text:
A.i.A. Guide
Art Dealer Pardoned by President Trump, Fire Closes Brussels Museum, and More: Morning Links from January 20, 2021
Tosh Berman's Memoir Captures the Dark Side of a Bohemian Childhood
By Robert Atkins
More Stories by Robert Atkins
Everybody's Art
Art & Politics: Going Home
November 5, 2019 2:06am
View Gallery 4 Images
Is there a more expansive literary form than the memoir? Once regarded simply as a first-person account of one's experiences, the practice has over the past century—since Gertrude Stein's Autobiography of Alice B. Toklas (1933), at least—morphed into an emblem of subjectivity and a vehicle for formal experimentation. With Tosh: Growing Up in Wallace Berman's World, the author, the son of the mid-century, Los Angeles artist Wallace Berman, adds a curious dual memoir to the genre's history. While the book testifies to the flexibility of the form, its twin subjects, flickering focus, and lack of attention to the psychological motivations that usually animate such accounts make it as unorthodox as Tosh's bohemian upbringing and his father's compelling art. Although its fifty bite-size sections add vivid detail to our picture of the postwar art scene in Los Angeles, they provide little insight or even information about Wallace's art.
Born in 1926, Wallace was a virtuoso of assemblage and collage art alongside such aesthetic fellow travelers as Bruce Conner, George Herms, and Jess. During the decade before his death in 1976, he went on to pursue more conceptualist genres, including experimental film and multiples (mail art, photocopies, and artist's books). He is invariably (and aptly) linked with the Beat poets. Their shared anti-elitism expressed itself in the use of vernacular modes and idioms, and an embrace of anarchist politics, both joyful and paranoid, that presaged the counterculture of the 1960s.
Wallace's distrust of officialdom was reinforced early on. His first solo commercial exhibition, at the avant-garde Ferus Gallery in Los Angeles in 1957, was shuttered by the LAPD. Berman was convicted of obscenity, based solely on a small image of genitalia by the occult artist Marjorie Cameron that he had collaged within one of his works. Tosh suspects that a Ferus Gallery co-owner, artist Ed Kienholz, alerted the police to garner publicity for the gallery, although he believes that Kienholz failed to foresee Wallace's humiliating incarceration. (This is, of course, supremely ironic in light of the near-closure of the Los Angeles County Museum of Art for its exhibition, a decade later, of Kienholz's "obscene" figurative installation Back Seat Dodge '38.) The Ferus incident's repercussions were far-reaching: they prompted Wallace to withhold his work from formal gallery exhibitions for the rest of his life and to move the family to San Francisco and later Larkspur in Marin Country, locations seemingly more congenial to free expression. This sojourn lasted just a few years, bridging the end of the 1950s and beginning of the 1960s, but it was highly consequential. It provided Tosh (b. 1954) with his first real exposure to literature, experienced in lengthy visits to San Francisco's City Lights Bookstore, owned by Beat poet Lawrence Ferlinghetti. The tidal wave of commercialized attention the Beats had begun to receive had a less salutary effect on Wallace, however, inspiring his decision to move the Bermans back to Los Angeles.
Wallace's rigidity apparently remained out of view in favor of the expression of its precise opposite: a remarkable talent for friendships with the talented. Dating back at least as far as his high-school relationship with Sammy Davis Jr., he went on to connect with numerous musicians, spanning the spectrum from jazz to punk. Ditto for actors: Dennis Hopper and Dean Stockwell were among those he chummed with and encouraged in their art-making. (Stockwell demonstrated his gratitude with the gift of the Topanga Canyon house where Tosh spent his adolescence.) The warm and approachable Wallace seems always to have been in the right place at the right time. He appeared in unsolicited roles in such films as Andy Warhol's Tarzan and Jane Regained . . . Sort Of (1964) and (as an extra) Hopper's Easy Rider (1969). His face was one of those on the iconic cover photo of the Beatles' Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band album (1967).
Shirley Berman—Wallace's wife and Tosh's mother—was also an artist and performer, a legendary beauty whose dance studies were cut short by an ankle injury. Wallace was an early stay-at-home dad, while Shirley, as family breadwinner, appeared in ads for the Bullock's Wilshire department store. Like many parents of only children, Wallace and Shirley treated Tosh as a quasi-adult, schlepping him nearly everywhere they went. Tosh's evenings encompassed a glamorous-seeming whirl of people, parties, and events. As a boy and as a teen, he saw adult films ranging from John Waters's Pink Flamingos to the latest James Bond thriller. He heard local bands in Topanga Canyon bars, and superstars like Roxy Music and the Rolling Stones at major venues. The Bermans attended A-list parties at the home of Elyse and Stanley Grinstein—the patrons and co-founders of the innovative printmaking studio Gemini G.E.L. Despite his tender age, Tosh vividly recalls the historic opening of the first Marcel Duchamp retrospective, at the Pasadena Art Museum in 1963, at which the nine-year-old shared a conversational moment with the avuncular artist and professes to have acquired an intuitive sense of the nature of fame.
But at the heart of the book is a disconnect between life among people with boldface names and Tosh's often unhappy times at home and school, due largely to Wallace's mania for control. His personality and preferences—expressed without hesitation—shaped Shirley's and Tosh's lives, in the process stunting the boy's confidence and potential for growth. Father and son "never really talked," and Tosh seems to have considered himself a loser. Their relationship was expressed mainly through shared musical interests. Were Tosh's story adapted for the stage, the ideal dramatist for the job would be the late Sam Shepard, the bard of late twentieth-century family dysfunction.
The book reveals a shockingly large number of missed opportunities for communication within the family. Wallace's behavior was often inexplicable—or at least unexplained. He brazenly shoplifted in front of Tosh. At a party, when a family friend injected heroin in front of the Bermans, the act elicited no comment either at the moment or later at home. Early in their marriage, Wallace forced Shirley to give up her long-established practice of keeping a journal. He did not allow her to drive, instead acting as chauffeur and, presumably, monitoring the family's comings and goings. Rather than attend Tosh's high school graduation, he waited for Tosh, Shirley, and her mother in the car, reading the newspaper.
This unorthodox homelife took its toll on Tosh's mental health. He flunked kindergarten and was forced to confront the indignity of special education classes. He was literally crippled by phobias that made climbing stairs—even to second-floor classrooms—agonizing. When Tosh's childhood phobias returned in adolescence, Wallace—with tears streaming down his face—spanked him. This scene provides the book's most affecting, and saddening, moment.
The final years chronicled in the book are a prelude to Wallace's untimely death. When Tosh finished high school in 1972, he was "mentally still 15." As 1976 dawned, he was living with his parents, occupying an apartment Wallace had created in the garage for him. Wallace had also recently purchased a white Datsun for Tosh and the family, and it was in this car that he met his death when hit by an intoxicated drug dealer. He died on February 18, 1976, his fiftieth birthday.
The book ends on this day, although in an epilogue Tosh identifies February 19 as the start of his adulthood both "mentally and emotionally." He went on to become a novelist and poet, the director of the Beyond Baroque Literary Arts Center in Venice, California, and, in his mid-thirties, the husband of Japanese artist Lun*na Menoh. He observes that it took him nine years to write this book, years no doubt spent navigating between the uncritical celebration of a much-loved parent and the emotional disconnect required to survive his unexpected loss. Wallace's death is announced long before the end of the book, yet when it comes, it feels as abrupt and unprepared for as it must have felt on that day in 1976. That the passage of time has granted the author so little resolution surely—and poignantly—testifies to the lasting power of the father who shaped him.
This article appears under the title "A Youth in Wonderland" in the November 2019 issue, pp. 40–42.
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SEOUL, May 10 (Korea Bizwire) — New legislation that would result in prison terms of up to five years for convicted stalkers is in the works.
Under current law, stalking is usually categorized as a misdemeanor and typically results in a fine of 100,000 won.
The Ministry of Justice announced today a new legislative bill that would revise current laws governing stalking in an attempt to impose harsher punishment on stalkers while better protecting victims.
Acts of stalking involve approaching, following, or blocking one's way; observing one's home, workplace or school, or the vicinity; and sending texts, photos, sound effects, videos or objects via post, phone, fax, and computer communication devices.
Stalkers will be subject to a maximum of three years in prison or be imposed a fine up to 30 million won.
Offenders that are in possession of dangerous items or weapons may be imprisoned for up to five years and imposed a fine of as much as 50 million won.
The court may also order 200 hours of treatment or preventative programs when a culprit is handed down a guilty verdict, and temporary orders may be issued before the verdict itself is issued to protect victims and ensure that the investigation goes smoothly.
The revised bill proposes that law enforcement officers investigate the scene immediately after a stalking complaint is filed. Investigators must also lead victims to a protection facility or a consultation center if desired.
Each police station will also employ an officer specialized in stalking who would be in charge of questioning the victims. The Ministry will be taking legislative steps after collecting relevant opinions on the topic until June 19.


KARACHI: The rupee remained stable against the dollar at Rs121.4/121.6 in the inter-bank market on Tuesday compared with Monday's close of Rs121.4/121.6. Contrary to the impression created after the previous round of devaluation, the Pakistani currency weakened further by 3.65% in its third round last month. Since December, the rupee has cumulatively shed close to 13% of its value after the central bank reportedly abstained from intervening in response to the pressure due to a widening current account deficit. The State Bank of Pakistan has maintained that the slide in the rupee's value is due to supply and demand dynamics of foreign exchange in the inter-bank market.


Meet Dr. John Gumbs, an orthopedic surgeon who travels to DeWitt Veterinary Hospital by appointment for various orthopedic procedures and assessments. In the past, most of our orthopedic surgical cases had to be referred to other facilities. Now with Dr. Gumbs, we are able to do most procedures in the comfort of your pet's regular veterinary hospital in familiar surroundings.
Animal Resource Network Incorporated Inc. (ARNI) is a 501c(3) non-profit, non-shelter, animal welfare organization. Most of the pets placed by ARNI are released by private owners or shelters/animal control facilities that do not want a pet to be euthanized. ARNI was incorporated in 1997 and has placed more than 1,200 pets The pets ARNI accepts for placement are housed and cared for in foster homes until a new permanent home is found for the animal.
If you or someone you know is looking for a pet, please take a look through their "petfinder" website first!
We often get questions regarding obedience training and/or puppy classes. We are big fans of Hector Hernandez and the work he does. We urge you to check out his website to see if he meets your needs. In addition to the basics, he also specializes in dealing with difficult cases involving aggression and similar challenges.


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Shadow of the Tomb Raider is about six weeks from releasing, so a new short trailer has been issued to remind everyone how stunning the game will look on the Xbox One, PS4, and PC. The new trailer is all about providing fans with a look at the game's brilliantly crafted visuals that bring its world and characters to life.
It truly does look like an amazing video game, and there's no doubt that the improvements in developing for the current-gen consoles will result in Shadow being the best looking Tomb Raider game to-date. Although, visuals aren't everything, so hopefully Lara's latest adventure is also packed with plenty of mystery and intrigue, because for this franchise the narrative is more important than anything else.
If you want to get your hands on Shadow of the Tomb Raider earlier than September 14, you can preorder the Digital Deluxe, Digital Croft or Croft Edition now at TombRaider.com.


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Pattern: Missing resource label for GKE cluster

Issue: -

## Description

Labels make it easier to manage assets and differentiate between clusters and environments, allowing the mapping of computational resources to the wider organizational structure.

**Resolution**: Set cluster resource labels.

## Examples

Example of **incorrect** code:

```terraform
resource "google_service_account" "default" {
  account_id   = "service-account-id"
  display_name = "Service Account"
}

resource "google_container_cluster" "bad_example" {
  name     = "my-gke-cluster"
  location = "us-central1"

  # We can't create a cluster with no node pool defined, but we want to only use
  # separately managed node pools. So we create the smallest possible default
  # node pool and immediately delete it.
  remove_default_node_pool = true
  initial_node_count       = 1
}

resource "google_container_node_pool" "primary_preemptible_nodes" {
  name       = "my-node-pool"
  location   = "us-central1"
  cluster    = google_container_cluster.primary.name
  node_count = 1

  node_config {
    preemptible  = true
    machine_type = "e2-medium"

    # Google recommends custom service accounts that have cloud-platform scope and permissions granted via IAM Roles.
    service_account = google_service_account.default.email
    oauth_scopes    = [
      "https://www.googleapis.com/auth/cloud-platform"
    ]
  }
}
```

Example of **correct** code:

```terraform
resource "google_service_account" "default" {
  account_id   = "service-account-id"
  display_name = "Service Account"
}

resource "google_container_cluster" "good_example" {
  name     = "my-gke-cluster"
  location = "us-central1"

  # We can't create a cluster with no node pool defined, but we want to only use
  # separately managed node pools. So we create the smallest possible default
  # node pool and immediately delete it.
  remove_default_node_pool = true
  initial_node_count       = 1
  resource_labels = {
    "env" = "staging"
  }
}

resource "google_container_node_pool" "primary_preemptible_nodes" {
  name       = "my-node-pool"
  location   = "us-central1"
  cluster    = google_container_cluster.primary.name
  node_count = 1

  node_config {
    preemptible  = true
    machine_type = "e2-medium"

    # Google recommends custom service accounts that have cloud-platform scope and permissions granted via IAM Roles.
    service_account = google_service_account.default.email
    oauth_scopes    = [
      "https://www.googleapis.com/auth/cloud-platform"
    ]
  }
}
```

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Pacific announces 2018 field hockey schedule.
Shelby Lackey earned the Rawlings WCC Pitcher of the Week honor.
The Tigers host the Spartans to start the final four-game home stand of the season.
Pacific looks for series sweep on Sunday.
Naomi Nunis breaks school record in 100 and 200.
Tigers return home for final home stand of season.


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Home / Australia Company Profiles / Return To Work Corporation of South Australia
Return To Work Corporation of South Australia - Australian Company Profile
What does Return To Work Corporation of South Australia do?
Return To Work Corporation of South Australia is an employer-funded statutory authority that provides protection to South Australian workers and employers in the event of workplace injury. The authority is constituted under the Return to Work Act 2014 with a board appointed by the Governor of South Australia on the recommendation of the responsible minister. WorkCover SA employs 265 people and is administered from its head office in Adelaide, South Australia.
Return To Work Corporation of South Australia - Products & Brands
Return To Work Corporation of South Australia's aim is to rehabilitate and compensate injured workers due to workplace injury, and return them into a safer workplace and community. Return To Work SA regulates the South Australian Return to Work scheme that provides protection to workers and employers in the event of workplace injury.
Depending on the severity of the injury, a worker can be entitled to:
Weekly payments of income maintenance
Medical and associated costs related to the injury or illness
Lump sum compensation for non-economic loss (permanent impairment)
Return To Work Corporation of South Australia - Financial Statements
pie_chart Return To Work Corporation of South Australia Financial Profit & Loss Account
lock To view Return To Work Corporation of South Australia's full competitive environment, see report purchase options.
Return To Work Corporation of South Australia - Financial Ratios
pie_chart Return To Work Corporation of South Australia Financial Growth
10.56 0.23 14.40 -28.51 -6.32
pie_chart Return To Work Corporation of South Australia Financial Ratios
-18.6 2.4 23.0 -6.3 165.1
Return To Work Corporation of South Australia's Competitive Environment
Return To Work Corporation of South Australia operates in the following industries:
K6322 - General Insurance in Australia
Return To Work Corporation of South Australia's main competitors:
AMP Limited
A high-level overview of Return To Work Corporation of South Australia's registered business details, a company synopsis, history and background, as well as Return To Work Corporation of South Australia's main brands and products.
We outline the Return To Work Corporation of South Australia's key personnel by position type and title.
Get a full view of Return To Work Corporation of South Australia's financials, including Profit and Loss Account (Revenue, Interest, Profit and Loss, and Audit Fees) and Balance Sheet (Current Assets, Non-Current Assets, Current Liabilities, Non-Current Liabilities, Shareholders' Equity), as well as Number of Employees, Number of Share on Issue, Market Capitalisation and Earnings per Share where available. Note: we do not provide a full financial details for all company profiles.
Understand the main operating divisions of Return To Work Corporation of South Australia, including Revenue and Assets under each Segment, Industries and Geographic Locations Return To Work Corporation of South Australia operates in.
Understand the competitive threats and opportunities within the industries Return To Work Corporation of South Australia operates in. Gain insight into the industry trends and competitive forces that Return To Work Corporation of South Australia is exposed to.
We outline Return To Work Corporation of South Australia's ultimate parent and largest shareholders.
A list of Return To Work Corporation of South Australia's associated companies, holding company and trusts.
Where available, we provide details of Return To Work Corporation of South Australia's banker, external auditor, insurance broker, internal auditor, solicitor and telecommunication provider.
Why buy this company profile on Return To Work Corporation of South Australia?
The profile on Return To Work Corporation of South Australia includes:


Total number of of employees who were relevant union officials during the above period of time.
The number of employees who were relevant union officials employed during the above period spent a) 0%, b)1%-50%, c)51%-99% or d)100% of their working hours on facility time?
The figures requested in the first column of hte table below determine the percentage of your total pay bill spent on paying employees who were relevant union officials for facility time during the above period of time.
The percentage of total paid facility time hours, how many hours were spent by employees who were relevant union officials during the relevant period of paid union activities?


text:
'Still room for improvement' says John Askey after York City's win over Alfreton Town
By Joe Richardson @joerichpress Sports reporter
Jack McKay lines up a cross during York's 1-0 win over Alfreton. Picture: Adam Davy
"THERE is still room for improvement," believes York City boss John Askey after he watched his side earn a convincing 1-0 win over Alfreton Town.
Paddy McLaughlin scored the only goal of a game which York were in near total control of, particularly in the first half, when the visitors barely had a look-in.
Moreover, the football on display was a marked improvement on a good portion of the season. City were bright on and off the ball, confident in quick passing play and they won plenty of second balls.
What York lacked were efforts on goal, Remy Longdon's long-range effort the only City shot on target in the first half.
"I was pleased with how we played, especially first half, because that's what we've got to do," Askey commented.
"I thought the final ball let us down at times but that's the one thing that was missing.
"I think, eventually, if we keep playing that way, we will score more goals.
"But I think we looked organised and knew what we were doing. It's just a shame we didn't score more goals.
"It was such a good goal," he continued of the flowing move that led to Mitch Hancox's cut-back to Paddy McLaughlin, who swept it into the bottom far corner.
"It's stuff we've worked on and it was a good finish by Paddy.
"I was pleased with how we played and pleased with the goal.
"But again, there's still room for improvement.
"The wind was strong and that's why we were dominant in the first half. Second half, we were playing against it."
Askey credits the improvement in play, in part, to the acquisition of Remy Longdon and Jack McKay, who both made a good impression against Alfreton.
They were replaced in the second half by Kurt Willoughby and Clayton Donaldson, with Longdon taking a knock and McKay having a touch of fatigue.
"We've got the two natural wingers now, which helps," Askey said. "They understand the position.
"Clayton and Kurt are willing runners but their natural positions are down the middle.
"Having two wide men, it helps."
Sam Fielding missed out due to Covid.


We are so proud to annouce that our CCRPI score has increase over 10%. We would like to give a big shout out to all students, teachers and parents. We will continue to put our focus on Reading and we ask that you do the same. Reading for 10 minutes with your child each day will help us to keep making great gains. WE NEED YOUR HELP!


Steve Rogers is a hero in every sense of the word. He fights for the little guys, because he was the little guy. Steve Rogers grew up with an inherent sense of justice and bravery. He is as noble as he is strong. Regardless of being bombarded with vita rays enhancing him with strength and speed, he will never stop defending the values he holds so dear. He is truly the Sentinel of Liberty.
This is not a movie about Steve Rogers. The man at the center of this movie may hold the title of Captain America, but little else.
If you've seen the 1979 TV movie Captain America, or its follow-up Captain America II: Death Too Soon, please email us and let us know what you thought. We'd love to share your opinions on an upcoming episode.
Reel Comic Heroes will return with Ridley Scott's Alien.


text:
Home » Proposed West of Scotland MPA will be Europe's largest
Proposed West of Scotland MPA will be Europe's largest
Gulper sharks are among the proposed protected features of the West of Scotland MPA.
Europe's largest marine protected area (MPA), the West of Scotland MPA, has been proposed for an area of deep sea off the Western Isles.
The Scottish government has started a public consultation on the plan, which involves an area of 41,611 sq miles (107,773 sq km).
Cold water coral reefs and deep sea sharks are among the wildlife found at depths of 2,400m (7,874ft).
The proposed West of Scotland MPA would also offer protection to habitats on seamounts, which are extinct volcanoes.
The Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC), whose scientists have been among those to survey the habitats, said it would be Europe's largest MPA. The designation would aim to protect the habitats involved from marine industry projects and some types of fishing.
Three telecommunications cables cross the site and under MPA rules, the operators would be asked to take measures to minimise potential harm caused by maintenance work on the cables.
Oil and gas exploration has taken place in the area west of the Western Isles, and further activity may require "additional mitigation measures on a case-by-case basis to achieve conservation objectives".
Fishing activity already has a range of measures in place, according to the public consultation document, however, the JNCC has advised extending restrictions across the whole site on deep sea trawling.
This article was originally published as Europe's largest marine protected area proposed at BBC on 27/09/2019.
Tags: Deep Sea, MPA, Scotland, Sharks


As the name makes it crystal clear, technologies which are the current focus or about to become one, are tagged as Trending Technology. It consists of technologies like Smart Watch App Development, Internet of Things and Cloud Data Service providers.
Sigmate Informatics helps start-ups as well as big enterprises to leap into this big new connected world. Businesses can count on our Trending Technology services to improve operational efficiencies and user experience to create their own space in this competitive digital world.


Lying with my foot up is driving me crazy. And killing my back. DVDs only distract me for so long, so I've been working on cleaning up & uploading more pictures to Flickr.
Westwater Canyon, in Moab, Utah, where we went white-water rafting a few years ago was put up on the 17th.
Today, I'm been putting up a mix of pictures from Yosemite, BF's first major 4wheeling trip, us backpacking at Deadfall Lakes (and looking so young and vibrant!), and the ubiquitous picture of McWay Falls. Except this is a good picture of McWay Falls, of course.
As usual, pictures of BF & myself are locked to Flickr friends. All other pictures are open.


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go to site Welcome to Maisie Williams Online. Your online source for everything Maisie Williams! Maisie is best known for her role in Game Of Thrones as Arya Stark. You'll find the latest news, high quality photos and media on Maisie. Check out the site and please come back soon.
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New Year's resolutions don't have to be overwhelming, arduous promises we make to ourselves but ultimately break. Sometimes, small tweaks can make a world of difference in your daily life and overall happiness. Take your beauty routine, for example. Even a few simple changes can mean better skin and time saved getting ready. Here are a few changes that you won't abandon before Groundhog Day.
Take a good, hard look at your makeup brushes. Ask yourself when you last cleaned them. If you can't remember, it's time to give them a good wash. All you need is a small amount of dish soap and warm water. Wash them by hand and make sure to squeeze the makeup out as you rinse. It's shocking how much powder can build up over time. Even worse, bacteria can build up in the brushes and irritate skin. Wash your brushes monthly to avoid unnecessary blemishes.
Thoroughly washing skin doesn't mean spending more time at the sink lathering your face into oblivion. Try doubling up during your nightly face wash and dab a cotton ball with micellar water on your face before you wash. It contains oil molecules that lift dirt, oil and makeup while purifying skin. After you have applied your go-to cleanser, your skin will look refreshed and rejuvenated.
Korean sheet masks have taken over my Instagram stories. It seems as if everyone is getting into this nightly ritual. Whether you opt for a playful cartoon animal-inspired design or go for something a little more grown-up, sheet masks are a great way to add extra hydration to your skin during the cold-weather months without interrupting your overall beauty routine.
This might seem like a no-brainer, but checking the dates of everything in your beauty and medicine cabinets is important. I can't tell you how many barely used products I've thrown away over the years because I forgot I owned them and their expiration dates passed. Not only will it help de-clutter your space, but cleaning up also can keep questionable chemicals off your face and body.


This is a cute little meme hosted by The Story Siren and I just love it!
I got tons of books this week. Tons..Running out of room on my shelf for all of these. As a book lover of course I am thrilled with all of these. Any that you loved or didn't like? Let me know. Until next week..
It looks really good.. I can't wait to read it either.
Wow - Santa came early to your house! I really want the Syrie James book! Enjoy!
I know right. Thanks for stopping by, and come back and look for my review.
WOW! So many great books! I really want to read 'The Forbidden Queen'. It looks so good.
I have read Child 44 and The Thirteenth Tale and both were excellent. Happy Reading!
Glad to see you enjoyed those books Child 44 is driving me to distraction just sitting there on my shelf. I cannot wait to read it.
I've tried looking for Forbidden Queen on Amazon, and it's not even listed yet? When is it being published? I'll be curious to see what you think of it. I'm almost positive I read The King's Concubine and liked it, but I did not put it on my list, I know I read one about Alice Perrers, just don't know if it was by Anne! If it was by Anne O'Brien, it was good, from what I remember.
LOVED Becoming Marie Antoinette!! Loved the 2nd book in the series, Days of Splendor, Days of Sorrow, and can't wait until the third one is published.
I am not sure when it is being released. According to Netgalley it says it has already been released as of December 6, 2012. So I am not exactly sure. I will have to look into it though.
Sigh, I just saw someone else reviewed The Forbidden Queen. I know now what it is about, Katherine of Valois, a subject that has always fascinated me and I always try to read whatever I can get my hands on about her (which isn't much). I did see that the only publication date as of now is March, 2013, in the UK!!!
I'll look into it for you. I will be reading this one next so I will get the details before I post and see what is going on. If needs be, I can always email the publisher and see if they can give me the information directly.
Great books! I enjoyed Becoming Marie Antoinette. I'd really like to read The Midwife's Tale.
I dont think you will have long to wait for 'The Midwife's Tale' because I think it is going to be released January 8, 2013. I hope I enjoy reading 'Becoming Marie Antoinette' because it has been on my tbr list for years.


Today we're talking about trademarks – what they are and why they're important. We start with a general discussion of what trademarks are and how to get them, as well as a discussion of the differences between common law trademarks and registered trademarks. Then Charles shares his recent experience with a trademark dispute, and the effect that it had on the way he views trademarks. Next we consider the need to defend a trademark and the risk of a trademark becoming genericized. Finally, we take a look at the process of registering for a trademark in the U.S. and some of the things that should be kept in mind when registering.
This entry was posted in Release Notes on January 27, 2014 by admin.


In human and non-human primates, filoviruses (Ebola and Marburg viruses) cause severe hemorrhagic fever. Recently, other animals such as pigs and some species of fruit bats have also been shown to be susceptible to these viruses. While having a preference for some cell types such as hepatocytes, endothelial cells, dendritic cells, monocytes, and macrophages, filoviruses are known to be pantropic in infection of primates. The envelope glycoprotein (GP) is responsible for both receptor binding and fusion of the virus envelope with the host cell membrane. It has been demonstrated that filovirus GP interacts with multiple molecules for entry into host cells, whereas none of the cellular molecules so far identified as a receptor/co-receptor fully explains filovirus tissue tropism and host range. Available data suggest that the mucin-like region (MLR) on GP plays an important role in attachment to the preferred target cells, whose infection is likely involved in filovirus pathogenesis, whereas the MLR is not essential for the fundamental function of the GP in viral entry into cells in vitro. Further studies elucidating the mechanisms of cellular entry of filoviruses may shed light on the development of strategies for prophylaxis and treatment of Ebola and Marburg hemorrhagic fevers.
Ebola virus (EBOV) and Marburg virus (MARV), classified as biosafety level 4 agents, belong to the Family Filoviridae. Whereas MARV consists of a single species, Lake Victoria Marburgvirus, there are four distinct EBOV species, including Zaire ebolavirus (ZEBOV), Sudan ebolavirus (SEBOV), Côte d'Ivoire ebolavirus (CIEBOV), Reston ebolavirus (REBOV), and the proposed new species Bundibugyo ebolavirus (BEBOV) (Sanchez et al., 2007; Towner et al., 2008) (Figure 1 left). Among these, ZEBOV, first identified in 1976, seems to be the most virulent, killing approximately up to 90% of infected individuals, whereas REBOV, which was initially isolated from cynomolgus monkeys imported from the Philippines into the USA in 1989, is less pathogenic in experimentally infected non-human primates (Fisher-Hoch and McCormick, 1999) and has never caused lethal infection in humans (Sanchez et al., 2007).
Figure 1. Phylogenetic analysis of filovirus GP amino acid sequences. The phylogenetic tree was constructed using the neighbor-joining method. For construction of this tree, ten complete GP amino acid sequences were used. Infectious viruses were isolated or viral genome and/or specific antibodies were detected (in parentheses) from the animals shown on the right.
Ebola virus and Marburg virus are filamentous, enveloped, non-segmented, single-stranded, negative-sense RNA viruses (Figure 2). The viral genome encodes seven structural proteins, nucleoprotein (NP), polymerase cofactor (VP35), matrix protein (VP40), glycoprotein (GP), replication-transcription protein (VP30), minor matrix protein (VP24), and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (L). EBOV also expresses at least one secreted non-structural glycoprotein (sGP). Figure 3 summarizes filovirus replication in cells. At the first step of replication, viral attachment through interaction between GP and some cellular molecules is followed by endocytosis, including macropinocytosis (Nanbo et al., 2010; Saeed et al., 2010). Subsequent fusion of the viral envelope with the host cell endosomal membrane releases the viral proteins (i.e., NP, VP35, VP30, and L) and RNA genome into the cytoplasm, the site of replication. Transcription of the negative-sense viral RNA by the viral polymerase complex (VP35 and L) yields mRNAs that are translated at cellular ribosomes. During replication, full-length positive-sense copies of the viral genome are synthesized. They subsequently serve as templates for replication of negative-sense viral RNA synthesis. At the plasma membrane, NP-encapsidated full-length viral RNAs and the other viral structural proteins are assembled with VP40 and GP and incorporated into enveloped virus particles that bud from the cell-surface (Noda et al., 2006; Bharat et al., 2011). Though filoviruses show broad tissue tropism, hepatocytes, endothelial cells, dendritic cells, monocytes, and macrophages are thought to be their preferred target cells, and infection of these cells is important for hemorrhagic manifestation and immune disorders (Geisbert and Hensley, 2004).
Figure 2. Structure of Ebola virus particle and genome organization. Electron micrograph of Ebola virus particle (A), its diagram (B), and negative-sense genome organization (C) are shown. Viral protein names and functions are described in the text. Transcribing the glycoprotein (GP) gene produces a soluble GP (sGP). Transcriptional editing accompanied by frame shifting is required to produce full-length, membrane-anchored GP, which shares its first 295 amino acid residues with sGP.
Figure 3. Filovirus replication in a cell. Viral proteins involved in each step are described in the text.
Filoviruses are known to cause severe hemorrhagic fever in human and non-human primates, but recent studies suggest that quadrupeds are also naturally susceptible to EBOV infection (Figure 1, right). In 2008–2009, REBOV infection was confirmed for the first time in pigs in the Philippines (Barrette et al., 2009). REBOV was occasionally isolated from the samples subjected to the diagnostic investigation of multiple outbreaks of a respiratory and abortion disease syndrome in swine, which were caused by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, common in pigs in Asia. It is speculated that REBOV became detectable, most likely due to the coinfection with this porcine virus. Although pathogenicity of these swine REBOV strains to humans, non-human primates, or even pigs remains unclear, other EBOV species (i.e., ZEBOV) was shown to cause severe respiratory disease in experimentally infected pigs (Kobinger et al., 2011). During the 2001–2003 ZEBOV outbreaks in Gabon and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), when large numbers of gorillas and chimpanzees were infected, the viral genome was also detected in duikers, medium-sized Bovid related to antelopes and gazelles (Leroy et al., 2004). It was also reported that several dogs in the ZEBOV-epidemic area might have been highly exposed to the virus by eating infected dead animals, as suggested by high seroprevalence, but the putative infection seems to be asymptomatic (Allela et al., 2005).
Infectious MARV was recently isolated from Egyptian fruit bats (Rousettus aegyptiacus) in Uganda, indicating that this species is susceptible to MARV infection and potentially acts as the natural reservoir of the virus (Towner et al., 2009). Phylogenetic analysis showed that viruses in the bats were closely related to those isolated from victims of the 2007 MARV outbreak in Uganda, providing the first evidence for an epidemiological link between viruses in bats and hemorrhagic fever outbreak in humans. On the other hand, EBOV has not been isolated from any bat species. During the 2001–2003 EBOV outbreaks in Gabon and DRC, however, fruit bats (Hypsignathus monstrosus, Epomops franqueti, and Myonycteris torquata) captured in the outbreak area were found to have EBOV genomic RNA and virus-specific antibodies (Leroy et al., 2005), suggesting they are potential natural reservoirs for EBOV. However, it is still unclear whether these bats continuously maintain EBOV and/or MARV and act as a potential source of filovirus transmission to humans.
It has been shown that laboratory animals, including mice and guinea pigs, are susceptible to filovirus infection. However, these animals infected with filoviruses obtained from patients normally develop a non-lethal illness, though the viruses have the ability to replicate in the animals. Guinea pigs have been used as an animal model for filovirus infection since serial passage of MARV and EBOV in the animals results in a substantial increase in lethality (Bowen et al., 1980; Hevey et al., 1997; Volchkov et al., 2000; Subbotina et al., 2010). It was also demonstrated that passages of ZEBOV through young mice resulted in the selection of variants with pathogenicity associated with mutations in viral internal genes (e.g., NP and VP40) (Bray et al., 1998; Ebihara et al., 2006). This mouse-adapted ZEBOV is highly lethal to mice. Similarly, a mouse model for MARV infection has been established (Warfield et al., 2009). Interestingly, mutations found in the GP gene of these mouse- or guinea pig-adapted viruses were not the primary factor for efficient replication in mice and guinea pigs, suggesting the importance of some other mechanisms underlying in viral replication and/or immune evasion, as shown in the pathogenesis of influenza virus (Fukuyama and Kawaoka, 2011).
The fourth gene from the 3′ end of the filovirus genome encodes the viral envelope GP (Figure 2), which is responsible for both receptor binding and fusion of the virus envelope with the host cell membrane (Takada et al., 1997; Wool-Lewis and Bates, 1998) (Figures 3 and 4). GP is highly glycosylated with large amounts of N- and O-linked glycans, most of which are uniformly located in the middle one-third of the GP, designated the mucin-like region (MLR) (Yang et al., 2000; Manicassamy et al., 2007). The amino acid sequences of the MLR are highly variable among filovirus species (Sanchez et al., 1996, 1998). GP undergoes proteolytic cleavage by host proteases such as furin (Volchkov et al., 1998), which produces two subunits, GP1 and GP2, linked by a disulfide bond. The GP1 subunit mediates viral attachment, most likely through the MLR or the putative receptor binding region (RBR; Kuhn et al., 2006; Dube et al., 2009). The GP2 subunit has the heptad repeat regions required for assembling GP as a trimer. The hydrophobic fusion loop on GP2 is thought to catalyze fusion of the viral envelope and host cell membrane (Weissenhorn et al., 1998; Ito et al., 1999). Although the trigger to promote the conformational change leading to membrane fusion is not fully understood, it was recently suggested that endosomal proteolysis of EBOV and MARV GPs by cysteine proteases such as cathepsins B and L plays an important role in inducing membrane fusion (Chandran et al., 2005; Schornberg et al., 2006; Matsuno et al., 2010a). Since GP is the only viral surface GP, it is believed to have an important role in controlling the tropism and pathogenesis of filovirus infection (Takada and Kawaoka, 2001; Hoenen et al., 2006; Sanchez et al., 2007).
Figure 4. Schematic diagram of filovirus glycoprotein. Both EBOV and MARV GPs contain signal peptides (SP), putative RBR, MLR, furin cleavage site, internal fusion loop (IFL), heptad repeat (HP), and transmembrane (TM) regions.
In the early years, studies of filoviruses were hampered by its extraordinary pathogenicity, which requires biosafety level 4 containment. To circumvent this problem, pseudotype virus systems for functional analysis of filovirus GPs have been established (Takada et al., 1997; Wool-Lewis and Bates, 1998). The systems rely on recombinant viruses (e.g., replication-competent or -incompetent vesicular stomatitis virus and retroviruses) that contain filovirus GP instead of their own GPs (Figure 5). Such pseudotype virus systems enable us to investigate cell tropism mediated by simple interaction between filovirus GP and its cellular ligands. Using such a system, it was shown that pseudotyped viruses infected primate cells more efficiently than any of the other mammalian or avian cells examined, in a manner consistent with the host range tropism of Ebola virus, and that cell-surface GPs with N-linked oligosaccharide chains might contribute to the entry of Ebola viruses, presumably acting as a specific receptor and/or cofactor for virus entry (Takada et al., 1997). Furthermore, filovirus receptor-deficient cell lines that have been used in expression cloning strategies searching for filovirus entry mediators were discovered in an early study (Wool-Lewis and Bates, 1998). Thus, pseudotype virus systems are an essential tool for recent filovirus receptor research.
Figure 5. Schematic diagram of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) pseudotyped with filovirus GP. The pseudotype virus relies on a recombinant virus that contains a reporter gene instead of the viral envelope protein gene responsible for receptor-binding and membrane fusion. Since filovirus glycoprotein is efficiently incorporated into VSV particles, a recombinant VSV that contains the green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene, instead of the G protein gene can be generated. This virus is not infectious unless the envelope protein responsible for receptor binding and membrane fusion is provided in trans.
Although filoviruses can replicate in various tissues and cell types, the molecular mechanisms of their broad tropism remain poorly understood (Figure 6). By using an expression cloning strategy that has been used to identify several virus receptors, human folate receptor-α was first identified as a ubiquitous cellular cofactor that mediates infection by both MARV and ZEBOV (Chan et al., 2001). This molecule is a glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol-linked protein expressed on the cell-surface. However, a human immunodeficiency virus pseudotyped with EBOV GP could not infect T-cell lines stably expressing this protein, suggesting that folate receptor-α is not sufficient to mediate entry (i.e., some other molecules are required) (Simmons et al., 2003b; Sinn et al., 2003). A similar approach identified members of the Tyro3 receptor tyrosine kinase family (Axl, Dtk, and Mer) as molecules involved in cell entry of filoviruses (Shimojima et al., 2006). Expression of these family members in lymphoid cells, which are originally non-permissive to filoviruses, enhanced infection by pseudotype viruses bearing filovirus GPs on their envelopes. These molecules are widely distributed in many types of cells throughout the body, though not on lymphocytes and granulocytes (Linger et al., 2008). A more recent study demonstrated that reduction of Axl expression by RNAi treatment resulted in decreased ZEBOV entry via. macropinocytosis but had no effect on the clathrin-dependent or caveola/lipid raft-mediated endocytic mechanisms, suggesting that Axl enhances macropinocytosis (Hunt et al., 2011). However, direct interactions between these cellular molecules and the GP RBR remain to be demonstrated.
Figure 6. Proposed models of filovirus entry into cells. Virus particles attach to the cell-surface through the interaction between GP and some cellular molecules (e.g., putative ubiquitous receptors, C-type lectins). Following virus uptake and trafficking to late endosomes, GP is cleaved by cellular proteases such as cathepsins to remove heavily glycosylated regions including the MLR and expose the RBR of GP1. Binding of cleaved GP1 to a coreceptor (e.g., NPC1) might be necessary for the GP conformational change leading to membrane fusion.
Recently, a bioinformatics approach, comparative genetics analysis, was used to screen the candidate genes involved in ZEBOV entry and T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 1 (TIM-1) was identified as a candidate ZEBOV and MARV cellular receptor by correlation analysis between the gene expression profiles and permissiveness to viral infection (Kondratowicz et al., 2011). TIM-1 was shown to bind to the RBR of ZEBOV GP, and ectopic TIM-1 expression in poorly permissive cells enhanced EBOV infection. In addition, reduction of cell-surface expression of TIM-1 by RNAi decreased infection of highly permissive Vero cells, which are commonly used for filovirus propagation. However, the fact that not all cell types that are naturally permissive for filoviruses express the above-mentioned molecules implies that filoviruses may utilize multiple cellular proteins for infection of a wide variety of cells. More recent studies suggest that endo/lysosomal cholesterol transporter protein Niemann–Pick C1 (NPC1) is essential for filovirus infection, providing a model of EBOV infection in which cleavage of the GP1 subunit by endosomal cathepsin removes heavily glycosylated regions to expose the putative RBR, which is a ligand for NPC1 and mediates membrane fusion by the GP2 subunit (Carette et al., 2011; Côté et al., 2011). Available data indicate that the cellular tropism of filoviruses does not necessarily match the distribution of any cellular molecules so far identified. Importantly, it remains elusive whether these molecules act as functional receptors that mediate both viral attachment and membrane fusion or as so-called co-receptors whose interaction with viral GP is required only for membrane fusion.
Both MARV and EBOV GPs contain both N- and O-linked carbohydrate chains with different terminal sialylation patterns that seem to depend on the virus strains and cell lines used for their propagation. The MLR contains a number of potential N- and O-linked glycosylation sites as mentioned above. Though the MLR is found in all known filovirus GPs, its highly variable amino acid sequences and sugar chain structure suggest different GP properties among filovirus species. Interestingly, it is well documented that deletion of the MLR does not affect the fundamental function of GP in viral entry into cells in vitro, as indicated by the observation that pseudotyped viruses bearing GP lacking the MLR infect primate epithelial cells (e.g., Vero E6 cells) similarly or rather more efficiently than viruses with wild-type GP (Simmons et al., 2002; Takada et al., 2004; Matsuno et al., 2010a). According to the crystal structure of ZEBOV GP in its trimeric, prefusion conformation, the MLR may restrict access of the putative RBR to virus receptors (Lee et al., 2008). Thus, pseudotyped viruses bearing MLR-deletion mutant GP have often been used for approaches to identify filovirus-specific receptors (Shimojima et al., 2006; Kondratowicz et al., 2011). However, the MLR plays an important role in filovirus entry into preferred target cells such as endothelial cells, hepatocytes, and antigen-presenting cells, whose infection is likely involved in tropism and pathogenesis of filoviruses, as described below.
C-type lectins are a family of Ca2+-dependent carbohydrate-recognition proteins that play crucial roles in innate immunity. It has been demonstrated that membrane-anchored cellular C-type lectins facilitate filovirus infection in vitro by binding to glycans focused on the MLR (Figure 6). The asialoglycoprotein receptor, a C-type lectin found exclusively in hepatocytes, initially proposed as a receptor for Marburg virus (Becker et al., 1995), recognizes GPs displaying N-linked sugar chains with terminal galactose residues on the GP molecule and enhances filovirus infectivity. It was subsequently shown that carbohydrate chains on filovirus GP, especially on the MLR, are recognized by other cellular C-type lectins such as dendritic cell- and liver/lymph node-specific ICAM-3-grabbing non-integrin (DC/L-SIGN) (Alvarez et al., 2002; Lin et al., 2003; Simmons et al., 2003a; Marzi et al., 2004; Gramberg et al., 2008), human macrophage galactose-type C-type lectin (hMGL) (Takada et al., 2004; Matsuno et al., 2010a), and liver and lymph node sinusoidal endothelial cell C-type lectin (LSECtin) (Gramberg et al., 2005; Dominguez-Soto et al., 2007; Powlesland et al., 2008). Though these C-type lectins show different specificities, depending on the structures of target glycans, and thus MLR may not be the only binding site for the lectins, all have been reported to promote filovirus entry. It should be noted that C-type lectins enhance filovirus infectivity when expressed on the target cell-surface, but are unlikely to act as functional receptors mediating both attachment and membrane fusion (Simmons et al., 2003a; Marzi et al., 2007; Matsuno et al., 2010b). The fact that interaction between the GP MLR and C-type lectins is not essential for viral entry into cells lacking C-type lectins (e.g., Vero E6 cells) may also suggest that C-type lectins facilitate viral attachment but not infectious entry.
Hepatocytes, endothelial cells, dendritic cells, monocytes, and macrophages, all of which express C-type lectins, are thought to be the preferred target cells of filoviruses (Takada and Kawaoka, 2001; Geisbert and Hensley, 2004; Hoenen et al., 2006). Indeed, primary macrophage and dendritic cell cultures transduced for C-type lectin expression greatly increased their susceptibility to virus infection (Simmons et al., 2003a; Marzi et al., 2007). While C-type lectins do not directly mediate filovirus entry, their pattern of expression in vivo and their ability to enhance infection indicate that C-type lectins can play an important role in filovirus transmission and tissue tropism. Thus, increased infection of these cells might be directly involved in the pathogenesis of filoviruses. Accordingly, it was shown that soluble mannose-binding C-type lectin played a role in protection from lethal Ebola virus infection in a mouse model (Michelow et al., 2011). It should be noted that the ability to utilize the C-type lectins (i.e., DC-SIGN and hMGL) to promote cellular entry was correlated with the different pathogenicities among filoviruses (Takada et al., 2004; Marzi et al., 2006; Matsuno et al., 2010a). Interestingly, the MLR amino acid sequence does not seem to be the primary factor contributing to the difference (Marzi et al., 2006; Matsuno et al., 2010a; Usami et al., 2011). Although there might be some distinct mechanisms of entry between MARV and EBOV (Chan et al., 2000), the similarity of tissue tropism and pathological features of infection between these viruses suggests that C-type lectins are one of the important molecules, likely as attachment factors, for filovirus entry into cells, and that they are directly involved in filovirus tropism at the cellular level.
In addition to the common receptor/co-receptor-dependent mechanism of cellular attachment and membrane fusion, some viruses utilize antiviral antibodies for their efficient entry into target cells (Takada and Kawaoka, 2003). This mechanism is known as antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of viral infection. Filoviruses utilize virus-specific antibodies for their entry into cells in vitro through interaction between anti-GP antibodies and the cellular Fc receptor (FcR) or complement component C1q and its ligand, which likely promotes viral attachment to cells (Takada et al., 2001, 2003a, 2007; Nakayama et al., 2011) (Figure 6). FcR are expressed exclusively on the cells of the immune system such as monocytes/macrophages, neutrophils, B-cells, and granulocytes (Fanger and Guyre, 1992), whereas C1q ligands have been identified in most mammalian cells (Eggleton et al., 1998; Nicholson-Weller and Klickstein, 1999), suggesting a ubiquitous mechanism for ADE of filovirus infection.
By using GP-specific monoclonal antibodies, several epitopes recognized by ADE antibodies were identified and these epitopes were mostly located in the MLR of the GP1 subunit (Takada et al., 2007; Nakayama et al., 2011). It should be noted that neutralizing antibodies appear to recognize different epitopes that are not located on the MLR (Takada et al., 2003b; Lee et al., 2008). As reflected by the high variability of the MLR amino acid sequences and limited overall cross-reactivity of anti-sera among filovirus species (i.e., ZEBOV, SEBOV, CIEBOV, BEBOV, REBOV, and MARV), ADE activities of the anti-sera to GP are virus-species-specific (Takada et al., 2001, 2007; Nakayama et al., 2010). Interestingly, potential viral pathogenicity is correlated with the ability to induce ADE antibodies, suggesting the possible contribution of ADE to different pathogenicity between filoviruses (Takada et al., 2001; Nakayama et al., 2011). More importantly, the demonstration of ADE of filovirus infection raises fundamental questions about the development of GP-based vaccines and the use of anti-GP antibodies for passive immunization.
Recently, GP has been used for viral vector-based or DNA vaccines that were shown to protect animals effectively. Replication-incompetent adenovirus expressing GP, a replication-competent vesicular stomatitis virus expressing GP, and a recombinant paramyxovirus expressing GP have been shown to protect non-human primates from lethal infections of filoviruses (Sullivan et al., 2000, 2003; Jones et al., 2005; Bukreyev et al., 2007; Feldmann et al., 2007). It should be noted that these vaccines potentially induce cytotoxic cellular response (i.e., CD8+ T lymphocytes) as well as antibody production, suggesting that activating cytotoxic T-cells is a key protective mechanism (Olinger et al., 2005; Sullivan et al., 2006; Reed and Mohamadzadeh, 2007). Since cytotoxic T-cell response cannot be fully induced by immunization with non-replicative protein antigens such as inactivated virus and subunit vaccines, viral vector-based, or DNA vaccines may be promising in preventing filovirus infection.
All enveloped viruses initiate infection by attaching to host cells followed by membrane fusion via interaction between viral surface proteins and receptor/co-receptor molecules on target cells, and this interaction is often a key determinant controlling viral tissue tropism and/or host range. As described above, it has been demonstrated that filoviruses utilize multiple molecules for their entry into cells. However, it remains elusive whether these molecules serve as functional receptors mediating both viral attachment and membrane fusion or play independent roles as either attachment receptors or fusion receptors. More importantly, none of the cellular molecules identified so far explains filovirus tissue tropism and host range reasonably. It might also be hypothesized that filoviruses do not use a single common receptor to infect a broad range of cells and, unlike many other viruses, may not need a "specific" receptor. Although the overall tropism and pathogenicity of filoviruses is controlled by multiple host cell factors (e.g., interactions with the host immune system), further studies aimed at identification of cellular molecules interacting with GP are needed to fully understand the mechanisms of cellular entry of filoviruses, and may shed light on the development of strategies for prophylaxis and treatment of Marburg and Ebola hemorrhagic fevers.
I thank Kim Barrymore for editing the manuscript. This work was supported by the Takeda Science Foundation, and done within the framework of the Japan Initiative for Global Research Network on Infectious Diseases (J-GRID) and the Global COE Program "Establishment of International Collaboration Centers for Zoonosis Control" of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (MEXT), Japan. The work was further supported by a Grant-in-aid from the Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare, Japan.
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Accepted: 19 January 2012; Published online: 06 February 2012.
Copyright: © 2012 Takada. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License, which permits non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in other forums, provided the original authors and source are credited.


text:
Darío Alejandro Grandinetti (born March 5, 1959) is an Argentine actor. He is known for his numerous roles in television, theater and film, where he participated in films by renowned directors such as Alejandro Doria, Pedro Almodóvar and Damián Szifron.

Biography
Darío Grandinetti was born in the city of Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina. His father worked in the Junta Nacional de Granos in streets of Mendoza and Sarmiento. When Darío Grandinetti was 17 years old he and his family moved to the small town of Las Rosas where they lived only one year and returned to Rosario. In Rosario he played in the inferior teams of Newells Old Boys football club. He began to work in the Junta Nacional de Granos as auxiliary and began studying theater. For reasons of work, he moved to Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Career
Darío Grandinetti started as a television actor and slowly moved towards cinema. His filmography is mainly of Argentine production or co-productions with his country. His first work in a foreign production was the Bolivian El Día que murió el silencio of 1998, and has recently worked in a number of Spanish films, and also participated as guest in Spanish TV series. He is considered one of the most important Argentine actors. In 2012 he won an International Emmy Award for his role in Televisión por la Inclusión.

Personal life

When he was 24 he had an affair with the 40 year old actor Silvia Montanari. She broke off the relationship saying later that it was because of their age difference.

In 1989 he formalized his relationship with Catalan artist Eulalia Lombarte Llorca with whom he had his first two children, María Eulalia and Juan. The couple ended their relationship in the year 1992 with much controversy and a legal battle for the possession of their children that ended up favoring Darío. In October 1993 he met ex-model and Argentine actress Marisa Mondino with whom he married in 1995 and had two daughters, Lucía (1996-1997) who died in 1997 of hydrocephalus, and Laura. The couple ended their relationship in 2006. Finally, after several rumors that linked them together, in 2016 Darío Grandinetti made official his relationship with actress Pastora Vega.

Theater

Television

Films

TV Programs

Awards

References

External links

Argentine male television actors
1959 births
Living people
Argentine people of Italian descent
International Emmy Award for Best Actor winners
Male actors from Rosario, Santa Fe

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Around 45 staff at Wood Treatment Ltd face redundancy after explosions destroyed the factory on July 17.
More than 20 businesses have signed up to support workers who were made redundant after the mill explosion at Bosley.
Cheshire East Council has received a number of offers of employment for the 50 staff who lost their jobs in the wake of the incident at the Wood Treatment Ltd mill.
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One of my favorite things about reading for a living is watching authors who I discovered as debut writers mature. One I have had my eye on was Michele Martinez, whose latest book COVER-UP will be in stores on March 13th. Michele's work gets better with each book (this is her third) and I truly love her style, as well as her characters. I see a huge future for her. We will have a feature about her starting next week.
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text:
Emmanuel de Fonscolombe
Messe Brève
Carolyn Shuster-Fournier, organ
Catherine Manandaza, soprano
Patrick Garayt, tenor
Hacquard, baritone
Felicitas Bergmann, mezzo-soprano
World First Recording
VOL IC 217
01. Tout l'univers (6:26)
02. Kyrie (2:10)
03. Gloria (8:20)
04. Credo (18:19)
05. Sanctus (4:16)
06. Agnus Dei (5:31)
07. Ave Maria (3:02)
08. Panis Angelicus (4:56)
was born in 1810 in Aix-en-Provence, where he also died in 1875. Emmanuel Honoré Boyer de Fonscolombe, Baron de la Mole, has composed, besides several masses, diversen scacred music and an opera : "Un prisonnier en Crimée" (A prisoner in the Crimea),charming melodies, vocal duets and a trio (violin, violoncello and piano).
He is one of the great choirmasters of Aix-en-Provence (Église de la Madeleine), in the tradition of Jean Gilles and André Campra.
As a contemporary of Berlioz, he is one of the rare romantic composers of the Provence. Having studied law, he was a friend of Félicien David, who dedicated to him "Eden" and "Moïse au Sinaï". He was also interested in Entomology and Botanics.
He lived in the Château de la Mole in southern french Var and he is the great-grandfather of the writer-pilot Antoine de Saint Exupéry.
His duets and melodies have been recorded in 2008 by Hybrid'Music.
(tracks 2 à 6)
We know little about this mass. It had been composed originally for a three part choir and soloists. We decided ourselves for a version with three soloists because of the difficulty of the parts, especially for the tenor, which is in a nowadays scarcely common register.
As the score had never been published, the manuscript which was found in the Châteu de la Mole had to be read and corrected carefully. It is a work full of contrasts which never fatigues the listeners ear. The sequence of divers movements, especially in the Gloria and in the Credo surprises at every transition and brings a sense of pleasure.
The Credo (the intonation of which has been borrowed from the Messe Royale by du Mont) starts like a polyphony of Palestrina before developping quickly into a bolder counter point.
The rise to the Calvary of the crucifix is full of dramatic intensity and mirors the romantic feeling of the contemporary period, which began in France with Berlioz.
Other passages are very elegant and resemble the Missa brevis by Mozart or by Haydn. Large fugues as in the Rossini of the Small Solemn Mass clonclude brilliantly the Gloria and Credo.
Musica et Memoria : www.musimem.com Association des Amis d'Emmanuel de Fonscolombe www.fonscolombe.populus.ch