text:
237 F. 2d 688 - National Van Lines v. E Dean
237 F2d 688 National Van Lines v. E Dean
111 U.S.P.Q. 165
NATIONAL VAN LINES, a corporation, Appellant,
Alfred E. DEAN, trading under the firm name of National
Transfer & Storage Co., Appellee.
United States Court of Appeals Ninth Circuit.
Oct. 18, 1956.
Rehearing Denied Nov. 27, 1956.
Wilkinson, Huxley, Byron & Hume, Gerrit P. Groen, Kenneth T. Snow, Chicago, Ill., Albert J. Fihe, Burbank, Cal., for appellant.
Mason & Graham, Collins Mason, William R. Graham, Howard B. Turrentine, C. P. Von Herzen, S. L. Laidig, Los Angeles, Cal., for appellee.
Before STEPHENS, CHAMBERS, and HAMLEY, Circuit Judges.
HAMLEY, Circuit Judge.
This is an action for injunctive relief, an accounting, and damages. It is based on the asserted infringement of a registered service mark, unfair competition, and breach of contract. Judgment was entered for defendant, and plaintiff appeals.
Appellant, National Van Lines, Inc., is an Illinois corporation. It engages in the nation-wide business of moving household goods by motor van. The forerunner of the present company was started in 1928, under the name 'National Shippers & Movers.' In about 1930, the company began using this name, placed horizontally on a shield with vertical stripes, as a service mark.
In June, 1934, the business was incorporated under the name 'National Van Lines, Inc.' The service mark was then changed to its present form. It shows the new name in blue or black, between heavy red or black lines, across the middle of a shield. The upper part of the shield is in blue or black, across which the words 'Nation Wide' appear in white. The lower part of the shield, outlined in blue or black, consists of red and white, or black and white, vertical stripes.
Late in October, 1944, appellant and appellee, Alfred E. Dean, entered into negotiations looking to the execution of an agency contract. In contemplation of this arrangement, Dean began a local moving van business in the San Diego Bay area, under the name 'National Van & Storage.' The contract was signed on November 7, 1944. Under its terms, appellee undertook to book interstate shipments for appellant on a commission basis. The business so booked was to be handled by appellant under the latter's name.
Appellee, who was permitted to continue his local moving business, agreed in this contract that he would not use the names 'National Van,' 'National Van Lines,' or 'National Van Lines, Inc.' As soon as the contract was executed, Dean accordingly changed him firm name to 'National Transfer & Storage Co.'
On May 17, 1948, appellant filed an application for the registration of its service mark, described above, on the principal register of the United States Patent Office. The application states that no claim is made to the words 'Nation Wide' and 'Van Lines, Inc.' apart from the mark as shown. This mark was registered on September 11, 1951. On January 4, 1952, appellant filed a similar application to register the service mark 'National Van Lines' without the shield. This was registered on September 9, 1952.
In November, 1949, Dean adopted the service mark which, appellant asserts, infringes upon the latter's mark, constitutes unfair competition, and amounts to a breach of the agency contract. In Dean's mark, the words 'National Transfer & Storage,' in blue or black, are superimposed across the middle of an outline map of the United States. The word 'National' is emphasized by the use of shaded block letters. The upper part of the outline map is shown in light blue or gray. The lower part consists of red and white, or black and white, vertical stripes, across which the words 'Coast to Coast via Motor Van' appear.
The agency contract was canceled by Dean on February 20, 1950. He immediately changed the character of his business from that of a local mover to a nation-wide mover. His business increased from a four-van local moving business, grossing $8,900 in 1944, to an eighty-three-van nation-wide business, grossing $688,000 in 1951. Thus, appellant and appellee became, and now are, direct nation-wide competitors.
Appellant instituted this action on November 26, 1952. An injunction, accounting, and damages were sought. Appellee answered with a general denial, an affirmative defense questioning the validity of appellant's trademarks and registrations, and an affirmative defense of estoppel.
After trial, findings of fact, conclusions of law, and a judgment were entered favorable to appellee. The court found that appellee had not committed any act of trademark infringement, had not committed any act of unfair competition, and had not violated the contract. It was found that there was no likelihood of confusion occurring in the public mind as between appellant and appellee, or their services. The court also found that, about six months before the trial, appellee changed the name of his business to 'Dean Van Lines,' and is no longer using the name 'National Transfer & Storage Co.' While the court entered findings favorable to appellee on factual questions pertinent to the validity of appellant's trademarks and registrations, there was no express holding as to their validity or invalidity.
Appellant asserts that a cause of action was established with respect to all three theories pleaded.1 If appellant is correct as to any one of these, the trial court erred in rendering judgment for appellee. We will first direct our attention to the specifications of error pertinent to appellant's claim of unfair competition.
As to this claim, the law of the state in which the acts occurred (California) governs. Sunbeam Furn. Corp. v. Sunbeam Corp., 9 Cir., 191 F.2d 141, 731.
Unfair competition is proscribed by statute in California, and may be enjoined.2 The deceptive use of a similar name, or the emblematic representation of such name by a competitor, is unfair competition.3 It is not necessary to prove fraud, since the California statute, as amended in 1933, refers to 'unfair or fraudulent business practice'. [(Emphasis supplied.)4
Nor is it necessary to prove that any person has been confused or deceived; it is sufficient that there is a likelihood of deception. MacSweeney Enterprises, Inc., v. Tarantino, 106 Cal.App.2d 504, 235 P.2d 266. The test to be applied in determining whether there is a likelihood of deception is stated in American Automobile Ass'n v. American Automobile Owners Ass'n, 216 Cal. 125, 13 P.2d 707, at page 710, 83 A.L.R. 699, as follows:
'Would a person exercising that care, caution and power of perception which the public may be expected to exercise in the matter which it has in mind, mistake one of said emblems for the other?'5
The trial court found that, except for possible isolated instances involving careless observers, there is no likelihood of any confusion occurring in the public mind as between appellant and appellee, or their services.
We believe this finding to be clearly erroneous. There is a striking similarity of the distinctive features of the two service marks. The principal characteristic of each is the use of vertical stripes in red and white, or black and white, below a name which begins with the word 'National.' The likelihood of confusion is enhanced because of the fact that both companies render the same kind of service, and both use the mark on moving vans and in telephone directory advertising.
It is true that, in one case, the vertical stripes take the form of a shield, and in the other, of an outline map of the United States. This seems to us a relatively insignificant difference, wholly inadequate to establish the separate identities of the otherwise similar marks.
On June 15, 1953, appellee announced that he would thereafter operate under the name 'Dean Van Lines.' The explanation publicly given for this change was that, because so many companies operate under names beginning with the word 'National,' '* * * we have experienced difficulties from time to time, due to confusion of similar names.' In so far as appellant's competing service is concerned, it seems clear that appellee added to this admitted confusion by adopting the distinctive vertical-stripe feature of appellant's mark.
It was no pure coincidence or mere inadvertence which caused appellee to adopt a mark so like that of appellant. He developed his service mark at a time when he was an agent for appellant, and shortly before terminating that relationship. He was fully aware of the fact that appellant was then using and extensively advertising such a mark. The inference is compelling that appellee intentionally sought to confuse and deceive prospective customers and thereby accomplish a transfer of business and good will from principal to erstwhile agent. The trial court's finding to the contrary is clearly erroneous.
It is not essential to show intent to deceive in order to establish a case of unfair competition. But, if such an intent is shown, it raises a presumption that deception and confusion resulted. As stated in National Lead Co. v. Wolfe, 9 Cir., 223 F.2d 195, at page 202, certiorari denied 350 U.S. 883, 76 S.Ct. 135, 100 L.Ed. .
'* * * a late comer who deliberately copies the dress of his competitors already in the field, must at least prove that his effort has been futile. * * *'
We need not, however, speculate as to the likelihood of confusion between the two marks. The testimony is well-documented and undisputed that actual confusion did result. This testimony came from one of appellee's customers, three competitors, and two of appellant's employees. Appellee, himself, testified that, in the Monterey area, his company had experienced some confusion as to the identity of the two companies.
We therefore hold that use by appellee of a service mark utilizing the word 'National' in connection with vertical stripes is likely to confuse and deceive, causing members of the public to mistake such mark for the prior mark of appellant.6
Appellee urges, however, that there are other reasons why appellant cannot prevail on its claim of unfair competition.
In this connection, it is argued that the word 'National' is a geographic adjective which is neither fanciful nor distinctive, and hence incapable of appropriation as a service mark. It is also argued that appellant does not have the exclusive use of the word 'National,' nor of the vertical stripes, since many other companies, including some which engage in the moving business, utilize one or the other of these insignias.
Appellant is not seeking to protect the word 'National' or vertical stripes, considered separately, as service marks. It is the composite of the word plus the stripes which appellant here defends. As Mr. Justice Holmes said, in Schlitz Brewing Co. v. Houston Ice Co., 250 U.S. 28, 39 S.Ct. 401, 63 L.Ed. 822, 'It is a fallacy to break the fagot stick by stick.' No other company, save appellee, was shown to be using such a composite mark at the time this suit was brought. That composite mark, in our opinion, is sufficiently distinctive to deserve judicial protection.
Appellee argues that injunctive relief and damages should be denied because a Wisconsin company engaged in the moving business made prior use of the name 'National Van Lines,' and continues to use such name.
This argument is without merit as to the claim of unfair competition now under discussion. Once it is established that a late comer's use of another's business insignia is likely to deceive or confuse, a case of unfair competition is established. Such practice is unfair to appellant, notwithstanding another's prior use of the name component of appellant's service mark.7
Appellee refers to appellant's service mark as being a close simulation of the 'official shield' of the United States. This is apparently intended to give application to 15 U.S.C.A. § 1052(b), which provides that a trademark may not consist of or comprise the flag or coat-of-arms or other insignia of the United States.
Appellee, however, fails to cite any authority, statutory or otherwise, for the proposition that a shield with vertical stripes is an official coat-of-arms or insignia of the United States. We need not decide whether, if such were the case, it would defeat appellant's claim of unfair competition, as distinguished from its claim of service mark infringement.
Appellee cites Procter & Gamble Co. v. J. L. Prescott Co., 3 Cir., 102 F.2d 773, certiorari denied 308 U.S. 557, 60 S.Ct. 80, 84 L.Ed. 468, and Aunt Jemima Mills Co. v. Rigney & Co., 2 Cir., 247 F. 407, L.R.A.1918C, 1039, certiorari denied 245 U.S. 672, 38 S.Ct. 222, 62 L.Ed. 540, for the proposition that 'estoppel by laches' precludes appellant from obtaining relief in this suit.
In the Procter & Gamble case, it was held that where a competing product had been aggressively marketed over a period of eight years, with millions of dollars being spent to advertise it before an injunction was sought, laches was a defense. In the Aunt Jemima case, it was held that, although plaintiff had delayed eight years in asserting its rights, it was still entitled to an injunction, though not to an accounting and profits.
In the instant case, there was nothing approaching such a delay in the assertion of appellant's claim. The name 'National Transfer & Storage Co.,' assumed by appellee while the agency relationship existed, was not deceptive prior to the addition of the vertical stripes. The stripes were added late in 1949, shortly before the agency was terminated. On November 9, 1951, appellant complained to appellee of the latter's use of the service mark. The action was instituted on November 26, 1952.
In our opinion, these facts fail to establish a defense of acquiescence, laches, or estoppel.
We hold that appellant is entitled to an injunction restraining appellee from continuing or resuming the unfair competition complained of, as it existed when this suit was instituted. The conclusion so reached makes it unnecessary to consider appellant's alternative theories of service mark infringement and breach of contract.
Appellant asked not only for an injunction, but also for an accounting and damages. The trial court did not pass upon this matter, since it held that no cause of action was established.
Whether or not, if unfair competition is shown, an accounting proceeding should be ordered, preparatory to the allowance of damages, is largely a matter of discretion. Dad's Root Beer Co. v. Doc's Beverages, D.C., 94 F.Supp. 121, affirmed, 2 Cir., 193 F.2d 77.
A careful examination of the record fails to reveal any specific evidence to the effect that appellant has lost substantial business and profits as a result of appellee's unfair competition. The principal damage revealed by the testimony has consisted of inconvenience and disruption of office routine in processing misdirected inquiries. While some loss of business undoubtedly has occurred, it would not, under the circumstances, be fairly measured by appellee's profits, nor be revealed by an accounting. In our view, the injunction to be entered will satisfy the substantial equities of the case. See Champion Spark Plug Co. v. Sanders, 331 U.S. 125, 67 S.Ct. 1136, 91 L.Ed. 1386.
We make one exception from the ruling just announced. Since we have found appellee's acts to have been willful and calculated to trade upon appellant's good will, the latter is entitled to recover its actual and reasonable attorney's fees incurred in this litigation.8
The judgment is reversed and the cause is remanded for entry of judgment. The judgment shall make provision for actual and reasonable attorney's fees.
1 Infringement of registered service mark, unfair competition, and breach of contract.
2 Civil Code of California, 1949, § 3369: '* * * 2. (Unfair competition enjoinable) Any person performing or proposing to perform an act of unfair competition within this State may be enjoined in any court of competent jurisdiction.
'3. (Definitions) As used in this section, unfair competition shall mean and include unfair or fraudulent business practice and unfair, untrue or misleading advertising and any act denounced by Penal Code sections 654a, 654b or 654c.'
3 Pohl v. Anderson, 13 Cal.App.2d 241, 5 P.2d 992; American Distilling Co. v. Bellows & Co., 102 Cal.App.2d 8, 226 P.2d 751.
4 Wood v. Peffer, 55 Cal.App.2d 116, 130 P.2d 220; McCord v. Plotnick, 108 Cal.App.2d 392, 239 P.2d 32; Schwartz v. Slenderella Systems, 43 Cal.2d 107, 271 P.2d 857.
5 See, also, Scudder Food Products v. Ginsberg, 21 Cal.2d 596, 134 P.2d 255.
6 Appellee appears to have now abandoned the use of 'National' with the vertical stripes. Instead, he uses 'Dean Van Lines' with vertical stripes. The ruling just stated does not apply to the latter service mark. It is necessary to deal with the earlier service make, however, since it was the one in use when this action was commenced. Moreover, appellee has not legally abandoned the former mark.
7 Del Monte Special Food Co. v. California Packing Corp., 9 Cir., 34 F.2d 774. See, also, American Philatelic Society v. Claibourne, 3 Cal.2d 689, 46 P.2d 135.
8 Aladdin Mfg. Co. v. Mantle Lamp Co., 7 Cir., 116 F.2d 708; Admiral Corp. v. Penco, 2 Cir., 203 F.2d 517; Keller Products, Inc. v. Rubber Linings Corp., 7 Cir., 213 F.2d 382, 47 A.L.R.2d 1108.


text:
Paramedics are bearing the brunt of a health system in crisis, according to the Labor party, who says Ambulance Tasmania is one serious incident away from catastrophe. Labor health spokeswoman Sarah Lovell said AT crews in the state's south operated at a surge level four for 14 hours on Wednesday night - the second highest escalation level in its contingency plan. The surge level was reportedly declared at 5pm and remained in place until 7am, with some patients understood to be waiting up to four hours for an ambulance. IN OTHER NEWS: Ms Lovell said it was unacceptable to let ambulance crews work in such dangerous environments. "We have had the ambulance system operating at crisis levels almost every day," she said. "We have had a significant data breach, where patient's personal information has been made available online for some time now. "We have ambulances ramped in the hospital all day because there is no room for their patients in the hospitals. And all the [health] minister can say is she's monitoring the situation." The escalation comes a day after the Health and Community Services Union reported paramedics had reached breaking point, calling for the government to implement an external review into AT services. Ms Lovell said the situation remained just as dire in the state's North. "There are three ambulance crews available in Launceston to respond to that area overnight. And yet we have seen on more than one occasion up to five crews at the hospital," she said. "That demonstrates we're having crews come in from other areas to respond to Launceston cases because there aren't enough resources in Launceston. "The Launceston General Hospital is facing just as many problems, if not more, than the Royal Hobart Hospital, because they are still waiting for their masterplan. That's also been delayed." Responding to the claims on Thursday, Health Minister Sarah Courtney said she never wanted to see ambulances ramped at Tasmanian hospitals. "We know that bed block has been a long challenge across our health system, which is why we are embarking on our healthcare future, to look to solutions we need to make sure we can improve access through our hospitals and make sure we can deliver care to our patients, at the right time and at the right place." Ms Courtney said 1500 more people had been employed in the health system since the Liberal party came to government, including about 100 ambulance officers and dispatch medics since the last state budget. What do you think? Send us a letter to the editor:
/images/transform/v1/crop/frm/hmGELMDNLvR57UVp2m7fXz/051b2b97-7a73-45c2-b3f5-6a9929a28af8.jpg/r15_0_6001_3382_w1200_h678_fmax.jpg
January 14 2021 - 5:00PM
Labor says Ambulance Tasmania is working at a 'crisis level almost every day'
Jessica Willard
CONCERN: Labor says more needs to be done to address ambulance ramping and bed block at Tasmanian hospitals. Picture: File
Paramedics are bearing the brunt of a health system in crisis, according to the Labor party, who says Ambulance Tasmania is one serious incident away from catastrophe.
Labor health spokeswoman Sarah Lovell said AT crews in the state's south operated at a surge level four for 14 hours on Wednesday night - the second highest escalation level in its contingency plan.
The surge level was reportedly declared at 5pm and remained in place until 7am, with some patients understood to be waiting up to four hours for an ambulance.
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Ms Lovell said it was unacceptable to let ambulance crews work in such dangerous environments.
"We have had the ambulance system operating at crisis levels almost every day," she said.
"We have had a significant data breach, where patient's personal information has been made available online for some time now.
"We have ambulances ramped in the hospital all day because there is no room for their patients in the hospitals. And all the [health] minister can say is she's monitoring the situation."
The escalation comes a day after the Health and Community Services Union reported paramedics had reached breaking point, calling for the government to implement an external review into AT services.
Ms Lovell said the situation remained just as dire in the state's North.
"There are three ambulance crews available in Launceston to respond to that area overnight. And yet we have seen on more than one occasion up to five crews at the hospital," she said.
"That demonstrates we're having crews come in from other areas to respond to Launceston cases because there aren't enough resources in Launceston.
"The Launceston General Hospital is facing just as many problems, if not more, than the Royal Hobart Hospital, because they are still waiting for their masterplan. That's also been delayed."
Responding to the claims on Thursday, Health Minister Sarah Courtney said she never wanted to see ambulances ramped at Tasmanian hospitals.
"We know that bed block has been a long challenge across our health system, which is why we are embarking on our healthcare future, to look to solutions we need to make sure we can improve access through our hospitals and make sure we can deliver care to our patients, at the right time and at the right place."
Ms Courtney said 1500 more people had been employed in the health system since the Liberal party came to government, including about 100 ambulance officers and dispatch medics since the last state budget.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
<?php namespace Orchestra\Testbench;

use Illuminate\Foundation\Application;
use Illuminate\Foundation\AliasLoader;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Facade;
use Illuminate\Config\Repository as Config;
use Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\TestCase as FoundationTestCase;

abstract class TestCase extends FoundationTestCase
{
    /**
     * Get application timezone.
     *
     * @return string
     */
    protected function getApplicationTimezone()
    {
        return 'UTC';
    }

    /**
     * Get application aliases.
     *
     * @return array
     */
    protected function getApplicationAliases()
    {
        return array(
            'App'             => 'Illuminate\Support\Facades\App',
            'Artisan'         => 'Illuminate\Support\Facades\Artisan',
            'Auth'            => 'Illuminate\Support\Facades\Auth',
            'Blade'           => 'Illuminate\Support\Facades\Blade',
            'Cache'           => 'Illuminate\Support\Facades\Cache',
            'ClassLoader'     => 'Illuminate\Support\ClassLoader',
            'Config'          => 'Illuminate\Support\Facades\Config',
            'Controller'      => 'Illuminate\Routing\Controller',
            'Cookie'          => 'Illuminate\Support\Facades\Cookie',
            'Crypt'           => 'Illuminate\Support\Facades\Crypt',
            'DB'              => 'Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB',
            'Eloquent'        => 'Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model',
            'Event'           => 'Illuminate\Support\Facades\Event',
            'File'            => 'Illuminate\Support\Facades\File',
            'Form'            => 'Illuminate\Support\Facades\Form',
            'Hash'            => 'Illuminate\Support\Facades\Hash',
            'HTML'            => 'Illuminate\Support\Facades\HTML',
            'Input'           => 'Illuminate\Support\Facades\Input',
            'Lang'            => 'Illuminate\Support\Facades\Lang',
            'Log'             => 'Illuminate\Support\Facades\Log',
            'Mail'            => 'Illuminate\Support\Facades\Mail',
            'Paginator'       => 'Illuminate\Support\Facades\Paginator',
            'Password'        => 'Illuminate\Support\Facades\Password',
            'Queue'           => 'Illuminate\Support\Facades\Queue',
            'Redirect'        => 'Illuminate\Support\Facades\Redirect',
            'Redis'           => 'Illuminate\Support\Facades\Redis',
            'Request'         => 'Illuminate\Support\Facades\Request',
            'Response'        => 'Illuminate\Support\Facades\Response',
            'Route'           => 'Illuminate\Support\Facades\Route',
            'Schema'          => 'Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema',
            'Seeder'          => 'Illuminate\Database\Seeder',
            'Session'         => 'Illuminate\Support\Facades\Session',
            'SSH'             => 'Illuminate\Support\Facades\SSH',
            'Str'             => 'Illuminate\Support\Str',
            'URL'             => 'Illuminate\Support\Facades\URL',
            'Validator'       => 'Illuminate\Support\Facades\Validator',
            'View'            => 'Illuminate\Support\Facades\View',
        );
    }

    /**
     * Get package aliases.
     *
     * @return array
     */
    protected function getPackageAliases()
    {
        return array();
    }

    /**
     * Get application providers.
     *
     * @return array
     */
    protected function getApplicationProviders()
    {
        return array(
            'Illuminate\Foundation\Providers\ArtisanServiceProvider',
            'Illuminate\Auth\AuthServiceProvider',
            'Illuminate\Cache\CacheServiceProvider',
            'Illuminate\Session\CommandsServiceProvider',
            'Illuminate\Foundation\Providers\ConsoleSupportServiceProvider',
            'Illuminate\Routing\ControllerServiceProvider',
            'Illuminate\Cookie\CookieServiceProvider',
            'Illuminate\Database\DatabaseServiceProvider',
            'Illuminate\Encryption\EncryptionServiceProvider',
            'Illuminate\Filesystem\FilesystemServiceProvider',
            'Illuminate\Hashing\HashServiceProvider',
            'Illuminate\Html\HtmlServiceProvider',
            'Illuminate\Log\LogServiceProvider',
            'Illuminate\Mail\MailServiceProvider',
            'Illuminate\Database\MigrationServiceProvider',
            'Illuminate\Pagination\PaginationServiceProvider',
            'Illuminate\Queue\QueueServiceProvider',
            'Illuminate\Redis\RedisServiceProvider',
            'Illuminate\Remote\RemoteServiceProvider',
            'Illuminate\Auth\Reminders\ReminderServiceProvider',
            'Illuminate\Database\SeedServiceProvider',
            'Illuminate\Session\SessionServiceProvider',
            'Illuminate\Translation\TranslationServiceProvider',
            'Illuminate\Validation\ValidationServiceProvider',
            'Illuminate\View\ViewServiceProvider',
        );
    }

    /**
     * Get package providers.
     *
     * @return array
     */
    protected function getPackageProviders()
    {
        return array();
    }

    /**
     * Get application paths.
     *
     * @return array
     */
    protected function getApplicationPaths()
    {
        $basePath = realpath(__DIR__.'/../../fixture');

        return array(
            'app'     => "{$basePath}/app",
            'public'  => "{$basePath}/public",
            'base'    => $basePath,
            'storage' => "{$basePath}/app/storage",
        );
    }

    /**
     * {@inheritdoc}
     */
    public function createApplication()
    {
        $app = new Application;

        $app->detectEnvironment(array(
            'local' => array('your-machine-name'),
        ));

        $app->bindInstallPaths($this->getApplicationPaths());

        $app['env'] = 'testing';

        $app->instance('app', $app);

        Facade::clearResolvedInstances();
        Facade::setFacadeApplication($app);

        $config = new Config($app->getConfigLoader(), $app['env']);
        $app->instance('config', $config);
        $app->startExceptionHandling();

        date_default_timezone_set($this->getApplicationTimezone());

        $aliases = array_merge($this->getApplicationAliases(), $this->getPackageAliases());
        AliasLoader::getInstance($aliases)->register();

        Request::enableHttpMethodParameterOverride();

        $providers = array_merge($this->getApplicationProviders(), $this->getPackageProviders());
        $app->getProviderRepository()->load($app, $providers);

        $this->getEnvironmentSetUp($app);

        return $app;
    }

    /**
     * Define environment setup.
     *
     * @param  Illuminate\Foundation\Application    $app
     * @return void
     */
    protected function getEnvironmentSetUp($app)
    {
        // Define your environment setup.
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Make your own stunning Swarovski hoop earrings with this Aurora earring jewellery kit available from I-Beads. Thread the sparkling Swarovski beads and pendants with fine wire to create unique glamorous earrings. Match with the Aaliyah necklace kit for a complete set!
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We hope you enjoyed making these earrings as much as we enjoyed designing it for you. To purchase the kit for these gorgeous earrings (available in 3 x colours) please click HERE.


Market participants expect the exchange traded fund (ETF) market to grow markedly in the next three years, with most asset management companies expected to have an ETF offering within five years, according to a survey conducted by consultancy firm EY.
This study, which draws on interviews with more than 70 ETF providers, market makers and service providers and is supplemented by EY's own analysis and knowledge, covers firms which manage 85 per cent of global ETF assets, across the US, Europe and Asia.
It suggested 67 per cent of those questioned believe the ETF market will grow to the point where most firms will have an ETF product offering in the near future.
"We believe global ETF assets could reach $7.6trn (£5.7trn) by the end of 2020, underpinned by the shift to passive, the size of ETFs relative to the overall market and the suitability of ETFs for digital distribution," the report stated.
An ETF is a marketable security that tracks an index, a commodity, bonds, or a basket of assets like an index fund. Unlike mutual funds, an ETF trades like a common stock on a stock exchange, and experiences price changes throughout the day as they are bought and sold.
Significantly cheaper than traditional fund management, ETFs are an incredibly fast-growing part of the investment market. Global ETF assets have risen from $800bn (£607bn) 10 years ago to $4.2tn (£3.2tn) at the end of August, according to industry data provider ETFGI.
Last week Legal and General Investment Management (LGIM) plunged into the European exchange traded fund market with the acquisition of ETF Securities' fund platform.
The acquisition of Canvass brings $2.7bn (£2bn) of assets under management to LGIM.
Canvass manages investments for a number of ETFs on the platform, and effectively offers a white label service to other firms wishing to launch their own exchange traded fund service.
In total, it has a range of 17 products, across equity, fixed income and commodities.
However in the research accompanying the survey, EY found new launch ETF products attracted only 2.9 per cent of the capital deployed to the asset class, indicating that new launches are struggling to gain traction.
The survey found that firms wishing to launch new products will need to focus on offering access to alternative assets, thematic investments and areas such as debt, in order to be able to grow.
Most respondents to the survey, carried out between May and September 2017, said they believe ETF charges will continue to fall in the years to come, as the market grows and new providers launch products.
Matt Forstenhausler, EY Global and Americas Wealth & Asset Management ETF Leader, said: "The industry needs to address market and regulatory threats and be willing to respond by developing new products and modifying existing products.


text:
Mikhalis Pierís (; Eftagònia, Xipre, 1952 — Eftagònia, Xipre, 3 de novembre de 2021) va ser un poeta, escriptor, crític literari, assagista, traductor i professor universitari xipriota. És considerat una personalitat rellevant dins del panorama cultural i poètic no només a Xipre, sinó també a Grècia.

Biografia
Va estudiar literatura i teatre a la universitat de Salònica i, posteriorment, a la de Sydney. Va ser professor de la Universitat de Réthimno, a Creta i actualment és professor de literatura neogrega de la Universitat de Xipre.

Pierís té una llarga trajectòria lligada al teatre. Fundà el Taller de Teatre Grec de la Universitat de Sidney (1979), fou membre del Grup Universitari de Teatre de la Universitat de Creta (1987-1992) i és fundador del Laboratori Teatral de la Universitat de Xipre (ΘΕΠΑΚ) (1997). Ha adaptat i dirigit per al teatre obres literàries medievals, com la Crònica de Xipre, de Leòntius Makheras, o renaixentistes, com lErotòcrit de Vitzentzos Kornaros.

És professor de literatura neogrega de la Universitat de Xipre, en la qual impulsà la creació de la Facultat de Filosofia, de la que en fou degà diversos anys, essent fundador també del Centre Cultural de la referida universitat, al centre històric de Nicòsia. És cofundador de la revista literària xipriota Ύλαντρον (Ílantron).

Com a crític ha escrit nombrosos assajos sobre l'obra de molts poetes, en particular K. Kavafis, G. Seferis, T. Sinopoulos, el xipriota K. Montis, i M. Ganàs, autors que són una referència de la seva poesia, juntament amb Kariotakis, Kalvos o el cançoner popular demòtic.

Obra
Ha publicat contes i obra en prosa, i diversos reculls poètics. Inicià les seves publicacions de poesia el 1978 sota el pseudònim de Mikhalis Eftagonitis. La seva poesia està centrada en la imatge de la ciutat. Com el mateix autor indica, les múltiples ciutats que ha visitat, per motius familiars, acadèmics o artístics, París, Londres, Melbourne, Barcelona, Màlaga, Granada, Roma, Ginebra, Venècia, Ravenna, Ferrara, Moscou, Sant Petersburg, Palerm, Siracusa, Catània, Milà, Nàpols, Alexandria, Trieste, etc., han influït la seva poesia, si bé aquesta té sempre, al fons, Xipre i el seu poblet d'Eftagònia.

Poesia
Font:
Ανάσταση και Θάνατος μιας πολιτείας (Ressurrecció i mort d'una ciutat), Atenes, Πλανοδιον 1991
Δός μου ορισμόν (Donam una ordre), Nicòsia, 1993
 Pυθμού και Φόβου (Del ritme i de la por), Atenes, Πλανοδιον 1996
Μέρες της Λευκωσίας (Dies de Nicòsia), Nicòsia,Υλαντρον 1996
Σ' όνειρο η πατρίδα (La pàtria en somni), Atenes, Πλανοδιον 1998
Μεταμορφώσεις Πόλεων (1978-1998) (Metamorfosis de ciutats 1978-1998), Atenes, Καστανιώτης 1999
Η ελεγεία της Γενεύης, Nicòsia, Υλαντρον 2001
Αφήγηση (Narració), Atenes, Ιστός 2002
Τόποι γραφής (Llocs d'escriptura), Atenes, Ίκαρος 2005
Μεταμορφώσεις Πόλεων (1978-2009) (Metamorfosis de ciutats 1978-2009), Atenes, Ίκαρος 2010

Prosa
Font:
 Μες στο ρυϋμό του φονικού. Αφηγήσεις και άλλα πεζά κείμενα, Atenes, Πλανοδιον 2004

Teatre
Font:
 Λεοντίου Μαχαιρά (Leòntius Makheras), Εξήγησις της γλυκείας χώρας Κύπρου (Descripció del dolç país de Xipre) (adaptació teatral), Nicòsia, ΘΕΠΑΚ 1998
 Βασίλη Μιχαηλίδη (Vassilis Michaelidis), Η ρωμιοσύνη εν' φυλή συνότζιαιρη του κόσμου (adaptació teatral), Nicòsia, ΘΕΠΑΚ 2001
 Ευριπίδη (Eurípides), Φοίνισσες (Les fenícies) (traducció), Nicòsia, ΘΟΚ 2002
 Το Άσμα του Γιοφυριού (El cant del pont) (adaptació teatral), Nicòsia, ΘΕΠΑΚ 2003
 Βιτσέντζου Κορνάρου (Vitzentzos Kornaros), Ερωτόκριτος (Erotòcrit) (adaptació teatral), Nicòsia, ΘΕΠΑΚ 2005
 Το Σπίτι. Έρχομαι για λίγο φως. Δυο ϋεατρικά έργα, Atenes, Μελάνι 2009

Guardons
Font:
 2002 : Premi Melina Merkuri per la seva traducció al neogrec de Les fenícies, d'Eurípides.
 2009 : Premi Internacional de Poesia Il Lazio tra Europa e Mediterraneo, atorgat per la regió italiana del Lazio.
 2010 : Premi a l'Excel·lència en les Lletres, atorgat pel Govern de la República de Xipre.
 2011 : Commendatore dell'Ordine della Stella della Solidarietà Italiana, concedit per la República Italiana.

Traduccions al català
 2000: Traducció de sis poemes per part d'Alexis Eudald Solà.
 2011: Poema El drac i la donzella, a càrrec de Joaquim Gestí.
 2012: Poemes Ulisses encadenat i Com Ulisses, a càrrec de Joaquim Gestí.

Referències

Bibliografia

Traduccions al català

Escriptors en grec modern
Xipriotes
Poetes europeus
Crítics literaris europeus
Professors universitaris
Assagistes europeus
Dramaturgs europeus
Traductors al grec modern
Alumnes de la Universitat de Sydney
Alumnes de la Universitat Aristotèlica de Tessalònica
Morts a Xipre

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
The Korherr Report: Where did they go?
Hotzenplotz
Postby Hotzenplotz » 1 decade 4 years ago (Sat May 07, 2005 2:21 pm)
I just read about the Korherr-Report which can be found here (GERMAN):
http://www.ns-archiv.de/verfolgung/korh ... r-lang.php
or here (English)
http://www.deathcamps.org/reinhard/korherr_en.htm
It's a statistical report about the progress of the final solution from spring 43 and it gives numbers "as of 31.12.1942". It seems much more interesting than the Wannsee-Protocol. It says at one point:
Korherr wrote: 4. Transportation of Jews from the
eastern provinces to the Russian
East: ............................ 1 449 692 "
The following numbers were sifted
through the camps in the General
government ............. ........ 1 274 166 Jews
The camps in the in General government will be the so-called death camps, right? Korherr doesn't speak of exterminations of course but only of evacuations, and he maintained that he didn't know of exterminations after the war. Now if that's true and there were in fact exterminations, that would make him extremely gullible, as Irving says.
German letter of Korherr to Magazine Der Spiegel in July, 1977, where he denies knowledge of extermination:
http://fpp.co.uk/History/General/Korher ... 50777.html
In this letter he says that he had asked at the RSHA (Reichssicherheitshauptamt) what "Sonderbehandlung" meant and was told "resettlement to the district Lublin."
Similarly from
http://www.deathcamps.org/reinhard/korherr.html
After the war Korherr attempted to diminish the importance of the report that bore his name. As a potential witness or defendant in court proceedings, he claimed that the data in his report were false because of inflated claims contained in the Einsatzgruppen reports. He also claimed that he did not understand the figures in his report, nor did he realize that the Einsatzgruppen killed people.
Anyway, here's what I wanted to discuss: Assuming the report is about correct, then about 1,2 million Jews have been sifted through the "death camps". Now the question is: Where did they go? Where did they arrive in the "Russian east"? Are there any personal stories of Jews who where sifted through the death camps? I mean, 1,2 million is a lot - shouldn't there be some reports where they got? Were there any camps east of Treblinka?
Now if there are no such explanations of their whereabouts that would make a good point for exterminationism. If there is a good one, the position of revisionsm would be tremendously strong, I'd say.
"Repetition reinforces the primary messages of the religion in participants' minds."
-Michael C. Howard, Contemporary Cultural Anthropology
Carto's Cutlass Supreme
Postby Carto's Cutlass Supreme » 1 decade 4 years ago (Sat May 07, 2005 3:55 pm)
There's a thread here on revforum called something like "where'd they go" that might provide part of the answer.
I think one thing you're asking is "if they weren't killed, were they transported? And I don't know the answer. I'm interested in that question too.
The word "sonderbehandlung" is so important to the holocaust. Cryptic words might be understandably important in dealing with the public, or maybe with outsiders to some secret project. But could a word like that really be used within the military and everyone know what this secret language means? Could you kill everyone in the state of California with thousands of people involved, having just some vague message?
Hopefully some posters will answer your question.
Turpitz
Postby Turpitz » 1 decade 4 years ago (Sat May 07, 2005 4:28 pm)
When the war was over and the Zionists were about to set Germany up with their heinious smear, as they were rummaging through all the new found documents, what do you think they did with any that would have been problematic to the lies they were about to unleash? What would you have done with any documents that would have spoiled your plans?
I mean, 1,2 million is a lot - shouldn't there be some reports where they got
It certainly is a lot and it makes one wonder how they could be made to simply disappear, it would be a great deal easier to have made the documentation that tells us where they went disappear though.
If they were murdered their must be some archaeological investigations to verify this and I mean at the earliest opportunity.
To make my question a bit more precise... it depends on what the revisionist claim is, but as far as I can see, the most favoured option of dealing with the death camps is to say they were transit camps, just as it is stated in the relevant documents like the Korherr report. (In another thread this was related to "Occam's razor" [the idea that unnecessary complexities should be eliminated from a theory if the simpler version explains as much] -- why assume words like "evacuated" were used euphemistically if there's no real evidence they were? Perhaps they just meant what they said?)
Considering the Korherr report, which is corroborated by a radio message by Herrmann Höfle -- the numbers match exactly --, it seems hard to deny that lots of Jews were brought to the "death camps". Korherr, as noted above, lived well into the seventies and did not deny having sent the report, though he didn't really know what it was about. So if we accept about 1,2 million Jews were sent to the camps as of 31/12/1942, there should be some reports of their whereabouts. Just some people recounting how they were sent to Treblinka and afterwards somewhere else, preferably to the east. If there is absolutely none, this is strange.
This is a crucial question to revisionism I think.
http://www.fpp.co.uk/History/General/Ko ... 1242.htmll
(Höfle-radio-message in English)
Exactly as stated, just make all references to their whereabouts disappear, easy! The report mentions nothing about killing people, why do you think they were? Why do you think evacuated means anything other than evacuated?
The only reason there is suspicion is because A: It has been bred into everyone and B: because some scumbag as hidden the documentaion that would tell us where they went. I think you make a mountain out of a molehill.
Just dig up the supposed murder sites if you doubt and I guarantee there 's nothing to be found to substantiate any of these lies and that's why they won't investigate.
Hi Hotzenplotz,
There are threads here about where these people went. Israel has millions of Ashkenazi (European) Jews. So does America. In America many came after the war. But many came before.
I read a lot of Raul Hilberg's Destruction of the European Jews, and it's clear he has no integrity as a scholar. He will cite a reference to something on the top of say, page 252, of some book, but at the bottom of page 252, there's a ridiculous lie from the same writer that no one would believe. That's how he works. He uses Wernik, Gerstein, Rajzman, et al.
Just like the Jewish American Jack Friedlander who found himself in the position of an interrogator (quelle coincidence,) Jewish-American Raul Hilberg found himself going over all the war documentations. As Turpitz makes the point: there weren't a lot of revisionists doing the same thing.
Considering Hilberg's lack of integrity, and the importance of documents as you're pointing out, look at one of the people that went over those documents:
RAUL HILBERG received his doctorate in Public Law and Government at Columbia University. He was a memeber of the War Documentation Project in the Federal Records Center at Alexandria, Virginia, ......
Raul Hilberg, Destruction of the European Jews. 1961 version. Quadrangle Books. First page of the book.
What do you think Friedlander or Hilberg would do if they were looking at an original document that supported the "no holocaust" position?
Carto & Turpitz, thanks for your answers.
Carto's Cutlass Supreme wrote: There are threads here about where these people went. Israel has millions of Ashkenazi (European) Jews. So does America. In America many came after the war. But many came before.
My question wasn't the "If they weren't exterminated how come there are so few left in Europe?" - question, but more specifically related to the death camps. If people were not killed there they must have gone somewhere else and there should be some personal reports.
Turpitz, your reasons "A" and "B" can explain why we don't have those reports right now. I'm not saying revisionism is dead if you, or we, can't find some explanation as to their whereabouts now. But eventually, revisionists should come up with some reports of Treblinka-survivors.
I share your impression that orthodox historians only collect evidence supporting the traditional storyline. But complaining won't help revisionists in the end... the evidence needs to be found.
Postby Richard Perle » 1 decade 4 years ago (Sat May 07, 2005 8:06 pm)
That's a question that has crossed my mind. Revisionists have written plenty about how documents were withheld from the defense at the war crimes trials, and I think documents dealing with this particular issue would be some of the most important documents to get rid of if you wanted to show extermination. With deception on the part of the allies thoroughly documented by revisionists I don't think any other accusation of deception is going to far. But you would think that evidence of these settlments in Russia would have leaked out over the years.
I found what Mattogno/Graf in their "Treblinka - Extermination Camp or Transit Camp?" have to say on the topic:
Since Treblinka was much too small to be able to accommodate the large number of Jews deported there at the same time, the transit camp thesis is, in fact, the single plausible alternative to the conventional picture of the extermination camp. Tertium non datur - no third possibility is given.
That Treblinka served as a transit camp is proven, but for the most part we are still in the dark as to the details (the number of those resettled, their destinations, and their fate during the war and afterwards). In coming years, the improving access to archives in the successor states of the Soviet Union will hopefully make it possible for researchers to shed more and more light into this darkness. When we speak of researcher, we of course mean the revisionists, for their opponents will hardly be doing this task.
http://www.vho.org/GB/Books/t/index.html#toc
I finally see what you're asking. If they went East. And they didn't stay atTreblinka, and the Korrherr report states that millions went East, then where did they go?
Postby Hannover » 1 decade 4 years ago (Sat May 07, 2005 11:31 pm)
Oh yawn, gents.
This 'where did they go' line of questioning is illogical in the face of any indication they were murdered. Jews went where Jews are, that simple.
Jews absolutely poured out Europe after the war, and Jews poured out the USSR on their way to 'Israel'. Where does anyone think the millions of Jews in 'Israel' came from? Does anyone expect the Zionists to tell the truth as to their true origins? Get real, the judeo-supremacists/Zionists manufactured the absurd 'holocau$t' story, remember? And why would Jews tell of experiences which would not allow them the full benefits of the scam? The central theses of this thread is a non-argument.
We know there are plenty of train transport records TO various camps, we have none which show trains LEAVING. Why is that? Didn't trains go somewhere after their trips to the alleged 'death camps'? Does anyone really think the Germans didn't keep records of where their trains went, full or empty? Are we to believe these trains were simply parked forever, are we to be believe the evil Germans destroyed the trains? The lack of these outgoing train records is damning to the story.
Postby Carto's Cutlass Supreme » 1 decade 4 years ago (Sun May 08, 2005 12:15 am)
Do you think many Jews temporarily immigrated to the Soviet Union, and that this was kept a secret or not reported by the Soviet Union in order to keep the pro-war sentiment in the West of rescuing Jews trapped in Europe?
Then after the war, they immigrated to Israel, but when the cold war hit and Israel allied with the US, then that immigration to Israel was covered up too because any connection with the USSR looked bad?
Considering that the holocaust story was in the works by late '42, maybe the the NKVD made it secret how many Jews were accepted into the USSR to help the holocaust story.
Postby Hannover » 1 decade 4 years ago (Sun May 08, 2005 2:24 am)
The Soviets definitely hid the deportations and then claimed the Germans had killed them. We hear it all the time .... 'the towns were wiped out by the Germans', blah, blah, blah....with no such evidence to support the claims.
The Zionists/Communist used the bogus claims as an excuse to bring about a real holocaust against the Germans.
The Allies in general bought into the propaganda as a cover for their genocidal policies. And we all know that 'Israel' is using the lies to silence criticism of their genocidal ethnic cleansing policies against the Palestinians.
'Israel' has always been 'allied' with the US. Some Jews, not all, went to 'Israel', many obviously went to the US, plus other countries. The Zionist agencies used the later 'save the Jews of the USSR' campaign, for money (yes, the US taxpayers again paid the bill) and to dilute the Palestinian population. The Zionists necessarily hid the true numbers for reasons which benefit them. Remember, they created the 'holocau$t' lies. Would they really speak truthfully about the numbers and origins of Jews to Israel or anywhere else for that matter? They can't let that mythical '6,000,000' appear anymore absurd than it already does.
Yep. And who was head of the NKVD? Need I say more?
Postby Hotzenplotz » 1 decade 4 years ago (Sun May 08, 2005 6:49 am)
Hannover wrote: This 'where did they go' line of questioning is illogical in the face of any indication they were murdered. Jews went where Jews are, that simple.
Are we to believe these trains were simply parked forever, are we to be believe the evil Germans destroyed the trains? The lack of these outgoing train records is damning to the story.
Hi Hannover,
I don't agree completely with you. The lack of the records for the trains that left is a good revisionist point, but the disappearance of the Treblinka-deportees still seems strange. I don't try to make an overall assessment of the revisionist position, it's just one point that needs to be addressed. From a strategical point of few, it won't help revisionists much to say that it's obvious anyway (exterminationists are much better at that). Revisionists in order to be successful will have to provide much better evidence than the orthodox hinstorians. That's unfair, but life is unfair...
I agree that they may have emmigrated to Israel, USA etc. later but where were the death camp deportees brought to by the Nazis? You don't believe they just left the camp by foot at the opposite side after being shaved? They must have been brought somewhere, and if the Korherr report is right, somewhere to the east. 1,2 million should have been noticed by the local population, even if the Jews stayed only for a couple of years...
J William
Postby J William » 1 decade 4 years ago (Sun May 08, 2005 6:58 am)
In the 1980s I heard a Jewish New York City radio station commentator lamenting the fact that there were only 500,000 Jews left in the USSR. Since then approximately 2 million Jews have emigrated from the former USSR and there are many "left behind". I think the question shouldn't be "Where Did They Go?" but " Where Did They Come From?".


text:
Covid-19 crisis offers travel sector opportunity to be better
By LEESAN
Saturday, 25 Apr 2020
8:00 AM MYT
Has coronavirus stopped all flights? — Photos: LEESAN
In the past I used to take about 100 flights a year. Today, as countries around the world keep their borders closed to contain the spread of Covid-19, almost all passenger flights have been cancelled with many planes grounded.
Thousands of aircraft are now parked at airport aprons around the world, which is quite a rare sight to behold albeit a little disheartening. We understand that all this is absolutely necessary in order to win the war against the coronavirus, so I try to think of it in a different way: Perhaps the planes, like me, are taking a good rest to prepare for the next big take off.
A senior flight captain friend of mine told me: "After being a pilot for 28 years, I would say I fully sympathise with the company today. To be fair, a six-month no-pay leave is acceptable, but tens of thousands of flight attendants and landside partners have also been dismissed at the same time, showing that the situation is getting really serious now."
Even though airline companies are reluctant to cut salaries and terminate employment of people they regard as family, there's hardly any other option. With all flights grounded there is an abrupt interruption of cash flow. Companies have no choice but to save themselves from going bust (though some national carriers seem to fare better).
As for private airlines, in particular low-cost carriers, they can only wait and pray for the best.
The global aviation industry's revenue is expected to drop a record of US$312bil (RM1.3tril) this year. Many may have to look to their governments to bail them out or opt for a merger. However, a merger may then create a monopoly in airfare control which in turn will affect consumers.
Could such an immense "paused" warning be a signal that someone out there is trying to show us?
The omnipotent and omnipresent coronavirus is already dealing a severe blow to the tourism industry as well as the related service sectors. The domino effect is felt across a broad range of industries including aviation, cruise lines, logistics, hotels, F&B, theme parks, tourist attractions, shopping streets and travel agencies, forcing them to cut salaries, lay off workers and possibly go into liquidation.
A marked uptick in food delivery services during the pandemic.Despite the fact that the government has come up with a stimulus package to help SMEs (small and medium-sized enterprises) during the crisis, I feel that the amount is rather small and it may not help. If the government takes a deeper look into our tourism industry, we cover 4.7 million of the workforce and 99% of them are Malaysians. We are one of the industries which aided the country in transforming its dependence on primary and secondary sectors, becoming an economy that focuses on the service sector. However during this pandemic, we are also the industry that is "first to sink, and last to float".
Hence, the government's provision of subsidy and stimulus plans should take into account our longer-than-usual recovery period and impact to the economy. It is especially important, too, to retain the younger generation in the workforce, as well as providing aid to female employees.
I would like to humbly present my suggestion: The government should subsidise 60% of the wages for employees who are in the tourism industry, with the highest amount being RM3,000; the employers will bear 20% and the employees themselves will self-absorb the other 20%. This is to be implemented for nine months.
With my business and academic backgrounds, I am more inclined to have an optimistic outlook at this situation. I like to think of this as a momentary break for us to retune our business strategies.
The development of a successful vaccine is nowhere near completion, which means this situation may continue longer than expected. We may not be able to travel freely for at least another six to 12 months due to this pandemic. Therefore, even if we were to migrate our business to an online platform, it would not be effective or helpful in the short run.
However, I am confident that everything will turn out well in the end.
In The Book Of Chuang Tzu about the "spitting fishes", there's a line that goes, "When the springs dry up, the fish have to cluster together on the shore, gasping on each other to keep damp and spitting on each other to stay wet."
This means that during tough times, both business owners and their employees must be more reciprocal in helping and relieving each other, to share the burden and pull through the crisis through mutual trust and patience. Fear not, we shall rise again!
Some business owners may not be able to wait for the arrival of government subsidies. In the United States, more than 22 million people are living on unemployment benefits each month. A Chinese-American friend of mine said, "There's anxiety everywhere in the US, much more now than after 9-11. In March alone, 2.5 million guns were sold. That's very unusual!"
The Italians, Spaniards and Indians have not fared better. I hope that it is just a brief three- to six-month hiatus for countries like China, Japan and Malaysia. Even if the situation gets worse, as long as the political and financial systems remain intact, we can always start everything fresh. What is more important now is to treasure our own lives as well as our families while planning our next moves. So, just be patient.
In the past few weeks, we have been praising our frontline doctors and nurses for everything they are doing for us. But we also owe a lot to online shopping platforms and delivery services. After this whole thing has come to pass, will we still spend hours eating out at restaurants and tea houses? I'm sure many will still count on the delivery riders for their daily necessities.
Because of lockdowns, curfews and social distancing measures adopted by nations across the world, at least we have had some good news for the environment. Fishes are back in the Venetian canals, the Himalayas are no longer shrouded in smog, you can drink straight from the Ganges river, Wuhan is getting healthier now and the sky over Kuala Lumpur is blue again. Our Earth has been purged of pollutants, but have our souls too attained enlightenment?
Don't worry my friends, all this will come to pass for sure. However it's the start of a completely different way of life. As the Chinese saying goes, "we must learn to follow the good way and abandon the evil". And as Winston Churchill once said, "Never let a good crisis go to waste."
The views expressed are entirely the writer's own.
Leesan, the founder of Apple Vacations, has travelled to 133 countries, six continents and enjoys sharing his travel stories and insights. He has also authored two books.
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text:
NFL Betting Tips
By Casino Guy | 8 February 2021 | 0
In the following section we will prepare you for the coming season and give you useful tips on betting in the NFL. From betting strategies to the peculiarities of NFL to favorite rankings, you are well looked after – and of course we provide weekly expert tips
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Sports popular with bookmakers such as tennis , ice hockey , handball and basketball rank even higher, but NFL is behind them. Sometimes the bets are hidden from the providers and can only be found with several clicks or an explicit search. However, there is no modern bookmaker that does not have NFL betting in its program, at least none of the bookmakers we tested.
In principle, no provider deserves special mention. We can recommend all bookmakers from our comparison of providers without exception. Our NFL betting experts will tell you about current games which bookmaker is most worthwhile at the moment. On top of that, you can often earn a hefty betting amount by opening a new player account, as the betting partners we recommend always offer new sports customers an attractive welcome bonus .
Bet on who will win or on individual games, players or goals. NFL bets are not only interesting at the time of the Super Bowl, because the season is long and yet entertaining. By the way, we not only compare the Super Bowl betting odds, but also those for each game. The best odds can then be found in our NFL tips.
The most popular betting markets in the NFL
In NFL, the betting offer differs significantly from other sports. Compared to Formula 1 , eSports or darts , the range of NFL bets is significantly lower. As is usually the case with American games, there is no tie in NFL games, which limits the options to win or lose. If unequal teams meet, the better team is given a handicap. There are usually several handicap bets to choose from, depending on how much advantage a team is expected to have.
There is also a whole range of different betting markets on the individual quarters (4 x 15 minutes), as well as over / under bets on the entire playing time and of course on the four quarters. Long-term or seasonal bets are also very popular with NFL fans, as it has often happened in the past that an underdog team was able to win the Super Bowl. This means that high yields can sometimes be achieved with low risk and the right nose.
The long-term bets also include tips on the respective division winners and the eventual conference winners. Here, too, there are sometimes high odds, provided you bet on the right team with your NFL bets.
The National Football League – the stony path to the top-selling professional league in the world
NFL is a sport that has a long tradition that has lasted for over 120 years. In the USA, the sport attracted large crowds as early as 1900. Even then, games between university teams often had more than 100,000 spectators.
The professional league NFL was founded a long time later, in 1920. The participating teams only competed against each other sporadically in the first few years of the NFL. It took more than another decade for it to become a real football league. The NFL was divided into two divisions for the first time in 1933. The winners of the respective leagues played a final at that time.
The next important development of the sport was the introduction of a player selection process, the so-called draft (from 1936), so that the clubs did not constantly outbid each other when it came to signing college players who had come into focus. In the very first draft, the weakest team of the season at the time was awarded the first right to vote for the next season, in order to be able to choose the best college player from their point of view.
The next big step in the development of the NFL came in the 1960s. The option of broadcasting via television suddenly offered the NFL completely new marketing opportunities to increase the reach of the professional league. However, the greater audience interest aroused at the same time desires among rich business people, who immediately recognized the potential.
After rich entrepreneurs tried in vain to buy their way into the NFL to get some of the cake, they set up their own league, the NFL League AFL . This split the supporters in two camps for a few years, until both leagues decided in 1966 to merge the NFL and AFL, which was planned for 1970. The two-way nature of the competing leagues had previously had a major impact on the draft and drove player salaries up in a very short time.
For the transition period, the NFL and AFL agreed on a joint draft, as well as the staging of an annual final, the Super Bowl . Super Bowl bets are now a highlight of the year for bookmakers.
The NFL was divided into the National Football Conference (NFC) consisting of 13 former NFL clubs and the NFL Conference (AFC), which was formed from 3 old NFL teams and 10 AFL teams. For this purpose, the divisions were divided into West, Central and East, each with four or five teams. Since then, the success of NFL, especially the modern National Football League, has been unstoppable.
No other sport has as much money flowing into it as NFL. Not even the top leagues of European football come close to the financial transactions of the American professional league. With a turnover of around 13 billion US dollars per year, the NFL is by some distance the top-selling sports league in the world. We follow this development with our NFL tips and NFL bets.
NFL rules of the game
The rules of the game in NFL are complex. We have summarized the most important basic rules for you to make it clear what excites players and spectators all over the world about this sport. In doing so, we specifically address the rules of the NFL.
Matchfield
The active playing field (grid iron) in NFL is exactly 100 yards long (1 yard = 0.914 meters) and divided into ten sections, each measuring 10 yards. The width of the playing field measures 53 yards, or 48.46 meters. In addition, there is an end zone in each half of the game, which measures another 10 yards and closes the playing field at both ends.
At the far end of the two end zones is the goal, a padded post measuring 10 feet (3.05 meters) with a crossbar at its upper end NFL towers 35 feet (10.66 meters) into the sky. There are 18.5 feet (5.56 meters) between the two vertical poles.
Playing time of an NFL game
The playing time in the NFL is 60 minutes and is divided into four quarters of 15 minutes each. After 30 minutes, i.e. two completed quarters, there is a half-time break of a maximum of 20 minutes. Live bets are possible during the entire season, all other NFL bets around the clock.
Game start – line-up, coin toss, kickoff and kickoff return
Each team consists of an attack line (offense), a defense line (defense) and a special team. On the field there is always an attacking and a defending team, each consisting of 11 players. At the beginning of the game, the right to attack is drawn between the teams (coin toss), and the game begins with the kickoff of the first defending team and the subsequent kickoff return of the attacking team.
The special teams of a team always start a game. After half-time, the right to attack automatically changes to the team that had to defend first at the start of the game. After the kickoff, the attacking team tries first to carry the ball back as far as possible (kickoff return).
At the point at which the ball catcher is stopped, the actual offensive game starts. Only in the rarest of cases does the ball catcher manage to run directly into the end zone of the opposing team in order to score a touchdown . Picking the correct touchdown scorer is one of the most popular NFL bets.
Course of the game – First down in four turns
The attack line always has four plays (downs) available to overcome 10 yards and achieve a first down. A first down means the offensive gets four new attempts to approach the opponent's end zone. In order to gain space, the attacking team has the option of passing and running (rushing or running).
Object of the game – A touchdown is worth the most points
The aim of the attacking team is to bring the ball (football) into the opponent's end zone in order to score a touchdown (6 points). After each touchdown, the successful team has the chance to earn an additional point (PAT = Point After Touchdown).
In this case, the ball must be kicked through the bars of the goal in another move. With the so-called two-point conversion , the team also has the option of getting two points after a touchdown. This extra option of the point after touchdown is rarely used due to the significantly lower chances of success, mostly with very tight scores.
The most common NFL bets are on the result, number of points earned and point difference, but NFL bets are also possible on individual players and their touchdowns.
Field Goal – The alternative to touchdown
If the ball is kicked through the goal posts during a regular play (field goal), which can often go to waste during a game, the attacking team is awarded 3 points.
This option is chosen by attacking teams when they have not gained enough space for a first down and the attack line is immediately in front of the opposing team's end zone. Field goals are also a separate category at NFL betting.
Don't risk anything anymore – initiate points and turnover
However, if the offense is still far from the opposing end zone after its third attack attempt, the attacking team usually decides to change attack and shoots the ball (punt) with the last remaining move (4th down) as far as possible into the opposing side Half.
Rapid attack change through interception or fumble
A change of attack (turnover) can also occur during a regular play, for example if a quarterback pass is intercepted by the defense (interception) or the ball is dropped by an offensive player (fumble) and the ball is considered free.
Safety – push back the attack team and score with the defense
The last chance to score points in football is what is known as safety. There is a reward of two points if the defense succeeds in bringing down the player on the attacking team in their own end zone. In the case of a safety, the quarterback is usually caught. Safety bets are one of the special bets of NFL bets.
Obey the rules of the game, otherwise penalties are imminent
Many additional rules apply to the regular course of play in the NFL. Rule violations are usually punished by the referees with different yard or field penalties and / or a repetition of the attempt.
The rules of the NFL are complex and sometimes situations arise during games that are in the rulebook but few fans should know. If, for example, a two-point conversion is intercepted by the defense and carried into the end zone of the attacking team, the touchdown is only scored with two points. The same applies to the point after touchdown, which ends with a safety .
For this, the kick for the extra point would have to fail in such a way that the ball is caught by the defense and the player in his own end zone goes to the ground with the ball. Should such a strange scene occur, the attacking team receives a point for safety.
Another rule that is rarely used is for the onside kick . If the ball does not cross the required 10 yards on the first attempt and accidentally lands outside, the kick may be repeated. If you try again, this must not happen again, because then this rule no longer applies.
How many players does an NFL team have?
An NFL team can have a maximum of 90 players under contract. Each team member is assigned to a certain category, which differentiates between active, inactive, practice squad, reserve, physically restricted, injured or suspended.
Before each game of the regular season and the playoffs, a team must determine 46 active players and 7 inactive players, who the head coach can refer to in the later game. The players are permanently assigned to the offense, defense or special teams.
Players can be swapped in and out on each move. Most players only master one, but sometimes two positions, which can be assigned to the individual parts of the team as follows:
Offense (attacking team)
Quarterback, Halfback, Fullback, Tailback, H-Back, Tight End, Wide Receiver, Tackle, Guard, Center
Defense (defending team)
Defensive Tackle, Defensive End, Linebacker, Conerback, Strong Safety, Free Safety, Dimeback, Nickelback
Kicker, Kickoff Specialist, Punter, Kicking Specialist, Long Snapper, Holder, Kick Returner, Punt Returner, Return Specialist
League structure and current game mode of the NFL
The National Football League has never really stood still since its inception in 1920. Changes shaped the American professional league as it presents itself today. In 100 years there have been a number of rule changes and adjustments to gaming operations that have made NFL and NFL betting more exciting and interesting for viewers.
Over the years, new teams have been added to the league, so that 32 teams are now starting the regular season. A large part of the North American continent is thus covered by NFL teams and offers the masses of NFL enthusiasts the chance to watch their teams' games live.
The only thing the supporters have to worry about is that the clubs will be sold to another city for economic reasons due to the franchise system. Most recently, the Cleveland Browns were included in the NFL in 1999, followed by the Houston Texans in 2002, which was officially communicated as "final". For a long time (1966), league operations have been divided into the two conferences AFC (NFL Conference) and NFC (National Football Conference). Since the Houston Texans were admitted, each conference consists of four divisions, which are divided into North, South, West and East. Each division has four teams and countless NFL bets.
In your NFL bets you may have A. also the possibility to bet on the winners of individual divisions and conferences.
Draft and pre-season
The new season actually starts with the NFL Draft, a selection process that is used once a year by all NFL teams to equip themselves with the best young players at the end of the university semester and shortly after the Super Bowl. College players must have been out of high school for at least three years to be eligible for the NFL.
Most of the young players have spent a full four years at university and are therefore no longer eligible to play in college. The draft offers especially weaker NFL teams a good opportunity to strengthen themselves for the coming season with fresh players from the university.
The two-day selection process took place for the 84th time for the 2019/20 season. The clubs selected a total of 254 players in seven rounds. As the weakest team in the preseason, the Arizona Cardinals were the first to select a talent. The choice fell on quarterback Kyler Murray, who played at the University of Oklahoma and was voted the most valuable player in the past college season.
After the NLF draft, football fans will have to wait several months before the regular season finally starts. Before that, the teams have the opportunity to try out new players and tactics on four match days in the pre-season before the regular season really starts in autumn.
NFL bets are also possible during the preseason. Although these are actually friendly games, NFL betting is so popular that bookmakers have long since followed suit.
NFL Regular Season
The regular season always begins in September (autumn). Since 2002 the season has started with 32 teams. Each of the 32 teams played 16 games in the regular season. When planning a matchday, you have to take a closer look to understand the mode of the NFL .
There are three back and forth games against teams from their own division. Six further games result from an annual rotation process of the individual divisions, resulting in three duels against a changing division of the AFC (e.g. AFC North) and three additional duels against a division of the NFC (e.g. NFC East).
In the NFL mode, the other game days are based on the previous season's performance. Within their own conference (AFC or NFC), one team plays with two matches from the previous season, each with a round trip. For example, the third-placed AFC North meets the third-placed AFC South and the third-placed AFC East.
What is a matter of course for those familiar with the National Football League looks extremely complicated to the untrained eye even on closer inspection. This refers to the NFL playoffs, which determine the conference champion from the AFC and NFC every year before the two conference winners duel for the championship in the grand finale, the annual Super Bowl.
In principle, six AFC and NFC teams each qualify after the regular season has been completed. From the four divisions of the two competing conferences, the respective division winner qualifies, as well as two other teams that have the best win ratio in their conference this season.
These two teams move into the first playoff round, the so-called wildcard round, as wildcard teams. If two or more teams have the same win ratio, which happens quite often, the tie-break rule applies. The teams are compared according to a fixed order, starting with the direct duels against each other.
While the two best teams in a conference receive a bye based on their win ratio for the wildcard round and get automatic home rights for the second playoff round, the divisional round, the weaker division winners must first assert themselves against the wildcard teams to get into to move into the second round of the playoffs. The pairings are determined by the win ratio achieved during the regular season.
The team with the highest percentage win rate meets the team with the lowest win rate. In the divisional round, i.e. the second playoff round, the teams for the conference final are determined. The team with the best performance of the season has home rights for the conference final. The conference winner moves into the Super Bowl, which always takes place in a neutral location, and plays for the NFL championship.
The most important dates of the 2020/21 NFL season
April 23-25: NFL Draft in Las Vegas
August 6-9: Hall of Fame weekend in Canton
September 5: Final nomination of the 53-man squad
September 10: Opening game of the regular season (Kansas City Chiefs vs. Houston Texans)
January 3, 2021: Last day of the regular season
9-10 January 2021: Wildcard Round
16.-17. January 2021: Divisional Round
January 24, 2021: Championship Round
January 31, 2021: Pro Bowl
February 7, 2021: Super Bowl LV in Tampa Bay
Corona effect: special features of the 2020/21 season
The coronavirus is currently limiting the lives of many people worldwide and does not stop at the NFL. The billion-dollar league also has to bow to national security measures. It took a long time for the football franchises to agree on a corona concept. All the basic data have now been clarified.
Corona opt-out
However, the effect of the pandemic could already be felt before the start of the 2020/21 season. After all, 66 professionals made use of their right to "Corona opt-out": They will not participate in the coming season, either for personal or medical reasons. The hardest hit by these opt-outs was the NFL powerhouse: the New England Patriots. A total of eight professionals quit the service for 2020/21!
Mass tests, mask requirement & Co.
The rest of the league has to follow strict Corona rules from now on: Even before the start of the season, the 8,739 players and NFL coaches were tested, a total of 58,621 times. Ten positive results were recorded – a pleasantly mild number.
For the course of the 2020/21 season, similar rules apply in the NFL as in the Bundesliga: mask requirement, strict distance requirements, etc. If professionals test positive in play, they must be isolated immediately, put into quarantine and at least 10 Days remain or show at least two negative test results after five days.
Hardly any fans
According to the current status (September 2020), the majority of the NFL franchises do not allow fans to enter. Only six teams open their doors:
Jacksonville Jaguars (16,800 spectators)
Kansas City Chiefs (16,000 spectators)
Miami Dolphins (13,900 spectators)
Cleveland Browns (6,700 spectators)
Indiana Colts (2,500 spectators)
Dallas Cowboys (unclear)
The NFL will also forego the planned international games in London and Mexico City.
Of course, the NFL protocol also provides some guidelines that seem quite strange. For example, the explicit prohibition of cheerleading and mascot appearances. Or the ban on whistles for referees, who instead receive a whistle button that they operate manually. The few reporters present are not allowed to enter the field and do not come near the players. Interviews are to be held partly via cell phone conversation. Michele Latoya, NFL reporter for NBC, commented on the restriction by saying, "For the first time in my life, I'm going to have binoculars with me!"
One of the few beneficiaries of the crisis is Josh McCown: The semi-retired quarterback was signed by the Philadelphia Eagles as a kind of "corona insurance". The old master now trains in the Training Squad, far away from the NFL game operations. Should the Eagles break out, McCow would move up as a healthy quarterback. The franchise pays $ 12,000 per week for this security.
All 32 NFL teams at a glance – Conference & Division
NFL Conference (AFC)
Pittsburg Steelers
National Football Conference (NFC)
Dallas Cowbows
Philidelphia Eagles
Stadiums and average attendance and the NFL teams (before Corona)
Dallas Cowbows (AT&T Stadium / average 91,619 spectators / occupancy 91.6%)
New York Jets (MetLife Stadium / average 77,892 spectators / occupancy 94.5%)
Green Bay Packers (Lambeau Field / average 77,834 spectators / occupancy 95.6%)
New York Giants (MetLife Stadium / average 76,940 spectators / occupancy 93.3%)
Denver Broncos (Broncos Stadium at Mile High / average 76,446 spectators / occupancy 100.4%)
Kansas City Chiefs (Arrowhead Stadium / average 75,972 spectators / occupancy 99.4%)
Carolina Panthers (Bank of America Stadium / average 73,772 spectators / occupancy 100%)
New Orleans Saints (Mercedes-Benz Superdome / average 73,051 spectators / occupancy 100.1%)
Atlanta Falcons (Mercedes-Benz Stadium / average 72,898 spectators / occupancy 97.2%)
Los Angeles Rams (Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum / average 72,429 spectators / occupancy 77.4%)
Houston Texans (NRG Stadium / average 71,804 spectators / occupancy 99.7%)
Baltimore Ravens (M&T Bank Stadium / average 70,431 spectators / occupancy 99.2%)
Philadelphia Eagles (Lincoln Financial Field / average 69,969 spectators / occupancy 100.1%)
San Francisco 49ers (Levi's Stadium / average 69,148 spectators / occupancy 100.9%)
Seattle Seahawks (CenturyLink Field / average 69,001 spectators / occupancy 100.4%)
Minnesota Vikinks (US Bank Stadium / average 66,811 spectators / occupancy 99.9%)
Jacksonville Jaguars (TIAA Bank Field / average 66,674 spectators / occupancy 98.3%)
New England Patriots (Gillette Stadium / average 65,878 spectators / occupancy 100%)
Cleveland Browns (FirstEnergy Stadium / average 65,765 spectators / occupancy 97.5%)
Miami Dolphins (Hard Rock Stadium / average 65,560 spectators / occupancy 101.2%)
Buffalo Bills (New Era Field / average 64,961 spectators / occupancy 90.4%)
Tennessee Titans (Nissan Stadium / average 64,520 spectators / occupancy 93.3%)
Pittsburgh Steelers (Heinz Field / average 63,456 spectators / occupancy 92.8%)
Detroit Lions (Ford Field / average 62,757 spectators / occupancy 97.3%)
Arizona Cardinals (State Farm Stadium / average 62,013 spectators / occupancy 95.4%)
Chicago Bears (Soldier Field / average 61,343 spectators / occupancy 99.7%)
Washington Redskins (FedEx Field / average 61,028 spectators / occupancy 74.4%)
Indianapolis Colts (Lucas Oil Stadium / average 59,199 spectators / occupancy 94%)
Tampa Bay Buccaneers (Raymond James Stadium / average 54,356 spectators / occupancy 82.8%)
Oakland Raiders (RingCentral Coliseum / average 54,061 spectators / occupancy 96.5%)
Cincinnati Bengals (Paul Brown Stadium / average 50,753 spectators / occupancy 77.5%)
Los Angeles Chargers (Dignity Health Sports Park / average 25,406 spectators / occupancy 94.1%)
Interesting facts about NFL betting and NFL
Most Successful Teams in the NFL – Which team has the most NFL championships and Super Bowl wins?
The success story of the NFL championships goes back to the founding year 1920. In the first years (until 1933) there were no finals, so the team with the most wins of the season was automatically named NFL champions. In the years from 1933 to 1966, the NFL still had its own championship.
The master was played in a championship game between the winner of the Western Conference and the winner of the Eastern Conference. From 1966 the championship was played as a World Championship Game for the first time between the best teams of the NFL and the AFC, before four seasons later, from the 1970/71 season, the combined game operation with NFL / AFC teams started.
Officially, the name for the Super Bowl was first used in the 1969 final. Due to the fact that the four championships during the transition phase in the years between 1966/67 and 1969/70 were held according to the current pattern, the winning teams of these seasons are already counted as Super Bowl winners.
The legendary winner's trophy, the Vince Lombardy Trophy, was named after the coach of the Green Bay Packers, who was the first to win the Super Bowl with a team in 1967.
If the team successes are based on the NFL championships and winning the Super Bowl, the Green Bay Packers are the most successful NFL team in history with 9 NFL championships and 4 Super Bowl victories. But if the focus is only on most of the Super Bowl successes, the Patriots and the Pittsburgh Steelers head the list of the most frequent winners with 6 titles.
National Football League champions overview:
Green Bay Packers (13 NFL championships, 4 Super Bowl wins)
Chigaco Bears (9 NFL championships, 1 Super Bowl win)
New York Giants (8 NFL championships, 4 Super Bowl wins)
Pittsburgh Steelers (6 NFL championships, 6 Super Bowl wins)
New England Patriots (6 NFL championships, 6 Super Bowl wins)
Dallas Cowboys (5 NFL championships, 5 Super Bowl wins)
San Francisco 49ers (5 NFL championships, 5 Super Bowl wins)
Washington Redskins (5 NFL championships, 3 Super Bowl wins)
Indianapolis Colts (4 NFL championships, 2 Super Bowl wins)
Philadelphia Eagles (4 NFL championships, 1 Super Bowl win)
Detroit Lions (4 NFL championships, 0 Super Bowl wins)
Cleveland Browns (4 NFL championships, 0 Super Bowl wins)
Oakland Raiders (3 NFL championships, 3 Super Bowl wins)
Denver Broncos (3 NFL championships, 3 Super Bowl wins)
Los Angeles Rams (3 NFL championships, 1 Super Bowl win)
Miami Dolphins (2 NFL championships, 2 Super Bowl wins)
Baltimore Ravens (2 NFL championships, 2 Super Bowl wins)
Kansas City Chiefs (2 NFL championships, 2 Super Bowl wins)
Arizona Cardinals (2 NFL championships, 0 Super Bowl wins)
Canton Bulldogs (2 NFL championships, 0 Super Bowl wins)
New York Jets (1 NFL championship, 1 Super Bowl win)
Tampa Bay Buccaneers (1 NFL championship, 1 Super Bowl win)
New Orleans Saints (1 NFL championship, 1 Super Bowl win)
Seattle Seahawks (1 NFL championship, 1 Super Bowl win)
Akron Pros (1 NFL championships, 0 Super Bowl wins)
Cleveland Bulldogs (1 NFL championships, 0 Super Bowl wins)
Frankford Yellow Jackets (1 NFL championships, 0 Super Bowl wins)
Providence Steam Roller (1 NFL championships, 0 Super Bowl wins)
Most successful coach and player in the NFL
With eight Super Bowl wins to date, Bill Belichick is the NFL's most successful head coach . With the Patriots he won six NFL championships, before that he had already won two titles with the New York Giants.
On the side of the most successful NFL players , star quarterback Tom Brady is the record holder with six Super Bowl wins (all with the Patriots). One less title went to Charles Haley, who has already won the Vince Lombardy Trophy three times with the Dallas Cowboys and twice with the San Francisco 49ers.
Marketing the NFL
The enormous popularity of the National Football League and the worldwide interest in the "Sports Event of the Year" for football fans ensure that audience ratings are always new. More than 100,000 million TV viewers from North America alone are absolutely not uncommon. No wonder there are over a hundred different NFL bets for every NFL game.
It goes without saying that the NFL has a good negotiating position when it comes to marketing. The major American TV stations vie for the broadcasting rights of the Super Bowl every year, with the award alternating between Fox, CBS, NBC and ABC. Commercials during the Super Bowl are a big issue in the US. The cost of a 30-second spot during the Super Bowl has almost doubled over the past ten years. A decade ago, the price of a commercial was around $ 3 million, today companies are paying over $ 5 million.
FAQ – Frequently asked questions about the NFL and NFL Betting
What happens in the NFL if there is a tie?
The tie rule in the NFL has been changed several times since it was founded in 1920. In the regular season (outside of the playoffs) a draw was initially possible until 1973, before a 15-minute overtime was introduced for the first time in the 1974 season. However, it remained in a draw if neither team managed to score a point after two extra times.
Until 1971, a tie was rated as an "unplayed match", and it was not until the 1972 season that the NFL introduced the rule that a tie is rated with half a win or half a loss. Since the 2012 season there has been a new regulation of overtime. After another coin toss, the game continues until a team scores a touchdown or safety. In the event of an attack that is concluded with a field goal, the right to attack changes and play continues. If the game is still a draw after 15 minutes, the match will end in a draw.
Which team is the current Super Bowl winner?
The Patriots are currently defending champions in the NFL. The team around star quarterback Tom Brady won the 53rd edition of the Super Bowl (LIII) and thus celebrated the sixth NFL championship of the Patriots. At the Super Bowl final at the Mercedes-Benz Stadium in Atlanta, they defeated the Los Angeles Rams 13: 3. Wide receiver Julian Edelman was chosen as the most valuable player of the game (MVP).
What equipment do football players need?
NFL is a tough, physical contact sport. In order to practice the sport professionally, sensible protective clothing should be worn. The right equipment for a player includes: football helmet with face protection, shoulder pads, jersey, belt, gloves, pants with thigh and knee pads, football shoes.


Anyone Install Murph's Headlight Harness?
Looks pretty straight forward. Any tips or tricks?
Re: Anyone Install Murph's Headlight Harness?
Nothing really tricky. Hardest part for me was getting the relays mounted on the fairing stay (frame). As I recall, everything was pretty straightforward. Good luck!


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Eric Tinsay VALLES draws inspiration from all the places that he has called home. His poetry has been featured in & Words, Reflecting on the Merlion, Ceriph, Southeast Asian Review of English, Routledge's New Writing: The International Journal for the Practice and Theory of Creative Writing and other journals. His critical essays have appeared in The Asiatic and Writing Diaspora. He has been invited to read poetry or commentaries at Baylor, Melbourne and Oxford Universities. He has taken up writing residencies at the Vermont Studio Centre, Centrum (Washington) and Wellspring House (Massachusetts). He has won a Goh Sin Tub Creative Writing prize for poems that form the core of his second poetry collection, After the Fall (dirges among ruins). His previous poetry collection is A World in Transit.
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A private sanctuary, a guest suite, was created in the space above the garage. It is infused with an eclectic approach to design, combining new items with antiques and recycled, redefined articles.
The space, less than 650 sq feet, is lit with silk lanterns It boasts its own entrance, bathroom, and a luxurious queen sized bed. It even has a sleeping loft above the kitchen area. A hand painted floral screen is made from four folding panel doors. The space allows guests to enjoy their visits with true privacy. There is a wine refrigerator combo unit. The backsplash is made out of radiator grill panels.
A beautiful iron and wood "prie dieu", French prayer bench, is used as a footboard for the queen bed. Soft blue & muted chartreuse were used to paint the walls. The color palette inside changes to mimic the lush gardens and water outside the window, as the sun moves across the sky. So relax at the bistro table and chairs, sip a glass of wine, and enjoy the view of the pool below.


Basketball is the only major league and Olympic ballgame that was invented by North Americans. Its popularity in the U. S. is near mythic, matched only by baseball and football, and its players are icons and role models for American youth. Its appeal is universal, dissolving ethnic, demographic and regional barriers.
Bill Bamberger has traveled all across America taking pictures of hoops, from the deserts of Arizona to the inner city of New York. There are lonely hoops out on the prairie, hoops tacked to urban steel walls, hoops sandwiched in between the garage and the back yard. These stunning color photographs of hoops and courts all across America will appeal to anyone who loves basketball––and even those who don't––but who is fascinated by American culture and our ongoing love affair with the sport. These images of hoops connect us to the place of basketball in our lives––where we play it, how we feel about it, and what it means to us culturally.
Bill Bamberger is a photographer based in North Carolina whose work explores large social issues of our time. His Closing: The Life and Death of an American Factory was published to wide acclaim by The Center for Documentary Studies at Duke University with W. W. Norton. Richard B. Woodward is a critic and journalist based in New York who has written extensively about art and photography.