text:
AMENOPHIS
3.96 | 108 ratings | 12 reviews | 21% 5 stars
Excellent addition to any
prog rock music collection
Buy AMENOPHIS Music
from Progarchives.com partners
Studio Album, released in 1983
Songs / Tracks Listing
1. Suntower (5:18)
2. The flower (7:31)
a) The appearance
b) Discovering the entrance in the shadow of a dying bloom
3. Venus (7:03)
4. The last requiem (24:32)
a) Looking for refuge
b) The prince
c) Armageddon
Bonus tracks available on cd.
5. Bonjour, magnifiques Champs-Elysees (1:45)
6. Notre dame tres honorable (4:01)
7. Le vivant montmatre (2:17)
8. Une promenade sur la rive de la Seine (3:47)
9. La vue de la tour eiffel (2:52)
Line-up / Musicians
- Stefan Rößmann / drums, keyboards, acoustic guitar, synthesizers
- Michael Rößmann / guitars, keyboards
- Wolfgang Vollmuth / bass, acoustic guitar, keyboards, vocals
Releases information
LP Pallas Records B.21.856-1983 / Cd. Musea Records FGBG 4052.AR-1992
Thanks to ProgLucky for the addition
Buy AMENOPHIS Amenophis Music
Demos 1991-1992 by Amenophis
I Hate $33.29
Amenophis by Amenophis
Musea $24.25
More places to buy AMENOPHIS music online
Buy AMENOPHIS & Prog Rock Digital Music online:
AmazonMP3: Search for AMENOPHIS DRM-Free MP3 Downloads @ Amazon.com MP3
AMENOPHIS Amenophis ratings distribution
Essential: a masterpiece of progressive rock music(21%)
Excellent addition to any prog rock music collection(44%)
Good, but non-essential (30%)
Collectors/fans only (6%)
Poor. Only for completionists (0%)
AMENOPHIS Amenophis reviews
Showing all collaborators reviews and last reviews preview | Show all reviews/ratings
Collaborators/Experts Reviews
Review by Marcelo
An excellent underrated album, with delicated and beautiful landscapes. Mostly instrumental and far away from the typical German rough-symphonic rock (a la ELOY or NOVALIS), this band seems to be influenced by the most elegant CAMEL and GENESIS. If you enjoy soft atmospheric and changing music, and vintage sounds with nice interplay between keyboards and guitar, this is a highly recommended album.
Posted Saturday, December 20, 2003 | Review this album | Report (Review #641)
Review by loserboy
Musea have once again released a real prog lovers gem in AMENOPHIS. Very much in the spirit of GENESIS and CAMELl, AMENOPHIS delivers some delicious prog moments. Musea have added some nice live cuts at the end of the CD giving a nice historical perspective to the CD re-release. Songs are all well remastered and sound delivery here is very good. AMENOPHIS blend elements of drums, keyboards, bass and guitar with gentleness and sophistication. AMENOPHIS is quite symphonic in parts and songs are well arranged and offer different tempos throughout. There is some real nice progressive moments captured here with excellent guitar and key interplay. This is great music !
Posted Monday, March 15, 2004 | Review this album | Report (Review #642)
Review by Heptade
A decent release from the dark ages of prog (1983). Heavily influenced by Camel, this group creates an enticing canvases of Latimer-esque guitar and flowing analogue keyboards. I don't really hear a big Genesis-influence, as others have said. Not as much as Neuschwanstein, anyway. Heavy on the beauty, not the chops, which is good for me, but if Relayer is your favourite album, this won't nearly be choppy enough for you. The vocals are as predictably poor as we can expect from European bands trying to wrap their tongues around clumsy English lyrics, but fortunately, as on many Eloy albums, the long instrumental passages are worth trying to ignore them. The CD collects a bunch of bonus tracks, which are in French for some reason, but they are nice acoustic pieces which don't resemble the rest of album much. Camel freaks might want to search this one out.
Posted Wednesday, August 31, 2005 | Review this album | Report (Review #45053)
Review by erik neuteboom
It was a 'progrock sin' to ignore this wonderful 24-carat symphonic rock album for so many years but when I re-discovered it a few months ago, I've played this eponymous debut album by German prog band Amenophis many times and every time it manages to generate the same huge excitement, "wunderbar"! Their music is very melodic and pure and based upon beautiful interplay between sensitive electric guitar and soaring keyboards (often a wonderful strings sound). The climates fluently change from dreamy to heavy or bombastic with obvious echoes from early Camel, especially when the guest musician on flute is playing. The five bonustracks sound not really interesting, it's quite mellow music, also because the drummer has left his drums at home and plays only synthesizers and acoustic guitar in the studio. At some moments the acoustic guitar work is pleasant with hints from Steve Hackett. But back to the four compositions (between 5 and 12 minutes) on the original album (1983): if you love symphonic prog, check out this wonderful album!
Posted Friday, November 3, 2006 | Review this album | Report (Review #97012)
Review by ClemofNazareth
SPECIAL COLLABORATOR Prog Folk Researcher
Yet another symphonic rock gem I would never have discovered without the benefit of the Progarchives, Amenophis are a lost treasure of the progressive past resurrected courtesy of the rush by many labels to build up their CD catalogs in the nineties. This is one of the keepers.
The arrangements on this album remind me a whole lot of Camel, with the notable exception that these guys don't have a flautist, although they do a good job of creating some synthesized flute-like sounds. The net effect though is that this album sounds like what Camel might be without Andy Latimer's flute, and with an acoustic guitarist who tends toward Spanish flair at times. All three band members play a variety of keyboards, so there is a great blend of sounds on the album. Most tracks are instrumental, and on the ones that have vocals the tone is mellow, soft, and rooted in the seventies.
It's not surprising given the 1983 release of this album that it didn't take off, but I would imagine it would have gotten a much better reception a few years earlier. Typical of seventies symphonic rock, the album is divided into four rather lengthy tracks, each somewhat distinct but having a loose sort of coupling, mostly in the consistent arrangements. The vocal reverb effects are a bit sophomoric, but considering these guys were basically amateurs when they recorded this, they can be forgiven the occasional cheesiness.
The recording quality isn't the best I've ever heard, but presumably the Musea version is a cleaned-up one, so it probably sounds better than the original vinyl, which almost no one likely has anyway.
With song titles like "Discovering the Entrance in the Shadow of a Dying Bloom" and "The Last Requiem" one doesn't have to have much of an imagination to visualize the type of music on this album – mystic, earthy, and often highly orchestral even if delivered almost exclusively from keyboards and acoustic guitar. The electric guitar parts and more elaborate vocals hint strongly of a Genesis influence, but closer to 'Wind and Wuthering' than to 'Trepass' or 'Nursery Cryme'.
The bonus tracks on the CD version are pretty much live, and for some reason the titles are French. These are interesting, are even more mellow than the original album itself, and are more inclined to acoustic guitar and what sounds like an electric piano. The timbre of most of these tracks sounds French as well, and frankly nothing on this album really hints at its German origin. A real anomaly in all respects.
Too bad these guys didn't hang around to make a career of music, as I think they would have had a long and fruitful career had they arrived either ten years sooner or twenty years later. As it stands, they delivered a great album full of symphonic and emotional music, and it makes for a great bit of mood music today. Highly recommended to hard- core symphonic fans, and a four-star album for sure.
Posted Tuesday, March 20, 2007 | Review this album | Report (Review #115816)
Review by kenethlevine
SPECIAL COLLABORATOR Prog-Folk Team
This is truly one of the lost classics of German symphonic prog, all the more impressive as it hails from the dark days of 1983 and seems to avoid all the horrid trappings of that decade while still sounding original.
Amenophis on this debut is more ethereal sounding than any of its admittedly mellow influences, like Camel, Genesis, Yes, Eloy, Renaissance (listen to instrumental break in "Venus" to see what I mean - think "A Song for All Seasons") and perhaps even Focus and Sebastian Hardie. The vocals are emotive although spare, keyboards rich, and the guitars varied in expression. Not to mention that the monster epic track, "The Last Requiem", features some pretty nice flute during its purposefully meandering 24 minutes.
The bonus cuts are somewhat new agey, being acoustic guitar and string synth duets. and would not be worth 5 stars on their own, but they are pleasant enough and follow logically from the original album that I cannot dock a star for their existence. They represent a fascinating experiment in lush minimalism.
Amenophis comes with my highest recommendation if you are into the pastoral side of symphonic progressive rock.
Posted Monday, June 18, 2007 | Review this album | Report (Review #126243)
Review by Mellotron Storm
It always brings me joy to discover great prog from the eighties, I guess because it doesn't happen very often. AMENOPHIS are from Germany and they released two albums in their careers.The band I was reminded of when listening to this album was GENESIS, and that would mainly be because of the guitarist. This guy can really play some amazing melodies, especially with the acoustic guitar. Actually the last five bonus songs are all fairly short instrumentals, primarily made up of some tasteful, beautiful and intricate acoustic guitar melodies. Nice. His brother is the drummer, while the bass player's talented sister (an artist) actually designed the surreal cover art. This record though is guitar driven all the way.
"Suntower" is so well done, the keyboards and the relaxed guitar solos.This is all so melodic, but the song ends quite aggressively with keys and guitar leading the way. "The Flower" is my favourite song. We hear vocals for the first time in this beautiful and delicate song. Guitar comes in at 2 minutes and it's fantastic ! This is a GENESIS moment for me as the tempo changes continue in this song. Some great energetic guitar solos after 6 minutes.
"Venus" has a spacey intro as vocals come in. Guitar and drums play on as some in your face bass arrives 5 minutes in with keyboards following. "The Last Requiem" is my second favourite. For the record i'd swear there was flute on these last two songs. Anyway the guitar in the intro is really good and the drums and bass lead the way until a scorching guitar solo comes in. It's almost 4 minutes in before we hear vocals.
A couple of years ago Greg Walker sent me his "work in progress" list of what he feels are the all time greatest prog records (one per band) ever recorded. It's a 3 page list and this record is included, now I know why. 4 bright stars.
Posted Friday, June 22, 2007 | Review this album | Report (Review #126506)
Review by NJprogfan
Starting off with some nice piano then symphonic synth, "Suntower" sounds very soft at first but then 3 minutes in it picks up speed and is very original and smooth sounding. Some people compare them to Camel, but to me they sound more like Sebastian Hardie, mainly because it's very guitar oriented throughout much like Mario Millo's playing in Sebastian Hardie. Vocals are not a highlight, but for the most part, especially on "The Flower", the singing is kept somewhat behind the instruments and I must point out that the Genesis comparisons are mainly for this tune with it's Gabriel-like fantasy lyrics and the flute passages and Hackett-like flourishes throughout. The accented-German singing gets in the way of "Venus" an otherwise decent soft prog track though things pick up at the four and a half mark when the songs switches gears and becomes a bit jazzier then steals a bit of classical, (don't ask me what classical song it is I'm not up on my classical, but you've heard it a million times before). "The Last Requiem" is a 24:20 epic with really nice flute work, nimble drumming, (catch the Genesis drum swipe 2 minutes in!) and subtle yet fiery guitar. Unfortunately there's some terrible singing towards the end but it's only for a short period of time. The last five tracks are short instumentals, very nice with an overall classical nature. This is a fine prog album from the dark ages of the early 80's. A great find by the guys from Musea with a typically excellent booklet with pictures and an extensive history of the band. Well worth the price if you are curious about quality symph-prog from the 80's. 3.5 stars!
Posted Saturday, September 15, 2007 | Review this album | Report (Review #138404)
Review by ZowieZiggy
To release a debut album in 1983 has nothing special, per se. But should the album been a progressive work of interest is another matter. And "Amenophis" did a good job on this one.
Purist might say that some musical lines are borrowed, I just feel that the music displayed here is very pleasant, diverse yet mostly instrumental. From the wild and hectic opener "Suntower", the listener is plunged into a sweet and very delicate "The Flower" which features some fine English vocals (which is not often the case with German bands, unfortunately).
Some pastoral moments combined with more rocking ones are a winner. Melody is never forgotten either. This band deserves the attention of any symphonic prog enthusiast. They had their influences of course, but to have the courage to release such a work in those progless times surely deserves high recognition.
Not all compositions are great of course (otherwise, this album would have been a masterpiece), but even in the weakest moments, "Amenophis" scores rather high ("Venus").
The central piece of the album is of course "The Last Requiem". A twenty-four minutes epic full of sublime guitar breaks (wild at times, atmospheric during others). The band (and the lead vocalist) being at unison. Even if it is deeply related to the early mid-seventies, the music is really enjoyable. But I belong to that generation (as to the blank one, but this is another story).
This epic will appeal to all early "Camel" fans. Emotion in the guitar play and fantastic harmony are mixed with some more (short) jazzy passages. Actually, this is the archetype of symphonic prog music (by far my fave genre).
Unlike many other bands of the time, "Amenophis" succeeded in being interesting throughout their effort. They can't be consider as too cloned, like many others IMHHO. At least during this album which I consider as a very good one.
Four stars.
Posted Friday, August 29, 2008 | Review this album | Report (Review #181051)
Review by Tarcisio Moura
Some friends at the ProgBrasil forum talked about this obscure German band raving about their come back, but I had never heard of them until then. It´s hard to believe any artist, in Germany or elsewhere, releasing a symphonic prog album in 1983. So I thought it must be pretty damn good to do so. And when I finally got the CD, my feelings were mixed. Nothing original, although no copycat either. Strong Camel influences, of course (there´s even a few bars that comes close to The Snowgoose on The Last Requiem), but there is more than just that, with classical, flamenco and jazz overtones all around.
I guess it could have been a lot better if they released a completely instrumental album or at least had the trouble to get a decent singer. Vocals are weak and with a strong accent, making those sung parts the least enjoyable moments of the album. It seems they knew that, for the vocals are put too low in the mix. However, the songwriting is pretty good overall. The massive 24 minute epic The Last Requiem have several excellent sections, but it has a few boring ones too. I guess they tried to bite more than could chew at the time. I specially liked the very fine guitar parts (acoustic and electric) and the Bardens-like atmospheric keyboards. The rhythm section is good, if not too outstanding. Production is also only adequate (wonder if they had a better producer and a top studio...). Some flute semes to be added on a couple of tracks but the player was not credited.
My CD has five short bonus tracks, strangely all bearing french titles, and has little to do with the original LP, being acoustic guitar/keyboards instrumentals with a new age feel on them. I wonder when, why or how they were recorded. Nice, ok, but they don´t add nothing to the (very good) group´s debut work.
Rating: something between 3.5 and 4 stars. I found this album to be more promising than really excellent, although some parts are, really. A little disjoined bits and the poor vocals mar the overall greatness of it, but not much. If you´re into early Camel, however, you can´t miss this one. I´ll round up to four however, because at the time it was released it was great compared to what was being produced. Certainly it was a bold move that didn´t pay off (at least commercially) and they deserved to be more appreciated by the prog community.
Posted Friday, February 28, 2014 | Review this album | Report (Review #1139658)
Review by Warthur
In the same year as Yes seemed to hammer the final nail into the coffin of their classic sound with 90125, Amenophis offered up a reinvigorated take on it on this delicious album. Not content to be a mere clone band, the German unit do an excellent job of updating the Yes approach both for 80s production standards and synthesisers. In particular, they seem to have a real knack for appreciating the particular properties and possibilities of 80s synthesisers, rather than making the error of simply treating them like fancy updated versions of 1970s synths, and they really go to town with exploring the possibilities of applying this to a mid-1970s Yes sound.
As well as the music, Amenophis also update their lyrical concerns for a new generation whilst still retaining the air of fantasy which was so appealing about Yes. This is perhaps best realised on The Last Requiem, in which 1980s concerns about a resurgence of the Cold War and a potential nuclear conflagration creep into the lyrical approach and also inform some spooky sections which, outside of The Gates of Delirium, Yes never approached in terms of atmosphere (though the music here is not quite so complex as that epic).
Although the followup would prove to be a major misstep, Amenophis' debut stands as a worthy contribution to the prog revival of the early 1980s, and in particular an interesting instance of a band incorporating sonic advances of the 1980s into a prog framework without sliding into full-blown neo-prog.
Posted Monday, January 23, 2017 | Review this album | Report (Review #1683797)
Latest members reviews
What a revelation! Listening to this the first time I was simply blown away. How could I have not found this sooner? Another masterpiece lost to time? Suntower - breathtaking use of music that can almost be described as scenic; ever soothing, never boring. The Flower - a great balance o ... (read more)
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To play in a Jam you must place your name on the Jam board.
Jammers are expected to meet a competent standard of musicianship and be familiar with standard 3-chord, 12-bar blues songs.
The CBS provides a lyric folder of classic blues songs if required.
If this is your first time, ask to speak to the Jam Session Coordinator (a CBS Committee member) to secure a place in a jam session.
Jammers are encouraged to have their names on the whiteboard by 1:45pm.
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Coordinator will try to give everyone an opportunity to perform.
A rehearsed act may do a set as a band if it is prearranged at least 24 hours in advance of the jam by emailing the musician representative on the link beneath.
The Jam Session Coordinator is responsible for managing the stage and whiteboard of jammers who have nominated to perform.
The Jam Session Coordinator determines the final line-up for each set and the whiteboard order of play, encourages discussion and negotiation between jammers to provide fair opportunity, maximum inclusion and, where possible, a varied mix.
The Jam Session Coordinator may ask jammers to adjust their volume accordingly.
The Jam Session Coordinator decision is final, including refusing jammers the right to play.
The Jam Session Coordinator may reduce or increase the set time depending on the number of jammers on the day.
In most cases the vocalist decides on the songs, the key and tempo.
Acoustic guitars, special blues harp mics, keyboards etc should be plugged into the DI inputs provided at the front of the stage – ask the sound engineer to point them out if not sure.
Three vocal mics with foldback are provided. For special requests like a mic for a wind instrument or additional vocal mics – discuss before your Jam session with the sound engineer.
No-one is permitted to bring an amp onto the stage without checking with the Jam Session Coordinator prior to the start of the jam. Only amps that are mic'd or DI'd to the PA can be used.
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Jammers must take care of equipment belonging to the host band or supplied by the CBS.
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text:
Q: how can I hide an argument on javascript? Now my code is going to hide index.html but I want to hide highlighted.html as well. I've tried to add + 'highlighted.html' but it doesn't work.
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Now my code looks like this:
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Here I could hide both but I still can see the highlighted.html from the second argument.
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A: Not sure how this code is supposed to work, but for the AND logical operation in the if clause, you should use the && operator:
if (fsStructure[strPath].subshtmls[i] != 'index.html'
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The above means "if the value is not 'index.html' AND it's not 'highlighted.html'".
To make it a bit more readable - since you'd be using the file name twice, you could introduce a helper variable:
var fileName = fsStructure[strPath].subshtmls[i];
if (fileName != 'index.html' && fileName != 'highlighted.html') {
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The reason the + operator you tried to use didn't work, is that it would concatenate two strings and then compare them with the value. So:
if (fsStructure[strPath].subshtmls[i] != 'index.html' + 'highlighted.html'){

has same effect as:
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text:
Omarosa Manigault dismisses reports of dramatic firing
By Vanessa Williams
Reporter on the National desk.
This post has been updated.
Omarosa Manigault said Thursday that she was not fired and escorted off the White House grounds, blaming "one individual who has a personal vendetta against me" for the dramatic narrative of her departure as one of Trump's top aides.
In her first comments since the White House confirmed that she was leaving, Manigault said during an interview on ABC's "Good Morning America" that her decision to leave came after she sat down for a candid conversation with Chief of Staff John F. Kelly and shared her concerns about the job and the administration. Her resignation from her job as director of communications for the office of the public liaison is effective Jan. 20.
Manigault told host Michael Strahan that as "the only African American woman in this White House senior staff, I have seen things that have made me uncomfortable, that have upset me and affected me deeply and emotionally and affected my people and my community." She said that when she is able to share her thoughts and experiences of working in the Trump administration, it will be "a profound story that everyone will want to hear."
Manigault, who earned the top-level staff annual salary of $179,700, was, along with Housing and Urban Development Secretary Ben Carson, one of two black officials among Trump's more than three dozen Cabinet members and senior staffers.
At the end of a Thursday photo-op event at the White House related to deregulation, Trump was asked by a reporter to respond to the news of Manigault's departure. "I like Omarosa," he replied. "Omarosa's a good person."
White House press secretary Sarah Huckabee Sanders declined to offer more details on the aide's departure at her daily briefing, including a question about why she would continue to be paid by taxpayers despite having resigned Tuesday. Huckabee Sanders said Manigault was expected to be at the White House on Thursday afternoon, even though the Secret Service said in a tweet on Wednesday it had deactivated her security badge. Manigault said during her "Good Morning America" interview that her access had been restricted, but not totally cut off.
[Omarosa Manigault's departure highlights lack of diversity in Trump White House]
Omarosa Manigault, was, along with Housing and Urban Development Secretary Ben Carson, one of two black officials among President Trump's more than three dozen Cabinet members and senior staffers. (Jabin Botsford/The Washington Post)
She has had a close friendship with Trump for more than a decade, dating back to when she became the breakout star in the first season of "The Apprentice." She was a tough competitor with sharp elbows, but in the end was "fired" in the first season. But she became a favorite of Trump, who invited her to participate in subsequent iterations of the show. When Trump launched his presidential campaign, she was one of few African Americans to campaign for him. She fiercely defended him against charges of racism and sexism, saying she owed her careers in entertainment and business to him.
"Thank you Omarosa for your service! I wish you continued success," Trump tweeted late Wednesday.
A White House official told The Washington Post that Kelly had grown frustrated with Manigault's abrasive and attention-seeking style, which included a personal wedding photo shoot in the West Wing in the spring. Kelly, a retired Marine Corps general, has sought to impose more discipline among White House staffers and limit their communications with the president.
Manigault said in Thursday's interview that she had "more access than most people" to the president, which rankled some of her colleagues. "People had problems with our 14-year relationship," she said.
She pushed back against reports that she and Kelly had a blow up at a holiday event, saying they were "100 percent false." Furthermore, she said, if there had been such a fight "where are the pictures or videos?" She did not offer, nor was she asked, the name of the person who she said was spreading the story about her being physically removed from the White House.
"The assertion that I would do that in front of 600 guests at a Christmas party . . . I have to tell you are completely false," she said. Instead she said, she and Kelly sat down in the situation room and had "a very straightforward discussion about concerns that I've had and issues that I've raised and as a result I resigned."
Manigault's supporters suggested she had grown increasingly frustrated with the administration's handling of issues concerning race. Trump has sparked outrage with his responses to the white supremacist rally in Charlottesville and NFL players' national anthem protests. Acting in an ill-defined capacity, Manigault struggled to make a connection with African American constituencies to support Trump's agenda and chafed at criticism that she had sold out her integrity for a White House job.
Armstrong Williams, a businessman and a longtime friend, said Manigault had told him that she was troubled by Trump's endorsement of Roy Moore, the Republican candidate in the U.S. Senate race in Alabama, who had a history of racially insensitive remarks and because of allegations against him of sexual improprieties with teenage girls.
When Strahan asked her about such concerns, Manigault demurred, explaining that because she doesn't leave her job until Jan. 20 she had to be "careful" about what she can say publicly.
David Nakamura and Josh Dawsey contributed to this report.

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Interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) for late-life depression in general practice: uptake and satisfaction by patients, therapists and physicians
Digna JF van Schaik1,2,
Harm WJ van Marwijk2,
Aartjan TF Beekman1,
Marten de Haan2 &
Richard van Dyck1
Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT) is recommended in most depression treatment guidelines and proved to be a suitable treatment for elderly depressed patients. Despite the favorable results of IPT in research populations, the dissemination to general practice is surprisingly limited. Little is known about uptake and satisfaction when this therapy is introduced into real-life general practice.
Motivation and evaluation of patients, GPs and therapists were recorded and organizational barriers described alongside a randomized controlled trial. IPT, given by mental health workers, was compared with usual general practitioner (GP) care. Included were patients (≥55 years) who met the DSM-IV criteria for major depressive disorder.
Patients were motivated for the psychotherapy intervention: of the 205 eligible patients, 143 (70%) entered the study, and of the 69 patients who were offered IPT, 77% complied with the treatment. IPT proved to be an attractive therapy for patients as well as for therapists from mental health organizations. General practitioners evaluated the intervention positively afterwards, mainly because of the time-limited and structured approach. Organizational barriers: no IPT therapists were available; an IPT trainer and supervisor had to be trained and training materials had to be developed and translated. Additionally, there was a lack of office space in some general practices; for therapists from private practices it was not feasible to participate because of financial reasons. IPT was superior to usual care in patients with moderate to severe depression.
As we succeeded in delivering IPT in primary care practice, and as IPT was superior to usual care, there are grounds to support the implementation of IPT for depressed elderly patients within general practice, as long as the practices have room for the therapists and financial barriers can be overcome. Consolidation may be achieved by making this intervention available through practice nurses or community psychiatric nurses who deliver IPT as part of a more comprehensive depression management program.
Depression among elderly primary care patients is common. Of the older patients who visit a primary care clinic 5–10% has a depressive disorder [1, 2]. Depression causes suffering and is associated with serious disability, reduced quality of life and general functioning. The course of depression is often chronic or recurrent [3, 4]. Delivering effective treatments is of major importance for this group of patients.
Antidepressant drugs and some forms of psychotherapy are both considered to be evidence based therapies, as they were effective in older secondary care patients [5]. Some forms of psychotherapy have also proved to be effective in midlife primary care patients [6], but research on older primary care populations is limited [7]. Recently, it has been demonstrated that depression treatment for elderly primary care patients is effective, when a collaborative care model is used in which the primary care physician is supported by a mental health worker in carrying out guideline-driven depression care, including optimal drug therapy, intensively monitoring of drug use, and when indicated, delivering easily accessible evidence based forms of psychotherapy such as IPT or Problem Solving Therapy [8, 9]. However, it has consistently been found that the majority of depressed elderly patients in primary care are likely to pass undiagnosed and untreated, with negative mental and physical health consequences [10]. If depression treatment is started, usually antidepressants are offered as first choice treatment. Psychotherapy may be indicated for patients who do not benefit from antidepressant drug treatment or who are sensitive to side-effects, but evidence based psychotherapy is mostly not available in primary care, and referrals to secondary care are frequently not completed by older patients [11]. Apparently, evidence based psychotherapies have not found their way to general practice.
Interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) seems to be a suitable form of psychotherapy to be delivered to older primary care patients. Its efficacy has been proved [12], and it has been studied both in older patients [13] and in mid life primary care patients [14]. Furthermore, therapists with different therapeutic backgrounds can learn this therapy relatively easily [15]. To explore the implementation potential of IPT, it is important to study uptake and satisfaction when this therapy is introduced into general practice.
In this paper we describe motivation and evaluation of patients, GPs and therapists as well as organizational barriers to introducing IPT for depressed elderly patients into general practice. We recorded these data while conducting a randomized controlled trial, because these data are only interesting when it has been demonstrated that the intervention is effective. This was not yet the case for IPT in elderly depressed primary care patients. In our effectiveness trial, IPT provided by mental health workers was compared with care as usual provided by the general practitioner (GP). The effectiveness results of our study have been detailed in a separate paper [16]. At the end of this paper we integrate the effectiveness results with the findings described in the current paper and discuss whether there are grounds to support the dissemination of IPT for elderly patients in real-life general practice.
The study was conducted in 12 general practices in Amsterdam and surroundings, based on a protocol approved by the Medical Ethics Review Committee of the VU University Medical Center in Amsterdam.
The patients were recruited by means of a two-stage screening procedure. Our research assistant visited the general practices about once a month to collect names and addresses from the computerized databases of the GPs, of patients of 55 years or older, who had visited the practice in that last month. These patients were sent a letter on behalf of their general practitioner, in which they were asked to fill in a screening questionnaire, the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale, GDS-15 [17], and return it to our research center. Patients, who scored 5 or more on the GDS-15, were contacted by telephone by one of the research assistants and were invited to participate in the diagnostic procedure. The diagnostic instrument used to assess depressive disorder was the mood module of the PRIMary care Evaluation of Mental Disorders, PRIME-MD [18]. Exclusion criteria were: receiving treatment for depression at the time of screening, insufficient command of the Dutch language or severe cognitive impairment (MMSE < 18). Those who signed informed consent were randomly allocated to IPT or CAU. An independent research assistant performed randomization per practice at the patient level by using a table of random numbers.
Therapists and general practitioners
General practitioners cannot deliver IPT themselves because this therapy is very time-consuming and not part of GPs vocational background. In the Netherlands as in many other countries, general practitioners often collaborate with psychologists and counselors from private practices or with psychiatric nurses and psychologists from the regional organizations for mental health care. For practical reasons we chose to approach the organizations for mental health care as a starting point, because they often have networks of general practitioners with whom they collaborate (which facilitated the recruitment of GPs), and we assumed that they were able to make enough therapists available for the project (which made training and supervision of therapists, who are working in one organization, more efficient). For this same last reason, we also approached group private practices for psychotherapy.
One of the project members (DvS) was trained as an IPT trainer and supervisor. We used the Comprehensive Guide to IPT and additional literature on IPT for the elderly as a basis for developing training materials in Dutch [15, 19, 20]. Training in standardized IPT was given in a 2-day course, followed by group supervision sessions (four therapists per group) every two weeks during participation in the trial.
IPT is a structured, time-limited therapy for depression. In the initial phase of the treatment the depressive symptoms are explored and psycho-education about depression is given. The interpersonal context of the patient is explored and the depressive symptoms are linked to recent interpersonal events. There are four possible treatment focuses to be distinguished: complicated grief, interpersonal conflict, role-transition and interpersonal deficit. One of these focuses is chosen. The nature of this specific interpersonal event is explored and accompanying emotions are clarified. The patient is supported in considering and working out possible solutions. It is assumed that once the patient has gained mastery over one problem area this effect will generalize to other areas. During the last sessions, the therapy is evaluated, and attention is paid to the prevention of relapses.
For use in general practice the number of IPT sessions was reduced from the usual 12 to 10. The structure of the IPT we delivered was identical to the original protocol; only the number of sessions in the treatment phase was reduced. We assumed that with this smaller number of sessions dropout would be less likely. We also assumed that a less intense type of treatment would be sufficient, because of the usually less severe nature of major depressive disorders in general practice [21]. The aim was to complete the therapy within five months.
Uptake and satisfaction
Data concerning the recruitment of patients, therapists and GPs were collected. The therapists recorded the number of IPT sessions that were completed, dropout rates and dropout reasons. Additionally, all participants evaluated the intervention. At six months follow-up, patients were asked to evaluate the intervention by means of the 8-item Client Satisfaction Questionnaire (CSQ, of this measure the mean item score is usually presented, ranging from 1 to 4 [22]). At the end of the project, the therapists and the participating GPs were sent a questionnaire containing specific and open-ended questions about the intervention. Furthermore, organizational barriers and facilitating factors were recorded during the project by the researcher, research assistants and therapists.
Motivation of the participants
The GDS-15 was presented to 6.719 patients. Of them, 4.143 patients (62%) could be fully screened (GDS-15 and PRIME-MD if the GDS-15 score was ≥5). Of the 205 eligible patients with current major depression, 143 (70%) gave informed consent and therefore had a positive or at least neutral attitude towards IPT. The research population consisted of the 69 patients who were allocated to the IPT condition. Table 1 presents the characteristics of these patients. To assess depression severity we used the Montgomery Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS, range 0–60, higher scores indicate higher severity of depression. The mean score of 19.4 means that on average patients had mild depressive symptoms. [23]) The mean number of treatment sessions was eight. Of the 69 patients who were offered the therapy, one failed to initiate and 47 (68%) completed 10 sessions. Six patients (9%) terminated the therapy earlier while the therapist agreed that they did not need to continue any longer. Thus, at least 77% of the patients were compliant with the therapy. Other reasons for dropout were: somatic diseases (4), organic brain syndrome (1), death (1), long-time stay in other part of the country (2), no motivation (5), and reason not clear (3).
Table 1 Basic characteristics of patients allocated to the IPT intervention
Managers of four specialist mental health centers contacted general practices that were part of their network. Practices that could be reached within half an hour from the office of the mental health workers or psychotherapists were contacted by telephone and invited to participate. Of the 18 general (mostly group) practices that were approached, six refused. Lack of available office space for the therapists was mentioned as the main barrier. One GP objected to the screening procedure and one saw no need for this intervention.
Private psychotherapy practices, specialist mental health centers and mental health workers
The two psychologists' private practices that were approached, were interested in IPT, but could not join the project, because it was not feasible for them to travel to the general practice to deliver the psychotherapy. Specialist mental health centers were motivated to provide therapists for the project, because transfer of expertise from specialized care settings to the primary care setting has high priority in Dutch health policy. In addition, in the Dutch system, these centers have a duty for outreaching care and have the possibility for remuneration of travel expenses, while private practices have not. Four centers provided therapists. The geriatric teams of these organizations received training in IPT, and it turned out that the majority of therapists were interested in joining the research project. Nine psychiatric nurses and six psychologists participated in the study. Of these therapists 10 were female. Their mean age was 47 yrs (SD 7.8). All therapists had worked for more than five years in mental health care, and 13 had two or more years of experience in working with elderly patients. Of the psychologists, one had a psychodynamic background; four were trained in cognitive behavioral therapy, and one in family therapy. The psychiatric nurses had not been trained before in a specific psychotherapeutic approach. Supervision was provided at the workplace of the therapists and was well attended.
Evaluation of the intervention
Patient satisfaction was measured by means of the CSQ-8, which was completed by 54/69 patients. The mean item score on this scale was 3.0 (SD 0.6), which represents a positive evaluation.
All of the 22 GPs, who had one or more of their patients treated with IPT, returned the evaluation questionnaire. The questionnaire started with two open ended questions ("What were positive/negative aspects of delivering IPT transmurally to depressed elderly patients within you practice?") The following positive aspects were mentioned more than once: 11 GPs gave positive comments regarding the IPT intervention as such (time-limited, practical, patient-friendly and structured); nine mentioned the easy access of the intervention; four GPs mentioned that they felt supported in the depression care for the elderly by this intervention. Negative comments that were mentioned more than once: three GPs mentioned that they had had hardly any contact with the therapist; two GPs thought that screening was not the right way to select patients, but that referral should be done by the GPs; two GPs found the intervention time-consuming. On a specific question about the usefulness of delivering IPT within the practice, all but one of the GPs thought that this intervention lowered the barrier to providing adequate care for a group of elderly patients, who do not want to be referred to specialist mental health facilities. In the last question GPs were asked whether they would use this intervention if it would be available after the end of the research project (yes/no). Again, all but one was positive.
The participating therapists were positive about working within the general practice. Most of them were used to doing outreaching work, and the visits to the GP could be integrated well into their schedule. Of the 15 therapists, 11 reported that they occasionally needed extra time and flexibility to find office space, and one found this a very unpleasant complication. Therapists were positive about the structure and strategies provided by the IPT protocol. The focus 'role transition' was chosen in 60% of the cases. The main subject of this focus was the transition from being a healthy person to a person who is restricted by physical disabilities. Role dispute with an important other was the treatment focus in 22% of the cases. Grief and interpersonal deficit were chosen less often. In patients with mild depression it was difficult to discuss the depressive symptoms as part of a depressive illness, as is described in the original IPT protocol. In an early stage of the project, it became clear that this approach was not suitable for these patients, because they did not recognize themselves in the description of having a depressive illness. The therapists were also convinced that speaking about an illness was inappropriate for these patients. Therefore, the therapists linked the interpersonal problems to the complaints of the patients instead of to a depressive disorder.
Effectiveness of the IPT intervention in our trial
The effectiveness data are described in a separate paper [16], but we will summarize them here, because findings regarding uptake and satisfaction are only relevant when an intervention has proved to be effective. All patients who entered the study had a DSM-IV diagnosis of major depressive disorder according to the PRIME-MD. There was no difference between the intervention and control group regarding baseline sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. In the IPT group, 51% of the patients had no diagnosis of depression at six months follow-up, compared with 34% in the control group (X2 [df]= = 4.21[1]; p = 0.04). In a post hoc analysis, we stratified the sample in patients who had a mild depression at baseline and in patients who had a moderate to severe depression (MADRS cut off score 21). In the group with moderate to severe depression 54% of the patients in the IPT group had no diagnosis of depression anymore at six months, compared with 26% in the control group (X2 [df]= = 4.75[1]; p = 0.03). In the group of patients with mild depression these percentages were 49% and 40% respectively (X2 [df]= = 0.63[1]; p = 0.43).
In this paper we explored uptake and satisfaction when IPT was introduced for depressed elderly patients in general practice. Some issues are generic and have to be overcome before any psychotherapy intervention can be delivered within general practice, others are specific to IPT. With regard to organizational barriers to providing evidence based psychotherapy within general practice: Mental health organizations joined the project, because the transfer of expertise from specialized care to the primary care setting has high priority in Dutch health policy. In the Netherlands, the distances from the secondary care offices to the general practices can be relatively easily overcome, and in the majority of the general practices office space can be arranged for the mental health workers. General practitioners felt supported by the mental health workers in the treatment of the depressed elderly. With regard to IPT: Although there were no trained IPT therapists available, it was feasible to organize IPT training and supervision. Mental health organizations were willing to give their therapists time to be trained in IPT, because they wanted to support the dissemination of this short term, evidence based form of psychotherapy within their organization. IPT proved to be an attractive therapy for the older patients in real-life practice and for the therapists. General practitioners were positive about the structured and clear approach of IPT.
IPT was superior to usual care in patients with moderate to severe depression, not in patients with mild depression. Our screening procedure, using the PRIME-MD as the primary measure to diagnose major depression, yielded many patients with only mild symptoms (57%). To select patients for the intervention, we concluded that a measure to assess depression severity should be added. When delivered only to patients with moderate to severe depression, the number of sessions should most probably be increased as Shapiro et al. have found that patients presenting with severe depression improved substantially more after 16 than after 8 sessions of IPT [24]. The overall effectiveness of the depression treatment can of course be improved when patients can choose or switch between interventions, and combination therapies can be given, as is done successfully in several collaborative care depression management programs [8, 9].
Comparison with other studies introducing IPT in primary care
In three other studies IPT was delivered in primary care settings. [8, 14, 25]. The recruitment procedures and the target populations differed (regarding age range), which makes it difficult to compare for instance the motivation for IPT. With regard to dropout rates: In the study of Schulberg 50% dropped out in the acute phase, in the PROSPECT study this percentage was 38% compared with 32% in our study. Browne defined adherence as attending 80% of the sessions offered. According to this definition 20% dropped out, compared to 26% in our study, when we use this same definition. Thus, the dropout rates in our study were relatively low, but the proposed number of sessions was also lower than those in the other studies (10 instead of 12 to 16). In the three studies mentioned no information is given about how the therapists were recruited and how they evaluated IPT. No data about possible organizational barriers and facilitating factors were given.
1. Our findings apply to the situation in the effectiveness trial. Although our trial was carried out in practices that were not affiliated with our university center, and findings were therefore more generalizable than those from efficacy trials, long-term feasibility outside the context of a trial, still needs to be studied.
2. It can be argued that we may not have included a representative group of general practitioners. Indeed, most of the general practices already collaborated intensively with the mental health organizations, and therefore probably had higher than average affinity with mental health problems. However, our findings give an indication that at least a substantial percentage of GPs is interested in this intervention and that, once on board, they evaluate it positively.
3. The way we measured patients' attitudes towards the intervention can be criticized. We conclude that patients were motivated because of the relatively high percentage of eligible patients that wanted to participate and complied with the therapy, and because of the scores on the client satisfaction questionnaire (CSQ-8). Yet, this questionnaire gives only a global impression of how the intervention was received, no specific information regarding the IPT protocol. Moreover, the mean score of the intervention group gives limited information, because we could not compare this mean score with a valuable reference score (as this is unknown for this target population). Furthermore, we were not able to compare the scores of the intervention group with that of the usual care group, because the majority of the patients in the control condition did not receive any depression treatment at all and consequently, did not complete the CSQ.
4. The percentage of eligible patients who were motivated for the intervention (70%) cannot be generalized as such to all older primary care patients, because we were not able to screen the whole target population. Probably, the percentage of refusals would be higher among the depressed non-completers of the screening procedure. Additionally, our population was primarily from (sub)urban regions. In a survey of McKeon, living in a city was positively associated with a preference for psychotherapy [26]. Thus, the estimate of 70% is probably too high, but notwithstanding that we can conclude that from the perspective of many older patients in general practice, IPT is a welcome treatment option.
5. Some findings may not be generalizable to other countries. Patients did not have to pay for their therapy. Therefore, we do not know to what extent financial barriers may influence uptake in real life practice in countries with a different financial organization of the health service. Training and supervision in IPT may also be more difficult to organize in other countries, but there is an excellent treatment manual available that recently has been updated [15]. Moreover, there is an International Society for IPT, which shares knowledge and experiences in IPT research, training and supervision [28].
We conclude that there are grounds to support the implementation of IPT for depressed elderly patients within general practice, as long as the practices have room for the therapists and financial barriers can be overcome. In the Netherlands, there is an ongoing development of general practitioners being supported by psychiatric nurses in mental health tasks. IPT fits well in the tool-kit of these nurses. This implies that an important gap in the depression care for older patients can be filled. For patients who prefer psychotherapy [27] or who do not benefit from antidepressant drug treatment (alone), IPT is an attractive evidence based treatment alternative, especially when it is delivered selectively. IPT was more effective in moderate to severe depression, and should be reserved for this group of patients. Consolidation may be achieved by making this intervention available through practice nurses or community psychiatric nurses who deliver IPT as part of a more comprehensive depression management program.
Future research should focus on the fine-tuning of the intervention (e.g. optimal number of sessions, comparing IPT with Problem Solving Treatment) and on the feasibility of long-term implementation.
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ISIPT: International Society for Interpersonal Psychotherapy. [http://www.interpersonalpsychotherapy.org]
The Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development (ZONmw) funded this study, project number 1360.0005 (97-10-009).
GGZ Buitenamstel and Department of Psychiatry, Institute for Research in Extramural Medicine (EMGO), VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Digna JF van Schaik, Aartjan TF Beekman & Richard van Dyck
Department of General Practice, Institute for Research in Extramural Medicine (EMGO), VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Digna JF van Schaik, Harm WJ van Marwijk & Marten de Haan
Digna JF van Schaik
Harm WJ van Marwijk
Aartjan TF Beekman
Marten de Haan
Richard van Dyck
Correspondence to Digna JF van Schaik.
DvS, HvM and AB have made substantial contributions to the conception and design of the study and to interpretation of the data. MdH and RvD have been involved in interpretation of the data and in drafting the manuscript and revising it critically.
van Schaik, D.J., van Marwijk, H.W., Beekman, A.T. et al. Interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) for late-life depression in general practice: uptake and satisfaction by patients, therapists and physicians. BMC Fam Pract 8, 52 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2296-8-52
Primary Care Patient
Mental Health Worker


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Biodiversity Cambodia (KHM)
Marine 486 106 No
Freshwater 470 71 No 215 Kottelat, M. and T. Whitten, 1996
Total 935 146 No
Ref. Kailola, P.J., 1990
Conservation War has disrupted the environment and all aspects of life in Cambodia, which once had extensive valuable forests and important wetlands. About 75 per cent of its wildlife habitat has been lost, mainly due to deforestation. Logging activities throughout the country and strip mining for gems in the western region along the border with Thailand are also causing a decline in biodiversity. Many of the mangrove swamps crucial to the country's fisheries and wildlife have been destroyed. A checklist (Kottelat 1985) with 215 species and a recent FAO Field Guide (Rainboth, in press) with 124 species are available. The following information is to be sought: - Existence of conservation plans; - Current major threats to species; - Future potential threats to species; - Contact(s) for further information.
Geography and Climate Cambodia's terrain is dominated by a large, low-lying alluvial plain that occupies most of the central part of the country. An undulating plateau region lies east of the plain. On the southwest, mountain ranges fringe the plain; the Chuor Phnum Krâvanh forms a physical barrier along the country's coast. To the north is the Chuor Phnum Dângrêk range. Cambodia has a tropical monsoon climate, with the average annual temperature about 27°C. The rainy season extends from mid-April to mid-October. The average annual rainfall is about 1,400 millimeters on the central plains, about 3,800 millimeters in mountain regions, and about 5,080 millimeters along the coast.
Ref. Microsoft, 1996
Hydrography The Mekong flows from north to south through Cambodia. Tonle Sap (Great Lake) covers an area of about 2,600 square kilometers in the dry season, but as much as 10,400 square kilometers in the rainy season. The outlet of Tonle Sap is a river of the same name that flows south into the Mekong during the dry season. The floodwaters of the Mekong back into the Tonle Sap during the rainy season, inundating the central region of the country. Freshwater sites of exceptional biodiversity interest are Tonle Sap and the rapids between Khône Falls and Sambor.
Ref. Kottelat, M. and T. Whitten, 1996
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Home Fun 10 More Video Games That Are Great For Gay Gamers
10 More Video Games That Are Great For Gay Gamers
Ready, Player One?
From The Sims to Dragon Age: Inquisition, video games have come a long way in terms of LGBT representation—it almost feels weird when a game doesn't have a queer character.
Still, it's important to spotlight games that do diversity right. Here are ten recent games gaymers should definitely check out.
Overwatch has quite the diverse cast—including out lesbian Tracer, whose girlfriend was introduced in a tie-in comic book. Blizzard Entertainment promises she's not the game's only LGBT character, but so far we're still waiting.
Fire Emblem Fates
This 2016 release was the first in the Fire Emblem series to offer a same-sex marriage option. Previously, players could only marry characters of the opposite sex (and have children) if they bonded closely through conversation. Fire Emblem Fates will feature an A+ ranking for characters of the same sex who form a strong bond forged in battle.
But players hoping to form a male-male union will have to purchase the "Conquest" edition of the game, while those who want a lesbian pairing will have to buy the "Birthright" edition.
Fullbright's 2013 release, Gone Home, told the story of a teenage girl in rural Oregon learning about her sexuality and coming out to unaccepting parents. The company's followup release, Tacoma, follows salvager Amy Ferrier as she tries to discover what has befallen the crew of an abandoned space station, several of whom are queer.
While Fallout 3 featured gay couples among non-playable characters, the fourth installment allows players to pursue a romance with companions, even if they're of the same sex. (The game automatically makes your late spouse of the opposite sex, though.)
The Fallout series has a special place in the history of gay games: Back in 1998, it was the first major release to feature same-sex marriage, thanks to a farmer who forced users into a shotgun wedding after you spent a night with his daughter—or son.
Mortal Kombat games are legendary for gruesome finishing moves that allow you to burn opponents alive, disembowel them, or even rip out their spine. But in Mortal Kombat X we meet the franchise's first gay "kombatant," Kung Jin, a thief-turned-monk who is also a member of a Special Forces Unit and an expert archer.
Read Only Memories
Released for Playstation 4 in 2017, Read Only Memories was created by Matt Conn, who co-created GaymerX. It's full of queer characters, and players can even pick which pronouns they want to be addressed by.
Life is Strange: Before the Storm
This episodic graphic adventure is a sequel to 2015's Life is Strange , which introduced us to reunited childhood friend friends Max and Chloe. Max had the power to rewind time and, depending on player choices, the two girls could have a romantic relationship.
Out August 31, Before the Storm is set three years before the first game, and focuses on Chloe's unlikely friendship with popular girl Rachel Amber. Details are still sparse but its likely it will contain LGBT content.
One of the game's main protagonists, Jacob Frye, is a bad-ass bisexual assassin. There's also a side character, Ned, who is a trans man.
Andromeda includes two pansexual squad members, a lesbian doctor, and a gay engineer. It also offers two side character who are bisexual. A patch update in June allows main character Scott Ryder to pursue Jaal, a male squad mate and member of the Angara race.
Dream Daddy (2017)
Dream Daddy is only available for PCs and Macs, but this "interactive novel" is one of the hottest games on Steam this summer. And why not? You get to chose from among a bevy of foxy fathers—Teacher Dad, Goth Dad, Bad Dad—and users can customize their "Daddy," selecting everything from body type to facial hair.
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