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When Disaster Strikes, What Can Government Do For You?
Amber William January 19, 2019 0 Comments
Disaster Strikes, What Can Government Do For You?
There is an economic role for government to play in a market economy whenever the benefits of a government policy outweigh its costs. Governments often provide for national defense, address environmental concerns, define and protect property rights and attempt to make markets more competitive. Most government policies also redistribute income.
Costs of government policies sometimes exceed benefits. This may occur because of incentives facing voters, government officials, and government employees, because of actions by special interest groups that can impose costs on the general public, or because social goals other than economic efficiency are being pursued.
Originally published : fte.org
"The fury of nature seemed to cause the institutions on which our society is based – those of government, commerce, and civil society – to crumble. First responders appeared overwhelmed as accounts of widespread looting, vandalism, theft, assault, and murder headlined newspapers and as the images of our fellow citizens literally swimming for their lives appeared on television and computer screens. The slow and seemingly inept responses of government at all levels both in preparation for and recovery from the storm infuriated Americans." (Chamlee-Wright & Rothschild, 1)
The fury of nature followed by the fury of citizens railing at government ineptitude – in this case, the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina – is a disturbingly familiar scenario. The frequency of public dissatisfaction with government response to major disasters raises two important questions for the well-being of our republic: "Is public fury justified?" and, perhaps more importantly, "Is railing at government the best approach to ensuring effective action in the next disaster?" This lesson examines contemporary expectations of government in the wake of disaster and the prevailing assumption that only government is big enough to deal with major disasters by first looking at those tasks that government does well. Then, we will turn our attention to when and why government is unlikely to meet our expectations.
Because human society has shown great resiliency through the ages (See Introduction), we can learn from those instances where it has not. Events like Hurricane Katrina, which spawned the "storm [that] infuriated Americans" referenced above, provide a body of evidence to help us evaluate what government can do when its citizens are struck by disaster. Implicit in asking what government can do is a second question: "What can't government do?" Also implied is the assumption that government should do only those things it can do well, and should not do those things for which it is, by nature, ill-suited.
Historically in the United States, disaster response and relief has not been considered the responsibility of government, and most especially not the federal government. People caught in natural calamities turned to family and to community organizations like churches and private charities for support. State and local governments readily engaged in rescue operations and the task of re-establishing and enforcing civil order when necessary, but the federal government maintained a hands-off stance until the early 20th century. The 1906 San Francisco earthquake and fire prompted the first-ever federal allocation of disaster aid. Congress appropriated $2.5 million* in disaster aid – a small gesture compared to modern FEMA response – to cover the cost of food, blankets, tents and other relief supplies requisitioned from West coast Army depots. While President Roosevelt telegraphed California Governor Pardee and San Francisco Mayor Schmitz to express concern and offer "assistance," the assistance consisted mainly of sending Secretary of Commerce Victor Metcalf to the city to keep the White House informed of developments. Tellingly, Roosevelt declined assistance and donations from abroad, saying that the U.S. had sufficient resources, and he directed offers of domestic assistance from such sources as the city governments of Chicago, Boston, New York, and from John D. Rockefeller and Andrew Carnegie to go to the Red Cross rather than to the notoriously corrupt San Francisco city government. (Strupp, 18-23)
From that small initial aid "reimbursement," the federal role in disaster relief has grown – some would say exponentially. In 1950, Congress gave the President the power to designate "disaster areas." The designation triggers the availability of federal funds for rebuilding infrastructure and public buildings like schools, courts, libraries, police and fire departments, and other public institutions. In 1969, the Disaster Relief Act made federal aid available to individual citizens. In 1979 President Jimmy Carter issued the executive order that created FEMA, the Federal Emergency Management Administration.
The disasters of the 20th and 21st centuries can be studied as real world experiments, generating data to analyze and evaluate how effective the government is in the growing number of disaster-relief roles it has taken on. We have chosen Hurricane Katrina as the case-study focus of this lesson. (Please see entry in the "Catalogue of Disasters" appendix to the Introduction for background data on Hurricane Katrina.) Katrina may seem unique in our contemporary national experience of major disasters, but in the larger historical perspective, this is true only in the specifics of time and place. The story of inadequate and failed government response has been told and retold, and the anecdotes circulating in the media and on the Internet are disturbingly like those from the last disaster and the one before that. We recognize that the nature and quality of the information to be gleaned from anecdotes varies and that care must be taken when using anecdotes as evidence. To that end, the Katrina stories selected to illustrate points of analysis in this lesson are those we believe to be representative of modern government disaster response and relief.
*(Comparable to $300 million (nominal GDP per capita) or $1 billion (relative share of GDP) in 2006 dollars.) It is worth noting that, to some extent, this aid can be considered a case of the federal government's hand being forced. The acting commander of the Presidio, Army General Frederick Funston, ordered his troops into the city to begin rescue operations without contacting either his superiors or city officials. Additionally, he requisitioned and distributed supplies from West coast military depots before being given authority to do so. Although he did subsequently gain after-the-fact permission from Secretary of War Taft, the eventual allocation of aid by Congress does have the air of being essentially a "reimbursement" for the expenses he initiated.
PART 1: WHAT GOVERNMENT SHOULD DO
1. The challenge for government in disaster response and relief is determining when it should take a "hands-on" role and become actively involved, and when the goal of recovery is best-served by stepping back in favor of other institutions better suited to the task.
The rule of rational choice directs decision-makers to choose the alternative with the greatest excess of benefits over costs. This rule applies not only to private decision-makers but also to government decision-makers: Governments should undertake those activities for which the expected benefits outweigh the expected costs.
There is general agreement among economists that those instances in which the benefits of government action outweigh the costs include:
maintaining and enforcing the rule of law, and
providing public goods.
Economists distinguish between "public goods" and "publicly-provided goods." Both are paid for by government spending of tax and other revenues. Public goods are those that would not be provided by private firms because they are non-rivalrous (consumption by one person does not diminish consumption by others) and non-exclusive (non-payers, or "free riders" cannot be excluded), making them not profitable. National defense is an example.
Many other publicly-provided goods might well be profitable for private firms in the absence of government provision, but we have, collectively, made a decision to pay for their production with public funds. Public schooling is an example.
2. As institutionalized in the United States, the basic role of government is to establish and enforce the "rules of the game" by maintaining civil order and the rule of law.
"The robustness of . . . markets and civil society depends crucially upon the social rules we tend to take for granted – rules of private property, the rule of law, contract enforcement, and basic rights of self-determination. As crucial as these rules are for day-to-day interaction, they are all the more important to ensure in the wake of disaster. [emphasis added]. . . By enforcing property rights and contracts or restraining inflation, for example, governments help to clarify and enforce 'the rules of the game' for our daily interactions with one another. When good rules such as these are clear and well-enforced, the signals that emerge in markets and other social interactions tend to be robust and allow the interactions between members of society to be more fruitful and peaceful. Citizens of liberal democracies tend to take these 'rules of the game' for granted, but they are vital to our daily interactions and overall well-being." (Chamlee-Wright, 15-17)
The immediate benefits of using military and police presence to keep the peace, deter violence, and protect property are quite clear, but it is also important to recognize the long-term benefits of re-establishing civil order.
By enforcing the rule of law when disaster strikes, government provides a stable foundation of expectations upon which individuals can make choices among the alternatives they face – even, and especially, when their alternatives are limited or undesirable.
When the rule of law is uncertain and when the rules of the game are inconsistent or subject to constant change, people and businesses delay decisions about whether to leave or return to the disaster area, whether to try to re-establish their businesses or give them up, whether to move back or move away.
Re-establishing and maintaining the rules of the game stabilizes social institutions like schools and churches that are essential to attracting people and businesses back into disaster-damaged communities
Restoration of civil order empowers non-government response, through which other institutions begin to re-establish the normal activities of the community.
Disaster preparation has received a lot of attention in the recent past. In fact, people who live in every corner of the world prepare for various disasters such as famine and war. Some of them even prepare for zombies. It is always better to prepare to face disasters as they can hit us at unexpected times. However, it should be done according to a plan. That's where The Lost Ways comes into play. This guide follows a scientific approach to help people prepare for disasters. In fact, it would let people know about the secret methods followed by the ancestors to survive disasters. They include a variety of disasters such as droughts, diseases, financial crisis, wars, famines and everything else life threw at them. For More Information about The Lost Ways Survival Guide Click Here
On some occasions, government can help to re-establish the rule of law and civil order by temporarily altering the old rules of the game to fit the needs of the current situation.
The April 18, 1906, San Francisco earthquake and subsequent fire was one of the greatest natural catastrophes in North American history. (See addendum to Introduction for details of the disaster devastation.)A quick change in the rules of the game by California Governor George Pardee helped to prevent the financial collapse of a major American commercial center.Pardee declared every day between April 18 and June 3, 1906, a legal holiday.Since banks may not operate on legal holidays, he made it possible for businesses to postpone payment dates. His insightful action prevented the financial chaos that might have ensued in the initial panicked realization that most business and banking records had burned up. By June, banks and businesses were able to reconstruct records and reconnect with customers to set accounts right. (Strupp)
More recently, the federal government's decision to change the rules of the game in the market for fuel helped to prevent a gasoline crisis in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina.
The combined impact of Hurricanes Katrina and Rita was to greatly reduce American oil refining capacity.At the peak of the shutdowns, refineries were processing 5 millions of barrels of oil less per daythan before the storms hit.(For statistics detailing the damage to Gulf Coast production capability, please see the Case Study: "The Gasoline Market Coped with Supply Shock . . ." in Lesson 2.)
Mercatus analyst Alastair Walling argued that the federal government helped to avert an oil crisis simply by getting out of the way.
WHEN THE GOVERNMENT HANDS-OFF HELPS: AVERTING A KATRINA OIL-CRISIS
". . . [W]hile the media fixated on the federal government's failures, they ignored the quiet successes achieved by the regulatory restraint shown in the wake of the disaster. At both the state and federal level, government waived or relaxed many regulations whose strict upholding would have imposed additional hardship on the people of the Gulf Coast and hindered recovery efforts.. . . Gasoline evaporates easily during the warm summer months and, subsequently, produces more smog. In order to remain compliant with environmental regulations, refineries produce blends of summer gasoline that, although harder to make, evaporate less easily than winter gasoline. As Hurricane Katrina was knocking out refining capacity left and right, previously refined stocks of perfectly good, but at the time illegal, winter gasoline sat waiting. The EPA . . . simply authorized the early use of winter gasoline, which instantly increased the gas supply available to the market.The early release of winter gasoline may not have been enough if inadequate supplies of diesel fuel, combined with increased demand associated with trucking relief supplies to the Gulf Coast, ended up immobilizing the heavy-duty tanker trucks needed to transport it. Worried that a diesel shortage might immobilize transportation, the EPA also lifted restrictions on high-sulfur diesel fuel . . . [used by trucks carrying relief supplies].. . . Refiners design boutique fuels for use in markets that cannot meet federal air quality standards without specialty fuel. These markets may be as small as a single city or as large as most of Southern California . . . . While boutique fuels may produce cleaner air, they have definitely fractured the national market for gasoline. If stocks of a particular boutique fuel run low in its given market, then suppliers cannot simply ship in non-conforming blends from other markets.
. . . Following Hurricane Katrina, the EPA moved quickly to issue waivers suspending boutique fuel requirements. Not only did this make gasoline fungible again, but it opened the American market to foreign refiners, who usually do not produce EPA-mandated fuels. (Walling, 10-11)
3. A second role for which government institutions are well-suited is providing the public goods that form the infrastructure of a community. In disasters, public goods may include such activities as search-and-rescue operations and evacuation coordination.
The non-rivalrous, non-exclusive characteristics of true public goods makes them subject to the "free-rider" problem and thus not profitable for private producers.
Exclusivity, the ability to withhold from people the benefits of a good or service for which they have not paid, is the source of entrepreneurs' profit and of their incentive to produce. When a good or service is non-exclusive, private firms are unlikely to produce it, because free-riders can benefit without paying the producer. Government, however, can compel payment in the form of taxes.
The classic example of a true public good is national defense: It is non-rivalrous, meaning that the amount of national defense provided to one citizen does not reduce the amount available to others. And, national defense is non-exclusive; once it has been produced, it cannot be withheld from those "free riders" who choose not to purchase.
It is also likely that as a practical matter, search and rescue operations are a public good. In principle, one can imagine private search and rescue firms who, for subscription fee, or payment for services rendered, could provide many of the services now provided by the Coast Guard.
Indeed, when it comes to protection of physical property, many firms offer such services, for example private firms that tow into ports boats that have become disabled at sea.
But when it comes to the preservation of human lives, it is unlikely to see such services on a widespread scale. Consider the owner of such a firm who receives a rescue call that happens to come from a non-subscriber or from someone who cannot afford the charges. Could the owner really bring himself to let a person die under such circumstances? And even if he could, what would be the legal (or even the public relations) ramifications of doing so? Under such circumstances, many in the community would simply refuse to subscribe, reasoning that they are likely to be rescued in any event. Thus, as with national defense, there appears to be a valid role for the government offering such services, paid for out of mandatory taxes.
News coverage of police and national guard putting their own lives in danger to rescue and protect citizens in the chaos of Hurricane Katrina vividly memorialized the important functions that government performs in times of disaster – and perhaps we need to be reminded of the value of the civil order and stable rule of law that we have the luxury of taking for granted. But we began this lesson with reference to the fury of nature being followed by the fury of citizens at their government's ineptitude.
PART 2: WHAT WE SHOULD NOT ASK GOVERNMENT TO DO AND WHY
4. Based on the rule of rational choice, government should not undertake in disasters those activities for which the benefits do not outweigh the costs – activities like getting supplies to victims and rebuilding disaster-stricken communities.
Government's poor performance in disaster relief is best explained not by reference to venal and/or incompetent officials but instead by the centralized nature of government and the incentives that accompany government decision-making.
Economic analysis of the dismal record of federal, state, and local agencies in disasters like Hurricane Katrina suggests that part of our disappointment is an inevitable result of expecting government to perform functions for which it is ill-suited. Public choice economists have identified key factors that explain why government cannot – and, perhaps, should not be expected to – perform well the growing list of relief and rebuilding tasks it has been assigned over the last century:
Centralized institutions like governments cannot efficiently gather, process, and act upon the widely dispersed, localized information that is key to disaster response.
Government's difficulty harnessing knowledge is exacerbated by bureaucratic institutional structure.
Government lacks an effective feedback mechanism for evaluating whether their disaster relief efforts are succeeding in meeting the needs of disaster victims.
The incentives that face managers and employees in government agencies reduce effectiveness in disaster response.
Government attempts to shelter people from disaster or to ameliorate their losses afterwards create moral hazards and perverse outcomes.
Government disaster-relief programs are prone to unintended consequences.
5. Government agencies have difficulty providing for people's wants and needs in disaster because they are unable to overcome what economist Friedrich von Hayek famously identified as the knowledge problem – that ". . . knowledge of the circumstances of which we must make use never exists in concentrated or integrated form, but solely as the dispersed bits of incomplete and frequently contradictory knowledge which all the separate individuals possess . . . . "(Hayek, 519-20)
Centralized disaster response thus faces two significant obstacles:
The difficulties of gathering and communicating the fragmented, chaotic, and dispersed information from the disaster-stricken area to those responsible for responding
People who are familiar with the local conditions, needs, and available resources will not be involved in the decision-making. (Hayek, 521-24)
Economists Russell Sobel and Peter Leeson of the non-profit Mercatus Center at George Mason University illustrate Hayek's contention that centralized direction cannot overcome the knowledge problem as they describe FEMA relief and recovery efforts after Hurricane Katrina.
FEMA FAILURE – MORE THAN BAD LEADERSHIP
". . . Information is fragmented, diverse, and often contained in inarticulate forms, held separately and locally by the many individuals who compose society. . . . [T]he foremost obstacle that every effort at social coordination must overcome is somehow tapping into this dispersed information and processing it in forms that individuals can use to mutually achieve their ends.. . . We argue that natural disaster management is no different in this regard than coordinating individuals in 'normal' economic contexts. Following a natural disaster there are 'relief demanders' – individuals who desperately need disaster relief supplies, including evacuation, food, shelter, medical attention, etc. On the other side, there are 'relief suppliers' – individuals ready and willing to bring their supplies and expertise to bear on the needs of relief demanders. On both sides of this 'market' information is decentralized, local, and often inarticulate. Relief demanders know when relief is needed, what they need, and in what quantities, but not necessarily who has the relief supplies they require or how to obtain them. Similarly, relief suppliers know what relief supplies they have and how they can help but may be largely unaware of whether relief is required and, if it is, what is needed, by whom, in what locations and quantities. (pp. 2-3). . . When government substitutes central planning for markets, essential information is generated in an untimely fashion, generated inaccurately, or not generated at all. Because of this, central planning cannot effectively coordinate decision making among numerous and dispersed individuals with different endowments, wants and needs.. . . There is no reason to think that FEMA, or any other government agency charged with FEMA's task, is immune to the information problem.. . . Our finding that an inability to overcome the information problem is the root cause of government's failure to effectively manage natural disaster relief casts doubt on recent explanations of FEMA's failure following Hurricane Katrina. One strand of argument, for example, suggests that an unfortunate succession of 'bad directors,' culminating in the leadership of former FEMA director Michael Brown, is the reason for this failure. Our analysis suggests that although incompetent directorship may exacerbate government's inability to effectively manage natural disasters, it is of subsidiary importance to Hayek's knowledge problem. . . . Even the most benevolent and effective of directors cannot overcome this problem, which stems from inherent organization of government management, which is centralized.. . . [B]ad leadership does not help, but neither does it explain the core failure of the system. Replacing Stalin with Mother Theresa or Albert Einstein would have been no more help for the Soviet economy than replacing Michael Brown or the current FEMA director with one of these individuals would be." (Sobel &Leeson, "The Use of Knowledge," 2, 3, 21-23)
The United States is one of many economies that have achieved high levels of well-being by choosing not to rely on central planning. We have created a system that incorporates Hayek's insight – government is inherently incapable (not unwilling) of overcoming the obstacle of dispersed economic information. Logically, we should also recognize that the knowledge problem that restricts government effectiveness in normal times does not disappear in crisis. Instead, it escalates.
Beyond the obvious difficulties imposed by damage to transportation and communication infrastructure, disasters exacerbate the knowledge problem by further fragmenting information. Additionally, disaster conditions vary considerably from locality to locality, increasing the volume of critical information.
6. Government's inability to effectively harness knowledge and information is further exacerbated by bureaucratic institutional structure.
Bureaucratic structures are characterized by detailed procedures, strict protocols, and line-of-command decision-making.
Nobel laureate Gordon Tullock reasoned that bureaucracy is an effective (some would argue, necessary) mechanism for centrally-directed institutions where people's choices are not constrained by competition for profit, as they would be in a market.
One of the problems inherent in carrying out government policies is to organize subordinates so that they will behave as their superiors want them to behave – that is, by contributing to the goal that has been identified through the political process. Bureaucratic structures create incentives for employees to contribute: benefits accrue to those who follow procedures and protocols and costs are borne by those who do not.
While the bureaucratic incentive structure may, indeed, be necessary to the functioning of government, it is a cumbersome method of dealing with the knowledge problem and – as was clearly evident during Hurricane Katrina – inevitably slows disaster response.
Some have seen this problem coming for a long time and changed their entire way of life by going off-grid. They have found alternative sources such as solar, wind and diesel to power their homes and machinery. A majority of us, who have not gone off-grid, are making a concerted effort to avoid dependence on this ailing infrastructure and preparing for life without it.
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text:
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import java.util.ArrayList;

import sg.togoparts.json.PostAdOnLoadResult.Picture;

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	private String contactno;
	private String contactperson;
	private String time_to_contact;

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	private String size;
	private String colour;
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	private String picturelink;
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	public boolean isD_mtb() {
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	public void setD_bmx(boolean d_bmx) {
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		this.colour = colour;
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	}

	public void setWarranty(int warranty) {
		this.warranty = warranty;
	}

	public String getPicturelink() {
		return picturelink;
	}

	public void setPicturelink(String picturelink) {
		this.picturelink = picturelink;
	}

	public double getPrice() {
		return price;
	}

	public void setPrice(double price) {
		this.price = price;
	}

	public int getPricetype() {
		return pricetype;
	}

	public void setPricetype(int pricetype) {
		this.pricetype = pricetype;
	}

	public double getOriginal_price() {
		return original_price;
	}

	public void setOriginal_price(double original_price) {
		this.original_price = original_price;
	}

	public boolean isClearance() {
		return clearance;
	}

	public void setClearance(boolean clearance) {
		this.clearance = clearance;
	}

	public String getAdpic1() {
		return adpic1;
	}

	public void setAdpic1(String adpic1) {
		this.adpic1 = adpic1;
	}

	public String getAdpic2() {
		return adpic2;
	}

	public void setAdpic2(String adpic2) {
		this.adpic2 = adpic2;
	}

	public String getAdpic3() {
		return adpic3;
	}

	public void setAdpic3(String adpic3) {
		this.adpic3 = adpic3;
	}

	public String getAdpic4() {
		return adpic4;
	}

	public void setAdpic4(String adpic4) {
		this.adpic4 = adpic4;
	}

	public String getAdpic5() {
		return adpic5;
	}

	public void setAdpic5(String adpic5) {
		this.adpic5 = adpic5;
	}

	public String getAdpic6() {
		return adpic6;
	}

	public void setAdpic6(String adpic6) {
		this.adpic6 = adpic6;
	}

	public String getSession_id() {
		return session_id;
	}

	public void setSession_id(String session_id) {
		this.session_id = session_id;
	}

	public ArrayList<Picture> getmExistPics() {
		return mExistPics;
	}

	public void setmExistPics(ArrayList<Picture> mExistPics) {
		this.mExistPics = mExistPics;
	}
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Arthur James is clearly fuming with his car's performance and gets into a shouting match with his crew chief before he even pulls into the pits.
Randy Flamethrower is interviewed on local TV in a ticket-selling effort. "The fans have been great, really supportive. We just wanna live UP to that support and bring 'ern a win this weekend, if we can."
Ben Stover has a "Perfect Storm" of great performance, pit crew cohesion and owner "love".
Valkyr Slipper has a very poor week. "I'm disappointed,yes. There's lots of factors, but bottom line is it falls on me to get it done."
TURN 1 - DUEL - Abnaber Salad elects not to duel at the moment, at such an early point in the race and with such a high chance of crashing out.
TURN 2 - REFLEX - TOP - Gary Gannet (7) squeezes out Colin McAdam and moves to #1. Lem Tables fails to move.
TURN 3 - TROUBLE - MIDDLE - Xander Louis escapes trouble. Flash Finley picks up some damage. Baker Mudfield avoids the crash. Checkers McGreen is fine. Tom Reynolds squirts around the issue. Sweet Clyde loses no time. Lars Ungar rolls on through, unscathed. Randy Flamethrower avoids trouble. Bargain Bill avoids trouble. Selinia Spiders avoids trouble. Prichard Elias slams into another car. Abnaber Salad loses no time. Flash Finley manages to repair and rejoins. Prichard Elias manages to repair and rejoins.
TURN 4 - YELLOW FLAG - There is no movement of cars as the debris is cleared and the track checked.
TURN 6 - PROBLEM - Xander Louis, in 8th place, has shifter issues and needs to pit to try a repair. He's successful, but at the back now.
TURN 7 - PIT TURN - Klodeus Cig (2) gains a boost from fast pit. Drew Breezus (3) gains a boost from fast pit. Lem Tables (7) gains a boost from fast pit. Colin McAdam attempts to take the lead from Gary Gannet. Colin McAdam stays put.
TURN 8 - CONTROL - TOP - Ben Stover isn't quick enough to move up. Lem Tables uses their performance boost to attack!. Lem Tables (4) overtakes Gary Gannet and moves to #1. Klodeus Cig (3) surges past Lem Tables and moves to #1.
TURN 9 - CONTROL - MIDDLE - Victor Lucky (19) passes and holds position from Lem Tables and moves to #2. Drew Breezus uses their performance boost to defend against Felix Mattherson Jr!. Selinia Spiders stays put. Bargain Bill fails to move up. Randy Flamethrower (14) squeezes out Drew Breezus and moves to #5. Lars Ungar (14) overtakes Gary Gannet and moves to #4. Tom Reynolds (13) cleanly passes Gary Gannet and moves to #5. Baker Mudfield fails to overtake Randy Flamethrower.
TURN 10 - TV - TOP - Klodeus Cig uses their performance boost to defend against Randy Flamethrower!
TURN 11 - TROUBLE - TOP - Klodeus Cig gets completely sideways. Victor Lucky avoids the crash. Lem Tables avoids trouble. Lars Ungar avoids trouble. Tom Reynolds squirts around the issue. Gary Gannet gets smashed into the wall. Randy Flamethrower loses no time. Klodeus Cig manages to repair and rejoins at #43. Gary Gannet manages to repair and rejoins at #43.
TURN 12 - YELLOW FLAG - There is no movement of cars as the debris is cleared and the track checked.
TURN 13 - YELLOW FLAG - There is no movement of cars as the debris is cleared and the track checked.
TURN 14 - STAR - BOTTOM - Xander Louis can't get the job done. Prichard Elias (40) dummies Selinia Spiders and moves to #14. Paul Blart fails to overtake Abnaber Salad. Cheech Kong isn't quick enough to move up. Aaliyah Stover (34) sells a dummy, just fitting through past Sweet Clyde and moves to #12. Arthur James (34) sells a dummy, just fitting through past Aaliyah Stover and moves to #12. Valkyr Slipper (34) passes and holds position from Baker Mudfield and moves to #10. Stanley Tee stays where they are. Winter McFish fails to move. Ariel Pryde (28) goes low and passes Bargain Bill and moves to #16.
TURN 15 - TV - TOP - Randy Flamethrower (5) settles in, waits, then passes Victor Lucky and moves to #1.
TURN 16 - TROUBLE - BOTTOM - Abnaber Salad avoids the crash. Felix Mattherson Jr escapes the problem. Marthis Fiino rolls on through, unscathed. Elias Prichard gets smashed into the wall. Daniel Burman loses a wing mirror and begins to smoke. Aaron Slipper avoids trouble. Fireplug Fitzpatrick gets smashed from behind. Adam James is fine. Takumi Fujiwara appears to have tyre damage. Gunther Heindrickson picks up some damage. Winter McFish escapes the problem. Hana Pryde is nudged to the side and spins. Manne Love picks up some damage. Remy Lurue escapes the problem. Stanley Tee just wiggles past. Cheech Kong gets smashed from behind. Ivan Bender suffers major damage. Xavier Tate escapes the problem. Juan Solo gets smashed from behind. Paul Blart escapes the problem. Flash Finley is collected in the wreckage. Xander Louis avoids the crash. Klodeus Cig escapes the problem. Gary Gannet gets T-boned. Elias Prichard fails to repair and is out of the race!. Daniel Burman fails to repair and is out of the race!. Fireplug Fitzpatrick manages to repair and rejoins at #41. Takumi Fujiwara manages to repair and rejoins at #41. Gunther Heindrickson manages to repair and rejoins at #41. Hana Pryde manages to repair and rejoins at #41. Manne Love manages to repair and rejoins at #41. Cheech Kong fails to repair and is out of the race!. Ivan Bender manages to repair and rejoins at #40. Juan Solo manages to repair and rejoins at #40. Flash Finley manages to repair and rejoins at #40. Gary Gannet manages to repair and rejoins at #40.
TURN 17 - PIT TURN - Baker Mudfield (13) gains a boost from fast pit. Aaliyah Stover (14) gains a boost from fast pit. Ariel Pryde (16) gains a boost from fast pit. Prichard Elias (18) gains a boost from fast pit. Selinia Spiders (19) gains a boost from fast pit. Lem Tables (3) gains a boost from fast pit. Lars Ungar (4) gains a boost from fast pit. Tom Reynolds (5) gains a boost from fast pit. Drew Breezus (6) gains a boost from fast pit. Lem Tables attempts to take the lead from Randy Flamethrower. Lem Tables (2) takes the lead!
TURN 18 - YELLOW FLAG - There is no movement of cars as the debris is cleared and the track checked, with there still being issues after the big crash back on turn 16.
TURN 19 - STAR - BOTTOM - Xander Louis (30) dummies Arthur James and moves to #16. Paul Blart fails to get enough of a push to move up. Ariel Pryde uses their performance boost to defend against Stanley Tee!. Winter McFish fails to get enough of a push to move up. Felix Mattherson Jr fails to move up. Baker Mudfield uses their performance boost to defend against Abnaber Salad!.
TURN 20 - RARE - MIDDLE - It's a black flag for Prichard Elias: aggressive behaviour. He's sent to the back.
TURN 21 - RARE – TOP - A sudden rain storm appears to be brewing, having hung around a few miles from the track all race. It threatens the event - we'll keep an eye on the skies.
TURN 22 - SMART - BOTTOM - Flash Finley (38) breezes past Checkers McGreen and moves to #14. Ivan Bender stays put. Gunther Heindrickson (34) side drafts and passes Valkyr Slipper and moves to #18. Klodeus Cig (32) sells a dummy, sails past Flash Finley and moves to #14. Paul Blart fails to get enough of a push to move up. Stanley Tee isn't quick enough to move up. Winter McFish (28) surges past Checkers McGreen and moves to #16.
TURN 23 - HEAT - BOTTOM - Prichard Elias (40) smoothly passes Baker Mudfield and moves to #8. Aaliyah Stover uses their performance boost to defend against Gary Gannet. Juan Solo (39) side drafts and passes Aaliyah Stover and moves to #10. Prichard Elias uses their performance boost to defend against Manne Love. Hana Pryde stays where they are. Takumi Fujiwara fails to move up. Adam James fails to get enough of a push to move up. Aaron Slipper (29) sells a dummy, sails past Winter McFish and moves to #18.
TURN 24 - SKILL - MIDDLE - Flash Finley can't get the job done. Klodeus Cig fails to move up. Ignacio Del Gato (15) cleanly passes Colin McAdam and moves to #7. Ben Stover isn't quick enough to move up. Aaliyah Stover stays where they are. Prichard Elias (9) settles in, waits, then passes Ignacio Del Gato and moves to #7.
TURN 25 - DUEL - Drew Breezus decides against a duel, happy with his current finish position at this stage in the season.
LEM TABLES WINS THE SALUTE TO THE TROOPS 250!
Lem Tables, Selinia Spiders, Lars Ungar, Tom Reynolds and Drew Breezus all have unspent boosts and will be contacted shortly.


text:
My World Cup Bracket: Aaron Barton's Predictions
Aaron Barton / Author, Matt Sisneros / Design
Destiny is in your hands. Play the Opta Million, predict your bracket correctly and you could win $1 million. To give you an idea of how you could fill out your Opta Million bracket, Aaron Barton takes us through his own predictions about what he expects will happen at the 2022 World Cup in Qatar.
The Group Stage exit. Every manager, player and supporters' worst nightmare. The build up to a FIFA World Cup is long and drawn out, with qualification matches kicking off as early as two years before the competition starts. Yet for 16 teams their World Cup hopes and dreams will be over after just three matches.
The most frightening thing about a group stage exit is that history has proven it can happen to anyone. Spain had won the 2008 European Championships, the 2010 World Cup and the 2012 European Championships but found themselves dumped out of the 2014 World Cup after consecutive defeats at the hands of Netherlands and Chile.
In the same tournament over in Group D, who can forget Italy and England crashing out at the first hurdle, with Costa Rica going on to top the group with Uruguay finishing runners up. In Group G, Portugal also headed home after finishing third behind Germany and the United States.
Let's see who I believe will be booking their tickets to the knockouts and who is catching an early flight home.
World Cup Bracket: The Group Stage
Canada qualify for the last 16 for the first time in their history.
South American giants, Uruguay, Argentina and Brazil all win their groups.
England progress serenely.
Portugal come into this tournament in a rather peculiar state. Fernando Santos' ultra-talented side missed out on direct qualification and had to go through the World Cup play-offs, beating surprise finalists North Macedonia after they knocked out Italy in the semi-finals.
With a generation as stacked as Portugal's, the expectations should be sky high for A Seleção, but with injuries to the likes of Diogo Jota and Pedro Neto, as well as many players coming into the tournament in poor form or in the case of Cristiano Ronaldo, with barely any minutes at club level, and with Fernando Santos' conservative tactics, I expect Portugal to start slow and struggle in the group but as their form picks up they will do just enough to finish in second place behind Uruguay.
Canada head to Qatar for only their second ever FIFA World Cup, 36 years after their last appearance at football's biggest party.
The Canadians topped their CONCACAF World Cup qualifying group, finishing above the likes of Mexico, USA and Costa Rica. John Herdman's side guaranteed their place at the World Cup after beating Jamaica 4-0 in Toronto, sparking pandemonium in the crowds at BMO field.
Les Rouges have a squad that's more than capable of causing an upset in Group H. They will travel to the tournament with the likes of Lille striker Jonathan David, Bayern Munich's Alphonso Davies and former Portugal U21 international Stephen Eustáquio, who has settled in well at FC Porto since his move from Pacos de Ferreira.
Argentina come into the 2022 World Cup in scintillating form, and I expect this form to carry on throughout the group stage where I expect them to win all three of their matches
They last tasted defeat way back in June 2019 at the hands of Brazil, but since then they have gone on an unbeaten streak lasting 35 games, winning 26 of those including a 1-0 win in the Copa America final vs. Brazil and a 3-0 demolition of Italy in the Finalissima.
Lionel Messi has been in sensational form so far this season for Paris Saint-Germain, creating chances and scoring goals aplenty both in Ligue 1 and in the UEFA Champions League. He is playing with more confidence and that is excellent news for Lionel Scaloni and the Argentina team.
Another South American side I expect to progress from their group with relative ease is Brazil.
Like Argentina, they come into the tournament in superb form and are scoring goals thanks to their attacking depth. Across their last seven games, they have won all seven with a combined scoreline of 26-3.
At club level Brazil have several superstars who are in red hot form. Vinícius Júnior and Rodrygo at Real Madrid are both enjoying superb seasons, Neymar has a whopping nine goals and seven assists in 11 Ligue 1 games for Paris Saint-Germain and in the Premier League, Arsenal's Gabriel Jesus and Liverpool's Roberto Firmino are the joint-top and top scorers for their respective clubs in the league.
Brazil may have only made it past the quarter-finals once since 2002, but there is a real sense that this year they could become the Hexacampeão by lifting their sixth FIFA World Cup trophy.
Portugal shock Brazil
Germany edge past Belgium
England crash out to Senegal
This round of 16 throws up some pretty interesting ties, England square off against Senegal, Belgium take on Germany but the pick of the fixtures is Portugal vs. Brazil.
After struggling in Group H, Portugal will go on to knock Brazil out thanks to a hard-fought, defensively resolute performance where Santos' men play largely on the counter-attack, always looking to catch Brazil cold. To add a bit of extra spice, this could be a fixture that sees Portugal field up to three Brazilians in Pepe, Otávio and Matheus Nunes. Portugal will square off against Iberian rivals Spain in the quarter-finals.
England will crash out in the first knockout round, losing to Senegal who are the only African team remaining in the competition. I can see the defending AFCON champions playing with no fear and attacking a nervous England from the off and ultimately getting the win to set up a quarter-final with France.
Germany will advance to the quarter-finals thanks to a slender victory against Belgium. I can see the wide players of Germany finding time and space in behind Belgium's wing-backs again and again again. Germany will take on Uruguay, who eliminated Serbia in the Round of 16.
Spain end Portugal's time in Qatar
Senegal knock out defending champions France and become the first ever African team to reach the World Cup semi-finals
Germany continue to grind out results
It will be heartbreak for Portugal as they are eliminated by Spain. Much like the recent UEFA Nations League game, Portugal will fail to take the game to Spain, instead remaining happy to keep the game at 0-0 before committing men late on. However much like in the last encounter, Portugal will be punished. It's a gameplan and a match narrative that is becoming all too familiar for the Portuguese.
Senegal will pull off an almighty shock by knocking out defending champions France and become the first ever African team to reach the World Cup semi-finals. Sadio Mane leads his team to glory with one of the greatest individual World Cup performances.
Argentina will have enough to get past Netherlands in this quarter-final clash, I see them scoring early and then managing the game expertly.
Germany will find a way past a resilient Uruguay on penalties to book their ticket to the semi-finals. I actually see Germany as being one of the lowest-scoring team to make the semi-finals and on this occasion, they required penalties following a 0-0 draw. For the German supporters, it's a welcome return to good World Cup form following their horrendous performance in 2018 where they were dumped out in the group stages after losing to Mexico and South Korea.
Argentina and Germany set up a showdown to repeat the 2014 World Cup final
I see the match between Argentina and Spain being a cagey, tactical affair with both sides reluctant to put themselves in a position where they could make a mistake. Spain have youthful energy in the midfield but will fail to create the killer chance they need and the match will go to penalties. Argentina will score every single spot-kick to fire themselves into the final, making it two final appearances in the last three tournaments.
Germany send Senegal crashing out and end their hopes of being the first African team to reach a World Cup final. Senegal fight with heart and bravery but Germany ruthlessly pick them off in the second-half, winning the game 3-1 to set up a showdown with Argentina.
Argentina claim revenge for their 2014 final defeat
We have a repeat of the 2014 World Cup final, where Mario Gotze's 113th-minute winner saw Germany crowned champions for a fourth time.
This is the ninth World Cup final appearance for Germany, having previously won four and lost four of their finals.
Incredibly, the two sides have squared off seven times in the World Cup, with Argentina winning on just one occasion.
My World Cup prediction ends with Argentina lifting the World Cup trophy for the first time since 1986. Argentina's match winner comes in the form of Ángel Di María, who was touch and go before the competition as whether he would even make it to Qatar following a hamstring injury. His winning goal in extra-time is the difference on the night.
World Cup Podcast
Argentina Advance, Spain Hopeful of Success | World Cup Preview | The Data Day Live
2 months ago Graham Bell, Matt Furniss, Antonio Maza, Albert Valor
England, USA March on but What's to Come From France? | World Cup Preview | The Data Day Live
2 months ago Graham Bell, Matt Furniss, Dan Edwards
Brazil, Portugal and Ghana Victorious as England and Wales Await Fate | World Cup Preview | The Data Day Live
2 months ago Matt Furniss, Graham Bell, Aaron Barton, Owuraku Ampofo, Augusto Oazi
Get Set for England vs USA | World Cup Preview | The Data Day Live
2 months ago Graham Bell, Matt Furniss, Duncan Alexander, Owuraku Ampofo

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Too often people suffering from some kind of gluten intolerance walk away from a negative celiac disease test not realizing they may still be suffering some kind of non-celiac gluten intolerance. If your blood test indicates the symptoms you've been experiencing are not actually caused by celiac disease, you may still be suffering from a gluten-related condition.
Dermatitis herpetiformis symptoms can include patches of small red or pink blisters and itching on certain areas of skin. DH is one of the more tangible and visible of the possible gluten intolerance symptoms, but there can be other causes of this skin condition. To determine if gluten intolerance is the cause of your outbreaks consider getting tested for gluten intolerance. Luckily there are some effective treatment options available.


text:
December 21, 2022 Graphic
Clip Studio Paint EX 1.13.0 Crack Free Download [Latest] 2023
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My 450SLC was starting to slip a little in reverse, especially under load (e.g. up a hill). The transmission was shifting gears very well other than this one area, and the fluid looked clean and at the right level.


probably yiazmat's easiest game so far, a lot of interesting and really short rooms and saves with jumps different from your usual needle game and chill aesthetics and music for the most part, all around clever use of vines and different types of water as well. very simple but also very fun, worth giving it a shot.
A needle game focusing on weird executions with vine needle, primarily.
First stage is pretty bad with precise one-jump needle, a lot of full jump setups and no real balance. Its not too long, however, and outside of one really super awkward vine jump shouldn't take long to get through. Second stage is however interesting with a bit longer saves with a lot of interesting execution built around different water types, platforms and vines. There's a lot of jumps wiht a lot of little inputs but balanced well enough that none of those inputs are super precise which makes it feel interesting rather than grindy.
Worth playing if you don't mind getting past some junk to try out some weird creative vine/water needle.


PDF Baked Embedded Fonts Feature ?!
Hello friends, I placed a layered APh file into another file that's a comp. I edited the embedded APh file several times, so my original embedded doc as saved on disk is outdated. I now want to save out the embedded file as it's own file back to disk. When I go to edit the embedded document, Save As… is grayed out. What's the best way to save my file back to disk?
While editing an embedded document, using the cmd/ctrl+s shortcut to "save" the file results in no action taken, i.e. neither the embedded document nor the parent document are saved. Given that it isn't possible to save an embedded document separately from the parent document, this results in a situation where the user thinks the document is saved (as there is no negative feedback/error beep) but the state hasn't been saved to disk.
Hello and a Merry Christmas to all in the Forum, I've been trying to find a good workflow for using Affinity Designer in my projects. I am fascinated by the embedded documents feature. Saw a couple of videos of how to live edit documents in documents but I want to do something different. I want to create a document with different artbords and place/embbed/link (?) this document in SEVERAL other documents. (It's UX Design - each artbord presents a different screenshot and the other documents are Usage Mockups, Adds and a User-Manual) Then I want to modify the First Document (UX-Artboards) and then make the other documents update to these changes. Can't find the button. Or do I have to use "replace" each and every time?
Hi everyone, I got a question regarding the embedding of files (images, designer-files, etc.). Do I miss something or is it intended that you can't edit the original file but instead editing like an instance of the original instead? I have the following scenario: Graphic artist A: He makes the layout and the design of an ad. (filename: ad.afdesign) Graphic artist B: He takes the ad designed by artist A and uses them in a brochure. (filename: brochure.afdesign) Artist B embeds the ad.afdesign in his file with the 'place image tool'. Artist A makes a change in the file ad.afdesign. Now it would be nice if the ad embedded in the brochure would update, but that's not the case, right? Anything I'm missing here?
convert layers, or groups to embeded files ?
I'm editing an Affinity Designer file with lots of heavy embedded Affinity Photo files within it. Until today, I was able to double click the embedded files and edit them inside Affinity Designer. A new tab named "EMBEDDED [M]" would open, I would edit what I wanted in whatever persona I needed and then I would close the tab. Suddenly, I'm not able to edit those embedded files anymore. They are properly rendered in the main .afdesign file, but when I try to edit them, Affinity Designer simply crashes. I replaced the embedded files, tried starting a new Designer file, but this bug is not restricted to that one .afdesign, I think it might be related to the file paths, because I changed my directory structure. Is there a way to prevent the crashes? Or to make the embedded files "local"? Or even to "relink" the embedded files? Additional info: all my files are synced to Google Drive. Thanks in Advance!
How can I export an embedded file ?
Hi, I am wondering if there is a way to export an embedded file as a native Affinity file ? I know this can seem like an unusual need but it can occur more times then I'd thought. For now I create a new document with the same dimensions and copy paste the elements from the embedded document in it. It works but that's not really pretty. The only other way I found is to export the file as a PSD then convert it back to AD but this seems a good way to loose some features and creates inaccuracies. Did I miss something or should it be added to the features requests ?


text:
Aegyptobia ambrosiae är en spindeldjursart som beskrevs av Baker och James P. Tuttle 1987. Aegyptobia ambrosiae ingår i släktet Aegyptobia och familjen Tenuipalpidae. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Spindeldjur
ambrosiae

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Alliance Town Center Achieves LEED Rating
Freemon Baker
Senior VP – Leasing
fbaker@trademarkproperty.com
Hillwood's Alliance Town Center has been recognized by the U.S. Green Building Council with its LEED for Neighborhood Development certification, becoming one of only two projects in Texas, and among only 80 in the U.S., to receive the top designation.
The designation is one of the most difficult sustainable development certifications to obtain, Hillwood said. It is the third and final step in an extensive certification process.
"Alliance Town Center is one of the most carefully designed and developed master-planned projects in Texas," said Mike Berry, president of Hillwood Properties, developer of AllianceTexas. "We are proud to receive this certification and to be recognized for the strategic focus we bring to building high quality, sustainable programs in all of our developments."
Alliance Town Center is located on the east side of Interstate 35W and North Tarrant Parkway. The LEED, or Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design, certification area includes a 155-acre area at Heritage Trace Parkway and North Riverside Drive, Hillwood said.
LEED for Neighborhood Development recognizes exemplary development projects that successfully protect and enhance the overall health, natural environment and quality of life in communities, Hillwood said. It also promotes green building and green infrastructure practices, particularly efficient energy and water use.
Alliance Town Center is a joint venture with Trademark Property Cos. in Fort Worth.
Sandra Baker
Posted by Star-Telegram at 09:31:54 AM
Read more here: http://blogs.star-telegram.com/dfwjobs/2012/01/hillwoods-alliance-town-c…
For media inquiries, please contact our press office:
Allison Klingsick
469.547.0211 Contact via e-mail
New York Life Taps Trademark to Manage Redevelopment of North Point Mall in Metro Atlanta
Emerging 2021 CRE Trends with PwC's Byron Carlock
Trademark to Lead The Repositioning of North Point


Probably the best burgers in town. Cold beer & Discoteque.
The legendary and perhaps the best known restaurant in Levi.
The menu includes famous burgers, delicious steaks and much more. The lava stone grill is the heart of the kitchen that serves you the most rock'n roll food you have ever tasted. Also take-away. In the evenings you can try the karaoke plus during winter season the karaoke is there for you also during the day.
Every day 3:00 pm. – 04:00 am.
À la carte every day 3 pm. – 10:30 pm.
Our famous burgers are served with fries, tomato, red onion, salad and pickled cucumber. We have gluten free options also.


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Home » News » Man arrested for killing woman in hit-and-run in DeSoto County
Man arrested for killing woman in hit-and-run in DeSoto County
by Sarah Metts
12:17 AM EDT, Wed November 03, 2021
DESOTO COUNTY, Fla. — A man was arrested for leaving the scene of a hit-and-run crash in Desoto County, FHP said.
22-year-old Lindsey Turner was the victim of a fatal hit-and-run on October 20.
According to Florida Highway Patrol, Turner was walking along the shoulder of State Road 70, when Paul Poffenbarger, 36, swerved in her direction and hit her in the head with his truck's passenger-side mirror.
He then fled the scene and was later arrested.
Lindsey's sister, Leila, told reporters that she was out canoeing with her fiance when Lindsey decided to walk up the road to get drinks from the nearby Sunoco.
Lindsey and her sister were very close.
"I loved her with everything," said Leila. "I'm just so destroyed."
FEMA reneges on temporary shelter meant for DeSoto County women
Man dies after crashing into Freightliner in Sarasota County
"Rather than stopping and rendering care, he decided to take off," said Rickey Cressy, a close family friend.
Lindsey was taken to Sarasota Memorial Hospital in critical condition. She ended up passing away one week after the accident.
"Her brain swelling was double than what it normally should have been," said Cressy.
Cressy created a GoFundMe page to try and help the family with funeral expenses. He said he wants Lindsey's story to be told, so hopefully, there is change in the future.
"You can't put a price tag on anybody's life," said Cressy.
Tags: DeSoto Countyfhphit and run
Video: Fort Myers police search for men who stole money from a gaming machine
White House press secretary Jen Psaki tests positive for COVID


Your family can be your greatest source of support, comfort and love. The number one need we all have is the need for acceptance and belonging. Having those needs met by your family is the most powerful feeling there is.
No matter how hard we try, when it comes to family life there are going to be times of hurt, pain and grief. Family therapy can help your family weather these storms. Family therapy can help patch strained relationships among family members and improve how your family works together. Whether it's yourself, your partner, a child or even a sibling or parent, family therapy can help all of you relate more harmoniously. Making a commitment to relationship and family counseling can be a first, yet important, step towards a more rewarding and successful family life.
All the common forms of family therapy attempt to influence what is going on using more than one member of the family.
Supportive Family Therapy is often used as a way of allowing family members to say how they feel about a problem in a safe, caring setting. Sometimes, the problem can be really difficult to deal with at home (for example, caring for a sick child), and this provides an opportunity for families to get together, and openly talk about it, as well as offer practical advice and information about further sources of help.
Family therapy using Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) techniques attempts to change the ways people think or behave in order to reduce or get rid of the problem. Homework tasks may be set, or specific behavioral programs might be drawn up.
Family therapy using Psychodynamic ideas tends to look more into the individual's own unconscious (sometimes called subconscious) minds. It attempts to reduce the problem(s) by uncovering what is really going on 'under the surface'. It is hoped that by providing the individuals in the family with, if you like, the 'real' reasons behind what is going on, people will be able to deal with their difficulties more successfully.
Systemic Family Therapy attempts to identify the problems and relationships, ideas and attitudes of all the family to get an idea about what is going on for the whole family. Once these areas are clear the therapist(s) will sometimes attempt to shift the problem(s), attitudes, relationships, to a position that is more beneficial, less damaging, or simply more realistic. They may do this in a number of ways, which may include education, homework tasks, experimentation (e.g. suggesting that the family try behaving or relating in a different way), or attempting to provide some insight to the family members about what is really going on. The emphasis is on the whole family, and not blaming one or more individuals, for the problem.
In the real world, even though therapists may mainly use one kind, they can often use more than one type of family therapy, depending on their own judgment about what is best at the time.


text:
Q: PouchDB put call getting 409: Document update conflict stack:nodejs, backbone.js v1.3.3, underscore.js v1.8.3, JQuery v2.2.4, cordova v6.1.1, https://pouchdb.com/download.html v6.0.5, https://github.com/jo/backbone-pouch v?, https://github.com/apache/cordova-plugin-device
I've polled the todos-db for the record using the _id and updated the _rev attribute, but I can't find my way out of these conflicts, so all help appreciated:
In my TodoModel, I'm doing:
    return Backbone.Model.extend( {

        idAttribute:    "_id",
        db:         new PouchDB( "todos-db" ),
        sync:       this.BackbonePouch.sync( {
                    db: this.db,
                    fetch: "query",
                    options: {
                        query: {
                            include_docs: true
                        }
                    }
                } ),

        initialize:     function(){

                    this.listenTo( Backbone, "updateRec", function( model ){
                        this.updateRec( model );
                    } );
                },

        updateRec:  function( revRec ){

                    var self = this;
                    console.log( "revRec:", revRec );
                    this.db.get( revRec._id, { conflicts: true } ).then( function( doc ){
                        console.log( "doc:", doc ); // doc has no conflicts
                        revRec._rev = doc._rev;
                        return self.db.put( revRec );
                    } ).then( function( result ){
                        console.log( "updateRec result:", result );
                        return result;
                    } ).catch( function( err ){
                        // TODO: the above 'put' is throwing multiple confict errors, yet the db is updating after 7 tries
                        console.log( err );
                    } );

                }
    } );

});

In the log, revRec gives me:
_id:"2016-09-27T16:45:34.297Z"
_rev:"5-b554a2b4989efedac3ca3ccb679aa42e"
completed:false
delegatedTo:"Jen"
due:"Friday"
priority:"A"
project:"home"
task:"MBath concept"

The 'put' result gives me:
{ok: true, id: "2016-09-27T16:45:34.297Z", rev: "6-c6647848d965c35c7ac4f968cac7a91b"}

and the catch err is:
CustomPouchError {status: 409, name: "conflict", message: "Document update conflict", error: true}

A: You might want to look into pouchdb-upsert or read about conflicts.
In your code, I believe your particular error most likely stems from race conditions in requesting the same document multiple times (e.g. if the user clicks very quickly?). pouchdb-upsert would automatically handle such errors for you.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Messy city waste disposal with modern tech soon
By Tauhidur Rahman Afridi
Despite many development initiatives in the city, the daily waste management seems to be in a shambles, most city dwellers allege.
Nevertheless, waste management is being modernized with the help of advanced technology already in use in many aspects of improving waste management in the city.
According to the city corporation officials, they are trying to speed up the process of waste disposal with the use of modern equipment. The two bodies are working to restore order in waste management by constructing Secondary Transfer Stations (STS) and undertaking new projects.
The Dhaka North City Corporation (DNCC) and South City Corporation (DSCC) generate about 2400-2700 tons and 2500-3000 tons of waste per day respectively. The two city corporations are continuing their efforts to build a sustainable waste management system as soon as possible and have taken the initiative as a priority. However, the capital is yet to benefit from an advanced waste management system.
Recently, DNCC Mayor Atiqul Islam said that the system of removing waste by keeping it in open space has been abolished. 57 Secondary Transfer Stations (STS) have been constructed at different areas of the city. Five STSs have been constructed in the last one year and two are currently under construction.
S M Sharif-Ul Islam, DNCC Chief Waste Management Officer told this correspondent that previously waste was transported by open trucks. However, that is not the case anymore.
"At present, the company has 24 compactors, 34 container carriers and 17 dump trucks involved in waste management system. There are plans to purchase 11 more eco-friendly compactors and two backhoe loaders," he said.
DNCC officials informed that two mechanical jets have been purchased to clean the closed drains of the city. DNCC has nine state-of-the-art road sweepers for sweeping the road mechanically and three new road sweepers are in plans to be added to the list. In addition, two water spray cannons have been purchased to prevent air pollution as well.
Last year, around 84 percent waste collected from the 54 wards of North Dhaka has been transported and dealt with in an environmentally friendly manner, officials further informed.
The DSCC on the other hand, has also taken various initiatives to modernize waste management. The ward-based waste transfer center is under construction. So far, the construction of 42 interim waste disposal centers has been completed. It has been set as a target to build waste transfer centers in 75 wards by this year.
After the recent inauguration of the Interim Waste Transfer Center, DSCC Mayor Barrister Sheikh Fazle Noor Taposh said that after 2022, there will be no more waste in the open spaces of Dhaka.
"We have undertaken the construction of one ward-based interim waste transfer center. Work is in progress for these in all the 75 wards," he said.
In the first 10 months of this year, about 75,000 tons of various types of wastes have been removed from the canals under the overall supervision of the Waste Management Department of Dhaka North City Corporation, DNCC Public Relations Officer, Abul Basar Muhammad Tajul Islam told Bangladesh Post.
Around 75,000 tonnes of floating waste and another 10,000 tonnes of sludge had been removed from the canals during this period to increase navigability. Now the water flow of these canals is properly active.
Experts believe that proper waste management should be one of the city's key factors of consideration.
"This is one of the major factors that differentiate our city from the developed ones. Initiatives are being adopted, however, proper and timely implementation is important," said veteran city planner Iqbal Habib while talking to this correspondent.
He added that there is always an increase in such waste seasonally because the people are fruit-loving people. However, the ones who enjoy also need to responsibly deal with the waste.


text:
Ric Flair Predicts Sasha Banks' Future!
In the latest edition of the To Be The Man podcast, Ric Flair gave his candid opinion on the future of The Boss Sasha Banks. Ric told: "My prediction is that Sasha Banks will return to WWE at some point. I can assure you that she has no plans to go to All Elite Wrestling.
I have talked to her a few times and she is carefully considering all options for her future. She has assured me that she wants to stay in this business. I can't wait for her to get back in the ring." Road Dogg recently commented on Sasha's abrupt separation from WWE: "If Sasha Banks thinks she's going to make more money outside WWE, then sit tight.
From my point of view, she had unrealistic expectations for her character. We know what are the difficulties of the tag team division in WWE and I understand some of the frustration of Sasha and Naomi. However, you need to take a broader view and not just consider your own interests.
The fact that you are unhappy does not justify certain actions. " Will Sasha return to WWE? Last May, Sasha Banks and Naomi had a heated argument with WWE management and did not take part in the usual weekly episode of Raw.
The company did not hesitate to suspend them, as well as stripping them of their tag team titles. In the following months, a myriad of rumors have circulated regarding their future in this business. We recall that WWE had to deal with the farewell of Vince McMahon, who announced his sensational retirement last July.
Stephanie McMahon and Nick Khan took over from him, while Triple H became the new head of the creative team. The 14-time world champion has made a number of major changes to the shows, as well as bringing back several stars who had been released during the pandemic.
With the advent of The Game, fans have begun to wonder again if it is possible to see Sasha Banks in WWE again.


Vladimir Putin and Dmitry Medvedev have dominated Russian politics over the last decade. Each has served as president and premier. Now Mr Putin is president again, but some analysts believe that he will have to abandon election promises to doctors, teachers and pensioners, and implement serious budget cuts. And that could mean that Mr Medvedev is replaced as premier.
VLADIMIR Putin faces a serious post-election problem.


text:
Sokolniki (alemán: Wättrisch) es una localidad del distrito de Dzierżoniów, en el voivodato de Baja Silesia (Polonia). Se encuentra en el suroeste del país, dentro del término municipal de Łagiewniki. Perteneció a Alemania hasta 1945, año en el pasó a formar parte del voivodato polaco de Breslavia hasta 1998.

Localidades de Dzierżoniów


text:
Non-polymer PFAS can build up in blood protein of animals, and is not always removed quickly. This means that predators eating PFAS-contaminated food will have higher levels in their bloodstream, and concentrations can increase up the food chain. Studies suggest that build up of PFAS is similar to those of other Persistent Organic Pollutants such as DDT.PFAS are estimated to be settling in arctic regions at rates of tens to hundreds of kilograms per year (25-850kg per year), depending on the specific PFAS chemical in question. Certain PFAS are released as gases to the environment and are blown a long way by wind and air currents in the atmosphere,. These gas PFAS will over time degrade to more persistent chemicals like PFOS and PFOA. This may be one reason why PFAS of environmental concern have been found in remote regions such as the Arctic as well as near PFAS production sitesPFAS including PFOS and PFOA have been found in air samples around Europe. The chemicals are found in small quantities, but appear in almost all samples tested. PFAS enters the atmosphere both from factories and the air inside our homes. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17554424 PFAS is found in treated waste water from industrial and domestic sources and has been found in both rivers and groundwater. Conventional drinking water processes will not remove PFAS.PFAS-coated clothes that are thrown away will often end up either incinerated or in landfill. Unless incinerated at very high temperatures (>1000oC), fluorinated polymers could release more harmful PFAS during burning. PFAS of environmental concern have also been found in landfill leachate. Non-polymer PFAS are used in the production of fluorinated polymers. The manufacture of stain-resistant finishes generally releases these PFASs into the environment, both by air and water emissions. They are very hard to remove during water treatment. Workers in textiles factories are some of the population most exposed to these potentially harmful chemicals. Small quantities of PFAS will be removed during wash and wear of products containing PFAS. This includes fluorinated polymers used on stain-resistant coatings, and non-polymers that remain on clothes after production (Lassen et al. 2015).Most UK waste still ends up in landfill, and this includes PFAS-containing products. Studies have shown that the liquid coming from landfills (known as leachate) often contain non-polymer PFAS chemicals. In the USA the total quantities were estimated at 563-638 kg in 2013. To properly break down PFAS chemicals high temperature (1000oC or more) incineration is recommended. Incineration of municipal waste does not necessarily reach these temperatures (min temp. required is 850oC), and the incomplete breakdown could release non-polymer PFAS.Wash and wear of clothing that contains PFAS-based stain-resistant or water repellent finishes release PFAS to the environment. Coatings are thought to lose effectiveness after 20-30 washes. This can include non-polymer PFAS, remnant from production or as a break-down product of side-chain polymers (Lassen et al. 2015). The manufacture of stain-resistant finishes releases PFASs into the environment, both by air and water emissions. PFAS are very hard to remove during water treatment. Industrial emissions are estimated to be the biggest source of these chemicals to the environment.
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ECHA lists another PFAS as harmful to the environment
Good news for the environment as more PFAS are identified as a 'substances of very high concern'. But is it enough?
The European Chemicals Agency's (ECHA) Member State Committee have unanimously supported a Dutch proposal to list GenX chemicals (otherwise referred to by the more catchy name 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-2-(heptafluoropropoxy) propionic acid, or HFPO-DA for short) as substances of very high concern (SVHC).
From mid-July 2019, GenX will be included on the 'Candidate List', with ECHA considering it for future restrictions. Being classified as a substance of very high concern and placed on the candidate list also initiates its own set of legal obligations, e.g. requiring better communication and transparency of use, and an obligation to inform customers upon request.
This is the first step on the long road towards restriction and eventual removal or replacement, and an important move towards protecting our environment.
But is it enough?
This new listing comes five years after GenX began being used in the EU. ECHA's Member State Committee unanimously agreed that the GenX chemical had a "high potential to cause effects in wildlife and in humans through the environment due to its very high persistence, mobility in water, potential for long-range transport, accumulation in plants and observed effects on human health and the environment". Why are we allowing these chemicals to enter our marketplace before we know they are safe?
GenX chemicals were developed as an alternative to PFOA, another restricted PFAS. They are now widely used as a precursor in the production of fluoropolymers, such as those used to make non-stick pans and grease-proof paper and card for food packaging. How have we allowed one harmful chemical to be immediately replaced by another?
Until we implement stringent class-based restrictions that prevent chemicals being immediately replaced by structurally, and therefore functionally, similar counterparts, and apply a precautionary principle at the very earliest stage in chemical registration, regrettable substitutions such as this will continue to plague our environment.
Fidra recently highlighted our concerns around the use of PFAS in food packaging in the EU Food Contact Materials consultation, calling for a class-based approach to restricting chemicals of concern across EU legislation.
Read more on ECHA's website.
Tags: ECHA, GenX, PFAS, Restrictions, SVHC
info@fidra.org.uk
EH39 4AG
© 2019 FIDRA Fidra is an SCIO and Scottish Registered Charity SC043895


text:
HomeSubaruBRZNewsRenderings
2022 Subaru BRZ Gets STI And Cabrio Makeover In Unofficial Renderings
Nov 20, 2020 at 2:01pm ET
By: Christopher Smith
That didn't take long.
As of this article going live on November 20, it's been just two days since the new 2022 Subaru BRZ was revealed. In addition to styling tweaks, the new model gets a modest power boost from a larger 2.4-liter boxer four-cylinder. It's a step in the right direction for the small sports car, but some people are already dreaming bigger.
Enter X-Tomi Design on Facebook. These unofficial renderings focus squarely on the BRZ, particularly with regards to a boy-racer STI variant and smooth-looking convertible. You know there are all kinds of people already thinking about such things, and now that we have some well-crafted visuals to pore over, these aren't bad ideas at all.
We suspect fewer people have mulled the idea of a BRZ convertible. Compared to the shouty STI interpretation, this droptop conveys a rather elegant presence. There's been some criticism about the new BRZ looking like a variety of dfferent coupes with its fastback roof, so lopping the top off certainly takes care of that. We venture such a machine wouldn't be as elemental as, say, an MX-5 Miata. But it could be an exciting, inexpensive, open-air tourer.
This isn't the first time someone has ventured into the high-performance world with a BRZ STI mockup, but the refreshed design seems well-suited for added visual aggression. Some folks have likened the BRZ's face to the last-gen Dodge Viper, and this version with a gaping hood scoop certainly adds to that appeal. However, it's the subtle body kit that drops the nose and side skirts ever-so-slightly that draws our attention and gives this a proper STI ambiance. Plug in a turbocharger – as many people want – and this thing could be epic.
What are the odds that Subaru will take the BRZ in these directions? A convertible seems extremely unlikely – such a conversion adds weight and that usually throws off the distribution of mass. Such a move would go against Subaru's nimble sports car formula, but adding power with some aero tweaks and suspension upgrades can enhance that formula.
Get To Know The New BRZ:
⠀ First Look: 2022 Subaru BRZ Revealed With New Design, More Power
Subaru Explains Why The 2022 BRZ Still Doesn't Have A Turbo
The big question is whether Subaru would attempt to compete with itself by offering a BRZ STI next to the WRX STI. It didn't happen for the previous-generation model, and frankly, it means such a step is also unlikely for the new one.
That said, we so hope we're wrong.
Sources: X-Tomi Design via Facebook, 2
Gallery: 2022 Subaru BRZ


This Brighton bed & breakfast has its very own private beach. Timber House Resort features a waterslide and a seasonal outdoor pool. A complimentary breakfast is offered each morning. Wireless Internet access is complimentary.
This beach bed & breakfast also offers tour/ticket assistance, barbecue grills, and a garden. Complimentary self parking is available on site.
Timber House Resort is a smoke-free property.
Nestled on the beach, this Brighton bed & breakfast is within 3 mi (5 km) of Lake Ontario, Barcovan Golf Club, and Brighton Speedway Park. Timber Ridge Golf Course and Presqu'ile Provincial Park are also within 9 mi (15 km).
Guests at this beach bed & breakfast will appreciate convenient onsite amenities such as a playground and barbecue grills.
All rooms are individually decorated and offer free WiFi and hair dryers. Guests will also find TVs, desks, and free toiletries.
Timber House Resort offers 10 air-conditioned accommodations with hair dryers and complimentary toiletries. These individually decorated accommodations include desks. Guests can surf the web using the complimentary wireless Internet access. Guests can make use of the shared/communal kitchen. Rollaway/extra beds (surcharge) are also available. Housekeeping is provided daily.
A complimentary buffet breakfast is served each morning between 8:30 AM and 10 AM.