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Deep Learning in Oncology – Applications in Fighting Cancer
Abder-Rahman Ali Last updated on February 19, 2019
Last updated on February 19, 2019, published by Abder-Rahman Ali
Abder-Rahman Ali is a PhD candidate in artificial intelligence at the University of Stirling, UK. He has extensive experience with machine vision applications for medical imaging.
Deep Learning plays a vital role in the early detection of cancer. A study published by NVIDIA showed that deep learning drops error rate for breast cancer diagnoses by 85%. This was the inspiration for Co-Founders Jeet Raut and Peter Njenga when they created AI imaging medical platform Behold.ai. Raut's mother was told that she no longer had breast cancer, a diagnosis that turned out to be false and that could have cost her life.
In addition to being the second leading cause of death (responsible for 8.8 million deaths worldwide in 2015), cancer also has significant and increasing impacts on economy. In 2010, the total annual cost of cancer was estimated at around $1.6 trillion. But the good news is that early detection can save not only billions of dollars but countless lives. In a TEDx 2014 talk, CEO and Founder of Enlitic Jeremy Howard said, "If you detect cancer early, your probability of survival is 10 times higher."
Fortunately, deep learning has shown capabilities in achieving higher diagnostic accuracy results in comparison to many domain experts. While this may be an issue of contention with physicians, for many would-be victims the technology can't come soon enough.
In this article, we've provided several examples of deep learning in oncology. Though this list is by no means complete, it gives an indication of the long-ranging impact of deep learning on the oncology industry today and in the near future.
Current Applications of Deep Learning in Oncology
Cancer Detection From Gene Expression Data
Gene expression data is very complex due to its high dimensionality and complexity, making it challenging to use such data for cancer detection. Researchers from Oregon State University were able to use deep learning for the extraction of meaningful features from gene expression data, which in turn enabled the classification of breast cancer cells. They have used the technology to extract genes considered useful for cancer prediction, as well as potentially useful cancer biomarkers, for the detection of breast cancer.
Researchers in China also developed DeepGene, an advanced cancer type classifier based on deep learning that addresses the obstacles in existing somatic point mutation based cancer classification (SMCC) studies. Results showed that DeepGene outperforms three widely adopted existing classifiers, as it was able to extract the high-level features between combinatorial somatic point mutations and specific cancer types.
Cancer Classification with Deep Neural Networks
A research paper published in Nature by Stanford University researchers has shown that their convolutional neural network (CNN) achieves performance on par with all tested experts when classifying skin cancer. Google's CNN system has demonstrated the ability to identify deadline skin cancers at an accuracy rate on par with practitioners, potentially extending diagnosis reach outside the clinic and into service-based apps that have been popping up as mobile access expands worldwide. Yet another instance is a program developed at Case Western Reserve University that has been able to outperform physicians at brain cancer diagnoses.
Tumor Segmentation
Researchers from China have used deep learning for segmenting brain tumors in MR images, where it provided more stable results as compared to manually segmenting the brain tumors by physicians, which is prone to motion and vision errors.
A team led by Dr. Qi Zhang of Shanghai University found that deep learning can accurately differentiate between benign and malignant breast tumors on ultrasound shear-wave elastography (SWE), yielding more than 93% accuracy on the elastogram images of more than 200 patients.
Histopathologic Cancer Diagnosis
With the advent of personalized medicine, diagnostic protocols need to focus equally on efficiency and accuracy, thus increasing the workload and complexity of histopathologic (microscopic examination of tissue in order to study the manifestations of disease) in cancer diagnosis. This has led researchers in the Netherlands to use deep learning to improve the efficiency of histopathologic slide analysis, where the workload for pathologists is reduced and the objectivity of diagnoses is increased. The researchers concluded that deep learning could improve the efficacy of prostate cancer diagnosis and breast cancer staging.
In another case, Philips and LabPON are planning to create the world's largest pathology database of annotated tissue images for deep learning. One of the things the database will provide is data for research and discovery to develop new insights in disease assessment, including cancer.
In an effort to accelerate cancer research, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) researchers are applying deep learning toward automating information collected from cancer pathology reports that are documented across a nationwide network of cancer registry programs.
Tracking Tumor Development
Deep learning can be used to measure the size of tumors undergoing treatment and detect new metastases that might be overlooked. This is exactly what researchers from the Fraunhofer Institute for Medical Image Computing in Germany are doing. The more patient CT and MRI scans the deep learning algorithm reads, the more accurate it becomes, which is the core of deep learning technology.
Google's deep learning tumor prediction heat maps
Google Research is also hard at work developing deep learning tools that can "naturally complement pathologists' workflow." They used images to train their deep learning algorithm Inception (aka GoogLeNet) to identify breast cancer tumors that have spread to adjacent lymph nodes. The algorithm reached a localization score of 89%, exceeding the 73% accuracy rate for pathologists.
Prognosis Detection
Prognosis provides an estimate of how serious or advanced the stage of cancer, and hence the chances of survival. Staging systems for cancer are critical for predicting the patient's prognosis but suffer from limitations. Researchers in South Korea utilized deep learning to develop a prediction model for the prognosis of patients suffering from gastric cancer and undergoing treatment (i.e. gastrectomy). They found that deep learning showed superior survival predictive powers compared to other prediction models.
Deep learning for the quantification of tumor-infiltrating immune cells in breast cancer samples has also been used by researchers in Finland and Sweden. Immune cell infiltration in tumors is considered an emerging prognostic biomarker, and the gold standard for the quantification of immune cells in tissues is the visual assessment through a microscope. In this study, deep learning provided good discrimination of immune cell-rich areas.
Closing Thoughts on Deep Learning in Oncology
Many research-oriented entities are encouraging companies to innovate with machine and deep learning in the field of oncology, while others are publishing and making their research and insights on deep learning in oncology available to the public.
Kaggle is hosting a $1 million competition to improve lung cancer detection with machine learning. Elsevier is hosting a special issue on deep learning for computer aided cancer detection and diagnosis with medical imaging. Springer has published a book on machine learning in radiation oncology. The list goes on. Many startups — including Behold.ai, Enlitic, Insilico Medicine, Freenome, and other — are also joining in the global mission to stomp out cancer.
Early cancer detection and prognosis is one of several important healthcare areas where deep learning technology has been applied. The use of deep learning in oncology increases the chances that one day, machines may help researchers find a coveted cure and prevention methods for the development of cancer.
Image credit: Stanford News
Deep Learning More Accessible and Making Waves in Video Design, Cancer Identification, and More – This Week in Artificial Intelligence 04-16-16
1 - Bots May be Cool, but DigitalGenius Thinks it Found a Better Way
London- and New York-based DigitalGenuis released a new product this week, Human+AI Customer Service Platform, that links to customer service platforms like Zendesk and Salesforce and supplements the chatbot experience. The service analyzes customer service logs from emails, chats, and other social interactions in order to assess the most common issues and determine the best or most likely response by the automated system. Each response has a 'confidence threshold', or how likely the response is to be accurate. The customer then decides the threshold with which they're most comfortable receiving an automated response; any responses below the threshold are routed to a human agent. In addition to the rollout of its new hybrid customer service model, DigitalGenuis also raised another $4.1 million in venture funds from companies like Salesforce Ventures, Bloomberg Beta, and Singularity Investments.
Facebook's New "Deep Learning" A.I. Team Established
It's been announced that Facebook has a new, 8-man "AI Team" working away at specific issues and opportunities for what's being called "deep learning." In the MIT Technology Review, Facebook's CTO Mike Schroepfer is quoted:
Skymind Machine Learning Applications for Enterprise
Episode Summary: CEO Chris Nicholson speaks on Skymind machine learning applications, which integrate with Hadoop and Spark. In this episode, Nicholson sheds light on current machine learning trends that he sees across industries and best practices for implementing AI solutions in order to gain consistent return on investment. For our readers who enjoyed out consensus on future trends in artificial intelligence consumer applications, it may be interesting to hear some of Chris's specific use cases in industry.
Google and Microsoft Invest in "Privacy-Preserving" Deep Learning
Big data is big business. But in an age of digital privacy paranoia, it isn't always easy for tech companies to get their hands on information – particularly when some of the most potentially beneficial data is also confidential, locked up in healthcare and finance companies who aren't comfortable sharing.
Deep Learning Applications in Medical Imaging
In 1895, the German physicist, Wilhelm Röntgen, showed his wife Anna an X-ray of her hand. "I have seen my death," she said. Medical imaging broke paradigms when it first began more than 100 years ago, and deep learning medical applications that have evolved over the past few years seem poised to once again take us beyond our current reality and open up new possibilities in the field.
How Will AI Impact the Healthcare Landscape?
We asked over 50 AI executives to predict the impact of AI in healthcare in the next 5 years, and we compiled the responses into 10 interactive infographics. Explore the full study:
View Research


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Topic: Historical Fantasy [F for M characters]
Author Topic: Historical Fantasy [F for M characters] (Read 256 times)
finifugal
Bacchae
Not your good girl.
My Role Play Preferences
View My Rolls
Historical Fantasy [F for M characters]
Introduction to Me
(My) Aspirations for You
Plot One
Plot Two
→ Who I Am
Mid-twenties female writer with a passion for intellectual and detailed writing. I exclusively write MxF at this time. I like to think I have a sense of humor, I probably use too many commas, and I'm one of the more vanilla writers to populate E. Please glance at my O/Os before you proceed. No, really, please. I'll write your character's pants off, but I enjoy romance and character development first and foremost. Please know if you work with me I'll work for you. The better I know you and the more comfortable I am with our writing relationship and roleplay, the more flexible I might be willing to get.
→ Who You Are
A communicative writer who prefers long-term roleplays which contain thoughtful multi-paragraph posts. You do not have to be a man or even a native English speaker, you just need to know how to build and maintain a story with clear and proofread writing. You like love character development and you understand that writing teasing, bickering, and tension is all apart of the delicious build-up. You respect boundaries and read O/Os, and something about this thread caught your eye. I like folks who know how to plot, take criticism with grace, and give criticism with tact. I try to bring these qualities to the table myself, and I prioritize knowing my writing partners at minimum superficially.
→ Important Details
Please PM me if you like a plot. I'll update this as regularly as my schedule allows.
I tend not to write the same exact plot twice, but I'll do varieties of the same plot outline.
Face claims are great but well-known celebrities make it a bit weird for me, sorry.
I prefer to write over E forums or PMs at this time.
My replies will typically be somewhat to very lengthy. The longer the better. Quality over quantity.
I'm open to being approached with ideas not listed here!
MxF: Pirates, Fantasy, Historical
Plot One: But peaceful sleep is ever there, beneath the dark blue waves.
My character is the eldest daughter of a wealthy merchant living in a seaside town. Despite her proximity to the ocean, she has never had an affinity for it. When my character was a young child, her family fled their country by boat and came to this land as refugees. They were beset upon by pirates close to harbor; they ultimately made it to safety, but the attack cost my character her mother's life.
Although the enchanting lure of the sea has always been there, my character has since refused to ever board another ship. Her father refuses to speak of their home country with similar stubbornness, and has since made a name for himself despite the town initially regarding his family as outsiders. My character is largely unconcerned by her heritage, and even though she does her best to blend in, is still considered one of the exotic fixtures around town. My character has no plans to travel or expand her world view beyond her comfy home, and is excited to inherit her father's mercantile business when he retires. She has a mind for business and no time for nonsense, just like her father, but her reluctance to go near ships has proven her ascension to a place of power in her father's business... Difficult.
In the dead of night, a suspicious ship sets anchor a little ways away from shore. Pirates make landfall and begin to pillage and plunder the town. They have never been to this port before, but this is not the first time the locals have seen pirates. The militia stationed in the town are quick to react against the seafaring marauders, and a fierce battle breaks out. My character's father does his duty to go fight for the town they've chosen as home, and despite several protests and having a worthy fighting spirit of her own, my character is made to stay put and lock the doors.
With the fight raging in the center of town, the captain of the ship, your character, heads for the most opulent manor.
Your character breaks in to my character's home and begins to raid her late mother's jewelry. In an attempt to stop your character, mine holds your captain at sword point. Although my character is not wet behind the ears with a sword, she is also not a seasoned fighter, and she is ultimately overpowered by your character. Upon taking a closer look at my character, yours decides that they are worth far more than any bejeweled trinkets. So your character offers a proposition: in exchange for ending the bloodshed and leaving port, my character must come aboard his ship as a captive.
My character accepts for the greater good of her remaining family and to save the fate of the only town she's ever felt at home in. There is little enthusiasm in her acceptance however, and thus begins a difficult and antagonistic relationship. The captain has bitten off more than he can chew, and my character is more clever and determined than her impetuous nature insinuates.
There are lots of directions this could take. Here are a few options, which I'd love to chat about. We could even use these all as plot points in a long-term roleplay, or blend elements of them together:
Your character could be ready to rid himself of this pretty little prize with a smart mouth by selling her off. However, they run into an issue at the next port of trade because they're not far enough away that she is not recognized by merchants close with her father. This creates some professional inconveniences for your captain, which sets them back at sea for an undetermined amount of time. They flee to sea, until they're far enough away my character won't be recognized again at the next port. This creates ample time for them to get to know one another more and clash in all the best ways. Bonus points if his crew either wants to have a taste of their human cargo, or get rid of her because of superstitious nonsense - so she winds up sharing his captain's quarters because he wants his money's worth when they finally sell her. And damaged goods don't go for much these days.
There is a maritime battle with a rival pirate ship not long after they leave my character's seaside town. My character can be snatched up in the midst of battle, meet her new captors, and become very motivated to make her way back to her original captor for reasons she will refuse to acknowledge just to be a brat.
This battle could be with a local government ship that is bound and determined to send my character back to where she came from, to a land where she barely still speaks the language. But your captain wants what's his, so he'll track down where his exotic prize has gone and steal her back, whether she likes it or not.
Your character could coincidentally take my character right back to where she's originally from, where everyone discovers in a hurry she's more than a simple merchant's daughter. Instead, she's the rightful heir to a throne that was torn from her family through subterfuge and blood. Fleeing to that quiet seaside town all those years ago was the only reason she lived to adulthood. To some in her old country she's worth more dead, but to others she is a queen returned to her birthright, making her a very valuable and high risk asset for your character.
→ A big part of this plot is that my character doesn't hail from the country from which she is taken by your character. This doesn't have to be based in reality - she can be a girl among elves, an elf among fae, or just simply have different human features that are either slightly or very contrasting to her local population. This is not a racial fetish roleplay by any stretch of the imagination, and if that's what draws you to this plot I do not think I will be the right writing partner for you.
MxF: Medieval, Fantasy, Historical
Plot Two: Only the dead have seen the end of war.
A continental superpower defined by its theocratic government, the bastion of the north, has been splintered by its own civil wars. In the face of widespread famine god has died, at least in this country. The ever-hostile nation to the south has trekked northward to capitalize on the ruin of their crumbling neighbor, just like they did when they absorbed territories to the west a hundred years ago. The southern soldiers sworn to their xenophobic, militant state have met the weary but stalwart souls of northern blood - in which ice is fabled to run. War has been officially declared by both sides, and several battles have been fought and come to a surprising stalemate.
The southerners were not anticipating a show of force by the northern army. What they believed to be a rag-tag team of famished farmers was in reality a legion of fighters armed with a most dangerous weapon: desperation. Despite this, the southerners outmatched their neighbor in sheer numbers if not ferocity. The tide was likely to turn in their favor but as winter set in, no side is able to make any moves of meaning until the ice thaws.
It is important to note that the northern country is a more traditional land where women don't fight in war, which is why their numbers can't hope to match the legions from the south. Conversely, the south knows both men and women bleed red at the end of the day.
When your character, a northerner who is a soldier who dodged the draft, a healer, or on the run for his own mysterious reasons [the possibilities are endless], finds a woman in the aftermath of a battle, he assumes she must be a casualty from the north. There are no features to identify my character as a southerner, and so your character rescues what must be a damsel in distress.
As a trained soldier born and bred by brutal southern heat and military discipline, my character is horrified that she's been taken in by a northerner. To make matters worse, she's in no position to flee in the midst of her first real winter from someone who can easily overpower her while she's healing. In order to survive my character must engage in subterfuge, masquerading as a simple northern girl and somehow manage to fool your character, the person who's been caring for them since she awoke.
Whether or not her companion figures it out quickly is up to us, but regardless your character feels some sense of duty to keep this reckless woman alive now that he's gone to all the trouble of dragging her back to health. The longer they spend together, the more a tentative symbiotic relationship is established, one that is not without turbulence. It can be fueled by prejudice ingrained by their varying cultural upbringings, or a total clash of personalities because your character just can't understand why mine doesn't behave like a good religious northern girl.
This plot is a lot more variable than the first. I intentionally left many things vague, but I'd like to have this semblance of structure for the background and relationship. When I originally wrote this plot, the genders were reversed, and I'm totally ok with doing that version of the plot instead. However, I'm keen on turning familiar dynamics on their head to keep things interesting. Don't get me wrong, I love a soldier and will always love a man in uniform, but there's something fun about taming a woman who is trained to fight. I'm not one to write a shivering flower of a character in bed.
The background of your character can be literally anything. His origin can be a whole plot in and of itself. I just provided the rough structure for the world, as well as the idea of the pair of them on the run together. They could run into some of my character's southern comrades and she's forced to defend her northern savior from them - maybe he's forced to defend her against other northerners when they discover the side she's really on.
I'm not impartial to the idea that my character was ordered to be caught and infiltrate the other side, but her plan went askew because she wasn't planning on being saved, defended, and nurtured back to health. Love a good internal conflict, or the conflict between duty and passion.
Your character could be on the run from his own government because he's a high-ranking priest/official that dissented with the direction his government took. Religion could potentially play a large role in this to add another layer of flavor. A cleric that's had his morals compromised, finding himself abandoning passivity to snarl toe to toe with his new charge, and yielding to his baser instincts - whew. (I am very partial to this particular vein of plot. A stern man who eventually gives in to what he wants? Come on.)
→ As with above, a big part of this plot is ingrained cultural differences that could be racial, ideological, and/or religious. There is no end to ways people can misunderstand one another and get off on the wrong foot, which is the kind of dynamic I thrive with. This plot is a historical flavor to be sure, but absolutely doesn't have to be based in any reality that mirrors our own. An element of magic, divination from the old gods, or just plain different magical races such as fae, elf, warlocks and so on are not just interesting but encouraged. While maybe repetitive of me to say, this point bears being monotonous: I'm not here to crush religious folks and I'm not going to play a fetishized exotic amazon woman.
Please do not post in this thread. PM me if something catches your eye. ♥
Thank you to dearest friend/OG cowriter/sworn enemy Painless, who gets credit for my continued commitment to E.
« Last Edit: January 08, 2021, 09:30:31 PM by finifugal »
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The collection includes a partial copy of the 1691 Tulley almanac (leaves for March through October only). The earliest complete almanac here is Clough's Farewell: An Almanack for . . . 1708, published in Boston by Bartholomew Green. Clough had been issuing almanacs in Boston since 1700, and had died in October 1707 just as this edition was almost ready for press; it features a black-bordered title page and a page-long elegy to Clough on the final leaf. Other early almanacs include 7 from the 1720s by Travis, Whittemore, and Bowen * Joseph Stafford's almanacs for 1739 and 1740 * and a large grouping of 41 Nathaniel Ames almanacs dating from 1732 to 1786. Ames's "Astronomical Diary or Almanack for . . . 1772" includes 3 woodcut engravings by Paul Revere: the dwarf Emma Leach, "The Patriotic American Farmer" John Dickinson and Catharine M'Caulay (see Brigham, Paul Revere's Engravings, page 135).
Many of these almanacs were issued during the years of the American Revolution and contain related content. The Salem edition of "Bickerstaff's Boston Almanack for . . . 1777" features a title-page portrait of John Hancock. Stearns's "The North-American's Almanack, and Gentleman's and Lady's Diary, for . . . 1776," issued in Worcester, MA during the Siege of Boston, features "An Account of the Commencement of Hostilities between Great-Britain and America, in the Province of Massachusetts-Bay." The Ames almanac for 1775 features the dramatic cover illustration "The Virtuous Patriot at the Hour of Death," and the 1777 edition includes an important map, "A View of the Present Seat of War, at and near New-York."
Many of the almanacs have contemporary manuscript notes or ownership inscriptions; a few were used as diaries or daily memorandum books, not an uncommon practice in the 18th century. For example, the "Bickerstaff's Boston Almanac for . . . 1768" was used as a diary by the Rev. Abishai Sabin of Pomfret, CT, using interleaved sheets. Thomas's Massachusetts Almanacs for 1785 and 1786 were similarly used by an unidentified lawyer.
The collection includes approximately 300 different almanacs, with about 240 of them dating from the 18th century, plus more than 40 duplicates. Most of them are from Massachusetts; exceptions include several early almanacs from Philadelphia, New York, Providence, Newport, Hartford, and New London. Benjamin West's "An Almanack for . . . 1763" was his first almanac, and the first almanac printed in Providence, RI--one of the earliest Providence imprints. This lot does not include any work by early America's two most famous almanac editors, Benjamin Franklin or Benjamin Banneker. It otherwise includes a strong cross-section of important almanacs from the early 18th century though the Revolution and the Federal period. Provenance: from the collection of Jay Snider. Detailed inventory available upon request.


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Val-d'Arc es una comuna del departamento de Saboya, en la región de Auvernia-Ródano-Alpes, en el sureste de Francia. Fue creado el 1 de enero de 2019 por la fusión de las antiguas comunas de Randens (la sede) y Aiguebelle.

Referencias

Localidades de Saboya
Estados y territorios fundados en 2019

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Colten has always been a determined hard worker and began his first job at the age of 11 on a dairy farm. Now he has his Bachelor's degree in Accounting and has a wide variety of experience in business and customer service. The main thing to know about Colten is that he always has a big smile on his face.
Colten is married and has 2 fur children. Outside of work you can find him enjoying the occasional vacation to Disneyland, and the more frequent weekend camping trips.


The laughing ceased as I walked into the room, turning to piercing eyes and whispers hidden behind folders. I inhaled deeply, trying to hold back the tears stinging my eyes. I wouldn't let them know how they injured me with their thinly veiled gossip.
I had been so proud to go pick up my copy of the literary magazine that had printed my first poem that day. My friends knew me by my constant flow of words. Whether notes folded into shapes that might pass for origami or poems scribbled on the back of a math assignment I half-paid attention to, my words were frequent and plentiful. Angst beyond my years and teenage over exaggerations characterized my writing back then but all emotions feel like they hold the power of life and death when you are fifteen, don't they?
I had several teachers that encouraged me to turn my writing into something more than poetry about the boy I was currently obsessing over (this week). Even though the magazine only contained entries from our school, I was emboldened by what felt like a big accomplishment—until the whispers came.
It became apparent whom I had written the poem about when word quickly spread that my boyfriend of months had dumped me over the phone the weekend before. To his popular senior friends, my broken sophomore heart was the fodder of laughter by lockers. My words may have been juvenile, loftily speaking of what I had no business calling love in my naiveté, but they came from the tender places I hadn't yet learned to hide, from a vulnerability I would thereafter conceal. My own words were used as a weapon against me, to bring shame.
My first publication—poisoned by wounds to an insecure little girl's heart, like the first scars of youth that inspired them. Words meant for life brought a little piece of death.
Many scars and lost loves later, I scribbled words in haste at the end of a journal I had kept for over two years. I had filled it lovingly with the deepest desires of my heart and letters to give one day to the guy I believed I would marry. We had parted ways with tears but not anger, God taking us in different directions. But when he quickly launched into another relationship, that wounded girl from the hallways of my youth fought back in the way I had learned held power—with my words.
Words I had intended as a record of our relationship to be given to him in love were thrust at him as a weapon. I wanted to wound him the way he had wounded me by moving on so quickly and not honoring what I thought we'd had. I twisted something meant for good into a poison I wanted him to choke down. "Look what you destroyed," I said with my vindictive act. I used my words against him, to bring shame.
My first adult relationship—poisoned by wounds to an insecure little girl's heart, like the first scars of youth that inspired them. Words meant for life brought a little piece of death.
I have long since destroyed most of the journals of my youth and cringe when I read my early poetry. I'd like to say I didn't know the power of words back then, that I was a foolhardy child. But I knew early on the way words could rescue or wreck, heal or destroy. I learned from the wounds inflicted on me how to fight back with my way with words. It would be years though before I would understand the full weight of the responsibility I had been given as a storyteller.
Today I pray before I put pen to page with the words of St. Francis "Lord, make me an instrument of peace." I try (and often fail) to measure my words and think about the cost they carry, whether they have the potential to build up or tear down. Whether in a book, a passionate letter, or a hasty Facebook post, the words we read and write have power beyond the simple letters that form them.
We are all part of a grand story and we add our words to a history that outlives us, a record of the choices we make to love or hate. We all have a story to write with our lives. May it filled with words that heal, encourage, and empower. Whether millions read them or just one, whether a child is shaped by them or a love ignited by them—may we may we feel the weight of our stories and see the fruit of they bear when we choose the words of life.
This entry was posted in Words, Writing and tagged death, encouragement, gossip, life, peace, power, power of words, stories, story, storyteller, words, words of life, writing. Bookmark the permalink.


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Kinesis recommends action plans based on sound marketing practices and design principles.
Our team creates customized solutions that work for the client's particular situation, goals, and objectives.
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We keep hearing odd things about US startup the Zenn car company and its exclusive deal with ultrasecretive ultracapacitor startup EEStor [PDF]. An ultracapicitor, for the uninitiated, is like a big battery but it stores energy as a static electric field, rather than through a chemical process. You can think of it as a bag into which you can shove electrons, keep them there for as long as you want (given a little leakage), and get them out again as rapidly as you like (with much less waste-heat-generating internal resistance than a battery).
According to more than one enthusiastic report, the combination of these two inventive companies will result in a car that can travel 200-300 miles on just a five-minute charge. Real soon now.
Well, we are here to tell you that, whatever technology lurks inside the eventual EEStor-powered Zenn, it will not be charging itself up in five minutes.
The problem lies with the nature of electricity.
Let's be ultra-generous and assume that the EEStor and Zenn combination will be lots more efficient than the G-Wiz and will squeeze 200 miles out of the same amount of stored energy that takes the G-Wiz just 40 odd miles: 10kwh. This is not really feasible, but it is being very kind to the two plucky startups. It might just be possible if you drive veeeeerrrrrrry sloooooooooowly.
Anyway, to get 10,000 watt-hours into the battery in five minutes you need to feed in at a rate of 120,000 watts. This is just basic maths. You can imagine this quite simply: it's like plugging in 120 single-bar electric fires and switching them on at once. As you might imagine, this will likely blow the odd fuse in your house.
Put another way, to supply this from a domestic UK 240 volt supply, you will need to charge at 500 amps. The maximum you can get out of one three pin socket is 13 amps, so you will need to plug your Zenn into about 40 sockets at the same time to avoid blowing any plug fuses.
Assuming you have 40 spare sockets, and the patience to plug them in, you'll immediately blow the main fuse. Domestic electricity supplies just aren't built to supply 500 amps.
So will you instead charge your Zenn at a sort of electric petrol station? No. First, there are none. Second, a 500-amp cable would need to be roughly 40 times as heavy and stiff as a domestic kettle's cord. Unless you pump iron every day, you'll find it difficult to plug in.
No, it's much better to charge an electric car over a period of hours, during the part of the day when it's not moving (given that nobody – barring a few madmen at Le Mans – drives for 24 hours a day).
Instead of charging over five minutes, charge for 40 times as long – at least 3 hours and 20 minutes – and you can use a normal three pin plug.
That's the future of electric cars, no matter what. Unless you use a fuel plus generator or fuel cell to make electricity on the spot, electric cars are going to take hours to charge. No breakthrough in battery-style storage is ever going to change that. It's just maths.


Our team defines and maintains the vision of Mirada's products. We act as the "glue" between different key players interested in our product, from our clients and their subscribers to our partners and Mirada's technical team. We transform information and requirements from each of these players into defined concepts and functionalities, which we then manage within the backlog and roadmap of our product. This roadmap guides the development and evolution of our product, and our department guarantees the consistency and coherence of the development with the vision of both the future of our product and the strategy of our company.


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Search Results: 22 books from 1 publisher. Learn more ›
Places We Go: a kids' guide to community sites
Rachelle Kreisman (author)
Publisher: Red Chair Press LLC ISBN: 9781937529369
Urban communities have many tall buildings while rural communities have smaller and fewer buildings. But all have some places in common. These provide goods or services that make communities liveable.
Being a Good Citizen: a kids' guide to community involvement
Whether it's raising money for a charity or cleaning up a park, getting involved in your community is a great way to help others and feel good about yourself.
People Who Help: a kids' guide to community heroes
Heroes are all around us, people in the community who help others stay safe and be well, teach us, and protect our homes and businesses.
Take a Closer Look at Plastic
JoAnn Early Macken (author)
Look around. Plastic is everywhere. But some experts say today's plastic will be in our landfills for thousands of years to come. Imagine a world without plastic, in some communities, it's a new reality. Explore the good and the bad of plastic in our lives.
Take a Closer Look at Oil
Empires have been built from it, Wars have been fought for it. Imagine a world without oil. What alternatives do we have in a future with limited oil and other fossil fuels?
Take a Closer Look at Bees
It seems they're everywhere. But scientists believe bees are at risk of survival. What has put bees at risk and should we care? Imagine a world without these important pollinators and you'll see a world with fewer and fewer critical food sources.
Take a Closer Look at the Internet
It may be a parent's dream, but imagine life without the internet or world wide web. Would airlines be able to fly? Would our nation's security be at risk? What can be done to safeguard the internet?
Follow the Drinking Gourd: come along the Underground Railroad
Pat Perrin, Wim Coleman (authors), Courtney A. Martin (illustrator)
Slavery in the United States became illegal in the 1860s. Before that, many slaves found their way north by following the Big Dipper, or the Drinking Gourd as they called it. Our story begins in 1880 with Old Ellie and Old Sam, two escaped slaves who share their brave story along the path to freedom called the Underground Railroad.
La Llorona: retelling a Mexican Legend
Pat Perrin, Wim Coleman (author), Martha Avils (illustrator)
La Llorona (The Crying Woman) is a sad and haunting tale from Mexico. Parents have told the story for hundreds of years to misbehaving children and to guard against vanity. Some say the story is about Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés and a native Mexican woman who served as his translator. Her loss can be compared to the loss of native Mexican culture after the Spanish conquest.
Sequoyah and His Talking Leaves: a play about the Cherokee Syllabary)
Pat Perrin, Wim Coleman (author), Siri Weber Feeney (illustrator)
In the early 1800s, white settlers and missionaries were intent on bringing the English language to the illiterate Native Americans. Sequoyah was intrigued by these leaves of paper with strange marks that talked. Doing what no one had ever done before, Sequoyah set about creating a written Cherokee languagehelping preserve the tribe's history and culture even today.
A Slave's Education in Courage: the life of Frederick Douglass
Pat Perrin, Wim Coleman (authors), Damien Ward (illustrator)
In 1845, Frederick Douglass's first autobiography became a bestseller. Many readers could not believe that such a brilliant writer was ever a slave. When Douglass wrote the book, slavery had not yet ended so he kept secret how he escaped from Maryland. By 1881, the Civil War had ended slavery and Douglass felt the time was right to reveal how he escaped. This play is adapted from Douglass's own words from The Life and Times of Frederick Douglass.
Away She Goes: riding Into Women's History
Pat Perrin, Wim Coleman (author), Valentina Belloni (illustrator)
Most people take it for granted: riding a bike. In the late 1800s, the bicycle first came to the United States from Europe. This new "steel horse" was wildly popular. But for women, who either worked in factories or stayed at home, the bicycle liberated them like nothing ever has. One two-wheeled invention changed fashion, opened doors, and led to a movement in women's rights still felt today.
Freedom from Want
Bryon Cahill (author)
Life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness is a quote from the U.S. Constitution most Americans know by heart. The right to have a healthy peacetime life-- to be free from want, hunger, disease -- is one of the rights that defines happiness. Read why this right is important for young people today. Learn how societies around the world fare in providing freedom from want to all people. And discover ways to help deliver critical basic needs to others.
When World War II broke out in Europe, it was the beginning of a race to build bombs and war machines. Following the war, a new "arms race" began between the U.S. and the Soviet Union. Today, nations continue to build dangerous weapons. Read why the freedom from fear is still important more than 70 years after President Franklin Roosevelt spoke of it. And learn about ways people are working to eliminate the arms of war and ensure freedom from fear around the world.
Freedom of Speech and Expression
Protected by the Bill of Rights, the freedom of speech and expression is one of the most cherished rights possessed by citizens of the United States. Explore why this right is important to young people today. Read about ways the freedom of speech protects the media. And learn how this critical freedom is challenged around the world.
Freedom to Worship
The North American colonies were a safe haven for Pilgrims seeking the freedom to worship in their own way. The freedom to worship, or not, is a sacred right protected by the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. Explore why this right is still debated today. And learn how the freedom to express one's religious beliefs continue to be a source of conflict around the world.
Power for the Planet
Anne Flounders (author)
Energy is all around us. Food and sleep are the fuels our bodies use to create the energy we need to move, talk, and think. But scientists tell us some of the fuels that keep our homes and businesses running, power our transportation, and keep us safe are hurting Earth. Learn why energy companies are working to come up with cleaner ways to supply oil and gas, how fuels in the future will be safer for Earth, and what you can do now to use energy wisely. Book features: Table of Contents; Glossary; For More Information including books and web sites; Index; photos and captions; charts and graphs; source notes.
You know the 3Rs: reduce, reuse, and recycle. But what does it really mean and why is it important to cut back on waste? Each year, businesses and homes in the United States throw away enough garbage to equal 251 million elephants. Where would we keep that many elephants? More to the point, where does all that garbage go? Discover why waste is creating problems for Earth and how you can reduce, reuse, and recycle now. Book features: Table of Contents; Glossary; For More Information including books and web sites; Index; photos and captions; charts and graphs; source notes.
How many places do people go in a day? People are always on the go between school, work, shopping, and activities. But how we go can be just as important as where we go. Learn about different ways people move from one place to another, how transportation affects our air, land, and water -- and how you can get there green now to make a difference for Earth. Book features: Table of Contents; Glossary; For More Information including books and web sites; Index; photos and captions; charts and graphs; source notes.
Growing Good Food
Have you thought about where your food comes from? Do you know the difference between organic and nonorganic foods, and is organic always a more healthful choice? Some farmers have opened their farms to the local community to help grow and pick crops. In this book, you'll read why community-supported agriculture is growing fast and how the choices you make at the grocery store can make a big difference in Earth's health as well as your own. Book features: Table of Contents; Glossary; For More Information including books and web sites; Index; photos and captions; charts and graphs; source notes.
Healthy Trees, Healthy Planet
The quiet nature of trees hides the fact that trees are always working for us and for Earth. Trees give us goods to meet our basic needs. Trees are home to animals, insects, and birds. But their biggest and most important job is playing a role in making Earth and our environment healthy. Learn some of the ways trees help, why they are in danger, and what you can do to help protect them now. Book features: Table of Contents; Glossary; For More Information including books and web sites; Index; photos and captions; charts and graphs; source notes.
Friends in the Wild
Think about grass, trees, flowers -- even the dirt and weeds -- all around you. Did you know these are the habitats or natural homes for insects, birds, and other animals? Not only are the plants important to Earth's animals, the health and safety of Earth's many different animals are important to your health. Learn why biodiversity is important, how the natural homes of various animals are being threatened, and what you can do now to preserve and protect our natural environment. Book features: Table of Contents; Glossary; For More Information including books and web sites; Index; photos and captions; charts and graphs; source notes.


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Q: What'S the difference between these two initialization snippets? Which one is correct? While looking through some code, I found two different code snippets for initialization. I don't mean the method names, but the round brackets.
This one has just two of them:
if (self = [super initWithFrame:frame]) {

That's the way I do it all the time, and it seems to work. Now in an Apple example I found this:
if ((self = [super init])) {

Do I have to put it twice into round brackets here? Or is it just fine to put it in one pair of brackets, like the first example?

A: One pair of brackets is just fine
I call them "paranoia brackets" :)
EDIT: some C/C++ compilers will issue a warning because of the use of the assignment operator (it will say something like "did you mean ==" ?). Using extra parentheses prevents this warning. But XCode doesn't show this kind of warning, so there's no need to do that.

A: In some languages, if( foo = bar ) implies that the assignment was correctly applied.  So the calls:
if( ( foo = bar ) )
would evaluate the assignment and return the result as the outer () act as a LHS, ie,
blah = foo = bar

the outer () act sort of like blah.
In ANSI C and it's children C++ and Objective-C this isn't strictly necessary.  However as has been mentioned some compilers will issue a warning since the "=" / "==" type-o can be a nasty one.  That type-o led to the idiom of putting the invariant or constant at the left hand side to cause compile time catching of the problem:
if( nil == foo )

if both sides are variables though it's still possibly a mistake.
There is a good reason for doing this even though gcc isn't warning you or evaluating things differently.
If you are writing code in a team environment your peers may not be sure you meant "=" or just mistyped "==", causing them to peer more closely at what you're doing even though there's no need to.  In the style of "write once to be read 1000 times" you put in clues to prevent people from having to waste time when reading your code.  For instance, use clear and spelled out variable names (no economy on bytes these days!).  Don't use obtuse and overly optimized constructs in areas that aren't drags on performance - write your code cleanly.
In this case, use (( )) to indicate you knew it was "=" not "==".
Don't forget, Apple is writing their examples for not just a dozen people to read, but potentially every man, woman, and child on earth to read now and in the future.  Clarity is of upmost importance.

A: Looks like a cut and paste error to me! (Or a lover of Lisp.) There is no good reason to have the second pair of brackets but, as you note, it's not actually harmful.

A: If I've got this right the first one checks that the assignment self = [super initWithFrame:frame] happens and the second one checks that the result of that assignment is true
But this could just be a lack of tea speaking...

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


It's no secret 76ers guard Markelle Fultz struggled shooting last season, but according to his trainer Drew Hanlen, his shot is going to be perfect by the end of summer.
In an interview on the Talking Schmidt Podcast, Hanlen said Fultz had a case of "the yips" during his rookie season, but they have spent the offseason fixing his jumper.
"With Markelle, obviously he has one of the most documented cases of kind of the yips of basketball in recent years, where he completely forgot how to shoot and had multiple hitches in his shot," Hanlen said, per PhillyVoice.com. So for me it was, hey listen, how can I get this kid that was No. 1 in last year's draft back rolling and get him to the point where he was before, if not better?"
Hanlen explained that he's confident they will be able to get his shot back in time for the start of next season.
"We've been working hard every day, working on rewiring his body and getting a kind of smooth stroke back into his shot," Hanlen added.
"We're way ahead of pace where I thought we were going to be, I thought it was going to take me at least six weeks before we had kind of a serviceable jump shot, and we're already starting to shoot with a jump in week two. It's not perfect yet, but I think by the end of the summer it will be perfect."
Hanlen is known for the work he's done with Bradley Beal, Jayson Tatum, and Joel Embiid.
Philadelphia selected the 20-year-old with the No.1 overall pick in the 2017 NBA Draft, but Fultz's performance in his first season with the NBA was underwhelming as he averaged 7.1 points with 3.1 rebounds and 3.8 assists.


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City Code, Ordinances & Policy Resolutions
Recently Adopted Ordinances
The ordinances listed below have been adopted by City Council and are waiting to be integrated into the City Code in its next code update. If there is an ordinance missing that was recently passed, you may find it under non-codified ordinances.
Ordinance No. 1443 (PDF): An ordinance to amend the code to make changes to the building height limitations in the B-3, City Center District.
Ordinance No. 1445 (PDF): An ordinance to amend the code to establish requirements to provide for charging stations for electric vehicles.
Ordinance No. 1447 (PDF): An ordinance to amend the Human Relations chapter of the code to add/alter some definitions, correct a typographical error and delete a portion of one section.
Ordinance No. 1448 (PDF): An ordinance to amend the separation distance between marihuana provisioning centers.
Ordinance No. 1449 (PDF): An ordinance to create an overlay district for building height.
Ordinance No. 1450 (PDF): An ordinance to amend the code related to temporary window signs and projecting signs.
Ordinance No. 1451 (PDF): An ordinance to amend the code to prohibit the ignition, discharge and use of consumer fireworks.
Ordinance No. 1453 (PDF): An ordinance to add a section to the code on the licensing and regulation of electric skateboards (commonly referred to as scooters) in the East Lansing community.
Ordinance No. 1454 (PDF): An ordinance to incorporate violations of the landlord and tenant relations act into the property maintenance code and prescribe penalties for violations as well as allow the Chief Code Official to appeal license sanctions.
Ordinance No. 1456 (PDF): An ordinance to amend the Zoning Use District Map to rezone the Shaw Estates Neighborhood to Residential Rental Restriction Overlay District.
Ordinance No. 1457 (PDF): An ordinance to amend the code with respect to the use and possession of marihuana.
Non-codified Ordinances
City Clerk Home
Licensing & Permits
City Charter (PDF)
Domestic Partnership Registry
Peddlers, Solicitors & Transient Merchants


Backing winners when the going is heavy generally is a nightmare with some winter conferences turning out to be a punter's graveyard but when what to search for then you will discover winners at lengthy odds throughout this troublesome winter interval.Type acquired in agency and useless going is just not essentially a great information to a horse's possibilities in moist floor. It's nevertheless a sign of health subsequently we can't dismiss such horses with cheap type on first rate tracks after they face a change of going as a result of some horses deal with most kinds of going. We can't rule out horses with poor type both particularly if their latest racing has been in going which isn't their most popular sort. This turns into a balancing act, one which might frustrate type college students who having weighed up the professionals and cons of every horse's possibilities will watch in despair as an unbacked longshot with completely no type in unhealthy floor romps residence.
It is very important put issues into perspective. A 20/1 winner means you solely must get one winner in each 20 bets but some individuals will attempt a system as soon as and when it loses complain that the system doesn't work. In case you hand over too simply you run the danger of lacking out on winners that will have recouped your earlier losses had you caught with the system.Listed below are some programs that you could be wish to attempt;The Crushed favourites final day out in heavy going system. You may as well forgive a horse for failing in unhealthy floor. There are such a lot of kinds of heavy going akin to puggy floor the place the mud had dried subsequently making the bottom sticky which many horses wrestle on or a free heavy going the place the horses are getting by way of it however some can't deal with the shifty nature of the going.Horses on a seven-day back-up are value contemplating in heavy going as a result of present health is all necessary and a horse that finishes out of the cash just lately can't be discounted as a result of heavy tracks are infamous for producing type reversals. Within the occasion that there are a number of horses in the identical race on a 7-day back-up then the one which has received probably the most races in heavy going needs to be most popular.
One other technique is to again horses that received their final race in heavy going. The rationale this typically works is as a result of any horse that wins in testing situations is clearly very match and match horses can overcome a variety of damaging elements.


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Apple Leases 635 KSF Office Campus in Seattle
The company will fully occupy 333 Dexter, Kilroy Realty's first ground-up development in the city. The project comprises two LEED Platinum 12-story towers scheduled for completion in late 2019.
Adina Marcut
333 Dexter Ave. Image courtesy of Kilroy Realty
Following the sale of Townsgate Road, an 84,098-square-foot office building in Los Angeles, Kilroy Realty Corp. has signed a long-term lease with Apple, which will fully occupy 333 Dexter, a 635,000-square-foot campus in the heart of South Lake Union in Seattle. Scheduled for completion in late 2019, the two-tower project marks KRC's first ground-up development in Seattle.
In a press event held at 333 Dexter on June 24, Apple confirmed its plans to hire more than 2,000 employees in the city over the next five years. The new positions will include both hardware and software jobs.
Located at 333 Dexter Ave. N., near Dexter Avenue and Highway 99, 333 Dexter is close to Seattle's Space Needle and provides convenient access to global technology and life science innovators, such as Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Amazon and UW Medicine.
The office complex comprises two LEED Platinum 12-story towers that can house as many as 4,500 employees. The property offers three podium floors, with 62,000 square feet of flexible floor plates, as well as 15,000 square feet of first-floor retail space. Other amenities include a two-floor bike facility with 128 lockers, 12 showers and 340 bike racks directly accessible from the street level.
Kilroy Realty Corporation
Hines Breaks Ground on Seattle-Area Tower, Amazon Is Reported Tenant
Investcorp JV Sells Seattle Office Tower for $305M
EQ Office Grows Seattle Footprint in $1.2B Deal
Top 5 Pacific Northwest Office Transactions
Seattle Office Portfolio Receives $135M Refi


How the law will 'nationalize' the health care system.
This entry was posted in Healthcare and tagged Behind, intentions, Krauthammer, Obamacare, Real on December 24, 2013 by William.
cancer is curable / reversable.
illusion. Separate yourself from that trick and don't fall for it anymore.
still have happened with Romney-care, or Hilary-care). WAKE UP PEOPLE!!
ObamaCare, the name says it already.
You pay the care for *Obama & his masters*.
Hey conservatives. Lying is a sin and it is immoral. Just so you know.


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Santalales is an order of flowering plants. Many of the members of the order are parasitic plants, mostly hemiparasites, able to produce sugars through photosynthesis, but tapping the stems or roots of other plants to obtain water and minerals, though some are obligate parasites, with low concentrations of chlorophyll and derive the majority of their sustenance from their hosts' vascular tissues. Most have seeds without testae (seed coats), which is unusual for flowering plants.

The anthophytes are a grouping of plant taxa bearing flower-like reproductive structures. They were formerly thought to be a clade comprising plants bearing flower-like structures.  The group contained the angiosperms - the extant flowering plants, such as roses and grasses - as well as the Gnetales and the extinct Bennettitales.

23,420 species of vascular plant have been recorded in South Africa, making it the sixth most species-rich country in the world and the most species-rich country on the African continent. Of these, 153 species are considered to be threatened. Nine biomes have been described in South Africa: Fynbos, Succulent Karoo, desert, Nama Karoo, grassland, savanna, Albany thickets, the Indian Ocean coastal belt, and forests.

The 2018 South African National Biodiversity Institute's National Biodiversity Assessment plant checklist lists 35,130 taxa in the phyla Anthocerotophyta (hornworts (6)), Anthophyta (flowering plants (33534)), Bryophyta (mosses (685)), Cycadophyta (cycads (42)), Lycopodiophyta (Lycophytes(45)), Marchantiophyta (liverworts (376)), Pinophyta (conifers (33)), and Pteridophyta (cryptogams (408)).

Three families are represented in the literature. Listed taxa include species, subspecies, varieties, and forms as recorded, some of which have subsequently been allocated to other taxa as synonyms, in which cases the accepted taxon is appended to the listing. Multiple entries under alternative names reflect taxonomic revision over time.

Loranthaceae
Family: Loranthaceae,

Actinanthella
Genus Actinanthella:
 Actinanthella wyliei (Sprague) Wiens, endemic

Agelanthus
Genus Agelanthus:
 Agelanthus crassifolius (Wiens) Polhill & Wiens, endemic
 Agelanthus gracilis (Toelken & Wiens) Polhill & Wiens, indigenous
 Agelanthus kraussianus (Meisn.) Polhill & Wiens, endemic
 Agelanthus lugardii (N.E.Br.) Polhill & Wiens, indigenous
 Agelanthus natalitius (Meisn.) Polhill & Wiens, indigenous
 Agelanthus natalitius (Meisn.) Polhill & Wiens subsp. natalitius, indigenous
 Agelanthus natalitius (Meisn.) Polhill & Wiens subsp. zeyheri (Harv.) Polhill & Wiens, indigenous
 Agelanthus prunifolius (E.Mey. ex Harv.) Polhill & Wiens, endemic
 Agelanthus pungu (De Wild.) Polhill & Wiens, endemic
 Agelanthus sambesiacus (Engl. & Schinz) Polhill & Wiens, endemic
 Agelanthus transvaalensis (Sprague) Polhill & Wiens, indigenous

Erianthemum
Genus Erianthemum:
 Erianthemum dregei (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Tiegh. indigenous
 Erianthemum ngamicum (Sprague) Danser, indigenous

Helixanthera
Genus Helixanthera:
 Helixanthera garciana (Engl.) Danser, indigenous
 Helixanthera subcylindrica (Sprague) Danser, accepted as Helixanthera woodii (Schltr. & K.Krause) Danser, present
 Helixanthera woodii (Schltr. & K.Krause) Danser, indigenous

Loranthus
Genus Loranthus:
 Loranthus natalitius Meisn. var. minor (Harv.) J.M.Wood, accepted as Agelanthus gracilis (Toelken & Wiens) Polhill & Wiens, indigenous

Moquinia
Genus Moquinia:
 Moquinia rubra A.Spreng. accepted as Moquiniella rubra (A.Spreng.) Balle, indigenous

Moquiniella
Genus Moquiniella:
 Moquiniella rubra (A.Spreng.) Balle, indigenous

Odontella
Genus Odontella:
 Odontella welwitschii (Engl.) Balle, accepted as Oncocalyx welwitschii (Engl.) Polhill & Wiens

Oncocalyx
Genus Oncocalyx:
 Oncocalyx bolusii (Sprague) Wiens & Polhill, indigenous
 Oncocalyx quinquenervius (Hochst.) Wiens & Polhill, endemic

Pedistylis
Genus Pedistylis:
 Pedistylis galpinii (Schinz ex Sprague) Wiens, indigenous

Plicosepalus
Genus Plicosepalus:
 Plicosepalus amplexicaulis Wiens, indigenous
 Plicosepalus kalachariensis (Schinz) Danser, indigenous
 Plicosepalus undulatus (E.Mey. ex Harv.) Tiegh. indigenous

Septulina
Genus Septulina:
 Septulina glauca (Thunb.) Tiegh. indigenous
 Septulina ovalis (E.Mey. ex Harv.) Tiegh. indigenous

Tapinanthus
Genus Tapinanthus:
 Tapinanthus carsonii (Baker & Sprague) Danser, accepted as Agelanthus pungu (De Wild.) Polhill & Wiens
 Tapinanthus ceciliae (N.E.Br.) Danser, accepted as Agelanthus pungu (De Wild.) Polhill & Wiens, present
 Tapinanthus cinereus (Engl.) Danser, accepted as Phragmanthera cinerea (Engl.) Balle
 Tapinanthus crassifolius Wiens, accepted as Agelanthus crassifolius (Wiens) Polhill & Wiens, present
 Tapinanthus discolor (Schinz) Danser, accepted as Agelanthus discolor (Schinz) Balle
 Tapinanthus forbesii (Sprague) Wiens, indigenous
 Tapinanthus glaucocarpus (Peyr.) Danser, accepted as Phragmanthera glaucocarpa (Peyr.) Balle
 Tapinanthus gracilis Toelken & Wiens, accepted as Agelanthus gracilis (Toelken & Wiens) Polhill & Wiens, present
 Tapinanthus guerichii (Engl.) Danser, accepted as Phragmanthera guerichii (Engl.) Balle
 Tapinanthus kraussianus (Meisn.) Tiegh. subsp. kraussianus, accepted as Agelanthus kraussianus (Meisn.) Polhill & Wiens, present
 Tapinanthus kraussianus (Meisn.) Tiegh. subsp. transvaalensis (Sprague) Wiens, accepted as Agelanthus transvaalensis (Sprague) Polhill & Wiens, present
 Tapinanthus leendertziae (Sprague) Wiens, accepted as Tapinanthus quequensis (Weim.) Polhill & Wiens, present
 Tapinanthus lugardii (N.E.Br.) Danser, accepted as Agelanthus lugardii (N.E.Br.) Polhill & Wiens, present
 Tapinanthus natalitius (Meisn.) Danser subsp. natalitius, accepted as Agelanthus natalitius (Meisn.) Polhill & Wiens subsp. natalitius, present
 Tapinanthus natalitius (Meisn.) Danser subsp. zeyheri (Harv.) Wiens, accepted as Agelanthus natalitius (Meisn.) Polhill & Wiens subsp. zeyheri (Harv.) Polhill & Wiens, present
 Tapinanthus oleifolius (J.C.Wendl.) Danser, indigenous
 Tapinanthus prunifolius (E.Mey. ex Harv.) Tiegh. accepted as Agelanthus prunifolius (E.Mey. ex Harv.) Polhill & Wiens, present
 Tapinanthus quequensis (Weim.) Polhill & Wiens, indigenous
 Tapinanthus rubromarginatus (Engl.) Danser, indigenous
 Tapinanthus sambesiacus (Engl. & Schinz) Danser, accepted as Agelanthus sambesiacus (Engl. & Schinz) Polhill & Wiens, present
 Tapinanthus terminaliae (Engl. & Gilg) Danser, accepted as Agelanthus terminaliae (Engl. & Gilg) Polhill & Wiens

Tieghemia
Genus Tieghemia:
 Tieghemia bolusii (Sprague) Wiens, accepted as Oncocalyx bolusii (Sprague) Wiens & Polhill, present
 Tieghemia quinquenervius (Hochst.) Balle, accepted as Oncocalyx quinquenervius (Hochst.) Wiens & Polhill, present
 Tieghemia rogersii (Sprague ex Burtt Davy) Wiens, accepted as Oncocalyx bolusii (Sprague) Wiens & Polhill, present

Vanwykia
Genus Vanwykia:
 Vanwykia remota (Baker & Sprague) Wiens, indigenous

Olacaceae
Family: Olacaceae,

Olax
Genus Olax:
 Olax dissitiflora Oliv. indigenous

Ximenia
Genus Ximenia:
 Ximenia americana L. indigenous
 Ximenia americana L. var. microphylla Welw. ex Oliv. indigenous
 Ximenia caffra Sond. indigenous
 Ximenia caffra Sond. var. caffra, indigenous
 Ximenia caffra Sond. var. natalensis Sond. indigenous

Santalaceae
Family: Santalaceae,

Colpoon
Genus Colpoon:
 Colpoon compressum P.J.Bergius, indigenous
 Colpoon speciosum (A.W.Hill) P.A.Bean, indigenous

Lacomucinaea
Genus Lacomucinaea:
 Lacomucinaea lineata (L.f.) Nickrent & M.A.Garcia, indigenous

Osyridicarpos
Genus Osyridicarpos:
 Osyridicarpos schimperianus (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) A.DC. indigenous

Osyris
Genus Osyris:
 Osyris compressa (P.J.Bergius) A.DC. accepted as Colpoon compressum P.J.Bergius, indigenous
 Osyris lanceolata Hochst. & Steud. indigenous
 Osyris speciosa (A.W.Hill) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt, accepted as Colpoon speciosum (A.W.Hill) P.A.Bean, endemic

Rhoiacarpos
Genus Rhoiacarpos:
 Rhoiacarpos capensis (Harv.) A.DC. endemic

Thesidium
Genus Thesidium:
 Thesidium exocarpaeoides Sond. accepted as Thesium microcarpum A.DC. indigenous
 Thesidium fragile (Thunb.) Sond. accepted as Thesium confusum J.C.Manning & F.Forest, endemic
 Thesidium fruticulosum A.W.Hill, accepted as Thesium fruticulosum (A.W.Hill) J.C.Manning & F.Forest, endemic
 Thesidium globosum (A.DC.) A.DC. accepted as Thesium strigulosum A.DC. indigenous
 Thesidium hirtum Sond. accepted as Thesium strigulosum A.DC. endemic
 Thesidium leptostachyum (A.DC.) Sond. accepted as Thesium leptostachyum A.DC. endemic
 Thesidium longifolium A.W.Hill, accepted as Thesium fruticulosum (A.W.Hill) J.C.Manning & F.Forest, indigenous
 Thesidium microcarpum (A.DC.) A.DC. accepted as Thesium microcarpum A.DC. indigenous
 Thesidium minus A.W.Hill, accepted as Thesium fruticulosum (A.W.Hill) J.C.Manning & F.Forest, indigenous
 Thesidium podocarpum (A.DC.) A.DC. accepted as Thesium fragile L.f. indigenous
 Thesidium thunbergii Sond. accepted as Thesium fragile L.f. indigenous

Thesium
Genus Thesium:
 Thesium abietinum Schltr. accepted as Thesium imbricatum Thunb. present
 Thesium acuminatum A.W.Hill, endemic
 Thesium acutissimum A.DC. indigenous
 Thesium affine Schltr. accepted as Thesium quinqueflorum Sond. present
 Thesium aggregatum A.W.Hill, endemic
 Thesium alatum Hilliard & B.L.Burtt, indigenous
 Thesium albomontanum Compton, endemic
 Thesium angulosum DC. endemic
 Thesium annulatum A.W.Hill, endemic
 Thesium archeri Compton, endemic
 Thesium aristatum Schltr. accepted as Thesium spinulosum A.DC. present
 Thesium asperifolium A.W.Hill, endemic
 Thesium asterias A.W.Hill, indigenous
 Thesium bathyschistum Schltr. endemic
 Thesium boissierianum A.DC. endemic
 Thesium brachygyne Schltr. endemic
 Thesium breyeri N.E.Br. indigenous
 Thesium burchellii A.W.Hill, indigenous
 Thesium burkei A.W.Hill, accepted as Thesium resedoides A.W.Hill, indigenous
 Thesium capitatum L. endemic
 Thesium capitellatum A.DC. endemic
 Thesium capituliflorum Sond. endemic
 Thesium carinatum A.DC. indigenous
 Thesium carinatum A.DC. var. carinatum, endemic
 Thesium carinatum A.DC. var. pallidum A.W.Hill, endemic
 Thesium celatum N.E.Br. indigenous
 Thesium commutatum Sond. endemic
 Thesium confine Sond. indigenous
 Thesium confusum J.C.Manning & F.Forest, endemic
 Thesium congestum R.A.Dyer, indigenous
 Thesium conostylum Schltr. accepted as Thesium hispidulum Lam. ex Sond. var. subglabrum A.W.Hill, present
 Thesium cordatum A.W.Hill, indigenous
 Thesium coriarium A.W.Hill, indigenous
 Thesium cornigerum A.W.Hill, endemic
 Thesium corymbuligerum Sond. accepted as Thesium virgatum Lam. present
 Thesium costatum A.W.Hill, indigenous
 Thesium costatum A.W.Hill var. costatum, indigenous
 Thesium costatum A.W.Hill var. juniperinum A.W.Hill, indigenous
 Thesium costatum A.W.Hill var. paniculatum N.E.Br. indigenous
 Thesium crassifolium Sond. endemic
 Thesium cupressoides A.W.Hill, indigenous
 Thesium cymosum A.W.Hill, indigenous
 Thesium cytisoides A.W.Hill, accepted as Thesium utile A.W.Hill, present
 Thesium davidsonae Brenan, endemic
 Thesium deceptum N.E.Br. endemic
 Thesium decipiens Hilliard & B.L.Burtt, indigenous
 Thesium densiflorum A.DC. endemic
 Thesium densum N.E.Br. endemic
 Thesium disciflorum A.W.Hill, endemic
 Thesium disparile N.E.Br. endemic
 Thesium dissitiflorum Schltr. endemic
 Thesium diversifolium Sond. endemic
 Thesium dumale N.E.Br. accepted as Thesium resedoides A.W.Hill, endemic
 Thesium durum Hilliard & B.L.Burtt, indigenous
 Thesium ecklonianum Sond. endemic
 Thesium elatius Sond. endemic
 Thesium ephedroides A.W.Hill, accepted as Lacomucinaea lineata (L.f.) Nickrent & M.A.Garcia
 Thesium equisetoides Welw. ex Hiern, indigenous
 Thesium ericaefolium A.DC. endemic
 Thesium euphorbioides L. endemic
 Thesium euphrasioides A.DC. endemic
 Thesium exile N.E.Br. endemic
 Thesium fallax Schltr. endemic
 Thesium fimbriatum A.W.Hill, endemic
 Thesium flexuosum A.DC. endemic
 Thesium foliosum A.DC. endemic
 Thesium fragile L.f. endemic
 Thesium fragile Link ex A.DC. accepted as Thesium crassifolium Sond. present
 Thesium frisea L. var. frisea, endemic
 Thesium frisea L. var. thunbergii A.DC. endemic
 Thesium fructicosum A.W.Hill, endemic
 Thesium fruticulosum (A.W.Hill) J.C.Manning & F.Forest, endemic
 Thesium funale L. endemic
 Thesium galioides A.DC. endemic
 Thesium glaucescens A.W.Hill, endemic
 Thesium globosum A.DC. accepted as Thesium strigulosum A.DC. indigenous
 Thesium glomeratum A.W.Hill, endemic
 Thesium glomeruliflorum Sond. endemic
 Thesium gnidiaceum A.DC. indigenous
 Thesium gnidiaceum A.DC. var. gnidiaceum, endemic
 Thesium gnidiaceum A.DC. var. zeyheri Sond. endemic
 Thesium goetzeanum Engl. indigenous
 Thesium gracilarioides A.W.Hill, indigenous
 Thesium gracile A.W.Hill, indigenous
 Thesium gracilentum N.E.Br. indigenous
 Thesium griseum Sond. indigenous
 Thesium gypsophiloides A.W.Hill, indigenous
 Thesium helichrysoides A.W.Hill, accepted as Thesium penicillatum A.W.Hill, present
 Thesium hillianum Compton, endemic
 Thesium hirsutum A.W.Hill, endemic
 Thesium hispidulum Lam. ex Sond. indigenous
 Thesium hispidulum Lam. ex Sond. var. hispidulum, endemic
 Thesium hispidulum Lam. ex Sond. var. subglabrum A.W.Hill, endemic
 Thesium hispidum Schltr. accepted as Thesium hispidulum Lam. ex Sond. var. hispidulum, present
 Thesium hollandii Compton, endemic
 Thesium horridum Pilg. endemic
 Thesium hystricoides A.W.Hill, indigenous
 Thesium hystrix A.W.Hill, indigenous
 Thesium imbricatum Thunb. indigenous
 Thesium impeditum A.W.Hill, indigenous
 Thesium inversum N.E.Br. endemic
 Thesium jeanae Brenan, indigenous
 Thesium junceum Bernh. indigenous
 Thesium junceum Bernh. var. junceum, endemic
 Thesium junceum Bernh. var. mammosum A.W.Hill, endemic
 Thesium junceum Bernh. var. plantagineum A.W.Hill, endemic
 Thesium juncifolium DC. endemic
 Thesium junodii A.W.Hill, endemic
 Thesium karooicum Compton, endemic
 Thesium lacinulatum A.W.Hill, indigenous
 Thesium leptocaule Sond. endemic
 Thesium leptostachyum A.DC. endemic
 Thesium lesliei N.E.Br. indigenous
 Thesium lineatum L.f. accepted as Lacomucinaea lineata (L.f.) Nickrent & M.A.Garcia, indigenous
 Thesium lisae-mariae Stauffer, endemic
 Thesium litoreum Brenan, endemic
 Thesium lobelioides A.DC. indigenous
 Thesium macrogyne A.W.Hill, indigenous
 Thesium macrostachyum A.DC. endemic
 Thesium magalismontanum Sond. indigenous
 Thesium marlothii Schltr. endemic
 Thesium maximiliani Schltr. accepted as Thesium rariflorum Sond. present
 Thesium megalocarpum A.W.Hill, indigenous
 Thesium microcarpum A.DC. endemic
 Thesium microcephalum A.W.Hill, endemic
 Thesium micromeria A.DC. endemic
 Thesium micropogon A.DC. endemic
 Thesium minus (A.W.Hill) J.C.Manning & F.Forest, endemic
 Thesium mossii N.E.Br. endemic
 Thesium multiramulosum Pilg. indigenous
 Thesium namaquense Schltr. endemic
 Thesium natalense Sond. indigenous
 Thesium nationae A.W.Hill, endemic
 Thesium nigromontanum Sond. endemic
 Thesium nigrum A.W.Hill, indigenous
 Thesium nudicaule A.W.Hill, endemic
 Thesium occidentale A.W.Hill, endemic
 Thesium oresigenum Compton, endemic
 Thesium orientale A.W.Hill, endemic
 Thesium pallidum A.DC. indigenous
 Thesium paniculatum L. endemic
 Thesium paronychioides Sond. endemic
 Thesium patersoniae A.W.Hill, endemic
 Thesium patulum A.W.Hill, endemic
 Thesium penicillatum A.W.Hill, endemic
 Thesium phyllostachyum Sond. endemic
 Thesium pinifolium A.DC. endemic
 Thesium pleuroloma A.W.Hill, endemic
 Thesium podocarpum A.DC. accepted as Thesium fragile L.f. indigenous
 Thesium polycephalum Schltr. endemic
 Thesium polygaloides A.W.Hill, endemic
 Thesium pottiae N.E.Br. indigenous
 Thesium procerum N.E.Br. indigenous
 Thesium prostratum A.W.Hill, endemic
 Thesium pseudovirgatum Levyns, endemic
 Thesium pubescens A.DC. endemic
 Thesium pungens A.W.Hill, endemic
 Thesium pycnanthum Schltr. endemic
 Thesium quinqueflorum Sond. endemic
 Thesium racemosum Bernh. indigenous
 Thesium rariflorum Sond. endemic
 Thesium rasum (A.W.Hill) N.E.Br. indigenous
 Thesium repandum A.W.Hill, endemic
 Thesium resedoides A.W.Hill, indigenous
 Thesium resinifolium N.E.Br. endemic
 Thesium rigidum Sond. indigenous
 Thesium rogersii A.W.Hill, accepted as Thesium goetzeanum Engl. indigenous
 Thesium rufescens A.W.Hill, endemic
 Thesium scabrum L. endemic
 Thesium scandens E.Mey. ex Sond. endemic
 Thesium schumannianum Schltr. endemic
 Thesium scirpioides A.W.Hill, indigenous
 Thesium sedifolium A.DC. ex Levyns, accepted as Thesium crassifolium Sond. present
 Thesium selagineum A.DC. endemic
 Thesium semotum N.E.Br. endemic
 Thesium sertulariastrum A.W.Hill, endemic
 Thesium sonderianum Schltr. endemic
 Thesium spartioides A.W.Hill, indigenous
 Thesium spicatum L. endemic
 Thesium spinosum L.f. endemic
 Thesium spinulosum A.DC. endemic
 Thesium squarrosum L.f. indigenous
 Thesium strictum P.J.Bergius, endemic
 Thesium strigulosum A.DC. endemic
 Thesium subnudum Sond. indigenous
 Thesium subnudum Sond. var. foliosum A.W.Hill, endemic
 Thesium subnudum Sond. var. subnudum, endemic
 Thesium subsimile N.E.Br. endemic
 Thesium susannae A.W.Hill, endemic
 Thesium thunbergianum A.DC. accepted as Thesium selagineum A.DC. present
 Thesium translucens A.W.Hill, endemic
 Thesium transvaalense Schltr. endemic
 Thesium triflorum Thunb. ex L.f. indigenous
 Thesium umbelliferum A.W.Hill, endemic
 Thesium urceolatum A.W.Hill, endemic
 Thesium utile A.W.Hill, indigenous
 Thesium vahrmeijeri Brenan, endemic
 Thesium virens E.Mey. ex A.DC. endemic
 Thesium virgatum Lam. endemic
 Thesium viridifolium Levyns, endemic
 Thesium viscibaccatum Dinter, accepted as Lacomucinaea lineata (L.f.) Nickrent & M.A.Garcia
 Thesium whitehillensis Compton, endemic
 Thesium zeyheri A.DC. indigenous

Viscum
Genus Viscum:
 Viscum anceps E.Mey. ex Sprague, endemic
 Viscum capense L.f. indigenous
 Viscum capense L.f. subsp. hoolei Wiens, accepted as Viscum hoolei Wiens, present
 Viscum combreticola Engl. indigenous
 Viscum continuum E.Mey. ex Sprague, endemic
 Viscum crassulae Eckl. & Zeyh. endemic
 Viscum dielsianum Dinter ex Neusser, indigenous
 Viscum hoolei Wiens, indigenous
 Viscum menyharthii Engl. & Schinz, indigenous
 Viscum minimum Harv. endemic
 Viscum nervosum Hochst. ex A.Rich. accepted as Viscum triflorum DC.
 Viscum obovatum Harv. indigenous
 Viscum obscurum Thunb. indigenous
 Viscum oreophilum Wiens, indigenous
 Viscum pauciflorum L.f. endemic
 Viscum rotundifolium L.f. indigenous
 Viscum schaeferi Engl. & K.Krause, indigenous
 Viscum spragueanum Burtt Davy, accepted as Viscum tuberculatum A.Rich. present
 Viscum subserratum Schltr. indigenous
 Viscum triflorum DC. indigenous
 Viscum triflorum DC. subsp. nervosum (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) M.G.Gilbert, accepted as Viscum triflorum DC. present
 Viscum tuberculatum A.Rich. indigenous
 Viscum verrucosum Harv. indigenous

References

South African plant biodiversity lists
Santalales