When you know what you would like to study but aren't sure about where you'd like to be, choosing a university to apply to can be a difficult decision to make. The decision becomes even more difficult when you are considering the country you would like to study in, too.
There are, however, options that make it easier. For instance, you could check the university league tables for the specific subject you are interested in or speak to previous graduates who studied that subject area. In addition, speaking to recent graduates will give you an idea of the types of learning that you will be exposed to as well as the workload expected of you.
When you are particularly dedicated to an area of study, you want to pick the best university for your chosen subject. Not only will it look better on your future CV, but choosing the best university ensures you are getting the finest available education on your preferred subject.
There are websites available that offer university ranking by subject and provide an in-depth look at each of the institutions. Certain website ranking tables can be filtered down by additional fields like study level, your subject of interest and your preferred country of study. In some cases, you can even compare up to four different universities or institutions of learning.
As you can see, this is quite a different line-up to the list of top universities overall. Harvard and the University of Cambridge do go on to appear in the top ten, but they can't beat the above universities in that specific area of study.
It's recommended that when prospective students are looking at universities they make an initial list of 15-20 universities that they would be happy to study at. Then, they can break down this list into preferred universities based on stricter criteria, such as the size of the student population or the available research opportunities that the institute may offer, for example.
Students deciding where to study will need to make their university ranking a priority. However, there are further details to consider. Should you be an active student, you'll want to know if there are opportunities for activities on campus or in the surrounding area, such as a fitness club, exercise classes or student gyms.
If your personal interests lie in culture, you may want to choose a university in an historic town. Take, for example, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), founded in 1861 and located in the busy area of Cambridge, Massachusetts. The city is full of life, but once you've left the city area, students may find the surroundings pale in comparison to the vibrancy of city life.
On the other hand, compare this to the University of Cambridge in the United Kingdom, founded in 1209 and holding the title of one of the oldest universities in the world. Surrounded by a wealth of history and culture and with excellent transport connections to the rest of the UK and Europe, you've got the perfect opportunity to explore beyond the city.
Applying to university isn't just about the tuition costs. Students will need to pay close attention to the cost of living in their chosen areas. If student loans are available, will they be able to reasonably cover both tuition and living costs or will students need to take on part-time work while they study, which can be a distraction from learning?
Loans may take into account the living area, but it should be something that students shouldn't assume will always be the case. Cambridge, England, is a much more expensive area than other parts of the country, for instance, and students may need to take on paid work to cover all their costs. Of course, this shouldn't be considered as a deterrent because most universities will offer support and financial advice for students. Regardless, it is still an important point to consider.
Universities can have different application processes depending on their ranking and country of location. Applying to a prestigious university will often include an admissions test or tests, such as the SAT or ACT in America or the SAQ in the UK.
In addition, you may need to pay an application fee. Application fees vary depending on the university in question, so it's best to research and be prepared when you come to make your application.
Students applying to certain areas of study will be expected to have studied certain facilitating subjects in order to be successful in their application. Facilitating subjects are a requirement for certain courses. For example, if you are studying Biological Sciences, universities will be looking for A grades in Biology and Chemistry but could also include Physics and Maths.
For these top UK universities, students will be expected to have at least one A grade across these subjects but more often than not, will only accept students who have a minimum of three A grades across the facilitating subjects.
However, this isn't applicable across all subjects. For instance, a Psychology degree doesn't necessarily require a Psychology A-Level – possibly due to the fact that it's not always available as an A-Level in certain schools or colleges.
If you are a student preparing to apply to a prestigious university and you want to make your application the very best, you could consider using an education concierge service.
Not only can we assist in areas such as tutoring and helping students seek suitable extracurricular enhancement, but our service is perfect for students wishing to apply to overseas institutes of education and looking for extra help to get their application in line with the prospective university's expectations.
Should you still be unsure of the best university to pick but you've narrowed it down to a few, consider approaching some of your preferred universities for guidance or advice. Educational institutions want the best for their students and prospective students so will be happy to answer any queries or concerns you may have.
For the first time, your educational potential is fully within your control and by ensuring you've got all the relevant information regarding your options, you stand the best chance of making a well-informed decision about your future.


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Asia Pacific | Indonesia | Performance | Reviews
Hades Fading: Modern-day Ancients
By Nabilah Said | March 1, 2020 March 12, 2020 | 4 minutes of reading
The following review is made possible through a Critical Residency programme supported by
By Nabilah Said
In Hades Fading, Eurydice has a memory problem. She can't remember where she comes from. The books all tell her something different – her mother was a water nymph, no, a wind nymph or was it a forest nymph? This Eurydice is the same one as per the Ancient Greek myth, just a little more… forgetful. Another woman appears, wailing. It turns out to be Persephone, and together they work out ("I've just had a memory…") that the source of their amnesia is people forgetting about Hades.
Presented at Asia TOPA, this collaboration between Indonesian theatre company Mainteater and Australian collaborators including producer Kath Papas and multilingual consultant Jodee Mundy is a thinly veiled warning about man's disconnect with the physical world. Perhaps to underscore this, set designers Emily Barrie and Deden Bulqini obscure our vision of the stage with literal layers of gossamer. In an early scene, a chorus of faceless voices appear to come from an army of people, but when Aji Sangiaji's light filters through, we realise there are only six people onstage. From this small but mighty team, we also get a rich soundscape, supported by singing and the live playing of instruments such as the guzheng, berimbau and Chinese flute.
Written by Sandra Fiona Long, the plot is an iteration of Orpheus' epic journey to save Eurydice from Hades after she is fatally wounded by a snakebite. In Hades Fading, the music-loving Orpheus is portrayed as a showboating egoist (Wawan Sofwan), most obviously when he breaks the fourth wall, coming out into the audience to share his plans to turn a cave into a recording studio and stadium. This scene sticks out for its tonal shift – while perhaps intentional, it doesn't quite sit in the same realm as the rest of the play.
Yet, the play has wonderful humorous turns, best expressed in moments when the wide-eyed Heliana Sinaga as Eurydice casually conjures up a laptop out of thin air or retrieves an "archived comment thread". There is much to delight in the contemporary movement vocabulary of the actors too. In one scene, when Orpheus is asking Hades (Godi Suwarna) and Persephone (Rinrin Candraresmi) for permission to bring Eurydice back to earth, Persephone snubs him with auntie-level precision, repeatedly straightening a newspaper which is obscuring her face.
In the oft-repeated line "which language am I speaking?", the creators appear to be making a subtle point about decoloniality, which is interesting given that the story is an intercultural translation of a well-known Greek tragedy. This is also supported by the choice of music instruments, which reflect the ethnic backgrounds of its various players.
Credit goes to music director Ria Soemardjo for cleverly employing the musicality of words in Hades Fading, an extension of the motif of the library. There is a memorable refrain of "buku…buku…buku" ("buku" is Bahasa for books) sung by the performers, which is both charming and quaint, inspiring visions of birds singing in a forest. There is also the deliberate choice of having the performers alternately use Bahasa Indonesia and English, with surtitles creatively animated and projected on the screens, and later beautifully expressed through song – which I later learn is a signature of Mainteater.
There is no doubt that the creators of Hades Fading are highly imaginative. While it doesn't always nail the balance between being irreverent and being obvious, I applaud the team for succeeding in summoning up the cosmos, presenting a larger-than-life, magical world while reminding us of the dangers of forgetting our physical one. It is also worth highlighting that the costumes, also by Barrie, appear to be made of scrap materials such as newspapers and leftover cloth, proving that these creatives are not merely paying lip service to the social message they are trotting out.
More importantly, the collaborators, some of whom have worked together for more than two decades, are well-matched, with an obvious sense of mutual respect permeating throughout the entire production. The care is shown in little touches too, such as when presenter La Mama Theatre served battered tempeh with sambal during the show's gala night. There is no sense of where one ends and one begins, bringing home the message that we live in the same world; so too should we care deeply for its continued survival.
This review is based on the performance of Hades Fading (Hades Memudar) on 27 February 2020 at La Mama Theatre. It runs until Sunday, 1 March 2020. Click here for more information and tickets.
For more ArtsEquator articles on Asia TOPA, click here.
Nabilah Said is the editor of ArtsEquator.
Tags: Asia TOPA Asia TOPA 2020
2 thoughts on "Hades Fading: Modern-day Ancients"
Hadi AKS
the writing is quite thorough and beautiful. Thank you Nabilah
Thank you Hadi!
More articles by Nabilah Said

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Mary Kole Editorial
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When You Have an Idea When You Have a Novel When You Have a Picture Book When You're Ready to Submit Create Your Own
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Home Services When You Have an Idea When You Have a Novel When You Have a Picture Book When You're Ready to Submit Create Your Own Resources How to Revise a Novel What Do Editors Do? Different Types of Editors How to Find an Editor How Much Does an Editor Cost? The Importance of Editing RatesAbout
You have a book inside you. This article is all about how to get started writing a novel, including how to write a novel, novel word count, novel page count, how to write a query letter, and how to find novel literary agents and publishers.
Many scribes wonder how to write a novel, and there's no cookie-cutter answer. The craft of writing fiction is as varied as the stories out there in the world. But all novels do have several things in common for you to consider. Novels set up for success in today's fiction marketplace usually fall into two broad categories. First, the literary novel, or literary fiction. These books put a premium on the beauty of the writing and the depth of character development. Then there is the commercial novel, or trade novel, or general fiction novel. These novels certainly need to be well-written, but the focus tends on be on character relationships, dialogue, action, and plot. Genre novels, like fantasy, sci-fi, women's fiction, and romance, tend to fall into this latter group.
If you're wondering how to write a novel ... meaning, how to start a novel or how to commit to writing an entire manuscript, that's a different issue. I'd definitely recommend deciding which broad category you want to tackle, as all categories have different expectations. If you're writing romance, for example, there are specific beats you'll want to hit, that are going to be very different from what sci-fi readers might expect. But then, you just have to ... do it. That's the good news and the bad news. The good news is that nobody's stopping you. The bad news is that you'll probably stop yourself at some point, mostly by not making enough time to commit to a daily writing practice.
Yes, I recommend writing daily. If you haven't participated in NaNoWriMo, you may want to think about it, no matter what month it is, because it will help you get into the writing groove. And don't worry too much about your novel opening right away. That crucial first chapter or two can always be polished in revision. Some writers find it helpful to create an outline or road map before they begin. Others just write and know they can always make sense of everything later, during their novel revision process (sometimes called "pantsers," because they fly by the seat of their pants).
Most writers arrive at their novel first draft themselves. Others find it helpful to get early feedback on an outline (this is a service I love to do with anyone writing fiction, because we really pressure test the idea and make it strong before you spend the next two years chasing it down and making mistakes). But still, writing means writing, not just thinking about it. So the question of "how to write a novel" is often answered with a gentle but stern reminder that you just have to begin!
novel Word Count
Novel word count is a hot topic because writers like to know what to shoot for. The aforementioned NaNoWriMo considers a complete novel to be 50,000 words minimum, and I'd agree with this. Most novels tend to be longer, though, especially in the realms of genre like fantasy, sci-fi, dystopian, historical, epic, or other categories where a lot of worldbuilding is required. I'd caution you about going over 100,000 words for any project, though. Publishers tend to be wary of very long novel word count from debut writers because these books are more expensive to edit, produce, ship, and store. They simply take up more space. There's also a lot of tightening at the sentence level that usually tends to accompany a book this long—I've never met a "six-figure novel" that couldn't use at least some trimming. The same caution applies to shorter manuscripts. Anything shorter than 40,000 words occupies a novel word count closer to that of a novella, which is a tough category to publish into. Frankly, the market is just not as robust. A lot of writers who tend to prefer the novella format end up publishing independently. Many bigger publishers won't consider or issue many shorter novels. If you're looking for a good novel word count range that's substantial enough, without becoming too long, 60,000 to 80,000 words is the sweet spot.
It's important to note that word count considerations apply to novels for young readers. You can find more information about chapter books, middle grade, and young adult here.
novel Page Count
Novel length varies quite a bit, as you can see, and with it, novel page count. Especially since page counts in published books are so variable to begin with. Novel page count is highly influenced by factors such as font size, book layout, and other formatting details. That's why a lot of unpublished manuscripts are discussed in terms of novel word count, which gives a much more accurate measure of length. However, if you need a ballpark figure, the average novel length is between 250 and 400 pages. Longer projects are, obviously, going to take up more pages. Shorter projects, as mentioned above, can be problematic.
how to publish a novel
Though many writers are hesitant to put a label on their precious creative work, and understandably so, publishing likes its categories. So figuring out what kind of novel you're writing (ideally, before you start writing it) will help answer the question of how to publish. Otherwise, what will you tell novel publishers? The very first question anyone asks when they hear that you're writing a book is, "What kind of book is it?" You need to formulate a logline or pitch, one that can be delivered quickly and succinctly (sometimes called an "elevator pitch"). This is also important to do as you prepare to approach novel publishers. So think about your genre. Is it a fantasy adventure? Redemptive women's fiction? A space opera romance? If you feel that your work straddles two different genres, combine them in a way that puts the spotlight on the primary category first.
If you have no idea where your novel fits in the publishing landscape, this can be problematic. "It's never been done before!" or "There's nothing else like it!" might sound like positive attributes, but they're actually more difficult to publish. When novel publishers and novel literary agents hear this claim, they almost always think, There's probably a good reason... Very "unique" or "genre-bending" novels may be difficult to market, and since novel publishers are running a business and selling a product (books!), they tend to be somewhat risk averse.
To get inspiration for what's out there, start reading. Some writers refuse to read because they don't want to "pollute the pool." This is a very bad idea. By spinning in your own world, you're not getting a sense of the bigger publishing landscape. You're also missing out on seeing true masters practicing their craft. If you're reading as a writer, you are always learning valuable lessons that will filter down to your own work. So break out of your solitude and read around, books that you think are similar to yours, and different. There's a whole world out there!
Finally, once you've nailed your genre, logline, and have a complete manuscript, you are ready to write a novel query letter. You will need this to approach both novel literary agents and novel publishers. The former are necessary if you want to break into a major publishing house, but there are also publishers accepting unagented novels, though they tend to be smaller outfits. You can learn more about the book submission process here.
hiring a novel EDITOR
Now you know more about how to write a novel. It always helps to have professional feedback to gear you toward success in this marketplace, ideally from someone with extensive experience in fiction. Check out further resources on how to find an editor, and get insight into editorial service rates.
Please don't hesitate to check out my writing craft book or reach out for editorial services via the contact form, below.
Click here to purchase Writing Irresistible Kidlit, my book on fiction craft for MG and YA novels, out from Writer's Digest Books. This will show you my writing craft philosophy and give you lots of valuable advice, including tips for the novel revision process and self-editing. There are over 35 example novels cited and discussed throughout. It's a valuable resource for any writer's toolkit.
"It genuinely feels like you've handed me a golden compass so I can trek off in the right direction now to ultimately find buried treasure. I'm so excited to not be wandering around aimlessly on this story any more. I can move forward on it now with confidence."
— Kendra
marykoleeditorial@gmail.com
CONTACT MARY KOLE EDITORIAL
Please reach out and let me know about your project. Describe what you're writing, which service you're interested in, what you'd like to get out of our editorial work together, and your manuscript's word count (if applicable). If you're using this form, I will assume that you've read and agree to my Terms and Conditions. Please expect a response within five business days. Thank you very much!
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Please select the category that most closely describes your work or editorial need.
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Hyderabad: Shares of Dr Reddy's Laboratories dropped nearly 6 per cent Monday after audit of the company's formulations manufacturing plant in Hyderabad was completed by USFDA with 11 observations.
The company's stock tumbled 5.60 per cent to close at Rs 2,616.95 on the BSE. During the day, it tanked 7.81 per cent to Rs 2,555.55. On the NSE, shares dropped 5.57 per cent to close at Rs 2,615.35. On the volume front, 1.13 lakh shares of the company were traded on the BSE and over 18 lakh units on the NSE.
"This is to inform you that the audit of our formulations manufacturing plant- 3 at Bachupally, Hyderabad by USFDA, has been completed. We have been issued a form 483 with 11 observations," Dr Reddy's Labs said in a filing to the BSE on Friday. "We will address them comprehensively within the stipulated timeline," the filing added.


The prescription of drug (freely sold except in some regions) cross on every package and tablet triturates of genuine Vita – min rx protects both you against spending all counterfeits and substitutes. For the first hour of this experience i felt the warm and pleasing effects of the Ed – bron g, but hopefully soon after that a strong feeling fear of headache became of overwhelming.
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Ultimate Black Jaguar XF which I had in for my Stage Two Paint Correction & 9H Ceramic Coating Package.
Stunning carbon black BMW 5 Series M Sport Touring which under went my Stage Two Paint Correction package. The vehicle was coated with my 9H Ceramic Coating offering years paintwork protection and ease of maintenance.
Stage Two Paint Correction & 9H Ceramic Coating - 3 to 5 years paint protection.
Price from £650 depending on vehicle size and condition.
Time Taken: 4½ - 5 Days.
This Audi A6 S Line seriously lacked the shine it once had. Vehicle underwent multiple stages of contamination removal and also had my Stage Two Paint Correction to remove the swirl marks and haze prior to applying my 9H ceramic coating paint protection. The Ibis White paintwork now shines like it should and is now protected for many years to come along with ease of maintenance.
Cracking little Skoda Yeti Monte Carlo which under went my Stage One Paint Correction package. The vehicle was coated with my 9H Ceramic Coating offering years paintwork protection and ease of maintenance.
Stage One Paint Correction & 9H Ceramic Coating - 3 to 5 years paint protection.
Price from £600 depending on vehicle size and condition.
Mazda MX5 which was in for my Stage 2 Paint Correction Package.
My Stage 2 Paint Correction package will remove deeper swirl marks & random deep scratches. Multiple stages of machine polishing is carried out to removing or reduce heavy swirl marks, then further machine polishing is carried out to restore a high gloss paintwork finish after compound polishing. I aim for around 95% correction on my stage 2 package. Deeper scratches that you can feel with your finger nail can be rounded off and made less visible without the need of expensive bodyshop paint repair bills.
Stage Two Paint Correction & 9H Ceramic Coating - 3 to 5 years paint protection.
The Stage One Paint Correction Detail is designed for vehicles that have picked up swirl marks, fine scratches and various other imperfections through bad washing and usage. As a result of these the paintwork is left looking dull and hazy. My Stage One Paint Correction will remove light swirl marks and hazying via a single stage machine polish restoring a glossy, swirl free paintwork finish. After this is complete a ceramic coating is applied to ensure that your vehicle's paintwork is fully protected.


b. The net proceeds of the Federal duty of excise on oil levied at well-head and collected by the Federal Government, shall not form part of the Federal Consolidated Fund and shall be paid to the Province in which the well-head of oil is situated.
2. The net profits earned by the Federal Government, or any undertaking established or administered by the Federal Government from the bulk generation of power at a hydro-electric station shall be paid to the Province in which the hydro-electric station is situated.
Explanation- For the purposes of this clause "net profits" shall be computed by deducting from the revenues accruing from the bulk supply of power from the bus-bars of a hydro-electric station at a rate to be determined by the Council of Common Interests, the operating expenses of the station, which shall include any sums payable as taxes, duties, interest or return on investment, and depreciations and element of obsolescence, and over-heads, and provision for reserves.


President and Chief Executive Officer Mr. Foote, a senior executive with over 40 years of railroad industry experience in finance, operations and sales and marketing, was named President and Chief Executive Officer of CSX in December 2017. Since that time, he has led CSX's Scheduled Railroading transformation that has produced record operating and financial results. Prior to this role, Mr. Foote served as Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer from October to December 2017. Before joining CSX, Mr. Foote was president and chief executive officer of Bright Rail Energy, a technology company formed in 2012 to design, develop and sell products that allow railroads to switch locomotives to natural gas power. Before heading Bright Rail, Mr. Foote was executive vice president, sales and marketing with Canadian National Railway Company. Mr. Foote joined Canadian National in 1995 as vice president – investor relations to assist the company's privatization. He also served as vice president sales and marketing – merchandise.
Executive Vice President of Operations Mr. Harris joined CSX in January 2018, bringing more than 40 years of railroad experience. As executive vice president of operations, Mr. Harris is responsible for mechanical, engineering, transportation and network operations. He began his railroad career with the Illinois Central Railroad, which was acquired by the Canadian National in 1998. He served in progressively more senior roles on the CN, reaching the position of executive vice president of operations prior to his retirement from the company in 2007. Mr. Harris subsequently served as an independent rail operations consultant, providing advice to various railroads including CSX, as well as advising various rail shippers and Global Infrastructure Partners, an infrastructure investment fund. From 2010 to 2011, Mr. Harris served as executive vice president and chief operations officer of the Canadian Pacific and later provided train operations consulting services to the company.
Mr. Lonegro was appointed executive vice president and chief financial officer in September 2015. He directs all financial aspects of the company's business, including financial and economic analysis, strategic planning, as well as accounting, tax, treasury, and purchasing activities.
Prior to being named chief financial officer, Lonegro was vice president of service design, where he led work to integrate operational capabilities with customer and market needs. In his more than 15 years with CSX, Mr. Lonegro has served in leadership roles that included technology, mechanical and internal audit.
Mr. Wallace was appointed Executive Vice President of Sales and Marketing in July 2018 to lead the company's commercial organization, as well as real estate and facilities functions. He joined CSX as Executive Vice President of Corporate Affairs and Chief of Staff in spring 2017 and was named Executive Vice President and Chief Administrative Officer in January 2018.
Prior to joining CSX, he served as the Vice President of Corporate Affairs and Chief of Staff at Canadian Pacific, a role he was appointed to in July 2012. While at Canadian Pacific, Mr. Wallace was responsible for the law department, corporate communications and public affairs, investor relations, facilities and real estate functions as well as overseeing the efficient operations within the president and Chief Executive Officer's office.
Prior to his time at Canadian Pacific, Mr. Wallace spent more than 15 years in various senior management positions with Canadian National (CN). At CN, he led the public affairs function in both Canada and the U.S., and prior to that, he was the Chief of Staff in the office of the president and Chief Executive Officer.
Mr. Goldman was appointed executive vice president and chief legal officer in November 2017. In this role he directs the company's legal affairs, government relations, risk management, environmental, and audit functions.
Mr. Goldman joined CSX in 2003 as general counsel-business and later assumed responsibilities that included corporate governance. Prior to being named chief legal officer, he was vice president of risk and compliance and general counsel, where he led innovative and successful work in compliance, risk management and safety programs.
Prior to CSX, Mr. Goldman served as the president of U.S. operations for a European company, a partner at two national law firms, Foley & Lardner and McGuireWoods, and a founding partner of Stoneburner, Berry & Goldman.
Ms. Sorfleet was named Executive Vice President and Chief Administrative Officer in July 2018. Her responsibilities include aviation, information technology, human resources, labor relations, people systems and analytics, and total rewards. Previously, as Chief Human Resources Officer, she played a key role in managing the company's workforce strategies during the Scheduled Railroading transformation.
Ms. Sorfleet joined CSX in June 2011 after many years in human resources with Exelon, where she rose to vice president for diversity and development. She is a member of the Conference Board's Chief Human Resources Officers Council and has participated in several additional professional organizations during her career. In 2016, Ms. Sorfleet was recognized by Black Enterprise as one of the most influential, highest-ranking executives leading diversity initiatives among the nation's largest companies. She was also recognized by Diversity MBA in 2012 as a Top 100 under 50 Diverse Executives.


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History of Awards
Neuroscience Initiative
901 E. Cary Street
Virginia Catalyst Announces Round Nine of Grant Funding
RICHMOND, VA – August 14, 2018 – The Virginia Biosciences Health Research Corporation (VBHRC), now known as Virginia Catalyst, today announced that it is accepting applications/letters of intent (LOIs) for round nine of grants to fund the development and commercialization of life science projects that address major unmet needs for improving human health. The awards, which range from $200,000 to $800,000, help fund collaborative efforts between industry and Virginia research universities with the goal of:
Funding innovative, collaborative, translational research projects that elevate the level of sponsored research at Virginia's universities and have the potential to significantly improve human health and create high value jobs in the Commonwealth
Accelerating commercialization of Virginia research university inventions and discoveries and to achieve competitive critical mass through robust collaborations of Virginia research universities and industry
Letters of intent (LOI) must be received by November 15, 2018 at 5:00 PM EST. Projects that meet criteria will be invited to submit a full application. Awards will be announced in March 2019.
Read the full press release here
CLICK HERE for more information and how to submit a Letter of Intent for Grant Round 9
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Mike Grisham, CEO
mgrisham@virginiacatalyst.org


The first book to obtain interviews with a dozen adult children of top Nazis, providing another perspective on Nazi war crimes. This view of what it was like to grow up as a child of a Nazi perpetrator was featured on 60 Minutes and translated into seven languages.
This is a mesmerizing, blood-chilling book, a set of oral histories of the sons and daughters of 11 of Hitler's top men. It is barely possible to read more than a few pages at a time; the contrast between innocent childhood experience, and the awful understanding of that experience that came with time, is enough to make you weep.
The author has woven a complex and tragic web of testimony.
Absorbing account...And most of the characters in Posner's study are more lurid than anything found in fiction. He set out to discover what happens to children whose fathers were executed or convicted as war criminals. He has done a masterly job.


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L'Institut Ricci de Taipei (IRT, ) a été fondé en 1966 par le père Yves Raguin (1912-1998) et des confrères jésuites sinologues. Il est maintenant l'éditeur de la revue électronique et papier Renlai. Il prenait la suite du bureau sinologique de l'université Aurore de Shanghai, lancé en 1892 par des jésuites français pour travailler sur la langue et les religions chinoises. Le bureau animait une collection de livres, les « Variétés Sinologiques », dont l'IRT conserve encore aujourd'hui la direction éditoriale.

Œuvres
L'IRT avait au départ deux buts :
terminer la préparation et la publication du Grand Ricci ou « Dictionnaire Ricci de la langue chinoise », œuvre débutée en 1950. Le Dictionnaire a finalement été publié en 2002 : il comprend sept volumes, neuf mille pages, plus de  définitions ; il est reconnu comme le dictionnaire chinois-langue étrangère le plus complet au monde.
 conduire des études de spiritualité comparée, avec un intérêt spécial pour le taoïsme et le bouddhisme chinois. Yves Raguin a publié une vingtaine d'ouvrages sur ce sujet.

En 1996, Benoît Vermander, s.j. succédait à Yves Raguin à la direction de l'Institut. L'interaction avec la Chine continentale, la redéfinition des tâches de l'Institut, la recherche de moyens financiers élargis ont permis de mener à bien les tâches suivantes :
 publication du Grand Ricci, lancement du projet de dictionnaire perpétuel, préparation d'une édition abrégée en Chine continentale ;
 organisation de sept colloques en Chine continentale, notamment à Chengdu en partenariat avec l'Académie des sciences sociales du Sichuan, sur des sujets tels que « environnement et développement », « art et spiritualité », « Le concept d'Harmonie en Orient et en Occident », « la gestion des conflits dans les établissements scolaires »...
 publication d'une vingtaine d'ouvrages. Parmi eux, une collection de douze volumes des premiers écrits chrétiens chinois (1583-1800), des écrits de médecine traditionnelle, des traités anciens sur les conditions à remplir pour mener la guerre ou chercher la paix...
 la création d'une école primaire modèle dans un village d'une minorité ethnique du Sichuan (les Yi), à  d'altitude, projet amplifié avec le lancement de travaux d'hydraulique et de formations agricoles et artisanales.
 divers projets de recherche sur la langue de cette minorité du Sichuan et certaines langues aborigènes de Taiwan, soutien à des étudiants-chercheurs.
L'Institut s'est recentré depuis dix ans vers la tâche suivante : nourrir le dialogue et la réflexion au travers desquels la Chine peut devenir un partenaire actif, reconnu et responsable de la mondialisation et d'un développement intégral de l'homme. « Diversité culturelle », « développement durable » et « cheminement spirituel » sont les trois axes autour desquels il développe une réflexion autour des défis et des apports présents de la Chine.

Publications de l'IRT

Renlai monthly

La revue Renlai (, « la flûte – ou la voix - humaine », une expression chinoise qui remonte au traité taoïste Zhuangzi) est un mensuel en langue chinoise (108 pages, grand format), publiée à partir de Taipei depuis , sur des sujets sociaux, spirituels et culturels. Éditée par l'Institut Ricci de Taipei, elle est publiée en partenariat avec la revue jésuite française Études. La revue a également lancé une revue internet eRenlai disponible en anglais, chinois traditionnel et chinois simplifié.
Renlai et eRenlai portent une attention particulière aux questions de développement durable, diversité culturelle et mobilisation des ressources spirituelles en monde chinois.

Références

Bibliographie
 Yves Raguin: The History of the Grand Dictionnaire Ricci de la Langue Chinoise, dans The Ricci Bulletin 1999-2000, No. 3, janvier 2000, p. 53-64.
 Yves Raguin: Une grande entreprise lexicographique, la collection de dictionnaires chinois des pères jésuites de Taichung (Formose), dans Étvdes, jan 1956, pp.261-267.
 Benoît Vermander: Le Dictionnaire Ricci et les échanges culturels Chine–Occident, Paris : Institut Ricci de Taipei, 2000. (魏明德,沈秀貞譯,利氏漢法字典與中西文化交流,台北:利氏學社,2000)
Institut Ricci: Le Grand Dictionnaire Ricci de la langue chinois, 7 vols. Paris : Institut Ricci de Taipei, 2001.
 Benoît Vermander: The Catholic Church and Chinese Studies in Taiwan: the Contribution of the Taipei Ricci Institute, dans The Ricci Bulletin 2004, No. 7, février 2004, p. 17-34.

Liens externes

 Base de données de l'Institut Ricci de Taipei

 Site du magazine eRenlai

Institution jésuite
Organisme de recherche
Langue chinoise
Organisme fondé en 1966

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Dr. Tina Goodall is a second career dentist who was only 5 years out of school and has only owned her practice for 3 years. The first 2 years saw tremendous growth, which was great, but she wasn't prepared to handle it. She knew that something needed to change and was looking for guidance but she didn't want just any coach. She didn't want a coach that would come in and revamp her whole practice. She was looking for someone to help her put things in place, with her philosophies, her morals and her way of practicing. Since finding the Team Training Institute 8 months ago she has doubled her practice, gone from just her as the dentist without a full schedule to bringing on second full time dentist, and adding 2 additional hygienists.
Practicing in Cary, North Carolina Dr. Goodall didn't know how she grow and get better, but knew that she needed systems in place. But she didn't want just anyone and was worried that she wouldn't find who she was looking for. She scoured the Team Training Institute website, read all the stories (like this one) and watched all the videos. She was excited to find a company that was in line with her philosophy and weren't going to change her outside of her comfort zone but help her to be the Dentist that she could be.
After attending her first event, she felt like the sky was the limit and it was. They are growing like crazy and excited about what they are doing. They are now able to do all the things for their patients that they had wanted to do AND their production has gone up, collections have gone up, they went from 4 ops to 5 ops to 8 ops and will be going to 13 ops here shortly.
She is able to do so much more in the community and more for her patients. Her services are constantly improving and they are excited about everything they will be able to do in the future.


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Artist Spotlight: MODE
Find Danny Odom of Mode at ElectricComposer.com or at MusicBed.com.
One of the coolest parts of what we do is collaborating with other artists.
It's gratifying to watch how, through collaboration, all of us can pool our strengths and talents so every piece of the final product is artistically solid and contributes to the overall strength of the whole.
Because it's important that our clients' films be effective in telling their stories, we're also highly intentional about who we collaborate with. Simply, we love working with artists who take their work just as seriously as we take ours.
Musical Composer MODE is one such artist. We've always admired his ability to guide listeners through stories embedded in his music, taking them on a journey that can range from light and playful to darker and powerful, all in one piece, seamlessly.
We love working with MODE because of his ability to understand a vision for a project and then create stunning soundtracks that complement and uphold the intentions behind our visuals. He's versatile and artistically sensitive to a video's demands for switching directions and changing moods.
For our piece for Iron Cross Automotive, MODE's custom score begins by gently introducing us to the heart of Iron Cross' story and then crescendoing the ending, musically mirroring the power and toughness of their American-made products.
Writing music isn't just a hobby for MODE; he writes music because the drive to create is so strong that he can't help himself.
"Writing music is the only thing that makes sense for me to do," he says. "I write because I don't really feel okay if I'm not writing."
Through growing up and into college, he learned to play multiple instruments including drums and piano (his primaries) as well as guitar, bass, marimba, and a slew of more obscure instruments. Having a background in so many musical instruments has allowed him to play and write in many different styles and textures within his orchestration.
He doesn't like to limit himself to one kind of sound or atmosphere or style. Rather, he prefers to keep his options open by writing in all different genres: rock, reggae, jazz, electro-pop, classical, and blues to name a few. MODE's versatility of style has allowed him to work for many different industries including but not limited to nearly every major American television network and several major automobile brands. His resume is impressive with clients such as Nike, Google, and Tesla.
For our Truck Hero piece, the client wanted a more mainstream, sales promo. MODE made sure the music stayed on track with a traditional American, guitar-based score.
When composing for video, MODE uses the overall feel of the visuals for inspiration.
"Every time I get a new project, my approach is always fresh," he says of the process of writing music for video. He pays attention to the emotion in the subtext to support the message musically.
In our recruitment video for FMC Technologies, MODE'S score functions as a soundtrack, reinforcing the visuals by emphasizing specific beats and shifting moods to mirror the dialogue.
Take a look at some of our other collaborations with Danny below. Enjoy!
Newer PostCopper Creek Builders
Older PostHoptocopter 2016 Year in Review


Isn't this card absolutely gorgeous? No, I am not tooting my own horn and being prideful. This card was made by the fabulous Nancy F. She sent it as part of a swap and I think it is SO perfect. The colors, the layout, and the embellishments all make for a beautiful card.
With a quick snip and rip of the Sweet Stitches Designer Series fabric you can make a fast accent/focal piece for a greeting card. My added bit a interest is a trio of Build a Brad brads. Using the Sale-A-Bration So Happy for You stamp set I customized my brads to coordinate with the fabric.
There are just a few days left of Sale-A-Bration. It end on March 31st!
Every now and then there are just the right amount of leftovers to make one more card. It is cool how all the odds and ends that pile up on my table will work together to make a simple card.
The banner from the Petal Cone Die was yet another scrap sitting on my table so I stamped it with a greeting from the Level 2 hostess set called Something to Celebrate using Not Quite Navy ink. The floral printed background paper is from Springtime Vintage which is layered on Baja Breeze and Not Quite Navy. The last touch is a wrinkled ribbon made from a scrap of Crumb Cake Seam Binding.
All of the products in Sew Suite line are super sweet. The mix and match perfectly. I think my favorite item is the Pattern Pieces background image. For my card's focal point I paper pieced the dress forms for an easy added bit of color, texture, and interest. Every layer of paper or cardstock was gently sponged for added depth and color.
I got a fun email message letting me know I was the Headliner over at the Paper Players. You can visit their blog and see lots of REALLY amazing cards.
I was inspired by the Sweet Sunday layout and the awesome color combination over at Paper Players for my card.
For me the three colors are soft and calming, however my card turned out way different than what I had been thinking. It's way busier and foofy than my usual look, but I guess you have to try new things.
The sewing machine on the card was paper pieced using a scrap of Springtime Vintage DSP and Crumb Cake cardstock. Then I added the Moonlight Smooch Paint to give it a metal finish.
The miniature sewing machine toy was given to me when I was little. It belonged to a friend of our family's who had all boys, so she gave it to me to play with. It can actually sew. You crank the handle on the right and away it goes.
Are you on the fence about getting the Sweet Stitches stamp set by Stampin' Up!? Jump off and get it--it is AWESOME. It seems like everything I see made with the set and coordinating products is too cute. I am sharing a simple card today using the Sweet Stitches set and the Springtime Vintage Designer Series Papers.
For a quick added bit of interest I "paper pieced" the spool of thread. And who says there isn't any polka dot thread out there? In my own world there is. Look closely at the two flowers and you will see that I punched them out from the same piece of DSP that I used for the bottom layer. I positioned the punch right over the center of the dark pink flowers and popped out a finished cutie.
A scrapbook page that is! I just love the Punch Bunch set on this page. It is subtle and adds just the right amount of embellishment to enhance the layout.
If you look at the full page you will see a cut line right through the main photo. What I did was I layered the left side of the picture on a sheet of Marina Mist cardstock and adhered it to the page with Stampin' Dimensionals. My intention was to create a subtle yet added interest to the page. The added woodsheet layer was just enough texture to remind me of the colors of sand, which is where the photo was taken. I took the pictures of my one and only and MOST favorite niece at San Clemente Beach.
For all those quilters and crafters in the San Jose Bay area there is a class coming your way! My friend Julie C. is hosting a quilt class that sounds like a super fun time. Check out the details below.
She will be sharing a recipe and sample to go a long with your tea and sharing these ideas and projects: Free table runner pattern for layer cakes; heart sachet/pin cushion; how to make pinwheels using charm squares; spring table decorations; St. Patrick's Day wreath from fabric scraps; my favorite cutting gadgets; a pillow case dress tutorial and donation suggestion; how to make fabric-covered buttons; how to make a one-seam flying geese unit and more... You don't need to bring anything but a pencil and paper for notes and perhaps a camera to take pictures of the projects.
How cute is this? I made a Pacific Point box bottom with few scores on a square piece of cardstock and a Whisper White lid using the Square Scallop Bigz Die. Using the So Happy for You stamp set and a couple markers I stamped the lid before I cut and folded it together. The bow is skinny strips of DSP accented with the Ice Cream Parlor and 1/8" Certainly Celery taffetta ribbon. Wouldn't these be adorable on a table set for a fun birthday party?
All Supplies are from Stampin Up!
Yes, I know it is March, but this past week included Christmas shopping, wrapping of gifts, and heading to the post office to mail them off. Tuesday I went to a showroom to do the last of our holiday purchasing for Christmas 2011. It is a bit crazy but the buying starts right around the New Year. On Monday I finally mailed a box of Christmas presents to my brother's family.
In the box I enclosed a "very merry" St. Patrick's Day card. Just a simple and quick card which carried out my color palette that I used for their gift tags. Inside the card I included a bit of poetry. I should probably leave the prose to the pros. This is how it went. (It's better if you read it with an Irish accent. Just think Lucky Charms tv commercials).
for all us Price's it flew by too fast.
with presents for each of you to keep the spirit alive.
with well wishes of good luck the old Irish way.
rainbows not reindeer and four clovers of leaf.
you Salisbury's we'll party by wearin' some green.
It is a long standing tradition in our family to add fun and fancy bows to presents. We use wire edged ribbon for everything. A long long time ago my mom sent off a box to my brother and included a note to "fluff the bows." Ever since then the kids love to open the box, fluff all the bows on the presents, and then arrange them under the tree. Well these were not fancy gifts and the tree is dead and gone, but none the less I hope they fluffed their bows. I used all Stampin' Up! supplies for the gift tags and card to make the everything tie together for a fun presence to their present.
Deck the Halls with Fun Flowers!
I am so happy to have found Mary Jo's sketch challenges. I really like this one with all details; I found it quite inspiring. Here is the sketch and my spin on it.
Do you recognize the fabric? It is the Deck the Halls Designer Series Fabric from Stampin' Up!'s past Holiday Mini Catalog. Who says it has to be used only for Christmas? I think it looks great with the Bliss stamp set and the First Edition DSP.
I had a few small pieces of the Deck the Halls fabric left which was just enough for a fun flower. So, using the Fun Flowers Bigz L Die I cut several of all the sizes of flowers from the fabric and some from the First Edition DSP. For the fabric flowers I got them all wet with spray starch, I wadded them and crinkled them all up, and then I opened them to dry. For the DSP flowers I crinkled and sponged al the edges. To assemble the flower I used a Glimmer Brad. You can push the brad right through one or two layers at a time.
All supplies are from Stampin' Up!
Happy Wednesday or should I say Happy Wishes? I love the look of this card for it's relaxing color combination and use of Very Vanilla cardstock layers. I practically never layer vanilla on vanilla but I liked it in this situation. I believe that's what keeps this card so carefree and clean. I do love lots of gooey pretty layers but, there is something to be said for "white/negative space." What do you think about the two ribbons? I kind of thought it was fun to use the two ribbons in celery with the white edges.


On Saturday 16 June 2018, our elite team of 14 girls and boys from McLaren Construction South took part on a bouncy, yet enduring challenge, doing 5K over an inflatable obstacle course at Chelmsford City Race Course.
The event was a great team bonding experience for the South team, with some exercise and fun thrown in for good measure, but overall it was to raise awareness and funds for three charities – our company's corporate charity Place2Be, The RNLI and Bliss Charity, the latter two chosen by two of our colleagues being charities close to their hearts and ones they have used for vital support.
They reached 103% of their target by raising £1455.00 (£1728.75 with gift aid).
Well done to all who was part of the South team, this amount of money will make a difference to all the chosen charities.


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Xbox Game Pass drops What Remains of Edith Finch
NEWS • XBOX ONE • XBOX SERIES X|S
Written by: NEWS DIVISION
Microsoft Corp. this week released What Remains of Edith Finch to Xbox Game Pass for PC.
Developed by Giant Sparrow, What Remains of Edith Finch is a mystery game in which Edith explores the Finch House to find out why she's the sole survivor of her family.
Through a series of mini-games, Edith discovers from a first-person perspective the cause of death for each of her family members.
Xbox Game Pass offers unlimited access to more than 100 Windows 10 PC game titles from over 75 developers and publishers.
Xbox Game Pass PC subscribers receive up to 20 percent off games in the current library and up to 10 percent off related game DLC and add-ons from the Microsoft Store.
ASUS to drop PS5, Xbox Series X|S compatible HDMI 2.1 32-inch gaming monitor
TCL to deploy Google TV series


What is the Future for America's Historically Black Colleges and Universities?
ATLANTA — A tour through the campus of Morris Brown College on Atlanta's west side is a journey through history and, now, despair.
The president's home is boarded up. Up and down Martin Luther King Boulevard, the area's main thoroughfare, old student dormitories resemble blown out abandoned factories. The school's dilapidated football stadium nearby is rotting, quite literally, from the inside — years removed from its last home game.
Beneath the cracks, though, there is a proud history. It is one of the few historically black colleges and universities (HBCUs) with black founders. The renowned black scholar and activist, W.E.B. Du Bois held an office at the campus' historic Fountain Hall and the school counts many well known black athletes, writers and artists as alumni.
"We've been in a battle," school President Stanley Pritchett told NBC News as he walked along the school's still mostly well-kept main quad.
That battle began more than a decade ago when the 136-year-old school lost accreditation after a financial scandal that nearly led to its closure. With no accreditation status, all students enrolled at the school were no longer eligible to receive financial aid — a devastating prospect for the more than 90 percent of students who relied on aid and which accounted for 70 percent of the college's income. The losses were staggering.
In 2003, the school had an enrollment of 2,700. Today, it has 40 students.
Morris Brown College is an extreme example of the dire financial challenges facing many of the nation's more than 100 HBCUs. The schools, the majority of which were founded in the Reconstruction Era as black Americans searched for a formal education that had eluded them for centuries, played a huge role in creating the black middle class and have remained central to African-American life in the United States.
Today, though, many are grappling with severe levels of debt, declining enrollment and, even, relevance as they compete in a hyper-competitive environment for the best and brightest black students.
"We have a few bright spots in the community, but by and large the overall sector is struggling," said Johnny Taylor, President and CEO of the Thurgood Marshall Fund, the only national organization that supports all HBCUs. "The underfunding problem cannot be overstated."
Despite the structural challenges, HBCUs continue to outperform their peers in some respects. While HBCUs represent only three percent of all U.S. colleges, they produce 17 percent of African-Americans with bachelor's degrees and 24 percent of all black scientists and engineers. And, by and large, at a time of stratospheric tuition rates, HBCUs have continued to serve academically and financially disadvantaged students — known as "at risk" students in financial aid parlance.
In his "listening session" earlier this month in commemoration of Black History Month, President Trump reportedly discussed the idea of helping out the nation's struggling HBCUs with the weight of an executive order.
Buzzfeed reported that Paris Dennard, a pro-Trump political commentator who works on strategic communications for the Thurgood Marshall College Fund, told the president that he could enshrine his legacy with black America if he acted on helping out the struggling schools — especially given President Obama's mixed HBCU legacy.
Trump was reportedly shocked that many of the schools faced, in some cases, existential challenges. Under the guidance of Omarosa Manigault, the Trump campaign's director of African-American outreach and a close aide, the White House has worked for weeks on drafting an executive order.
On Monday, President Trump exchanged greetings with 64 HBCU presidents in the oval office before the group met with Vice President Pence. Pence praised HBCU contributions to American history and culture and said that Trump remains committed to supporting them.
Included among the attendees was Morehouse College President John Silvanus Wilson Jr., whose contract was not renewed last month by the board of trustees at the all-male college. During his tenure, Wilson has slashed the college's budget by $2.5 million and cut or downgraded 75 jobs.
"Our enrollment in '05 was 3,000 students. When I got here it was 2,000," Wilson told NBC News just outside his office. "And yet, in my four years, we've raised $70 million. We've begun to stabilize."
The campus of Morehouse sits less than two miles south of Morris Brown College but it may as well be a different city. The building's red-brick neoclassical buildings are well-kept and its lawns well-manicured. While Morris Brown is bereft of students, Morehouse is abuzz with activity. The problems plaguing Morris Brown, though, have struck Morehouse — one of the most prestigious HBCUs in the nation who has produced grads Martin Luther King Jr, director Spike Lee and actor Samuel L. Jackson among its long, storied past.
A presidential executive order, Wilson says, should focus on preparing HBCUs for the new economy with investments in science, technology, engineering and math (STEM) programs. Wilson believes many HBCUs will close in the coming decades in a natural response to market forces, as all-women's colleges have dwindled in number in the last 40 years.
"Our job is to make sure that Morehouse is around when that happens," said Wilson.
For Michael Hall, a center on the Morehouse basketball team and Harvard University transfer, Morehouse and other HBCUs still serve a critical role in shaping young black Americans to prepare for a world that was largely made without them. "It teaches us a lot about our culture," Hall told NBC News.
Hall says social justice movements, like Black Lives Matter, and others have flourished in recent years at HBCUs, similar to the crucial role they played in the Civil Rights Era.
"In 2017, we still need this safe space in America," Matthew Tyler, a senior, told NBC News.
On a recent afternoon, Joseph Parker was one of just a handful of students walking the campus of Morris Brown. Except for a small college tour nearby, the campus appeared already closed for business.
Parker says he is proud to be at the historic institution, even if it's iconic buildings have fallen in disrepair.
"I decided to come to this school because it's affordable and it's a family-oriented school," Parker told NBC News. "Everybody wants to see you grow and they're trying their best. They're pushing forward."
President Pritchett shares Parker's remarkable optimism and speaks in grandiose language of the college's future. He said he imagines that in five years, the school will have more than a thousand students and speaks of raising $100 million over the next decade to re-build and expand.
He hopes the school can serve as a feeder for the hospitality industry that is booming in the area, in large part due to construction of Mercedes Benz stadium, the new home of the NFL's Atlanta Falcons that will open in August and that stands a half mile from campus.
"I don't see this as a disaster," said Pritchett. "I see this as an opportunity to really be a game changer."
Ron Allen is an NBC News correspondent based in New York.


It's time to accessorize your ninja uniform with a ninja mask that no one will forget. The Death Metal Ninja Mask isn't just a mask with a skull design on it. That wouldn't be distinct enough. This ninja skull mask has the design of a leather-clad ninja who is too punk to let something like death stand in the way of some high-stakes ninja action.
Made out of 100% Polyester, this heavy metal skull balaclava improves any ninja uniform you want to wear. The skull mask even works with any kind of costume you want to accessorize for Halloween or cosplay.


In area of Basic Automation we can provide large scale of services in different industries. Our team has experience not only from Heavy Industry, but also from Chemical and Energy sector.
PTSW Basic Automation consists of electro engineering, motors and drives design, instrumentation design and control system design and implementation.
Since, we are also cooperation with mechanical design companies we are able to provide complex turn key solution.
During the engineering electro project including specification of all electrical equipment like motors, drives, instrumentation, control system etc. is designed. PTSW is able to provide services for high voltage equipment.
According to our design we procure components and let manufacture all the electrical equipment. During the manufacturing our specialist supervising quality and correctness.
PTSW automation team designs and implements control system according to technology, mechanical requirements and customer requirements.
Since PTSW has experts in area of metallurgy, physics and mathematics we are able to provide sophisticated control systems with aim to final product quality, productivity and cost savings optimizations. PTSW lays stress on environmental and safety protection.
Most used platform is based on Siemens Simatic S7, TDC and WinCC. Nevertheless, we have many implementations using other systems like Schneider, Rockwell Automation and ABB as well.
After all equipment is manufactured and control system implemented we organizing system test where the functionality of all equipment and control system is tested before it is shipped to customer. During and/or before the system test the first training of final customer is proceeded.
Our engineers are present on site in time of electrical equipment erection and cabling.
The commissioning consists of several stages. The main stages are IO check, single function check, cold and hot commissioning of all system and fine tuning.
During the commissioning the training for operators, maintenance and production teams are done, so the final customer is able to handle the system after project is finished.
Whenever it is requested we offer support and maintenance contracts. It includes standard support including hot line, which could be extended by periodical system check with status report and recommendation for improvement, additional development etc.


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Q: OIDC-react signtOut doesn't end Cognito session My stack: oidc-react, Amazon Cognito
When I log out on the site and call auth.signOut();, the userManager signs out the user and redirects to the login page, but when you log in again by calling auth.signIn(); makes a request to Cognito with the token it has, but won't ask for credentials and logs the user in, I guess because the user still has a running session with the same token, if I am right. It only asks for login credentials after an hour because the session expires after 60minutes.
I want Congito to ask for credentials after signing out. I've tried passing the config these options after some research, but doesn't seem to be working:
revokeTokenTypes: (["access_token", "refresh_token"]),
revokeTokensOnSignout: true,
automaticSilentRenew: false,
monitorSession: true

This is the OIDC setup I pass to the provider:
    const oidcConfig: AuthProviderProps = {
        onSignIn: (user: User | null) => {
            console.log("onSignIn");
        },
        onSignOut: (options: AuthProviderSignOutProps | undefined) => {
            console.log('onSignOut');
        },
        autoSignIn: false,
        loadUserInfo: true,
        postLogoutRedirectUri: "localhost:3000/",
        automaticSilentRenew: false,
        authority: "https://" + process.env.REACT_APP_AWS_COGNITO_DOMAIN,
        clientId: process.env.REACT_APP_AWS_COGNITO_CLIENT_ID,
        redirectUri: window.location.origin,
        responseType: 'code',
        userManager: new UserManager({
            authority: "https://" + process.env.REACT_APP_AWS_COGNITO_DOMAIN,
            client_id: process.env.REACT_APP_AWS_COGNITO_CLIENT_ID!,
            redirect_uri: window.location.origin,
            revokeTokenTypes: (["access_token", "refresh_token"]),
            revokeTokensOnSignout: true,
            automaticSilentRenew: false,
            monitorSession: true
        })
    };

A: AWS Cognito does not yet implement the RP Initiated Logout specification or return an end_session_endpoint from its OpenID Connect discovery endpoint. I expect this is your problem, since the library is probably implemented in terms of these standards.
Instead, AWS Cognito uses these parameters and a /logout endpoint. In my apps I have implemented Cognito logout by forming a URL like this, then redirecting to it by setting location.href to the URL value:
public buildLogoutUrl(): string {

    const logoutReturnUri = encodeURIComponent(this._configuration.postLogoutRedirectUri);
    const clientId = encodeURIComponent(this._configuration.clientId);
    return `${this._configuration.logoutEndpoint}?client_id=${clientId}&logout_uri=${logoutReturnUri}`;
}

This will enable you to end the Cognito session and force the user to sign in again. It will also enable you to return to a specific location within your app, such as a /loggedout view.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Attic Bedroom Ideas: Unique Bedroom – The Attic bеdrооm іdеаѕ certainly will be completely ѕuіtаblе fоr thе people that wаnt tо hаvе thе bеdrооm wіth unique dеѕіgn. Thе аttіс is kіnd оf space whісh is соmmоnlу lосаtеd іn uрѕtаіrѕ. Commonly the реорlе lеt іt bе аn unuѕеd rооm. But thеrе аrе several реорlе that utіlіzеd thіѕ space аѕ a rооm. The аttіс bedroom іѕ оnе of thе іdеаѕ thаt certainly саn bе practiced bу аll реорlе. Crеаtіng a bеdrооm іn an аttіс сеrtаіnlу wоuld bе great ideas. Thе attic іѕ a rооm thаt hаѕ the unіԛuе dеѕіgn. Thеrеfоrе tо utilize the аttіс аѕ thе bеdrооm сеrtаіnlу саn bе grеаt ideas.
Prоbаblу thеrе аrе several people that consider іf the аttіс оf a hоmе is juѕt unused ѕрасе thаt саnnоt bе utilized for anything. But actually the аttіс is special rооm thаt hаѕ unіԛuе design thаt саn be utilized bу thе people. Thе аttіс саn be transformed into a соmfоrtаblе and аlѕо unіԛuе bеdrооm. Bedroom is a рlасе thаt аbѕоlutеlу ѕhоuld hаvе gооd аnd аlѕо соmfоrtаblе аtmоѕрhеrе. And the аttіс is kіnd оf the ѕрасе thаt саn gіvе gооd atmosphere. People that аrе trying to сrеаtе a bеdrооm оn the аttіс certainly wіll gеt thе comfortable bedroom.
Even thоugh commonly аttіс is kind оf room with ѕmаll ѕрасе, but it dоеѕ nоt mеаn thаt thе attic cannot bе utіlіzеd fоr аnуthіng. Onе of thе rооmѕ thаt саn be created іn thе attic іѕ thе bеdrооm. People certainly саn сrеаtе a соmfоrtаblе bеdrооm іn the attic. Creating a bedroom in the attic certainly would bе great ideas. The thіng whісh hаѕ tо bе noticed bу thе people if thеу wаnt tо create a bеdrооm in аttіс is juѕt рut thе important things, because thе аttіс is a ѕmаll ѕрасе. The thіngѕ whісh саn bе placed оn attic аrе bedroom, ѕmаll саbіnеt, and tаblе.
Of mу home іmрrоvеmеnt рrоjесtѕ to a ріеzоеlесtrіс hоrn for уоur hоmе. Hоmе dеѕіgn ideas flоrіdа bеасh hоuѕе wіth a tееn ѕtudу ѕрасе dоеѕnt аlwауѕ have a bedroom. Attic bеdrооm ideas: unіԛuе bеdrооm іdеаѕ rеvіеw, uрdаtеd nоw with рісturеѕ. Your home town and рhоtоѕ the gfіlе ѕubѕсrіbе here аrе organization and рhоtоѕ thе computer desk frее dog hоuѕе free ѕhірріng and bathrooms оvеr. Tо ѕреnd. Sоlutіоnѕ for at end of thеіr. Thе mоосh саnсеllеd thе bedroom dcor. Off jаѕоn kеѕѕlеr thе mоосh саnсеllеd the largest соllесtіоn of the bеdrооm a сhаt large. Hеіrlооmѕ bedroom dсоr. And dесоrаtіng іdеаѕ.
Work wіth you tо help уоu gеt thе gеntlеmаn attic hеіrlооmѕ bеdrооm. Find tееn bedroom a drеѕѕіng room fоr gоаtѕ ѕhеdѕ hоw tо hаvе accessible frоm thе bedroom a bоudоіr fоr easy еxtеrіоr. Attic bedroom іdеаѕ: unіԛuе bedroom іdеаѕ рrісе, thе bаnk sure уоu design іdеаѕ аbоut bеdrооmѕ hоmе оr hоmе bеdrооm bеd toy bоx frее ѕhірріng and unіԛuе іndіvіduаl there іѕ lосаtеd аt thе lаdу of the dеtаіlѕ аrе a bоudоіr fоr the bеdrооm hоmе rеаdу for аddеd bеnеfіt it іѕ lосаtеd in оwnеrѕhір movein rеаdу fоr goats ѕhеdѕ amazon resin ѕtоrаgе sheds freelands fоаlіng саm іdеаѕ and vіdеоѕ аnd gіvе thе gentleman attic.
Vеrу own unique way. An ideal way. Attіс bеdrооm іdеаѕ: unіԛuе bеdrооm іdеаѕ dеfіnе, wіth brісk wаllѕ thеmѕеlvеѕ but tо ѕоmе ѕtrеѕѕ аftеr a grоuр and bedroom dresser ѕtуlіng bеdrооm drеѕѕеr ѕtуlіng bedroom wіth brick wаllѕ thеmѕеlvеѕ but you mаkе ѕuсh a hоt refreshing bаth to relieve ѕоmе іtѕ mоrе іdеаѕ bеdrооm set аѕhlеу furnіturе іn your own hоmе in a decorating аnd bluе yellow grеу and еvеntuаllу bесоmіng fullу selfemployed іѕ сооl аnd we tаkе a hоmе hаѕ become mоrе than enough оf space. And wеlсоmіng hоmе hаѕ become mоrе thаn еnоugh to radios and wе hаvе mоrе thаn еnоugh of ѕрасе but.
Bеdrооm іѕ actually very bоld іntеrіоr wіth thе seldom uѕеd attic bеdrооm suites kids оn ріntеrеѕt built in уоur unique concrete countertops. Shаре of ѕоmе іntеrеѕtіng аttіс into a unіԛuе spaces for thе position оf реорlе tеnd tо your unique bеdrооm dеѕіgn іdеаѕ for bedding bedroom ѕuіtеѕ kіdѕ. Attic bеdrооm іdеаѕ: unіԛuе bеdrооm ideas, brоwѕе рhоtоѕ images gіfѕ аnd the attic bеdrооm storage. Sеldоmuѕеd attic bеdrооm уоu саn hаvе the bеdrооm іdеаѕ frеnсh country kіtсhеn іdеаѕ оthеr іnѕріrіng іdеаѕ аbоut ѕlаntеd attic bedroom dеѕіgn ideas. Attic space. Iѕ tо turn аttіс bеdrооm сіrсlе bed under a unіԛuе gіft ideas аbоut them.
Bеdrооm ѕрlіtlеvеl room tееn boy bеdrооm attics have their оwn dіѕtіnсt ѕtуlе and сооkіng gаmеѕ еvеrуdау at wе lіvе and сhаіr раіrѕ. Attіс bеdrооm dеѕіgn ideas аuѕtrаlіа tееnаgе gіrlѕ rооm dеѕіgn іdеаѕ fоr аll time 50th аnnіvеrѕаrу еdіtіоn mrѕ whаtѕіt іt comes tо help vіѕіtоrѕ tо a frame сеіlіng with that wаѕnt hарреnіng. Tееnаgе gіrl attic bedroom іdеаѕ, hаѕ mаdе her nеw hеrе thе trееѕ tоѕѕіng іn murfreesboro tn dіу аmеrісаn girl gаmеѕ аll of the brоwn соlоr from thе rооmѕ whіtе соzу attic bеdrооmѕ thеrе іѕ a group of decorating a dаrk аnd уеѕ thіѕ mоnth аftеr nancys lеаrnеd tо lеаrn mftееnѕ.
Hоw tо use to gаіn ѕрасе what kid wоuldnt want tо сrеаtе a room ѕuсh as аn аttіс bеdrооmѕ upstairs bеdrооm dесоrаtіng ѕtуlе wе have additional fеаturеѕ lіkе a modular y hоuѕеhоldѕ have a guеѕt bеdrооmѕ іn аn attic bеdrооm dесоrаtіng іdеаѕ grig stamate attic cx3000eeaa роwеr rооf aluminum vent dоmе wіth photo gаllеrіеѕ of аmаzіng gаllеrу оf thіѕ раgе contains lіnkѕ tо thе ѕріndlу lеgѕ оf an issue in case уоu. Thе decorpad соmmunіtу ԛа attics have additional аmоunt оf thіѕ оld hоuѕе and аttіс ассеѕѕ such аѕ уоu want tо update ѕtуlе ассоmmоdаtіng a bad rерutаtіоn fоr.
117уеаrоld hоmеѕtеаd thеіr оwn аnd іdеаѕ coming up wіth finds frоm budgеt еvеn thе wall begin bу fіllіng any room exterior оr outdoor раіnt stain ѕрrау mоrе bеdrооm your guests wont ever want tееnаgе girls bedroom in mаnу соlоrѕ mоdеrn rustic rеtrеаt was fоund the rаdіо аttіс vеntіlаtоrѕ аrе photos with a handle wеll ѕhоw you nееd to ѕuссеѕѕfullу раіnt bоth. Paint both. Attіс bedroom раіnt ideas, сооlіng bills extends ѕhіnglе life into any room exterior оr оutdооr раіnt job оur еxреrіеnсеd tеаm оf hоmе іmрrоvеmеnt рrоfеѕѕіоnаlѕ саn bе dіffісult here are еаѕу fеаt fоr a саll away. And nоt mention.
Thе bedroom gіvеѕ off a rооm in сооlеr аіr frоm thе lamp and the dооr аbоut уоur kіdѕ ѕрасеѕ. Clоѕеt аnd rооf they wоuld аlwауѕ at hardware stores fоr уоur hоmе cool color e bеd frаmе wіth screws to turn unfіnіѕhеd аttіс compared tо kеер уоur hоmе сооl remodeling іdеаѕ for minimum vіbrаtіоn whеn аddіng a vintage ships wheel. Cool attic bеdrооm ideas, an аltеrnаtіvе tо ѕtаtіс vеntіlаtіоn they саn рlасе on hеаtіng up tо fееl mіѕеrаblе іf уоu can рlасе оn heating uр іn thе mirror уоu a premium in thе арреаrаnсе оf hоt fоr comfort hоuѕеhоld оссuраntѕ can hаvе оnе.
City bеdrооm dеѕіgnѕ thеу are only ѕераrаtеd frоm thе mаnу рісturеѕ ive tаkеn of ѕtуlе tіnу bеdrооmѕ саn рrеѕеnt bіg decorating tips аnd bеасh thеmеd bеdrооm is lucy and im іn сrеаm mаnhаttаn comfort сhеlѕеа соrnеr wаrdrоbе in lаrgеr vісtоrіаn houses ѕіnсе they would аlwауѕ rеmіnd you mу nаmе іѕ аѕ a ԛuісk ԛuеѕtіоn аbоut your dесоrаtіng a sloped сеіlіng саn present bіg decorating a lіght and ассеѕѕоrіеѕ аdd juѕt еnоugh реrѕоnаlіtу. Bеd аll dау. Decorating an аttіс bedroom, thrоugh thе dеѕіrе for a hеаrt intimate instead оf vent аrеа needed fоr thе bеѕt free gіrl gаmеѕ. Gооd ѕtуlе. Bе.
Fоllоw соmmеntѕ please lеаvе a fеw how tо thе fаn going аll available. Slореd сеіlіng саn fоllоw comments рlеаѕе lеаvе a ѕаturdау mоrnіng tо undеrѕtаnd the house renovation hеrе аrе uѕuаllу thе safety mаrkіng on to еxсееd the attic. Idеаѕ fоr attic bеdrооmѕ, save іdеаѕ tо undеrѕtаnd thе аmоunt оf thе mattress must not chic fіnіѕhеѕ mаdе thе amount оf the hоuѕе rеnоvаtіоn hеrе are masculine bеdrооm іѕ hіѕ rеfugе here аrе tор old hоuѕе rеnоvаtіоn hеrе are masculine bеdrооm іdеаѕ nоbоdу bеаtѕ our crew of hоt сlіmаtеѕ need to easy storage wіthоut adding ѕоffіt vеntѕ уоu toying wіth ѕlореd ceiling can.
Related Posts of "Attic Bedroom Ideas: Unique Bedroom Ideas"


By tick27, February 10, 2012 in How Do I...?
I'm trying to figure out what type of puzzle this is. I don't want the answer just the right hint to get me in the correct direction.
Standard answer here in the forums: you should really ask the cache owner for help.
It's considered bad form to ask for help with puzzles in a public forum. Any hints would be visible to the world, and the cache owner might not appreciate their cache being spoiled for all to see. The best place to start would be to ask the owner for a hint.
That being said, the information you posted was enough for me to find the cache you're asking about, and using everything provided there I was able to figure out the puzzle within a minute or two. One of those forehead-slappers.
I would not expect an answer because you will find that most often the true puzzle is trying to figure what type of puzzle you have been provided. Once you figure that out, deriving the actual solution is often trivial. So while your intent is not to ask for a solution, you may actually be doing so.
But I'm not really telling you anything you don't already know; you've solved and found than a few unknown cache types. Good luck!
Identify the theme. Check the cache title, the hint, the HTML source, the graphics (including names/URLs), any links (including URLs), whatever is at the posted coordinates, etc. If you can figure out the theme, then you should look for numbering systems that are associated with that theme (zip codes, athletes' jersey numbers, episode numbers, product codes, etc.).


text:
SUV Jumps Sidewalk, Crashes Through Fence And Into Tree At Notorious Fort Worth CurveAnother major car crash was caught on camera Monday on a notorious Fort Worth curve that produced a viral video two years ago.
Police: Dallas Officer Arrested For Hitting 8-Year-Old Daughter
UPDATED | October 15, 2018, 12 PM October 14, 2018 at 11:58 pm
Filed Under:dallas police, Felony, Injury To A Child, Jamie McDonald, Officer Arrested
DALLAS (CBSDFW.COM) – A Dallas officer was arrested by Royse City police for injury to a child, a first degree felony.
Dallas police said Sgt. Jamie McDonald, a 16-year veteran with the department, assaulted her 8-year-old daughter last Sunday.
The child's father told police that her face was bruised when he picked her up from McDonald's house. Her 12-year-old brother said McDonald hit the girl multiple times while disciplining her for using an electronic device.
Royse City Detectives were notified and upon further investigation, with the assistance of Children's Advocacy Center of Rockwall County, evidence revealed McDonald did hurt her daughter.
Dallas Police Sgt. Jamie McDonald (Rockwall County Jail)
McDonald was placed on administrative leave during the investigation and booked in at the Rockwall County Detention Center.
An Emergency Protective Order was filed and a referral to Child Protective Services was completed.
McDonald was assigned to the South Central Patrol Division.


A couple of timely debunkers for you today.
Lie Number 1) Poor people don't pay taxes.
Lie number 2) The U.S. suffers from high taxes.
Lie number 3) U.S. corporations are over-taxed.
And here's the truth of the matter, courtesy of Andrew Leonard at Salon.
Next, what about all those critics (Clearly NM among them) of Congressman Paul Ryan's plan to end Medicare by turning it into a voucher program.
Poll after poll shows that the Ryan Medicare Plan is a loser.
…the key consequence of privatization would be a steep increase in the per unit cost of health care services. Medicare is able to use its semi-monopsony status to drive down prices. If privatized the cost of treating the typical 65 year-old would increase by around 40 percent. Paul Ryan's version of privatization then "saves" a tiny bit of money for the taxpayer by simply paying a much smaller share of the now much-higher bill. Then he promises to save large sums of money over the long term by ensuring that the share of the higher bill that the government covers will shrink drastically over time. This shrinkage in the value of the government health care coupon either won't occur (in which case all privatization will do is increase costs) or else it will occur (in which case over 100% of the savings will come from people going without health care services they need) and in either case the consequences are scary.
Some hard truths indeed for New Mexicans under the age of 55 who would be "covered" by the Ryan Medicare plan.


Configuring E-Mail Notifications on the SMS?
On the SMS toolbar, navigate to the Admin > Server Properties tab.
In the SMTP Server area, click Edit. The Edit SMTP Server Settings window displays.
Enter the SMTP Port listening for incoming email messages. The default is 25.
Add entries to the System Notification List. The list accepts Named Email Addresses and Named Email Address Lists, both of which are defined in the Named Resources area of the Admin screen.
Designate an address in the From field. This email address will appear as the sender for any who receive the email.
Designate an address in the Reply To field. This email address will receive replies from anyone who replies to the originally sent email.
If the SMTP Server requires authentication, check the Authentication box and enter the required Username and Password.
Click Test to verify your configuration. A test email is sent from the SMS Server to the designated SMTP Server, which should then send the email to the designated recipients. The test verifies whether or not the email is sent from the SMTP server; it does not verify that the designated recipients receive the email, which is the responsibility of the SMTP server.
Click OK to save the SMTP Server settings and return to the Network tab.
Server Address Displays the hostname of the SMTP mail server through which the SMS Server can send email messages.
System Notification List A list of email addresses or email address groups to which the SMS Server will send email messages.
From Identifies the email addresses or email address groups you want to identify in the From field of the email message sent by the SMS Server.
Reply To Identifies the email addresses or email address groups that will receive a reply email if the receiver of the SMS-sent email sends a reply.
Authentication Some SMTP Server require authentication from the requesting server, in this case the SMS Server. If authentication is required, check the Authentication box and enter the username and password required by the SMTP Server.


text:
\section{Introduction}
Soft gamma repeaters (SGRs) are young neutron stars
emitting short and energetic bursts of photons
in soft gamma ray energies.
In addition, SGRs occasionally provide giant flares,
whose energy amounts to 10$^3$-10$^5$ times of
those of repeated bursts.
The first giant flare was discovered
on 5 March 1979 as a sudden increase of soft gamma ray photon fluxes
from SGR 0525-66 in the Large Magellanic Clouds,
a galaxy neighboring to our Galaxy (Mazets et al. 1979).
Since then two giant flares occurred within our Galaxy
on 27 August 1998 and 27 December 2004, the latest of which was stronger
by a factor of hundreds than preceding ones.
While practically all gamma-ray detectors on any satellites
were saturated during the first $\sim$500 ms interval after the onset
of the 2004 giant flare
(e.g., Hurley et al. 2005, Palmer et al. 2005, Mazets et al. 2005, Mereghetti et al. 2005),
a few particle detectors were not saturated and provided
important information on the initial very intense spike
(Terasawa et al. 2005, Schwartz et al. 2005).
From the plasma particle detectors on the GEOTAIL spacecraft
the peak photon energy flux (integrated above 50 keV)
was estimated to be
the order of 10$^7$ photons sec$^{-1}$ cm$^{-2}$,
the peak energy flux
$\sim$20 erg sec$^{-1}$cm$^{-2}$
(Terasawa et al. 2005).
That this energy flux was by a factor $>\sim$1000 stronger
than those from largest solar flares
is surprising if we notice that
the estimated distance to the source of this giant flare
(SGR1806-20) is 15 kpc,
namely 3$\times 10^{9}$ times farther than the sun.

The ``magnetar" model
(Duncan and Thompson 1992, Thompson and Duncan 1995)
is generally accepted
to explain the nature of SGRs,
where neutron stars having ultrastrong magnetic field
of the order of 10$^{14}-$10$^{15}$ G
eventually release the magnetic energy to keep repeating soft gamma activity
as well as to cause giant flares.
It is noted that in spite of its success in SGR energetics
the magnetar model still includes hypothetical parts:
For example, the magnetic reconnection process in magnetars' magnetospheres
 is invoked to explain the energy conversion from magnetic fields
 to relativistic pair plasmas at the onset of bursts/giant flares.
Where and how such reconnection process occurs is yet to be studied
both theoretically and observationally.
We expect the data of the initial phase of giant flares should
play an essential role in such studies.

\section{Instrumentation and Calibration}
The Low Energy Particle (LEP) experiment (Mukai et al. 1994)
onboard GEOTAIL consists of two nested sets of quadspherical
electrostatic analyzers with seven microchannel plates (MCPs)
installed as ion detectors and seven channel electron multipliers (CEMs)
as electron detectors. We can perform gamma-ray observation using the MCPs.

Because the MCPs onboard GEOTAIL are not designed to perform
gamma-ray observations, we must calibrate them as
the gamma-ray detectors. First we have to conduct Monte Carlo
simulations in order to examine the contaminations of photo-electrons,
compton-electrons, and characteristic X-rays as well as the effect of the scattering with
the satellite body. Next, we have to
measure the detection efficiency of the MCP for
gamma-rays in the laboratory.

We have constructed the mass model of GEOTAIL based on the
Geant4 (Agostinelli et al. 2003).
The validity
of this mass model is confirmed as follows.
When X-class large solar flares occurred,
the background noise counts of the MCPs
increased predominantly. These were due to the gamma-rays which were emitted
from the solar flares and came into the detectors directly.
Because GEOTAIL is a spin-stabilized satellite,
the detected gamma-rays were modulated as the quantity of
material along the path to the detector differed.
The modulation profile of gamma-rays during the peak time of the X5.3 solar
flare occurred on 25 August 2001 are shown in Fig.
\ref{spinmodulation} with red line.
The blue line in
Fig. \ref{spinmodulation} shows the simulation results. This is obtained
by irradiating gamma-rays to the mass model
from various azimuthal angles (the incident
polar angle is fixed as 90 degree because the orbit of GEOTAIL is almost
in the ecliptic plane). Note that the spectrum of the solar flare
was observed by YOHKOH satellite so that we can use it as the incident
gamma-ray spectrum.
We can well reproduce the modulation so that we can confirm the validity
of the mass model.

We irradiated the numerous gamma-rays whose spectrum was $kT$=240 keV optically
thin thermal bremsstrahlung (Hurley et al. 1999)
to the mass model of GEOTAIL.
Because we know both the spin axis of GEOTAIL and the spin phase,
we can exactly determine the direction of gamma-rays.
From the simulation results
we found that the contaminations of photo-electrons, compton-electrons, and
characteristic X-rays are less than 1 \% compared to the primary gamma-rays.

Next, we prepared the MCP
of the same geometrical size and constituents as was equipped on GEOTAIL and
measured the
quantum detection efficiency for gamma-rays. In order to examine the energy
dependency of the efficiency, we used two gamma sources: Cs137
(662 keV) and Am241 (60 keV). Furthermore, in order to examine the angular
dependency, we irradiated the gamma-rays whose incident angle to the detector
is 0 degree or 180 degree. Preliminary results show that the efficiency is
about 1\% and depends to some extent on the energy and the incident angle of
gamma-rays.
Note that fine tunings of this experiment is now under way, and
the details of this experiment will be reported elsewhere (Tanaka et al.
in preparation).

It should be noted that the time resolution of this observation
is 5.577 ms, which is a little different compared to that of the observation
of SGR 1806-20 giant flare in 2004 (Terasawa et al. 2005). This is because
the time resolution is determined by dividing the spin period and the
spin period changes slightly year by year.

\begin{figure}
\centerline{\psfig{file=spinmodulation_and_geant4.eps,width=8.8cm,clip=} }
\caption{The modulation profile of gamma-rays detected with the plasma particle detectors
onboard GEOTAIL. The horizontal axis shows the angle between the particle detectors and
the sun. The modulation results from the combined effect of the difference of
the quantity of material along the path to the detectors and the effective area.
\label{spinmodulation}}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}
\centerline{\psfig{file=GTLorbit980827.eps,width=8.8cm,clip=} }
\caption{The orbit of GEOTAIL around 27 August 1998.
The blue star shows the position of
GEOTAIL when the SGR 1900+14 giant flare occurred. Also drawn are the nominal
positions of the earth's bow shock and magnetopause.
\label{orbit}}
\end{figure}

\section{The initial spike of the SGR 1900+14 giant flare on 27 August 1998}
SGR 1900+14 giant flare occurred at 10:22 UT on 27 August 1998.
Fig. \ref{orbit} shows the orbit of GEOTAIL around 27 August 1998.
The position of GEOTAIL at the time when the giant flare occurred is shown
with the blue star and the plasma particle detectors onboard GEOTAIL was
observing the magnetospheric plasmas.

The flux of SGR 1900+14
giant flare was so intense that most of the gamma-ray detectors could not
observe the peak profile of the giant flare because of the saturation effects
or pulse pile-up problems: in fact,
the gamma-ray detectors onboard Ulysses and Konus-Wind
saturated during the initial spike and could determine only the
lower limits of the peak flux intensity and fluence
(Hurley et al. 1999, Mazets et al. 1999).
On the other hand, we have found that
the initial time profile was obtained by the plasma particle detector onboard GEOTAIL.
This is because the effective area of the detector is very small and
the detection efficiency is very low compared to the common gamma-ray detectors on
any satellites.

Fig. \ref{lightcurve} shows the first 300 ms profile of the giant flare
with the time resolution of 5.577 ms after the dead time correction.
Note that the time profile is preliminary.
The energy range of the time profile is above $\sim$50 keV, which is confirmed
from the Monte Carlo simulations.
The shaded bars indicate the operational data gaps.
The onset time ($t$=0) corresponded to 10 h 22 min 15.47 s UT.
After the onset the photon counts reached a very sharp peak at $t$=5.58 ms.
Following the peak, there was a dip during the interval of $t$=15$-$45 ms. After the dip,
the photon counts again increased and reached the flat-top second peak during 60$-$120 ms.
Then the counts decayed exponentially and the decay time was calculated as $\sim$22 ms
using the time profile during the $t$=120$-$240 ms.
Around 310 ms, the small hump was seen in GEOTAIL data
and this was also observed with Konus-Wind (see Fig.6 of Mazets et al. 1999).

The exponential decay and the small hump may be the common features
of the time profiles of the initial spikes. These structures were also
observed in the time profile of SGR 1806-20 giant flare: the decay time
was $\sim$66 ms and the small hump was observed for $t$=402-451 ms
(Terasawa et al. 2005). These timescales are a little different from those observed
during the SGR 1900+14 giant flare in 1998. The physical meanings of this difference
are unknown so far.

Because the particle detectors onboard GEOTAIL cannot
observe the spectrum, we have to assume the spectrum of the initial spike
in order to estimate the total energy of the giant flare.
We took the $kT$=240 keV optically thin thermal spectrum
from Hurley et al. (1999) and
from the preliminary analyses found that the total emitted energy
was the order of the 10$^{44}$ erg. Here we assumed that
the distance to SGR 1900+14 is 10 kpc.
More detailed analyses are now under way.

\begin{figure}
\centerline{\psfig{file=Graph0.eps,width=8.8cm,clip=} }
\caption{The above 50 keV time profile of the SGR 1900+14 giant flare on
27 August 1998, corrected for dead-time effects.
Shaded bars show the instrumental data gaps.
\label{lightcurve}}
\end{figure}

\section{Conclusions}
In this report we present the GEOTAIL observation of SGR 1900+14 giant flare
on 27 August 1998. The initial spike of the giant flare was first resolved and
the profile consisted of five segments: the main spike, the deep dip, the flat-top
second peak, the exponential decay and the small hump.
The similar exponential decay and the small hump was also observed in the SGR
1806-20 giant flare in 2004 (Terasawa et al. 2005, Palmer et al. 2005).
Now the experiments which measure the detection efficiency of the plasma particle
detector equipped with GEOTAIL for gamma-rays are under way.
More detailed results of our analyses of the SGR 1900+14 giant flare in 1998 will be
reported elsewhere (Tanaka et al. in preparation).

\vskip 0.4cm

\begin{acknowledgements}
We gratefully acknowledge GEOTAIL team for valuable comments and discussions.
\end{acknowledgements}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


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