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Jose Solorio has twice as much campaign cash on hand as Janet Nguyen
Posted on May 27, 2014 by Editor Posted in Anaheim, Janet Nguyen, Jose Solorio, News, Politics, Republican Party
I ran into two of the three candidates for the 34th State Senate District today at the Memorial Day event at Fairhaven Memorial Park and Mortuary in Santa Ana. Former Assemblyman Jose Solorio, who is currently the President of the Rancho Santiago Community College District's Board of Trustees, was involved at the start of the program, when he introduced the young lady who won a poetry contest with an entry about Betsy Ross. Supervisor Janet Nguyen was there as well. She spoke later in the program.
Solorio was comfortable and relaxed. He sat in the RSVP area next to Santa Ana Chief of Police Carlos Rojas. Nguyen on the other hand was visibly nervous as she clutched the podium, and her speech was stilted and poorly enunciated. She kept saying, for example, "de-mock-acy," instead of "democracy." And she referred to "men and women" she repeatedly said "men and woman." It was quite awkward.
Perhaps Nguyen was a bit nervous about the news that "Solorio has the money lead as of the end of the most recent campaign finance filing period, which extended from the March 18 through May 17. Solorio had about $580,000 to spend at the end of the filing period, whereas Nguyen's campaign had about $283,000 on hand," as reported by the Long Beach Press Telegram.
Inexplicably I have received at least three large full color campaign mailers form Nguyen in the past two weeks. Why she is wasting her money is a mystery as her Republican opponent, Long Pham, has only raised about $7,000 – and it is his own money. So why is Nguyen wasting thousands of dollars on campaign mailers – when Solorio has such a huge cash advantage? Could Nguyen be so deluded that she thinks she can win outright in the June Primary Election?
I don't know if Nguyen realizes how stacked the deck is in Solorio's favor. At the event today Solorio was introduced as, among other things, a candidate for the 34th State Senate District. That courtesy was not extended to Nguyen.
Solorio has been in office in Central Orange County for years and he was a successful Santa Ana Council Member as well as a lobbyist for the OCTA. Nguyen, on the other hand, was a Garden Grove City Council Member for a short while then she moved on to her current County office. She doesn't have Solorio's name I.D. or support in Anaheim and in Santa Ana.
Janet Nguyen and Carlos Bustamante
I used to be friendly with Nguyen when she first got elected to her County office. We parted ways when she inexplicably endorsed Carlos Bustamante the last time he ran for re-election. We all now what happened to Bustamante after that. I recall one day talking to Nguyen about the demographics in her district. She told me she had started a Hispanic Advisory Committee. I asked to see the names and was shocked to see that they were all Republicans – and none of them lived in the district.
Has Nguyen learned anything since that shocking revelation? I doubt it. She always thinks she knows best but she remains out of touch with her district. And if Solorio beats her in November it will be due to that more than anything else.
I remain hopeful that Pham will somehow block Nguyen from advancing to the General Election but while he is popular in the O.C. Vietnamese community I don't know that he can pull votes from the other demographics in the district. So most likely we will end up with Solorio and Nguyen facing off in November in what will be a very expensive contest.
Janet Nguyen endangers her toddler at a parade
While Nguyen is trying to sell herself as a conservative I remember very clearly the answer she gave me when I first met her. I asked her what were her top three issues. She stared into space for a few minutes, gathered herself and finally replied, "small business." That was it. She stood for nothing else. She remains an empty suit and Solorio has a lot more money, and personality, than she does.
It makes one wonder if the OC GOP bet on the wrong horse. Popular SAUSD Trustee Ceci Iglesias was the top vote-getter when she ran for the SAUSD School Board in 2012, garnering more votes than two longtime incumbents. She did that on a shoestring budget. She is now running for the 69th Assembly District, against a loathsome career Democratic politician, Tom Daly. She has a good shot against him because he is so unpopular with Latino voters. But imagine what she could have done as the Republican nominee for the 34th State Senate District, which has a higher percentage of Republican voters? I think she would have been a much stronger candidate against Solorio.
And one has to wonder in the end if Nguyen will at some point be indicted for campaign finance shenanigans. I keep hearing that the FBI is looking hard at her – and she reminded me of that today as she was wearing prison pinstripes.
The OC GOP has bet the house on Nguyen but Solorio is outpacing her fundraising and he isn't blowing his money, unlike her. He is holding on, like an expert poker player, knowing the election that really matters is coming in November. He will be ready. Will Nguyen?
34th State Senate District Janet Nguyen Jose Solorio Long Pham
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IDWRITERS
Discover INDONESIAN WRITERS database in English
The Mute's Soliloquy: A Memoir
Book / Autobiographical
by Pramoedya Ananta Toer
Author: Willem Samuels
Format: Paperback,
400 page(s)
ISBN/ISBN13: 0140289046/9780140289046
Published Apr 01, 2000 by Penguin Books
View on Goodreads | Google Books
In 1965, Pramoedya Ananta Toer was detained by Indonesian authorities and eventually exiled to the penal island of Buru. Without a formal accusation or trial, the onetime national hero was imprisoned on Buru for eleven years. He survived under brutal conditions, somehow managing to produce his masterwork, the four novels of the Buru Quartet, as well as the remarkable journal entries, essays, and Letters that comprise this moving memoir.Reminiscent of the work of Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, The Mute's Soliloquy is a harrowing portrait of a penal colony and a heartbreaking remembrance of life before it. With a resonance far beyond its particular time and place, it is Pramoedya's crowning achievement — a passionate tribute to the freedom of the mind and a celebration of the human spirit.
Masajeng Rahmiasri in Six great biographies you should read (Jakarta Post, Jun 12, 2016)
Though fragmentary, it is a powerful and moving book.
— Maggie Helwig in Pramoedya Ananta Toer (Translation by Willem Samuels), 'The Mute's Soliloquy' (Peace News, Dec 01, 2001)
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Football – Defense Leads Mater Dei to Payback Win Over RBC, State Final Berth
RED BANK - The returning players and coaches on the Mater Dei Prep football team had just about an entire year to think about the plays it did not make and the big ones it gave up in last November's NJSIAA Non-Public Group III championship-game loss to Red Bank Catholic.
In 2018, it was a handful of plays that the Caseys made that proved the difference. In 2019, Mater Dei made sure that with Friday's Non-Public Group III semifinal game on the line and revenge on its mind, there was nowhere for the RBC offense to go.
The Seraphs sacked the Caseys' two-headed quarterback tandem seven times, including once on the penultimate play of the game to set off a frantic finish in what was ultimately a 10-3 Mater Dei victory and dominant defensive performance by the Seraphs at Count Basie Field.
"We knew that we had to be more disciplined this year," junior defensive end Dom Guidice said. "Turnovers hurt us last year and we knew this time, we had to create turnovers - not make them. We had to play a really disciplined game and that's what we fixed from last year."
Mater Dei advances to the state championship game for the fourth straight season since head coach Dino Mangiero took over ahead of the 2016 season. The Seraphs will take on DePaul at a date and time to be determined - a rematch of a classic semifinal game from a year ago, which Mater Dei pulled out with a defensive stand in the final seconds.
"It was a great revenge game," Guidice said. "But like coach Mangiero said when we got in the locker room, we didn't win anything yet. We just won one game - it was a great game - but we still have a state championship to play."
It was once again Mater Dei's defense that won the day on Friday night, holding Red Bank Catholic to 165 yards of offense, including 53 on the ground. RBC took over its final possession of the game with only 105 yards.
"This was a great defensive effort by our team," said Mangiero, a former NFL defensive lineman. "They have some real athletes on their team. They have some good players and I thought our defense shut them down. To only give up three points is great."
Despite Mater Dei's dominance on the defensive side of the ball, Red Bank Catholic took over possession with 1:37 remaining and a chance to drive for the tying score, albeit with no timeouts remaining. Senior quarterback Ryan Edgerly hit sophomore Joe Diorio three times on the final drive for first-down pickups, including a 16-yard gain on 2nd-and-14 and an 11-yard gain on 3rd-and-10.
The last of Diorio's catches set up RBC at the Mater Dei 39 with the clock stopped at 41 seconds but the Seraphs defense turned the tide in those final 40 seconds. Edgerly fired deep for senior Kevin Bauman to no avail on back-to-back plays, with the 6-foot-6 tight end blanketed Mater Dei senior Clarence Lewis - a fellow Notre Dame commit.
"We had one Notre Dame kid covering another," Mangiero said. "We told our Notre Dame guy, 'Wherever 18 (Bauman) goes, you go. He covered the whole game and he did a good job."
"It was a really tough match-up," Lewis said. "He is a great player, he got me a couple times, but I think I did pretty good. He is really good, though."
On 3rd-and-10, Mater Dei dialed up a blitz and got to Edgerly, with Khalil Elamin and Amir Coleman getting to the Caseys quarterback at the same time before the rest of the swarm piled on.
"It's all about showing one thing and doing another on defense," Mangiero said. "That's something we work on all year and our linebackers did a good job disguising our coverages and blitzes."
With no timeouts, the clock ticking away and fourth down upcoming from the Mater Dei 48, Red Bank Catholic had to scramble back to the line to get off one more play. Junior Anthony Borriello took the last play at quarterback, rolled left and fired a long pass that junior Lenny Loria caught inside the 20 yard-line. Loria, however, could not quite keep his feet and went down at the 13-yard line to end the game.
Red Bank Catholic had a fighting chance at the end of the game thanks to the work of its own standout defense, which kept Mater Dei off the scoreboard after the Seraphs advanced the ball to the Caseys 11 yard-line with six minutes remaining in the game. With the aid of a fumbled snap, RBC pushed Mater Dei out of field-goal range, finishing off the drive with a sack by senior Kevin Degnan and an interception by Loria on fourth down.
Loria's leaping interception - which he caught at the three yard-line and returned to the Caseys 13 - actually cost Red Bank Catholic 16 yards of field position. RBC went on to pick up one first down before punting the ball back to Mater Dei 2:35 to go. The Caseys defense came through by stuffing Mater Dei on three straight runs and with three timeouts remaining before the drive, RBC stopped the clock three times to get the ball back for one last opportunity.
With the defense shutting the RBC offense down, senior running back Malik Ingram carried the Mater Dei offense. Ingram suffered what Mangiero described as a stinger while playing linebacker on Mater Dei's second defensive series and had to be helped off the field.
Undeterred, Ingram returned on the next offensive possession and ran for gains of 11 and 10 yards on the first two plays. The drive stalled out, but Ingram was just getting warmed up.
"I have been doing this a long, long time," Mangiero said. "I have sent running backs to Wisconsin, Notre Dame - some of the biggest schools in the country. He is right up there with them. Not only is he a very good running back, but he's got guts and he runs hard. He is just a real solid football player. Nothing was keeping him out."
Lewis recovered a fumble on the ensuing defensive series to give his team the ball on its own 36 after the Caseys marched into Seraphs territory. On the first play of Mater Dei's third possession, Ingram broke the biggest play of the game, busting through the line and rumbling up the right sideline for a 50-yard run down to the RBC 14.
After taking the next play off, Ingram trotted back onto the field and steamrolled eight yards for the game's lone touchdown. Richie Pekmezian's kick made it 7-0, Seraphs with 7:16 to go in the second quarter.
Red Bank Catholic made it back into Mater Dei territory on each of its final three possessions of the half but could muster no more than a 29-yard field goal by Michael O'Connor on the final play before halftime. The first drive ended with the fumble, the second on downs at the 31 and the third with the field goal.
Mater Dei got those three points back on its first drive of the third quarter, which chewed up 6:28 of game clock to open the half. Sophomore quarterback Alex Brown found Lewis for a key 12-yard pickup on 4th-and-9 from the RBC 31, which set the stage for Pekmezian's 36-yard boot to make it 10-3 just past the midway point of the third.
While Elamin and Coleman capped Mater Dei's sack-fest, it was three other pass-rushers who starred. Guidice, senior Khurram Simpson and senior Tajay Passmore each finished with two sacks, with Guidice recording his on back-to-back plays in the third quarter.
"Me and Khurram address the game as we're the best two defensive ends in the state," Guidice said. "No one can block us as long as we keep working those hands. Everyone kept working as a unit."
"We have two pretty good defensive ends so we gave them a lot of two-way go's and a couple times we blitzed them," Mangiero said. "We tried to mix it up and keep them off-balance. We knew they weren't a great passing team so if we could keep their (quarterback) off-balance, we would be alright."
Six of the seven Mater Dei sacks came during the second half, when the Serpahs defense took over. RBC had 112 total yards from scrimmage at halftime and at the start of its final drive of the game, it had only 105.
Mater Dei indeed got its revenge for last year's 14-10 loss to the Caseys in the sectional championship game at MetLife Stadium, but will now face a DePaul team looking to do the same after the Seraphs stunned the Spartans, 28-23, on the road in the semifinal.
"We just gotta stay level because last year, we got too high and then we lost," Lewis said. "We just gotta focus, come out next week and try to play as hard as we did this week."
"They are going to be in our shoes this week," Mangiero said of DePaul. "We were all excited to come here and get revenge on these guys and they are going to be looking to do the same thing to us."
Mater Dei Prep 10, Red Bank Catholic 3
MDP RBC
Passing 5-9-1 11-17-0
Passing Yards 39 112
Penalties-Yards 6-41 0-0
1 2 3 4 F
Mater Dei (8-3) 0 7 3 0 10
RBC (5-4) 0 3 0 0 3
MD - Malik Ingram 8-yard run (Richie Pekmezian kick)
RBC - Michael O'Connor 29-yard field goal
MD - Richie Pekmezian 36-yard field goal
Rushing - MD: Malik Ingram 18-125, Isaiah Noguera 8-37, Ra'Jahn Cooper 1-6, Clarence Lewis 1-2, Kyree Drake 1-(-2), Alex Brown 6-(-25); RBC: Anthony Borriello 12-56, Elijah Jules 12-27, Billy Guidetti 3-9, Kevin Degnan 2-(-4), Ryan Edgerly 6-(-35)
Passing - MD: Alex Brown 5-9-1 39; RBC: Ryan Edgerly 10-16-0 77, Anthony Borriello 1-3-0 35
Receiving - MD: Clarence Lewis 3-25, Kyree Drake 2-14; RBC: Joe Diorio 3-38, Lenny Loria 1-35, Kevin Bauman 2-13, Charlie Gordinier 1-12, Billy Guidetti 1-7, Elijah Jules 2-6, Kevin Degnan 1-1
Interceptions-Return Yards: Lenny Loria 1-10
Filed Under: Clarence Lewis, Dom Guidice, Football, football game story, Khurram Simpson, Malik Ingram, Mater Dei Prep, NJSIAA playoffs, Red Bank Catholic, Tajay Passmore
Categories: Articles, Football, High School Football, Sports, Videos


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Land use regulation and its impacts in France
Texte de mon allocution lors de l'American dream coalition annual conference à Seattle, le 18 Avril 2009 (en fait, j'ai dû raccourcir un peu en séance, mais l'idée est là...)
LAND USE REGULATIONS,
Housing unaffordability and other socially undesirable impacts in France
First, I would like to thank the American Dream Coalition for this invitation (…)
I'm here because two years ago, I released for a French Think Tank, the Turgot Institute, a full study reviewing the housing public policies in France. As the study was deeply appreciated, it became a book.
One of the purposes of the study was to understand why we experienced such an unprecedented housing bubble. When the study was ordered, we thought that our study would mainly emphasize monetary phenomenon, or issues relative to credit practices, just like the one which exist in the USA. We expected that land use regulations would be one factor among others. It appeared to be, by far, the main factor explaining our bubble.
CAUSES OF THE REAL ESTATE BUBBLE IN FRANCE
Did we have a real estate Bubble in France, like in some parts of the USA ? The answer is obviously: Yes. The median multiple (using net disposable income) of real estate deals on the territory began to diverge from its historical mean of 2.9 (which was observed, within a 10% fluctuation range, between 1965 and 2000), at the beginning of the new millennium, and reached a whopping range of 4.6 to 5.0 in 2007, according to various sources (The following graph uses ratios relative to gross disposable income so figures are a bit lower, from 2.5 to 4.2) .
Gross median multiple ratio – 1936 to 2008
source ADEF
This bubble was especially remarkable because it was the first time it reached such intensity, but also because for the first time, it was not an "urban bubble" or a "Paris Bubble". Prices of existing or new homes peaked in the same proportions either in central metro areas or in rural cities as far as 30 miles from these metro areas. They peaked in many metro areas with 50 000 inhabitants and more, not only in very big dense areas like Paris or Lyon or Azure Coast.
This graph shows that house prices increased 90% faster than households' revenues between 1997 and 2007. In non inflation-adjusted prices, it corresponds to a whopping 140% gross increase.
index of median home prices / median net household revenue, 1965 = 1
Source: ADEF
Most publications explain this only by an increase in demand favoured by low credit rates. Of course, this explanation is half true, since average fixed rates to households were divided by a two fold between 1997 and 2005 (from 8.6 to 4.3%). This fall of credit rates allowed borrowers to lengthen the maturity of their loans, and, at equal revenue, a typical household could borrow about 50 to 70% more than it could before. Many analysts stop their reasoning here. "That's demand, period".
Every good economist should react to this by saying that if the supply was not constrained, an increase in household's solvability would result in an increase of housing supply, since early signals of price hike would bring newcomers on the market. Especially, housing market has very low barriers to entry, isn't prone to the formation of monopolies… This didn't happen. We can see that, despite price increase begun in 1999, the supply began to soar only in 2004, and remained far under historical records (553 000 homes in 1973).
Supply didn't follow demand
Source: Bulle-immobiliere.org
How can we be sure that most part of the housing bubble comes from land use regulations?
First, if the gross price of homes and flats grew by 140% in the ten years of the bubble, construction costs only grew by 30% in the same time.
Orange and green curves: condo and house prices
purple curve: construction costs
It's about 10% more than inflation. It can't explain a 100% price hike on every home, new or ancient. Construction costs grew at a much slower rate than CPI between 1965 and 1997, the current trend inversion comes mainly from some regulatory strengthening in public housing, and some workforce shortages in some particular housing jobs. Not something really relevant compared to the global price increase.
But when I studied the share of land into the price of new homes, I discovered that raw developable land prices increased 6 times in the same period, though the costs of technical land development (sewage, electricity and other networks, roads and so on) only grew in the same proportions than construction costs. In fact, in most areas, land prices were the same in Euros in 2007, than they were in our good old Francs in 1997 (1€ # 6.5 Francs). On coastal areas, the prices increased from 10 to 12 times. Only in some very isolated and economically very depressed rural areas, we didn't see such prices increases.
Agricultural land didn't follow the same trend. Even at more than 15 miles from big metro areas' fringes, developable land is as much as 200 times more expensive than agricultural one. At the fringe of big cities, the factor can jump up to 500 or 1000 times.
The latest point that convinced me that we were experiencing a "land oriented bubble", was the discovery that in most housing programs with multiple lots, small lots were sold at much higher rates, in Euros per square meters, than bigger one. This shows the presence of a "regulatory penalty", as first described by US economists Glaeser and Gyourko. This penalty corresponds to the price of a theoretical zero square foot lot on an operation.
We don't have, in France, national databases with free access that could have allowed me to compute precisely this regulatory penalty. But some examples coming from real operations show that this penalty, in rural towns neighbouring (20-30 km) big cities, could represent about one third of the total cost of the home in 2006, much more than in 1998 or 2000. And, sometimes, it may be more.
Do we have a tough land use regulation in France?
The answer is, once again, yes.
The current frame of our regulation comes from a 1967 law, which allowed cities to promulgate zoning plans. That doesn't say that there was nothing before: there were rules that "protected", i.e. prevented from being built, agricultural land. But the 67 law marked the beginning of the application of zoning laws in France.
You will say: how a regulation promoted in 1967 could produce some real estate price frenzy only since 1997 ? This argument is often raised by people who don't want to hear about the responsibility of zoning laws in real estate bubbles. The answers are multiple.
First, general economic theory reminds us that you must have high demand and a constrained supply to get prices becoming mad. The two conditions were not met together until the late nineties. Inflation, and thus interest rates, was high in the late 60s, in the 70s and during the 80s, when central banks decided that inflation had to come back under control. High interest rates didn't allow too long lending times, so the maximum prices people could afford for homes wasn't so high. In the beginning of the nineties, most western economies (USA, UK, France, Germany, Sweden…) were slightly depressed, and the real interest rates (the difference between gross rates and CPI rates) remained high.
You need both factors to get a bubble started: high demand fuelled by low credit rates, and tough development regulations. Interest rates determine how much you CAN pay for your home, but regulations strength determines how much you WILL pay, somewhere within the range between zero and what you can pay.
Second point, the focus of the land use regulations shifted from early times to now. In the first times of their applications, so called "sprawl" wasn't a great issue out of the circles of professional planners. So the regulatory tools to prevent sprawl were there but the elected councils weren't eager to use them too much. Zoning plans were used to try to separate housing activities from other ones. So the first plans that were made in the 70s didn't really limit or restrict access to developable land. And most of the smaller cities didn't make zoning plans, because it wasn't mandatory.
Let's add that the 60s and 70s were, in France, the golden age of public housing constructions, generally with regulatory "exemptions" from the 1967 common law... As the dominant ideology was that state had to do something to provide dwellings to low wage families, it made it on a wide scale (state was not heavily in debt in those times).
Let's come back to our regulatory zoning purposes.
In the late 80s, we began to see a shift into the purpose of regulatory zoning. Environmentalist movements became to sue cities councils whose zoning plans didn't address environmental issues enough, from their perspective. They were greatly helped by additions of successive layers of European and National laws over the 1967 framework. The new layers reinforced the obligation to preserve natural and agricultural land from being built. Coastal laws, Wet zone laws, biodiversity laws, natural zones preservation laws… In the same time, environmentalists were successful to push "sprawl" as the ultimate evil in many politicians' minds. So zoning plans became progressively anti-sprawl plans, too.
All this stuff came mostly during the 90s and turned the regulatory process of building a new zoning plan into a real mess.
In the USA, Glaeser and Gyourko showed that the crucial variable that explained most of the bubble in the USA was the necessary time to build homes from scratch, on a raw land. When you put a long bureaucratic regulatory step for the sole purpose of making a raw land authorized for building, you're likely to push up prices when demand soars.
In France, the necessary time to shift from an old zoning plan to a new one, when the old one didn't fit any more the current needs of the city, was estimated to about 18-24 months in the 80s. Now, three years is the minimal time frame to put these new plans to birth. But if some environmentalist associations put the city's project into litigation, the process can last much longer. I saw some small cities struggling in 7 years of judicial battles, just to add +- 50 acres of new developable land into their plan. For example, it took 6 years to the 20 cities of the metro area of Nantes (# 800 000 inhabitants, ranking #10 in France) between the beginning and the end of the elaboration of their latest plan, brought to life in late 2007.
Of course, for some limited purposes, the law provides some "quick change" possibilities. But even with those tools, you have to spend at least 6 months to put very small amounts of land into the building market. And even for those limited development openings, you can face judicial procedures, so a one year time frame for small changes is closer to reality.
So the process of building a new zoning plan is such a hassle that new cities' councils don't want to engage too often into it. Once per election cycle is the great maximum, and a plan must last at least 10 to 15 years. So you have to forecast in advance the amount of land you will have to use to meet the housing needs of your population.
The plans that came into applications in the early 2000s were built during the mid 90s: at this time, the rhythm of new construction was driven by high interest rates, and nobody could forecast a big drop in interest rates. So many councils didn't put enough land with immediate availability in their plans, and if some of them put some land for "future" availability, with "quick change" processes available, it was generally not enough to follow the huge increase in demand driven by credit rates. So the price of land started to soar from 1998 to 2007.
CONSEQUENCES OF THE REAL ESTATE BUBBLE
Estimation of the planning penalty In France:
I used the same "rough edged" calculation formula than Randall O' Toole used to determine the planning penalty paid by US house purchasers to sellers in his "planning penalty" report released for the ADC and the Cato Institute a few years ago. For the year 2005, the house price index, relative to the households' revenues, reached a value of 170. If you assume conservatively that values within the range of 90-110 are historically normal, that 10 additional points could be attributed to a slight increase in building costs, and that historical prices doesn't include any share of planning penalty, it leaves us with 50 points on 170, about 30% of the total, that can be attributed to the planning regulations.
There were about 800 000 housing deals concluded during this year, at a median price of 192 000 Euros (# 215 000$ Purchasing Power Parity Adjusted at this time). If our land use regulations have been closer to the one existing in Dallas or Houston, every French household purchasing a home could have saved 57 000 Euros or 64 000$. The total sum transferred from purchasers to sellers in 2005 was about 46 Bn Euros, i.e. 2,7% of our GDP.
Who are the "winners" and the "losers" of the planning penalty?
People generally feel richer when their homes see their market value increasing. But are they really? People who sell an overpriced home win nothing if they have to buy an overpriced home in the same time. Except that transaction fees and taxes are generally calculated from this overpriced tax base… The first purchasers are clearly the losers in this situation. On the opposite, people who own several houses and who can sell them just to reduce their real estate inventory are neat winners. So are landowners whose land has been promoted from "non developable" to "developable" and thus sold it at a good price to developers. Though no statistic corroborates this view, it's not exaggerated to say that the group of home purchasers is, in average, less wealthy than the group of home sellers.
So the planning penalty transferred in 2005 about 2.7 % of our GDP from a less wealthy set of population to a wealthier one. Not exactly what one calls "fairness"...
46 Bn Euros are 9 times more than the money that France devotes to the minimal social revenue for the poorer families, or twice the amount of subsidies devoted to public and private housing.
Anti-sprawl laws generate "rural sprawl"
The law of unintended consequences strikes again through the observation of the effect of anti-sprawl laws on population growth. Here's a map of the country surrounding the city of Nantes, but I could have Chosen Montpellier, Rennes, Lyon or many others to illustrate my point.
The darker the circle, the faster the relative growth
Near Nantes : small rural towns are growing faster...
Source : Comittee for Loire-Atlantique's economic Development
On this map of the Nante's region, The two biggest yellow zones are Nantes and Saint-Nazaire metro Areas. Nantes and its region experienced a neat positive migration flux from people coming from more expensive places, mostly from Paris.
As you can see, Nantes and Saint nazaire grew, but slowlier than the department's average. But now, see the number of red and brown circles surrounding Nantes. Most of these cities are small, from 1000 to 15 000 inhabitants. They grew up to 45% in just 7 years during the bubble.
Though these small cities experienced the same land price hike (# 6 times in 10 years) than bigger ones closer to Nantes, they remained the only place where middle wage families could afford a lot to build a home.
But such small cities were not prepared to see their population growing so fast. Despite a widening of their tax base, they can't face the induced expenses in new schools, new school bus lines, new swimming pools and sport facilities… Remember that in France, many of these amenities are nearly exclusively provided by the public sector.
So some housing programs in these small cities have just become rural dormitory-cities. Roads leading to big urban Areas like Nantes or Saint-Nazaire (#150 000 inhabitants) are overly congested and have sometimes badly deteriorated, since neither structures nor crossings were originally made for the traffic levels we're experiencing today. Anti-sprawl laws, by making more difficult to find affordable homes in the boundaries of big metro areas or at their immediate fringes, created anarchic development in rural areas which were not able to bear such unprecedented growth.
Corruption of political life
For the first time, the 2006 activity report of our central agency for corruption prevention noticed that urban zoning laws and land use regulations were becoming a major source of concern, as the difference between farmland and land for housing grew.
Of course, the phenomenon can't be quantified, but officials refer to it as "not any more anecdotal".
Other Environmental effects
Zoning law didn't prevent our urban landscapes from being messed up by big "soviet like" buildings, generally erected in the frame of big public housing programs from the 50s to the 70s, which obtained special derogatory rights because of their "social purpose".
One of the mass public housing program built in the 60-70s
And these are not the ugliest you can find...
More interestingly, it looks like beautiful landscapes' preservation tends to be endangered when the land is under the threat of being too severely protected by the zoning laws. One example : great wildfires generally occur from beautiful woods that could be classified as "natural reserve", or anything approaching. Most of them are considered as arsons.
Why is there a political demand for such zoning laws? Who makes a living from zoning laws?
People tend to love freedom for themselves but fear freedom for others, because "others" could make a bad use of this freedom. Zoning laws are the political answer to this demand. People well connected use the "democratic process" to maximize freedom to use their own land according their own goals, when the land use plan is elaborated. Then they try to limit this ability for others, either because of inherent NIMBYism of human nature, or in order to maximize the gain they can get from these regulations.
This demand is addressed first by local elected, who generally see in zoning laws a good way to protect their own interests, and, eventually, to harm their local opponents. Second, a huge bureaucracy emerged either in big cities, or ingovernment agencies, under the pretext of "expertise", which must absolutely legally be associated to the democratic process of elaborating plans, or is in charge to enforce them.
Since the 80s, when European laws made more difficult for French state to do things that can be normally made by private contractors, the bureaucracy which "made" plans just turned into a bureaucracy which "supervises" the private consulting firms which are paid to elaborate plans. So there is a huge and influential private sector taking advantage of state made zoning laws, which is efficiently lobbying to extend them. Crony capitalism is always the best ally of socialism.
How many people are involved in this heavily state generated business? It's impossible to figure it out exactly. My very own rough calculations comes to a very conservative estimate of at least 30 000 people (full time adjusted) under public job contracts, living from zoning. And it doesn't include private contractors, full time or occasionally working for zoning purposes.
Things becoming worse: towards new urban disasters ?
This lobby is far more efficient than the very few economists who dare to examine the role of land us regulations in the economy. Even if some politicians start admitting, very smoothly, that there is a regulatory problem with our land use regulations, they remain inaudible. There is absolutely no doubt, in the view of the two main political parties in France, that sprawl is evil, and must be fought. And the recent carbon dioxide Frenzy has led to the creation of new regulatory powers which carefully tend to impose their own anti sprawl views to cities, even if cities would like to deregulate, or even simply relax regulations aimed at limiting sprawl.
Until the end of the 90s, even if big cities were bound under tough regulations to elaborate their plans, at least they were under competition to create the most entertaining places to attract people. This could lead some peripheral suburbs to adopt less severe restricted policies, which at least provided some oxygen to home builders.
This ability is disappearing through an insidious process, namely "intercommunality". For instance, the 22 cities of the metro area of my living town of Nantes have been "strongly convinced" to elaborate "joined plans", under an exhaustive "coherent sustainable development scheme". What's the result? There are still about 17 300 hectares (#40 000 acres) of farm land at the fringe of Nantes Metro Area. The sustainable development plan imposes that this amount shall never go under 17 000. So, at least for the next 15 years, there are only 300 ha (#750 acres) of new farmland available for new buildings. So few for a nearly 1 million people metro area! Metropolitan areas like Rennes even decided to impose a green urban boundary around them. Prices in Rennes have been Skyrocketing during the bubble years.
Many metro areas across the country are currently adopting such mandatory "sustainable development schemes" (In French, "SCOT", Schéma de Cohérence Territoriale").
New buildings will only be made on brownfields, or on existing homes, in the frame of publicly driven operations of "urban renewal". The current motto of planners is: "we have to rebuild the city over the city". It sounds beautiful, but will surely turn many of our cities into new urban disasters.
The Austrian Economist Friedrich Hayek famously stated that no planners, no experts, can handle all the criteria that every individual decision requires. Even worse for planners, they can't evaluate how subjective valuations of every individual criterion can change with time.
So they tend to give importance only to the criteria that are important to them, and to the politicians they're advising. In the 50s and 60s, they focused mostly on the quantitative need for new dwellings, so they created dehumanised soviet-like suburbs which today are concentrating all the problems of poverty and frustration of our society. They created more than 700 so called "urban ghettos", urban disasters with awfully degraded dwellings, lack of basic equipments like libraries, high schools, and so on… The spiritual children of these early planners now say us that they will reinvent the town. They promise us new "ecopolis" just as our elders were told about "radiant cities". It's time to be afraid !
Planners tell us that leaving free market forces at work on land use matters would lead to anarchy and environmental disasters. But, seriously: When private developers fail so miserably, they tend to do it once. Perhaps twice or three times, because sometimes several competing bad projects are brought to markets simultaneously. But never has any business driven under undistorted market laws generated more than 700 failures ! And nobody says we should let build anything without some environmental requirements. But environmental concern must not become a pretext to prevent anything from being built.
As Hayek said, market acts as a "decentralized planner": private developers are careful to bring to the market developments that market wants. So they have to take in account what's existing. So called "market anarchy" is only the expression of the impossibility to valuate how individual preferences will change over time. Price system is the way people make compromises between what they would like to have in an ideal world, and what they can afford according to their revenues. Markets are the best tools to make these millions of individual adjustments possible.
Another consequence of the current planning frenzy, and this will be my conclusion, is that as soon as economy will recover – and if none knows when it happens, it will happen – and therefore demand for houses will soar again, then, we will know another housing bubble, and another housing bubble crisis, with all its disastrous social issues.
Knowing all we now know about the deadly economic, political, environmental and social effects of zoning regulations, we should take the opportunity of currently falling prices to scrap down all these regulations, because house owners won't be as much concerned by the loss of value of their homes, since it's happening all the same. We should enact land regulations that let owners decide what to do with their land.
But I'm not that optimistic: planning forces are too powerful, it won't happen.
French Savvy readers can read more articles on french housing policies and economics of housing market here.
Rédigé par Vincent Benard dans aménagement, articles in english, logement | Lien permanent
c'est étonnant ce sujet, car hier soir chez Tadei et aujourdhui dans 'c'est dans l'air' il parlait du grand paris et des nouveaux projets pour Paris!
En tous cas aucun des invité n'a du lire ton livre ou venir sur le site, c'était édifiant à écouter!! tout le monde d'accord sur tout, l'étalement urbain l'ennemi à abattre, le réchauffement climatique, que de la hauteur, comme si il n'avais aucune idée de ce que voulais vraiment les gens...
personne n'a regarder???
Rédigé par : mica | vendredi 01 mai 2009 à 00h05
aucun des invités n'avait lu cette oeuvre majeure ? Scandââle !
Et en plus, vous voudriez que tous ces grands expêêêrts tiennent compte de ce que veulent les français de la France d'en bas ? Mais avez vous perdu tout sens commun ?
Je n'ai hélas pas vu cette émission. Peut être la redif sur Internet... C'est quelle chaine, déjà ? (je ne regarde pour ainsi dire plus la télé)
Rédigé par : vincent | vendredi 01 mai 2009 à 13h39
france 3 ( ce soir ou jamais) et france 5 (c'est dans l'air)
C'est malin, avec tes photos d'immeubles, tous les américains vont croire que la France est un pays stalinien...
Alors que nous en sommes tout juste au léninisme !
Rédigé par : Emmanuel Boubacha | dimanche 03 mai 2009 à 19h21
J'ai regardé pendant une époque cette émission que je trouvais impertinente... mais en fait, ce n'est rien d'autre qu'un rassemblement de gauchistes bien-pensants qui se paluchent copieusement de leurs idées "progressistes" et se donnent des grands tapes dans le dos.
"Gauchistes", ce n'est même pas en rapport avec leur opinions politiques car tout le monde est "gauchiste" en France ! quand cessera-t-on d'être aussi émotif sur tout pour enfin penser vraiment ?
Vivement que je me casse de ce pays de c*** (pour la plupart).
Rédigé par : Mr_Zlu | dimanche 03 mai 2009 à 20h50
oui mais de temps en temps il y a un trublion dans le tas, et c'est ça que je cherche... Sorman, Laine, et d'autre dont je me souvient plus du nom. Seul chez Tadei on a la chance de temps en temps de laissez parle un vrai libéral, un défenseur du temps de Reagan, et même de Pinochet... C'est vrai que pour la plupart ce sont des gauchistes mais parfois il y a une surprise!!!
Rédigé par : mica | dimanche 03 mai 2009 à 21h25


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Home / Articles / Meet the Models – Kym and Jenny
Meet the Models – Kym and Jenny
We made Subpod Garden Wear for people who love the planet. Who better to model our new clothing range than two people who don't just love gardening – but do it for a living!
Kym and Jenny are the married co-owners of Port Adelaide Food Gardening. They've spent the last 6 years completely immersed in permaculture, sustainability, gardening and compost.
"It's hard to say why we're so passionate about gardening, I guess it's just something we love doing, so we made it our business and life," says Kym. He claims volunteering on a permaculture farm in Derby sparked their love for all things green. "We saw this prolifically abundant property, and a lifestyle that just made us go 'we need this'".
Port Adelaide Food Gardening is a specialist nursery/garden centre that focuses on perennial plants, worm farms, wicking beds, composting and all things permaculture. They opened on September 26th, 2019, and their shopfront is at 47 St Vincent Street – near the picturesque Hart's Mill in Port Adelaide.
"We get so much out of Port Adelaide Food Gardening. If I listed everything, there would be enough material for a novel. It's our business, family, friends, livelihood – and we get to help people grow food. We started very small, but we've just exploded thanks to the support from our amazing community over the past year."
Kym and Jenny work closely with their community, partnered with a local fruit and veg shop called The People's Market. "Both the nursery and the fruit and veg side are very community-focused. We try hard to work with our locals, clients and the bigger community to supply products that are affordable and use the best sustainable practices."
They also happen to be the first people who got a Subpod in South Australia! It's been running smoothly in their nursery for almost a year now. "My absolute favourite thing about Subpod is how low maintenance the system is, and how prolific the worms are at converting food waste within the Subpod."
Though used to being in the public eye at their nursery, modelling was a new experience for Kym and Jenny. "I think this is a great opportunity to bring in people who may have never considered gardening before," Kym said, when asked about Subpod Garden Wear. "Anything that promotes gardening, composting and growing food is a great thing!"
We want to thank Kym and Jenny for dipping their toes into the modelling world to help us introduce our sustainable clothing range. Subpod Garden Wear was made for the same people that help keep small businesses like theirs alive. If you're ever in Port Adelaide, don't forget to drop in and say hello!


Music to accompany an exhibition about the 41 men who died during WWI from the small English village of Rainow (where I live). This is the final mastered mix.
and a beautiful score. I especially liked the intro to the third section. Although the pace generally is funereal, the music is anything but. And the production sounds superb.
A lovely post; thank you.
Thanks Richard, glad you liked it - I mixed and mastered in in a rush so I'm pleased that the production seems good to you!!
less bombastic but highly effective Pictures at an Exhibition.
It would be wonderful playing during the show.


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Home » Rural Life » NFU calls for a total ban of sky lanterns
NFU calls for a total ban of sky lanterns
Nov 5, 2020, 4:58pm
The National Farmers' Union (NFU) has been joined by the National Fire Chiefs Council (NFCC) to increase campaigning for local authorities to ban sky lanterns and dissuade the public from setting off sky lanterns this Bonfire Night, reminding people of the dangers they pose to livestock and as a fire risk to buildings and the environment.
Sky lantern use typically rises around Bonfire Night with many people unaware of the consequences they have on farmers as well as putting increased strain on emergency services.
A fire in the West Midlands caused by a lantern saw 39 fire appliances and more than 200 firefighters in attendance to tackle it over a number of days and thousands of people have already written to their MPs to raise concerns as a result of the NFU's campaign.
NFU deputy president Stuart Roberts said:
We are delighted to have received the support of the NFCC on this crucial campaign, which highlights the devastating damage sky lanterns can cause to buildings and fields on farms.
"The NFU has also heard from plenty of farmers about the gruesome injuries they can cause to livestock and other animals who may ingest the debris.
"Simply put, all of these lanterns must land somewhere and while they may look pretty in the sky while celebrating events like Bonfire Night, they also become unnecessary litter across our beautiful countryside."
'A total ban of sky lanterns'
Roberts continued:
"The NFU would like to see a total ban of sky lanterns across England and Wales to safeguard property and animals and, while we have already seen numerous councils ban sky lanterns, I would encourage the remaining local authorities to follow the good examples set by others across the country to avoid heightened and unnecessary strain to our already stretched emergency services."
Paul Hedley, the National Fire Chiefs Council lead for wildfires, echoed the NFU's call:
"I strongly urge people not to light sky lanterns this Bonfire Night. In fact, NFCC does not advocate the use of these lanterns under any circumstances, at any time.
"They pose a huge fire hazard, impact on agriculture, thatched properties and hazardous material sites, and risk the lives of animals.
A fire caused by a sky lantern can be a complex and large-scale incident and have huge implications on fire services who are already stretched at this time of the year. Demand is likely to be increased this year due to an increase in people holding displays at home.
"All emergency services are currently under unprecedented pressure due to Covid-19, and sky lanterns could put additional pressure on the fire service, and further strain on the NHS.
"Almost 90 local authorities across the UK have banned the use of lanterns and I would like to see this go further," Hedley concluded.
Spark of joy for animal welfare after recommendations for fireworks
NFU sky lanterns


BOSTON – They can't beat out the Flyers for a sixth Atlantic Division title in eight years until tomorrow. This afternoon, the Devils will try to join the ultra-elite of all-time as they chase their seventh 100-point season in that same span of grandeur.
This season-ending home-and-home showdown with the Bruins is their final hope to land home-ice advantage to open the playoffs next week. They need only tie the Flyers in points to earn the Atlantic title and a top-three seed in the East.
The defending Stanley Cup champs have 98 points, and only two came via the charity route for overtime losses. Two more points and they'll have had a better run of 100-point seasons than the dynastic Islanders ever did: seven-in-nine.
Only the last Montreal dynasty of '70s and '80s hit 100 eight straight seasons, while the Bruins of the '70s and '80s had 100 points in 9-of-10. Detroit has reached that mark a fifth straight year and 7-of-9, while the Oilers managed it six straight years in the '80s. The Flyers have now done it 6-of-9, approaching their best of the '70s and early '80s, when they cracked the century five straight, 6-of-7 and 7-of-10.
The Devils are trying to earn their place among those greats. To accomplish it without Scott Stevens more than a half-season is even more impressive.
"If we get there, we'd have to be pretty satisfied with our season, considering all our ups and downs and the injuries. One hundred points would be awesome," said Patrik Elias, who needs three goals in these two games to reach 40 for the second time in his career.
New Jersey also amassed 106 points in 1993-94, its run interrupted by the 1995 lockout (52 points in 48 games, an 88-point pace), their Cup-choking 86- point season of 1995-96, and their 95-point year of 2001-02, when they opened the playoffs on the road and lost to Carolina in the first round.
* Burns said Brian Rafalski will not play today, but could play in tomorrow afternoon's finale. Rafalski has practiced two days with the team in a comeback from a broken right fibula.


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It removes last character or number.
My rewrite rule is :
      RedirectMatch 301 ^/aaa/bbb/(.*)\/?[^(.html)]$ www.xyz.com/aaa/bbb/$1.html

A: Your regex is faulty. Use this rule:
RedirectMatch 301 ^/(aaa/bbb/[^.]+?)/?$ /$1.html

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Gabriel's Message. Also known as "The angel Gabriel from heaven came" this is a popular English Christmas carol translated from the Basque Christmas carol "Birjina gaztetto bat zegoen". Popular recordings includes versions by Sting. This is an easy and traditionally arrangement. Score and Part. Pure Sheet Music Arrangement for Organ and Flute by Lars Christian Lundholm.


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Deena Kastor
American long-distance runner
Deena Kastor at the 2012 US Olympic Marathon Trials
(1973-02-14) February 14, 1973 (age 47)
Waltham, Massachusetts
5 ft 4 in (1.63 m)
104 lb (47 kg)
www.deenakastor.com
Event(s)
Marathon, 10,000 m
College team
ASICS Mammoth Track Club
Coached by
Andrew Kastor
Achievements and titles
10,000 m, 11th
10,000 m, 5th
Marathon, 9th
Olympic finals
10,000 m, 18th (h)
Marathon, Bronze
Marathon, DNF
Personal best(s)
1500 m: 4:07.82 (Hechtel 2000)
3000 m: 8:42.59 (Zurich 2000)
5000 m: 14:51.62 (Stockholm 2000)
10,000 m: 30:50.32 (Palo Alto 2002)
Half marathon: 1:07:34 (Berlin 2006)
Marathon: 2:19:36 AR (London 2006)
Representing the United States
2004 Athens Marathon
World Cross Country Championships
2002 Dublin Individual
2002 Dublin Team
2003 Lausanne Individual
2000 Vilamoura Team
2003 Lausanne Team
2006 London Marathon
2005 Chicago Marathon
Deena Michelle Kastor (née Drossin; born February 14, 1973) is an American long-distance runner. She holds American records in the marathon and numerous road distances. She won the bronze medal in the women's marathon at the 2004 Olympics in Athens, Greece. She is also an eight-time national champion in cross country.
1 Early and personal life
2 Career highlights
9 Awards and rankings
Early and personal life[edit]
Kastor is Jewish,[1] and was born in Waltham, Massachusetts. She is an alumna of Agoura High School located in Agoura Hills, California.[2] She ran collegiately for the University of Arkansas.[3]
She is married to Andrew Kastor. In August 2010, they announced that she was three months pregnant with their first child, Piper. As a result, she announced she would not compete in that year's New York City Marathon, held November 7. Her daughter was born in February 2011.[4]
Career highlights[edit]
In high school, Kastor won three California state cross country titles[5] and two CIF California State Meet titles at 3200 meters while running for Agoura High School in Agoura Hills, California.[6] She also competed in the Foot Locker Cross Country Championships all four years of her prep career, and competed in both the North American Youth Maccabi Games and the Pan-American Maccabiah while in high school.[7]
At the University of Arkansas she was a four-time SEC champion and an eight-time All-American. Post-collegiately, Kastor ran under coaches Joe Vigil and Terrence Mahon. Since 2015, she has been coached by her husband, Andrew Kastor head of the Mammoth Track Club.
Kastor has earned two silver medals (2002 Dublin, long race; 2003 Lausanne, long race) in the IAAF World Cross Country Championships.
She holds U.S. records in the following events:
Women's marathon (set when winning the 2006 Flora London Marathon with a time of 2:19:36)
Women's road 10 mile (set at the 2006 Berlin Half Marathon with a time of 51:31)[8]
Women's road 15K (set at the 2003 Gate River Run in Jacksonville with a time of 47:15)
Women's road 8K (set at the 2005 The LaSalle Bank Shamrock Shuffle in Chicago with a time of 24:36)
Kastor formerly held the following records:
Women's half marathon (set at the 2006 Berlin Half Marathon with a time of 1:07:34)
Women's 10,000 metres (set at Stanford in 2002 with a time of 30:50.32)
Women's road 5K (set at the 2002 Carlsbad 5000 with a time of 14:54)
In recent years, Kastor has shifted her focus toward the marathon distance. After winning the bronze medal at the 2004 Olympic Marathon, she won the 2005 Chicago Marathon. In 2006, she won the London Marathon, setting an American record. She placed sixth at the 2006 New York City Marathon and fifth at the 2007 Boston Marathon. Kastor is a featured subject in the 2007 marathon documentary Spirit of the Marathon, which follows her victory at the 2005 Chicago Marathon.[9]
In April 2008, Kastor won the U.S. women's Olympic marathon trials in Boston, Massachusetts. She finished with an unofficial time of 2:29:35, after overtaking competitor Magdalena Lewy Boulet in mile 23. Kastor ran most of the race from behind, while Lewy Boulet built a commanding lead very early on, running alone for most of the marathon. With some 10 miles (16 km) to go, Kastor made a move to catch up to Lewy Boulet, stringing out the field. Lewy Boulet took second place in 2:30:19.
In August 2008, Kastor pulled out of the women's marathon at the Beijing Olympics with a foot injury. At about the 5-kilometer (3.1 mi) mark, she dropped to one knee, holding her right foot. She attempted to rise, but dropped back down again and was forced to withdraw from the race.[10]
On March 21, 2010, Kastor competed in the first spring running of the NYC Half-Marathon. After running the majority of the race in first, on her way to breaking the course record, she dropped to second place to finish behind Great Britain's Mara Yamauchi.[11][12]
It was announced in August 2010 that Kastor and her husband were expecting their first child, Piper Bloom, in March 2011.[13] It was also announced that Deena would be making her return to racing at the New York Mini 10K.
In January 2012, Deena ran 2:30:40 to place 6th at the Olympic Squad Houston Olympic Trials.[14][15]
In January 2013, Kastor announced she would be running in the 2013 Los Angeles Marathon, to be held on March 17, 2013[16] where she finished third in 2:32:39.[17]
On August 10, 2013, Kastor placed 9th at the World Championship Marathon in Moscow with a time of 2:36. She stated that it may have been her last high-level marathon.
In April 2014, the 41-year-old Kastor won the 2014 More|Fitness Half-Marathon in New York's Central Park in a U.S. masters record of 1:11:38. [18]
On September 21, 2014, she set the world record in the Women's Masters division for the half-marathon, at 1:09:39, while running in the Rock 'n' Roll Half-Marathon in Philadelphia.[19]
In October 2015, she broke the U.S. Women's Masters marathon record by almost a minute at the 2015 Chicago Marathon, running 2:27:47.[20]
Awards and rankings[edit]
Kastor was selected as the top women's marathoner in the world in 2006 by Track and Field News magazine.
Among the honors Kastor has received from the USATF are:
2003 Jesse Owens Award as the top female track and field athlete in the US[21]
USATF Runner of the Year in 2001, 2003, 2004 and 2008[22]
C.C. Jackson Award in 2002, 2003 and 2004[23]
USATF Female Cross Country Athlete of the Year in 2001 and 2003, and as a team member in 2002 when the US team finished second at the World Cross Country Championships 8 kilometer run[24]
She was inducted into the New York Jewish Sports Hall of Fame in 2001, and into the National Jewish Sports Hall of Fame on April 29, 2007.[7] In 2003 she was inducted into the Southern California Jewish Sports Hall of Fame.[25]
US rank
1993 5000 m – 9th
1997 10,000 m – 4th
1999 5000 m – 2nd
10,000 m – 1st
3000 m – 4th
3000 m – 3rd
Marathon – 1st
2002 Marathon – 1st
3,000 m – 7th
2006 Marathon 1st 1st
This page is a candidate to be copied to Wikiquote using the Transwiki process. If the page can be expanded into an encyclopedic article, rather than a list of quotations, please do so and remove this message.
We make choices. I hate to say 'sacrifices.' When I speak to younger groups, to colleges and other younger athletes, I say 'we don't make sacrifices. If we truly love this sport and we have these goals and dreams in the sport, the classroom, or in life, they're not sacrifices. They're choices that we make to fulfill these goals and dreams.' Sacrifices makes it sound like 'oh, poor me, I have to do this in order to get to this,' and I don't really like that word. It was just really the choice to take care of myself and live a proper lifestyle. In doing that, I feel like a healthier person, I feel focused in everything, not just in my running. In following this one dream, I feel like I became an even more well-rounded person.
—  Deena Kastor
I felt my throat start to close up, and I didn't think I was getting enough oxygen. I was scared, and I thought about quitting. But you don't want to quit when you've trained so hard and long for one race.
—  Deena Kastor,
describing the effects of having been stung by a bee in the back of the throat 100 meters after the start of the World Cross-Country Championships in Portugal. Despite blacking out and falling during the 8k race, she finished in 12th place in the long course.
List of select Jewish track and field athletes
^ Drossin Gets Measure of Fame - latimes
^ OLYMPIC SPOTLIGHT: Deena Kastor | Arkansas Razorbacks
^ "Deena Kastor gives birth to a baby girl". Retrieved February 25, 2014.
^ [1] Archived August 12, 2014, at the Wayback Machine
^ "California State Meet Results – 1915 to present". Hank Lawson. Archived from the original on October 6, 2014. Retrieved December 25, 2012.
^ a b "Jewish Sports Hall of Fame". Jewishsports.org. April 29, 2007. Archived from the original on September 11, 2014. Retrieved October 11, 2015.
^ "Statistics - Records". USATF. Retrieved October 11, 2015.
^ "Spirit of the Marathon". Marathonmovie.com. Archived from the original on October 8, 2014. Retrieved January 9, 2011.
^ "American Kastor drops out of marathon". Associated Press. August 17, 2008. Archived from the original on August 20, 2008. Retrieved August 17, 2008.
^ "Deena Kastor after her runner-up finish 2010 NYC Half Marathon | Videos & Athletes". Flotrack.org. March 21, 2010. Archived from the original on March 26, 2010. Retrieved January 9, 2011.
^ "USATF News". Usatf.org. August 27, 2010. Retrieved January 9, 2011.
^ "Deena Kastor Happy to back But Misses Olympic Squad Houston Olympic Trials 2012". flotrack. [permanent dead link]
^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on February 16, 2013. Retrieved January 26, 2012. CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
^ [3] Archived February 28, 2013, at the Wayback Machine
^ "Duliba, Mose win in Los Angeles Marathon". ESPN.com.
^ ""Kastor Sets U.S. Masters Half Marathon Record" By Competitor.com, Published Apr. 13, 2014". Competitor.com.
^ "Record-breaking morning for Deena Kastor at 2014 Philly Rock 'n' Roll Half Marathon". Philly.com.
^ Lorge, Sarah. "Deena Kastor Breaks U.S. Masters Record at Chicago Marathon | Runner's World". Runnersworld.com. Retrieved October 11, 2015.
^ "Jesse Owens Award". Usatf.org. Archived from the original on March 4, 2009. Retrieved January 9, 2011.
^ "Runner of the Year". Usatf.org. Archived from the original on January 6, 2011. Retrieved January 9, 2011.
^ "CC Jackson Awards". Usatf.org. Archived from the original on January 6, 2011. Retrieved January 9, 2011.
^ "Cross Country Athlete of the Year". Usatf.org. Archived from the original on January 6, 2011. Retrieved January 9, 2011.
Deena Kastor at World Athletics
Deena Kastor at USA Track & Field
Fastest performance of the year in women's marathon
1963: Gail Bakken-Johnson (USA)
1964: Dale Greig (GBR)
1965: Susan Johnson (USA)
1966: Bobbi Gibb (USA)
1967: Anni Pede-Erdkamp (FRG)
1968: Carol Haddrall (CAN)
1969: Sara Mae Berman (USA)
1970: Caroline Walker (USA)
1971–72: Cheryl Flanagan (USA)
1973: Miki Gorman (USA)
1974–75: Jacqueline Hansen (USA)
1976–77: Christa Vahlensieck (FRG)
1978: Julie Brown (USA)
1979: Joan Benoit (USA)
1980: Joyce Smith (ENG)
1981: Allison Roe (NZL)
1982–83: Joan Benoit (USA)
1984–85: Ingrid Kristiansen (NOR)
1986: Grete Waitz (NOR)
1987: Ingrid Kristiansen (NOR)
1988: Lisa Ondieki (AUS)
1990: Rosa Mota (POR)
1991: Wanda Panfil (POL)
1992: Olga Markova (RUS)
1993: Wang Junxia (CHN)
1994–95: Uta Pippig (GER)
1996: Katrin Dörre-Heinig (GER)
1997–99: Tegla Loroupe (KEN)
2000–01: Catherine Ndereba (KEN)
2002–03: Paula Radcliffe (ENG)
2004: Yoko Shibui (JPN)
2005: Paula Radcliffe (ENG)
2006: Deena Kastor (USA)
2007: Zhou Chunxiu (CHN)
2008–09: Irina Mikitenko (GER)
2010: Liliya Shobukhova (RUS)
2011–12: Mary Jepkosgei Keitany (KEN)
2013–14: Rita Jeptoo (KEN)
2015: Gladys Cherono Kiprono (KEN)
2016: Tirfi Tsegaye (ETH)
2017: Mary Jepkosgei Keitany (KEN)
2019: Brigid Kosgei (KEN)
Chicago Marathon – women's winners
1977: Dorothy Doolittle (USA)
1978: Lynae Larson (USA)
1979: Laura Michalek (USA)
1980: Sue Petersen (USA)
1981: Tina Gandy (USA)
1982: Nancy Conz (USA)
1983–1984: Rosa Mota (POR)
1987: Not Held
1988–1989: Lisa Weidenbach (USA)
1990: Aurora Cunha (POR)
1991: Midde Hamrin (SWE)
1992: Linda Somers (USA)
1993: Ritva Lemettinen (FIN)
1994: Kristy Johnston (USA)
1996–1997: Marian Sutton (GBR)
1998–1999: Joyce Chepchumba (KEN)
2000–2001: Catherine Ndereba (KEN)
2002: Paula Radcliffe (GBR)
2003: Svetlana Zakharova (RUS)
2004: Constantina Tomescu-Diță (ROM)
2006–2007: Berhane Adere (ETH)
2008: Lidiya Grigoryeva (RUS)
2009: Irina Mikitenko (GER)
2010: Atsede Baysa (ETH)
2011: Ejegayehu Dibaba (ETH)
2013: Rita Jeptoo (KEN)
2014: Mare Dibaba (ETH)
2015-2016: Florence Kiplagat (KEN)
2017: Tirunesh Dibaba (ETH)
2018-2019: Brigid Kosgei (KEN)
2020: cancelled
Berlin Marathon – List (M/W)
Boston Marathon – List (M/W)
Chicago Marathon – List (M/W)
London Marathon – List (M/W)
New York City Marathon – List (M/W)
Tokyo Marathon – List (M/W)
London Marathon – women's winners
1981–1982: Joyce Smith (GBR)
1984–1985: Ingrid Kristiansen (NOR)
1989: Véronique Marot (GBR)
1992–1994: Katrin Dörre (GER)
1995: Małgorzata Sobańska (POL)
1996: Liz McColgan (GBR)
1997: Joyce Chepchumba (KEN)
1998: Catherina McKiernan (IRL)
2000: Tegla Loroupe (KEN)
2001: Derartu Tulu (ETH)
2002–2003: Paula Radcliffe (GBR)
2004: Margaret Okayo (KEN)
2008–2009: Irina Mikitenko (GER)
2010: Aselefech Mergia (ETH)
2011–2012: Mary Keitany (KEN)
2013: Priscah Jeptoo (KEN)
2014: Edna Kiplagat (KEN)
2015: Tigist Tufa (ETH)
2016: Jemima Sumgong (KEN)
2017: Mary Keitany (KEN)
2018: Vivian Cheruiyot (KEN)
2019–2020: Brigid Kosgei (KEN)
US National Championship winners in women's 10,000-meter run
Amateur Athletic Union
1977: Peg Neppel
1978: Ellison Goodall
1979: Mary Shea
The Athletics Congress
1981: Joan Samuelson
1982: Kim Schnurpfeil
1983: Katie Ishmael
1984: Bonnie Sons
1985: Francie Larrieu Smith
1986: Nan Doak-Davis
1987: Lynn Jennings
1988: Carol Urish-McLatchie
1990: Colette Murphy
1991–1992: Lynn Jennings
USA Track & Field
1994: Olga Appell
1996: Kate Fonshell
1999: Libbie Hickman
2000–2001: Deena Drossin
2002: Jennifer Rhines
2003–2004: Deena Kastor
2005: Katie McGregor
2006: Amy Rudolph
2007: Deena Kastor
2008: Shalane Flanagan
2009–2010: Amy Yoder Begley
2012: Amy Hastings
2014: Kim Conley
2015–2019: Molly Huddle
OT: Since 1992, championships incorporated the Olympic Trials in Olympic years, otherwise held as a discrete event.
USA Cross Country Championships female winners
1964: Marie Mulder
1965: Sandy Knott
1966: Doris Brown Heritage
1967: Vicki Foltz
1967–71: Doris Brown Heritage
1972–73: Francie Larrieu Smith
1974–75: Lynn Bjorklund
1976–77: Jan Merrill
1978: Julie Brown
1979: Margaret Groos
1982: Lesley Lehane
1983: Betty Springs
1984: Cathy Branta
1987–93: Lynn Jennings
1995: Joan Nesbit
2004–05: Colleen De Reuck
2006: Blake Russell
2009: Emily Brown
2010–11: Shalane Flanagan
2012: Sara Hall
2014: Amy Van Alstine
2015: Laura Thweatt
2016: Mattie Suver
2017: Aliphine Tuliamuk-Bolton
2018: Emily Infeld
2019: Shelby Houlihan
2020: Natosha Rogers
US National Championship winners in Women's Marathon
1974: Judy Shapiro-Ikenberry
1975: Kim Merritt
1977: Leal-Ann Reinhart
1978: Marty Cooksey
1979: Susan Petersen
1980: Susan Munday
1981: Nancy Conz
1982: Laurie Binder
1984: Katy Schilly
1985: Nancy Ditz
1986: Kim Rosenquist
1987: Janis Klecker
1990: Jane Welzel
1991: Maria Trujillo
1993: Linda Somers
1995: Debbi Kilpatrick-Morris
1996: Jenny Spangler
1997: Julia Kirtland
1998: Gwyn Coogan
1999: Kim Pawelek
2000: Chris Clark
2001: Deena Drossin
2002: Jill Gaitenby
2003: Sara Wells
2004: Colleen De Reuck
2005: Nicole Aish
2006: Marla Runyan
2009: Ilsa Paulson
2013: Annie Bersagel
2014: Esther Erb
2016: Amy Cragg
2018: Emma Bates
2020: Aliphine Tuliamuk
2000 USA Olympic Track & Field Team
2000 United States Olympic Trials (track and field)
Men's track & road athletes
Abdi Abdirahman
Kenny Brokenburr (r)
John Capel
Curt Clausen
Tony Cosey
Mark Crear
Mark Croghan
Rod DeHaven
Pascal Dobert
Jon Drummond
Philip Dunn
Mark Everett
Adam Goucher
Maurice Greene
Alvin Harrison
Calvin Harrison (r)
Brad Hauser
Floyd Heard
Andrew Hermann
Gabe Jennings
Allen Johnson
Curtis Johnson
Meb Keflezighi
Rich Kenah
Brian Lewis (r)
Coby Miller
Tim Montgomery (r)
Antonio Pettigrew
Jason Pyrah
Tim Seaman
Michael Stember
Angelo Taylor
Terrence Trammell
Bernard Williams (r)
Bryan Woodward
Jerome Young (r)
Men's field athletes
Charles Austin
LaMark Carter
Lance Deal
Kenny Evans
John Godina
Breaux Greer
Chad Harting
Chris Huffins
Nick Hysong
Kip Janvrin
Lawrence Johnson
Nathan Leeper
Melvin Lister
Jud Logan
Kevin McMahon
Adam Nelson
Tom Pappas
Dwight Phillips
Adam Setliff
Savanté Stringfellow
Women's track & road athletes
Andrea Anderson (r)
Kim Batten
Tonja Buford-Bailey
Yueling Chen
Hazel Clark
Joetta Clark Diggs
LaTasha Colander-Richardson
Sharon Couch
Shayne Culpepper
Gail Devers
Deena Drossin
Elva Dryer
Torri Edwards
Chryste Gaines
Sandra Glover
Suzy Favor Hamilton
Monique Hennagan
Libbie Hickman
Anne Marie Lauck
Debbi Lawrence
Jearl Miles-Clark
Melissa Morrison
Nanceen Perry
Jennifer Rhines
Passion Richardson (r)
Michelle Rohl
Amy Rudolph
Marla Runyan
Women's field athletes
Amy Acuff
Erin Aldrich
Lynda Blutreich
Dawn Burrell
Shelia Burrell
Jesseca Cross
Karol Damon
Stacy Dragila
Dawn Ellerbe
Nicole Gamble
Kris Kuehl
Melissa Mueller
DeDee Nathan
Amy Palmer
Suzy Powell
Connie Price-Smith
Seilala Sua
Kellie Suttle
Teri Tunks
Shana Williams
John Chaplin (men's head coach)
Dick Booth (men's assistant coach)
Dixon Farmer (men's assistant coach)
Rob Johnson (men's assistant coach)
John Moon (men's assistant coach)
Jerry Quiller (men's assistant coach)
Jay Silvester (men's assistant coach)
Bubba Thornton (men's assistant coach)
Karen Dennis (women's head coach)
Sandy Fowler (women's assistant coach)
Ernest Gregoire (women's assistant coach)
Judy Harrison (women's assistant coach)
Rita Somerlot (women's assistant coach)
LaVerne Sweat (women's assistant coach)
Mark Young (women's assistant coach)
track & road
Abdihakem Abdirahman
Bennie Brazell
Derrick Brew
Tim Broe
Dan Browne
Shawn Crawford
Kevin Eastler
Anthony Famiglietti
Robert Gary
Charlie Gruber
Otis Harris
Daniel Lincoln
John Nunn
Darvis Patton
Derrick Peterson
Jonathon Riley
Dathan Ritzenhein
Grant Robison
Khadevis Robinson
Andrew Rock
Duane Ross
Jeremy Wariner
Alan Webb
Darold Williamson
Kelly Willie
Kenta Bell
Bryan Clay
Tora Harris
Matt Hemingway
Reese Hoffa
A. G. Kruger
Timothy Mack
Casey Malone
Derek Miles
John Moffitt
Jamie Nieto
Jarred Rome
Toby Stevenson
Paul Terek
Ian Waltz
Jearl Miles Clark
LaTasha Colander
Crystal Cox
Colleen De Reuck
Lashinda Demus
Shalane Flanagan
Joanna Hayes
Monique Henderson
Sheena Johnson
Muna Lee
LaShauntea Moore
Sanya Richards
Moushaumi Robinson
Brenda Taylor
Nicole Teter
Carrie Tollefson
DeeDee Trotter
Teresa Vaill
Lauryn Williams
Laura Gerraughty
Erin Gilreath
Kristin Heaston
Aretha Hill
Chaunté Howard
Tiombe Hurd
Jackie Jeschelnig
Kim Kreiner
Tiffany Lott-Hogan
Anna Mahon
Yuliana Pérez
Michelle Perry
Rose Richmond
Jillian Schwartz
Grace Upshaw
Tisha Waller
Kerron Clement
Walter Dix
Ian Dobson
Bershawn Jackson
Bernard Lagat
Lopez Lomong
Leonel Manzano
Rodney Martin (r)
Joshua McAdams
LaShawn Merritt
David Neville
Travis Padgett (r)
Galen Rupp
Brian Sell
Christian Smith
Wallace Spearmon
Nick Symmonds
Matt Tegenkamp
Andrew Wheating
Reggie Witherspoon (r)
Christian Cantwell
Rafeeq Curry
Trey Hardee
Jeff Hartwig
Mike Hazle
Dusty Jonas
Andra Manson
Miguel Pate
Trevell Quinley
Leigh Smith
Aarik Wilson
Lindsey Anderson
Jenny Barringer
Amy Yoder Begley
Damu Cherry
Hazel Clark-Riley
Erin Donohue
Joanne Dow
Kara Goucher
Queen Harrison
Natasha Hastings (r)
Monique Henderson (r)
Marshevet Hooker
Lolo Jones
Mechelle Lewis (r)
Magdalena Lewy-Boulet
Tiffany Ross-Williams
Blake Russell
Alice Schmidt
Sheena Tosta
Anna Willard
Angela Williams (r)
Mary Wineberg
Christin Wurth-Thomas
Erica Bartolina
April Steiner Bennett
Jillian Camarena
Amber Campbell
Jessica Cosby
Sharon Day
Hyleas Fountain
Funmi Jimoh
Jackie Johnson
Shani Marks
Erica McLain
Kara Patterson
Diana Pickler
Suzy Powell-Roos
Brittney Reese
Loree Smith
Aretha Thurmond
Stephanie Brown Trafton
Bubba Thornton (men's head coach)
Harvey Glance (men's assistant coach)
Ron Mann (men's assistant coach)
Boo Schexnayder (men's assistant coach)
Criss Somerlot (men's assistant coach)
Joe Vigil (men's assistant coach)
Jeanette Bolden (women's head coach)
Chandra Cheeseborough (women's assistant coach)
J.J. Clark (women's assistant coach)
Kim Keenan-Kirkpatrick (women's assistant coach)
Connie Price-Smith (women's assistant coach)
Brooks Johnson (relay coach)
Orin Richburg (relay coach)
Summer Universiade champions in women's 10,000 metres
1985: Marina Rodchenkova (URS)
1987: Patty Murray (USA)
1989: Viorica Ghican (ROU
1991: Anne Marie Letko (USA)
1993–1995: Iulia Negură (ROU)
1997: Deena Drossin (USA)
1999: Leigh Daniel (USA)
2001: Dong Yanmei (CHN)
2003: Natalia Cerches (MDA)
2005: Eri Sato (JPN)
2007: Kseniya Agafonova (RUS)
2009: Kasumi Nishihara (JPN)
2011: Fadime Suna (TUR)
2013: Ayuko Suzuki (JPN)
2015: Alla Kuliatina (RUS)
2017: Darya Maslova (KGZ)
2019: Zhang Deshun (CHN)
IAAF: 71314
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Deena_Kastor&oldid=998577443"
People from Mammoth Lakes, California
Sportspeople from Waltham, Massachusetts
Track and field athletes from California
Track and field athletes from Massachusetts
American female long-distance runners
American female marathon runners
American female cross country runners
Olympic track and field athletes of the United States
Olympic bronze medalists for the United States in track and field
Athletes (track and field) at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Universiade medalists in athletics (track and field)
Chicago Marathon female winners
London Marathon female winners
Jewish American sportspeople
Jewish female athletes (track and field)
University of Arkansas alumni
Arkansas Razorbacks women's track and field athletes
Universiade gold medalists for the United States
Medalists at the 1997 Summer Universiade
Articles with dead external links from November 2019
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text:
Phra That Narai Cheng Weng (69)
Sakon Nakhonon
Phra That Narai Cheng Weng is located in area of Phra That Narai Cheng Weng Temple, Phang Khwang in Sakon Nakhon Province. It is a Khmer stone sanctuary or Prasat Hin standing on a square laterite base. The main structure of the prang is made of sandstone. The sanctuary can be reached l by a staircase in the front. While the front porch leads to the room inside the prasat, the other 3 doors on both sides and at the back are false entrances.
According to the local folk tale, when Kassapa Thera, a disciple, brought the Urangkha That (the chest bone relics of the Lord Buddha) from Rajgir in India to be housed in PhraThat Phanom, at Nakhon Phanom, he passed the city by the Great Han Lake in Sakon Nakhon. The queen of Phra Ya Suwanna Phingkharn, Phra Nang Narai Cheng Weng, on hearing the news about the monk and the relic, asked for a share. Kassapa Thera, however, gave her instead the ashes because he wanted to keep all parts of Urangkha That together in the same place. She then had them housed in the stone tunnel in her garden. The monument where the relics were kept is named after her, Phra That Narai ChengWeng.
Both Phra That Narai Cheng Weng and Phra That Phanom were built long before the Khmer stone sanctuaries were initiated. So, it is presumed that the stone prasat that exist today is a new structure which was built on the former Phra That Narai Cheng Weng.
The sanctuary has steadily crumbled down. Its spire has already fallen out. The monument is reconstructed and fully ornamented by Muang Boran based on its actual size and form.
Location Phra That Narai Cheng Weng (69)
The Garden of Pha Daeng-Nang Ai (68)
The Lan Chang Styled Scripture Repository and Wihan (70)
Phra That Phanom (71)
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text:
Cabinet approves setting up of NRA- National Recruitment Agency to conduct Common Eligibility Test for govt jobs
The Central Government on Wednesday approved setting up of 'National Recruitment Agency' to conduct Common Eligibility Test for jobseekers.
The decision was taken at the Union Cabinet meeting chaired by Prime Minister Narendra Modi.
This decision will benefit job seeking youth of the country, Union Minister Prakash Javadekar said while announcing the Cabinet decision.
Addressing the media, Union Minister Jitendra Singh said it is one of the most landmark reforms in the history of independent India.
"It'll bring in ease of recruitment, selection, job placement and ease of living particularly for certain sections of society which are at a disadvantage on one account or the other," he said.
"Merit list of Common Entrance Test (CET) will remain valid for 3 years during which the candidate can apply for jobs in different sectors depending upon his aptitude and preferences," he added.
"A multi-agency body called the National Recruitment Agency (NRA) will conduct a Common Eligibility Test (CET) to screen and shortlist candidates for the Group B and C (non-technical) posts. NRA will have representatives of Ministry of Railways, Ministry of Finance/Department of Financial Services, the SSC, RRB & IBPS. It is envisioned that the NRA would be a specialist body bringing the state of the art technology and best practices to the field of Central Government recruitment," the government said in a press release.
This will end the need for candidates to appear in multiple examinations conducted by multiple agencies.
"Apart from the examination fees, candidates have to incur additional expenses for travel, boarding, lodging and other such. A single examination would reduce the financial burden on candidates to a large extent," the statement said.
The Union Cabinet on Wednesday approved setting up of a national agency to conduct tests for various central government jobs. The National Recruitment Agency (NRA) will conduct computer-based online Common Eligibility Test (CET) to screen candidates at the first level for Staff Selection Commission (SSC), the Railway Recruitment Boards (RRBs) and the Institute of Banking Service Personnel (IBPS).
The approval given by the Cabinet chaired by Prime Minister Narendra Modi will pave the way for a transformational reform in the recruitment process for central government jobs, a government press release said.
At present, candidates seeking government jobs have to appear for separate examinations conducted by multiple recruiting agencies for various posts, for which similar eligibility conditions have been prescribed. Candidates have to pay fee to multiple recruiting agencies and also have to travel long distances for appearing in various exams.
"These multiple recruitment examinations are a burden on the candidates, as also on the respective recruitment agencies, involving avoidable and repetitive expenditure, law and order and security related issues and venue related problems. On average, 2.5 crore to 3 crore candidates appear in each of these examinations. A common eligibility Test would enable these candidates to appear once and apply to any or all of these recruitment agencies for the higher level of examination. This would indeed be a boon to all the candidates," the government said.
Here is all you need to know about the National Recruitment Agency (NRA) and the Common Eligibility Test (CET)
National Recruitment Agency (NRA)
A multi-agency body called the National Recruitment Agency (NRA) will conduct a Common Eligibility Test (CET) to screen shortlist candidates for the Group B and C (non-technical) posts. NRA will have representatives of the Ministry of Railways, Ministry of Finance/Department of Financial Services, the SSC, RRB & IBPS. It is envisioned that the NRA would be a specialist body bringing the state of the art technology and best practices to the field of Central Government recruitment.
Financial Outlay: Rs 1517.57 crore sanctioned
The Government has sanctioned a sum of Rs 1517.57 crore for the National Recruitment Agency (NRA). The expenditure will be undertaken over a period of three years. Apart from setting up the NRA, costs will be incurred for setting up examination infrastructure in the 117 Aspirational Districts.
Standardised Testing for three graduate, 12th and 10th level
NRA will conduct a separate CET each for the three levels of graduate, higher secondary (12th pass) and the matriculate (10th pass) candidates for those non-technical posts to which recruitment is presently carried out by the Staff Selection Commission (SSC), the Railway Recruitment Boards (RRBs) and by the Institute of Banking Personnel Selection (IBPS). Based on the screening done at the CET score level, final selection for recruitment will be made through separate specialised Tiers (II, III etc) of examination which will be conducted by the respective recruitment agencies. The curriculum for this test would be common as would be the standard. This would greatly ease the burden of candidates who are at present required to prepare for each of the examinations separately as per the different curriculum.
CET Score to be valid for three years, no bar on attempts
The CET score of the candidate will be valid for a period of three years from the date of declaration of the result. The best of the valid scores shall be deemed to be the current score of the candidate. There will be no restriction on the number of attempts to be taken by a candidate to appear in the CET subject to the upper age limit. Relaxation in the upper age limit will be given to candidates of SC/ST/OBC and other categories as per the extant policy of the government. This would go a long way in mitigating the hardship of candidates who spend a considerable amount of time, money and effort preparing and giving these examinations every year.
CET Scores – access to multiple recruitment agencies
Initially the scores would be used by the three major recruitment agencies. However, over a period of time it is expected that other recruitment agencies in the Central Government would adopt the same. Further, it would be open for other agencies in the public as well as private domain to adopt it if they so choose. Thus, in the long run, the CET score could be shared with other recruiting agencies in the Central Government, State Governments/Union Territories, Public Sector Undertaking and Private Sector. This would help such organizations in saving costs and time spent on recruitment.
Scheduling Tests and choosing centres
Candidates would have the facility of registering on a common portal and give a choice of centres. Based on availability, they would be allotted centres. The ultimate aim is to reach a stage wherein candidates can schedule their own tests at centres of their choice.
Examination centres in every district
Examination Centres for the CET in every district of the country would greatly enhance access to the candidates located in far-flung areas. Special focus on creating examination infrastructure in the 117 Aspirational Districts would go a long way in affording access to candidates at a place nearer to where they reside. The benefits in terms of cost, effort, safety and much more would be immense. The proposal will not only ease access to rural candidates, but it will also motivate the rural candidates residing in the far-flung areas to take the examination and thereby, enhance their representation in Central Government jobs.
How NRA, CET will benefit jobseekers
Major Relief to poor candidates
Presently, the candidates have to appear in multiple examinations conducted by multiple agencies. Apart from the examination fees, candidates have to incur additional expenses for travel, boarding and lodging. A single examination would reduce the financial burden on candidates to a large extent.
Women candidates to benefit greatly
Women candidates, especially from rural areas, face constraints in appearing in multiple examinations as they have to arrange for transportation and places to stay in places that are far away. They sometimes have to find suitable persons to accompany them to these Centres that are located far away. The location of test centres in every district would greatly benefit candidates from rural areas in general and women candidates in particular.
Candidates from rural areas to benefit
Given the financial and other constraints, the candidates from rural background have to make a choice as to which examination they want to appear in. Under the NRA, the candidates by appearing in one examination will get an opportunity to compete for many posts. NRA will conduct the first-level or Tier I Examination which is the stepping stone for many other selections.
The CET would be available in a number of languages. This would greatly facilitate people from different parts of the country to take the exam and have an equal opportunity of being selected.
Shortening the recruitment cycle
A single eligibility test would significantly reduce the recruitment cycle. Some Departments have indicated their intention to do away with any second-level test and go ahead with the recruitment on the basis of CET scores, physical tests and medical examination. This would greatly reduce the cycle and benefit a large section of youth.
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