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STAND UP FOR WOMEN'S RIGHTS IN TURKEY – JOIN TO PROTESTS ON MARCH 6TH.
2020 has been hard. We have been hit by a pandemic that halted life at multiple levels. This sudden and global event made us realize how valuable our little conveniences in life are. We now realize what it means to travel, have coffee outside our home, meet with friends, and shop for groceries. Now we miss the chores we despised.
There is another pandemic that has been here for years: Violence against women. Women in most places cannot live their ordinary lives without brutality, harassment, inequality, or aggression. Globally, 35 % of women have experienced physical and/or sexual violence by their partners. 137 women are killed by a member of their family every day. Calls to help lines have increased five-fold in some countries during the COVID-19 epidemic.
Some countries are especially darker. In 2009, 42% of Turkish women between the ages of 15 and 60 were subject to violence. Global Gender Gap Index 2020 ranks Turkey 130th among 153 countries.
Since the alleged coup attempt in 2016, women's rights have been systematically ignored and violated by the Turkish authorities. Many women in custody were subject to strip searches. They were asked to undress and squat while naked, sometimes with cameras present. More than 5,000 women have been jailed as political prisoners, 600 women were held in detention with their children including 100 women who were pregnant or had just given birth. 780 babies are imprisoned alongside with their mothers who were not convicted of any crimes.
AST will organize protests in more than 25 locations including, New York, Washington, Toronto to raise the voice to end the violence against women in Turkey and in the World. Your participation will be extremely valuable to all the women suffering under the violence and motivate who are joining their efforts to make a difference.
Be a part of these protests, help the victims of violence, spread the word!
Advocates of Silenced Turkey
https://silencedturkey.org/donatenow
Report on Women Rights violations
HALUK SAVAŞ AWARDS IN SOCIAL SCIENCES
Advocates of Silenced Turkey and Scholar Rights Watch Announce "HALUK SAVAS AWARDS" for academic projects that will focus on human rights and freedom issues in Turkey during the last decade.
Submissions Open:
10/04/2020 00:00 a.m. EST
Submission Deadline:
08/30/2021 11:59 p.m. EST
Announcement of the award winners:
PhD dissertation award:
Up to 5 awards, $2,000 each.
MS Thesis award:
Publication in a peer-reviewed journal:
Conference talk or proceeding:
Up to 5 awards.
You can click the link below to submit your application
WHO IS Prof Dr. HALUK SAVAŞ?
Prof. Dr. Haluk Savaş was born in Adana, Turkey in 1966. He graduated from Marmara University School of Medicine (English) in 1991. In 1997, he received his residency in Psychiatry/Mental Health and Diseases at Bakırköy Psychiatric Hospital.
In 1999, he earned his master's degree from the Middle East Institute at Marmara University in Sociology-Anthropology with a thesis on "Culture-Psychiatry Relationship".
He served at Gaziantep University as an associate professor between the years 2003 and 2008, and as a professor between 2008 and 2016.
On September 1, 2016, he was expelled from Gaziantep University with a statutory decree during the State of Emergency after the July 2016 Coup attempt. He was soon arrested on allegations on plotting against the government. He developed pancreatic cancer during his time in prison. His diagnosis and treatment were delayed. He was released by the court for his surgery and was later acquitted after trial.
Despite being cleared of all charges, he was deprived of his legal rights, including obtaining a passport, retirement benefits, and workers' compensation.
Because he was denied a passport, Dr Savas could not get the available and necessary treatment abroad. Consequently, he tried to make his voice heard in the social media. As a result of the campaign, which was launched with the hashtag #HalukSavaşaPasaport [Passport for Haluk Savaş], the government reluctantly issued his passport. Haluk Savaş became a widely recognized figure as a result of this campaign.
He took part in the establishment of KHK Platforms to be the voice for the 200,000 people who were expelled from their jobs by the statutory decrees. Despite the progression of his illness, he traveled to many cities to initiate the efforts to unify and coordinate these people. He was one of the founders of a YouTube channel called KHK TV and served as its editor-in- chief. By the establishments of news outlets khktv.com and ozgurplatform.com news sites, he became a prominent figure in the KHK struggle against the government.
In the meantime, he contributed to ahvalnews.com and continued his scientific efforts through his website and personal social media accounts. He kept providing patient care at his private clinic in Adana.
Prof. Dr. Haluk Savaş passed away on June 30, 2020.
With his 80 international and 80 national scholarly papers, he has the highest number of publications (160 in total) among Turkish psychiatrists.
With 4300 citations, he has the third highest impact factor among Turkish psychiatrists.
Authored 7 booklets about patient education.
Author of 4 booklets in professional training in psychiatry
Contributed to many scientific books as a chapter-author.
Edited and reviewed several papers, books and articles.
Gave hundreds of talks at various national and international conferences.
ONGOING HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS IN TURKEY
Since the alleged coup attempt in 2016, Turkish government has been carrying out profound human rights violations against hundreds of thousands of people – from arbitrary deprivation of the right to work and to freedom of movement, to torture and other ill-treatment, arbitrary detentions and infringements of the rights to freedom of association and expression.
The Erdogan government is disregarding the rights of its dissidents. More than 200 thousand people have been arbitrarily detained and over 80 thousand people have been arrested on terrorism charges. Furthermore, detainees are being exposed to severe torture and ill-treatment by the hands of State officials. More than 170,000 public officials have been dismissed since July 2016. Those dismissed from their jobs lost their income, social benefits, medical insurance and even their homes.
One of the most distressing acts of the Turkish authorities is incarceration of pregnant women and new mothers. Some are imprisoned with their children and others are cruelly separated from them. As of now, over 800 hundred children under the age of six are in jails across Turkey with their mothers, detained or arrested as part of the government crackdown on its dissidents.
Turkish government has been expanding its unlawful actions to the foreign land and overseas. Several abductions against perceived political opponents of President Erdogan's administration have been conducted by Turkey's National Intelligence Organization (MIT) in violation of the international legal norms.
The erosion of rule of law and democracy in Turkey has been continuing at an alarming rate.
"SONGS SUNG FOR THE OPPRESSED" SONG CONTEST
Grievances in Turkey and other countries within the scape of human rights violations can be expressed with art as a powerful argument as it's described with other materials.
In this context, AST is organizing a music and composition competition to raise awareness about Turkey's unfair practices.
This competition aims to raise awareness with the power of art about political prisoners, torture, deprivation of fundamental human rights, innocent women, babies, and the elderly in prisons. Another goal of this competition is to bring individuals in the field of art to speak out unfair practices; reflect aesthetic skills, present the message clearly to the listener; to engage in artistic activities, and create appreciation.
* You can provide detailed information about the competition and the participation terms in the PDF link above.
* To participate in the competition, you can fill in your application form on the Participation link above.
We wish success to all our participants.
The alleged coup attempt of the July 15th struck the real impact in the field of education. The most important pillars of education, universities were closed, thousands of educated academics were discharged overnight without any reason, and even sent to prisons. This study analyzes the negative effects of the academic slaughter that took place in one of Turkey's most reputable universities after the July 15th, The Erciyes University.
Erciyes University was founded in 1978 under the name of Kayseri University. It was renamed Erciyes University in 1982. Today, Erciyes University serves with 19 faculties, 1 college, 2 vocational schools, 7 institutes, 6 departments, 44 research centers, and an advanced practice hospital with 1350 beds. In addition to Gevher Nesibe Hospital, Cardiovascular Diseases Hospital, Organ Transplantation and Dialysis Hospital, Oncology Hospital, Children's Hospital and Bone Marrow Transplant and Stem Cell Treatment Center are the most important health institutions of the region. Approximately 65,000 students receive education [1]. In addition, Melikşah University, which was closed unlawfully on 23 July 2016, was transferred to Erciyes University and the campus of MELİKŞAH University was named "Erciyes University, The July 15th Campus" [2].
The toll numbers reached 6070 just for public university academics in Turkey after the July 15th [3]. 2,808 academics in 15 terminated foundation universities were not included in this number. 144 people, namely 6% of the total academics, were discharged from the 2398 academics at ERCIYES University after the so-called coup attempt. The distribution of the discharged academics regarding their ranks has given in Table 1.
ACADEMIC TITLE #of DISCHARGED
Professor 27
Assoc. Prof. 31
Assist. Prof. 35
Research Fellow 40
Table 1 Academic ranking of the discharged professors at Erciyes University
Objective measurement of scientific contributions of academics is widely used to understand the quality of universities and countries in the world. Google Scholar [4] is an important open source where researchers can track their publications, citation numbers, and index values. In this analysis, the Google Scholar criterion was taken to examine the scientific contributions of the discarded academics. The average number of citations of the discarded academics was calculated as 891.83, which is quite impressive. For example, Professor SALİH ÖZGÖÇMEN has 10261; Assistant Professor KAZIM ZİYA GÜMÜŞ has 10159 citations.
In addition to that, an important demonstration of broad success to be underlined is that 24 academics have more than 500 citations, as well as 52 academics, have more than 100 citations. In addition to the number of citations, the index values of the dismissed academics were also examined. H-index is more reliable in measuring qualified scientific contributions since it measures the number of publications and citation efficiency together. Academic Data Management publishes the h-index numbers within the system. But instead of publishing all the academics, they list the first 20 with the highest citations in their field [5]. According to the current figures of the Academic Data Management System, the average h-index of 20 academicians with the highest h-index number of ERCİYES University is calculated as 14. The h-index average of the dismissed academics was found to be 13.10, which clearly shows their contribution to ERCIYES University.
Despite the fact that only 6% of the academics at ERCIYES University were discharged after the alleged coup of the July 15th, and all the facilities and infrastructure of MELIKSAH University were seized, a 17% dramatic decline in the ranking of the academic achievement in the world could not be prevented [10]. The above information shows clearly, how the alleged coup attempt impacted the scientific research in ERCIYES University and Turkey.
1.https://www.erciyes.edu.tr/kategori/ERU -HAKKINDA/Tarihce/2/58
2.https://www.erciyes.edu.tr/Duyuru-Haber/ Kapatilan-Meliksah-UniversitesiYerleskesine-%E2%80%9CErciyes-Universitesi -15-/5579
3.http://bianet.org/bianet/ifadeozgurlugu/198990-akademide-ihraclar-6-bin81-e-yukseldi
4.https://scholar.google.com/
5.https://avesis.erciyes.edu.tr/raporlar/ atiflar/h-indeksi-en-yuksek-olanakademisyenler
6.https://www.haberler.com/40-yil-erzurum -da-hizmet-verdi-simdi-kayseri-nin-haberi/
7.http://drkuk.net/dr-kuk-hakkinda/
8.https://twitter.com/docmustafatutak/ status/1276919068621225984/photo/1
9.https://www.veteknoloji.net/haber/ elektromanyetik-dalgalara-etkili-kumas51455.html
The United States Department of State released Turkey 2019 Human Rights Report which has critical points regarding human rights violations in Turkey.
For Example;
As many as 100 persons, including former members of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, dismissed under the 2016-18 state of emergency decrees due to suspected ties to the Gulen movement, were mistreated or tortured while in police custody.
780 Children including children younger than six years of age were being held in prison with their mothers.
The government did not release data on its investigations into alleged torture. Some doctors would not sign their names to medical reports alleging torture due to fear of reprisal. As a result, victims were often unable to get the medical documentation that would help prove their claims.
On the three-year anniversary of the July 15 coup attempt, the government announced that 540,000 individuals had been detained since the coup attempt on grounds of alleged affiliation or connection with the Gulen movement.
There were 41,000 individuals in prison for terror-related crimes. Of these, 28,000 were Gulen movement-related.
The government exerts power in the administration of 90 percent of the most-watched television stations and most-read national daily newspapers.
THE WOMEN WHO SURVIVED THE TURKEY PURGE
A Graphic Novel about the women who survived after the long journey in Turkey's dictatorial regime.
After the alleged coup attempt of July 15, 2016, thousands of people lost their jobs and were subjected to court trials and proceedings on the grounds that they were Hizmet Movement followers. Hundreds of people, who do not have a hope to survive in this grueling atmosphere in Turkey, are striving to leave the country illegally by venturing into the risk of crossing the border and facing death in order to live freely. There were people who drowned in this difficult and harsh journey.
Advocates of Silenced Turkey (AST), as a non-governmental organization that runs its activities on a voluntary basis, has made it a mission to champion the rights of Silenced Turkey until universal human rights and democratic governance are established and sustained as the utmost priorities of the Republic of Turkey.
This graphic novel was created by a high school student with inspiration from real stories on the APH project.
Graphic Novel PDF
Turkish Version PDF Link
Recent Booklets
TÜRKİYEDEKİ ZULÜMDEN KURTULAN KADINLAR
THE ILLUSTRATIONS OF A TEACHER IN PRISON
December 10th, International Human Rights Day Booklet
Vigil and Protest for 864 Babies In Jail in Turkey
A guide for new comers and migrants to live in USA- (Turkish)
So-Called Coup Attempt, July 15th
Sözde Darbe 15 Temmuz 2016
Amerikan göçmenlik hukuku kapsamında iltica başvurusu ve sorular
The Asylee Handbook
BM Haksız Tutukluluk Çalışma Grubu Başvurusu
Bu çalışma, 2016 darbe teşebbüsü ile başlayan olağanüstü hâl yönetimi ve KHK'ların Türkiye'deki üniversitelerin başarı değişimini analiz etmeyi amaçlamaktadır.
Türkiye'de 15 Temmuz 2016'da meydana gelen sözde darbe teşebbüsünden sonra çıkan 11 KHK ile toplamda 6,070 akademisyenin 122 devlet kurumundaki işlerine son verildi [1]. Ayrıca 15 vakıf üniversitesinin de tamamen kapatılması ile 2,808 akademisyen daha bu sayıya eklendi [2] ve resmi rakamlara göre; toplamda 8,878 akademisyenin görevlerine son verildi. Türkiye'deki akademisyen sayısı 15 Temmuz öncesi 64,488 olarak görülmektedir ve eğitim sisteminde bir akademisyenin yetişmesi için lisans ve lisansüstü çalışmalar göz önüne alındığında ortalama 12 yıl gibi bir zaman ve emek harcanması gerekmektedir. OECD raporlarına göre ise bir insanın ilköğretimden başlayarak akademisyen olana kadarki harcama miktarı ise ortalama olarak 124,448 Amerikan doları seviyesindedir [3].
Universite Atilan Toplam Akademisyen Sayisi Toplam Akademisyen Sayisi Atilan Oran(%)
Abant Izzet Baysal 78 1333 5.9
Adiyaman 67 862 7.8
Adnan Menderes 54 1726 3.1
Afyon Kocatepe 93 1360 6.8
Akdeniz 115 2492 4.6
Anadolu 68 2188 3.1
Ankara 133 3732 3.6
Atatürk 152 2703 5.6
Balikesir 67 1032 6.5
Bülent Ecevit 71 1287 5.5
Çanakkale 18 Mart 205 1653 12.4
Celal Bayar 140 1651 8.5
Cumhuriyet 56 1858 3
Dicle 172 1935 8.9
Dokuz Eylül 46 3381 1.4
Dumlupınar 168 1239 13.6
Ege 45 3175 1.4
Erciyes 145 2398 6
Erzincan 54 916 5.9
Eskişehir Osmangazi 46 1542 3
Fırat 47 1741 2.7
Gazi 233 3982 5.9
Gaziantep 128 1644 7.8
Gaziosmanpaşa 59 1286 4.6
Gebze Teknik 19 154 12.3
Hacettepe 74 3720 2
Harran 68 1012 6.7
İnönü 58 1672 3.5
İstanbul 192 5445 3.5
İstanbul Teknik 32 2211 1.4
Kafkas 30 890 3.4
Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam 126 1305 9.7
Karabük 50 995 5
Karadeniz Teknik 44 2528 1.7
Kırıkkkale 74 1226 6
Kocaeli 57 2098 2.7
Marmara 102 3201 3.2
Mersin 33 1630 2
Muğla Sıtkı Koçman 38 1523 2.5
Mustafa Kemal 105 1060 9.9
Niüde Ömer Halisdemir 36 891 4
Ondokuz Mayıs 123 2347 5.2
Pamukkale 181 1995 9.1
Sakarya 97 2010 4.8
Selçuk 126 2732 4.6
Süleyman Demirel 271 2303 11.8
Trakya 29 1701 1.7
Uludağ 38 2474 1.5
Yıldız Teknik 114 1754 6.5
Yüzüncü Yıl 73 1705 4.3
Son olarak, sıralamadaki değişimin ihraç oranına bölünmesi ile oluşturulan kişisel başarı endeksi (atılanların akademik başarıya katkı endeksi) hesaplanmıştır. Buradaki amaç, ihraç edilen insanların üniversitelerin başarısına olan etkisini hesaplamaktır. Listenin en başında olan ve de en çok dikkat çeken Ege Üniversitesi'dir. Ege Üniversite'sinde toplam ihraç edilen akademisyen sayısı 45 ve oranı %1.4 olmasına rağmen, bu üniversitenin dünya çapındaki sıralaması 674'ten 913'e gerilemiştir ki, bu da akademik başarının %35 oranında düştüğünü göstermektedir. Ege Üniversitesi'nin söz konusu endeksi 25.33 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Benzer şekilde listenin üçüncü sırasında, İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi'nde toplam ihraç edilen akademisyen sayısı 32 ve oran %1.4 olmasına rağmen bu üniversitenin dünya çapındaki sıralaması ise %19 civarında düşüş göstermiş, endeksi 13.76 olmuştur. Bu endeksin en yüksek olduğu üniversiteler Şekil 4'te verilmiştir.
Daha fazla bilgiye sayfanın üstünde yer alan PDF Link'ine tıklayarak ulaşabilirsiniz….
Kural, B., Adal, H. (2018, July). Haber Listesi : Akademide İhraçlar 6 Bin 81'e Yükseldi.
Retrieved from: http://bianet.org/bianet/ifade-ozgurlugu/198990-akademide-ihraclar-6-bin-81-e-yukseldi
Kural, B., (2016, August). Haber Listesi : Sayılarla Kapatılan Üniversiteler.
Retrieved from: https://m.bianet.org/bianet/egitim/177442-sayilarla-kapatilan-universiteler
University Ranking by Academic Performance.(n.d.)
Retrieved from: http://tr.urapcenter.org/2019/index.php
Country Note, (2014). Turkey–Education at a Glance 2014: OECD Indicators.
Retrieved from: https://www.oecd.org/education/Turkey-EAG2014-Country-Note.pdf
Yuksek Ogretim Bilgi Yonetim Sistemi, (n.d.).
Retrieved from: https://istatistik.yok.gov.tr/
http://www.webometrics.info/en
Booklet PDF
I was born in 1983, in the city of Zonguldak, Turkey. My mother was a housewife; my father was a retired teacher. We were four siblings, and I was the only male child in the house. Due to my father's profession, we lived in many different cities and towns and had the opportunity to experience various geographies, places, and people. Though I was never very good at my studies, ever since I was little I always had an interest in the arts, particularly drawing. I don't remember when I first began to be interested in drawing. When I couldn't find any paper to draw on, I would go ahead and draw my pictures on the walls of our house. Needless to say, I received a fair share of scolding from my mom on that account. During my high school years, through the encouragement of my art teacher, I enrolled in a painting (drawing) course in the city we lived in. Enrolling in this course naturally paved my way into a great university. After completing my [extended] university education, through the reference from the private school where I completed my internship, I was offered a job in a very nice district/city. (This is, in fact, the place where I hope to settle down one day once I reach my retirement, God-willing.) After working in that position for a year, I had to leave in order to fulfill my mandatory military service. Upon completing my military service, I came back and started prepping for the public employee selection exams. When I couldn't score enough points to be appointed to a public school, I started working at another private school. Unfortunately, due to some unpleasant situations I came across, I had to leave my job there. I spent the next year preparing for the exams one more time. When I could not again score enough points the second time around, my brother-in-law encouraged me to go to Mardin, a city in southeastern Turkey, where there was a shortage of teachers at a private school there. After working at that school for two years, I met my future wife and we got married. Shortly after I heard about an opening for a teaching position in the city which I had loved dearly but had had to leave years ago. Without wasting any time, I applied for the position. I spent four wonderful years teaching in that city, four wonderful years… after which dark clouds started falling upon us.
WHAT I EXPERIENCED DURING THIS WHOLE ORDEAL
I imagine you are somewhat familiar with what comes next. First of all, our work permits were canceled. When I saw the news on television and learned that a state of emergency had been declared, I did my best to keep calm. I asked my mother-in-law to make us some tea so we could sit and enjoy ourselves and not let this bring our spirits down. My wife ended up crying that evening. I tried to reassure her and told her, "Don't worry. Even if Allah has blocked one path, He will surely open up another." Sure enough, after that we worked in many different places, in many different cities. There were times when we were even laughed at and mocked. But never did we ever resort to any embarrassing acts or engage in any disgraceful activities. To this day, I can proudly say that we can hold our heads high and walk with dignity. In any case, the government had already started arbitrarily firing people from their jobs, and some opportunist business owners used that opening to hire these unfortunate victims, paying them less than half the amount of what the job should have paid, not to mention the fact that they were denied any benefits or insurance. I'm talking about people who were just like us. I heard of a teacher that had begun working at a gas station. Some friends of the business owner –who were pro-government–were constantly pressuring him, saying, "What?!! How come he is still working for you? Just fire him!" His answer to their objections was quite meaningful; he had replied, "Find me a guy who is as trustworthy and honest as this one and I will fire this one right away." As far as I know, that person is still working at that gas station… Before having been taken to prison, I had started working at a publishing house. Since I hadn't been particularly happy with their work policy, I had left that job. And now after my time in prison, I am working at another publishing house. Thanks and praise be to my dear God, I am among the ones who actually has a job to go to. In a country where more than half of the young population is out looking for work, this is truly a blessing. As I head out to work each morning, I catch myself thinking back to the days I spent locked behind bars. Judging by the surprised looks of the people walking past me on the sidewalk, I'm guessing I probably have a huge smile on my face as my thoughts wander back. I used to be a teacher before all this happened. And not just any teacher… I was a teacher who for nine whole years had gone to every class, every day with the same excitement and enthusiasm as the last!.. Thus, I will use a teacher example to explain the next part of my story. You know when you ask a parent about a teacher– if they happen to know the teacher you are asking about–the first thought to cross their mind will probably be, "Let's see, was there anything negative about this teacher?" (Of course, they'll probably be keeping this thought to themselves.) If they can't think of anything bad, then they'll say the teacher was ok and kind of brush that off as an answer. The reason? If you ask me, it's just how people naturally react, that's all. The first thought to enter our minds about a person is the bad memories they left us with (if any). When you think back about a previous teacher, the things you remember are whether you experienced anything negative with that teacher or not. Now, coming back to my own story, when people ask me how it was on the "inside," first of all, a great big smile spreads across my face. Then I remember the jokes, the pranks, the fooling around and the sweet mischief, the chitchats around a pot of tea, our excitement for the "snack bar" day, and our deep conversations that extended well into the night. In all honesty, the bad memories are the ones that I remember the last. Now you ask me, is this normal? I should probably start off with telling you that I, myself, am not your typical, normal guy. I can say that I had already somewhat driven myself out of my mind years ago with all the doodling and drawing and the shaping clay into statues and sculptures and crushing them into tiny bits after taking them from the mold, and whatnot… Or maybe it was because I had no bad memories from the "inside." The people I was in prison with were all educated people, well-mannered and people of good character. The couple of months I spent with them was not wasted with problems like having to learn to adapt to a new environment or wait until we "clicked" with the others. It felt as though I was staying with childhood buddies that I had known my whole life, arm in arm, hand in hand, lighthearted fun and ruckus all around. There was hardship, though, I cannot deny that. And I try to portray that in my drawings. In fact, you'll see later on that I had a special wish regarding this matter, during the time I was in prison (which may surprise you a bit). The coup attempt that took place in the country was a kind of revolution that had completely different effects on the people going about their lives outside and on those of us who were locked "inside." We had now become "the other." People who knew us, who knew who and what we were, would not even walk on the same side of the street with us anymore, they would change their paths once they saw us coming. I didn't let this become a concern of mine. My own father was among the first to be taken into custody during the initial operations carried out in the city of Konya. I cannot forget the day he was taken away. They just showed up at our house early one morning and took him away before we even had a chance to understand what was going on. God bless them, at least they were considerate about it; they did not shout about or throw insults like the stories we had heard of others. I spent some time looking for work here and there. Naturally, almost every door I went to closed upon me. In fact, during one of my interviews, the man who would be hiring me openly said it to my face: "Brother, I'll be honest with you, you are just the guy I am looking for, but if I go ahead and hire you I'll be getting myself into trouble." We had to go back to the town where I last worked so we could gather up our belongings and leave, and while we were there, one of our neighbors decided to report us to the police. They came straight away, and I spent that evening in custody. I cannot erase the image I have in my mind of my mother with her teary eyes. First my father, and now me… The next day I was released under judicial control. A couple of days later we changed our official address and settled down in our second hometown. Meanwhile, both my father-in-law and brother in-law were also arrested. They needed someone to look after their business and take care of things on their farm. And so, even though I knew nothing about working the soil, I found myself atop a tractor harvesting carrots on thousands of acres of land just so I could help them out somehow. Though it was difficult at first, I found that in time I grew to like it. After my brother-in-law was released and he could take over and the workload eased up a bit, I could look for jobs in my own field of work. Upon returning to Konya, after doing some odd jobs here and there, I finally started working at a printing center. Meanwhile, my father was transferred to the Alanya prison. Every once in a while I would go and visit during open visitation, but it was my mother who mostly went to the visits because of the distance and expenses involved. Someone I used to work for, and who I loved and respected dearly, vouched for me and I started working at a publishing house after the Ramadan Eid festival were over. Yes, I was working now, but only a month into it and it was time for the court hearings. The hearings took three days. I went in all three days, and I sat and listened. On the second day, before the court adjourned for the day's lunch break, the judge turned to me and said, "Yes, let's listen to what you have to say also." He had the SEGBIS (Sound and Video Information System) closed down. I spoke about my work history. There was no record regarding a report filed in my name, or my name being mentioned anywhere specific, etc… Everything was running smoothly, then the judge spoke again, "Look, our own children were educated in these institutions as well," and the prosecutor's head bobbed slowly up and down as if affirming what the judge had just said. Then he asked me the question, "Do you think they were the ones to carry out this coup?" I knew this was a trick question, but still I fell into their trap. Rather, I should say, there were some possible answers I could have given, but I just couldn't. (It was like Allah did not allow me to say it, I'm guessing that there is some kind of divine wisdom behind my being taken in.) My answer was (as recorded in the official report), "I do not believe that the individuals I worked with in these institutions were members of a [terrorist] organization. In fact, I do not believe they had any relations with either the December 17/25 operations or the coup attempt which took place on July 15, 2016. I am among those individuals who believe that the members of this [social] structure have not committed the act of staging a coup. I see Fethullah Gulen as a leader with a specific religious vision/perspective. I do not believe that he has engaged in any activities which aim to disintegrate any government or state. I have never been a witness to any testimonies delivered by himself to that effect. I believe that the events which took place on July 15, 2016 were forged and were false actions. I am among those who believe that such a coup was merely a stage act." The court room was dead silent– no sound, no movement at all. The judge spoke to me, "You do understand that this is the high criminal court, you may very well be arrested." I do not remember anything I said from that point onward. For the first time in my life, my blood sugar levels plummeted, and I felt a dizziness in my head. I held on to the railing in front of me to keep my balance. As I was about to collapse onto the floor, I lowered myself down and just sat on the floor. I asked for some water. The court clerk looked at me, eyes wide open as if to say, "What on earth did you just do!" The judge ordered the clerk to take a record of what I had said, the most significant parts at least, and said to me,"You will come back for the hearings this afternoon, and the ones tomorrow. If you fail to come on your own, I will see to it that the police make sure you come here." "I understand your honor," I replied. My mind was telling me right then and there that I would be arrested for sure. When I made it home at the end of the day, I told my wife all that had happened throughout the day. The next day's hearing was a very short one. The interim decision was announced right away. I was under arrest. My first encounter was with the handcuffs. What we saw only in movies and on television had become the reality of our own lives now. As I was being taken to the hospital for the routine check-up, with permission from the police I called up my wife to inform her of what was going on. She couldn't say anything except shed tears on the other end of the line. I don't know whether it was from the shock of it all or just me trying to keep my calm, but there were no tears or any sense of sorrow on my end. I was finally taken to the prison. After taking my information down, the guardians casually conversed on which ward to send me to, displaying such levity as if they were playing the lottery or some other game. When I heard B11, I was all ears since my father had also been kept in that same ward. I entered the ward and looked around hoping to see a familiar face when right before me stood the general director of the institution that I had been working for. "What are you doing here?" he asked me. I told him the whole story. I admit, I did cry a little bit then. "Are you hungry, let's fix you something to eat," they offered right away. As I ate, all my fellow "inmates" came over to say sorry for what had happened, asked my name and started up conversations to welcome me in. I stayed in that ward for about two weeks. Even the district governor from our hometown was there. From professors in the university to former police officers, people were there from all walks of life. I don't remember the exact date, but on one of the weekends we even had a "çiğ köfte" (traditional dish made with crushed wheat, tomato paste, herbs and spices, usually eaten as comfort food) party. We bought the supplies from the snack bar. One of our friends in the ward "kneaded" the delicacy. We prepared the "ayran" (traditional yogurt drink) and spread out our blankets in the courtyard. We ate and had a good time, we even enjoyed our tea afterwards. It was a truly extraordinary day spent in an extraordinary location. Towards the end, some friends grew so enthusiastic that they even started singing marches from Ottoman times (the Plevne march). I guess the prison guards were listening to us from the top floor because the guards immediately rushed over and shut the doors. The next day we received a written notice. Because of the march sung the day before, an investigation file was being opened on our ward. It was obvious that things were going to turn sour. A few days later the whole ward was dispersed, and everyone was sent somewhere else. We gathered in the courtyard and said our goodbyes. I cried a lot, it was a heartbreaking separation. I was sent to ward C7 with two other retired police officers. I stayed there for six weeks. It was about a quarter the size of the previous ward- -a small, tiny ward– but it was all the more sincere and warm. Like all the other wards, it was filled with educated gentlemen. From the morning until the afternoon, prayers books were read and conversations circled around the material that was read. When the afternoon prayer time rolled around, those of us who felt young gathered up and played some volleyball in the courtyard. I spent the Eid al-Adha (Festival of the Sacrifice) in that ward. It was an Eid that I will never forget and will always cherish. Among my fellow inmates was a former student's parent and a doctor who had previously stayed in the same ward with my father. A project being drawn up by the Ministry of Justice was revealed. They were planning to mix inmates like us together with criminals of petty offenses. They had chosen Konya to be the pilot prison to try out this new plan, but their plan did not operate like they had intended. So, one Tuesday morning, I was taken back to my old ward once again. This time around, the number of inmates had increased, the faces had changed, even the atmosphere felt a bit different. It didn't feel as comfortable as it used to be. Because it was more crowded now, everything from sleeping arrangements to the long bathroom lines, felt like a big issue now. Thank God, though, despite everything, days were going by quickly, with no fights or any uproars. A couple weeks later, the Konya "Çatı" file (in which many individuals were being tried for the same crime) hearings started. Some of the inmates in our ward were also being taken to the court as part of these hearings. One day, as we were waiting for our friends to come back from the hearings, someone had slid open the window opening on the ward door, asking for me. I had been outside in the courtyard while this was happening, and I rushed to the door when they said my father was calling for me. I was in shock. I couldn't believe my eyes. It had been months since I had last seen my father, and now he was standing right across from me. I held his hand so tightly, and we talked for a bit. He looked around at my ward and greeted some of the familiar faces he saw, and then all of a sudden they shut the window. It turns out they had secretly opened the window when waiting in the corridor. His friends had kept watch and covered for him. (I tried to illustrate this in the drawing No.24) This was bound to happen when his petition to have us stay in the same ward was turned down. When his petitions were left unanswered, he asked to meet in person with the director, and at last they were able to come to an agreement. One Friday, shortly after the noontime prayers (by the way, because our activities were always centered around the prayer times, when speaking about the time, the vocabulary naturally turned to expressions such as "after this prayer," "before that prayer," etc..) as I was reading from the Qur'an, the doors opened. There, standing at the door was my father, holding his belongings. I yelled out, "Father!" and reached towards him as he stepped inside. I learned later that when I cried out like that, one of my fellow inmates started crying because he hadn't seen his own father for months. It was heartbreaking to hear. Yet, happily for us, we had been united, father and son in the same ward. The last month passed by very quickly. Meanwhile, on the one hand, I was drawing my sketches of what life was like behind bars. On the other hand, I was getting ready for my court hearing. There was an inmate friend who had been a court clerk. I would consult with him, and we would exchange ideas on how I should go about my defense. All the while, my inmate friends would bring over pictures of their spouses, children, mothers and fathers, asking me to transform the pictures into a drawing for them. I did not want to break any of their hearts, so I would take them and work on them as well. On one of those days, I remember I had worked on five different pictures, one after the other, no break. Why they all waited until my last week there beats me! On Saturday, my group was on night duty; on Sunday, I was part of the cleaning crew. I was so beat that the "big brother" of the ward (when I say "big brother" don't imagine the kind you see in the movies who racketeers money from the other inmates; he was truly a guy who looked out for us and took care of our needs.) felt sorry for me and backed me up saying, "Why are you guys working this poor kid so much, ease up on him. He's being released tomorrow!" Monday afternoon I appeared at the court hearing and returned back to the ward towards the evening, a little after the nightly roll-call. Everyone's eyes were wide open, staring at me with questioning eyes. "RELEASE!" I yelled out and an excited uproar broke out. We celebrated with whistles and applause and congratulations all around. I told everyone how it all went down. After the nightly prayer, I said my goodbyes and left for home. I must have been the only inmate who found it so hard to leave their prison ward, because it also meant I was being separated from my father–again. As I stepped out, I turned and said, "See you Wednesday." Some of them looked at me with a puzzled expression, but then it hit them that it was open visitation on Wednesday! I would be coming to see my father, as a visitor this time!
WHY I DREW THESE PICTURES
The year I started my university education, I considered dropping out, and on not just one, but three separate occasions. In fact, on my third attempt, I even made it as far as the door of the Student Affairs office (and turned back around, of course). It was an environment that I just couldn't get used to. I felt like I was in a completely different world. People were so relaxed, so occupied with themselves, not stopping to look around at other people and just going about their own (selfish) lives. As for the professors, they were on a whole different planet, so to speak. I felt like I was a foreign student from a faraway land. As I was about to open the door of the Student Affairs office, a thought hit me, just like that, "If I came all the way here, somehow, some way, then there must be a reason for it." And at that moment, I decided against leaving. If I had dropped out of school, I would never have become a teacher; if I hadn't become a teacher, my work permit would never have been canceled for such an arbitrary reason, I would never have had a criminal case opened in my name, I would never have been locked up behind bars, I would never have had the opportunity to meet so many amazing people in prison, never have had the memories which I portray in my drawings to share with you… The first thought that came to my mind after I was put in prison was, "Well, I finally get to have a vacation." One of my inmate friends who was an assistant professor in the field of physics (I keep referring back to the people I met in prison. I can't help it, because they are all such special and precious individuals whom I cherish. I had always heard about how the friendships formed in the military and in prison were unforgettable, now I know by experience.) said to me, "Brother, I never had a chance to get a tattoo when I was outside, would you draw a dragon tattoo on my shoulder?" I couldn't say no to such a wish, so I drew one, using a pen. A few days later, a group of friends chatting in the courtyard caught my attention, and I was moved to make a drawing of them (note picture No.18). In fact, one of my friends in the prison wanted to keep the drawing as a memory, so I gifted it to him. A colleague of mine, who had also been my director and who had first welcomed me into the ward, saw the work I did and said to me, "If you ask me, you should draw all that you can to portray what it is like in here, show them in your drawings. A day will come when justice will be sought in the courts. Just as there was a way into all of this, there will be a way out.. When that day comes, everyone should be able to see what we went through." Upon his advice, I started observing all the activities going on about me more intently, such as the roll-call in the ward, the bathroom line, the "snack bar" day, open visitations, what the ward looked like on a regular day, etc..and I stored everything in my memory. I even felt the need to apologize to my wife one evening. "What are you apologizing for?" she asked me. "I didn't pay much attention to you during visitation," I replied. "I was busy observing all that was going on around us so I could store them in my memory and get it down in my drawings." I drew all that I could find time for while I was still "inside" and the rest of the drawings, I completed after my release. Whenever some friends ask me whether there's anything new, I give a vague answer and say, "I'm working on it…" Months ago, when I did share a couple of my drawings, they somehow got passed back and forth among friends wanting to share with their close ones, and all of a sudden I had become an anonymous artist on social media. Whenever I started working on anything new, my inmate friends would joke around, saying, "Don't forget to draw me too bro!" and would always support me. One of my friends in ward C7 said to me, "Brother, whatever you see here, try and carry it all as best you can onto your drawings. We try and do the best we can to pour out our hearts, to write down our memories, our poems, our homesickness and our experiences as best we can, but what you can express through your drawings can only be expressed through pages and pages of writing and still not be as effective." (The person saying this to me was a professor who had authored the only book written in his own specific field of study.) When I had returned to my previous ward and got to meet new people and form new friendships, I had the opportunity to get to know them and listen to their stories as well. When I told them about my interest in drawing, the first thing they would ask me would be, "Brother, have you drawn pictures about our life here?" and I would rush and bring my drawings to show them. They would admire the drawings and grow emotional. One of them even said, "I keep telling my wife about how we even wash dishes and do laundry and clean and mop, but she blows me off telling me not to exaggerate. If I showed her this, she certainly wouldn't be so cynical anymore." The smile that would appear on the faces of those looking at the drawings, it was truly something invaluable, priceless; it meant more to me than the wealth of the worlds. A brother who looked at the pictures said, "Brother, you truly have found your calling here." I was walking on clouds that day. I was so filled with joy– it felt like I was literally flying. I went to bed late that night. I stayed up, working on my drawings. I thought to myself, "I wish I could change wards every week and be able to draw the uniqueness being experienced in each one of them." With these thoughts running through my head, I have tried to take notes of all the moments and memories I stored in my heart and mind. Unfortunately, there were some drawings that I could not finish to include in this book. I hope and pray that I have been able to duly portray the atmosphere we all experienced on the "inside." I thank God that He put me in there. I got to experience unforgettable memories, and I got to know unforgettable people while I was in there. And I was blessed to experience some of the most delicious food I have ever tasted in my life, like the menemen (traditional breakfast dish made with eggs, tomatoes, and peppers) our friends had prepared for us on the semaver (traditional tea pot) during our Eid al-Adha (Festival of the Sacrifice) celebratory breakfast.
If I were a swallow flapping
his winds at the setting sun,
If I ripped out the pages
of my life and started anew
If swung my prayer beads through every
inch of the concrete courtyard I walked
on, while saying a prayer for each new
day, hoping this would end one day
If I raised my hands a bit higher each day,
for you, and my family, and your children
If I begged and pleaded as
my hands touched the ceiling of
the ward, would you, o brother, give me
a handful of your freedom?
I raise my hands up
to my Lord, and I pray,
Please don't silence this
melody before its day.
These tribulations
shall surely be no more,
As the whole world
will witness one day..
This study aims to analyze the impacts of the state of emergency declared after the 2016 coup attempt in Turkey on the academic achievements of the universities.
After the coup attempt on July 15th of 2016 in Turkey, a total of 6,070 academics have been dismissed from 122 state institutions following 11 issued emergency decrees (KHK)[1]. 2,808 academics have been added to this list with the closure of 15 private universities [2]. In total, 8,878 academics have been dismissed from their jobs, corresponding to nearly 15 percent of the number of academics in Turkey. The academics who voluntarily left the country are not included in this number.
Considering graduate and undergraduate studies, an average of 12 years should be spent on being an academic. According to the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), the average amount of expenditure of a person starting from primary education until becoming an academic is approximately 124.448 USD [3]. This means Turkey's financial loss to be roughly around 1.1 billion USD.
In this study, the impacts on the worldwide success ranking of the universities after the cruelty that occurred in public universities in Turkey are examined. The top 50 universities of Turkey are also amongst the 122 universities from where the academics were dismissed. The total number of dismissed academics from the 50 universities is 4,632. Table 1 and Figure 1 detail the number of dismissed academics on a university basis. Dumlupınar University ranks highest on that list, with its 13.6% of academics having been dismissed by emergency decrees. On average, one in every 7 scientists was dismissed. Figure 2 shows that 20 universities have the highest rate in this regard.
Observing the rate of change in academic ranking on a university basis reveals that the success rankings of these institutions decreased by an average of 18%, despite 5% dismissal rate at the top 50 universities [4]. This is an important indicator showing the contribution of the dismissed academics to the scientific achievements in Turkey. Another issue to consider is that instead of dismissed academics, new academics were recruited between 2016 and 2019, thereby increasing the total number of academics by around 7% [5]. Despite the new recruitments, academic setbacks at such a high level are very thought-provoking. The universities which had significant changes in the academic ranking are identified in Figure 3. Celal Bayar University ranks highest on that list, attracting large attention. It ranked 2,207 in the world university rankings before July 2016; however, its ranking dropped to 4,755 in December of 2019, a dramatic change by 109%. Celal Bayar University is followed by Bülent Ecevit University with a 70% drop rate. Noticeably, 42 of the 50 universities experienced a decrease in the world rankings, whereas only 8 universities' rankings remained the same.
In conclusion, the personal success index (contribution index of the dismissed to academic success), which is formed by dividing the change in the ranking by the rate of dismissing, was calculated. The aim was to calculate the impact of dismissed academics on the success of universities. At this point, the most notable one is Ege University which is ranked highest on that list. Although the total number of dismissed academics at Ege University was 45 and its rate is 1.4%, the global ranking of this university has decreased from 674 to 913, which indicates that academic success has decreased by 35%. The index of this university was calculated at 25.33. Similarly, in the third place of the list, although the total number of dismissed academics at Istanbul Technical University was 32 and the rate was 1.4%, the world ranking of this university decreased by 19% and its index was 13,76. The universities that have the highest index are stated in Figure 4.
University Number of
dismissed academics Total number
of academics Rate of dismissed
academics (%)
You can read more from PDF Link….
Your ticket for the: GRAVE DECLINE IN ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT BETWEEN 2016-2020 IN TURKEY


Central Arizona College seeks businesses and organizations to participate in the Fifth Annual Job Expo on March 27.
According to a press release, the expo will be from 10 a.m. to 1 p.m. on Wednesday, March 27, at the San Tan Campus, 3736 E. Bella Vista Road in San Tan Valley.
"The expo is a great opportunity to access a lot of talent in a short period of time and allows companies the opportunity for valuable face-to-face interaction with potential candidates," said CAC Coordinator of Student Employment Ann Mitchell in a prepared statement.
The cost for profit organizations is $30 and for non-profit organizations, the charge is $20 with IRS proof of non-profit standing, the release noted.
Each exhibitor will be provided with a table/chair and lunch for one representative, added the release.
Registrations are due by March 4. After this date, a $10 late fee will be assessed. A confirmation will be sent via email upon receipt of a paid registration. Space is assigned on a first-come basis. The last day to register for the expo is March 18.
For more information on how to register for the expo, or obtain a registration form, contact Ms. Mitchell at 520-494-5428, or e-mail ann.mitchell@centralaz.edu.


Paul McCartney insists his late Beatles bandmate John Lennon never compared himself to Jesus Christ during the Fab Four's heyday.
The rocker claims a controversial quote attributed to his late songwriting partner, suggesting he thought the Beatles were bigger than Jesus, is one of many myths linked to the band - although he admits it was the sort of thing Lennon might have said.
"I don't remember that (and) I think I would have remembered that," he tells GQ. "He was the kind of guy that could do that, (but) I don't remember him actually ever doing it.
"I could say to him, 'No, we're not doing that'. He was a good enough guy to know when he was being told."
McCartney also shoots down Lennon's boast about trepanning - drilling through the skull to the brain.
"John was a kooky cat," he adds. "We'd all read about it - you know, this is the 60s. The 'ancient art of trepanning', which lent a little bit of validity to it, because ancient must be good. I don't think he was really serious. He did say it, but he said all sorts of s**t.
"John always wanted to jump over the cliff. He once said that to me: 'Have you ever thought of jumping?' I said, 'F**k off. You jump, and tell me how it is'. That's basically the difference in our personalities... I'm more careful in everything.
"My dad is a very strong factor in this. He was an ordinary working-class guy, very intelligent, very good with words, but his whole philosophy was to think it out a bit. So that turned out to be my sort of way. Whereas John, you've got to remember, didn't have a father. John didn't even have an uncle. He went to live with the uncle - the uncle died. His dad had run away.
"So John felt like he was a jinx on the male line, he told me."


Distance Between Legs: Width between legs: 6.8125", Length between legs: 18.75"
This solid oak side table adds a beautiful touch beside any couch or chair. The durability of the wood is equal to the beauty of its grain, with lumber chosen for its quality and natural characteristics. The eight available finish options mean that the side table will look right at home in your home, whatever your color palette. Dimensions: W12" D24" H23"


text:
Our Associates are at the heart of our Petcare story
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By Poul Weihrauch, Global President Mars Petcare
Pets make our world better. It's a simple statement, but one that underpins why we exist. Anyone lucky enough to have a pet instinctively knows this to be true. But the scientific evidence is compelling. Pets make us healthier, fitter, happier. Studies show pets help children learn, ease loneliness, make societies safer and so much more. Through our Waltham Petcare Science Institute, Mars Petcare has funded nearly 100 studies with world-leading experts to understand the role pets play in our lives. And it's an incredibly powerful role. It's at the heart of why we, about 100,000 pet-loving Associates in almost 130 countries, live our Purpose every day: A Better World for Pets.
Our first-ever Purpose report is a way for us to share how we bring our Purpose to life. But it's really an ode to our Associates. It's their motivation, their dedication and their care that enable us to deliver on our commitment to pets every day.
Never is a Purpose put to the test more than in times of crisis, and that's been true for us at Mars Petcare. Our people are at the heart of this story and we can't live our Purpose without dedicated, safe and supported Associates. That's why our number one priority throughout the COVID-19 pandemic has been to keep our Associates safe. By adapting quickly to ensure our factories and veterinary hospitals, clinics and labs could operate safely, we were able to continue to provide nutrition and care to the millions of pets around the world who rely on us every day.
In these pages, you'll see how, through the compassionate care of our 70,000 global Mars Veterinary Health Associates, we're driving medical advances and improving pet health outcomes. You'll learn about how we're using data and Artificial Intelligence (AI) to develop breakthroughs in diagnostics and leveraging decades of scientific expertise to continually advance and tailor nutrition for pets. You'll also notice we're working to embed sustainability into everything we do. We're taking bold actions for a sustainable future, innovating with the health and wellbeing of pets, people, and planet in mind.
And we don't just think about the pets lucky enough to have caring owners and homes. Our Purpose — A Better World for Pets — is for all pets, not just the ones we serve. Sadly, millions of pets still don't have a loving home or the care they need to thrive, which is why we're collaborating with a coalition of global experts to create a first-of-its-kind index to measure and address the key drivers of pet homelessness around the world. We're also using our voice to advocate for more pet-friendly policies and cities, increasing access to veterinary care for millions, and helping remove barriers to pet ownership across the world.
This is just the first volume of our story, and we look forward to continuing to share our progress. We're proud of how far we've come and committed to how much there still is to do. I hope you enjoy the story so far!
Read all about the people and pets at the heart of our story in our Purpose Report.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


We Have a Winner for Our Favorite Engagement Reveal Contest!
"The bride and groom are both members of the Arkansas State University Cheerleading team. The team was getting ready to travel to Orlando to compete in the Universal Cheerleading Association's College Nationals cheer competition. The night before they left, they participated in a showcase to perform their routine for the public. During this showcase, all three ASU spirit squads and their mascot, "Howl," helped with the proposal."
As if that's not cute enough on its own, there's also an adorable engagement video to boot!
Because we couldn't share just one of these precious engagement snaps, we decided to include the top 10 crowd favorites. Enjoy!
"The weekend of February 18, my mom told me to make sure I was off work and able to come home to take family pictures. As soon as Kenneth and I had finished getting ready, my parents told us we could go ahead in my car and they would be right behind us. When we finally got to Burns Park in Little Rock, we found our photographer, Becca White. She informed me that my mom had just called her and they were running a few minutes late. She had a quilted blanket, a water pail with a dozen roses and a few other props for us. We went ahead and took a few pictures of just Kenneth and he asked if we could take some pictures with the flowers. He handed me the flowers and grabbed my hands and the next thing I knew he was down on one knee!!! I was so excited Becca was there to capture one of the best moments of my life! After he proposed we took a few more pictures and headed back to Bryant where we were greeted by all of our close friends and family! It was perfect!!"
"Jesse and I both attend the University of Arkansas and since I've cheered for four years, he knew Razorback Stadium would be the perfect place to ask. The Friday before a big game, the stadium glows red. It was there overlooking the field he asked me in front of all of our friends and family. We celebrated the next day with 72,000 of our closest friends and a Razorback win!"
"Evan brought me to the Bentonville Square, my favorite place in the world, where we happened to 'run into' my parents. They stalled me in casual conversation while he went to go get my favorite ice cream from Spark Cafe. He came back, I turned around and saw a cone with a 'Marry Me?' sign in it. He got on one knee, and I saw in his eyes that this was the moment we would remember forever. After I said yes, his family came out of the bushes with a camera and flowers! It was so nice to have all our family there to celebrate the moment with us. I can't wait until our big day, June 3rd. It will be the best day of our lives!"
"Michael planned a birthday dinner for Antionesha that included her family and closest friends. Right before dinner was served, he got down on one knee and asked her to become his wife! They're tying the knot on Saturday May 6, 2017!"
"We went to the beach for our summer vacation with my parents and we were supposed to be just taking some beach pictures before we went to dinner. My mom was supposed to be 'making sure her camera was working' and so we were being silly, making some funny faces and playing around when all of the sudden Daniel gets on his knee and pulls the ring out of his back pocket! HE PROPOSED right there on the beach with my mom taking photos and my dad was video-ing!! My grandparents and brother and sister were there, too! It was so special!! Everyone on the beach (and being 4th of July weekend, there were TONS) was clapping and congratulating us!! Our romance is truly a fairy tale! We met a week and half before I left to study abroad in Spain for five months last year. We fell deeply in love as we had really long facetiming sessions and traveled Europe together. I'm marrying my best friend!"
"We were supposed to be meeting Zach's family before dinner to take family photos in a beautiful area with Christmas lights and a Christmas tree in WaterColor, Florida. When we arrived his parents and sister were 'running late' but a photographer approached us claiming to do 'marketing in the area' and asked to take a few pictures of us and his brother. Shortly thereafter, he got down on one knee and asked to spend forever with me! We later went to the restaurant where my parents and two of my best friends surprised me. So sweet!"
"Stetson told me that Ashley wanted to give him a photoshoot as a graduation and birthday gift. He graduated from UALR in December and his birthday was January 31. He proposed to me on HIS birthday! The shoot was actually a planned proposal. I was totally surprised."
"After church on a Sunday in October, Jon asked if he could take me to the Fayetteville Botanical Gardens. After brunch, we walked around the beautiful garden and talked about all of the things we were looking forward to in the next coming months. As we walked out to the parking lot, I needed to run to the restroom inside, so Jon said that he would meet me by the car. To my surprise, when I came back out, my sister was sitting in the parking lot with the biggest grin — she rolled down the window and said, 'Get in the car, it's the day you've been waiting for your whole life!' She threw an Anthropologie bag over my head and drove me to the place where Jon had first told me he loved me. I got out of the car and slowly walked to a beautiful awning overlooking Fayetteville. He then got down on one knee and asked if he could have the honor of being my best friend and husband for the rest of my life. He opened the green velvet box and revealed a ring that I would later find out was made with my mother's engagement diamond. Behind us was a perfect picnic (picnics are my love language) and a stack of letters written to us from our close friends and family."
"Ethan and I met for the first time at Hammontrees in Fayetteville. My friends tricked me in to thinking we were having a casual dinner, but Ethan ended up proposing to me at the same table we met at a year later!"


text:
Shooting Stars are the Flying Fish of the Night by Lynn Michell and Stefan Gregory
Publication date: June 2013
Publisher: Linen Press Publishing
Genre: Adventure/Memoir/Family/Reality/Sailing
Synopsis: We dreamed for years of crossing an ocean. Then we did it in a blue boat called Scarlet. This is a book of many voyages.
There is the meandering trail that leads to the right boat for crossing an ocean. There is the preparation – stalled in a sweltering American boatyard while arguments about equipment and finance combine with the narrowing of the hurricane window. There is the crossing itself which starts with the wrong weather, broken boat parts, torn sails, serious leaks and a very sea sick crew as Scarlet gets blown off course in unkind seas.
Male and female monologues form the internal voyages. The skipper's thoughts range from the challenges of fitting a wind vane to almost losing an arm in a tangled genoa to the navigational system of the Puluwat Islanders. His wife describes diminishing supplies, the damp, bruises, blue eggs, jelly fish and her anxiety about the deteriorating health of her son who, suffering from ME, should not have been persuaded to go with them.
External and internal journeys criss-cross as Scarlet sails on across 3000 miles of ocean. She would have told a different story.
Additional details: When Edinburgh couple Lynn Michell and Stefan Gregory and their 23-year-old son, Louis, set out to sail across the Atlantic on their 48ft Cardinal yacht, they knew not to expect plain sailing all the way. But they didn't expect a weeklong ordeal off the coast of New England, which would test them all to their limits before their journey was well begun. And things became worse still as the punishing conditions threatened to cause a relapse of the chronic ME from which Louis and Lynn had both suffered.
The story of their 3,000-mile journey, its trials and triumphs, is told with honesty and humour in Shooting Stars are the Flying Fish of the Night, written by Lynn and Stefan. The book interweaves their separate accounts of the voyage, which at times differ radically. "It has been in the making for a number of years," says Lynn, a writer who runs Edinburgh-based publisher Linen Press. "When we put our two accounts together they didn't quite match up, but we did finally agree a version we are both happy with."
We dreamed for years of crossing an ocean. Then we did it in a blue boat called Scarlet. This is a book of many voyages.


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text:
Emma Rider: Quenching Soles
Post category:Get Involved / Shoe Program
Join us and our team as we support Emma Rider to continue saving lives with safe water. If Emma wins the Jefferson Lead360 Award, she could travel to Thailand, Fiji, Tanzania, Peru, India, Costa Rica, or next year's Super Bowl as a WaterStep Ambassador. Join us in furthering WaterStep's mission of saving lives with safe water. Here is what you can do:
1. Commit to voting for Emma at least once a day until May 21st, here. It's just one click! Set up a reminder on your phone or laptop and start voting today. And by the way, you can vote multiple times a day as log as your internet source changes. So vote throughout the day if you can.
2. Share the link on Twitter and Facebook, or copy and paste this post to an email and send it out to friends to encourage them to join in. Check the pages each day to learn more about Emma and share or retweet our posts.
3. Champion Emma's cause at your work, school or organization by motivating them to vote every day.
Together, we can support Emma to save lives with safe water all around the world.
Read more about Emma's story with WaterStep below.
Teenager Emma Rider, from southern Delaware, has collected over 80,000 pounds of shoes to support WaterStep. Those 80,000 shoes have supported safe water projects all over the world, thanks to Emma's dedication.
Emma first heard about WaterStep through her brothers who took mission trips with WaterStep. Emma soon heard about the trips and joined in. When Emma's brother worked for WaterStep over the summer as an intern, he shared facts and statistics with her about the world's water crisis.
"The statistics that got me were that a child a died every 10 seconds due to a water related disease. I love kids so I couldn't hear that and ignore it," she said.
She set her first goal to collect 4,000 pairs of shoes, which would pay for one purification system at the time, but she exceeded her goal, collecting 8,500 in just five months.
She quickly set her next goal of 22,000 shoes, and collected even more than her goal again. "I've stopped setting goals because they always exceed my expectation," she said. Members of the WaterStep staff have even called her the "Shoe Princess," because of how successful and hard-working she has been with her shoe drives.
To promote shoe drives, Emma speaks at different 4h groups, schools, organizations, and churches. "At first I would contact a church and try to get in the newspaper to gain some attention," she said, " But at this point, people contact me to ask me to speak." When she speaks, Emma shares the story of the world's water crisis and what WaterStep is doing to help.
In January 2013, Emma went to Kenya to help install three water purifiers and was able to experience her own work come full circle. Emma's older brother, who was supposed to lead the training, became sick the final day of the trip when he was supposed to train locals how to use the chlorine generator.
The missionary that was with them looked to Emma and said, "You'll have to train them." Emma stepped up to the plate and trained 12 African men how to install a chlorine generator. "It was cool to see that they listened to and trusted me, this American teenage girl."
Emma also is passionate about the WaterBall, and speaking about it when she can. At a WaterStep event, she met a woman from Uganda who told her about how she grew up hauling water everyday and she had to walk for miles, knowing that this water she was hauling would eventually make her family sick. "The fact that I met her and she had so many stories and she didn't go to school because she hauled water for her family really motivated me," Emma said.
Emma talks about the WaterBall because her audiences are often groups of women who can connect to the women in developing countries who must sacrifice hours each day for their families.
Emma has made a huge impact on WaterStep's mission through shoe collection, leading a training in the field, supporting the WaterBall and so much more. Her story is a reminder that anyone at any age can make a difference in the world. For more info on collecting shoes, check out our Why Shoes page.
The 5th Annual Waterstep I-Thirst Dinner
Ashley Hall – Intern of the Year
Getting Involved – Cliff Carlson


text:
Q: nth fibonacci number in sublinear time Is there any algorithm to compute the nth fibonacci number in sub linear time?

A: The nth Fibonacci number is given by
f(n) = Floor(phi^n / sqrt(5) + 1/2)

where
phi = (1 + sqrt(5)) / 2

Assuming that the primitive mathematical operations (+, -, * and /) are O(1) you can use this result to compute the nth Fibonacci number in O(log n) time (O(log n) because of the exponentiation in the formula).
In C#:
static double inverseSqrt5 = 1 / Math.Sqrt(5);
static double phi = (1 + Math.Sqrt(5)) / 2;
/* should use
   const double inverseSqrt5 = 0.44721359549995793928183473374626
   const double phi = 1.6180339887498948482045868343656
*/

static int Fibonacci(int n) {
    return (int)Math.Floor(Math.Pow(phi, n) * inverseSqrt5 + 0.5);
}

A: If you want the exact number (which is a "bignum", rather than an int/float), then I'm afraid that
It's impossible!
As stated above, the formula for Fibonacci numbers is:

fib n = floor (phin/√5 + 1/2)
fib n ~= phin/√5

How many digits is fib n?

numDigits (fib n) = log (fib n) = log (phin/√5) = log phin - log √5 = n * log phi - log √5
numDigits (fib n) = n * const + const
it's O(n)

Since the requested result is of O(n), it can't be calculated in less than O(n) time.
If you only want the lower digits of the answer, then it is possible to calculate in sub-linear time using the matrix exponentiation method.

A: Wikipedia has a closed form solution
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibonacci_number
Or in c#:
    public static int Fibonacci(int N)
    {
        double sqrt5 = Math.Sqrt(5);
        double phi = (1 + sqrt5) / 2.0;
        double fn = (Math.Pow(phi, N) - Math.Pow(1 - phi, N)) / sqrt5;
        return (int)fn;
    }

A: For really big ones, this recursive function works. It uses the following equations:
F(2n-1) = F(n-1)^2 + F(n)^2
F(2n) = (2*F(n-1) + F(n)) * F(n)

You need a library that lets you work with big integers. I use the BigInteger library from https://mattmccutchen.net/bigint/.
Start with an array of of fibonacci numbers. Use fibs[0]=0, fibs[1]=1, fibs[2]=1, fibs[3]=2, fibs[4]=3, etc.  In this example, I use an array of the first 501 (counting 0). You can find the first 500 non-zero Fibonacci numbers here: http://home.hiwaay.net/~jalison/Fib500.html. It takes a little editing to put it in the right format, but that is not too hard.
Then you can find any Fibonacci number using this function (in C):
BigUnsigned GetFib(int numfib)
{
int n;
BigUnsigned x, y, fib;

if (numfib < 501) // Just get the Fibonacci number from the fibs array
    {
       fib=(stringToBigUnsigned(fibs[numfib]));
    }
else if (numfib%2) // numfib is odd
    {
       n=(numfib+1)/2;
       x=GetFib(n-1);
       y=GetFib(n);
       fib=((x*x)+(y*y));
    }
else // numfib is even
    {
       n=numfib/2;
       x=GetFib(n-1);
       y=GetFib(n);
       fib=(((big2*x)+y)*y);
   }
return(fib);
}

I've tested this for the 25,000th Fibonacci number and the like.

A: One of the exercises in SICP is about this, which has the answer described here.
In the imperative style, the program would look something like

Function Fib(count)
    a ← 1
    b ← 0
    p ← 0
    q ← 1

    While count > 0 Do
        If Even(count) Then
             p ← p² + q²
             q ← 2pq + q²
             count ← count ÷ 2
        Else
             a ← bq + aq + ap
             b ← bp + aq
             count ← count - 1
        End If
    End While

    Return b
End Function

A: Here's my recursive version that recurses log(n) times.  I think that it's easiest to read in the recursive form:
def my_fib(x):
  if x < 2:
    return x
  else:
    return my_fib_helper(x)[0]

def my_fib_helper(x):
  if x == 1:
    return (1, 0)
  if x % 2 == 1:
    (p,q) = my_fib_helper(x-1)
    return (p+q,p)
  else:
    (p,q) = my_fib_helper(x/2)
    return (p*p+2*p*q,p*p+q*q)

It works because you can compute fib(n),fib(n-1) using fib(n-1),fib(n-2) if n is odd and if n is even, you can compute fib(n),fib(n-1) using fib(n/2),fib(n/2-1).
The base case and the odd case are simple.  To derive the even case, start with a,b,c as consecutive fibonacci values (eg, 8,5,3) and write them in a matrix, with a = b+c.  Notice:
[1 1] * [a b]  =  [a+b a]
[1 0]   [b c]     [a   b]

From that, we see that a matrix of the first three fibonacci numbers, times a matrix of any three consecutive fibonacci numbers, equals the next.  So we know that:
      n
[1 1]   =  [fib(n+1) fib(n)  ]
[1 0]      [fib(n)   fib(n-1)]

So:
      2n                        2
[1 1]    =  [fib(n+1) fib(n)  ]
[1 0]       [fib(n)   fib(n-1)]

Simplifying the right hand side leads to the even case.

A: You can do it by exponentiating a matrix of integers as well. If you have the matrix
    / 1  1 \
M = |      |
    \ 1  0 /

then (M^n)[1, 2] is going to be equal to the nth Fibonacci number, if [] is a matrix subscript and ^ is matrix exponentiation. For a fixed-size matrix, exponentiation to an positive integral power can be done in O(log n) time in the same way as with real numbers.
EDIT: Of course, depending on the type of answer you want, you may be able to get away with a constant-time algorithm. Like the other formulas show, the nth Fibonacci number grows exponentially with n. Even with 64-bit unsigned integers, you'll only need a 94-entry lookup table in order to cover the entire range.
SECOND EDIT: Doing the matrix exponential with an eigendecomposition first is exactly equivalent to JDunkerly's solution below. The eigenvalues of this matrix are the (1 + sqrt(5))/2 and (1 - sqrt(5))/2.

A: Following from Pillsy's reference to matrix exponentiation, such that for the matrix

M = [1 1]
    [1 0]

then fib(n) = Mn1,2
Raising matrices to powers using repeated multiplication is not very efficient.
Two approaches to matrix exponentiation are divide and conquer which yields Mn in O(ln n) steps, or eigenvalue decomposition which is constant time, but may introduce errors due to limited floating point precision.
If you want an exact value greater than the precision of your floating point implementation, you have to use the O ( ln n ) approach based on this relation:
Mn = (Mn/2)2 if n even
   = M·Mn-1 if n is odd

The eigenvalue decomposition on M finds two matrices U and Λ such that Λ is diagonal and  M  = U Λ U-1
 Mn = ( U Λ U-1) n
    = U Λ U-1 U Λ U-1 U Λ U-1 ... n times
    = U Λ Λ Λ ... U-1
    = U Λ n U-1

Raising a the diagonal matrix Λ to the nth power is a simple matter of raising each element in  Λ to the nth, so this gives an O(1) method of raising M to the nth power. However, the values in Λ are not likely to be integers, so some error will occur.

Defining Λ for our 2x2 matrix as

Λ = [ λ1 0 ]
  = [ 0 λ2 ]

To find each λ, we solve
 |M - λI| = 0
which gives
 |M - λI| = -λ ( 1 - λ ) - 1

λ² - λ - 1 = 0

using the quadratic formula

λ    = ( -b ± √ ( b² - 4ac ) ) / 2a
     = ( 1 ± √5 ) / 2
 { λ1, λ2 } = { Φ, 1-Φ } where Φ = ( 1 + √5 ) / 2

If you've read Jason's answer, you can see where this is going to go.
Solving for the eigenvectors X1 and X2:

if X1 = [ X1,1, X1,2 ]

 M.X1 1 = λ1X1

 X1,1 + X1,2 = λ1 X1,1
 X1,1      = λ1 X1,2

=>
 X1 = [ Φ,   1 ]
 X2 = [ 1-Φ, 1 ]

These vectors give U:

U = [ X1,1, X2,2 ]
    [ X1,1, X2,2 ]

  = [ Φ,   1-Φ ]
    [ 1,   1   ]

Inverting U using

A   = [  a   b ]
      [  c   d ]
=>
A-1 = ( 1 / |A| )  [  d  -b ]
                   [ -c   a ]

so U-1 is given by

U-1 = ( 1 / ( Φ - ( 1 - Φ ) )  [  1  Φ-1 ]
                               [ -1   Φ  ]
U-1 = ( √5 )-1  [  1  Φ-1 ]
               [ -1   Φ  ]

Sanity check:

UΛU-1 = ( √5 )-1 [ Φ   1-Φ ] . [ Φ   0 ] . [ 1  Φ-1 ]
                     [ 1   1  ]   [ 0  1-Φ ]   [ -1   Φ ]

let Ψ = 1-Φ, the other eigenvalue

as Φ is a root of λ²-λ-1=0
so  -ΨΦ = Φ²-Φ = 1
and Ψ+Φ = 1

UΛU-1 = ( √5 )-1 [ Φ   Ψ ] . [ Φ   0 ] . [  1  -Ψ ]
                 [ 1   1 ]   [ 0   Ψ ]   [ -1   Φ ]

       = ( √5 )-1 [ Φ   Ψ ] . [ Φ   -ΨΦ ]
                 [ 1   1 ]   [ -Ψ  ΨΦ ]

       = ( √5 )-1 [ Φ   Ψ ] . [ Φ    1 ]
                 [ 1   1 ]   [ -Ψ  -1 ]

       = ( √5 )-1 [ Φ²-Ψ²  Φ-Ψ ]
                  [ Φ-Ψ      0 ]

       = [ Φ+Ψ   1 ]
         [ 1     0 ]

       = [ 1     1 ]
         [ 1     0 ]

       = M

So the sanity check holds.
Now we have everything we need to calculate Mn1,2:

Mn = UΛnU-1
   = ( √5 )-1 [ Φ   Ψ ] . [ Φn  0 ] . [  1  -Ψ ]
              [ 1   1 ]   [ 0   Ψn ]   [ -1   Φ ]

   = ( √5 )-1 [ Φ   Ψ ] . [  Φn  -ΨΦn ]
              [ 1   1 ]   [ -Ψn   ΨnΦ ]

   = ( √5 )-1 [ Φ   Ψ ] . [  Φn   Φn-1 ]
              [ 1   1 ]   [ -Ψn  -Ψn-1 ] as ΨΦ = -1

   = ( √5 )-1 [ Φn+1-Ψn+1      Φn-Ψn ]
              [ Φn-Ψn      Φn-1-Ψn-1 ]

so

 fib(n) = Mn1,2
        = ( Φn - (1-Φ)n ) / √5

Which agrees with the formula given elsewhere.
You can derive it from a recurrance relation, but in engineering computing and simulation calculating the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of large matrices is an important activity, as it gives stability and harmonics of systems of equations, as well as allowing raising matrices to high powers efficiently.

A: using R
l1 <- (1+sqrt(5))/2
l2 <- (1-sqrt(5))/2

P <- matrix(c(0,1,1,0),nrow=2) #permutation matrix
S <- matrix(c(l1,1,l2,1),nrow=2)
L <- matrix(c(l1,0,0,l2),nrow=2)
C <- c(-1/(l2-l1),1/(l2-l1))

k<-20 ; (S %*% L^k %*% C)[2]
[1] 6765

A: Fixed point arithmetic is inaccurate. Jason's C# code gives incorrect answer for n = 71 (308061521170130 instead of 308061521170129) and beyond.
For correct answer, use a computational algebra system. Sympy is such a library for Python. There's an interactive console at http://live.sympy.org/ . Copy and paste this function
phi = (1 + sqrt(5)) / 2
def f(n):
    return floor(phi**n / sqrt(5) + 1/2)

Then calculate
>>> f(10)
55

>>> f(71)
308061521170129

You might like to try inspecting phi.

A: Here's a one-liner that computes F(n), using integers of size O(n), in O(log n) arithmetic operations:
for i in range(1, 50):
    print(i, pow(2<<i, i, (4<<2*i)-(2<<i)-1)//(2<<i))

Using integers of size O(n) is reasonable, since that's comparable to size of the answer.
To understand this, let phi be the golden ratio (the largest solution to x^2=x+1) and F(n) be the n'th Fibonacci number, where F(0)=0, F(1)=F(2)=1
Now, phi^n = F(n-1) + F(n)phi.

Proof by induction: phi^1 = 0 + 1*phi = F(0) + F(1)phi. And if phi^n =
  F(n-1) + F(n)phi, then phi^(n+1) = F(n-1)phi + F(n)phi^2 = F(n-1)phi +
  F(n)(phi+1) = F(n) + (F(n)+F(n-1))phi = F(n) + F(n+1)phi. The only tricky step in this calculation is the one that replaces phi^2 by (1+phi), which follows because phi is the golden ratio.

Also numbers of the form (a+b*phi), where a, b are integers are closed under multiplication.

Proof: (p0+p1*phi)(q0+q1*phi) = p0q0 + (p0q1+q1p0)phi + p1q1*phi^2 =
  p0q0 + (p0q1+q1p0)phi + p1q1*(phi+1) = (p0q0+p1q1) +
  (p0q1+q1p0+p1q1)*phi.

Using this representation, one can compute phi^n in O(log n) integer operations using exponentiation by squaring. The result will be F(n-1)+F(n)phi, from which one can read off the n'th Fibonacci number.
def mul(p, q):
    return p[0]*q[0]+p[1]*q[1], p[0]*q[1]+p[1]*q[0]+p[1]*q[1]

def pow(p, n):
    r=1,0
    while n:
        if n&1: r=mul(r, p)
        p=mul(p, p)
        n=n>>1
    return r

for i in range(1, 50):
    print(i, pow((0, 1), i)[1])

Note that the majority of this code is a standard exponentiation-by-squaring function.
To get to the one-liner that starts this answer, one can note that representing phi by a large enough integer X, one can perform (a+b*phi)(c+d*phi) as the integer operation (a+bX)(c+dX) modulo (X^2-X-1). Then the pow function can be replaced by the standard Python pow function (which conveniently includes a third argument z which calculates the result modulo z. The X chosen is 2<<i.

A: Apart from fine-tuning by mathematical approaches, one of the best optimum solution (I believe) is using a dictionary in order to avoid repetitive calculations.
import time

_dict = {1:1, 2:1}

def F(n, _dict):
    if n in _dict.keys():
        return _dict[n]
    else:
        result = F(n-1, _dict) + F(n-2, _dict)
        _dict.update({n:result})
        return result

start = time.time()

for n in range(1,100000):
    result = F(n, _dict)

finish = time.time()

print(str(finish - start))

We start with trivial dictionary (first two values of Fibonacci sequence) and constantly adding Fibonacci values to the dictionary.
It took about 0.7 seconds for the first 100000 Fibonacci values (Intel Xeon CPU E5-2680 @ 2.70 GHz, 16 GB RAM, Windows 10-64 bit OS)

A: see divide and conquer algorithm here
The link has pseudocode for the matrix exponentiation mentioned in some of the other answers for this question.

A: You can use the weird square rooty equation to get an exact answer.  The reason is that the $\sqrt(5)$ falls out at the end, you just have to keep track of the coefficients with your own multiplication format.
def rootiply(a1,b1,a2,b2,c):
    ''' multipy a1+b1*sqrt(c) and a2+b2*sqrt(c)... return a,b'''
    return a1*a2 + b1*b2*c, a1*b2 + a2*b1

def rootipower(a,b,c,n):
    ''' raise a + b * sqrt(c) to the nth power... returns the new a,b and c of the result in the same format'''
    ar,br = 1,0
    while n != 0:
        if n%2:
            ar,br = rootiply(ar,br,a,b,c)
        a,b = rootiply(a,b,a,b,c)
        n /= 2
    return ar,br

def fib(k):
    ''' the kth fibonacci number'''
    a1,b1 = rootipower(1,1,5,k)
    a2,b2 = rootipower(1,-1,5,k)
    a = a1-a2
    b = b1-b2
    a,b = rootiply(0,1,a,b,5)
    # b should be 0!
    assert b == 0
    return a/2**k/5

if __name__ == "__main__":
    assert rootipower(1,2,3,3) == (37,30) # 1+2sqrt(3) **3 => 13 + 4sqrt(3) => 39 + 30sqrt(3)
    assert fib(10)==55

A: I have come across some of the methods for calculating Fibonacci with efficient time complexity following are some of them -
Method 1 - Dynamic Programming
Now here the substructure is commonly known hence I'll straightly Jump to the solution -
static int fib(int n)
{
int f[] = new int[n+2]; // 1 extra to handle case, n = 0
int i;

f[0] = 0;
f[1] = 1;

for (i = 2; i <= n; i++)
{
    f[i] = f[i-1] + f[i-2];
}

return f[n];
}

A space-optimized version of above can be done as follows -
static int fib(int n)
 {
    int a = 0, b = 1, c;
    if (n == 0)
        return a;
    for (int i = 2; i <= n; i++)
    {
        c = a + b;
        a = b;
        b = c;
    }
    return b;
}

Method 2- ( Using power of the matrix {{1,1},{1,0}} )
This an O(n) which relies on the fact that if we n times multiply the matrix M = {{1,1},{1,0}} to itself (in other words calculate power(M, n )), then we get the (n+1)th Fibonacci number as the element at row and column (0, 0) in the resultant matrix. This solution would have O(n) time.
The matrix representation gives the following closed expression for the Fibonacci numbers:
fibonaccimatrix
static int fib(int n)
{
int F[][] = new int[][]{{1,1},{1,0}};
if (n == 0)
    return 0;
power(F, n-1);

return F[0][0];
}

/*multiplies 2 matrices F and M of size 2*2, and
puts the multiplication result back to F[][] */
static void multiply(int F[][], int M[][])
{
int x = F[0][0]*M[0][0] + F[0][1]*M[1][0];
int y = F[0][0]*M[0][1] + F[0][1]*M[1][1];
int z = F[1][0]*M[0][0] + F[1][1]*M[1][0];
int w = F[1][0]*M[0][1] + F[1][1]*M[1][1];

F[0][0] = x;
F[0][1] = y;
F[1][0] = z;
F[1][1] = w;
}

/*function that calculates F[][] raise to the power n and puts the
result in F[][]*/
static void power(int F[][], int n)
{
int i;
int M[][] = new int[][]{{1,1},{1,0}};

// n - 1 times multiply the matrix to {{1,0},{0,1}}
for (i = 2; i <= n; i++)
    multiply(F, M);
}

This can be optimized to work in O(Logn) time complexity. We can do recursive multiplication to get power(M, n) in the previous method.
static int fib(int n)
{
int F[][] = new int[][]{{1,1},{1,0}};
if (n == 0)
    return 0;
power(F, n-1);

return F[0][0];
}

static void multiply(int F[][], int M[][])
{
int x =  F[0][0]*M[0][0] + F[0][1]*M[1][0];
int y =  F[0][0]*M[0][1] + F[0][1]*M[1][1];
int z =  F[1][0]*M[0][0] + F[1][1]*M[1][0];
int w =  F[1][0]*M[0][1] + F[1][1]*M[1][1];

F[0][0] = x;
F[0][1] = y;
F[1][0] = z;
F[1][1] = w;
}

static void power(int F[][], int n)
{
if( n == 0 || n == 1)
  return;
int M[][] = new int[][]{{1,1},{1,0}};

power(F, n/2);
multiply(F, F);

if (n%2 != 0)
   multiply(F, M);
}

Method 3 (O(log n) Time)
Below is one more interesting recurrence formula that can be used to find nth Fibonacci Number in O(log n) time.
If n is even then k = n/2:
F(n) = [2*F(k-1) + F(k)]*F(k)
If n is odd then k = (n + 1)/2
F(n) = F(k)*F(k) + F(k-1)*F(k-1)
How does this formula work?
The formula can be derived from the above matrix equation.
fibonaccimatrix
Taking determinant on both sides, we get
(-1)n = Fn+1Fn-1 – Fn2
Moreover, since AnAm = An+m for any square matrix A, the following identities can be derived (they are obtained from two different coefficients of the matrix product)
FmFn + Fm-1Fn-1 = Fm+n-1
By putting n = n+1,
FmFn+1 + Fm-1Fn = Fm+n
Putting m = n
F2n-1 = Fn2 + Fn-12
F2n = (Fn-1 + Fn+1)Fn = (2Fn-1 + Fn)Fn (Source: Wiki)
To get the formula to be proved, we simply need to do the following
If n is even, we can put k = n/2
If n is odd, we can put k = (n+1)/2
public static int fib(int n)
{

    if (n == 0)
        return 0;

    if (n == 1 || n == 2)
        return (f[n] = 1);

    // If fib(n) is already computed
    if (f[n] != 0)
        return f[n];

    int k = (n & 1) == 1? (n + 1) / 2
                        : n / 2;

    // Applyting above formula [See value
    // n&1 is 1 if n is odd, else 0.
    f[n] = (n & 1) == 1? (fib(k) * fib(k) +
                    fib(k - 1) * fib(k - 1))
                   : (2 * fib(k - 1) + fib(k))
                   * fib(k);

    return f[n];
}

Method 4 - Using a formula
In this method, we directly implement the formula for the nth term in the Fibonacci series. Time O(1) Space O(1)
Fn = {[(√5 + 1)/2] ^ n} / √5
static int fib(int n) {
double phi = (1 + Math.sqrt(5)) / 2;
return (int) Math.round(Math.pow(phi, n)
                    / Math.sqrt(5));
}

Reference: http://www.maths.surrey.ac.uk/hosted-sites/R.Knott/Fibonacci/fibFormula.html

A: We should first note that Fibonacci numbers (F(n)) grow very fast with n and cannot be represented in 64-bits for n larger than 93. So a program for computing them for such n needs to use additional mechanisms to operate on these large numbers. Now, considering only the count of (large-number) operations, the algorithm to sequentially compute them will require linear number of operations.
We can benefit from the below identity about Fibonacci numbers:
F(2m) = 2*F(m)*F(m+1) − (F(m))^2

F(2m+1) = (F(m))^2 + (F(m+1))^2

(a symbol like A^2 denotes square of A).
So, if we know F(m) and F(m+1), we can directly compute F(2m) and F(2m+1).
Consider the binary representation of n. Observe that starting with x = 1, we can make x = n by iteratively doubling and possibly adding 1 to x. This can be done by iterating over the bits of n, and checking if it is 0 or 1.
The idea is that, we can maintain F(x) in sync with x. In each such iteration, as we double x and possibly add 1 to x, we can also compute the new value of F(x) using the earlier value of F(x) and F(x+1), with above equations.
Since the number of iterations will be logarithmic in n, the total (large-number) operations are also logarithmic in n.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Princeton confirms 4 more cases
by Morgan Howard | Aug 7, 2020 | Latest
Collin County has confirmed the deaths of a 60-year-old Plano woman on Aug. 5 and a 59-year-old Plano man on Aug. 4. Both had underlying health conditions and passed away at local hospitals.
Garland Health Department, which handles all Sachse cases regardless of county, also confirmed the death of an 84-year-old Sachse man in Collin County. He had underlying conditions and passed away at a hospice.
State health officials listed 195 new cases of COVID-19 today, Aug. 7, in Collin County. Officials reported an adjusted total of 7,268 confirmed cases.
There are 2,114 active cases and a total of 5,065 have recovered.
There are 138 cases hospitalized and 89 have died from COVID-19 related illness.
Today, hospitalizations throughout the state were reported at 8,065 and 1,397 cases were reported hospitalized in North Texas.
New cases in eastern Collin County include three in Farmersville, four in Murphy, four in Princeton, three in Sachse including the death (plus one in the Dallas County portion of the city) and 11 in Wylie.
An updated breakdown of all cases is available at: https://apps.collincountytx.gov/reports/COVID19/Daily%20Report%20by%20City.xlsx
When you click this link an Excel spreadsheet will be created with all reported Collin County cases by city.
As of 12:00 AM June 1, 2020, the Department of State Health Services will perform all COVID-19 case investigation and contact tracing activities for Collin County's local health authority. Collin County will be able to access the state system to obtain data and reports for its jurisdiction, but details on the extent of the data and how reports will be distributed will be announced as soon as they are available.
Due to the large number of new cases each day, the state is not necessarily reporting individual cases by age, gender or city.
Individual cases may be removed if the place of residence is outside of Collin County.
From Staff Reports • [email protected]
New maps take effect Jan. 18
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Panthers fall to Lovejoy
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The Midwest Archives Conference is calling for applications for the Archie Motley Memorial Scholarship for Minority Students. The $750 scholarship will be presented to two students of African, American Indian, Asian or Pacific Islander, or Latino descent who are currently enrolled in an archival administration graduate program. Applications are due March 1 and can be completed online from the MAC website. Interested students may also contact Alison Stankrauff, Minority Students Committee Chair, at astankra@iusb.edu or 572-520-4392.