan repayments after 15 years for statute-barred debts »


Tom has a very energetic personality. Thanks for the vid.
Really enjoyed it. He was one of my favorites back in the day. However, seeing him today, reminds me of how much older I have gotten. . .
Platz was ahead of his time in the leg development department.


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Tuesday 2 August, 2022
Posted on August 2, 2022 by jjn1
Not Scott Joplin exactly, but good…
Arles, 2022
"Assistant heads must roll!"
Anonymous, quoted in The Guardian 30 June 2004.
The traditional solution to management problems in British broadcasting
Musical alternative to the morning's radio news
Scott Joplin | The Entertainer
Long Read of the Day
Like Bill Gates before him, Mark Zuckerberg is having a 'Pearl Harbour' moment
My column in Sunday's Observer about whether history repeats itself, even in the tech industry.
Act one begins in the spring of 1993, when Marc Andreessen and Eric Bina released the first graphical browser for the emerging world wide web. They called it Mosaic and it was a runaway success because it was the thing that enabled ordinary people to understand what this internet thingy was for. In 1994, Andreessen and Jim Clark set up a company that eventually became Netscape and in October that year released a new, improved browser called Netscape Navigator, which in three months had 75% of the nascent browser market. In August 1995, Netscape went public in a frenzied IPO that triggered the first internet boom.
As their company thrived, Andreessen and co started to muse about an even brighter prospect. If web browsers really were the future, they reasoned, and since the operating system (OS) of a PC was effectively just a life-support system for a browser, who needed a complex and expensive OS such as Microsoft's MS-DOS?
At this point, Bill Gates, Microsoft's co-founder and CEO, woke up…
My commonplace booklet
"In 1858 the Foreign Office had a staff of 43. By 1902, at the almost peak for the British Empire the headcount was down to 42. Today it's somewhere over 10,000.
That's 'Global Britain' for you. Link
Via Tyler Cowen.
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Nigeria Hub
Impact Story from Nigeria: Policymakers Engagement on Artisanal Gold Mining
By Grace Idowu Awosanmi and Deepa Pullanikkatil
Dr Sola Ajayi, a Professor of Agricultural Science in Ile-Ife, Nigeria, got interested in agriculture through his experiences and observations growing up in a farming community. He is now the Director of the Nigerian hub of the Sustainable Futures in Africa (SFA) Network, a global network comprising members from the United Kingdom, Nigeria, Uganda, Malawi and Botswana. "Being auniversity teacher and a Professor of Agriculture gave me the desire to understand communities in a holistic manner," says Ajayi. "I look at the issue of community development more than just that of agriculture because I know that the development of communities is a result of so many interwoven factors. This was my attraction for joining SFA."
Since 2014, Ajayi has been researching the nexus between artisanal gold mining and agriculture. He has conducted several field visits and partnered with other universities (notably Goethe University in Germany and Murdoch University in Australia) on issues relating to mining, community relationships and social engagement. So at the inaugural SFA meeting in Botswana in 2016, where hub countries were offered seed grants and asked to come up with projects, Ajayi presented the idea of 'Prioritizing developmental needs in agrarian and mining communities'. The research question was: What is the priority for artisanal mining communities in the face of limited resources? A variety of methods were used by Ajayi and his interdisciplinary team, which included Prof. Akande from Adult Literacy and Lifelong Education and Prof. Torimiro from Agricultural Sociology.
Ajayi recalls, "As we progressed, there came an escalation in the problem of artisanal mining per se, which also extended to both my immediate environment at Ile-Ife and to the community where I was born. The issue of artisanal mining in Nigeria spiralled to become a security issue that was also threatening the social fabric of communities where these issues were taking place. Therefore we decided to narrow it down and then look at it in context."
Prof Sola Ajayi meeting with youth
Mining in Itagunmodi
About a year after the start of the SFA project, the government of Nigeria came up with the idea of changing its developmental paradigm to focus on agriculture and mining. They wanted to reduce the dependence of the Nigerian economy on oil, targeting other aspects of the economy instead. This prompted the SFA team to ask, "If the government considers mining and agriculture to hold the key to economic diversification, why are the communities where these activities take place poor?"
Their interest in this question led them to the village of Igbojaye, located in Oyo State. The community is strategically located within a strongly traditional institutional environment. Itagunmodi is less than 20 km from Ile-Ife, which is regarded as the source/origin of the Yoruba race. However, with the rise of mining and the influx of migrants it brought to the area, the Itagunmodi Kabiyesi (king) had been displaced and had to leave the community. The Yorubas are predominantly farmers, traders and learned people. Therefore, migrants from the north of the country came for the jobs, displacing the original members of the community. Two in every three occupants of the community is a migrant Northerner who does not speak the local language. Prof Ajayi recalls an instance in Itagunmodi when the Jumat prayer was spoken in the migrants' language. "The migrants were no longer learning the native language. Rather the few natives that were there were learning the language of the migrant miners. We also saw a shift in the kinds of business activities, in the kinds of food in circulation, culture and even the music played on the street. All these no longer reflected the culture of the people." It was alarming to the locals that Itagunmodi was now being taken over by people of another tribe, and it was seen which was now a major security concern.
As tensions rose in Itagunmodi, Prof. Ajayi spoke with various concerned parties, including the Honourable Commissioner for Environment and Community Leaders and Traditional Rulers, the Deputy Governor of the State and the Chief of Staff of the State. The Chief of Staff was very glad that the SFA team had come to provide research-based perspectives and to draw the government's attention to the issue, and eventually some of the information they provided led to the convening of a security meeting.
Ajayi also spoke to the Commissioner of Police for Osun State, who was not aware of the security implication nor that the situation had degenerated so much. The Commissioner later informed Ajayi that there would be a Security Summit, which was widely covered in the national dailies. Ajayi also spoke to a very significant and influential indigenous personality, who is presently the Director-General of the National Chamber of Commerce and Industry (and was previously Nigeria's ambassador to Australia), whom he had met during a research project collaboration. This led to the SFA group being put in charge of mining-related issues for the Chamber of Commerce and Industry.
At that time, the Development Agenda for Western Nigeria (DAWN) Commission, a group tasked with the sustainable development of the predominantly Yoruba-speaking southwest region, asked the SFA hub to prepare a presentation that would inform the policy of the commission on the issue of mining and artisanal mining. Ajayi is happy that through SFA, he has been able for the first time to engage with policy makers and provide empirical evidence that can form the opinions and positions of both government and traditional institutions. He says, "The goal of the project is not just research. The way I understand it, research is not an end in SFA, research is a means to an end and the end is the development of the community. We want to facilitate development not just as an academic exercise but as a daily experiential activity. So research is only a component of it to the extent that it serves to provide solutions, understanding and index analysis that will bring out solutions to problems. The development will involve members of the community, whether they are natives or migrants. Everyone that lives, everyone that transacts, everyone that has a stake in the community is a stakeholder so they need to be actively engaged. It will involve regulatory authorities, government authorities, traditional institutions and the people. It is important to engage people since the facilitation of development is something that can not be done alone."
by Vanessa Duclos
Women Environment Programme Wins Nigerian Energy Award
By Deepa Pullanikkatil, Co-Director of the Network
It was a proud moment for Women Environment Programme (WEP) when the 2019 Energy Globe National Awards in Nigeria were announced and they were declared winner. The technological innovation that got them the award was the Solar Tent Dryer, which has helped promote women economic empowerment in Adogo District, Nigeria.
In July 2018, WEP built a solar dryer at Adogo community using locally available materials. The tent was built like a greenhouse, with a short brick wall, tin roof and plastic sheets as walls, with air vents to allow warm air to rise. As the warm air rises, the fruits and vegetables which are laid out in racks made with nets are dried efficiently, while preserving its nutritional value. This technology hygienically and efficiently dries fruits and vegetables using solar radiation, which heats the tent like a green house. Previously, the community used to dry fruits and vegetables out in the open, prone to contamination by dust and flies. They said their pepper crop used to get rotten very quickly. Adogo community now uses the tent to dry chillies and fruits and says they are able to note that the colour and nutrition is better when drying in the tent and furthermore, the produce is preserved and lasts longer.
A simple, yet effective technology, the solar tent was inspired by Solar Fish Dryers built under the Lake Chilwa Basin Climate Change Adaptation Programme, implemented in fishing communities in southern Malawi. Deepa Pullanikkatil, who had previously worked in this project, shared the technology with WEP Founder Priscilla Ackchapa at the University of Glasgow in 2017 and brought a model of the solar tent to Nigeria in early 2018. WEP was able to replicate this model in their Adogo community and customize it to local situation with community participation. Both Deepa Pullanikkatil and Priscilla Ackchapa are members of the Sustainable Futures in Africa (SFA) Network and connected at the University of Glasgow at an SFA conference.
The technology is reducing waste of food produce, ensure availability of seasonal food for longer duration and preserves food, thereby increasing incomes for the community. WEP's project of Promoting Women Empowerment through Efficient Technology that makes available solar dryer tents in rural communities won the organization he Energy Globe Award, which is today's most prestigious environmental award. With over 2000 project submissions from more than 187 participating countries annually, it distinguishes projects regionally, nationally and globally that focus on energy efficiency, renewable energy and conservation of resources. Women Environmental Programme (WEP) was presented as the 2019 Energy Globe Award winners for Nigeria on 29th October 2019 on the occasion of the National Day Celebration at the Austrian Embassy in Lagos, Nigeria.
Women drying chillies in the solar dryer built by WEP
Want to support this initiative? Donate here: https://plana.earth/project/building-an-efficient-technology-for-women-s-economic-empowerment?fbclid=IwAR16xaGk8QlDOUy-3_ZtwbK8woYDzexxZ63rE3L2-sFP53XbR7JI4kFSTQE
Want to see videos of the solar tent? Click here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jT4usNwpSkg&feature=youtu.be
Related blogs: https://sustainablefuturesinafrica.com/2018/12/14/impact-story-a-solar-dryer-tent-to-support-farmers-in-nigeria/
Nigeria Hub's Field Visit to Itagunmodi – The City of Gold
By Grace Awosanmi – Research Administrator of Nigeria hub
Revision made by David Gerow
The Nigerian hub recently (April 2019) made a follow-up visit to Itagunmodi, an ancient but underdeveloped community of farmers famed as the "city of gold" in the Atakumosa West Local Government Area of Osun State.
Under the leadership of the Hub Director, Prof. Sola Ajayi, a team of 9 experts were involved in the field activity. They were drawn from First Technical University, Ibadan and Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife. The team comprised specialists in Adult Education, Crop Production, Ecology, Geology, Geography, Remote Sensing, Youth Development/Psychology, and a bilingual Hausa-Yoruba-English interpreter. The primary objective of the visit was to assess social and environmental changes in the community since the 2016 visit, during which time the community had witnessed an unrestricted influx of foreign and local migrant miners engaging in illicit gold mining, mostly coming from the northern part of the country. The assessment involved observations, key informant interviews, focus group discussions and the administration of questionnaires.
Discussion with an Ethnic Leader
Interaction with service providers
Collection of water samples
Women's group discussion
In the time between the two project visits, the community had been diluted. The miners who had previously lived outside the community have now settled in and make up about 75% of the population. Consequently, there has been an apparent shift in the social life and economic activities of the community. The new demographics have occasioned a shift in the kinds of businesses that exist, food preferences, music and even language. Rather than the miners learning the local language, indigenes were learning the miners' language. The impoverished community members were jumping at the opportunity to make money from the miners without being mindful of the consequences. Home and land owners chose to rent out any available place/farmland to the miners, who are offering as much as four times the normal rates, and thereafter relocating to non-mining and safer communities. Particularly insightful were the discussions held with the women's food vendor group, youths and other key informants in the community. Various concerns were raised over the recent developments: the invasion by artisanal miners from neighbouring communities, states and countries into their community; the negligence of the government; and the poor relationship between the residents and artisanal miners.
The field visit afforded the hub an opportunity to pre-test the questionnaires designed for a socio-economic and demographic survey and to strengthen relationships with the community through the identification of community representatives.
Impact Story: A Solar Dryer Tent to Support Farmers in Nigeria
For the farmers of Adogo, a community in Nigeria's Mbaya district, sun drying was the only way to preserve produce. Local women would lay fruits and vegetables on the ground to dehydrate them for future use. But sun drying brings problems: it's weather-dependent, it exposes the food to contaminants like dust and insects, and it's surprisingly time-consuming, as the women need to guard their produce from scavenging animals, both wild and domestic. In Adogo, where the majority of Benue State's peppers and tomatoes originate but which has no nearby market or processing industry, the smallholder farmers faced a lose-lose situation: either inefficiently dry their produce in the sun, or sell it at giveaway prices before it rotted. All too often the food went bad, just because the farmers lacked a safe, sanitary, reliable method of preserving their produce.
Enter Pricilla Achakpa, a celebrated environmentalist and Executive Director of Women Environmental Programme (WEP) in Nigeria. In 2017, Achakpa was invited to the University of Glasgow for a meeting of Sustainable Futures in Africa (SFA). There she heard a fellow SFA member, Dr. Deepa Pullanikkatil, present on climate change adaptation technologies that were used in a project in Malawi. One technology mentioned by Dr. Pullanikkatil made a particular impression on Achakpa: the Solar Dryer Tent. Here was a simple construction, similar to a greenhouse, that would not only allow produce to be dried quickly, safely and hygienically, but which had already been successfully implemented in Malawi, where it was used to dry fish. Achakpa knew at once that she was on to something that could change lives in rural Nigerian communities like Adogo.
Three months later, Achakpa and Pullanikkatil met again, this time at an SFA conference in Nigeria. This time Pullanikkatil brought along a model of a Solar Dryer Tent as well as a how-to construction video. Achakpa brought these to Adogo, where the farmers responded with overwhelming positivity. They recognized a priceless opportunity to stop their produce from rotting, meaning they would be able to dry enough food to last all year, and also to sell preserved goods at fair prices rather than offloading it dirt-cheap before it rotted. With the community whole-heartedly on board, WEP delegated a team to strategize with the villagers in a consultative meeting.
The people of Adogo committed to providing land for the tent as well as labour, wood, sand, water and cement. WEP would provide the necessary funds as well as bricks, tin roofing sheets, plastic sheets, nets and other materials. To oversee the construction of their tent, the community formed a project Implementation Committee consisting of local masons, carpenters, church leaders, enthusiastic youths and the community head, Zakki, who mobilised people and played a supervisory role.
Construction began in July 2018 and was completed a month later. The result was a tent built 21 feet wide and 32 feet long, with a 2-foot deep foundation. The walls, made of burnt bricks, stand 5 feet high, giving the tent a strong foundation and protecting it from animals, wind and flooding. The wooden pillars bring the height of the tent up to 7 feet, with galvanized aluminium sheets used for roofing. These sheets absorb sunlight, and the heat they generate is retained by hard polythene sheets used as walls, with vents for circulation. Inside the tent are double-decker racks, each 4 feet wide and 22 feet long, covered with polythene and netting on which produce can be left to dry with minimal monitoring from the farmers, freeing them up to tend to other duties.
The community have reported that their produce dries faster in the Solar Dryer Tent than it did outdoors, and that the nutritional properties of the produce are better retained. The Solar Tent Dryer is cost-effective, easy to build (requiring only semi-skilled labour), and suitable for rural areas of Nigeria where subsistence farming is highly concentrated. The widespread use of Solar Dryer Tents would have a huge impact, enhancing the storage of produce during harvests and reducing post-harvest losses, all of which means an increase in the availability of food and a major reduction in food waste.
Safer, healthier, more abundant food for the people of Adogo to consume and sell, and a permanent structure to ensure continued success into the future. It's easy to see why Zaki Linus Asorzwa, the district head of Adogo, called the Solar Dryer Tent a "momentous milestone for the good of the community" as he expressed his gratitude to WEP for their efforts. But it was not WEP alone that turned the tide in Adogo; it was the result of a collaboration between WEP and the community, as well as a fortuitous meeting between Achakpa and Dr. Pullanikkatil. Thinking back on it, Pullanikkatil says, "It is heartening to know that a simple conversation and meeting through SFA in Glasgow helped transfer this technology to Nigeria and is now helping communities there."
You can see a short documentary about Adogo's Solar Dryer Tent here: https://youtu.be/jT4usNwpSkg
After Lagos: Reflections and New Horizons in the SFA
The line between the personal and the professional is one that is more defined for some than others - what we feel versus what we think, what we love versus what we do. The line between the past and future is also held (in the present moment) differently from person to person. For some, the present is contingent on the past, seen through the eyes of, and felt through the experiences of, the past. For others, the present is made up of what is seen around you now; and is a stance that is looking towards the future, able to see it best if looking directly at it, with one's back to the past. As I reflect on my work in international contexts, with development and sustainability related projects and partners, and in particular with my colleagues across the Sustainable Futures in Africa Network over the past weeks and years, I realise that those lines between personal and professional, and between past and future, become ever harder to make out, ever more slippery. My personal, my history and inheritance, my instincts and emotions, my profession and my expertise seem entirely entangled. It is with this recognition that I share the following statement, taken in part from an opening address to our recent symposium, and in part from a period of reflection in the immediate aftermath.
by mvgilmour
Prioritizing the Challenges to the Development of Mining Communities in Nigeria
Prioritizing the Challenges to the Development of Mining Communities in Nigeria.
Sustainable Futures in Africa researchers from Obafemi Awolowo University and Women Environmental Programme headed to Komu-Igbojaye-Babaode Mining Communities in Oyo State to experiment methodologically to uncover the socio-ecological impact of the mining on the local community.
You can find a snapshot of the trial below, where a drone was used to gather geographical information to support the data analysis.
A detailed report from our last research trial is here for more information: https://sustainablefuturesinafrica.files.wordpress.com/2017/05/itagunmodi.pdf
SFA researchers from Obafemi Awolowo University and Women Environmental Programme conducted field trials in the Isoya Community, Western Nigeria to explore the use of rituals in agriculture: the indigenous practice of using dead dogs to control termites in cocoa farmlands.
Cocoa is the leading agricultural export of Nigeria, the country is currently the world's fourth-largest producer of cocoa, yet termite control becomes the major challenge for the plant cultivation. Though existent agricultural practice provides a range of plant protection solutions, the Nigerian farmers prefer to employ native rituals.
Various beliefs guide the norm of ritual practice in Nigeria. The tradition of using the dead flesh in agriculture has been restricted in the country, yet farmers claim this method to be the most effective to prevent termites invasion and keep on practising this ritual through the restriction.
For the local farmers, this practice has a dual meaning: rational and spiritual. Rationally, they use decaying flesh to bring ants to the field in order to exterminate termites. For this, the farmers palm-oil dead dogs and bury animals on every corner of the field. Spiritually, the farmers believe in a mysterious connection between dogs and termites that adds particular significance to the practice.
An interdisciplinary analysis will be conducted on this data during the upcoming Symposium and results will be shared shortly.
Scoping Trial, Nigeria
Scoping Trials
Sustainable Futures in Africa is an interdisciplinary collective aiming to build understanding, research, and practice in socio-ecological sustainability in Africa. In order for relationships to be built, methodologies to be explored, and to achieve the shared understanding that is aspired for, the SFA network is running trial research projects. These are being run with an emphasis on the trial and error aspect, for researchers to explore the unfamiliar, social scientists exploring hard science and vice versa. Furthermore colleagues in Glasgow will take every opportunity to work with the projects in Nigeria, Uganda, and Botswana as they develop.
The Nigerian research trial will take place in Autumn 2017 with a collaborative partnership including:
Prof Joshua Olusola Akande, Obafemi Awolowo University
Ms Kyauta Agmadalo Giwa, Women Environmental Programme
Priscilla M Achakpa, Executive Director, Women Environmental Programme
Professor Sola Ajayi, Obafemi Awolowo University
Professor Dixon Torimiro, Obafemi Awolowo University
Dr Brian Barret, University of Glasgow
The Research Question has been defined as: Prioritizing Challenges to the Development Of Mining Communities In Nigeria: The Case of Itagunmodi (Osun State) and Komu-Igbojaye-Babaode (Oyo State).
Research Trial update, Nov 2017
The Nigerian research team is on the move again. After the exciting and memorable visit to Itagunmodi Atakumosa West in Osun state in July. The team is paying another visit this winter to other mining communities situated at Oyo State in the Southwest Nigeria, namely Igbojaye - Komu and Baba-ode, where we will be familiarizing and interacting with the community members and stakeholders.
The aim of this research is to experiment methodologically in trying to uncover the socio-ecological impact of the mining on the local community. You can find a detailed report from our last research trial here for more information: https://sustainablefuturesinafrica.files.wordpress.com/2017/05/itagunmodi.pdf
Reflections from Ten Years of working in Climate Change Adaptation
Reporting on: Future Experiences | Glasgow School of Art (Expert Day 2)
FROM LILONGWE TO GLASGOW: CRAFTING A CAREER PATH
Dr Mia Perry; TedX Interview – Sustainable Futures in Africa on TEDx Reflections: HOW CAN I CONTRIBUTE TO SUSTAINABLE COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT?
Tapping into local people's knowledge for environmental sustainability – Sustainable Futures in Africa on ECOaction
Reduce, Reuse, Recycle! – Sustainable Futures in Africa on ECOaction
Reagan Kandole – Sustainable Futures in Africa on ECOaction
Creating Sustainable Community Partnerships in Botswana – Sustainable Futures in Africa on Scoping Trial, Botswana
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Malawi Hub
Scotland Hub
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Partner Organisations and funding bodies
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Allonautilus és un gènere de mol·luscs cefalòpodes de la família Nautilidae que conté dues espècies de nàutils que difereixen significativament en aspectes de morfologia de les altres espècies que formen part del gènere germà Nautilus. Actualment es creu que Allonautilus és un descendent de Nautilus.

Taxonomia
El gènere Allonautilus inclou dues espècies, una d'elles dubtosa:

 Allonautilus scrobiculatus (Lightfoot, 1786)
 Allonautilus perforatus (Conrad, 1847) (nomen dubium)

Referències

Nàutils

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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New Year resolutions that will help you get the most out of your garden in 2022
Dog owners could face a £1000 fine for breaking these rules
The 32 South Tyneside businesses awarded four and five-star food hygiene ratings since August, according to the Food Standards Agency
A total of 32 premises across South Tyneisde have been rated 4 and 5 stars for food hygiene since August.
By Georgina Cutler
Friday, 19th November 2021, 4:55 am
Take a look at these South Tyneside businesses awarded 4 or 5 star hygiene ratings.
Inspectors have awarded these South Tyneside establishments four and five star food hygiene ratings after visiting the venues.
A five-star rating is top of the scale, and means "the hygiene standards are very good" and fully comply with the law, while a four star rating means "hygiene standards are good."
Scroll down to read the full list of five-star and four-star rated businesses in postcode order.
Cafe 42 on Chapter Row, South Shields.
The Lakeside Inn, Leam Lane, Jarrow, NE10 8YD – rated 5 stars on August 20, 2021.
Quality Pizza, Frobisher Street, Hebburn, NE31 2XB – rated 5 stars on September 24, 2021.
50 Dean Road, NE33 4DZ. Rated 5.
Robertsons Cakery, Witton Road, Hebburn, NE31 1SN – rated 5 stars on August 26, 2021.
Finchale Road Post Office & Newsagent, Finchale Road Post Office, Finchale Road, Hebburn, NE31 2JT – rated 5 stars on September 7, 2021.
Jarrow Buffs, Ellison Street, Jarrow, NE32 3JX – rated 5 stars on September 7, 2021.
C J's Premier Convenience, Valley View, Jarrow, NE32 5QT – rated 5 stars on September 9, 2021.
Pizza Cottage, Ellison Street, Jarrow, NE32 3HX – rated 5 stars on September 23, 2021.
'Grace Place' cafe opens in South Shields town centre offering food, drink, warm...
Gators Diner, Queen Street, South Shields, NE33 1HW – rated 4 stars on August 2, 2021.
Jumbo Jim, Garwood Street, South Shields, NE33 5AG – rated 5 stars on August 2, 2021.
Cafe 42, Chapter Row, South Shields, NE33 1BN – rated 5 stars on August 5, 2021.
Dolly Peel, Commercial Road, South Shields, NE33 1SQ – rated 5 stars on August 9, 2021.
Chicken N Grill, Denmark Centre, Fowler Street, South Shields, NE33 2LR – rated 4 stars on August 12, 2021.
The Clifton, Ocean Road, South Shields, NE33 2JL – rated 5 stars on August 16, 2021.
Quasar, Sea Road, South Shields, NE33 2LD – rated 5 stars on August 16, 2021.
Cafe at the House, Laygate, South Shields, NE33 4JD – rated 5 stars on September 3, 2021.
River View, Mill Dam, South Shields – rated 5 stars on September 6, 2021.
Raads Take-away, Imeary Street, South Shields, NE33 4EG – rated 5 stars on September 10, 2021.
Tandoori Internationale, Ocean Road, South Shields, NE33 2JL – rated 4 stars on September 15, 2021.
The New Crown, Mowbray Road, South Shields, NE33 3NG – rated 5 stars on September 17, 2021.
Lasun Indian Cuisine, Dean Road, South Shields, NE33 4DZ – rated 5 stars on September 17, 2021.
Radhuni, Ocean Road, South Shields, NE33 2JD – rated 5 stars on September 25, 2021.
Bun Bun Restaurant & Bar, St Hilda Street, South Shields, NE33 1QD – rated 5 stars on September 20, 2021.
Up North Deli & Pizzeria, Village Centre, Sea Winnings Way, South Shields, NE33 3PE – rated 5 stars on September 28, 2021.
Grace Place, Denmark Centre, Fowler Street, South Shields, NE33 2LR – rated 5 stars on November 8, 2021.
Green Lane News, Green Lane, South Shields, NE34 0TE – rated 5 stars on September 7, 2021.
Namaste, Kings Prosecco Lounge, King George Road, South Shields, NE34 8AQ – rated 4 stars on September 28, 2021.
Sea View Chop Suey House, Boldon Lane, South Shields, NE34 0BY – rated 5 on October 14, 2021.
New Blossom House, North Road, Boldon Colliery, NE35 9AR – rated 5 stars on September 14, 2021.
Red Lantern, Boldon Ale House, North Road, Boldon Colliery, NE35 9AF – rated 4 stars on September 30, 2021.
Pat's Cafe, Cleadon Lane Industrial Estate, East Boldon, NE36 0AH – rated 5 stars on August 23, 2021.
No4, St Bedes, East Boldon, NE36 0LE – rated 5 stars on September 16, 2021.
Reds Cake Box, East Street, Whitburn, SR6 7BY – rated 4 stars on August 9, 2021.
South ShieldsSouth TynesideInspectors
Metro offers artists 'audience of millions' with chance to decorate new fleet of trains
Catch this key to a new home as it falls from space today
Used car buying: half of drivers ignore these essential checks


When Escentual.com has 20% off the entire site, things get dangerous. When you add that I had some pretty pennies into the mix, things escalated quickly. Very quickly. The mist descended and before I knew what had happened, two new gems from Dior were winging their way to me.
I saw this at the Dior counter a few weeks ago and kept thinking about it. No, I didn't need another bronze shadow but this is really lovely. It's similar to MAC Woodwinked but a little richer in colour. In the photo below I'm wearing it all over the lid and I love how sheeny it is. A must for blue eyes.
This. This is amazing. The colour is so perfect to just slick on safe in the knowledge it will go with everything. It feels so tingly and minty when you apply it, and for a gloss it isn't that sticky. Amazing. Recommend this so much.
Have you picked up anything nice lately?


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In the Margins
Oppenheimer to shut 20-year-old commodities fund
By The Wall Street Journal
OppenheimerFunds Inc. is shutting down its nearly 20-year-old commodities fund following years of losses and underperformance. The firm will liquidate the $269 million Commodity Strategy Total Return Fund in mid-July. "We continue to believe in the merit of an investment strategy that includes exposure to commodities; but as investors' appetite for this asset class has evolved over time, we believe such a strategy can best be implemented as a component of diversified multi-asset portfolios," Mark Hamilton, CIO of asset allocation, said. Read the original story from The Wall Street Journal.


I can't bring myself to click the sing-along homophobia link, because I just don't have the energy to headdesk repeatedly right now. I would, however, proudly wear a 'Fred Phelps Hates Me' t-shirt. :D A 'Thank God Fred Phelps Hates Me' t-shirt also has an amusing ring to it on several levels.


It's incredible to believe that we are about to enter November. I mean, where has this year gone that we are already on Weekly Meal Plan #43?
I can't wait to make this week's recipes. Ribs are always a favorite around here and I am all about using my slow cooker whenever I can.
Of course, life wouldn't be as sweet without dessert! Halloween Potato Chip Haystacks are a fun way to have fun on Halloween. The batch is large enough that you will have plenty to eat the rest of the week, too.
Time to get busy with Weekly Meal Plan #43!
Fall is in full swing! These Simple Pumpkin Pancakes from Organized Island are a great way to celebrate a fall morning! So easy to make too, with just a few ingredients.
Not quite ready for Monday? Put your slow cooker to work today to help you get these tasty Slow Cooker Tacos from My Fearless Kitchen. What an awesome way to start the week!
This Creamy Baked Crab Macaroni and Cheese from The Shirley Journey will have your family asking for more. Talk about some tasty comfort food!
Another busy week? These Sweet and Spicy BBQ Ribs from Kimmi's Dairyland are a nice addition to your week! Nicely glazed and roasted to perfection!
It's FriYAY! Celebrate the moments of the week with your family with this tasty Slow Cooker Jambalaya from The Crumby Kitchen.
Get the family excited for Halloween with these cute Halloween Potato Chip Haystacks from Desserts Required. So easy and cute!


The hotel is a great choice when it comes to picking a hotel in Orlando. A variety of restaurants and bars can be found in the vicinity. It is just 2.5 km close from the Orlando Convention Center, as well as being convenient to the city's famed theme parks, including Walt Disney World, SeaWorld, and Universal Studios, and great shopping malls. The Kennedy Space Center is about a 45-minute drive away.


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Baldwin II, Latin Emperor
This article includes a list of references, but its sources remain unclear because it has insufficient inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (March 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Baldwin II
Seal of Baldwin II
Latin Emperor of Constantinople
(in exile 1261-1273)
Robert of Courtenay
Philip I
c. 1217
Marie of Brienne
Philip of Courtenay
House of Courtenay
Peter II of Courtenay
Yolanda of Flanders
Baldwin II, also known as Baldwin of Courtenay or Baldwin the Broke (French: Baudouin de Courtenay; late 1217 – October 1273), was the last Latin Emperor ruling from Constantinople.
2 Ancestors
Biography[edit]
Baldwin II was born in Constantinople (the only Latin emperor to be born there), a younger son of Yolanda of Flanders, sister of the first two emperors, Baldwin I and Henry of Flanders,[1] her husband, Peter of Courtenay, was third emperor of the Latin Empire, and had been followed by his son Robert of Courtenay, on whose death in 1228 the succession passed to Baldwin, then an 11-year-old boy.[1]
The barons chose John of Brienne as emperor-regent for life.[1] Baldwin was also to marry Marie of Brienne, daughter of John and his third wife Berenguela of Leon, and on John's death to enjoy the full imperial sovereignty; the marriage contract was carried out in 1234. Since the death of Baldwin's uncle Emperor Henry in 1216, the Latin Empire had declined and the Byzantine (Nicene) power advanced; and the hopes that John of Brienne might restore it were disappointed.
The Holy Crown of Jesus Christ was bought by Louis IX from Baldwin II. It is preserved today in a 19th-century reliquary, in Notre-Dame Cathedral, Paris.
The realm Baldwin governed was little more than the city of Constantinople,[1] he adopted the Byzantine title of porphyrogenetos.[1] His financial situation was desperate, and his life was chiefly occupied in begging at European courts, he went to the West in 1236, visited Rome, France and Flanders, trying to raise money and men to recover the lost territory of his realm. In 1237, with the support of the King of France and the Countess of Flanders, he chased his sister Margaret from power to become the next Count of Namur, but Baldwin was practically never present, and after the invasion and conquest of Namur by Henry V, Count of Luxembourg in 1256, he sold the rights on the County to his cousin Guy, Count of Flanders.
In around March 1238, Baldwin II's regency council pawned the Crown of Thorns to the Venetian Podestà of Constantinople for 13,134 hyperpera from a "consortium of creditors",[2] his efforts met with success, and in 1240 he returned to Constantinople (through Germany and Hungary) at the head of a considerable army. Circumstances hindered him from accomplishing anything with this help, and in 1245 he traveled again to the West, first to Italy and then to France, where he spent two years; the empress Marie and Philip of Toucy governed during his absence. He was happy to be able to get money from King Louis IX in exchange for relics. In 1249 he was with King Louis at Damietta.
Capetian dynasty Cadets
Direct Capetians
House of Burgundy
House of Dreux
House of Artois
Capetian House of Anjou
House of Bourbon
House of Valois
House of Évreux
The extremity of his financial straits reduced him soon afterwards to handing over his only son, Philip, to Venetian merchants as a pledge for loans of money. Philip was later redeemed by Alfonso X of Castile; the rest of his reign was spent by Baldwin in mendicant tours in western Europe.
On the night of 24 July 1261, a group of soldiers under Alexios Strategopoulos managed to enter Constantinople through a secret passageway and captured the city. Baldwin was asleep in the Blachernae Palace when the noise of the fighting awoke him; upon seeing the Byzantine troops advance upon him, he fled in such haste that he left his crown and sceptre behind him. Baldwin made his way to the harbor where he boarded a Venetian galley to Negropont.[3] From there he proceeded to Athens, thence to Apulia, finally to France; as titular emperor, his role was still the same, to beg help from the western powers. In 1267 he went to Italy; his hopes were centred on Charles of Anjou. Charles seriously entertained the idea of conquering Constantinople, though his efforts were destroyed during the Sicilian Vespers, an event perhaps engineered by Michael VIII Palaeologus of Constantinople. To this intent, he signed the Treaty of Viterbo with Baldwin (May 1267). During the next year Baldwin and his son Philip lived on pensions from Charles. In October 1273 Philip married Beatrice, daughter of Charles, at Foggia. A few days later Baldwin died in Naples. Under Baldwin II, Constantinople's population had fallen to a mere 35,000 people.
Ancestors[edit]
Ancestors of Baldwin II, Latin Emperor
8. Louis VI of France
4. Peter I of Courtenay
9. Adelaide of Maurienne
2. Peter II of Courtenay
10. Renaud de Courtenay
5. Elisabeth de Courtenay
11. Hawise du Donjon
1. Baldwin II, Latin Emperor
12. Baldwin IV, Count of Hainaut
6. Baldwin V, Count of Hainaut
13. Alice of Namur
3. Yolanda of Flanders
14. Thierry, Count of Flanders
7. Margaret I, Countess of Flanders
15. Sibylla of Anjou
^ a b c d e Rosser 2001, p. 239.
^ Lock 2013, p. 183.
^ Nicol 1993, p. 35.
Bury, John Bagnell (1911). "Baldwin II." . In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. 3 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 245.
Harris, Jonathan, Byzantium and the Crusades, Bloomsbury, 2nd ed., 2014. ISBN 978-1-78093-767-0
Lock, Peter (2013). The Franks in the Aegean: 1204-1500. Routledge. ISBN 978-1317899723.
Nicol, Donald M. (1993). The Last Centuries of Byzantium, 1261-1453 (2 ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0521439916.
Rosser, John H. (2001). Historical Dictionary of Byzantium. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0810866218.
Wolff, Robert L. (1954). "Mortgage and Redemption of an Emperor's Son: Castile and the Latin Empire of Constantinople". Speculum. 29 (29): 45–84. doi:10.2307/2853868.
Born: 1217 Died: October 1273
Royal titles
Robert Latin Emperor of Constantinople
with John of Brienne (1229–1237) Succeeded by
Michael VIII Palaiologos
as Byzantine Emperor
Margaret Margrave of Namur
Titles in pretence
Loss of title
Loss of Constantinople
— TITULAR —
Monarchs of the Latin Empire of Constantinople
Reigning emperors
Baldwin I
regencies of Yolanda, Conon de Béthune, and Giovanni Colonna
Robert I
Baldwin II (with John of Brienne as guardian and senior co-emperor)
Titular emperors
Catherine I (with Charles)
Catherine II (with Philip II)
Robert II
Philip III
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Baldwin_II,_Latin_Emperor&oldid=893163665"
13th-century Latin Emperors of Constantinople
Christians of the Crusades
Capetian House of Courtenay
Latin Emperors of Constantinople
Margraves of Namur
Medieval child rulers
13th-century rulers in Europe
Articles lacking in-text citations from March 2013
Use dmy dates from June 2013
Baldwin I, Latin Emperor
Baldwin I was the first emperor of the Latin Empire of Constantinople. As Count of Flanders and Hainaut, he was one of the most prominent leaders of the Fourth Crusade, which resulted in the sack of Constantinople and the conquest of large parts of the Byzantine Empire, the foundation of the Latin Empire, he lost his final battle to Kaloyan, the emperor of Bulgaria, spent his last days as his prisoner. Baldwin was the son of Baldwin V, Count of Hainaut, Margaret I, Countess of Flanders; when the childless Flemish count Philip of Alsace left on the last of his personal crusades in 1177, he designated his brother-in-law Baldwin his heir. When Philip returned in 1179 after an unsuccessful siege of Harim during a joint campaign on behalf of the Principality of Antioch, he was designated as the chief adviser of prince Philip II Augustus by his sickly father Louis VII of France. One year Philip of Alsace had his protégé married to his niece, Isabelle of Hainaut, offering the County of Artois and other Flemish territories as dowry, much to the dismay of Baldwin V.
In 1180, war broke out between Philip II and his mentor, resulting in the devastation of Picardy and Île-de-France. Count Philip's wife Elisabeth died in 1183, Philip Augustus seized the province of Vermandois on behalf of Elisabeth's sister, Eleonore. Philip remarried, to Matilda of Portugal. Philip gave Matilda a dower of a number of major Flemish towns, in an apparent slight to Baldwin V. Fearing that he would be surrounded by the royal domain of France and the County of Hainaut, Count Philip signed a peace treaty with Philip Augustus and Count Baldwin V on 10 March 1186, recognizing the cession of Vermandois to the king, although he was allowed to retain the title Count of Vermandois for the remainder of his life. Philip died without further issue of disease on the Third Crusade at the siege of Acre in 1191, he was succeeded in Flanders by Baldwin V of Hainaut, although the two had been on uncordial terms since the 1186 treaty. Baldwin V thereupon ruled as Baldwin VIII of Flanders by right of marriage.
When Countess Margaret I died in 1194, Flanders descended to her eldest son Baldwin, who ruled as Baldwin IX, Count of Flanders. In 1186, the younger Baldwin had married Marie, daughter of Henry I, Count of Champagne, Marie of France; the chronicler Gislebert describes Baldwin as being infatuated with his young bride, who preferred prayer to the marital bed. After this arrangement, the count of Hainaut's son Baldwin, thirteen years old, received as wife Marie, the count of Champagne's sister, twelve years old, at Château-Thierry; this Marie began sufficiently young to devote herself to divine obedience in prayers, vigils and alms. Her husband Baldwin, a young knight, by chaste living, scorning all other women, began to love her alone with a fervent love, found in any man, so that he devoted himself to his sole wife only and was content with her alone; the solemn rejoicing of the wedding was celebrated at Valenciennes with an abundance of knights and ladies and men of whatever status. Through Marie, Baldwin had additional connections and obligations to the defenders of the Holy Land: her brother Henry II of Champagne had been King of Jerusalem in the 1190s.
Marie's uncles Richard I of England and Philip II of France had just been on the Third Crusade. Baldwin's own family had been involved in the defence of Jerusalem: his uncle Philip had died on Crusade. Baldwin's maternal grandmother was great-aunt of Queen Isabella I of Jerusalem and the Counts of Flanders had tried to help Jerusalem relatives in their struggle. Baldwin wanted to continue the tradition. Margaret died in 1194, the younger Baldwin became Count of Flanders, his father died the next year, he succeeded to Hainaut. Baldwin took possession of a much-reduced Flanders, lessened by the large chunk, including Artois, given by Philip of Alsace as dowry to Baldwin's sister Isabelle of Hainaut, another significant piece to his own wife. Isabelle had died in 1190, but King Philip still retained her dowry, on behalf of Isabelle's son, the future Louis VIII of France; the eight years of Baldwin's rule in Flanders were dominated by his attempts to recover some of this land. After Philip II of France took Baldwin's brother, Philippe of Namur, Baldwin was forced to agree to a truce to ensure his safety.
The Treaty of Péronne was signed in January 1200 on the condition that Baldwin receive the territories he had won during the war. Baldwin was made the vassal of Philip II, the king returned portions of Artois to Baldwin. In this fight against the French king, Baldwin allied with others who had quarrels with Philip, including kings Richard I and John of England, the German King Otto IV. A month after the treaty, on Ash Wednesday 1200 in the town of Bruges, Baldwin took the cross, meaning he committed to embark on a crusade, he spent the next two years preparing leaving on 14 April 1202. As part of his effort to leave his domains in good order, Baldwin issued two notable charters for Hainaut. One detailed an extensive criminal code, appears to be based on a now-lost charter of his father; the other laid down specific rules for inheritance. These are an important part of the legal tradition in Belgium. Baldwin left behind his pregnant wife, Countess Marie. Marie was regent for Baldwin for the two years she remained in Flanders and
Hyperpyron
The hyperpyron was a Byzantine coin in use during the late Middle Ages, replacing the solidus as the Byzantine Empire's gold coinage. The traditional gold currency of the Byzantine Empire had been the solidus or nomisma, whose gold content had remained steady at 24 carats for seven centuries and was highly prized. From the 1030s, the coin was debased, until in the 1080s, following the military disasters and civil wars of the previous decade, its gold content was reduced to zero. In 1092, Emperor Alexios I Komnenos undertook a drastic overhaul of the Byzantine coinage system and introduced a new gold coin, the hyperpyron; this was of the same standard weight as the solidus, but of less gold content due to the recycling of earlier debased coins. The hyperpyron remained the standard gold coin until gold coins ceased to be minted by the Byzantines in the mid-14th century, it too, was subject to gradual debasement: under the Empire of Nicaea, its gold content fell to 18 carats, under Michael VIII Palaiologos to 15 and under his son and successor Andronikos II Palaiologos to 12 carats.
At the same time, the quality of the coins declined as well, in the 14th century, their weight was far from uniform. The last hyperpyra, thus the last Byzantine gold coins, were struck by Emperor John VI Kantakouzenos; the name remained in use thereafter as a money of account, divided into 24 keratia. The name was adopted in various forms by Western Europeans and the Slavic countries of the Balkans designating various coins silver, as well as moneys of account. More in the West the hyperpyron was called the bezant among Italian merchants. In the early Komnenian period, the hyperpyron was the equivalent of three electrum trachea, 48 billon trachea or 864 copper tetartera, although with the debasement of the trachea it came to rate 12 electrum trachea and 288 to 384 billon trachea. In the 14th century, the hyperpyron equalled 12 of the new silver basilika, 96 tournesia, 384 copper trachea and 768 copper assaria. Medieval Bulgarian coinage Ragusan perpera Serbian perper Grierson, Philip. Byzantine Coinage.
Washington, DC: Dumbarton Oaks. ISBN 978-0-88402-274-9. Archived from the original on 2013-12-14. Kazhdan, Alexander, ed.. The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-504652-6. Grierson, Philip. Byzantine Coins. London: Methuen. ISBN 978-0-416-71360-2. Hendy, Michael F.. The Economy, Fiscal Administration and Coinage of Byzantium. London: Variorum Reprints. ISBN 0-86078-253-0. Hendy, Michael F.. Studies in the Byzantine Monetary Economy c. 300–1450. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-24715-2
House of Capet
The House of Capet or the Direct Capetians and called the House of France, or the Capets, ruled the Kingdom of France from 987 to 1328. It was the most senior line of the Capetian dynasty – itself a derivative dynasty from the Robertians. Historians in the 19th century came to apply the name "Capetian" to both the ruling house of France and to the wider-spread male-line descendants of Hugh Capet. Contemporaries did not use the name "Capetian"; the Capets were sometimes called "the third race of kings". The name "Capet" derives from the nickname given to Hugh, the first Capetian King, who became known as Hugh Capet; the direct line of the House of Capet came to an end in 1328, when the three sons of Philip IV all failed to produce surviving male heirs to the French throne. With the death of Charles IV, the throne passed to the House of Valois, descended from a younger brother of Philip IV. Royal power would pass to another Capetian branch, the House of Bourbon, descended from the youngest son of Louis IX, to a Bourbon cadet branch, the House of Orléans, always remaining in the hands of agnatic descendants of Hugh Capet.
The first Capetian monarch was Hugh Capet, a Frankish nobleman from the Île-de-France, following the death of Louis V of France – the last Carolingian King – secured the throne of France by election. He proceeded to make it hereditary in his family, by securing the election and coronation of his son, Robert II, as co-King; the throne thus passed securely to Robert on his father's death, who followed the same custom – as did many of his early successors. The Capetian Kings were weak rulers of the Kingdom – they directly ruled only small holdings in the Île-de-France and the Orléanais, all of which were plagued with disorder; the House of Capet was, fortunate enough to have the support of the Church, – with the exception of Philip I, Louis IX and the short-lived John the Posthumous – were able to avoid the problems of underaged kingship. Under Louis VII'the Young', the House of Capet rose in their power in France – Louis married Aliénor, the heiress of the Duchy of Aquitaine, so became Duke – an advantage, eagerly grasped by Louis VI'the Fat', Louis the Young's father, when Aliénor's father had asked of the King in his Will to secure a good marriage for the young Duchess.
However, the marriage – and thus one avenue of Capetian aggrandisement – failed: the couple produced only two daughters, suffered marital discord. Louis VIII – the eldest son and heir of Philip Augustus – married Blanche of Castile, a granddaughter of Aliénor of Aquitaine and Henry II of England. In her name, he claimed the crown of England, invading at the invitation of the English Barons, being acclaimed – though, it would be stressed, not crowned – as King of England. However, the Capetians failed to establish themselves in England – Louis was forced to sign the Treaty of Lambeth, which decreed that he had never been King of England, the Prince reluctantly returned to his wife and father in France. More for his dynasty, he would during his brief reign conquer Poitou, some of the lands of the Pays d'Oc, declared forfeit from their former owners by the Pope as part of the Albigensian Crusade; these lands were added to the French crown. Louis IX – Saint Louis – succeeded Louis VIII as a child.
She had been chosen by her grandmother, Aliénor, to marry the French heir, considered a more suitable a Queen of the Franks than her sister Urraca. Louis, proved a acclaimed King – though he expended much money and effort on the Crusades, only for it to go to waste, as a King of the Franks he was admired for his austerity, bravery and his devotion to France. Dynastically, he established two notable Capetian Houses: the House of Anjou, the House of Bourbon. At the death of Louis IX (who shortl
Notre-Dame de Paris known as Notre-Dame Cathedral or Notre-Dame, is a medieval Catholic cathedral on the Île de la Cité in the fourth arrondissement of Paris, France. The cathedral is considered to be one of the finest examples of French Gothic architecture; the innovative use of the rib vault and flying buttress, the enormous and colorful rose windows, the naturalism and abundance of its sculptural decoration all set it apart from earlier Romanesque architecture. The cathedral was begun in 1160 and completed by 1260, though it was modified in the following centuries. In the 1790s, Notre-Dame suffered desecration during the French Revolution when much of its religious imagery was damaged or destroyed. Soon after the publication of Victor Hugo's novel The Hunchback of Notre Dame in 1831, popular interest in the building revived. A major restoration project supervised by Eugène Viollet-le-Duc began in 1845 and continued for twenty-five years. Beginning in 1963, the facade of the Cathedral was cleaned of centuries of soot and grime, returning it to its original color.
Another campaign of cleaning and restoration was carried out from 1991-2000. As the cathedral of the Archdiocese of Paris, Notre-Dame contains the cathedra of the Archbishop of Paris. 12 million people visit Notre-Dame yearly. The Cathedral of Notre-Dame de Paris was built on a site which in Roman Lutetia is believed to have been occupied by a pagan temple, thence by a Romanesque church, the Basilica of Saint Étienne, built between the 4th century and 7th century; the basilica was situated about 40 meters west of the cathedral and was wider and lower and half its size. King Louis VII of France wanted to build monuments to show that Paris was the political and cultural capital of France. In this context, Maurice de Sully, elevated Bishop in 1160, had the old basilica torn down to its foundations, began to build a larger and taller cathedral; the cornerstone was laid in 1163 in the presence of Pope Alexander III. The design followed the traditional plan, with the ambulatory and choir, where the altar was located, to the east, the entrance, facing the setting sun, to the west.
By long tradition, the choir, where the altar was located, was constructed first, so that the church could be consecrated and used long before it was completed. The original plan was for a long nave, four levels high, with no transept; the flying buttress was not yet in use, so the walls were thick and reinforced by solid stone abutments placed against them on the outside, by chapels placed between the abutments. The roof of the nave was constructed with a new technology, the rib vault, which had earlier been used in the Basilica of Saint Denis; the roof of the nave was supported by crossed ribs. The pointed arches were stronger than the earlier Romanesque arches, carried the weight of the roof outwards and downwards to rows of pillars, out to the abutments against the walls. Construction of the choir took from 1163 until around 1177; the High Altar was consecrated in 1182. Between 1182 and 1190 the first three traverses of the nave were built up to the level of tribunes. Beginning in 1190, the bases of the facade were put in place, the first traverses were completed.
The decision was made to add a transept at the choir, where the altar was located, in order to bring more light into the center of the church. The use of simpler four-part rather than six-part rib vaults meant that the roofs were stronger and could be higher. After Bishop Maurice de Sully's death in 1196, his successor, Eudes de Sully oversaw the completion of the transepts, continued work on the nave, nearing completion at the time of his own death in 1208. By this time, the western facade was largely built, though it was not completed until around the mid-1240s. Between 1225 and 1250 the upper gallery of the nave was constructed, along with the two towers on the west facade. Another significant change came in the mid 13th century, when the transepts were remodeled in the latest Rayonnant style. Shortly afterwards Pierre de Montreuil executed a similar scheme on the southern transept. Both these transept portals were richly embellished with sculpture. An important innovation in the 13th century was the introduction of the flying buttress.
Before the buttresses, all of the weight of the roof pressed outward and down to the walls, the abutments supporting them. With the flying buttress, the weight was carried by the ribs of the vault outside the structure to a series of counter-supports, which were topped with stone pinnacles which gave them greater weight; the buttresses meant that the walls could be higher and thinner, could have much larger windows. The date of the first buttresses is not known with any precision; the first buttresses were replaced by stronger ones in the 14th century. 1160 Maurice de Sully orders the original cathedral demolished. 1163 Cornerstone laid for Notre-Dame de Paris. 1182 Apse and choir completed. 1196 Bishop Maurice de Sully dies. C.1
A dynasty is a sequence of rulers from the same family in the context of a feudal or monarchical system, but sometimes appearing in elective republics. Alternative terms for "dynasty" may include "family" and "clan", among others; the longest-surviving dynasty in the world is the Imperial House of Japan, otherwise known as the Yamato dynasty, whose reign is traditionally dated to 660 BC. The dynastic family or lineage may be known as a "noble house", which may be styled as "royal", "princely", "ducal", "comital" etc. depending upon the chief or present title borne by its members. Historians periodize the histories of numerous nations and civilizations, such as Ancient Egypt and Imperial China, using a framework of successive dynasties; as such, the term "dynasty" may be used to delimit the era during which a family reigned, to describe events and artifacts of that period. The word "dynasty" itself is dropped from such adjectival references; until the 19th century, it was taken for granted that a legitimate function of a monarch was to aggrandize his dynasty: that is, to expand the wealth and power of his family members.
Prior to the 20th century, dynasties throughout the world have traditionally been reckoned patrilineally, such as under the Frankish Salic law. In nations where it was permitted, succession through a daughter established a new dynasty in her husband's ruling house; this has changed in some places in Europe, where succession law and convention have maintained dynasties de jure through a female. For instance, the House of Windsor will be maintained through the children of Queen Elizabeth II, as it did with the monarchy of the Netherlands, whose dynasty remained the House of Orange-Nassau through three successive queens regnant; the earliest such example among major European monarchies was in the Russian Empire in the 18th century, where the name of the House of Romanov was maintained through Grand Duchess Anna Petrovna. In Limpopo Province of South Africa, Balobedu determined descent matrilineally, while rulers have at other times adopted the name of their mother's dynasty when coming into her inheritance.
Less a monarchy has alternated or been rotated, in a multi-dynastic system – that is, the most senior living members of parallel dynasties, at any point in time, constitute the line of succession. Not all feudal states or monarchies were/are ruled by dynasties. Throughout history, there were monarchs. Dynasties ruling subnational monarchies do not possess sovereign rights; the word "dynasty" is sometimes used informally for people who are not rulers but are, for example, members of a family with influence and power in other areas, such as a series of successive owners of a major company. It is extended to unrelated people, such as major poets of the same school or various rosters of a single sports team; the word "dynasty" derives from Latin dynastia, which comes from Greek dynastéia, where it referred to "power", "dominion", "rule" itself. It was the abstract noun of dynástēs, the agent noun of dynamis, "power" or "ability", from dýnamai, "to be able". A ruler from a dynasty is sometimes referred to as a "dynast", but this term is used to describe any member of a reigning family who retains a right to succeed to a throne.
For example, King Edward VIII ceased to be a dynast of the House of Windsor following his abdication. In historical and monarchist references to reigning families, a "dynast" is a family member who would have had succession rights, were the monarchy's rules still in force. For example, after the 1914 assassinations of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria and his morganatic wife Duchess Sophie von Hohenberg, their son Duke Maximilian was bypassed for the Austro-Hungarian throne because he was not a Habsburg dynast. Since the abolition of the Austrian monarchy, Duke Maximilian and his descendants have not been considered the rightful pretenders by Austrian monarchists, nor have they claimed that position; the term "dynast" is sometimes used only to refer to agnatic descendants of a realm's monarchs, sometimes to include those who hold succession rights through cognatic royal descent. The term can therefore describe distinct sets of people. For example, David Armstrong-Jones, 2nd Earl of Snowdon, a nephew of Queen Elizabeth II through her sister Princess Margaret, is in the line of succession to the British crown.
On the other hand, the German aristocrat Prince Ernst August of Hanover, a male-line descendant of King George III of the United Kingdom, possesses no legal British name, titles or styles. He was born in the line of succession to the British throne and was bound by Britain's Royal Marriages Act 1772 until it was repealed when the Succession to the Crown Act 2013 took effect on 26 March 2015. Thus, he requested and obtained formal permission from Queen Elizabeth II to marry the Roman Catholic Princess Caroline of Monaco in 1999. Yet, a clause of the English Act of Settlement 1701 remained in effect at that time, stipulating that dynasts who
Philippe de Toucy
Philippe de Toucy was a French Crusader nobleman. He was the son of Narjot de Toucy, a senior lord of the Latin Empire of Constantinople, a daughter of the Byzantine lord Theodore Branas and Agnes of France, Byzantine empress-dowager and a daughter of Louis VII of France. Like his father before him, Philippe served as regent of the Latin Empire during the absence of Emperor Baldwin II of Constantinople to Western Europe in 1243–48. Following the recapture of Constantinople by the Greek Empire of Nicaea in 1261, Philippe fled to France, where he joined the entourage of Charles of Anjou. From his marriage to Portia de Roye, he had two sons: Narjot de Toucy Othon de Toucy Jean Longnon, "Les Toucy en Orient et en Italie au XIIIe siècle" in Bulletin de La Société des Sciences Historiques et Naturelles de l'Yonne Medieval Lands Project
Latin Emperor
The Latin Emperor was the ruler of the Latin Empire, the historiographical convention for the Crusader realm, established in Constantinople after the Fourth Crusade and lasting until the city was recovered by the Byzantine Greeks in 1261. Its name derives from its Western European nature; the empire, whose official name was Imperium Romaniae, claimed the direct heritage of the Eastern Roman Empire, which had most of its lands taken and partitioned by the crusaders. This claim however was disputed by the Byzantine Greek successor states, the Empire of Nicaea, the Empire of Trebizond and the Despotate of Epirus. Out of these three, the Nicaeans succeeded in displacing the Latin emperors in 1261 and restored the Byzantine Empire. Baldwin II, in exile from Constantinople Philip I, his son Catherine I, his daughter, with... Charles, her husband Catherine II, their daughter, with... Philip II, her husband Robert II, their son Philip III, his brother James, his nephewJames of Baux willed his titular claims to Duke Louis I of Anjou claimant to the throne of Naples, but Louis and his descendants never used the title.
List of Latin empresses List of Roman emperors List of Byzantine emperors
Constantinople [videos]
Constantinople was the capital city of the Roman Empire, of the Byzantine Empire, and also of the brief Crusader state known as the Latin Empire, until finally falling to …
Aerial view of Byzantine Constantinople and the Propontis (Sea of Marmara).
This huge keystone found in Çemberlitaş, Fatih might have belonged to a triumphal arch at the Forum of Constantine; the forum was built by Constantine I in the quarter of modern-day Çemberlitaş.
Naples [videos]
Naples is the regional capital of Campania and the third-largest municipality in Italy after Rome and Milan. In 2017, around 967,069 people lived within …
Top:Panorama view of Mergellina Port, Mergellina, Chiaia area, over view of Mount Vesuvius, Second left:Naples Directional Center (Centro Direzionale di Napoli) and Spaccanapoli Street, Second right:Via Toledo Street, Third left:Naples Media Center, Third right:Castel Nuovo (Maschio Angioino), Bottom:View of Centro Direzionale di Napoli, from Naples Railroad Station
Mount Echia, the place where the polis of Parthenope arose
A scene featuring the siren Parthenope, the mythological founder of Naples
The Gothic Battle of Mons Lactarius on Vesuvius, painted by Alexander Zick
Latin Emperor [videos]
The Latin Emperor was the ruler of the Latin Empire, the historiographical convention for the Crusader realm, established in Constantinople after the Fourth Crusade and lasting until the city was recovered by the Byzantine Greeks in 1261. Its name derives from its Catholic and Western …
Last in Office Baldwin II Early 1228 – 24 July 1261
Seal of Catherine of Courtenay
Image: Baldwin I of Constantinople
Image: Eppignoc
Byzantine Empire [videos]
The Byzantine Empire, also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire and Byzantium, was the continuation of the Roman Empire in its eastern provinces during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, when its capital city was Constantinople. It survived …
The Baptism of Constantine painted by Raphael's pupils (1520–1524, fresco, Vatican City, Apostolic Palace); Eusebius of Caesarea records that Constantine delayed receiving baptism until shortly before his death.
Restored section of the Theodosian Walls
Empress Theodora and attendants (Mosaic from Basilica of San Vitale, 6th century).
Follis with Maurice in consular uniform.
Crown of thorns [videos]
According to three of the Gospels, a woven crown of thorns was placed on the head of Jesus during the events leading up to the crucifixion of Jesus. It was one of the instruments of the Passion, employed by Jesus' captors both to cause him pain and to mock his claim of authority. It is mentioned in …
Christ Carrying the Cross as portrayed by El Greco, 1580
Relic of the crown of thorns, bought by Louis IX from Baldwin II. It is preserved today in Notre Dame de Paris.
Nuremberg 16th-century silver medal of Jesus Christ with a crown of thorns by Valentin Maler.
Christ with the cross and crown of thorns by Andrea Solario
Louis IX of France [videos]
Louis IX, commonly known as Saint Louis, was King of France, the ninth from the House of Capet, and is a canonized Catholic and Anglican saint. Louis was crowned in Reims at the age of 12, following the death of his father Louis VIII the Lion, although his mother …
Contemporary depiction from about 1230
Engraving representing the departure from Aigues-Mortes of King Louis IX for the Seventh Crusade (by Gustave Doré)
Equestrian statue of King Saint Louis at the Sacré-Cœur
Louis IX was taken prisoner at the Battle of Fariskur, during the Seventh Crusade (Gustave Doré).
Notre-Dame de Paris [videos]
Notre-Dame de Paris, also known as Notre-Dame Cathedral or simply Notre-Dame, is a medieval Catholic cathedral on the Île de la Cité in the fourth arrondissement of Paris, France. The cathedral is considered to be one of the …
The organ of Notre-Dame de Paris
Bourdon Emmanuel
19th-century vestments
Image: Notre Dame de Paris DSC 0846w
Flanders [videos]
Flanders is the Dutch-speaking northern portion of Belgium and one of the communities, regions and language areas of Belgium. However, there are several …
The Sack of Antwerp in 1576, in which about 7,000 people died
Winter scene by Sebastian Vrancx, 1622
Koksijde, a memorial to soldiers killed in World War I
Kris Peeters, former Minister-President of Flanders, promoting Flanders in Action
Republic of Venice [videos]
The Republic of Venice or Venetian Republic, traditionally known as La Serenissima (English: Most Serene Republic of Venice; Italian: Serenissima Repubblica di Venezia …
The Venetia c 600 AD
Procession in St Mark's Square by Gentile Bellini in 1496
The Venetian fort of Palamidi in Nafplion, Greece, one of many forts that secured Venetian trade routes in the Eastern Mediterranean.
Damietta [videos]
Damietta also known as Damiata, or Domyat, is a port and the capital of the Damietta Governorate in Egypt, a former bishopric and present multiple Catholic titular see. It is located at the Damietta branch, an eastern distributary of the …
Damietta's Corniche along the Nile.
Amr Ibn Al-a'as Mosque (Al-Fateh).
Capture of Damietta by Frisian crusaders.
A 1911 postcard, titled The City of Damietta on the Nile.
Capetian House of Anjou [videos]
The Capetian House of Anjou was a royal house and cadet branch of the direct French House of Capet, part of the Capetian dynasty. It is one of three separate royal houses referred to as Angevin, meaning "from Anjou" in France. Founded by Charles I of Naples, the youngest son of Louis VIII of …
The seated Charles I of Sicily is crowned by Pope Clement IV.
Image: Palazzo Reale di Napoli Carlo I d'Angiò
Image: Charles II of Naples
Image: Charles III of Naples (head)
Alfonso X of Castile [videos]
Alfonso X, called the Wise, was the King of Castile, León and Galicia from 30 May 1252 until his death in 1284. During the imperial election of 1257, a dissident faction chose him to be …
Portrait of Alfonso X from the Libro de los juegos (1283)
Alfonso X as a judge, from his Libro de los juegos, completed ca. 1280.
Statue of Alfonso X El Sabio, outside the Biblioteca Nacional (National Library) in Madrid, Spain.
Portrait of Alfonso X from the codex Tumbo 'A' de Santiago (Dated between 1229 and 1255)
Euboea [videos]
Euboea or Evia; Greek: Εύβοια, Evvoia, pronounced; Ancient Greek: Εὔβοια, Eúboia, ) is the second-largest Greek island in area and population, after Crete. The narrow Euripus Strait separates it from Boeotia in mainland Greece. In …
View of Aidipsos
Exhibits in the archaeological museum of Chalcis.
St Demetrius in Avlonari (10th)
Medieval church of Agia Paraskevi, Chalcis.
Athens [videos]
Athens is the capital and largest city of Greece. Athens dominates the Attica region and is one of the world's oldest cities, with its recorded history spanning over 3,400 years and its earliest human presence starting …
Athena, patron goddess of Athens; (Varvakeion Athena, National Archaeological Museum)
Tondo of the Aison Cup, showing the victory of Theseus over the Minotaur in the presence of Athena. Theseus was responsible, according to the myth, for the synoikismos ("dwelling together")—the political unification of Attica under Athens.
The earliest coinage of Athens, circa 545-525/15 BC
The Roman Agora and the Gate of Athena in Plaka district.
Apulia [videos]
Apulia is a region in Southern Italy bordering the Adriatic Sea to the east, the Ionian Sea to the southeast, and the Strait of Otranto and Gulf of Taranto to the south …
Torre Sant'Andrea, Salento
Landscape of the Murge plateau
Castel del Monte, built by the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II between 1240 and 1250 in Andria
The medieval town of Ostuni
John of Brienne [videos]
John of Brienne, also known as John I, was King of Jerusalem from 1210 to 1225 and Latin Emperor of Constantinople from 1229 to 1237. He was the youngest son of Erard II of Brienne, a wealthy nobleman in Champagne. John, originally destined for an ecclesiastical career …
Coronation of John and his first wife, Maria (from a 13th-century miniature)
Frisian crusaders attack a tower near Damietta during the Fifth Crusade (from Matthew Paris' 13th-century Chronica Majora).
Seal of John's second daughter, Marie, Latin Empress; John was senior co-emperor of her husband, Baldwin II.
House of Bourbon [videos]
The House of Bourbon is a European royal house of French origin, a branch of the Capetian dynasty. Bourbon kings first ruled France and Navarre in the 16th century. By the 18th century, members of the Spanish Bourbon dynasty held thrones in …
French kings from House of Bourbon. Family tree
Henry IV of France, the first Bourbon King of France
Spanish kings from House of Bourbon. Family tree
Baldwin I, Latin Emperor [videos]
Baldwin I was the first emperor of the Latin Empire of Constantinople. As Count of Flanders and Hainaut, he was one of the most prominent leaders of the Fourth Crusade, which resulted in the sack of Constantinople and the conquest of large …
County of Flanders, AR maille or 'petit denier', struck in Ypres under Baldwin IX, Count of Flanders
Baldwin's Tower in the Tsarevets castle, Veliko Tarnovo, Bulgaria
Henry of Flanders [videos]
Henry was the second emperor of the Latin Empire of Constantinople. He was a younger son of Baldwin V, Count of Hainaut, and Margaret I of Flanders, sister of Philip of Alsace, count of Flanders. — Leadership in the Fourth Crusade …
Seal of Henry of Flanders
Henry from "Promptuarii Iconum Insigniorum"
Empire of Nicaea [videos]
The Empire of Nicaea or the Nicene Empire was the largest of the three Byzantine Greek rump states founded by the aristocracy of the Byzantine Empire that fled after Constantinople was occupied by Western European and Venetian forces during the Fourth Crusade. Founded by the Laskaris family, it …
Nicaea city wall, Lefke gate; Iznik, Turkey
Coin issued by Michael VIII Palaeologus to celebrate the liberation of Constantinople from the Latin army, and the restoration of the Roman/Byzantine Empire.
Born in the purple [videos]
Traditionally, born in the purple was a category of members of royal families born during the reign of their parent. This notion was later loosely expanded to include all children born of prominent or high-ranking parents. The parents must be prominent at the time of the child's birth so that the …
Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus, who was purple-born, in a 945 carved ivory
The northern facade of the Palace of the Porphyrogenitus
Guy, Count of Flanders [videos]
Guy of Dampierre was the Count of Flanders and Marquis of Namur. He was a prisoner of the French when his Flemings defeated the latter at the Battle of the Golden Spurs in 1302. — Biography — Guy was the …
Guy of Dampierre riding a horse. His surcoat bears the arms of the county of Flanders
Sterling of Guy of Dampierre, struck Namur (circa 1295-1296).
Marie of Brienne [videos]
Marie of Brienne was the Empress consort of Baldwin II of Courtenay, Latin Emperor of Constantinople. She served as regent of Constantinople during the absence of Baldwin II twice: in 1237-1239, and in 1243-1257. — Family — She was a daughter of John of Brienne and his third wife …
Image: Abbaye de Maubuisson Marie Brienne
Robert I, Latin Emperor [videos]
Robert I, also Robert of Courtenay, Latin Emperor of Constantinople, was a younger son of the emperor Peter II of Courtenay, and Yolanda of Flanders.When it became known in France that Peter of Courtenay was dead, his eldest son, Philip, Marquis of Namur, renounced the succession to the …
Image: Robertus Courtenay
Philip I, Latin Emperor [videos]
Philip, also Philip of Courtenay, held the title of Latin Emperor of Constantinople from 1273–1283, although Constantinople had been reinstated since 1261 AD to the Byzantine Empire; he lived in exile and only held authority over Crusader States in Greece. He was born in …
Seal of Philip of Courtenay
Peter II of Courtenay [videos]
Peter, also Peter II of Courtenay, was emperor of the Latin Empire of Constantinople from 1216 to 1217. — Biography — Peter II was a son of Peter I of Courtenay, the youngest son of Louis VI of France and his second wife, Adélaide de Maurienne …
Image: Petrus 2
Henry V, Count of Luxembourg [videos]
Henry V the Blondell, called the Great, was the count of Arlon from 1226 to his death, lord of Ligny from 1240 to his death, count of Luxembourg and Laroche from 1247 to his death, and the count of Namur between 1256 and 1264 as Henry III. He was the son and successor of …
Image: Henry Le Blond
Hyperpyron [videos]
The hyperpyron was a Byzantine coin in use during the late Middle Ages, replacing the solidus as the Byzantine Empire's gold coinage. — History — The traditional gold currency of the Byzantine Empire had been the solidus or nomisma, whose gold …
Hyperpyron of Emperor Manuel I Komnenos (r. 1143–1180), showing its typical scyphate (cup-shaped) form.
Philippe de Toucy [videos]
Philippe de Toucy was a French Crusader nobleman. — He was the son of Narjot de Toucy, a senior lord of the Latin Empire of Constantinople, and a daughter of the Byzantine lord Theodore Branas and Agnes of France, Byzantine empress-dowager and a daughter of Louis VII of France …
Seal and counterseal. His arms are based on those of France.
House of Capet [videos]
The House of Capet or the Direct Capetians and, also called the House of France, or simply the Capets, ruled the Kingdom of France from 987 to 1328. It was the most senior line of the Capetian dynasty – itself a derivative dynasty …
Image: House of Capet family tree (FR) by shakko
Alexios Strategopoulos [videos]
Alexios Komnenos Strategopoulos was a Byzantine general during the reign of Michael VIII Palaiologos, rising to the rank of megas domestikos and Caesar. Of noble descent, he appears in the sources already at an advanced age in the early 1250s, leading armies …
Emperor John III Doukas Vatatzes, under whom Strategopoulos began his military career, and whose niece married his own son, Constantine
Huntington Library [videos]
The Huntington Library, Art Collections and Botanical Gardens, colloquially known as The Huntington, is a collections-based educational and research institution established by Henry E. Huntington and located in San Marino, California, United States. In addition to the library, the …
Huntington Library, in a landscape setting by Beatrix Farrand
The Blue Boy by Thomas Gainsborough, c. 1770
Pinkie by Thomas Lawrence, c. 1794
Amorphophallus titanum at Huntington Library, August 24, 2014
Terrell Owens [videos]
Terrell Eldorado Owens, popularly known by his initials, T.O. is a former American football wide receiver who played in the National Football League for 16 seasons. A six-time Pro Bowl selection and five-time first-team All-Pro, Owens holds or shares several NFL …
Owens in 2017
Owens (81) with the Eagles talking to a coach.
Owens in August 2007
Owens in July 2008
Lucian Freud [videos]
Lucian Michael Freud, OM was a British painter and draftsman, specializing in figurative art, and is known as one of the foremost 20th-century portraitists. He was born in Berlin, the son of Jewish architect Ernst L. Freud and the grandson of Sigmund Freud. His …
Portrait of Kitty, 1948–49, an early portrait of his wife Kitty Garman
Girl with a white dog, 1951–1952, Tate Gallery. Portrait of Freud's first wife, Kitty Garman, the daughter of Jacob Epstein and Kathleen Garman


text:
Giovanni Graber (ur. 26 marca 1939 w Valdaorze) – włoski saneczkarz, dwukrotny medalista mistrzostw świata.

Kariera
Największy sukces w karierze osiągnął w 1962 roku, kiedy w parze z Giampaolo Ambrosim zdobył złoty medal w dwójkach podczas mistrzostw świata w Krynicy. W tej samej konkurencji, wspólnie z Giorgio Pichlerem wywalczył srebrny medal na mistrzostwach świata w Davos w 1957 roku. W 1964 roku wystąpił na igrzyskach olimpijskich w Innsbrucku, gdzie zajął 23. miejsce w jedynkach, a w parze z Ambrosim był piąty w dwójkach. Na rozgrywanych cztery lata później igrzyskach w Grenoble, był dwunasty w jedynkach, a rywalizację w dwójkach ukończył na ósmej pozycji.

Bibliografia
 Profil na The-Sports.org (jako Hans Graber)

Włoscy saneczkarze
Włoscy olimpijczycy
Uczestnicy Zimowych Igrzysk Olimpijskich 1964
Uczestnicy Zimowych Igrzysk Olimpijskich 1968
Urodzeni w 1939


text:
People Love Fieger Law
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The most brilliant lawyer in Michigan (and perhaps in America).
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text:
Jens Peter Tvede (kaldt "Jesper") (født 17. marts 1879 i Frederikshavn, død 22. oktober 1934 i Jægersborg) var en dansk arkitekt, der var en af bannerførerne for nyklassicismen.

Jens Peter "Jesper" Tvede var søn af apoteker Levin Levinsen Tvede og Elise Sophie Hyrup i Frederikshavn. Bror til malerinde Ingeborg Tvede. Han var uddannet murer, gik dernæst på Teknisk Skole og derefter på Kunstakademiet i København fra september 1898 indtil afgang i maj 1908. Han var ansat på H.B. Storcks tegnestue (restaurering af Skt. Mariæ Kloster, Helsingør) og konduktør hos Heinrich Wenck (Centralpostbygningen i København). Han modtog K.A. Larssens legat 1902-03 og 1921, Kaufmanns legat 1912, Theophilus Hansens Legat 1918 og Emil Bissens Præmie 1934.

Tvede var medstifter af Den frie Architektforening 1909, overlærer i borgerlig bygningskunst på Det Tekniske Selskabs Skole, København fra 1911, medlem af Akademiets Plenarforsamling 1917 og af Akademiraadet 1920-23. Han sad i bestyrelsen for Knud V. Engelhardts Legat fra stiftelsen 1932.

Han rejste til Dresden 1906, Gotland 1907, England og Holland 1913, Stockholm 1930 og Italien 1931. Han deltog i følgende udstillinger: Den frie Architektforening 1910, 1915, 1918, Dänische Ausstellung, Kunstgewerbemuseum, Berlin 1910-11, Dansk Arkitektur, dekorativ Kunst og Kunsthaandværk, Liljevalchs, Stockholm 1918, Charlottenborg Forårsudstilling 1919, 1935. Separatudstillinger: Frederikshavns Kunstmuseum 1993 (sammen med Ingeborg Tvede).

Tvede, der ofte samarbejdede med den jævnaldrende Poul Holsøe, har blandt andet tegnet Spar Nords bygning og Svane Apoteket i Frederikshavn, samt Dyrehavevej 42 og Lundeskovsvej 18 & 20 i Gentofte, som udgør en del af Studiebyen. Derudover tegnede Tvede Københavns Købmandsskole, Rosenørns Allé på Frederiksberg (1926-1927) og – i samarbejde med Poul Holsøe – haveboligforeningen Grøndalsvænge i Vanløse, (1915-1925)

Tvede blev gift 23. maj 1906 i Nødebo med malerinde Alice Mary Bruhn (23. august 1883 i København – 16. februar 1970 i Hillerød), datter af løjtnant, senere kaptajn, og forvalter ved Kunstakademiet i København Jørgen Daniel Bruhn og Anna Sophie Knutzen. De fik sammen 3 børn, Ib Tvede, Birthe Reippurt og dokumentarfilmsintruktøren Jan Jesper Tvede, kaldt Jesper.
Han er begravet på Bispebjerg Kirkegård.

Værker

Institutionsbygninger
 Skole i Ulfborg ved Nissum Fjord (1905-07)
 Skole i Lynge ved Farum (1910)
 Pensionat Sommerhjemmet, Skagen, nu time-share Skagenklit (1912, flere udvidelser efter Tvedes tegninger)
 Det tekniske Selskabs Skole, Vordingborggade 15, København (1919)
 Svaneapoteket, Frederikshavn med indretning (projekteret 1924, opført 1927, sammen med S.C. Larsen)
 Købmandsskolen for Kvinder, Julius Thomsens Plads 6-8, Frederiksberg (1925-27, undtagen portalen, udvidet 1930)
 Frederikshavn og Omegns Sparekasse med indretning (1926, interiør ændret)
 Frederiksberg Tekniske Skole, Falstersvej 3-5 (1928-30, sammen med John Thorson)

Enfamiliehuse

 Dommerbolig, Stærrede (1910, brændt 1951)
 Klitgården, Klitvej, Frederikshavn, for J. Vogelius (udstillet 1910, nedrevet)
 Sommerhus for arkitektens søster, Vængevej 22, Tisvilde (1917)
 Eget sommerhus, Hyldegården, Bangsbostrand (1917-20, nedrevet 1980)
 Villa, Bjerregårdsvej 8, Valby (1918)
 Gimmerhuset, Gammel Skagen, ombygning og indretning, for grosserer Carl Hertz (1918-19)
 Villa, Dyrehavevej 26, Klampenborg, for ingeniør Ludvig Birch (1919-20)
 Lundeskovsvej 18 og 20, Studiebyen, Hellerup (1920-21)
 Villa for overretssagfører Stæhr, Bernstorffsvej 66 (1927)
 Lundehusvej 6, Emdrup (præmieret 1928)
 Eget hus, Solbakkevej 68, Gentofte (1933)
 Sommerhus for Hr. Grosserer Holger Schrøder, Strandvejen, Skodsborg

Værker sammen med Poul Holsøe

 Udvidelse af sanglærer Albert Meyers Villa Quinta, Rådhusvej 16/Jensløvsvej 13, Charlottenlund (1913, nu fuldstændig ombygget)
 Projekt til bebyggelse af Mitchellsstræde, Gentofte (1913)
 Projekt til Danmarks bygning på Den baltiske Udstilling, Malmö 1914 (1914, 2. præmie)
 Gravmæle for arkitekt Caspar Leuning Borch, Garnisons Kirkegård (1914, konkurrence)
 Projekt til kommuneskole, Frederikshavn (udstillet 1915)
 Beboelsesejendom, Tuborgvej 44-48/Esthersvej 2-8, Hellerup (1915, vinduer ændret)
 Villa, Teglgårdsvej 47, Skovshoved (præmieret 1915)
 Villa, Skjoldhøj Allé 1, Charlottenlund (1915, stærkt ombygget)
 Havebyen Grøndalsvænge, Brønshøj (1915-28)
 Projekt til havebyen Præstevangen, Utterslev (udstillet 1915)
 Hamlets Vænge i Helsingør. Arbejderboliger for Helsingør Værft, opført af Helsingør Kommune i årene 1917 - 1925.
 Villa for løjtnant Nielsen-Havsgaard, Havslundevej 8, Hellerup (1918, nedrevet 1995)

Projekter

 Kystsanatorium i Faxe (konkurrence 1911, udstillet 1915, sammen med Edvard Thomsen)
 Rækkehusbebyggelse, Ryvangen (udstillet 1919)
 Indretning af af Den sjællandske Bondestands Sparekasse, Vester Voldgade 107 (1930-32)
 Talrige møbler
 Gravmæler og indretning af apoteker

Referencer

Kilder
 Weilbachs Kunstnerleksikon 1994
 Gitte Brandt & Peter Olesen, 25 huse ved Tisvildeleje, København: Thaning & Appel og Vejby-Tibirke Selskabet 2004.

Eksterne henvisninger

Arkitekter fra Danmark
Danskere i 1900-tallet
Nyklassicistiske arkitekter
Personer fra Frederikshavn
Personer i Kraks Blå Bog (afdøde)
Medlemmer af Akademiraadet


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