Auto World recently announced a collaboration with the estate of renowned hot rod culture artist Ed "Big Daddy" Roth to create a line of custom 1/64 scale slot cars, decked out in artwork featuring Roth's most notorious creation, Rat Fink!
Roth is known for popularizing the style of artwork inspired by the custom car and hot rod subculture, known as "Kustom Kulture." In the 1950s, Roth created the green rodent character called Rat Fink, and to this day, the Fink continues to embody the spirit of Kustom Kulture by flying in the face of convention!
XTraction Release 10 will feature two versions of six slot cars, each decked out in full-color Rat Fink themed artwork as well as custom pinstriping graphics. The slot car body styles featured in the release are the '69 Dodge Charger, the Ford Baja Bronco, the '55 Chevy Nomad, the Hummer H2, the '77 Pontiac Firebird and the '65 Volkswagen Samba Bus.
Very nice for Round 2, and cool.


– Inspiring and empowering others to step up.
– Building relationships and collaborative efforts.
• Practical ways to engage the community in the process, and to recruit, retain and reward volunteers.
• Experiential Leadership training methodology and structures.
Kat is the Chief Executive Officer of the Victorian Regional Community Leadership Programs Secretariat (VRCLP). Kat brings a wealth of experience in strategic planning, organisational design, human resource management, program design and implementation. Kat possesses strong research, analytic and evaluation skills and enjoys learning new technology to encourage best practice thinking and efficiencies across organisations she works with. Her current passion is learning all there is to learn about social impact measurement. A community enthusiast and social entrepreneur, Peter has worked with 2000+ communities across Australia and in 59 countries seeking to facilitate fresh and creative ways that stimulate community and local economic renewal. Motivated by the desire to create caring, healthy, inclusive and enterprising communities, Peter, through his organisation, the Bank of I.D.E.A.S (Initiatives for the Development of Enterprising Action and Strategies), helps communities spark their own ideas and invest themselves in building sustainable futures. In the last year, he has worked with 70 communities from Marble Bar to Margaret River, Launceston to Mission Bay, and convened community building conferences in Australia, India and New Zealand. A keen author, Peter has written 16 books on community and economic development, youth policy and enterprise. Peter's passion and purpose sees him traverse the globe continuously in his relentless desire to enable communities to discover their strengths and transform themselves. In 2003, Peter was awarded a Centenary Medal for services to rural Australia, and in 2017 was designated the West Australian Senior Person of the Year in recognition of his role as a social entrepreneur.


HE in London is an innovative website that provides a pan- London single point of contact for HE outreach in the capital. HE in London's aim is to make it as easy as possible for staff in schools and colleges, especially those that advise learners on their progression options, to find important information that will help them give the best advice to learners hoping to progress to higher education.
Please note that HE in London is not responsible for information concerning events offered through the activities page and we cannot take responsibility for the consequences of you using that information.


When you click the spyglass icon in a lookup cell, the Lookup window appears but you might not be able to select a lookup value.
This problem occurs in embedded related list Conga Grids. This is an issue with legacy Visualforce pages created with the Conga Grid setup wizards for embedded related lists.


text:
x OTT and SVOD
x Ofcom
Setanta
Sogecable
Amazon Prime on Sky Q: Now almost fully aggregated
By integrating Amazon's content, Sky tightens up its ecosystem. We now estimate that no more than 5% of Sky users have subscriptions to services that are not carried by Sky Q, excluding Now TV
The agreement may be a first step in closer co-operation, but Sky will be cautious to value the benefits and costs. Amazon's width of business makes it different from others it has made deals with
Sky is on its way to transform the relationship it has with content suppliers from a relatively simple wholesale model to something it now calls aggregation: this appears intrinsically more complex
UK economic outlook: The V-shaped recovery turns W
GDP growth slowed in August (+2.1%) from July (+6.4%), despite the boost to the hospitality sector from Eat Out to Help Out, while work from home (WFH) guidance remained in place for professional services.
WFH is providing resilience to B2B service verticals, thanks to the UK's digital capabilities, while decimating B2C businesses, whose resilience is threatened as loan and furlough support programmes wind down. Rising unemployment casts a pall over consumer demand in the first winter of the pandemic.
Online continues to power retail sales, as consumers replace out-of-home with in-home activities. Online grocery sales have leapt to 10% of all grocery sales—double the pre-pandemic levels.
WMG IPO: A bet on streaming
Investors warmly welcomed WMG's IPO of non-voting shares in March, valuing the company at $12.8bn, a 388% increase in the company's valuation since Len Blavatnik acquired it in 2011
Investors are placing a bet on music streaming. WMG's strength in the US market due to R&B and Hip-hop in its catalogue allowed it to outperform UMG and Sony on recorded music over 2015-19, an advantage that will dissipate when growth shifts to emerging markets
COVID-19 impacts explains WMG's 6% decline in recorded music revenues for calendar Q2 2020, despite an 8% rise in digital revenue, as revenues from physical sales (vinyl and CD) sank, and also those from artist services due to the halted 2020 live music season
Surging online retail: Record growth during lockdown
Over Q2, the value of online sales (excl. fuel) grew by 55%, whilst offline sales (excl. fuel) declined by 22%. Three months of lockdown has accelerated ecommerce by four years and households will spend more than ever before online, post-lockdown.
The rapid shift to ecommerce poses lofty challenges to UK retailers who have historically been timid in their approach to ecommerce. Integration between sales channels will become more important than ever before, but very few have managed to perfect this approach.
As more retail activity takes place online, ad products from the likes of Google, Amazon and Facebook stand to benefit greatly, pulling spend from other ad and marketing budgets that were aimed at driving in-store behaviours.
Online consumer reviews: Platforms reach for the stars
Online reviews are a vital input for consumer decision-making. However, reviews are easy to manipulate, and widespread fraud is undermining credibility and raising the issue of consumer protection.
Facebook, Google, and Amazon utilise reviews to improve the consumer experience, but also to sell advertising to businesses and to address fraud. These companies leverage their data superiority to better utilise reviews on their platforms, and possess a competitive advantage, versus sites like TripAdvisor, Yelp, and eBay.
Demand for expert opinion remains strong, yet is supplied only by publishers and Which?, a small segment in terms of share of traffic relative to platforms.
Broadcast television: Troubling trends in lockdown
Even with lockdown continuing and competition for time still almost non-existent, linear viewing is heading back towards 2019 levels after its big, early boost
The inevitable fatigue around COVID-19 news, along with the growing staleness of the TV schedule caused by content supply struggles, are behind the decline
Unmatched TV set use, made up predominantly of streaming and gaming, has held onto much of its growth, not affected by many of the challenges that linear schedules face. This trend will inform future viewing patterns
Amazon Q1 2020 results: profit growth takes a back seat
Amazon reported $75bn in net sales, which was largely in line with expectations, and 28% growth in Prime subscription revenue—as Amazon now has more than 150 million Prime subscribers worldwide—cementing its place as the irreplaceable utility for many in lockdown.
However, Q1 results only covered a few weeks of lockdown. Amazon expects low profitability in Q2 as lockdown persists in its main markets, with customer expenditure focused on a narrow basket of essentials as people face pressures from unemployment and business closures.
Amazon's warehouses are a key vulnerability in the time of COVID-19. Jeff Bezos pledged $4bn to keep workers safe and warehouses in function, though whether this is enough to placate government's and workers' concerns is yet to be seen.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Today we are excited to present our first Vendor Feature of the 2018 Bridal Series! Eight Things Your Photographer Wants you to Know was written by Emily Schell, the creative mastermind and talented photographer behind Emily B Photography. Emily's extensive experience and attention to detail is why she is one of our preferred vendors at South Pond Farms. From timing suggestions to lighting considerations, this is a must read blog feature for all couples about to tie the knot!
Hey there friends! Thanks for tuning in! Today I'm excited to share a few tips and tricks to make your wedding day run smoothly and to get the best photos possible. In my 7+ years of photographing weddings, I've learned a few things and I'd like to pass this knowledge on to you! If you're a bride, grab a pen and paper!
Everything takes longer than you think on a wedding day. Weddings can often feel rushed and it makes your day less relaxing when you are trying to do a thousand things. Try to do as much as you can before the day of the wedding so that when the time comes, you can sit back & relax and enjoy your day! It only happens once, so don't be afraid to delegate people to do things for you – that's what your bridal party is for! Ask your hair dresser and makeup artist how much time they will need per person to get everything done on time. A lot of brides will opt to have their hair done last, but I would recommend being second or third. That way you won't have to stress about whether there will be enough time, and you will be able to relax and have a drink. You will also be able to 'test out' your style and make adjustments as needed before you leave the salon (or before the hair stylists leave your house). Usually the makeup artists will stick around to give you a touch up before they leave as well. I've been to many weddings where hair and makeup was running behind and we had to cut down on photo time because of this. Once at a wedding, one of the bridesmaids had a faulty zipper on her dress and the dress had to be taken apart and resewn onto her while she was wearing it. This summer I was shooting a wedding and we were on our way to the ceremony and someone realized that the veil got left at home, so we had to turn around and go get it.
A lot of these things are things you can't anticipate, so there is no harm in leaving a little cushion room! It's better to over estimate how long certain aspects of the day will take, because if someone is running late, there will be wiggle room for that. Aim to be ready to go roughly 20-30 minutes before you actually have to leave. This will allow time for last minute adjustments and for you and your attendants to gather your things and be organized before you leave. It will also allow for some extra photo time! After the ceremony, everyone will want to come up and congratulate the both of you. It's an awesome part of the day! But if you haven't added this into your schedule, it will cut into your photo time, especially if you have a lot of guests. If you are planning on doing a receiving line, make sure to add that into your schedule. If you plan to head straight into photos, simply tell your guests that you will visit them personally at their tables during the reception or have your officiant make an announcement.
When it comes to your wedding, there are a lot of things to consider and a lot of expenses – brides have to prioritize what they invest in. The one aspect that will make a big difference in your wedding images is your bouquet. It will be with you the entire day and will be a major focal point during your wedding. I highly recommend treating yourself to your DREAM bouquet and investing a little less into the bridesmaid bouquets as they will be less central to your day.
First looks are becoming more popular. This is when the bride and groom set aside some time prior to the ceremony to see each other. A lot of couples shy away from this idea because it goes against tradition and they think it will make their walk down the aisle less magical. Every bride wants that initial emotional reaction from their groom when he sees her for the first time. Who wouldn't!? But the first look doesn't take away from the moment – I've actually found the opposite to be true. The first look is done in a private setting – just the bride and groom. The bride will walk up to the groom who has his back to her, and when she calls his name, he turns around and gets to see her in all her wedding glory with no one else around. They get to share an embrace and laugh and cry with each other and have this alone time during their day that they wouldn't have otherwise had! And when it comes to the ceremony, the groom is just as blown away by his bride as the first time he's seen her.
Because there is no timing pressure, we ease into doing romantic bride and groom portraits after the first look and some of the bridal party photos as well. I absolutely love photographing first looks, and every couple I've known that has done one, hasn't had any regrets. Because a lot of the bridal portraits get done before the ceremony, this is ensures that you are receiving way more photos on your wedding day and makes the most out of your photography investment. Talk about what you two need as a couple, and don't let habit dictate what you do purely for the sake of tradition. I can't say enough good things about first looks and if it's something you're considering, I say go for it!
Whether you choose to get ready at home, in a hotel room or at your venue, it's important to remember to keep your space picture ready! On your wedding morning there will be people getting ready, makeup everywhere, clothes everywhere and usually a lot of clutter. Some people will say "Oh just photoshop it out!" but that's not always as easy as it sounds! I would recommend dedicating one room to keep all of your stuff in, and keep one room tidy for photos. I am a natural light photographer which means I don't use flash (only at the reception) so the more windows, the better! I will choose the one room that has the most natural light to shoot you getting into your dress as well as other significant moments on your wedding morning.
South Pond Bride Nicole Sirrs waiting to say "I do" in the guest cottage.
If you have special guests who have traveled a long way to be present at your wedding, we want to know! If you have a special heirloom piece that you would really like to have in photos, tell us! If you and your dad are planning a surprised choreographed dance during the reception, let me know before hand! It's best to fill your photographer in on what exactly is happening throughout the day so that we can be ready and in position for when it happens! I've been to many weddings in churches that have more than one aisle, and we need to know which aisle you are planning on walking down and which one you are exiting through. It's highly recommended to send your photographer a day-of time line so that you two are both on the same page with regards to the wedding day. It's best to go over this time line together so that suggestions can be made and things can be altered if needed. Another item I ALWAYS require on a wedding day is a family photo list – this is how I ensure that no one is left out during photo time.
This is one of the most important things to consider when planning your wedding day schedule. I love when clients come to me for advice on location and timing in order to get the best light – after all, it's all about the lighting! As I mentioned earlier, choose the largest, brightest room for getting ready. If you choose a hotel, make sure you get a room with a lot of natural light – believe me, it will make all the difference. If you are planning on having an outdoor ceremony, consider where the light will be at the time you will be getting married. For example, if you are getting married at 12pm in the middle of the summer on a sunny day, the sun will be almost directly above you and will cast shadows and harsh highlights across you and your groom. This isn't something that can be fixed in post processing. If possible, it's best to start your ceremony later in the afternoon (anywhere between 2-5) to ensure that the sun is at a lower angle in the sky. Depending on whether you are doing a first look or not, I will do most of the bridal party photos after the ceremony. Then, after dinner, I love to steal my couples away during sunset hour to capture some romantic shots in that beautiful, glowy sunset light.
It Matters Where We Sit!
If you have hired your photographer to stay during the reception, they're going to have to be sat at a table. The reception is a great time for your photographer to capture those awesome candid shots, and this is when all of the unexpected moments happen! I've been to many weddings where the table for the photographer/DJ/videographer is in a separate room. Placing your photographer in a separate room removes them from the action of the reception and makes it more likely that those candid, in-between moments are missed. I would recommend having your photographer seated in the same room as all of your guests. This way, when a memorable moment happens, they're there. If your photographer is in a different room, he/she will be able to sit down briefly, shovel a few bites of food down, then rush back into the main room to make sure nothing was missed, all while having to worry whether or not their food was cleared away while they got up (and usually, it has been). I am not saying that vendor tables are a bad thing, but if you plan on having one, keep it close to the action! It's also common for the vendors to be served last, after all of the guests have had their food. Usually by the time the food is served to the vendors, another speech is starting which leaves ten seconds for a few bites, and then back into the reception room. It's best to serve the vendors at the same time as the guests so that they can eat and can get right back to shooting before anything important happens. No one wants photos of themselves eating anyway, so have your photographer eat when you eat! So, where would be the best place for the photographer? Right among family and friends and within close range of the bride and groom.
Cheering the lovely couple in South Pond's refurbished barn.
You will hear this so many times throughout the wedding planning process, but it's true! Your wedding day goes by so fast. You spend so much time planning out your day, and when it arrives it's almost a blur. Take in every moment. Look around at all your friends and family who came so celebrate this day with you. Take the time to walk around, socialize & enjoy and don't worry about if something didn't go as planned. This is YOUR day. Do what you want! Make it your own! Express your style and pamper yourself! Let other people help you so that you can relax! Have a glass of champagne (or two) & dance the night away! Once the guests have all left, the dancing is done and the honeymoon has ended, the photos from your wedding are what will rekindle the memories of your day for years to come. They are priceless reminder of your love and commitment to each other and they should be as genuine as you two.


Collection Managers often solve fossil mysteries, and sometimes we have only a few clues to assist us. A recent mystery involved some rib fragments prepared by PaleoLab volunteers. Individual packages containing rib fragments found in an old cardboard box stashed in a Vertebrate Paleontology storage room proved to be perfect for PaleoLab volunteers to hone their preparation skills.
My task as Collection Manager is to catalog and integrate these ribs into the fossil mammal collection. Fortunately, most of the rib packages contained field labels, which are used to record information when the specimen is collected. My first clue came from the Description category of a field label with one of the rib packages, and it indicated that the rib connected with a block (which consists of fossil and rock). Because there are no blocks of unprepared fossil mammals in storage, I had to assume that this block had been prepared and the specimen was cataloged. The field label lacked a catalog number (Department No. on the label) and any locality information, which would normally assist in locating the rest of the specimen.
This field label must have been printed for an expedition to Brazil, and the left overs were used by all museum expeditions until they ran out.
The only clue that I had to link the rib to a cataloged specimen in the Section's computerized database was the block number (Blk. 11/1931), which are entered in the field number category of the database. A search of the database retrieved two specimens with this field number, CM 6425 and CM 36355. Both were brontotheres, formerly known as titanotheres, which are large, extinct rhinoceros-like herbivores. I located the specimens in the collections, and both included incomplete ribs. The field label shown here mentioned that the rib made contact with a "…portion in block indicated by letter D". Amazingly, I found the letter D written on the broken end of a rib cataloged as CM 6425, and the rib fragment associated with the field label connects to it. I was able to fit all of the rib pieces prepared in PaleoLab onto other ribs cataloged as CM 6425.
Archive image showing the skeleton of the brontothere, Brontops dispar, CM 767, which can be seen on exhibit in Cenozoic Hall.
Amy Henrici is the Collection Manager for Vertebrate Paleontology at Carnegie Museum of Natural History. Museum employees are encouraged to blog about their unique experiences of working at the museum.


This pattern is available from twoofwands.com for $2.50.
A printable, ad-free version of the pattern can be purchased here.
Inspired by low-hanging, multi-layered stratus clouds that blanket the earth in grey fog, this wrap will envelope you in fuzzy warmth that is as light as air. Wear it wrapped in front or back and prepare to feel snuggled all day long.
This pattern is part of a collaboration with Lion Brand Yarn Company using their New Basic 175 yarn. To purchase a kit please visit their site here.
This is an easy level knitting pattern and the techniques involved are knitting, purling, M1L, M1R, and slipping stitches.
The pattern and photographs of this garment are the property of Two of Wands. This pattern and design are subject to copyright, and are for personal, non-commercial use only. You may not distribute or sell this pattern or any items created using the directions in this pattern without consent. For more information, please visit twoofwands.com/policies.


text:
Colm Fitzpatrick
Cork, County Cork
OFFICIAL SITE BANDCAMP FACEBOOK ITUNES TWITTER
Colm Fitzpatrick, multi award-winning singer and songwriter, has enriched the music scene with his gifted ability to speak to the soul with a diverse and eclectic range of genres and styles of music, from the sweetest lullabies to the darkest of melodic outpourings. An accomplished and versatile composer and classical guitarist, Fitzpatrick's work is inimitable in its ability to bring the listener on a rousing and, often, emotional journey.
The title track of his debut EP, 'If', was selected as Joe.ie's 'Song of the Day' with several tracks receiving national airplay. The result of a hugely innovative and successful crowd funding campaign, 'If' demonstrates his sheer range of potential and originality. The provocative video for If involved maintaining three minutes of eye contact with eleven other people consecutively (including his parents) and offers an insight into the depth of this young musicians mind. The visually striking and fun EP cover on the other hand is at first glance, a photo of his cat, Dali. However, on closer inspection, one can see that it is in fact a collage of tiny photos, these are the faces of the people that made the recording possible.
His bluesy vocals and tender style are enshrined by his expressive and tasty guitar and ukulele playing delivering a sound reminiscent of Nick Drake and John Martyn. His vibrant and heart-felt music incorporates a plethora of emotions and story-telling that engages audiences who are as likely to laugh with him as to be held in attentive silence.
His debut single Simple Loving was described as 'a beautifully crafted acoustic guitar-driven song' and was awarded 4.5 out of 5 by Pure M Magazine. His performances and engaging stage presence have won him positive reviews from John Spillane, Paul Linehan of The Frank and Walters, and Dick Dixon, director of The Warwickshire Folk Festival.
'Amazing' - Bobby Kerr - Newstalk 106-108FM
'A beautifully and soothing voice' - John Barker - Dublin 98FM
'Incredible song writing' - Alan Donovan - Corks Red Fm
James Taylor, John Martyn, Jose Gonzalez, Nick Drake
Bob Dylan, Debussy, Fernando Sor, Garth Brooks, James Taylor, Jimi Hendrix, Jose Gonzalez, Meat Loaf, Nick Drake, Nina Simone, Sufjan Stevens, The Beatles, The Divine Comedy, The Phantom of the Opera, Tom Waits, Toumani Diabate, classical, eddie vedder, mice parade


In Guatemala City, colonial buildings coexist with skyscrapers and tin-roofed slums. The Plaza Mayor, Catedral Metropolitana, and Palacio Nacional are all impressive colonial structures. You might call the architectural style of the Children's Museum "colonial" as well -- that is, if you're referring to a lunar colony. Also check out the vermilion, neo-Gothic Iglesia Yurrita in Zona 4, which tips its hat to Catalan architect Antoni Gaudí.
Antigua is a fabulously preserved colonial city, and many of its colonial-era churches and buildings have fortunately survived several major earthquakes. Those that didn't fully survive still add to the city's ageless air of grandeur. The Palacio del Noble Ayuntamiento and the ruins of the Convento de las Capuchinas are two of its many highlights.
If you're looking for Classic monumental architecture in Guatemala, you're in luck. The creative Maya masons who constructed the stone pyramids built them to last -- they've even survived the daily swarms of tourists who scamper all over them -- though it's not clear how long they can endure an existence unprotected by guide ropes.
The most famous Maya ceremonial city in Guatemala is Tikal. With more than 3,000 mapped constructions to date and a score of impressive excavations and reconstructions, a visit here gives you the sense of visiting a vibrant ancient city. Smaller architectural marvels dot the country, including giant stone stelae at Quiriguá, and new sites are being discovered and excavated all the time. Those looking to see perhaps the finest example of Classic Maya hieroglyphics should head to neighboring Honduras and the ruins at Copán, where you'll find a staircase that holds the distinction of being the longest book written in stone.
Guatemalan artists range from folk artists and artisans working in a variety of forms, materials, and traditions to modern painters, sculptors, and ceramicists producing beautiful representational and abstract works.
The best-known crafts are indigenous woven tapestries and clothing. Artisans use natural dyes extracted from the clavel and heraño flowers, then mix in the crushed bodies of mosquitoes to keep the colors from running. The fabrics are woven on huge looms or simple, portable back-strap looms. Traditional dress for women includes a huipil (blouse) and corte (skirt), often fastened to the waist with a rope belt. Women often also wear a tocoyal, or headdress. These can range from pieces of cloth to long, narrow ribbons wound in a tight spiral and adorned with tassels. Highly figured and embroidered men's shirts are called trajes.
Today, Maya textiles are displayed on the walls of hotels and restaurants. They are sold on the streets of cities, villages, and in souvenir shops (where you'll find dolls dressed in typical dress, purses, and other accessories made of the beautiful work). In your search, it's well worth a visit to a bustling market, such as those found in Guatemala City, Antigua, Chichicastenango, or Santiago Atitlán.
In recent years, mass-produced machine-woven fabrics have started appearing in markets. To spot a fake, look for gold or synthetic threads woven into the cloth, and for overly neat stitching on the back.
Note: Please show respect for the Maya culture and remember that only women wear huipiles, while many of the embroidered shirts and pants are meant specifically for men. While most Maya craftspeople are more than happy to see foreigners purchase their goods, for some indigenous people, seeing gringos walking the streets in native garb can be insulting -- especially when women unknowingly wear traditional men's clothing, or vice versa. Use caution, and when in doubt, don't model your purchases in any but the most touristy towns or settings until you get home.
Other common handicrafts found in gift shops and markets across Guatemala include carved-wood masks and carved stone and jade.
Handicrafts are far from the only art in Guatemala. Mural painting is a growing form, especially works depicting emotional subjects. See the murals representing Guatemala's war-torn past and peaceful future in the church in Rabinal for an example.
If you're looking for modern art, various galleries in Guatemala City and Antigua carry a wide range of contemporary locally produced art.
The most distinctive piece of traditional clothing found in Guatemala is the female blouse known as a huipil -- a large shirt made of two rectangular pieces of heavy cloth, which are sewn together with no tailoring or shape other than a simple hole for the head (and often a slit along the centerline for breastfeeding). Huipiles are usually worn about waist length, but they are often significantly wider at the shoulders than the actual shoulders of the Maya women who wear them. Huipiles are traditionally woven on a simple back-strap loom, and feature intricate patterns and designs that may be a mix of loom technique and embroidery. These patterns and designs range from the entirely abstract to figurative, with people, animals, flowers, celestial bodies, and gods and goddesses all finding their way into the fabric of this distinctly Guatemalan art form.
One of the most fascinating aspects of the huipil is that dozens of villages have their own style of design: Nebaj in the Ixchil Triangle of villages in the Central Highlands is famous for its tight, intricate hand embroidery with figures of horses, birds, and people; the weavers from Chichicastenango embroider the neck, shoulder, and center of the chest areas with predominantly abstract designs; while those in San Lucas Toliman are known for their unique representational embroidery that resembles stick figures.
The huipil has been worn since long before the arrival of the Spaniards in the 16th century. However, it was the Spaniards who instituted the concept of specific village-related huipil styles to establish class and slave organizational structures. During the civil war of the last century, the army followed the conquistadors' lesson and used the huipil and other items of indigenous dress to identify people from villages thought to be sympathetic to the guerrilla cause.


text:
Supernatural 14.17 Promo: Game Night
Canada supernatural the cw tv news TV Premiere Dates
The CW released the promo for Supernatural episode 14.17, titled "Game Night," featuring the return of guest star Danneel Ackles as Anael. Check out the promo below and catch the episode on April 4!
Written by Meredith Glynn and directed by John Showalter, the official synopsis for episode 14.17 reads:
"Sam (Jared Padalecki) and Dean (Jensen Ackles) race to help a friend in need. Meanwhile, Mary (guest star Samantha Smith) is concerned for Jack's (Alexander Calvert) well-being, and Castiel (Misha Collins) enlists help from Jo/Anael (guest star Danneel Ackles) to track down a miracle."
RELATED: The CW's Supernatural Episode 14.16 Sneak Peek Released
Supernatural follows brothers Sam (Jared Padalecki) and Dean (Jensen Ackles) Winchester. The thrilling and terrifying journey of the Winchester brothers continues in Supernatural's 13th season. Sam and Dean have spent their lives on the road, battling supernatural threats that include everything from the demon that killed their mother to the usual vampires, ghosts, shape-shifters, angels and fallen gods rampaging over the land. They've come out on top with the help of allies, both human and supernatural, but every victory comes at a price.
Created by Eric Kripke (The Boys, Timeless, The House with a Clock in Its Walls), Supernatural heads into its 14th season, which will consist of 20 episodes, its 300th episode, and airs every Thursday night on The CW at 8:00 p.m. ET. Andrew Dabb and Robert Singer serve as co-showrunners and executive producers.


text:
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;
using Proverb.Data.EntityFramework.Models;

namespace Proverb.Data.EntityFramework.CommandQuery
{
    public interface ISageQuery
    {
        Task<ICollection<User>> GetAllAsync();
        Task<ICollection<User>> GetAllWithSayingsAsync();
        Task<User> GetByIdAsync(int id);
        Task<User> GetByIdWithSayingsAsync(int id);
    }

    public class SageQuery : BaseCommandQuery, ISageQuery
    {
        public SageQuery(ProverbContext dbContext) : base(dbContext) { }

        public async Task<ICollection<User>> GetAllAsync()
        {
            var sages = await DbContext.User.ToListAsync();

            return sages;
        }

        public async Task<ICollection<User>> GetAllWithSayingsAsync()
        {
            var sagesWithSayings = await DbContext.User.Include(x => x.Saying).ToListAsync();

            return sagesWithSayings;
        }

        public async Task<User> GetByIdAsync(int id)
        {
            var sage = await DbContext.User.FindAsync(id);

            return sage;
        }

        public async Task<User> GetByIdWithSayingsAsync(int id)
        {
            var sageWithSayings = await DbContext.User
                .Include(x => x.Saying)
                .SingleOrDefaultAsync(x => x.Id == id);

            return sageWithSayings;
        }

        private IQueryable<User> GetSagesWithSayings()
        {
            var sageWithSayings =
                from s in DbContext.User.Include(x => x.Saying)
                select s;

            return sageWithSayings;
        }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


They say that knowledge is power, and this can certainly be the case when it comes to dealing with something like drug addiction. Knowing the facts might not be enough by itself to help the person break away from this type of behaviour, but it can benefit them and strengthen their recovery. It is usual for those who are trapped in addiction to believe in many things that are not true or only partial truths. This misinformation is then used to keep them imprisoned in the substance abuse. By learning the facts about their situation, the individual will be better able to break free.
The person surrounds themselves with other people who abuse alcohol or drugs, so they develop the idea that substance abuse is normal behaviour.
They believe that people who do not drink or use drugs are boring.
The individual may believe that using these substances makes them more creative.
They believe that becoming sober means living life as if it is a prison sentence. They believe that the person who becomes sober spends their lives missing alcohol or drugs.
They will usually believe that the dangers of addiction are exaggerated.
The biggest lie that substance abusers buy into is that this behaviour makes their life somehow better. They can completely miss the reality that they are caught in a downwards spiral that will kill them unless they are able to stop.
The individual may believe that alcohol or drugs are helping them to cope with their problems. They miss the reality that this behaviour is the cause of most of their problems.
The person may believe that the misery of addiction is all that they deserve in life. This sad reasoning occurs because the person had reduced self-esteem and self-efficacy because of the behaviour.
Even after the person accepts that their drinking or drug use is out of control, they can still believe that change is not possible.
Once the individual is armed with the facts of addiction, it will make it easier for them to see the reality of their situation. They may have struggle in the beginning to let go of all the misinformation that they have picked up over years of substance abuse but the new information will chip away at these misunderstandings. Once the individual begins taking action based on their new understandings, they will gain confidence that what they are hearing is true. This means that the person can replace their faulty world view with something far more reliable.
Our knowledge about addiction problems is growing all the time. This means that as better information is obtained our understanding of how things work will also change. This change to the recovery store of knowledge does not mean that the information we have now is unreliable – it is the best we have right now. The most important thing about any of the information is that it helps people overcome their addiction problems.
There are different theories about addiction and how it should be overcome. It is best to view these as different paths to the same goal, and it is not necessary to choose one path and say that the other paths are wrong. The goal of recovery is for the individual to find a path that works for them.
It is important to be careful when dealing with internet addiction resources. It is possible for anyone to start a blog and declare themselves to be some type of addiction expert, but this does not always mean that the information they are providing is reliable. It is best to stick to the reputable websites, and to always keep an open mind about anything that is written about addiction.
It pays to be particularly careful around any addiction stories that sound too good to true. There will be regular stories in the media about miracle cures for addiction, but these never seem to lead to anything earth shattering. It is important to keep in mind that the mass media makes its money through hype, and if something sounds too good to be true it probably is.
Facts alone are unlikely to help people break away from addiction. These individuals will need to take action as well as learn. It is important that you do not allow your hunt for knowledge to be used as a delaying tactic that keeps you from getting the help you need.


HAUPPAUGE, N.Y. (CBSNewYork) — Dozens of Hurricane Sandy-damaged homes in Nassau County will soon have new owners.
First-time home buyers, investors and others looking for a bargain attended the auction at the Hyatt Regency Hotel in Hauppauge on Tuesday.
Families joined realtors, speculators and builders, some with cashiers' checks in hand for damaged waterfront "McMansions," inland bungalows and everything in between.
Rebecca Sinclair of the governor's Office of Storm Recovery said the highest bid was $525,000 for a property in Bellmore on the bay.
"It's a four-bedroom, three-bathroom, raised ranch," Sinclair said.
Bill Romeo of Massapequa paid $485,000 and got the house he wanted.
Jason Reis of Roslyn put in the winning bid on a Massapequa home.
A Manhattan husband and wife, who wished to remain anonymous, were thrilled to get a Long Beach home for $385,000.
"It's on the water and we're excited to build our dream home," the wife said.
There are a total of 150 properties in Nassau and Suffolk counties that are being auctioned off.
Many of the properties are along the South Shore from Long Beach to the Hamptons, with minimum bids from $28,000 to $400,000. Some have pre-storm values as high as $1.2 million, according to auction officials.
"The community gets the tax revenue again. The community gets brand new housing stock. Developers and local builders get some more business. Everybody wins," NY Rising's Jon Kaiman told McLogan.
Eighty-one homes in Nassau County were auctioned off Tuesday.
Nearly six-dozen properties in Suffolk County were to go up for auction Wednesday.


text:
La bandera de Bermudas fue adoptada el 4 de octubre de 1910. Está basada en el Pabellón Rojo británico con la Union Jack en el cantón y el escudo de Bermudas en la mitad exterior de la bandera.

Esta bandera es considerada inusual para las colonias del Imperio británico debido a la utilización de la Enseña Roja en desmedro de la Enseña Azul, utilizada en la mayoría de las banderas coloniales y que aún persiste, por ejemplo, en la bandera de Australia y en la de Nueva Zelanda. Solo Canadá, Sudáfrica y la India (Raj británico) utilizaron la Enseña Roja durante su período colonial. En la actualidad, solo Bermudas entre los territorios británicos de ultramar existentes la utiliza.

Otras banderas

Véase también
 Bandera del Reino Unido

Enlaces externos

Símbolos de Bermudas
Bermudas
Bermudas
Bermudas
Banderas con leones

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Flashbacks are pretty common in visual media like TV and movies, but how well do they work for written books and stories? If you have a strong central character and a single storyline, flashbacks can be a useful way of revealing exposition without explaining it all in real time. But I find flashbacks pretty awkward.
Flashbacks create breaks in your storytelling, where you jump back to an important point before the story started in order for the current story to make more sense. Why not just weave the prior information into the current plot? Try to find a way to tell all a flashback's relevant details in real time. This is less jostling to your readers, who are already following all your different characters as the story unfolds.
I figure that any time a character reflects on past events, there should always be fresh details revealed. Your readers want a fresh take on the event, not a rehash. This is especially important if you're referencing events from stories you've already written (and therefore, your most devoted readers have already read). Include some new information that will keep it exciting for them!
Also remember that every person (fictional or otherwise) grows and changes over time. You aren't the same person you were last year. Your opinions have evolved, and your perspective has shifted, if only slightly. When reflecting on a past event in your story, bear in mind that your character is not the same person who experienced the event. The character has evolved by some measure since the time the event occurred.
Human memories are quite fallible. People remember incorrect details all the time. Details like the color of a sweater, the logo on a hat, which hand held the gun - these shift and amend themselves within your brain, leaving you convinced things went a certain way when others who were also there will swear by other details. Of course, don't riddle your exposition with false details, unless it's relevant to the story somehow. But keep in mind that memories are ever-changing, and that the character reflecting on those memories is ever-changing as well.
So how do you relate your flashback in real time? Let your characters reminisce about the past event, and reflect an elegant evolution in their perspectives due to the wisdom of hindsight. Your character is older now, wiser, and reflects on his younger and more foolish days. Or your character is forever changed by some event, and he uses it as a crutch to justify his failings ever since.
However you frame it, allow the reflection to add to the character's personality, and allow the character to add (or remove) details based on how he's grown and changed since the event. Then you're killing more birds with less stones - your character is better developed, the reader has a better sense of the personal growth of the character in the interim, and the reflections still impart the necessary information for the current plotline. In my Tales of the Known World saga, I strive to deliver all my exposition in a way that builds the character up rather than boring the reader with rehash, or worse, confusing the reader by jumping through time.
As for the pre-story story that you're tempted to tell via flashback...why not write it as a supplemental piece? Some stories are best told separately, so instead of bogging down your current manuscript with an extra storyline, offer it up as a related one-shot to your main tale. Or, compile a series of flashbacks for a related anthology or long-term periodical, which you can use to boost visibility when you launch your main story.


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The Rat Hoarder and The Cat Hoarder
By Sue Millinocket
Hoarders season finale presents likable rat hoarder.
I know. That statement seems impossible, but it's true. I saw the previews like everyone else and was expecting the most singularly gruesome Hoarders episode ever on Monday night. Hoarding rats? Are you kidding?
But it was not to be. Sure, it was gross, but every episode is gross. And yes, there were more than a few squirm-inducing moments. If you have a real rat phobia, please don't torture yourself – skip this one. But overall this was one of the most likable and sympathetic hoarders I've ever seen.
Not so with The Cat Hoarder. She sucked. Obstinent, entitled, bitter and mean, she fought the crew every step. Her story is run of the mill hoarder – house filled with trash and cats and denial. I say "is" because she failed. With a capital F.
But Glen, The Rat Hoarder, was a different sort than we usually see. Yes, thousands of domesticated pet rats had taken over his home and he was living in his office (presumably in another building). Yes, they were swarming over every surface and in the walls and in the furniture.
Glen had a few (thousand) more than this
But wait. What they were not doing was crawling over mountains of garbage. Glen's office wasn't filled with garbage or crap or unopened QVC boxes, either. The Rat Hoarder only hoarded rats. And he loved them. He had simply lost control of them. Well, not "simply", of course he let it happen. But he was more about loving the animals and grieving over their condition than he was about maintaining his hoard. He was willing to let them go to better homes than he could provided even though it obviously hurt him to do so.
In a rare move, I'm going to give props to Dr. Robin Zasio. She did not tiptoe in and turn up her perfectly made-up nose in disgust – she recognized that these animals were actually important to this man and treated him and them with respect. Extreme Cleaning Specialist Matt Paxton (I can't help it – I love his title) did the same. They extracted rats for two days, helped Glen work through the grief issues that landed him in that position to begin with and did it without being patronizing or mean. Good job, Hoarders Team!
Sadly, that is the end of the season for Hoarders. Basic cable definitely has weird notions of what makes up a "season" so I'm expecting new episodes this summer. But what are we to do in the meantime??? Well, you can watch clips, episodes and comentary about the show on the A&E website or buy the first two seasons (I've even provided you a handy link to buy that second season right now! You're welcome) of the show to tide you over. You can watch the new show airing Monday nights on A&E – Heavy – I'll let you know if it's any good. I have a little something special in the works for you as well. Stay tuned!
More Hoarders on Movie Rewind:
The Bunny Hoarder and The Chicken Hoarder
Extreme Hoarders
TV Hoarding Shows: A Compare and Contrast
Hoarding Episode of A&E's Hoarders
[AMAZONPRODUCTS asin="B003L9KAAW"]
Sue Millinocket
Sue enjoys over-mothering her adult children, riding her bicycle, and procrastinating. She is the Editorial Manager at Silver Beacon Marketing and an aspiring Crazy Cat Lady.
Hoarders Season 10 September 11, 2019
Hoarders in BACK! August 28, 2019
Hoarders Shakes It Up September 11, 2012


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vp.1.22 Parasara. That, Maitreya, which is the cause of a thing is called the means of effecting it; and that which it is the desire of the soul to accomplish is the thing to be effected. The operations of the Yogi who is desirous of liberation, as suppression of breath and the like, are his means: the end is the supreme Brahma, whence he returns to the world no more. Essentially connected with, and dependant upon, the means employed for emancipation by the Yogi, is discriminative knowledge; and this is the first variety of the condition of Brahma 5. The second
vp.1.22 sort is the knowledge that is to be acquired by the Yogi whose end is escape from suffering, or eternal felicity. The third kind is the ascertainment of the identity of the end and the means, the rejection of the notion of duality. The last kind is the removal of whatever differences may have been conceived by the three first varieties of knowledge, and the consequent contemplation of the true essence of soul. The supreme condition of Vishnu, who is one with wisdom, is the knowledge of truth; which requires no exercise; which is not to be taught; which is internally diffused; which is unequalled; the object of which is self illumination; which is simply existent, and is not to be defined; which is tranquil, fearless, pure; which is not the theme of reasoning; which stands in need of no support 6. Those Yogis who, by the annihilation of ignorance, are resolved into this fourfold Brahma, lose the seminal property, and can no longer germinate in the ploughed field of worldly existence. This is the supreme condition, that is called Vishnu, perfect,
vp.1.22 perpetual, universal, undecaying, entire, and uniform: and the Yogi who attains this supreme spirit Brahma() returns not to life again; for there he is freed from the distinction of virtue and vice, from suffering, and from soil.
vp.3.15 "The class of Pitris derives support from the moon, and the moon is sustained by acts of austere devotion. Hence the appointment of one who practises austerities is most desirable. A Yogi set before a thousand Brahmans enables the institutor of obsequial rites to enjoy all his desires 17."
vp.4.4 The son of Kusa was Atithi; his son was Nishadha; his son was Nala 18; his son was Nabhas; his son was Pundarika; his son was Kshemadhanwan; his son was Devanika; his son was Ahinagu 19; his son was Paripatra; his son was Dala 20; his son was Chhala 21; his son was Uktha 22; his son was Vajranabha; his son was sankhanabha 23; his son was Abhyutthitaswa 24; his son was Viswasaha 25; his son was Hiranyanabha, who was a pupil of the mighty Yogi Jaimini, and communicated the knowledge of spiritual exercises to Yajnawalkya 26. The son of this
vp.5.17 name. Glory to that being, whose deceptive adoption of father, son, brother, friend, mother, and relative, the world is unable to penetrate. Glory to him, who is one with true knowledge, who is inscrutable, and through whom, seated in his heart, the Yogi crosses the wide expanse of worldly ignorance and illusion. I bow to him, who, by the performers of holy rites, is called the male of sacrifice Yajnapurusha(); by pious worshippers is termed Vasudeva; and by the cultivators of philosophy, Vishnu. May he in whom cause and effect, and the world itself, is comprehended, be propitious to me, through his truth; for always do I put my trust in that unborn, eternal Hari; by meditation on whom, man becomes the repository of all good things."
vp.6.7 "The sage, or Yogi, when first applying himself to contemplative devotion is called the novice or practitioner Yoga( yuj); when he has attained spiritual union he is termed the adept, or he whose meditations are accomplished 6. Should the thoughts of the former be unvitiated by any obstructing imperfection, he will obtain freedom, after practising devotion through several lives 7. The latter speedily obtains liberation in that existence (in which he reaches perfection), all his acts being consumed by the fire of contemplative devotion. The sage who would bring his mind into a fit state for the performance of devout contemplation
vp.6.7 must be devoid of desire, and observe invariably continence, compassion, truth, honesty, and disinterestedness: he must fix his mind intently on the supreme Brahma, practising holy study, purification, contentment, penance, and self control. These virtues, respectively termed the five acts of restraint Yana(), and five of obligation Niyama(), bestow excellent rewards when practised for the sake of reward, and eternal liberation when they are not prompted by desire (of transient benefits). Endowed with these merits, the sage self restrained should sit in one of the modes termed Bhadrasana, &c., and engage in contemplation 8. Bringing his vital airs, called Prana, under subjection, by frequent repetition, is thence called Pranayama, which is as it were a seed with a seed 9. In this the breath of expiration and that of inspiration are alternately obstructed, constituting the act twofold; and the suppression of both modes of breathing produces a third 10. The exercise of the Yogi, whilst endeavouring to bring before his thoughts the gross form of the eternal, is denominated alambana 11. He is then to perform the Pratyahara, which consists in restraining his organs of sense from susceptibility to outward impressions, and directing them entirely to mental perceptions. By these means the entire subjugation of the unsteady senses is effected; and if they are not controlled, the sage will not accomplish his devotions. When by the Pranayama the vital airs
vp.6.7 "(When the Yogi has accomplished this stage, he acquires) discriminative knowledge, which is the means of enabling living soul, when all the three kinds of apprehension are destroyed, to attain the attainable supreme Brahma 22. Embodied spirit is the user of the instrument, which instrument is true knowledge; and by it that (identification) of the former (with Brahma) is attained 23. Liberation, which is the object to be effected, being accomplished, discriminative knowledge ceases. When endowed with the apprehension of the nature of the object of inquiry, then, there is no difference between it (individual and) supreme spirit: difference is the consequence of the absence of (true) knowledge. When that ignorance which is the cause of the difference between individual and universal spirit is destroyed finally and for ever, who shall ever make that distinction between them which does not exist? Thus have I, Khandikya, in reply to your question, explained to you what is meant by contemplative devotion, both fully and summarily. What else do you wish to hear?"


National Marine Corps Council Welcomes "Kentucky Marines"
Quantico, Virginia, October 18, 2008: By a unanimous vote of all members present, the Marine Corps Coordinating Council of Kentucky (MCCCK) application for official membership in the National Marine Corps Council (NMCC) was approved at the NMCC Fall Meeting. Application was based upon the long standing tradition of MCCCK service to Marines in Kentucky, with emphasis on accomplishments during the current calendar year, to include the "Salute to the Legends of the Corps," through which $250,000 was raised for the Injured Marine Semper Fi Fund. The MCCCK was represented at this meeting by 1stSgt Martin G. Hanse, Jr., USMC (Ret), a charter member of the MCCCK. Inclusion within the NMCC will serve to provide national recognition within the Marine Corps community for what we as a group are striving to accomplish, as well as a vital link to the Marine Corps on a national level, through NMCC interaction with the Commandant of the Marine Corps and Headquarters Marine Corps.The NMCC is a national level organization consisting of a representative appointed from each of the member Marine Corps associations and/or organizations. Representatives are appointed by the president of each member organization and report to and speak for that elected officer. NMCC is a non-political association of organizations formed for the purpose of exchanging information of common interest to its members and to serve as a forum for the Commandant of the Marine Corps to disseminate Marine Corps information to the membership of the affiliated organizations and associations to further Marine Corps objectives. The primary purpose of the NMCC is to assist in the preservation of a strong Marine Corps and support of the aims of the Commandant of the Marine Corps in satisfying this objective. For more information concerning the NMCCC please visit www.marinecorpscouncil.com.


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Enterocutaneous fistulae: Etiology, treatment, and outcome - A study from South India
Prakash Kumar, Nanda K Maroju, Vikram Kate
Department of Surgery, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry, India
Click here for correspondence address and email
Date of Submission 16-Feb-2011
Date of Web Publication 5-Nov-2011
Background/Aim: Enterocutaneous fistula (ECF) is a difficult condition managed in the surgical wards and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Sepsis, malnutrition, and electrolyte abnormality is the classical triad of complications of ECF. Sepsis with malnutrition is the leading cause of death in cases of ECF. Although it is a common condition, no recent report in literature on the profile of patients with ECF has been documented from the southern part of India. Materials and Methods: All consecutive patients who developed or presented with ECF during the study period were included in the study. The etiology, anatomic distribution, fistula output, clinical course, complications, predictive factors for spontaneous closure, and outcomes for patients with ECF were studied. Results: A total of 41 patients were included in this prospective observational study, of which 34 were males and 7 were females. About 95% of ECF were postoperative. Ileum was found to be the most common site of ECF. Also, 49% of fistulas were high output and 51% were low output. Serum albumin levels correlated significantly with fistula healing and mortality. Surgical intervention was required in 41% of patients. Conclusion: Most of the ECF are encountered in the postoperative period. Serum albumin levels can predict fistula healing and mortality. Conservative management should be the first line of treatment. Mortality in patients with ECF continues to be significant and is commonly related to malnutrition and sepsis.
Keywords: Enterocutaneous fistula, high-output fistula, Octreotide, serum albumin
Kumar P, Maroju NK, Kate V. Enterocutaneous fistulae: Etiology, treatment, and outcome - A study from South India. Saudi J Gastroenterol 2011;17:391-5
Kumar P, Maroju NK, Kate V. Enterocutaneous fistulae: Etiology, treatment, and outcome - A study from South India. Saudi J Gastroenterol [serial online] 2011 [cited 2022 Jan 21];17:391-5. Available from: https://www.saudijgastro.com/text.asp?2011/17/6/391/87180
Enterocutaneous fistula (ECF) may occur due to a disruption in the gastrointestinal tract either due to surgery or disease, or both. These are most commonly seen in the postoperative setting and are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The difficulties encountered in their management are related to sepsis, malnutrition, fluid and electrolyte imbalances, and consequent metabolic disturbances. [1] Hence, favorable outcome in patients with ECF depends on control of sepsis, adequate nutritional support, maintenance of fluid-electrolyte balance, and skin protection. [2],[3]
Earlier studies have reported mortality as high as 65% in patients with ECF. Advances in imaging, nutritional support, and availability of effective antibiotics have reduced this to around 20%. [4],[5] This study was carried out to document our institutional experience with ECF and to determine the etiological factors, presentation, prognosis, and outcome in patients with ECF in this part of the country.
This descriptive study was conducted prospectively in the department of surgery, JIPMER, Pondicherry, between September 2006 and June 2008. All consecutive patients, who developed or presented with ECF during the study period were included in the study. Patients with esophageal, biliary, pancreatic, and perianal fistulas were excluded from this study. A diagnosis of ECF was made clinically on detection of intestinal or fecal effluent from the drain site or abdominal incision site. This study has received the approval of the Institute Ethics Committee and an informed written consent was taken from all enrolled patients.
All enrolled patients were managed as per the policy of the department. Parameters studied included patients demographic profile, serial hemoglobin levels repeated weekly; biochemical parameters including blood sugar, blood urea, serum electrolytes (sodium, potassium) repeated every third day; serum total proteins, serum albumin repeated weekly. Ultrasound (US) abdomen and contrast-enhanced computer tomography (CECT) were done as per need of individual patients. Contrast studies were not routinely performed and were limited to cases where the source of the fistula was unclear, such as in patients referred with inadequate details, or in postoperative cases with more than one anastomosis.
The description of fistula included cause, anatomical location, fistula output, complications, and outcome. Fistula output was quantified by direct measurement, in the presence of drain or by calculating number of dressing pads soaked per day. A fistula output of 500 mL/day was taken as the cutoff between high and low output fistulas. The choice of this method to quantify fistula output was mainly owing to the ease and cost of measurement and may have a higher error rate than a more objective measure using wound collection devices. Decision to conserve or to operate was taken by the consultant in charge of the patient.
To examine the statistical significance of association between attributes, Chi-square test and Fisher's exact test were used. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 10.0 was used. A probability value of less than 5% (P < 0.05) was considered significant.
A total of 41 patients were included in the study, of which 34 were males (83%) and seven were females (17%) and the male:female ratio was 5.5:1. Most patients with ECF were aged 40-60 yrs (mean age, 41.23 ± 2.72). A total of 95% of the fistulas were seen in the postoperative setting. Of 41 patients, 2 had gastric fistula and were excluded from further analysis. Seven patients had colonic fistula and the remaining had small intestinal fistula; 14 ileal, 10 duodenal, and 8 jejunal. There were 20 patients (48.8%) with high-output fistula as compared to 21 patients (51.2%) with low output fistula. Duodenal and jejunal fistulae accounted for 70% of high-output fistulae. Colonic fistula were more likely to have a low output (P = 0.04) [Table 1]. Mortality was significantly higher in patients with high-output fistula (P = 0.03) [Table 2].
Table 1: Comparison of small bowel and large bowel fistulas between patients with high- and low-output fistulae (n=39)*
Table 2: Comparison of mortality between patients with different parameters (n=35)*
Malignancy and tuberculosis accounted for one case each. Anastomotic line disruption following resection of gangrene gut, and postoperative leak following omental patch closure for peptic perforation accounted for half of the cases. The remaining cases included patients with enteric perforation, pancreatic abscess, and disrupted anastomosis following ileostomy closure. There were no cases of Crohn's disease.
Skin excoriation, cellulitis, and intra-abdominal abscess were complications observed in the study. Skin excoriation was seen in 17 of 41 patients (41.5%) with fistula. Ileum was the source of fistula in 40% of the cases with skin excoriation. Of 20 patients (45%) with high-output fistula, 9 had this complication as compared to 8 of 21 patients (38%) with low-output fistula. The association between skin excoriation and fistula output was not statistically significant (P = 0.75). Cellulitis was seen in three patients (8.6%).
Of 41 patients (34%), 14 developed intra-abdominal abscess, for which percutaneous or open drainage was carried out. Nine of 21 patients (43%) in the low-output fistula group had intra-abdominal abscess as a complication as compared to five of 20 patients (25%) in the high-output group. The association between intra-abdominal abscess and fistula output was not significant. It was also found that the association between intra-abdominal abscess and mortality was not significant (P = 1).
Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) was utilised only in six patients. Parenteral nutrition supplemented enteral nutrition in 4 patients, while 29 patients were managed exclusively on enteral nutrition (EN). In cases of proximal ECFs, a feeding jejunostomy was done where feasible for supplementation by EN. In the EN group, 25 of 29 fistulae (86.2%) healed, while only three fistulae (50%) healed in the parenteral nutrition group. Mortality was lesser in patients receiving EN (16%) as compared to those on TPN (50%). This was, however, not statistically significant.
The use of Octreotide was not standardized but limited to patients with high-output proximal fistulae. Patients received Octreotide subcutaneously at a dose of 100 μg every 8 hours. Eight of 10 patients (80%) who received Octreotide showed a reduction in fistula output as well as healing of fistula. Similarly, 20 of 25 patients (80%) who did not receive Octreotide injections showed healing of fistula. The association between the use of Octreotide and mortality was not significant [Table 3].
Table 3: Number of hospital stay days in patients treated conservatively and operatively
Anemia was defined as hemoglobin of less than 10 g %. Of the 35 patients, 18 (51%) had anemia and 17 (49%) were not anemic. There was no statistically significant association between anemia and healing of fistula [Table 2]. Serum albumin was greater than 3.5 g% in 3 patients (9%), serum albumin level 2.5-3.5 g% in 20 patients (57%), and less than 2.5 g% in 12 patients (34%). Fistula healing was 100% in patients with serum albumin more than 3.5 g% and 82% in patients with serum albumin 2.5-3.5 g %. Of the total 12 patients with serum albumin, <2.5 g% fistula healed in only five patients (41.5%). All patients who died (n=7) had a serum albumin level less than 2.5 g%, and this was statistically significant [Table 2] [Figure 1].
Figure 1: Serum albumin - predictive factor for spontaneous closure of fistula (P < 0.001)
There were 19 patients with body mass index (BMI) of ≥18 kg/m 2 . In this group, fistula healed in 17 patients (89.5%), whereas two patients (10.5%) died. Of 11 patients with BMI <18 kg/m 2 fistula healed in nine patients (81.8%), while two patients (18.2%) died. This difference in mortality was not statistically significant (P = 0.611) [Table 2]. There were 21 patients with serum sodium <135 mEq/L, of which fistula healed in 18 patients (85.5%), whereas three patients (14.5%) died. There were 14 patients with serum sodium ≥135 mEq/L. Fistula healed in 10 patients (71.5%), while four patients (29.5%) died. There was a difference between the two groups, though it was not statistically significant (P = 0.4) [Table 2].
Of the 41 patients included in the study, 24 patients (58.5%) were managed conservatively, whereas 17 patients (41.5%) required surgical intervention. Resection of the fistulous segment was carried out with procedures such as primary anastomosis, re-anastomosis, enterostomy and laparostomy with sump drainage. Among the surgically managed patients, three required multiple surgical interventions to close fistula.
Duration of hospital stay was in the range of 7-81 days (mean = 29.7 ± 2.7). Hospital stay was compared between high-output and low-output fistula patients. In the high-output fistula group, mean duration of hospital stay was 36.6 ± 4.5 days as compared to 23.9 ± 2.7 days in low-output fistula patients. This longer hospital stay in high-output fistula patients was statistically significant (P = 0.01) [Table 3]. In conservatively managed patients, mean duration of hospital stay was 26 ± 2.9 days as compared to 35.2 ± 5.1 days in operatively managed patients. Hospital stay in patients managed by surgical intervention was longer than conservatively managed patients.
In Western population, 75%-85% of patients develop ECF as a complication following surgery of gastrointestinal tract. Spontaneous fistula accounted for the remaining 15%-25%. All cases, except one, in the present case series, developed an ECF following an operative procedure. In an earlier study carried out by Manisegaran et al., from our institute in 1994, it was found that 88% of ECF occurred in the postoperative period. [6] The lesser incidence of inflammatory bowel diseases in this part of the world may account for this difference.
In the present study, 95% of the patients developed fistula postoperatively due to anastomotic leak. The common surgeries that were performed were intestinal resection with end-to-end anastomosis, or enterostomy closure following ileal perforation and gangrene gut. A similar finding was also reported by Reber et al. in their study. [7] It was found that ileum was the most frequent site for fistula formation, representing 36% of all fistulas. A similar distribution is reported in a study conducted by Roback et al., in an analysis in 55 patients. [8]
Levy et al., in their study on 335 patients, provided EN as the exclusive nutritional support in 85% of their patients. They concluded that conservative management is the treatment of choice in the initial period. [9] In the present study, 64.5% patients were started on oral feeds, 19.5% started on enteral feeds through feeding jejunostomy and 16% were started on TPN. While an association between the mode of nutrition and healing was not significant, this finding is a pointer to the fact that the majority of patients with ECF can be managed with EN. Reber et al. reported that the results of fistula management with both TPN and enteral feeds showed no significant difference in mortality rate and spontaneous closure rate. [7]
In the present study, duodenal and jejunal fistulae accounted for 70% of high-output fistulae. The mortality rate of high-output fistulae was 28.5%, whereas ileal and colonic fistulae with a low output accounted for 63% of patients with a mortality rate of 6% (P = 0.03). Patients with high-output fistulae have a higher incidence of fistula-associated complications such as electrolyte imbalance, sepsis, and skin excoriation, resulting in difficult management. The fistula closure rate is also lesser. Fazio et al. reported that mortality rate was 2-3 times higher in high-output patients as compared to low-output patients. [10] Narsos et al. also reported a mortality rate of 48% for jejunal fistulas and 18% for ileal fistulas in their study. [11]
In the present study, patients with ECF with a serum albumin of <2.5 g/dl had a higher mortality of 58.5%. Patients with serum albumin of >3.5 g/dl had no mortality; this was comparable to a study by Fazio et al., who reported no mortality in patients with serum albumin >3.5 g/dl and a mortality rate of 42% in patients with serum albumin level <2.5 g/dl. [10] Serum albumin is definitely an important predictor for healing of fistula and mortality.
In a randomized control trial by Nabiola et al., it was found that although the use of Octreotide did not help in healing of fistula, it reduces the fistula output by 70% in the first 48 hrs in patients with ECF. [12] In our study, 80% of the patients who received Octreotide showed a reduction in fistula output and healing time. However, there was no statistical difference noted between patients who received Octreotide and those who did not. In Hollender's series, the presence of intra-abdominal infection was observed in 63%, with a mortality rate of 82%. In the present study, intra-abdominal abscess was present in 38% of the patients and a mortality of 6%. Hollender's study was reported in the year 1983. [13] The advances in percutaneous drainage of abscesses and the availability of better antibiotics could be responsible for the huge difference in mortality reported.
In the present study, a BMI of less than 18 kg/m 2 was seen in 37% of patients. However, there was no statistically significant association between BMI and healing. This could be due to the fact that overall, patients attending this institute are small built and just exceed the BMI over 18 kg/m 2 . Similarly, no significant association between anemia and healing of fistula could be found. This is in contradiction to the findings of some of the studies in literature. [14]
In the present study, 58.5% of the total patients were managed conservatively, whereas 41.5% of patients required surgical intervention. The common surgeries done in our patients are excision of segment of bowel containing fistula and end-to-end anastomosis, exteriorization of both ends, adhesiolysis and primary closure, and bilateral exclusion bypass of fistula. Rubelowsky et al. reported that reoperation and conservative management are complementary in patient treatment. Spontaneous closure rates have been estimated to be between 50% and 80%. [15] We agree with Lorenzo et al. and Tarazi et al., in that the timing of operation and selection of the operative procedure depends on the type of fistula, response to conservative management, and the state of the patient. [16],[17]
Review of literature over the last 25 years shows that the overall mortality rate for postoperative fistulas of the small intestine averages 30%. In the present study, the mortality rate in patients with small intestinal fistulas managed conservatively and with operation was 13% and 9%, respectively. In our series, 17% of the patients had colocutaneous fistulas, of which 95% of patients were managed conservatively, with no mortality. Of the 41 patients in the present study, fistula healed in 28 patients (68.5%), while seven patients (17%) died. Six patients were discharged at request. Among the remaining 35 patients, 22 (63%) were treated conservatively and 13 patients (37%) required surgical intervention. The mortality rate in patients treated conservatively was 18% and in those who required surgical intervention it was 23%. The overall mortality in the present study is 20% after excluding patients who were discharged at request. Comparison of mortality in different studies is depicted in [Table 4].
Table 4: Mortality rates of enterocutaneous fistula
In conclusion, postoperative ECF is accounted as the most common cause of ECF. Most patients respond to conservative management; however, surgical intervention is required in a subset of patients when conservative methods for healing of fistulas fail. Nutritional status of the patient and fistula output are significant predictors of healing of ECF as well as mortality. Control of sepsis, management of fluid, and electrolyte imbalance, meticulous wound care, and nutrition support allow spontaneous fistula closure and low mortality.[21]
1. Edmunds LH Jr, Williams GM, Welch CE. External fistulas arising from the gastro-intestinal tract. Ann Surg 1960;152:445-71.
2. West MA. Conservative and operative management of gastrointestinal fistulae in the critically ill patient. Curr Opin Crit Care 2000;6:143-7.
3. Makhdoom ZA, Komar MJ, Still CD. Nutrition and enterocutaneous fistulas. J Clin Gastroenterol 2000;31:195-204.
4. McIntyre PB, Ritchie JK, Hawley PR, Bartram CI, Lennard-Jones JE. Management of enterocutaneous fistulas: A review of 132 cases. Br J Surg 1984;71:293-6.
5. Sitges-Serra A, Jaurrieta E. Management of postoperative enterocutaneous fistulas: The roles of parenteral nutrition and surgery. Br J Surg 1982;69:147-50.
6. Manisegaran M. Etiology and clinical course of enterocutaneous fistula. Dissertation. Pondicherry, India: Pondicherry University; 1994.
7. Reber HA, Roberts C, Way LW, Dunphy JE. Management of external gastrointestinal fistulas. Ann Surg 1978;188:460-7.
8. Roback SA, Nicoloff DM. High output enterocutaneous fistulas of the small bowel. Am J Surg 1972;123:317-22.
9. Levy E, Frileux P, Cugnenc PH, Honiger J, Ollivier JM, Parc R. High-output external fistulae of the small bowel: Management with continuous enteral nutrition. Br J Surg 1989;76:676-9.
10. Fazio VS, Coutsoftides T, Steiger E. Factors influencing the outcome of treatment of small bowel cutaneous fistula. World J Surg 1983;7:481-8.
11. Nassos TP, Braasch JW. External small bowel fistulas. Surg Clin North Am 1977;51:687-92.
12. Nubiola-Calonge P, Badia JM, Sancho J, Gil MJ, Segura M, Sitges-Serra. A blind evaluation of the effect of octreotide, a somatostatin analogue, on small bowel fistula output. Lancet 1987;11:672-4.
13. Hollender LF, Meyer C, Avet D, Zeyer B. Postoperative fistulas of the small intestine, therapeutic principle. World J Surg 1983;7:474-80.
14. Apovian CM. Nutritional assessment in the elderly: Facing up to the challenges of developing new tool for clinical assessment. Nutrition 2001;17:62-3.
15. Rubelowsky J, Machiedo GW. Reoperative versus conservative management for gastrointestinal fistulas. Surg Clin North Am 1991;71:147-57.
16. Tarazi R, Coutsoftides T, Steiger E. Gastric and duodenal cutaneous fistulas. World J Surg 1983;7:463-73.
17. Lorenzo GA, Beal JM. Management of external small bowel fistulas. Arch Surg 1969;99:394-6.
18. Haffejee AA. Surgical management of high output enterocutaneous fistulae: A 24-year experience. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2004;7:309-16.
19. Draus JMJr, Huss SA, Harty NJ, Cheadle WG, Larson GM. Enterocutaneous fistula: Are treatments improving? Surgery 2006;140:570-6.
20. Martinez JL, Luque-de-Leon E, Mier J, Blanco-Benavides R, Robledo F. Systematic management of postoperative enterocutaneous fistulas: Factors related to outcomes. World J Surg 2008;32:436-43.
21. Visschers RG, Olde SW, Winkens B, Soeters PB, Gemert WG. Treatment strategies in 135 consecutive patients with enterocutaneous fistulas. World J Surg 2008;32:445-53.
Vikram Kate
Professor of Surgery, JIPMER, Pondicherry - 605 006
1 Nutrition Management of the High-Output Fistulae
Caroline Couper, Allison Doriot, Mohamed Tausif R. Siddiqui, Ezra Steiger
Nutrition in Clinical Practice. 2021; 36(2): 282
2 Regenerative medicine for digestive fistulae therapy: Benefits, challenges and promises of stem/stromal cells and emergent perspectives via their extracellular vesicles
Anna C. Sebbagh, Boris Rosenbaum, Guillaume Péré, Hadrien Alric, Arthur Berger, Claire Wilhelm, Florence Gazeau, Noëlle Mathieu, Gabriel Rahmi, Amanda K.A. Silva
Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews. 2021; : 113841
3 Postoperative enterocutaneous fistulas: Management outcomes in 23 consecutive patients
Ibrahim Falih Noori
Annals of Medicine and Surgery. 2021; 66: 102413
4 Hospital malnutrition in northeast and southeast Asia: A systematic literature review
Jesus Fernando B. Inciong, Adarsh Chaudhary, Han-Shui Hsu, Rajeev Joshi, Jeong-Meen Seo, Lam Viet Trung, Winai Ungpinitpong, Nurhayat Usman
Clinical Nutrition ESPEN. 2020; 39: 30
5 Nutritional Management of Patients With Enterocutaneous Fistulas: Practice and Progression
Qin-qing Tang, Zhi-wu Hong, Hua-jian Ren, Lei Wu, Ge-fei Wang, Guo-sheng Gu, Jun Chen, Tao Zheng, Xiu-wen Wu, Jian-an Ren, Jie-shou Li
Frontiers in Nutrition. 2020; 7
6 STUDY OF ENTEROCUTANEOUS FISTULA
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7 Interventional Radiologic Management and Treatment of Enterocutaneous Fistulae
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Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology. 2014;
Kumar P
Maroju NK
Kate V
Enterocutaneous fistula
high-output fistula
serum albumin


Brock & Kiraz English boldly, rashly.
How to cite this entry? Sebastian P. Brock & George A. Kiraz, Gorgias Concise Syriac-English, English-Syriac Dictionary (Piscataway, NJ: Gorgias Press, 2015) ܡܪܚܐܝܬ [from sedra.bethmardutho.org, accessed on Apr. 22, 2019].


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Q: not correct print with unchar Mat for image 8UC1 c++ Could help somebody please ?
I have an image after Canny detector, the type is 8UC1, when i want to access to the values, cout gives to me ? (Test Canny�), so my code is following:
Mat src;

/// Load an image
src = imread( argv[1] );

if( !src.data )
{ return -1; }

Mat src_gray(src.size[1],src.size[2],CV_8U,0);

//some parameters
int edgeThresh = 1;
//int lowThreshold;
int lowThreshold = 100;
int const max_lowThreshold = 100;
int ratio = 3;
int kernel_size = 3;
//char* window_name = "Edge Map";

  cvtColor( src, src_gray, CV_BGR2GRAY );

  Mat detected_edges;
  /// Reduce noise with a kernel 3x3
  blur( src_gray, detected_edges, Size(3,3) );

  ///Canny edge detection
  Canny( detected_edges, detected_edges, lowThreshold, lowThreshold*ratio, kernel_size );

  for (unsigned int i=0;i<detected_edges.size[1];i++){
    for  (unsigned int j=0;j<detected_edges.size[1];j++) {
        if (detected_edges.at<unsigned char>(i,j)!=0)
            cout<<"Test Canny"<<detected_edges.at<unsigned char>(i,j)<<endl;
    }
}

When I change in short, i.e. (i,j), it gives to me value between -256 and 255.
I do not understand why with the type 8UC1, i need to use short and is it correct to use short ?
(To verify surely which type I have, I used this link How to find out what type of a Mat object is with Mat::type() in OpenCV)
Thanks.

A: Suddenly, I found the answer, because uchar has some problems with cout, so i need to write
std::cout<<"Test Canny"<<(int)detected_edges.at(i,j)<

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Home / Opinion / Our View: Adopt anti-bullying act
Our View: Adopt anti-bullying act
By Our View on March 11, 2008
By Olivia Schares 2008
Last year, an openly lesbian Waterloo West High School student faced more than just the common pressures of adolescence. She was the target of nearly constant harassment by some of her peers because of her sexual orientation. She had to endure being called hurtful names, receiving threatening notes in her locker and even occasional physical assault.
Even though she reported these problems to school administrators, they did very little to take care of the situation. This example of administrative unresponsiveness to a serious harassment situation is only one of the many examples of this sort of injustice that occurs in schools all across the state.
On Dec. 11, the Waterloo School Board will vote on an enumerated district-wide policy, similar to the one that the Cedar Falls School District approved six years ago. This policy would protect various groups of students who are frequent targets of bullies.
Even if this action fails, there is still hope for Iowa students. The Anti-Bullying Act, a statewide bill that was on the agenda for the Iowa legislature last year, states that "the state of Iowa is committed to providing all students with a safe and civil school environment in which all members of the school community are treated with dignity and respect." The bill goes on to further state that protected "trait or characteristic of the student includes, but is not limited to, age, color, creed, national origin, race, religion, marital status, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, physical attributes, physical or mental ability or disability, ancestry, political party preference, socioeconomic status, or familial status." This particular bill was narrowly defeated last year, but will be reintroduced to the Iowa legislature for this upcoming year, and due to changes in the legislature, it will likely pass.
The Tiger Hi-Line editors feel that the safety of students is inherently one of the most essential components to a quality education. We feel that it is the responsibility of school districts and lawmakers to do everything in their power to protect their students from harassment, and we especially support these anti-discrimination policies because of their inclusive nature that will help prevent administrative apathy to the serious problem of harassment. We see these policies as a large step toward ensuring a safe climate in our schools for all students.
Related ItemsbullyingHarassmentOlivia Schares
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Our View | No home for harrassment in halls of Cedar Falls
Our View: Students, staff must stand together to fight cyberbullying
County supervisor has personal stake in equality rights


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THEODORE ROOSEVELT, "THE STRENUOUS LIFE" (10 APRIL 1899)
Theodore Roosevelt criticized the imperialists of his day who advocated overseas expansion simply to expand markets or to exploit the resources of underdeveloped countries–that is, those who advocated expansion for economic reasons. Instead, he invoked the "strenuous life" as the rationale for a foreign policy of active international engagement. What sorts of arguments and evidence does he use to make the case for and against each position?
Go to the "Sound Recordings of Theodore Roosevelt's Voice" at http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/collections/troosevelt_film/trfsnd.html (the Library of Congress American Memory Collection). Click on one of the links and listen to Roosevelt. How does his delivery (e.g., rate of speech, inflection, tone) influence your perception of his message?
Roosevelt made a number of references to the wealthy in "The Strenuous Life," describing some of them as "unfit," "well-to-do hucksters," and generally implying that they were weak and cowardly. Does this constitute what we might today call "mud-slinging," and do you suppose any members of his audience at the Hamilton Club might have been insulted by such comments? What purposes do you think were served by Roosevelt's criticisms of the wealthy in America?
Roosevelt praised the Cubans for fighting vigorously against Spain during the Spanish-American War in 1898. Would the Cubans fit his definition of people who have demonstrated the "strenuous life"? What about the Filipinos, who actively resisted the American occupation of their island homeland following that war? In other words, did Roosevelt's definition of the "strenuous life" include all people who demonstrated valor and courage in combat, or was there something more to that definition that excluded more "backwards" people or people who fought against the United States?
Roosevelt invoked the past to argue about the present. What are the pitfalls of using the past as evidence or as a source of "lessons" to guide current policies? What "lessons" did Roosevelt derive from the history of America's wars against Native Americans, or from the Civil War? How did he apply those lessons to the domestic and foreign policy issues of his own day? Are there different "lessons" that one might have learned from those historical examples? Are those "lessons" still relevant today?
Theodore Roosevelt's self-exile to the West after the deaths of his mother and his first wife helped transform him into a cowboy. His book, Ranch Life and the Hunting Trail, chronicled his adventures. Use his book to write a research paper identifying the traits of the cowboy, contrasting it to modern images of the cowboy. Use the Internet to find information about the historical and present-day lifestyles of the American cowboy.
Write a paper about the Theodore Roosevelt's conception of masculinity. Specifically, use Roosevelt's book, The Rough Riders, to evaluate how he defined masculinity and how his conception of masculinity influenced his views about war. Also read Harvey Mansfield's discussion of Roosevelt in Manliness (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2006).
Use the Internet to find cartoons of Roosevelt and of his political opponents–other politicians, the corporate leaders he criticized, etc.–both before and after Roosevelt's speech. How did cartoonists portray him and his opposition?
Suppose you had to write an obituary for Roosevelt. What would you include as the most important elements of his life?
Search for newspapers that reported on Roosevelt's speech at the Hamilton Club. Did the newspapers discuss how well received the speech was by the members of the club? How did the newspapers describeRoosevelt's speech and the reaction to it?
Look through newspapers and magazines from Roosevelt's era about the effects of "nervous illness" on middle-class workers. You will no doubt find doctors warning of the health hazards that resulted from too much stress, the fast pace of life, and the overload of information that people in business encountered everyday. How do those warnings compare to what we hear today about the dangers of a stressful and fast-paced lifestyle? How have the diagnoses of stress and its causes changed since Roosevelt's day? And do we have different "cures" today than they had in Roosevelt's era?
Citizenship Resources
Roosevelt claims that the "strenuous life" demands that America fulfill its destiny as a world power. One manifestation of the "strenuous life" today might be the current "War on Terror." Use newspaper, newsmagazines, and the Congressional Record to investigate how supporters of the War on Terror justify their position. Are there speakers today who make the same sort of arguments that Theodore Roosevelt made about our obligations in the Philippines, for example? Are there speakers today who speak out against what Roosevelt described as the "strenuous life"?
Roosevelt's discussion of the need for increased birthrates was a response to reports that fewer white women were having babies during that era. Do you hear similar concerns expressed by political advocates today? What are the key controversies surrounding population growth in America today, and does ethnicity or race still play an important role in those arguments? Does the issue of population growth and the racial composition of American society also play a role in debates over immigration reform? Investigate the immigration debates that took place in 2006-2007 and discuss how population growth and the racial make-up of American society were addressed during that debate.


text:
ClimateCompaniesESG 12.03.2022 byبواسطة Gerald Butt
Oman takes giant step towards energy transition
Against a backdrop of declining crude production, the Omani government has partnered with BP to target the widespread exploitation of renewables and hydrogen.
Against a backdrop of declining crude production, the Omani government in January announced the establishment of a strategic partnership with BP covering the widespread exploitation of renewable energy and hydrogen.
The aim, BP said in a statement, was to "support the potential development of a multiple gigawatt, world-class renewable energy and green hydrogen" plan for Oman by 2030.
BP has pledged to capture and evaluate solar and wind data covering 8,000 square kilometres of Omani territory. The findings will help the government decide the location of renewable energy hubs.
Omani Energy Minister Mohammed al-Rumhy said the deal with BP represented a "significant step" towards delivering the country's Vision 2040 – a long-term economic and social strategy with a strong emphasis on shifting away from hydrocarbon dependence. Under the plan, oil's share of GDP is slated to fall from 39% in 2017 to 8.4% in 2040.
Rumhy added that the partnership with BP would power "the manufacture of green hydrogen to supply domestic demand and export to global customers".
Claude Mourey, director of Hydrogen and New Energies for consultant Wood Mackenzie, says the Omanis are taking a bold step. It is remarkable, she adds, that they are aiming exclusively for the cleanest and most expensive hydrogen option: "Their neighbours in the Gulf are ultimately favouring a mix of blue and green hydrogen. Oman is taking a bet on green."
Mourey says the broad-based partnership with BP – focused on both hydrogen and renewables – is "something fairly new, leveraging the multidisciplinary strengths of a major oil and gas company to help identify the best locations for renewables development and thereby limit investment risks."
Thus far, Oman's excursion into the realm of renewables has been modest: it produces around 550 MW of electricity from its solar plant at Ibri in the northwest, and its wind farm in Dhofar in the far south of Oman. A big boost will come when a 1 GW solar project at Manah in the northeast comes on-line two years from now. At the same time, even before the BP deal, Oman had been making plans to develop green hydrogen production in Dhofar province and at its new port city of Duqm on the Indian Ocean.
Oman is not alone in the Gulf in realising the need to adapt its energy sector to the challenges of transitioning to a greater dependence on renewables. According to Michelle Meineke, Director of Energy Transition Dialogues at Dubai-based consultancy Gulf Intelligence, "Oman is neither ahead nor behind the curve when compared to its neighbours. But it cannot afford to lose time either, especially as regional economic competition is fast intensifying – notably between Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates. Both, plus Bahrain, have set net-zero goals."
Petroleum Development Oman, the country's dominant energy producer in which the government holds a 60% stake (and Shell a 34% stake), has also "set a net-zero goal, but the government itself has stayed relatively quiet thus far."
Another crucial factor, Meineke points out, is that Oman "has long been a modest oil producer compared to its behemoth OPEC neighbours. Therefore ramping up its renewables is a real opportunity to stand out from the crowd and give its energy economy a bigger buffer against oil-price fluctuations, which it feels far more keenly than its wealthier neighbours."
Not only is Oman's oil production modest, but there are indications that it could go into decline in the not-too-distant future. Over recent years, the goal has been to keep liquids production as close to 1 million barrels a day (b/d) as possible. In December 2021, output registered 1.01 million b/d. But of that total, crude oil accounted for only 795,000 b/d, with condensate output from the country's thriving gas fields making up the balance.
In the view of Ian Thom, Wood Mackenzie's Director of Middle East Upstream, "for the next five years, Oman has the resources to maintain and even in the very short-term grow its liquid production." Oil exploration is continuing, new finds are being reported. And there is the potential of a number of small discoveries being tied back. Then, there is that positive outlook for condensates, as the production of natural gas increases from a number of fields across the country.
But, Thom adds, "as we get to the 2030s, unless additional resources are found and developed, then it's looking like Oman is going to enter a period of decline from the mid-2020s. Oman is getting to a point where it's on a treadmill, continually drilling and discovering new resources to maintain production, and that becomes increasingly more difficult and more expensive."
Against that background, Oman is hoping that its decision to jump into green hydrogen with both feet will not only boost the domestic economy, but also ensure that it remains an energy exporter even when crude oil production has fallen away and the demand for natural gas has declined.
HydrogenClean EnergyNet ZeroRenewablesMiddle East
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