Russian pianist Dmitry Evgrafov's Comprehension of Light start's dark before emerging into the light – I don't have his earlier solo piano works but here the piano doesn't appear till later on side 1, it's more often the strings and electronics that play a leading role.
Valgeir Siggurdson's Dissonance is stunning, in particular the side long title track which is an interpretation of Mozart's string quartet no.19 – here performed through multi-tracked viola. There are two multi-movement pieces on Side B performed by the Reykjavik Sinfonia.
Ben Lukas and Sebastian Plano's Everything is a 3 hour 40+ track game soundtrack – 10 tracks on the physical release the rest as a download. A beautiful sounding game where you can experience the world from different perspectives (animal/inanimate object) at multiple scales from the micro to the cosmos. The music is suitably beautiful.
Alder and Ash – Clutched in the Maw of the World: One of my top records of the year, a solo cello album that covers drone/ambient and even some metal-influenced territory.
Catarina Barbieri – Patterns of Consciousness: Beautiful and psychedelic double vinyl of minimalist bleeps using a sequencer and oscillator.
James Murray – Heavenly Waters. Inspired by celestial bodies where water has been found. Some of the electronic sounds are like the recorded sounds of stars.
Byron Westbrook – Body Consonance. More bleeps, lots of them, and fast but counteracted by underlying drone.
JASSS – Weightless. Debut album by Spanish producer Silvia Jimenez Alvarez. An inventive almost industrial electronic album, though also features jazzier elements too.
Elodie – Vieux Silence. Released by Stephen O'Malley on Idealogic Organ, a gorgeously perfect album of quiet sounds performed by an ensemble including piano, flute, clarinet.
Johannes Malfatti – Surge. An hour long ambient drone piece with long passages of quiet, layered drones punctuated by louder volume interludes representing the surging of glaciers. A meditation on time.
Slomo – Transits. Their finest yet, released early in the year and still getting regular plays.
Teleplasmiste – Frequency is the new ecstasy. Inventive electronics/reeds album from Mark Pilkington and Michael York (who play with Urthona).
Lingua Lustra – Truth rings like a bell. Brilliant album exploring the sounds of bells, both 'true' bell sounds but also processed sounds, including field recordings. Broadly ambient drone but the track Hymn of the Rose is based around beautiful tunes/melodies played on bells – one of my favourite tracks of the year.
Taylor Deupree and Marcus Fischer – Lowlands, vinyl LP and art book featuring photos of the Arctic Svalbard landscape. Icy, slow piano/guitar ambient soundscapes. Great photos.
Darren Almond – All Things Pass. Almond is an artist who explores themes of time in particular through landscape photography. Here he produced a video installation based around the Chand Baori, an ancient step well in India. The vinyl is Almond's recording of 4 Indian musicians responding to his film. You can get the vinyl with the Timescape exhibition catalogue, which features his portraits of individual Callanish stones amongst other things.
Richard Skelton – Towards a Frontier. An hour long drone piece composed and recorded in Iceland as part of an artistic residency. There was a limited edition art edition that features his photography to accompany the album, which I missed, but some of the work features on a blog. Beautiful strings and drones, cyclical themes and space before becoming more ominous at the end.
Zu – Jhator. A veteran Italian band apparently but I hadn't come across them before. Found this as it was released on the same label at the same time as Teleplasmiste, and there were promising album notes written by Jimmy (TOTS) Martin. Two side long tracks inspired by Tibetan funeral practice – cinematic and spirtural.
Some interesting experimental/post rock releases on Canada's Constellations Records: Esmerine – Mechanics of Dominion, and Avec Le Soleil Sortant de La Bouches – Pas Pire Pop, I love you so much.
Gnod – Just say no…/Temple of BBV – s/t. Two excellent albums from Gnod. Just say no…has made it in to lots of lists but it's Temple of BBV that has grown on me during the year. Also worth checking out is Vanishing, which features Paddy Gnod on beats providing the soundscape for Gareth Smith's spoken word vocals (see the track Fountain).
Hey Colossus – The Guillotine. Another excellent Colossus album on Rocket Recordings, who have released more excellent records this year (Gnod/Temple of BBV for example). I also really like Gnoome's Tschak.
The Bug vs Earth – Concrete Desert. These two work really well together to produce a dark urban soundscape.
The Necks – Unfold. Excellent double vinyl with lovely gatefold design (Stephen O'Malley). Blue Mountain reminds me very much of the live performances I have seen and is one of my favourite tracks of the year.
Yair Elazar Glotman – Compound. Sounds somewhat Neck's like which I wasn't expecting – presumably due to the instrumentation – contra bass, piano and percussion.
I got these as downloads as didn't think I'd play much but the split album by Soundwalk Collective/Francisco Lopez has been on heavy rotation. It features commissioned pieces inspired by Nepalese monasteries (they feature a lot of wind recordings from Nepal!). Both are beautiful ambient drone pieces. As is Yann Novak's Surroundings which explores the architecture of a San Francisco museum and the ambient sounds of its park settings.
Enjoyed visiting some new venues – Islington Mill (Salford), IKLEKTIK and Ambika P3 (London), Sowieso (Berlin). Less so the O2 – but well done to Nick Cave and the audience for making it seem an intimate gig!
Supernormal as usual was the year's highlight – it will be missed next year!
Saw two excellent Cope gigs (Roundhouse and Riverside, Newcastle); The Necks were excellent as always; Faust and Gnod were a dream pairing at Café Oto. Six Organs of Admittance album launch.


text:
BEIJING BIKINI // MATT LOVE // KOOTSIE DON
MoshPit Bar, Erskineville
Sat, 08 May 2021, 4:00 PM AEST
#folk #garage #pop #rock
Shout!
BEIJING BIKINI
If you're loving the stream, chuck us all a shout! All shouts are equally split between the band, the venue and ZENN.
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A special matinee show to help celebrate the 4th birthday of MoshPit Bar. This event features the irreverent and entertaining:
https://www.facebook.com/beijingbikini/
Matt Love
Matt is the founder, songwriter and occasional vocalist with the indie pop band "Even As We Speak". EAWS has a back catalogue of material which is often referred to as "classic" or "legendary" within the indie pop sub-culture.
Even As We Speak's recent album Adelphi continues that legacy of intelligent pop songs.
More recently Matt has produced a new solo album, "Little Ray Of Sunshine", which again takes the pop song format and blends it with his unique lyrical style..
The new album will be released metaphorically at the Moshpit on Saturday 8 May, and literally on a Soviet era rocket he picked up cheap in a garage sale.
Matt shall be accompanied on drums and bass by some special guests whom he currently has tied up in the back of a van.
https://www.facebook.com/evenaswespeakband
Kootsie – a Larrakia musician/entrepreneur and aspiring actress from the NT
https://www.facebook.com/LILKOOTSIE
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


I am currently recruiting for a Technical Administrator on behalf of a client who are well established in the food industry.
•	Raising and investigation of non-conformances.
•	Maintaining supplier and product approvals.
•	Completing product checks – quality, safety, nutritional, labelling etc.
•	Completion of the scheduled audits on time and closure of any non-conformances.
•	Completing retailer online specifications for new/amended products. Experience in using the systems is essential.
•	Ensuring suppliers are kept up to date with retailer requirements.
•	Logging, investigating and closing customer/consumer complaints.


Is Google Sending GoogleBot CSS Hunting: Google Crawling CSS Files?
Home > Google News > Google SEO > Is Google Sending GoogleBot CSS Hunting: Google Crawling CSS Files?
A Cre8asite Forums thread links to a blog post named GoogleBot Requested a CSS File. This is not the first time I heard threads where people suspect GoogleBot is crawling their CSS files. But this one has the most discussion I have seen so far.
Some people in the thread think a manual review sparked the crawl. But I am not too sure about that.
66.249.72.52 - - [24/Oct/2006:17:17:35 -0500] "GET /global/x.css HTTP/1.1″ 200 8382 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; Googlebot/2.1; +http://www.google.com/bot.html)"
So it looks like Google crawled his CSS. But he never discusses if he disallowed the directory in his robots.txt file.


text:
Criminale indipendente e pianificatore meticoloso, si pone a capo di varie bande e si specializza nelle rapine a mano armata. Il massiccio uso di armi da guerra, gli frutta il soprannome di "Solista del Kalashnikov".

Biografia
Secondo di tre fratelli, nasce il 25 ottobre 1952 a Bernalda, in provincia di Matera. Conseguita la licenza media, si iscrive all'Istituto Tecnico per Periti Industriali di Taranto.
Nel '67 si trasferisce a Torino, dove inizia a lavorare come cablatore presso la ditta Tardito e, contemporaneamente, frequenta un corso serale per proseguire gli studi superiori all'Istituto Tecnico Industriale.

Inizia l'attività criminale nel 1971: a quell'epoca aveva 19 anni. Dopo qualche rapina e furto d'auto, assalta la sua prima banca. Da quel momento non si fermerà più, diventando uno dei nomi di spicco della criminalità torinese.
Nel 1974, a soli 22 anni, il suo patrimonio era già superiore al miliardo di lire.

Per anni ha vissuto organizzando assalti a banche, uffici postali, treni in corsa e furgoni blindati. Facendo dell'indipendenza uno stile: non si è mai legato a nessuno, né alla mafia né alla malavita organizzata.

Ha fatto rapine in Svizzera, Germania, Francia ed Austria. E sempre con un gusto irrefrenabile per la battuta. Negli anni '70 agli agenti che lo arrestavano per i colpi all'estero disse:

Nel 1975 assalta un treno in corsa Arona - Bellinzago che rifornisce gli Uffici Postali.

Nel 1976, tenta una rapina alla Banca Centrale Inglese a Bruxelles, situata di fianco al Palazzo Reale, un colpo, a detta di tutti, impossibile anche solo a pensarlo.

Nel 1987 rapina la Banca di Lugano, sequestrando il direttore la notte precedente il colpo.

La rapina più clamorosa - indagato e poi assolto - quella a un furgone portavalori svaligiato a Genova : il 17 agosto 1999, dodici minuti in tutto, nessuno sparo, sei miliardi di lire il bottino.

Tra gli anni settanta e il 2000 ha effettuato centinaia di rapine in Italia e all'estero, senza mai spargimenti di sangue, tanto che anche la polizia gli riconosce un'etica "professionale".

L'ex capo della squadra mobile di Torino, Sergio Molino, lo definisce così: «Non un rapinatore, ma il maestro dei rapinatori italiani. Chiruzzi ha fatto scuola. Preparava i colpi meticolosamente, non ha mai sparato durante le sue azioni. Possiamo dire che nel ramo è stato un vero professionista».

È stato arrestato undici volte, scontando complessivamente trentasei anni di reclusione, spesso in carceri di massima sicurezza quali l'Asinara e Fossombrone. Ha tentato di evadere tre volte, riuscendoci nel 1975.

Dal 2012 è tornato definitivamente in libertà.

Note

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

Evasi
Rapinatori

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Q: MarkLogic - lexicon expansion not working as expected I'm trying to address the issue of excessive incorrect results from an unfiltered search with a wildcard.
In my understanding, the right way to fix it is to use "lexicon expansion."
However, when I look at the documentation for cts.jsonPropertyValueQuery(), I only see options for lexicon-expansion-limit and limit-check/no-limit-check. Nothing to turn lexicon expansion on or off.
Apparently it's not doing lexicon expansion (if I understand it correctly) because when I do a wildcarded search with cts.jsonPropertyValueQuery, it gives lots of spurious results.  And since the default lexicon-expansion-limit is 4096, it's fewer than the 3066 terms that cts.ValueMatch() returns for this query.
So I don't get why it's not working.
I can do it explicitly by running cts.valueMatch() and using the result of that as the search term(s) but wasn't that the point of lexicon expansion?
Can someone help me understand what is going on here?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Conflict is a part of life and it affects all of us. It can include disputes between family members, neighbors, a co-worker or a boss, or the school principal. It can also include disputes between a landlord and a tenant, a customer and a business, a boss and an employee, principals and teachers versus parents and students, parties to a formal contract, and even issues like responsibility for a pet's actions.
Come hear about various mediation options from a panel of experienced conflict resolution experts to resolve these disputes. Join us from 1:30 to 3:30 p.m. on Saturday, June 3, at the Burke Branch Library, 4701 Seminary Rd., Alexandria (right off #395 exit at Seminary East). The program is co-sponsored by the Alexandria Library and the Northern Virginia Media Service (NVMS), Fairfax, VA.
There is no charge for the program and light refreshments will be served.
Learn how mediation can work for you. And if you can't resolve these conflicts, the panelists will help you to understand the process for taking your dispute to the Small Claims Courts—in Alexandria, Arlington and Fairfax. What you don't know can hurt you, regarding finances, property, employment, relationships and your credit report.
Free parking is available on site. For any questions on the program, contact Izabela Solosi, NVMS Training Program Manager, at training@nvms.us or at 703-865-7261.


Brand "HomeQueen" was established in 2005. Nowadays it represents the most popular goods of daily demands: for tidying up, kitchen accessories, dishes, wrapping, household items, goods for bath-rooms and bath-houses, for caring of clothes and a wide range of household textiles.
The brand is intended for the customers, who pay attention to the interior of their house, who want to beautify it and make cozier. That brand's buyers follow the news and tendencies of the market, love good-looking modern things, but at the same time they rationally deal with their budget. That brand is also assigned for the people, who choose pretty practical stuff as a gift for their closest friends and relatives.


His calendar isn't much help. It doesn't account for his whereabouts on more than 150 nonholiday weekdays between when he took office in January 2013 and November 2014.
That's about one in every three weekdays. Not included in that calculation are 18 weekdays of deployment to South Korea for Kelley, an Army judge advocate general and a National Guard lieutenant colonel.
His office couldn't shed much light on how often the first-term Democrat was in the office, on vacation, traveling on business, or working from his house in Tacoma where he doesn't have a state-provided computer.
Cochran said Kelley is never more than a phone call away, same as his predecessor Brian Sonntag. "We've never had trouble getting to Troy when we needed him," Cochran said.
Kelley, who makes $116,950 in annual salary, was on a weeklong vacation in California when news broke that federal agents had searched his home. A grand jury is examining a business he used to own in the real-estate title industry as part of a criminal probe whose scope and targets remain unclear.
Since his return Monday, he has issued two statements professing puzzlement about the investigation, but has avoided the press and sent Cochran in his stead to public events — and to be interviewed for this story.
Kelley was out Wednesday morning while Cochran answered questions for about an hour. Kelley's corner office in the Insurance Building on the Capitol campus sat empty, its desk free of clutter, its walls decorated with framed diplomas and its shelves with awards from his three terms as a state legislator.
There was scattered evidence of its occupant's private life: a baseball mitt, military memorabilia, a picture of Kelley with his wife and two sons. He's described by Cochran as "introverted" and private.
Sonntag said he hears the office has a more formal atmosphere since he left and responsibilities are more likely to be delegated, but chalks that up to different personal styles.
"He probably puts a lot more of the day-to-day in the hands of staff," Sonntag said.
The place functions without its top boss giving orders, Cochran said, because Kelley has laid down guidelines that the staff know to follow. In exceptional cases, the staff looks to Kelley to establish a new guideline or approve a new policy.
Being an elected official is a 24-7 job, and representing the public is more important than putting in 40 hours of work per week, Cochran said.
The mystery days tallied by the News Tribune and Olympian and public radio's Northwest News Network show up on Kelley's calendar either as blank between 9 a.m. and 5 p.m., or with references to events that didn't clearly involve Kelley's presence or show up in travel reimbursement records.
While the calendar doesn't say, a handful of weekdays a year could be taken up by National Guard drills, which with few exceptions are held on weekends.
And about a tenth of the mystery days came after the assistant who managed Kelley's calendar moved to another job and before her replacement arrived.
A calendar, of course, is only one measurement of what a government official is up to.
Cochran said Kelley has left an imprint on the office, particularly in cybersecurity, following up on a campaign promise to focus on that area. Performance audits under his watch have found state agencies haven't always kept confidential information secure or complied with state security standards.
He said Kelley vets every performance audit, if necessary joining in meetings with agency leaders to talk about the findings. In one meeting he was instrumental in negotiating difficult questions about what details of the state's cybersecurity measures would be made public, Cochran said.
On smaller, more routine audits of state and local government, he's more likely to get involved in the event of problems or significant conclusions. He joins Tuesday morning meetings of the executive team in person, Cochran said.
Ivan Dansereau, an audit manager retiring next month after a 30-year career at the auditor's office, said Kelley sometimes joins every-other-month meetings of managers, generally just to present some kind of recognition.
Dansereau works in satellite offices in Kent and Yakima and said Kelley has visited both offices repeatedly to huddle with staff.
Kelley's office said he made a point to visit all 13 regional offices in his first six months in the job, which could account for some of the mystery days. It's not always clear because Kelley didn't seek reimbursement for mileage and does not have a state-provided car.
Kelley's office also noted Kelley's consolidation of office space and restructuring of the organization that eliminated some management positions.
He's brought a new focus on efficiency, Dansereau said, encouraging the agency to fine-tune work processes and delete redundancy. That has speeded the issuing of audit reports, he said.
"It can be difficult, but it's well intended and it does serve a purpose," Dansereau said.
Kelley's calendar gives a few glimpses of aspects of the job that received his personal involvement.
It shows a series of meetings about a video shown to new employees. Kelley discussed a script for the video, then rehearsed it, recorded it and reviewed the footage.
Former state Democratic Party chairman Paul Berendt said he makes a point to know Democratic officeholders in the state but is less familiar with Kelley, who drew on his own wealth for his 2012 campaign for auditor.
"He's not as well known in the Capitol community as most of the other statewide elected officials," Berendt said.


text:
The reason Tim McGraw's likely to be at this year's Super Bowl
Michael Hickey/Getty Images
So far, there are only a handful of chances to see Tim McGraw in concert this year, and the first one will be Super Bowl weekend in Arizona.
Tim's set to headline BetMGM West Fest Saturday, February 11, at Westgate Entertainment District in Glendale. Newcomer Bailey Zimmerman will open the outdoor show, which takes place in close proximity to State Farm Stadium, where the game will be played the next day.
The first tickets go on sale Wednesday for BetMGM customers in Arizona via the company's app, before becoming available to the general public on Thursday. You can find more info here.


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text:
Astrid Kirchherr (Hamburgo, 20 de maio de 1938 – 12 de maio de 2020) foi uma fotógrafa e artista alemã.

Biografia
No período em que os Beatles passaram fazendo concertos em uma casa noturna de Hamburgo (Kaiserkeller), conheceram o artista plástico Klaus Voormann e este, posteriormente, acabou levando a então namorada para conhecer o grupo. Começou daí o envolvimento da fotógrafa com o conjunto e principalmente com o então baixista Stuart Sutcliffe. Os dois apaixonaram-se, o que acarretou na saída do "quinto" Beatle. Ela foi a responsável pelo estilo de corte de cabelo e pelo design dos ternos dos Beatles, sendo dela também os registros fotográficos deste período inicial da banda de Liverpool durante a estada em Hamburgo.

Morreu no dia 12 de maio de 2020 aos 81 anos.

Ligações externas
 Fansite de Astrid Kirchherr

Fotógrafos da Alemanha
Naturais de Hamburgo
Pessoas associadas aos Beatles


Armada Logistics provide special transport solutions especially designated to your shipments to/from difficult and post conflict regions like Africa, Middle East and Inland Asia.
We organize transportation of various liquid products such as liquid oil, fruit juice and chemicals by fitting flexitanks in standard containers and we carry out door-to-door transportation organizations in case needed.
Armada can organize combined & door to door shipments via Turkey or any country through final destination in another country.
We know that economic resources are limited, but renewable. In the context of this principle, we are happy to develop eco-friendly logistics solutions for our future.


text:
Q: Press Print Screen on keyboard with JavaScript? Is there a way to click a JavaScript button and that cause your computer to click the Print Screen button on the keyboard?

A: Print screen does not have a key code because browsers limit the amount of control you have on a user's machine. To control the print screen function on any machine, you would need to install software on the user's machine.


To be eligible for a refund, you must return your unopened order in their original packaging within 30 days of receipt of delivery. In the case that the item has been opened but is still in original condition, store credit to the value of that item will be issued in lieu of a refund.
Item is in the same condition as when you received it. This means all packaging; labelling and tags are still attached and intact.
If you meet all of the above, follow the returns guidelines below so that Marbret International may assess and offer a full refund or exchange (less postage & handling). We have a dedicated Customer Service team that are available by phone, email, should you have any questions.
In order for Marbret International to process the return, post the items to the address below. Include your contact details, and details of your return items.
Marbret International will be in contact within 24 hours of receiving the returned goods. If a replacement product is to be provided, Marbret International will send this to you at your cost, including any price differences in products and cost of re-shipping. If a refund is to be given, it will be processed according to your initial purchase method as soon as possible. Please note that it may take a few days for your banking provider to show the credit in your account.
Any items returned outside of the 30 day period (unless faulty) or items returned damaged or soiled (unless faulty) will be the responsibility of the customer to retrieve. Marbret International will not pay to return these items to you.
In the unlikely event that you have received the incorrect product, Marbret International will re-deliver your original order free of charge and will, most likely, provide a Reply Paid address for the return of the incorrect items.


RAF Typhoon jets have arrived at an airbase in London as part of a large-scale security exercise ahead of the 2012 Olympics.
Residents in south-east England have been warned that they will notice an increase in loud air activity during the nine-day training exercise – operation Exercise Olympic Guardian – particularly on 4-5 May.
The Typhoons are based at RAF Northolt, and this will be the first time since the Second World War that fighter jets have been stationed there.
The Typhoon jets will play a vital role during the Olympic Games, keeping the London skies secure.


Take Exit 247-A to merge onto US-33 East/East Market Street toward Elkton and proceed for approximately 1.5 miles. Turn right onto Evelyn Byrd Avenue and proceed approximately 0.5 mile. Harrisonburg Foot & Ankle Clinic will be on the left. Our address is 2105 Evelyn Byrd Avenue.
Please download our medical forms, and complete them prior to your appointment.
An answering service is available for after-hour emergency situations.


I met Cary author Stephanie Ricker through publishing her story "Inseparables' War" in Bull Spec #7, and her reading of the story at a NC Speculative Fiction night event. I was very happy to see her have a story in the Rooglewood Press anthology Five Glass Slippers: A Collection of Cinderella Stories in June of 2014, and very excited when I learned that she would be continuing the universe of her story "A Cinder's Tale" in a novella series The Cendrillon Cycle. In December, Ricker published the first of those novellas, The Battle of Castle Nebula, and as you might be able to guess from the cover art, this is a planet-spanning science fictional retelling. And here, Ricker tells us about the hardest part of, well, everything.
When asked what the hardest part of writing The Battle of Castle Nebula was, I'm tempted to gaze back with haunted eyes and melodramatically whisper, "Everything." Looking back on the process from a comfy couple months without looming deadlines, I'm forced to admit that's not really true.
But, wow, did it feel that way.
The Battle of Castle Nebula was written as a prequel to A Cinder's Tale, a novella published in Five Glass Slippers, an anthology of Cinderella-themed stories. Castle Nebula was my first foray into my own publishing (hence its status as Volume 1 in The Cendrillon Cycle rather than Volume 2), and it was intended to reveal how several of my protagonists ended up in the circumstances described in A Cinder's Tale, a Cinderella-in-space retelling.
The reality was a miserable lesson in what I should have learned from George Lucas: namely, do not write prequels.
I quickly realized that many of my cavalierly thrown-in lines in A Cinder's Tale now required actual, plausible explanations. I had written A Cinder's Tale in a last-minute frenzy and had been none too careful about what elements I included, little thinking I would be revisiting the world in which it took place. When the anthology's publishing company encouraged me to write more stories set in that world and offered to help me publicize them in Five Glass Slippers, I realized that I had hemmed myself in. The world I had created now had to make sense in the larger context of multiple stories, and events in the prequel had to happen in a certain way in order not to violate my own continuity.
For various reasons (none of which seem adequate now), I was convinced that the prequel story needed to be told, but I was also thoroughly convinced that I didn't want to do it. I was working at an association management company by day and at a fiction editing company by night, meaning I was only a writer by late, late night. I procrastinated as long as possible in a snit of rebelliousness, spooked myself into finally writing via the terror of impending deadlines, and pounded my way through the novella like a toddler with a bad attitude. Making revisions, after receiving comments back from several editors, was even more unpleasant. As I inevitably ended up staring bleary-eyed at my misbegotten manuscript at 1am on a work night, I seriously questioned why I had ever thought writing was even a remotely good idea. The publishing company of Five Glass Slippers innocently suggested a third novella, and I had an internal, horror-stricken conniption. Nope, I told myself, somewhere in the middle of yet another mutinous late-night writing session. This writing stuff? This is horrible. I'd be crazy to do this to myself again.
But when I got over my hissy fit, I realized that I would be crazy to turn down the opportunity, one that might never come again. The encouragement of good friends—some of whom were vicariously excited about storytelling options I could explore, and some of whom were trying to get their own works published—made me see that I had been given a blessing: one I shouldn't reject due to a little frustration or sleep deprivation in the short-term.
Writing is hard (anyone who says otherwise is lying), but it's also worth doing.
The Battle of Castle Nebula ebook is available on Amazon and Barnes and Noble. Find out more by following Stephanie Ricker at her blog, Goodreads, Facebook, or Twitter.
Stephanie Ricker is a writer, editor, and tree-climber. She adores the cold and the snow but lives in North Carolina anyway, where she enjoys archery, hiking, and exploring with friends. Stephanie's first novella set in the Cendrillon universe, A Cinder's Tale, was published in Five Glass Slippers, an anthology of Cinderella-themed stories. Stephanie's fiction has also been published in Bull Spec and in four consecutive editions of The Lyricist, Campbell University's annual literary magazine. Her senior thesis on Tolkien was published in the 2009 issue of Explorations: The Journal of Undergraduate Research and Creative Activity for the State of North Carolina.
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Q: How to fix an error in a php that uses mbstring? I am reviewing a web page running multiple php on a machine with Linux Debian.
Specifically, one of the php contains this code:
$methods = get_class_methods ( $class );
// Makes the content of $methods to be:
// $methods = ["__construct", "getId", "setId", "getVal", "setVal"]

$plength = count($methods);

for($i=0;$i<$plength;$i++) {
  if(stripos($methods[$i], "get")!==FALSE){
    $property = mb_substr($methods[$i], 3, mb_strlen($methods[$i], 'UTF-8'), 'UTF-8');
    $setter = 'set'.mb_substr($methods[$i], 3, mb_strlen($methods[$i], 'UTF-8'), 'UTF-8');

    // ...
  }
}

When executing this php in the web browser, the error is displayed:
Error
Call to undefined function mb_substr()
indicating that the line that produces the error is the one that begins with
$property =
I have searched for information in various forums about this error and I have seen that it is due to the fact that mbstring is an extension that is not installed by default.
Running the command
php -m | grep mbstring

I check that mbstring is not installed, so it is necessary to install it.
So I have checked what version of php I have:
php -v

It shows that the installed version of php is 7.4.28
And then I install mbstring with:
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
sudo apt-get install php7.4-mbstring

Now the command
php -m | grep mbstring

shows
mbstring
However, the web browser still shows the same error than before:
Error
Call to undefined function mb_substr()
indicating that the line that produces the error is the one that begins with
$property =
I do not understand why it keeps showing this error if now mbstring is installed.
Would it be possible to modify the source code of the php so that it uses native php functions that don't require install anything extra (that doesn't use mbstring) ?


text:
Open Journal of Political Science > Vol.8 No.1, January 2018
The Italian Intelligence from the Pre-Unification Period to the First World War ()
Antonella Colonna Vilasi
Centro studi Uni, Rome, Italy.
DOI: 10.4236/ojps.2018.81005 PDF HTML XML 814 Downloads 1,791 Views Citations
In the newly formed Kingdom of Italy the first Intelligence operations were focused on the public order protection and the citizens' security. This analytical, theory-building article examines the pre-existing core of the Italian Intelligence from the pre-unitarian Italian States to the First World War from a different perspective, evaluating the culturally transmitted factors that influence politico-military elites, security communities, and decision-makers.
Intelligence, Military Intelligence, Security, Italian Intelligence
Vilasi, A. (2018) The Italian Intelligence from the Pre-Unification Period to the First World War. Open Journal of Political Science, 8, 57-67. doi: 10.4236/ojps.2018.81005.
The notions of security and stability are central to our contemporary society. Social and State security is a major pillar if not a prerequisite of a democratic system.
The ability or inability to provide security is central to democratic Nations.
In the near future the Intelligence agencies and governments will increasingly depend on those warning mechanisms which can promptly respond to an even more and complicated task, the prevention of security.
The following article will evolve around the notions of the Italian Intelligence and the application of strategic warning, Intelligence, policy failures, and strategic foresight referred to the Italian Intelligence before the 1861 unification process and to the First World War.
2. Research Questions
With reference to this research, the first question posed is: how was Intelligence capable of addressing the new challenges posed by a united country?
Second question: what were the new capabilities, know-how and analysis tools that Intelligence needed in such a new and complex reality (a Nation made up of different states, with different laws, coins, etc.) as to require a new approach?
3. Research Methods
This study uses a three-step methodological approach: data collection, coding and analysis, using qualitative techniques.
In particular using a three stage process includes:
• a discovery phase of data collection;
• a coding phase using some of the analytical techniques and proposed methodologies as filters;
• an analysis phase using argumentation analysis and Intelligence analysis.
The article offers a number of original contributions to the scientific literature.
First, it re-examines the sources and the theory-building and proposes alternatives to the referable scientific literature accepted and proposed by the majority of scholars.
Secondly, it strengthens the holistic interrelations in terms of consistency between disciplines such as Intelligence studies, history, sociology, political geography, and political science.
The article's mixed methods approach advances a research agenda that addresses potential analytic and cognitive biases that can affect the "at a distance" examination from a pre-unitarian Italian Intelligence up to the First World War.
A new understanding will emerge on how we can contribute to analysing and understanding the previous and future core of the Italian Intelligence system.
Thirdly, the proposed mixed methods generate an agenda for possible future studies and researches.
The documents used refer to Open Source documents, archives, publications, and reliable secondary sources.
The article relies on selected primary sources where possible, and a mixed methods, evaluative approach to secondary sources. The crucial gaps in some of the comparative sources are crossed over with newly available sources.
The limitation of this research is due to the fact that it should be treated with an entire volume, and not only with a brief article.
Academic studies, apart from the bibliography proposed in the article, refer mainly to the Italian studies of the sector.
There is not much Literature Review on the topic.
Not to mention Colonna Vilasi (2013) . Storia dei servizi segreti italiani, and Pasqualini (2006) . Carte Segrete dell'Intelligence Italiana. 1861-1918, we can state that Giuseppe De Lutiis (1991) . Storia dei servizi segreti in Italia, is undoubtly a milestone in Italian Intelligence studies.
As far as the Information collection here studied is concerned, it derived from covert sources (from the Defense or other Intelligence agencies), or from Open Source documents like: archives, publications, radio, TV, newspapers, scientific dissertations, and secondary sources as well.
This analytical, theory-building article examines the pre-existing core of an Italian Intelligence organization from the pre-unitarian Italian States to the First World War from a different perspective, evaluating the culturally transmitted factors that influence politico-military elites, security communities, and decision- makers.
The main argument is that a structured and composed Intelligence organization was already active in each and every single State (Naples and Sicily, Parma, Piedmont, etc.).
We cannot thus state that only after the formation of a united State, in 1861, an Intelligence Agency was set up.
This article can thus be a contribution to the gap in the literature of the field, and its relevance is due to the fact that at the moment the evolution of the Italian Intelligence from the pre-unitarian Italian State to the First World War is not much studied.
5. From the Pre-Unitarian States to the Unification (1861)
Before describing the organization and the development of the Italian Intelligence in the second half of the nineteenth century, from the foundation of a unified State until the First World War, it is appropriate to illustrate the security management and the information exchange in the pre-unification period.
In the newly formed Kingdom of Italy the first Intelligence operations were focused on the public order protection and the citizens' security ( Viviani, 1985 ), and were based upon an already existing military and civilian organization that employed a discontinuous number of informers and agents.
They operated secretly or overtly with no respect of the citizens' rights.
In wartime the Intelligence Units were not yet included in the corps and their mission consisted in: land reconnaissance, the enemy's operations spying, and the interrogation of citizens and prisoners.
After the revolutionary coups in the first half of the century, the pre-unitarian States stepped up the security apparatus, Intelligence and information sharing.
As in other fields, the Kingdom of Sardinia was a forerunner in security matters and public order.
In the early nineteenth century's Grand Duchy of Tuscany, both the "Buon Governo" and the police (whose commander was the president of the "Buon Governo") had the task of protecting the peoples' security.
Under the orders of a hearing officer, the military police tasks were assigned to a sheriff.
In the Kingdom of Lombardo-Veneto, Milan and Venice were the seats of the Police Directorate and lieutenants, heading each province's delegates and commissioners.
The commissioners were entrusted of a periodical report to the hierarchy in reference with the operational tasks of information gathering, while the State Department, in Wien, could be informed if necessary from the various Departments.
In 1849 the "Gendarmi" corps was established for the control of public and private security.
The Border Guards were encharged almost exclusively of smuggling and tax protection, while in 1840 the Guardia di Finanza corps (created in 1774) became an armed body.
As regards the Vatican State, the police director was the Cardinal Secretary of State, that directed the Cardinals of each provincial police. The Police Guards, the Papal Gendarmes, the Urban Guards, the Civic Guards and the volunteers Corps were in action in the provincial districts where the police was ruled by secular representants, while there is no information about military Intelligence.
The Guardia di Finanza had the task of gathering and transmitting information to other corps with the result of an overlap of tasks.
In 1849 the Police Guards were abolished, and the police tasks were transferred to the Ministry of War, with the creation of the Directorate of Public Security and Police Public Security.
In the Duchy of Parma, a General Police Directorate was set up for public security. From 1859 on it melted with the Carabinieri corps, and was further accused of the 1831 riots, and put on trial for the incidents.
In 1850 the police tasks, often malfunctioning, passed to the gendarmerie and to the military commands and in 1851 Charles III set up for the first time the preparation of dossiers from governmental employees and professionals.
In the Duchy of Modena the security management was entrusted to a civilian militia as for the countryside security, and to volunteers for public security.
In 1831 a disinformation operation was mastered on behalf of Duke Ferdinand IV against the population and their revolutionary projects.
Fake lodge accommodations were given to let the people believe in the imminent arrival of the Austrian troops ( Colonna Vilasi, 2013 ).
In the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, the police was the most powerful institution; at the top level were the King Secretariat (with a powerful Intelligence service) and the General Police Directorate, depending from provincial directorates, commissioners and inspectors.
Undercover Guards were operating with the task of informing the provincial intendants.
In 1827, due to the limits in tackling the revolutionary movement, it was created the Royal Gendarmerie and the police veterans had the most delicate tasks.
In 1833, King Ferdinand II created the Domestic Security Guard, headed by wealthy citizens with proven faith.
After the Palermo's riots of 1848, it was established the Public Security Guard, in which melted the gendarmerie and the police.
The captain of gendarmerie Salvatore Maniscalco, director of police, and his secretary Favalor established an efficient Intelligence service, that monitored Garibaldi and the "Spedizione dei Mille" of 1860 (nevertheless an unheeded warning).
In 1851, a Statistical commission was created (similar to that of the Kingdom of Savoy), the core of an information service. Finally, in the military field, the War Deposit was established for collecting information.
With the Royal Patents of 1814, the King of Sardinia Vittorio Emanuele of Savoy created the Buon Governo's General Directorate and the Royal Carabinieri Corps.
The Royal Carabinieri, although a section of the Army, had no military tasks, and their commander was called the "first president of the Buon Governo".
The Buon Governo was replaced in 1816 by the new Ministry of Police with the task of protecting public security and public order.
After the 1821 uprising in Piedmont an information service was implemented.
In 1821-1822 the Royal Patent settled the merging of the Ministry of Police with the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, with military and civilian commanders.
The guidelines for the police functions, including military police and counter- Intelligence (in time of war: camp control, observation of spies and suspects; in time of peace: control on the militaries on leave and license, arrest of resisting persons, detecting deserters from foreign armies) merged into a new regulation, which did not include, however, espionage.
In 1821 a civil service apparatus was constituted, designed by the first Secretary of State, Roget de Cholex, and approved by the King Carlo Felice.
A trusted network of people under coverage (and in conjunction with the reports of the police authorities) had the task of transmitting information to the Secretary of State on the realm, with particular attention to secret societies, to foreign suspects and indicted.
Led by a police Chief Officer, was named "Affari di Polizia" or "Seventh Office". Initially it was ruled by the Marquis Giovanni Raggi and consisted of one hundred employees, divided into three core divisions, plus other peripherals. But also governors and military commanders were included in the top staff so as to create a confusion of responsibilities.
In 1841, the Office was transformed into the "Gabinetto particolare di Polizia".
The military information service developed in the years 1816-1848.
The Kingdom of Sardinia General Staff was created in 1816 with the aim of collecting information for the troops and operations during wartime.
The Savoy Intelligence service can be dated to the period after the First War of Independence and afterwards was absorbed by the new Italian State, from 1861 onwards, respectively, by the military Intelligence and the Foreign Affairs Intelligence.
In April 1855, the "Breve istruzione sul servizio degli Ufficiali del Corpo Reale di SM in caso di guerra" was drafted, and a special mission section and an Intelligence one were created. The first had tactical tasks, the second strategical.
In 1856 in Turin the forerunner of the Italian military Intelligence, headed by the Major Giuseppe Govone, was named "Intelligence Office" (known further as the "General Staff (SM) Information Office").
The year 1854 can be considered the birth of the Foreign Affairs Intelligence, with an international policy conducted from the Kingdom of Savoy and Count Camillo Benso di Cavour.
In 1836 Count Camillo Benso di Cavour was called by King Carlo Alberto, along with Colonel Alfonso La Marmora, to attend the Great Statistics Board, a sort of central information gathering section.
Cavour was the head of the civil service from 1856 to 1860, although he had at the same time institutional roles, fostering the participation of a united Italy into the international scenario.
Among the most famous spies we can name: Virginia Oldoini, Countess of Castiglione, Daniele Manin (who created the Italian National Society, an Intelligence structure made of 4000 men), Giuseppe La Farina and Costantino Nigra, ambassador at the court of Napoleon III.
The Cavour strategy had a dual purpose: subversive against the Austro-Hungarian Empire and repressive against the secret societies. The diplomatic network was very important for the Unification of Italy: financed part of the French press in favor of his policy, and at the same time supplied the weapons to the Hungarian fighters.
Secret agents were spread to several Italian States to sponsor the unification, in view of the Italian kingdom that was to be created after the 1859's campaigns.
During the independence campaigns of 1859 the Lieutenant―Colonel Giuseppe Govone (although disagreeing with many General Staff officers and commanders), managed to head brilliantly the Information Service (Servizio Informazioni) preparing reports, collecting information via couriers and stealing the Austrian correspondence.
Characterized from a lack of organization and coordination, nevertheless managed successfully in the information collection for the National defense.
The Police was reorganized and divided in a political police or "polizia alta" and a "polizia bassa", for public security.
In 1861, at the Home Office, the Intelligence Section depended from a political office (Prime Minister's Cabinet), and from a public security office (2nd Public Security Division).
The latter had information tasks in common crimes, and depended from a Directorate of Public Security and was composed of the Public Security Guards.
The Intelligence service was subsequently subject to several changes of name, from "Public Security Affairs" passed to "Police 3rd Division" (1868) and "Political Bureau at the Directorate of Public Security" (1881). In 1890 the Public Security officers were named officially "city guards".
The so-called "polizia alta" was first named "1st Division General Affairs's Bureau" (1859) and then "Secret Affairs Cabinet" (Ufficio Affari Riservati del Gabinetto―1900).
In 1861, the Home Office Intelligence (political police Section), was misused by the Prime Minister Giovanni Ricasoli to influence elections and control the press.
In 1862, an operation conducted by General Sanfront, former head of Cavour's Intelligence, stopped the Garibaldi's expedition to Austria (Sarnico-Bergamo).
A Military School for the Polish refugees in Cuneo was also created.
Costantino Nigra, ambassador to Paris, before the Third War of Independence (1866), set up an efficient information system about the political and military situation in France.
In 1867, the joint action of the Intelligence, Home Office and Foreign Affairs, focused on Garibaldi's attempts to conquer Rome and tried to provoke an insurrection that would give a hand to Garibaldi's expedition.
In 1874, the Intelligence stopped an insurrection plot in Bologna by the anarchists Andrea Costa and Mikhail Bakunin, and arrested in Florence Anna Kuliscioff, Andrea Costa's lover and assistant.
In 1876 the Home Office information apparatus had a significant expansion and a consequent reorganization during the Left Government.
The new Home Office Minister, Minister Giovanni Nicotera, aware of the importance of an Intelligence apparatus, without informing the Parliament, strengthened its structure.
Several deviation episodes occured: agents infiltrated to gather evidence against Francesco Crispi, illegal funds administration to bribe the press, telegraph and mail tapping.
The Roman Bank affair, one of the six institutions qualified to issue money, and linked to some Left fringes was the first scandal of the "civil service" (in opposition with the military one) and took place in 1892-1894, during Giovanni Giolitti's premiership.
The bank governor, after the arrest, confessed the money paid to Crispi and Giolitti.
The prime minister was forced to resign at the end of 1893, and was replaced by Crispi.
All the accused were conducted to jail, but the judges denounced the disappearance of the documents essential to prove them guilty.
In 1898, the new Prime Minister Luigi Pelloux gave to the Intelligence apparatus full autonomy in the protection of National security and in coping with the frequent riots and anti-militarist propaganda.
In the Royal Carabinieri Corps, so named from 1861, merged the pre-unifica- tion State's security structure and the information services.
The fourteen legions in which the corps was organized were distributed throughout the territory, especially in the countryside.
In 1863, at the army General Staff was created the "I" Office, a Central Information Office, reflecting the Govone Intelligence structure.
Edoardo Driquet, a colonel of Hungarian origin, was in charge of the service. After three years, however, was forced to resign, following the defeat of the 1866's military campaigns.
In 1861 the Ministry of the Navy was separated from the War Ministry, and a new information service was created.
The information quest, however, was always up to the local commander and each single unit updated the war situation: via the interrogation of deserters and civilians, observation of enemy activities, border surveillance.
In 1875, the counter-Intelligence activities were attributed to the Carabinieri corps (military police) and had the task of informing the General commands.
The n. 968, 1882 Decree, established the position of Army (SME), Chief of Staff, that referred to the Minister of War about the troops management.
In 1889 the SMM commander position was established. In 1892 the "Regolamento di servizio di guerra" issued by the Minister of War, specified that the SME Commander, had the task of directing the local information Chief of Staff Unit.
Both the SME commander and the SMM one depended from the General Staff "I" Office.
According to some General Staff documents kept in the SIM archives the "I" Office was hidden until 1897 and was headed by Colonel Felice de Chaurand de Saint Eustache ( Pasqualini, 2006 ).
His successor, Colonel Vincenzo Garoni, in only three years created an efficient organization, bought the first telegraphic ciphers, issued rules for the informants correspondence, settled the officers along the border and secured a good financial budget.
Thus during the first forty years the Italian Intelligence was constituted by various Intelligence services, schematically summarized in:
• the Royal Carabinieri Corps Intelligence, the most secret of all, dedicated to the collection of information especially in the countryside, linked to the royal family;
• the Guardia di Finanza Intelligence, with institutional purposes;
• the Ministry of War and the Ministry of the Navy Intelligence, formed by a network of informers, military attaches and officers abroad;
• the "I" General Staff Office (Army);
• the Home Office Intelligence, divided into Polizia alta e bassa;
• the King and the Prime Minister Intelligence, one for each of the two authorities, autonomous, limited, free from the military supervision;
• the Foreign Affairs Intelligence, spread in diplomatic representations, and based on informants living abroad (the " patriots ").
After the war in Libya (1911-1912) the Office "I" was strengthened. Thanks to the contribution of many geographers, topographic maps for the troops on the field were realized, and enriched the General Staff monographs and the Military Maps Office.
In 1913 Cesare Battisti, the irredentist from Trentino that participated in the Great War, entered the army Intelligence in charge of patrol until July 1914.
In the years before the First World War, the Italian military Intelligence was not much structured. And the same was with the counter-Intelligence, offices in charge of the interception, and encryption.
From the early years the conflict suffered from the overlapping of tasks with other agencies (the troops reported information to the Supreme Command without passing through the Office "I").
Giovanni Giolitti devoted great attention to the civil service, both as Home Office Minister (1901-1902) and as Prime Minister (second term: 1903-1905). The assassination of King Umberto I by the anarchist Gaetano Brescia (1900) led to a new police Intelligence implementation.
Before the outbreak of the civil war, the Intelligence structure was divided in two sections, each sub-divided in two divisions: the Home Office Cabinet formed by the "Ufficio affari politici e riservati" and the "Servizio informazioni riservate", and the Public Security General Directorate with the "Ufficio riservato" and the "Servizio di guardie di città" (city guards), a body of the "polizia bassa".
6. The First World War
At the outbreak of the First World War, the Italian Intelligence was fragmented with no specific tasks assigned.
The military service focused almost exclusively on the troops at the front, while the police on the domestic affairs. A new office was created, the Political and Military Information Central Bureau, which updated the Prime Minister on political and military matters, both in time of peace and war. In 1917 the General Giovanni Garruccio left the seat as the "I" office commander and became the first director.
In addition to the four existing services, in 1917 due to war reasons the Central Bureau of Investigation, the UCI, was created. The new body, interconnected with the existing military Departments, had counter-Intelligence and military police tasks outside the war zones.
The UCI was commissioned to quell the growing anti-militarist propaganda (1917) and managed to dismantle in Rome, in the month of November of the same year, an enemy spy network with the arrest of several agents, an operation aimed at redeeming the Caporetto defeat.
The military Intelligence, for the first time opened to non-traditional fields, such as economics, social and political areas (the civil service traditional sectors).
When Italy entered into the war (1915), the army General Staff (SME) information Office was transferred to the troops Supreme Command in Udine, and only a section remained in Rome. On the battle field it was organized into six sections. The third section dealt with the counter-Intelligence and the military police and was traditionally assigned to the Carabinieri Intelligence.
Despite the military Intelligence was under the direction of the "I" Office ( Viviani, 1985 ), each Corps its own Intelligence Unit, and their reports were given directly to the Supreme Command. The operations Department ("Reparto operazioni e situazioni") had to manage information from two different sources.
The Italian military service participated with the corresponding allied Departments to the Information and the Inter-espionage Office based in Paris (an Italian Section was opened). The Navy informative activity didn't collaborate with the army. The Navy signed an agreement with the corresponding French corps, and the two bodies exchanged information.
During the war, important innovations on the technical side were introduced: aerial reconnaissance, decryption, sympathetic inks, newspaper ads.
In 1916 a reform (during the Colonel Giovanni Garruccio premiership) met up with the jurisdictional disputes on the information gathering. The Supreme Command Situation and Operations Office focused on the battle field troops, while the SME "I" Office (or "Supreme Command information office") focused exclusively on abroad and counter-Intelligence, more strategic than the ITO (Information from the Troops on the Battle field) office. From 1914, the SME commander coincided with the Supreme Commander (hence the new name of the structure).
This, in short, the new Supreme Command information structure:
• A Department commander based in Rome, in Milan and Udine;
• Three mobilized sections, namely U (Udine), M (Milan), R (Rome);
• A regional office in Milan and a branch office in Rome;
• Seventeen detached centers abroad.
The "R" counter-Intelligence and military police Department overlapped with the Carabinieri counter-Intelligence activities. The Department often bypassed its competence given the rather tenuous distinction between counter-espionage, and counter-espionage in the rear to the front.
As already mentioned, the Supreme Command and the ITO office were headed by the "Ufficio Situazioni ed Operazioni di Guerra". Each Army had an information office, "Centro Raccolta Informazioni Truppe Operanti" (Crito), Crito Division, Crito brigade and an ITO division Centre.
The new military Intelligence structure did not face the desired results immediately. A striking example was the Caporetto defeat (October 25 to November 12, 1917). The new director, the Colonel Odaordo Marchetti, had settled only two months before the defeat.
A psychological Unit to the demotivated troops after a severe defeat was soon created.
The Italian Intelligence during the First World War suffered from confusion and superficiality, especially at the front. It showed the lack of an overall vision and a feasible coordination between military and civilian authorities, as well as a multiplication of Intelligence structures ( De Lutiis, 1991 ).
As a conclusion, we cannot consider nowadays Italian Intelligence without a reflection on the historical process that led the Italian security agencies throughout the centuries and the pre-unification, unification, and post-unification phases and steps.
*Pioneer in Intelligence Studies in Italy, during the last 20 years the author's research interests focused on Intelligence, the relation with the Political Science and the Intelligence Cycle. With more than 70 books published on the topics; among them: The Intelligence Cycle, The History of M16, The History of the CIA, The History of the Italian Secret Services, The History of the Entity, The History of Mossad, and The History of the STASI.
[1] Colonna Vilasi, A. (2013). Storia dei servizi segreti italiani. Reggio Calabria: Città del Sole Edizioni.
[2] De Lutiis, G. (1991). Storia dei servizi segreti in Italia. Roma: Editori Riuniti.
[3] Pasqualini, M. G. (2006). Carte Segrete dell'Intelligence Italiana. 1861-1918. Roma: Rud.
[4] Viviani, A. (1985). Servizi segreti italiani. 1815-1985 (Vol. I).
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Click here for information relevant to surgical CT doctors working and training at the Princess Royal Hospital in Haywards Heath. The general surgery firm structure at Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust is currently undergoing a period of reorganisation so some details recorded here may have changed.
A previous PRH surgical F2 writes some advice to future F2s here. The F2 posts have now subsequently been changed in to CT core surgical trainee posts.
Helpful information about the on call responsibilities of general surgery, orthopaedics, urology and ENT Foundation Year 2 doctors working at the Princess Royal Hospital in Haywards Heath. Since this article was written the F2 posts have been changed in to CT posts.


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Standing for inclusion with Pride
How Patty Nishimura Dingle's intersectionality inspires her perspective leading Inclusion & Diversity efforts
Social injustice and racial inequality may be on everyone's mind these days, but for members of marginalized communities, these topics are nothing new. For some people, a life experience shaped by discrimination and exclusion has led to a desire and obligation to use their talents and skills to make the world a more inclusive place.
Patty Nishimura Dingle is one of those people. Since the early days of her career in broadcast journalism, Patty has been giving a voice to those that society has historically silenced. She was instrumental in establishing Inclusion & Diversity efforts at Visa years ago and continues to partner across our business to provide strategies, training and resources to grow our inclusive culture.
"2020 has frankly been a traumatic year for many people," says Patty. "In the midst of a global pandemic which could serve as a unifying moment for humanity, we instead continue to face the terrible realities of systemic racism against marginalized groups like the Black and African American community. I'm using every bit of my hands-on education in empathy and inclusion to support our employees through these troubling times."
Can you explain what you mean by your "hands-on education in empathy and inclusion?"
I'm the daughter of a Black father and a Japanese mother, and I also identify as Gay. Who I am has never fit neatly into any cultural stereotype, and at times it's been very hard to feel accepted. It also has profoundly shaped who I am today by giving me the strength to see and value diverse perspectives. My own intersectionality has shown me how important it is to take the time to learn about others. Not everyone was raised living a diverse life, nor are they living a diverse life today. I've come to see my experience as a gift. Sometimes I joke that I've earned the equivalent of a Ph.D. in empathy and inclusion based on my life experience. Just call me Dr. Dingle, the heart surgeon.
You've been involved with Inclusion & Diversity efforts at Visa since 2014. Which work are you most proud of?
Our small but mighty team has driven so much progress in a variety of ways over the years. Because of the work we've done internally, we continue to be recognized for our inclusive culture year after year by organizations like Human Rights Campaign and use the power of our brand to support important global initiatives that help advance progress toward acceptance for everyone, everywhere.
We have a lot of meaningful work in progress that I'm very excited about, but so far in my career I'm most proud of the Inclusive Leadership Training course we designed and developed completely in-house in partnership with Visa's Learning & Development team. After delivering other powerful trainings to our employees that had been developed by outside firms, we saw an opportunity to create a training customized to the specific needs of people leaders inside Visa. We used feedback from across our business to create customized coursework that helps people leaders at Visa strengthen inclusion competencies, become more aware and connected, and drive engagement and success within teams and in our company.
How do you continue to learn in your role?
I am an avid and intentional listener, and I learn from observation. I try to pick up on non-verbal cues and practice active listening. This helps increase my emotional intelligence and empathy for people.
Typically, many Pride celebrations would be happening this month. What does Pride stand for this year in light of everything happening in the world?
For me, Pride figuratively stands for being able to feel free to stand up tall with confidence no matter where you are or who you are in front of. It's about feeling safe to do this because of the support you have from others and laws that protect you – like the recent Title VII Supreme Court Ruling in the U.S. – so you do not have to live in fear.
How do you plan to participate in Pride while social distancing?
I'm a very sociable person and I love to host parties, so this year will be tough on a few levels. Although most Pride celebrations aren't happening in the typical sense, we can still participate by making sure we are loud and proud on social media, showing our solidarity with the Black and African American community, having discussions with family, encouraging others, and by calling and texting the people we love. And don't forget to support Gay- and Black-owned businesses and tell people about them.
What keeps you engaged with your work?
I'm proud of Visa's commitments to use our business to affect real change, and I'm proud of the work we've been driving for years to support inclusion and diversity, but there is so much more to be done. Being a part of this journey at a place where I can have an impact that is felt everywhere is important to me – now more than ever.
Tag: Diversity Tag: Life at Visa
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text:
Q: Error when pass date from PHP to MYSQL database This is my PHP code to send a date to MYSQL, but when i open the management tool of my database i get this values: 0000-00-00 00:00:00 Mysql type is set to "datetime".
...
$dataprova = date("Y-m-d H:i:s");
$query = "INSERT INTO oxybet(data) VALUES ('&dataprova')";
if (mysql_query($query)) {
   echo "ok";
   echo($dataprova);
} else {
   echo "error";
}
...

While in my page i correctly obtain: 2014-04-20 15:22:15, db show 0000-00-00 00:00:00
What is the error?

A: $query = "INSERT INTO oxybet(data) VALUES ('&dataprova')";

Change to:
$query = "INSERT INTO oxybet(data) VALUES ('$dataprova')";


text:
How Rising Sea Levels in SE Asia could Impact Singapore
Contributor: Aron MELTZNER
Channel NewsAsia's documentary titled "Carbon Conundrum" investigates how carbon emissions contribute to rising global temperatures, which lead to rising sea levels and extreme weather events. In the documentary aired on television (channel 106 on Starhub) on 31 March 2020, Assistant Professor Aron Meltzner and his team provided insights on how rising sea levels in the southeast Asian region could impact Singapore.
Using microatolls (circular colonies of coral) the team is able to track changes in the sea level. A study led by Asst. Prof Meltzner found that more than 6,000 years ago when there was no human-driven climate change, there were fluctuations of about 60 centimetres in sea levels in southeast Asia. He told Channel NewsAsia, "If it happened in the past, it could happen again in the future, it might even be happening today."
"This is something that would be happening on top of any changes happening globally due to climate change. It means the amount of sea level we could face in the next few decades and in the next century could be much worse than what we're preparing for."
Citing past climate events in Singapore such as the flood in Orchard Road that occurred in 2010, Asst. Prof Meltzner said that "events 10 years ago that were extraordinary are going to become ordinary" as sea levels rise. "The more sea level rises, the less rain you need, the lower the tide needs to be for flooding to occur."
"The Carbon Conundrum" is also available online and can be viewed here.
Asia, Asia > Southeast Asia, Asia > Southeast Asia > Singapore
Climate Change, Extreme Weather Events, Sea-Level Rise


Our Snowflake Rime is a traditional yet elegant snowflake in 2-tone. What is a winter season without snowflakes.
"Say it with snowflakes" is our motto for this winter season and what better way to start it than to add those snowflakes to caps, scarves, and even that old pair of ladies boots that need a "facelift".


Maui Jungalow: Dragon Eye Fruit and Fruit Snatchers Dragon Eye Fruit and Fruit Snatchers. Maui Jungalow Dragon Eye Fruit Fruit Snatchers Dragon eyes from Mana Foods. Dragon eyes are also related to , but are greenish-yellow instead of reddish-pink, smoother-skinned, slightly more perfumey in fragrance, and easier to peel. But I've always preferred lychees, until recently, when I spotted some dragon eyes at. Maui Jungalow Dragon Eye Fruit - Image Results More Maui Jungalow Dragon Eye Fruit images.


Failure to get paid is NOT an accident.
If you leave invoicing until later (Friday for instance) its very easy not to invoice at all. It can happen also if, for whatsoever reason, you leave invoicing until "tomorrow".
Many times, I've been called in to examine and review the medical invoicing process of a private medical practice and discovered an issue with invoicing frequency. So why are "tomorrow" "Friday" or "when I get chance" the worst possible things for me to hear? Nine out of ten times such an approach is a big clue as to the reason why the practice is not getting paid the cash it should be.
If you want to ensure your practice is paid promptly, the first place to start is raising an invoice. And invoices should be raised DAILY!
In one extreme example a practice was invoicing at the end of each month. No wonder there was a problem.
If invoices are raised daily should something happen to delay that ONE day's invoicing, it is corrected the very next.
Tuesday January 12th, 2016 a consultant ran an outpatient clinic and saw five patients. Three follow ups and two initial consultations. £850 worth of consultations. Yet invoices were not produced for this work until Friday January 29th.


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FrumBeast Daily Poll
Daily Poll: Does Romney Share the Values of the Republican Party?
Ryan Prior
Updated 07.13.17 12:16PM ET / Published 03.06.12 10:20AM ET
Jim Watson / Getty Images
Polls suggest that Mitt Romney will do well in today's primaries but he is still having trouble connecting to voters. In a speech to some of Ohio's Republican voters, Rick Santorum suggesting that this is because Romney's values "are not the values of the Republican Party."
PLAIN CITY, Ohio — Rick Santorum declared today he is already winning in the battle against Mitt Romney because voters are seeing that Romney's "values are not the values of the Republican party."
"We're winning," Santorum said in an interview with ABC News. "Whether we end up with the most votes or not [in Ohio], we're winning."
Do you agree with Rick Santorum that Mitt Romney's values are not the values of the Republican Party? Vote now on Facebook.


text:
Home » Automobile News
Global carmakers to invest at least $90 billion in electric vehicles
That money is pouring in to a tiny sector that amounts to less than 1 percent of the 90 million vehicles sold each year and where Elon Musk`s Tesla Inc, with sales of only three models totaling just over 100,000 vehicles in 2017, was a dominant player.
Customers look at a Tesla Model X P100D at Tesla Motors'' new showroom in Manhattan''s Meatpacking District in New York
Written By: Reuters
Detroit, Reuters
Google Maps adds plug type filter for EV charging stations
India bets big on electric vehicles in push for green transport
All about that bass: Carmakers seek electric car sounds for post-petrol era
Budget 2019: Top 5 expectations of automakers from PM Narendra Modi led govt
Budget 2019: Auto alert! This big move can be expected for electric car lovers; know how
Ford Motor Co`s plan to double its electrified vehicle spending is part of an investment tsunami in batteries and electric cars by global automakers that now totals $90 billion and is still growing, a Reuters analysis shows.
With the world`s top automakers poised to introduce dozens of new battery electric and hybrid gasoline-electric models over the next five years - many of them in China - executives continue to ask: Who will buy all those vehicles?
"We`re all in," Ford Motor Executive Chairman Bill Ford Jr said of the company`s $11 billion investment, announced on Sunday at the North American International Auto Show in Detroit. "The only question is, will the customers be there with us?"
"Tesla faces real competition," said Mike Jackson, chief executive of AutoNation Inc, the largest U.S. auto retailing chain. By 2030, Jackson said he expects electric vehicles could account for 15-20 percent of New vehicle sales in the United States.
Investments in electrified vehicles announced to date include at least $19 billion by automakers in the United States, $21 billion in China and $52 billion in Germany.
But U.S. and German auto executives said in interviews on the sidelines of the Detroit auto show that the bulk of those investments are earmarked for China, where the government has enacted escalating electric-vehicle quotas starting in 2019.
Mainstream automakers also are reacting in part to pressure from regulators in Europe and California to slash carbon emissions from fossil fuels. They are under pressure as well from Tesla`s success in creating electric sedans and SUVs that inspire would-be owners to flood the company with orders.
While Tesla is the most prominent electric car maker, "soon it will be everybody and his brother," Daimler AG Chief Executive Dieter Zetsche told reporters on Monday at the Detroit show.
Daimler has said it will spend at least $11.7 billion to introduce 10 pure electric and 40 hybrid models, and that it intends to electrify its full range of vehicles, from minicompact commuters to heavy-duty trucks.
"We will see whether demand will drive our (electric vehicle) sales or whether we will all be trying to catch the last customer out there," Zetsche said. "Ultimately, the customer will decide."
For now, Nissan Motor Co Ltd`s 7-year-old Leaf remains the world`s top-selling electric vehicle and the company`s sole battery-only car - an offering soon to be swamped by new rivals bringing tougher competition that could add pressure to pricing. "Everybody will find out that if you push you will have a lot of bad news on residual values," Nissan Chief Performance Officer Jose Munoz told Reuters.
Jim Lentz, chief executive of Toyota Motor Corp`s North American operations, said it took Toyota 18 years for sales of hybrid vehicles to reach 3 percent share of the total market. And hybrids are less costly, do not require new charging infrastructure and are not burdened by the range limits of battery electric vehicles, he said.
"What`s it going to take to get to 4 to 5 percent" share for electric cars, Lentz said. "It`s going to be longer."
The largest single investment is coming from Volkswagen AG, which plans to spend $40 billion by 2030 to build electrified versions of its 300-plus global models.
In the United States, General Motors Co has outlined plans to introduce 20 new battery and fuel cell electric vehicles by 2023, most of them built on a new dedicated, modular platform that will be introduced in 2021.
GM Chief Executive Mary Barra has not said how much the automaker will spend on electric vehicles. Much of the investment will be made in China, where GM`s Cadillac brand will help spearhead the company`s more aggressive move into electric vehicles, according to Cadillac President Johan de Nysschen.
In an interview on Monday at the Detroit show, de Nysschen said Cadillac would "play a central role" in GM`s electric vehicle strategy in China, and will introduce an unspecified number of models based on GM`s future electric-vehicle platform. Some of those Cadillacs could be assembled in China, de Nysschen said.
Chinese automakers, including local partners of Ford, VW and GM, all have publicized aggressive investment plans.
Not every multinational automaker is moving so aggressively into electric vehicles.
In Detroit on Monday, Fiat Chrysler Automobiles NV Chief Executive Sergio Marchionne said it did not make sense to announce a specific number of new electric vehicles – and he said the company was not under pressure, but working to meet emissions requirements. "We do not have a gun to our head," Marchionne said. He said EVs will likely become mandatory in Europe because of emissions rules.
Electric CarsFord Motor Coglobal automakersElon MuskTesla IncNissanToyotaToyota Motor CorpCadillacFiat ChryslerGeneral motorsVolkswagenAutomobile
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Budget 2020 MyPick: This share can give whopping returns in long-term, says Nirmal Bang stock expert Rahul Arora


text:
En 861, Charles le Chauve crée deux marches en Neustrie, afin de défendre cette région contre une double menace représentée par les Bretons et par les Vikings.

Histoire

La marche de Neustrie (861-911)
La marche de Neustrie, créée pour la défense contre les Bretons est désignée par « marche bretonne » et celle contre les Normands par « marche normande ». Ces appellations ne sont en rien contemporaines, les deux marches ayant été  désignées sous le terme générique de « marche de Neustrie ».

La « marche bretonne » confiée en 861 à Robert le Fort, comprenait la Touraine, l'Anjou et le Maine, ce dernier ayant à l'époque perdu sa capitale, Le Mans, et les territoires alentour, érigés en apanage, le duché du Mans.

La « marche normande », qui s'étendait depuis la région du Mans en Basse-Normandie jusqu'à la Seine, échoit à Adalard le Sénéchal et à ses parents Udo et Bérenger, fils du comte Gebhard.

Mais les Rorgonides, possessionnés du comté du Maine, s'opposèrent aux nouveaux marquis et intriguèrent à la cour, de sorte que Charles le Chauve retira la marche normande à Adalard et à ses parents, pour la confier aux Rorgonides, qui la tiennent jusqu'en 885. Pendant ce temps, dans l'autre marche, Robert le Fort, brièvement écarté vers 865 est tué lors d'un engagement contre les Normands en 866, et est remplacé par un parent de sa femme, Hugues l'Abbé.

En 885, Charles le Gros devient roi de France et nomme Henri, un noble de Francie Orientale, comme marquis de la « marche normande », mais il est tué peu après, en 886. Hugues l'Abbé meurt également en 886. Sont alors nommés Eudes pour la « marche bretonne » et Bérenger pour la « marche normande ».

En 911, le traité de Saint-Clair-sur-Epte donne à Rollon le comté de Rouen, base du futur duché de Normandie. La « marche normande » qui n'a plus lieu d'être, est alors fusionnée avec l'autre marche, et l'on voit le marquis Robert parfois qualifié de demarchus, soit maître des deux marches.

Liste des marquis de Neustrie

Sources

Références

Voir aussi
Marche de Bretagne

Histoire de la France médiévale
 liste
Marche du haut Moyen Âge


At The Kleister Law Group, we have extensive experience handling landlord-tenant issues. Our legal team includes Orange County landlord-tenant lawyer Christopher Kleister and paralegal Jennifer McCarthy. We represent landlords seeking evictions, as well as tenants experiencing complicated matters. With nearly 20 years of combined experience, our team understands the serious financial hardships associated with disputes and litigation.
Don't let disputes control your life — take control of the situation with guidance from an experienced New York attorney. Contact us today at 845-827-1909.
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We will evaluate your unique situation from every angle to determine the best course of action.


text:
Community members gather to remember KCMO homicide victim
Award for tips increases to $7,000
Updated: 5:53 PM CDT Jul 27, 2014
Matt Evans SOURCE: Matt Evans
About a dozen community members gathered to condemn violence Sunday.People gathered at the intersection of Bannister Road and James A. Reed Street -- the same intersection where police said Adrian Reed was gunned down in his car last week.Gatherers said it's only a matter of time before Reed's killer will be caught."We need to break this code of silence for our community and start speaking out against these types of crimes," community activist Ron Hunt said. "This type of silence is killing our community."They also talked about how important it is for people to report crimes."This gun is taking people's lives. It does not have an eye, it does not see anything. Who you aim to, you pull this trigger, it's going to take your life whether you're white, black, Hispanic, red and brown," community activist MD Alam said.An anonymous donor has increased the award for any information leading to an arrest in the case to $7,000.
About a dozen community members gathered to condemn violence Sunday.
People gathered at the intersection of Bannister Road and James A. Reed Street -- the same intersection where police said Adrian Reed was gunned down in his car last week.
Gatherers said it's only a matter of time before Reed's killer will be caught.
"We need to break this code of silence for our community and start speaking out against these types of crimes," community activist Ron Hunt said. "This type of silence is killing our community."
They also talked about how important it is for people to report crimes.
"This gun is taking people's lives. It does not have an eye, it does not see anything. Who you aim to, you pull this trigger, it's going to take your life whether you're white, black, Hispanic, red and brown," community activist MD Alam said.
An anonymous donor has increased the award for any information leading to an arrest in the case to $7,000.


When women reach a certain age, we are expected to step back, melt into the wallpaper, and be invisible. We might be tempted to do just that since the odds to succeed in voicing ourselves and making a difference in this world sometimes seems to be stacked against us.
Not necessarily so. We have to work for it, true, but it is not an insurmountable feat.
Watch this Ted Talk and be encouraged.
Categories: On Being Human, Video | Permalink.
Wow. Thanks for sharing this, Lori. I need to pass it on to a few coworkers, including one who gets frustrated about people discussing projects she's working on within earshot but not inviting her to participate, even though it involves her role in it. They're rude for doing it, and I've been trying to gently convince her to jump right in instead of stewing quietly about it. This might be a good reinforcement.
And I so appreciate your saying so. My hope whenever I blog or share a post is that there is some benefit for someone. Thank you.


Last few Pro Blaster Retailers Edition back on sale.
Due to a very small number of customer cancellations we've been able to put the Tomenosuke Pro Blaster Retailers Edition back up for sale. We have less than five available, so this will be your final opportunity to own this iconic gun.
You can view the Blaster in the store here.


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Lindsay Lohan's Beach Club Series Canceled by MTV? Maybe?
A source told E! News that the series was being reworked, but the actress/boss is saying otherwise...
TVReality TVLindsay LohanMTVEntertainment
Lindsay Lohan's MTV show is done…as we know it? Lohan dipped her toe in reality TV with Lohan Beach Club, a series that followed her and the staff of her Mykonos club.
A source close to the show told E! News MTV was looking to "rework some things" and "try and salvage" the series when they ran into creative differences. However, a source stressed the show might not be done for good. Reports surfaced that Lohan had also closed the physical club.
"The show was moving into a new direction, perhaps not enough drama in my life for reality TV formula (as that's not where I am in my life) the drama. And for the club, we are simply moving the focus to a brand new and exciting location in Athens and also a new location and partnership to be announced in Mykonos. It's all positive," Lohan said in a statement to E! News via her representative.
Lindsay Lohan Talks Being a Boss on "Beach Club"
The reality series, which drew comparisons to Bravo's Vanderpump Rules, debuted in January 2019 and followed Lohan, Panos Spentzos and a number of ambassadors who worked at her club. Beach Club premiered to just over half a million viewers. Ratings dipped a bit with the finale in March receiving roughly 400,000 day-of viewers.
"I'm a nice person and I like people, so I'm a people person," Lohan told E! News before the show premiered.
At the time of premiere, she said she was hesitant to do reality TV. "When I made that beach and I designed it, it was more for me having people come and have fun, but not showing myself being there, that's the beauty of it. Now I really messed that one up, but in a good way. Everything will be great and we'll do hopefully another season," she said in January 2019.
"She's a good boss, I can say that. She's very realistic, she's very good. She's a sweetheart to me, you know, because we work together, but as for the people that work for us, she's a bit strict sometimes. But I'm worse, so don't worry," Spentzos said about Lohan's boss style at the time of the show's premiere.


This entry was posted in New Hampshire, nor'easter 2018 and tagged Exeter NH, New England, New Hampshire, Nor'easter, snow accumulation, snowy day by Annie. Bookmark the permalink.
Wonderful shots! 🙂 You guys on the east coast sure are getting clobbered with snow!
We're due for a little more snow tonight, but the temperatures are warming and snow is melting pretty quickly. That's the good thing about late snowfalls.
Oh boy are you guys getting buried under the snow. I'd say that poor bench has had it. Stay safe! Hoping Spring finds its way to you soon.
When it finally arrives, I'll come indoors only to eat and sleep! Cabin fever big time!
Oh my! That looks like Tahoe!
I wish it was Tahoe…..
Why would you want to be in Tahoe?
Well… not to live but maybe a week at a spa.
But there must be better spas in New England! Tahoe is too crazy.
Yours is the only blog I follow and I never fail to read it.