text:
Presidencialismo é um sistema de governo em que um chefe de governo também é o chefe de Estado e lidera o poder executivo, que é separado do poder legislativo e do poder judiciário. O executivo é eleito e muitas vezes intitulado "presidente" e não é responsável pelo legislativo e não pode, em circunstâncias normais, dissolver o parlamento. O legislador pode ter o direito, em casos extremos, de demitir o executivo, muitas vezes através de um processo de impeachment. No entanto, essas demissões são vistas como tão raras que não contradizem os princípios centrais deste tipo de sistema político, que, em circunstâncias normais, significa que o legislador não pode demitir o executivo.

Os sistemas presidencialistas são vários e diversos, mas seguem algumas características. O executivo pode vetar atos legislativos e, por sua vez, uma maioria de legisladores podem derrubar o veto, o que é derivado da tradição britânica de aprovação real, em que uma lei do Parlamento só pode ser aprovada com o consentimento do monarca. O presidente tem um mandato fixo e as eleições são realizadas em períodos regulares e não podem ser desencadeadas por um voto de confiança ou por outros procedimentos parlamentares. Embora em alguns países haja uma exceção, que prevê a remoção de um presidente que comprovadamente quebrou a lei.

O poder executivo é unipessoal, ou seja, os membros do gabinete são nomeados a critério do presidente e devem realizar as políticas do executivo e do legislativo. Os ministros ou chefes de departamentos executivos não são membros do legislativo. No entanto, os sistemas presidencialistas muitas vezes precisam da aprovação legislativa de indicações do executivo para o gabinete, para o judiciário e para vários postos governamentais inferiores. Um presidente geralmente pode direcionar membros do gabinete, militares, ou qualquer funcionário ou empregado do executivo, mas não pode dirigir ou destituir juízes. O presidente pode, muitas vezes perdoar ou comutar penas de criminosos condenados.

O cargo de presidente não exclusivo de sistemas presidencialistas. Por exemplo, um ditador, que pode ou não ter sido popularmente ou legitimamente eleito, pode ser e muitas vezes chamado de presidente. Da mesma forma, os líderes de Estados unipartidários são frequentemente chamados de presidentes. A maioria das repúblicas parlamentares também têm presidentes, mas esta posição é em grande parte cerimonial; exemplos notáveis incluem Alemanha, Índia, Irlanda, Israel e Itália. O título também é usado em repúblicas parlamentaristas com uma presidência executiva e também em sistemas semipresidenciais.

Por país

Brasil

A expressão "presidencialismo de coalizão", criada pelo cientista político Sérgio Henrique Abranches, caracteriza o padrão de governança brasileiro expresso na relação entre os Poderes Executivo e Legislativo. A noção sugere a união de dois elementos - sistema político presidencialista mais a existência de coalizões partidárias.  E, como afirma Abranches: Por ser presidencialismo, esse regime de governança reserva à presidência um papel crítico e central, no equilíbrio, gestão e estabilização da coalizão.

As origens partidárias do presidente e do parlamento são desvinculadas. As eleições parlamentares e presidenciais podem ocorrer em datas diferentes, ou, mesmo quando a eleição é realizada na mesma data, como acontece no Brasil, o eleitor pode optar por eleger um presidente de um partido e um representante parlamentar de outra agremiação. Assim, o presidencialismo difere do parlamentarismo justamente pelas origens distintas dos poderes executivo e legislativo. Ao passo que, no parlamentarismo, o executivo surge da correlação de forças entre os partidos eleitos para o parlamento, no presidencialismo o executivo deriva da eleição direta do presidente pela população.

A coalizão refere-se a acordos entre partidos (normalmente em torno da ocupação de cargos no governo) e alianças (dificilmente em torno de ideias ou programas) entre forças políticas para alcançar determinados objetivos. Na maioria das vezes a coalizão é feita para sustentar um governo, dando-lhe suporte político no legislativo (em primeiro lugar) e influenciando na formulação das políticas (secundariamente).

Em sistemas multipartidários, nos quais há mais do que dois partidos relevantes disputando eleições e ocupando cadeiras no Congresso, dificilmente o partido do presidente terá ampla maioria no Parlamento, para aprovar seus projetos e implementar suas políticas. Assim, alguns partidos - ou muitos, dependendo da conjuntura política - se juntam para formar um consórcio de apoio e sustentação ao chefe de governo. Essa prática é muito comum no sistema parlamentarista, no qual uma coalizão interpartidária disputa as eleições para o parlamento, visando obter a maioria das cadeiras e com isso indicar ("eleger") o primeiro-ministro.

A peculiaridade do sistema político brasileiro deve-se ao fato de conjugar a ideia de pacto interpartidário do parlamentarismo e a eleição direta para o chefe do governo, traço típico do presidencialismo.

Estados Unidos

Nos Estados Unidos, o sistema de governo é, no essencial, composto por: presidente, que acumula as funções de chefe de Estado e de Governo;  Congresso, que detém as funções legislativas e é composto pelo Senado e pela Câmara dos Representantes (em razão da forma de estado federal), e pela Suprema Corte, para as questões judiciais.

De acordo com Jorge Miranda, existe uma interdependência funcional entre os órgãos no sistema presidencialista. Isto de fato acontece, tendo em conta os poderes do presidente, que pode vetar legislação emanada do parlamento ou enviar mensagens com manifestação de vontades. Por outro lado, o presidente tem também o poder de autorizar ou não pedidos de créditos orçamentais e nomeações de altos cargos do Estado.

O parlamento pode demitir o presidente em situações de impeachment. Já o presidente não pode dissolver o Congresso, independentemente de circunstâncias.

Críticas
Os críticos geralmente apontam três desvantagens principais para os sistemas presidencialistas:

 Tendência ao autoritarismo – o presidencialismo aumenta o risco de conflitos nas eleições, agrava a sua polarização e pode levar ao autoritarismo (Linz).
 Impasse político – a separação de poderes exarcebada de um sistema presidencialista estabelece o presidente e o parlamento como duas estruturas paralelas. Os críticos argumentam que isso pode criar um impasse político indesejável e de longo prazo sempre que o presidente e a maioria parlamentar são de partidos diferentes, o que é comum porque o eleitorado geralmente espera resultados mais rápidos do que aquilo que é possível das novas políticas (Linz, Mainwaring e Shugart). Além disso, isto reduz a responsabilidade ao permitir que o presidente e o poder legislativo transfiram a culpa um para o outro.
 Impedimentos à mudança da liderança – os sistemas presidencialistas costumam dificultar a destituição de um presidente do cargo antes do fim do mandato, por exemplo, após o presidente tomar medidas que se tornaram impopulares.

Uma quarta crítica aplica-se especificamente aos países com um parlamento eleito pelo método de representação proporcional e um presidente. Quando os eleitores são virtualmente todos representados pelos seus votos num resultado proporcional, o presidente é eleito na base do sistema de escrutínio uninominal maioritário em que o vencedor leva tudo ("winner-take-all"). Neste caso dois sistemas eleitorais diferentes passam, portanto, a estar em competição direta, levando a potenciais conflitos que são baseados nas diferenças naturais dos dois sistemas.

Tendência ao autoritarismo
O cientista político Juan José Linz, da Universidade de Yale, argumenta que:

Vários cientistas políticos dizem que os sistemas presidencialistas não são constitucionalmente estáveis e têm dificuldade para sustentar as práticas democráticas, observando que o presidencialismo deslizou para o autoritarismo em muitos dos países em que foi implementado. De acordo com o cientista político Fred W. Riggs, o presidencialismo tem caído no autoritarismo em quase todos os países em que tem sido tentado. O sociólogo político Seymour Martin Lipset aponta para que este tenha ocorrido em culturas políticas não contribuem para a democracia e que as forças armadas tendem a desempenhar um papel proeminente na maioria desses países. A lista das 22 democracias mais antigas do mundo inclui apenas dois países (Costa Rica e Estados Unidos) com sistemas presidencialistas.

A autora Dana D. Nelson em seu livro de 2008 chamado Bad for Democracy vê o gabinete do Presidente dos Estados Unidos como essencialmente antidemocrático e caracteriza o presidencialismo como a adoração ao presidente pelos cidadãos, o que ela acredita que enfraquece a participação cívica.

Um primeiro-ministro, sem o apoio da maioria no legislativo deve ou formar uma coalizão política ou ser capaz de liderar um governo de minoria e governar de uma forma aceitável para, pelo menos, alguns dos partidos da oposição. Mesmo com o governo da maioria, o primeiro-ministro deve ainda governar dentro das restrições, conforme determinado pelos membros de seu partido. Caso contrário, há um grande risco de perder a sua liderança no partido. Assim como seu partido corre o risco de perder a próxima eleição. Por outro lado, uma vez eleito, um presidente pode ser capaz de marginalizar a influência de outros partidos e excluir membros rivais de seu próprio partido, bem como, até mesmo deixar o partido sob o qual foi eleito. Assim, o presidente pode governar sem qualquer apoio do partido até a próxima eleição ou abusar de seu poder para ganhar vários termos, uma situação preocupante para muitos grupos de interesse.

Impasse político
Vários cientistas políticos falam do "fracasso do presidencialismo" porque a separação de poderes de um sistema presidencial muitas vezes cria um impasse político indesejável de longo prazo e instabilidade sempre que o presidente e a maioria legislativa são de partidos diferentes. Isso é comum porque o eleitorado geralmente espera resultados mais rápidos do que aquilo que é possível das novas políticas e muda para um partido diferente na eleição seguinte. Críticos como Juan José Linz argumentam que esta instabilidade política inerente pode causar o colapso das democracias, como visto em casos como o Brasil e o Chile de Allende.

Falta de responsabilidade
Em tais casos de impasse, os críticos dizem que os sistemas presidencialistas não oferecem aos eleitores o tipo de responsabilidade visto nos sistemas parlamentares. É fácil para o presidente ou para o parlamento escapar da culpa transferindo-a um para o outro. Descrevendo os Estados Unidos, o ex-secretário do Tesouro C. Douglas Dillon disse que "o Presidente culpa o Congresso, o Congresso culpa o Presidente e o público continua confuso e desgostoso com o governo em Washington". Anos antes de se tornar presidente, Woodrow Wilson (na época, um crítico feroz do sistema presidencialista de governo dos EUA) escreveu a famosa frase "how is the schoolmaster, the nation, to know which boy needs the whipping?", "tal como o professor da escola, como pode a nação, saber qual é o menino que precisa de açoite?".

Impedimentos à mudança da liderança
Outro problema atribuído ao presidencialismo é que muitas vezes é difícil destituir um presidente do cargo antes do final do mandato. Mesmo que um presidente seja "provado ser ineficiente, mesmo que se torne impopular, mesmo que a sua política seja inaceitável para a maioria dos seus concidadãos, ele e os seus métodos devem ser tolerados até que chegue o momento de uma nova eleição".

Uma vez que os primeiros-ministros nos sistemas parlamentares e semipresidencialistas devem sempre manter a confiança do poder legislativo, nos casos em que o primeiro-ministro deixa o cargo repentinamente, há pouco sentido em alguém sem uma perspectiva razoável de ganhar a confiança parlamentar tentar assumir o cargo de primeiro-ministro. Isto garante que, sempre que o cargo de primeiro-ministro ficar vago (ou prestes a ficar vago), os parlamentares terão sempre um papel fundamental na determinação do sucessor.

Walter Bagehot criticou o presidencialismo por não permitir a transferência do poder em caso de emergência.

Finalmente, muitos analistas políticos criticaram os sistemas presidencialistas pela sua alegada lentidão para atender às necessidades dos seus cidadãos. Frequentemente, os pesos e contrapesos tornam a ação difícil. Walter Bagehot disse sobre o sistema presidencialista americano, "o executivo fica paralisado por não conseguir a lei de que precisa, e o legislativo é estragado por ter que agir sem responsabilidade: o executivo torna-se impróprio para o seu nome, uma vez que não pode executar o que decide; o legislador desmoralizado pela liberdade, ao tomar decisões de outrem [e não de si] sofrerá os efeitos".

Países presidencialistas

Ver também
 Semipresidencialismo
 República parlamentarista
 Parlamentarismo

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


The gas industry wants us to believe that gas prices will RISE unless we extract more coal seam gas. But as this INFOGRAPHIC shows, they have a good reason to want to get their hands on more gas and send it overseas. SHARE this infographic on Facebook to help bust this gas industry myth.


What are the top Communications Schools in Montreat, NC?
Montreat has a general population of 630 and an overall student population of 1,251. Approximately 1,251 of Montreat's students are enrolled in schools that offer communications programs.
The largest communications school in Montreat, by student population, is Montreat College. Approximately 3 students graduated in 2010 from Montreat College with credentials in communications.
A total of 3 students graduated with credentials in communications from communications schools in Montreat in 2010. In 2009 tuition at communications schools in Montreat was $20,676 per year, on average.
You should also anticipate spending about $1,100 for communications related books and supplies every year. And if you live on campus, you will face an additional expense of $6,541 per year, on average, for room and board at Montreat-based communications schools. Students who live at home can cut this cost down to approximately $25,076.
If you decide to work as a communications professional in Montreat, your job prospects are average. In 2010, of the 4,740 communications professionals in North Carolina, 230 were working in the greater Montreat area. The number of communications professionals in Montreat is expected to increase by 8% by the year 2018. This anticipated change is faster than the projected nationwide trend for communications professionals.
The average salary you can expect to earn as a communications professional in Montreat is $33,120 per year, which is lower than the average for communications professionals state-wide.


One in 150 children are diagnosed with autism. This is a sibling's story about disappointment and excitement, frustration and genuine love. A book to use as a tool to discuss their feelings and give comfort to siblings affected with autism.
This entry was posted in Family Relationships, Our Library and tagged Autism Spectrum Disorder, books, Family Relationships, social skill. Bookmark the permalink.


It is important to remember that every child-parent relationship is different and is shaped by circumstance and a number of other factors. Every parenting style brings about a different reaction from the child. Once you identify which parenting style suites your family, you can develop the tools to raise a happy, healthy individual that is ready to be a part of society.
Authoritative parenting is widely recognized as the most beneficial and effective parenting style out of the four. An authoritative parent is known for their high expectations of their children, but also their understanding, support and guidance. This is one of the healthiest environments you can place your child in to grow and develop. This parenting style also values open communication between a parent and child.
Permissive parenting is also known as indulgent parenting. These type of parents are known to be responsive, but not demanding. They are lenient, loving, nurturing and steer away from confrontation and conflict. However, this means fewer rules and boundaries leading to less self-discipline and control. By setting boundaries and rules, one can improve this parenting style.
Authoritarian parenting is also known as strict parenting. This kind of parent is demanding and unresponsive. This parent-child relationship offers nearly no open discussion and a child is expected to follow a strict set of rules. Discipline and punishment are used to teach lessons and demand obedience. Try balancing out your set structure while allowing for open communication so your child knows why they need to follow a set of rules.
Neglectful parenting is one of the most harmful ways to parent a child. It is important to recognize when this kind of parenting is taking place because there may be multiple children at risk of abuse or neglect that need help. It's also essential to receive help if you or someone you know is being neglected. Children will develop deep-rooted trust issues, absent relationships and a lack of social skills. If this applies to you, seek help and learn the importance of a positive parent child relationship.


text:
Monster Garage es un videojuego basado en el programa de televisión del mismo nombre desarrollado por Invictus Games publicado por Activision Value para Windows y Xbox.

Jugabilidad
Basado en el programa de televisión, este juego toma varios programas y te permite hacer el vehículo que se hizo en los programas. Para aquellos que no conocen el programa de televisión, funciona así...

Jesse y su equipo construirán una creación que hará una determinada tarea dentro de los 7 días y al gastar menos de $3000 y el vehículo debe verse en stock cuando se complete.

Entonces, este juego te da la tarea de construir un vehículo que haga algo como conducir a través de un pantano flotando en el agua y usando un ventilador grande para que te muevas.

En el primer día, debe diseñar el vehículo. En los primeros escenarios, solo tiene un diseño prefabricado para elegir. En escenarios posteriores, puede elegir entre tres diseños prefabricados.

Los días dos a seis se dedican a construir el vehículo. Puede comprar varias piezas para el vehículo, pero la mayoría de las piezas deberán fabricarse. Para hacer esto, deberá comprar materias primas como láminas de metal o varillas de metal y asignar la tarea de hacer algo así como una jaula antivuelco a uno de los miembros del equipo. Harán el artículo dentro de un cierto período de tiempo mientras manejas otras cosas.

Las cosas que debe hacer incluyen quitar partes del vehículo o unir partes al vehículo según sea necesario, y soldar elementos al vehículo o cortar elementos del vehículo. Cada soldadura y corte ya está configurado para usted y simplemente sigue la línea indicada. Los pernos se desenroscan o se atornillan según sea necesario.

Para el día siete, su vehículo deberá haberse completado o deberá intentarlo nuevamente. El séptimo día se usa solo para actualizar el aspecto de su vehículo. Esto incluye agregar ciertas piezas personalizadas, como llantas chapadas en oro, pintar el vehículo y aplicar calcomanías.

Una vez que esté listo, tomará su vehículo para probarlo y ver si funciona. Si llegaste hasta el día siete sin que te pidan que comience de nuevo, tu vehículo funcionará. Esta es realmente una prueba en la que debes completar una pista en un cierto período de tiempo. Por ejemplo, en una misión, tendrá que recorrer una pista cubierta de nieve en su automóvil mejorado que tiene pistas de motos de nieve agregadas para ayudar con el seguimiento dentro de un cierto período de tiempo. Tienes tantos intentos como sea necesario para completar esto. Una vez hecho esto, puedes pasar a la siguiente misión.

Los desafíos de este juego son mantenerse por debajo de los $3000 al comprar/vender piezas y completar la pista al final.

Recepción
Monster Garage recibió críticas generalmente desfavorables según el sito web Metacritic. GameSpot lo criticó, diciendo que "la falta de estrategia para el juego, un diseño generalmente pobre y un sinfín de problemas de estabilidad convierten a Monster Garage en un verdadero monstruo". GameZone dice que podría tener cierto atractivo para la fantasía de construir vehículos, pero "el tiempo empleado en desenroscar los tornillos es desproporcionadamente grande en comparación con el tiempo que prueba su creación".

Referencias

Videojuegos de 2004
Videojuegos de simulación
Videojuegos de carreras
Videojuegos de Activision
Videojuegos de Invictus Games
Videojuegos desarrollados en Hungría
Videojuegos ambientados en Estados Unidos
Videojuegos basados en programas de televisión
Videojuegos con banda sonora personalizable
Videojuegos para Windows
Videojuegos para Xbox


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Phenological shifts (1)
Climate Impacts and Outlook (Opens in a new Window)
The Climate Impacts and Outlook resource offers a snapshot of recent weather events and anomalies, regional weather impacts on ecosystems and economic sectors, and a forecast for the coming three months displayed through static maps. Historical and future data are available as point, grid and polygon data. Regional impacts and outlooks are available from 2014 to 2017. Current conditions and forecasts of temperature, precipitation, drought, stream flow, winter weather, and ocean conditions are available.
Gulf of Maine Council on the Marine Environment
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Find local data is a search tool that allows users to find climate data. Users can search by geographic location, municipality, and region across Canada. Data available include several climate variables, projected over 2021-2050 and 2051-2080, under two emission scenarios, and at annual or seasonal resolutions. Future data are available as point data.
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Forest Change Data Catalogue (Opens in a new Window)
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Canadian Forest Service
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NeraCoos Data contains data products and tools summarizing eastern buoy, station, and forecasts data. Historical and future data are available as point data. Climate variables include wind speed, wind gust, air temperature, water temperature at varying depths, and air temperature; they are updated from each station and users can compare stations. Forecasts of coastal flooding and erosion, and 48-hour wave and wind are also available.
Northeastern Regional Association of Coastal Ocean Observing Systems (NERACOOS)
Regional Analysis Tool (Opens in a new Window)
The Pacific Climate Impacts Consortium's (PCIC) Regional Analysis Tool generates maps, plots and data describing projected future climate conditions for the Pacific and Yukon Region. Climate variables include temperature, precipitation, and humidity. It uses an ensemble of more than 15 Global Climate Models (GCM) and combinations of emissions scenarios provided by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Users can generate custom maps, plots and data projected to the 2020s, 2050s, and 2080s.
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Regional, national and international climate modeling (Opens in a new Window)
Regional, national and international climate modeling contains a database of numerous climate variables for Canada and the USA. Historical and future periods are available as modelled point and gridded data. Data are available as 30-year averages (e.g. 1961/90; 1971/2000, etc.), historical month-by-month (from the late 1800s), and daily values (from the 1950s) all for a number of variables, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) climate change scenarios, and climate models. Future time periods include all years to 2100 and 30-year means for 2011-2040, 2041-2070, and 2071-2100.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
The Government's EU referendum lock: giving the key to parliament and voters?
Open Europe Debate
Tuesday 16 November 12.30pm – 2pm
St. Stephen's Club, 34 Queen Anne's Gate, London SW1H 9AB
David Lidington MP, Minister of State for Europe
Kate Hoey MP, Labour MP for Vauxhall
David Rennie, Political Editor and Bagehot columnist, The Economist
Mats Persson, Director, Open Europe
Chair: James Forsyth, Political Editor, The Spectator
David Lidington
Liddington said that the Bill would:
1. provide for referenda on any important future transfers of sovereignty. He admitted that the question of deciding what constituted an important transfer of sovereignty was problematic , but pointed out that Parliament could insist on a referendum even if the executive decided there would not be one.
2. require parliamentary scrutiny and an Act of Parliament for any change to treaties however minor.
3. put into statutory form the Common Law position on Parliamentary sovereignty, namely, that any law or executive action arising from the EU by a British government would be simply a consequence of a parliament agreeing to its implementation and that the continued implementation of any law or executive action was at the will of Parliament, this to include the UK's membership of the EU.
4. not affect the convention that no parliament could bind its successors.
Liddington also stated that:
5. the coalition had made clear that they would not countenance any new Treaty or changes to existing treaties which involved further loss of sovereignty in this Parliament. (This could mean that the referendum lock was not tested until after 2015). However, he qualified the "no new treaties" by dismissing the impending Croatian accessing treaty as not involving a loss of sovereignty. This is casuistry, because any change to EU membership affects both qualified majority voting and introduces new potential large scale migration from the new member to the rest of the EU, especially the richest EU states. Both are further breaches of sovereignty.
6. the Tories had been determined to hold a referendum on the Lisbon Treaty if they had achieved a majority at the General Election. To this end William Hague had been in touch with the relevant civil servants to rescind such law as had already been passed and to prepare for a referendum bill. This I found insupportable because of Hague's refusal of a referendum in November 2009 – http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/politics/conservative/6495774/EU-Lisbon-Treaty-William-Hague-confrims-Tories-will-not-hold-referendum.html
During the question and answer session Declan Ganlan, the promoter of the RoI NO campaign during the two RoI referenda on the Lisbon Treaty, said that the Czech president Václav Klaus had told him personally that he (Klaus) would not have signed the treaty if Cameron had promised him personally to hold a referendum on Lisbon, but that Cameron had failed to make such a promise.
David Rennie
Rennie favoured the Bill because it:
1. contains a list of 56 circumstances (decided by the law officers of the government – the attorney-general etc) which would constitute a serious transfer of sovereignty.
2. would constitute a serious political barrier to any government wanting to sign up to future transfers of power because they would have to risk a parliamentary rebellion if a referendum was not offered by the government.
3. would provide a potent bargaining tool for British ministers in the council of ministers, for they could argue that if a measure was passed they would have to hold a referendum and that this would knock down unwanted proposals because the EU elite is terrified of referenda as they believe (rightly) that they would lose almost every time. Rennie said that he believes a referendum on leaving the EU would produce a NO vote because the major British parties and most of the media would be against Britain's departure, but that any other EU related proposition put to a referendum in Britain would be rejected by voters.
Mats Persson
Perrson gave a cautious welcome to the Bill which he saw as a significant check on governments, but was concerned about:
1. the scope for ministers to decide what is and what is not something worth either a referendum or an Act of Parliament. He pointed out the wording of the Bill on this point was very vague.
2. unlike any serious transfer of powers, there is no list of circumstances which would constitute insignificant change. Persson was concerned about this because of the propensity of EU ministers to start with seemingly innocuous proposals and then expand them greatly by fanciful interpretation, for example, the use of the clause in the Lisbon Treaty designed to provide assistance to EU states in emergencies, a clause clearly meant to deal with things such as natural disasters, which was used to justify the introduction of a stabilisation fund to allow Euro members to provide assistance to those in economic difficulties. This is of particular interest to the UK because ,despite not being a Euro member, the Brown government signed the UK up to underwriting the fund. The referendum lock would not apply to such instances and therefore radical extensions of EU law and authority could be made using existing EU treaties, for example, extensions of EU justice and home affairs powers using the Lisbon Treaty.
Kate Hoey
Hoey was introduced as a Eurosceptic but bridled at this, insisting she was a Eurorealist. She had little confidence in the proposed Bill because of the habit of British Governments to be spineless when dealing with Brussels. She said she wanted:
1. a referendum on whether the UK should remain in the EU.
2. the UK government to refuse to agree to any increase in the EU budget for the coming year and to refuse to pay any fine which resulted.
3. the UK Government to be generally less supine to prevent the incessant introduction of small changes which eventually added up to significant alteration in the relationship between the UK and the EU. .
Hoey got into an argument with Liddington about whether UK ambassadors had been instructed to fly the EU flag. She said she had met ambassadors who had told her they had been ordered to fly the EU flag. Liddington denied this and said it was at the ambassadors' discretion and it should never be instead of the Union flag or be flown above the Union flag.
The Question and Answer session
These important points were made or raised:
1. The Act, if passed, would simply be an ordinary Act of Parliament which could be amended or repealed at any time.
2. The Bill contained no voter initiation of referenda powers, a clear indication of the determination of the framers of the Bill to ensure the decision about referenda would be kept firmly in the hands of politicians, especially the hands of ministers.
3. The question of judicial review of a refusal by a minister to grant a referendum was raised but no clear answer was given. Liddington thought it would be, but various voices pointed out that judges had been reluctant to intervene where judicial review was thought top be a political matter. Clearly that could apply in this case.
4. Declan Ganlan detailed his experiences in the RoI referenda and described the proposed lock as no more than window dressing because of the mentality of the Euro elites who simply would not play fair on referenda.
The mood of the meeting.
This I judged to be broadly hostile to the EU and sceptical of the ability or the willingness of the our politicians to prevent further incursions into British sovereignty. My own opinio, as ever, is that nothing short of withdrawal from the EU will have the slightest effect on the inexorable movement towards a USE.
The most depressing part of the meeting was the concentration on economic considerations when it came to staying in or leaving rather than the implications for democracy and national cultures of the EU.
By Robert Henderson | Posted in Conquest by other means, Economics, Europe, Fifth Columns | Tagged internationalism, nationhood, NWO | Comments (1)


SAGA is a large skirmish game set in the dark ages, featuring clashes between wild Norsemen, Normans, Anglo-Danes and others. It utilises a unique battle-board mechanic which gives a lot of unique flavour to each faction while keeping the basic rules very straightforward.
The official website for SAGA contains a lot of information about the rules and the available forces and miniatures.


text:
Home News EuroCup Cajasol Seville will play in Eurocup
Cajasol Seville will play in Eurocup
Alberto Perez Reyes
The Sevillian team replaces Lagun Aro San Sebastian, a Spanish team that will not be able to afford to play in both the domestic league and the Eurocup.
After finishing last season at the seventh position in the league, Cajasol couldn't get a spot for the Eurocup because of Unicaja Malaga's bad year, which secured a place for the top European competition, despite finishing ninth in Spanish league, thanks to a three year contract with the Euroleague. Now, with the basque team saying no to play next year in Europe, Cajasol will have the chance to play next season again in a competiton in which the team finished as the runner-up in 2011, after losing the final game against Unics Kazan.
This new comes a few days after the closing of its roster with the last addition, the american player Brian Asbury (2'00, 1986). Continuing with this new strategy of signing unknown players, Cajasol adds a young player with experience in Israel, a country where he has always played since he left collegue three years ago.
For the first two years Asbury played in the second division in Israel, being one of the top players in the league. Last year he played for Green Tops Netanya finishing the season with the second best average ranking of the league.
In addition to this, just mention that the players already got the numbers for the next season. Taking a look to the future, Kristaps Porzingis will have his chance to play in the senior team, alongside with young players like Balvin and Burjanadze. Porzingis is considered to be one of the top european prospects to come in the next years, being 2'11 m tall and playing as a small forward. He will surely improve his game thanks to Aito Garcia Reneses, new head coach of the team renowned for his work with young players.
Previous articleFirst four could walk through Eurobasket door tonight
Next articleGustas could be heading back to Lithuania
Daily Gossip, Monday 30/6/14
Cajasol are heading to Milan
Pops lands in Seville
Unicaja fails to qualify for Copa del Rey after losing at home to Cajasol
It's time to run-and-gun!
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2018-19 7DAYS EuroCup MVP: Luke Sikma
Apr 5, 2019 14:07


Tailor Made Sale & Lettings are dleighted to offer this large 3 bedroom semi-detatched property in the desirable Eastern Green area of Coventry. Benefitting from a reception room, dining room, kitchen, 3 bedrooms & bathroom. The property also boasts a driveway & large rear garden.
Located close to local amenities & with excelent transport links, this property also falls into the catchment area for some excellent local schools.
The property is currently tenanted until the end of June 2019, then offered with NO UPWARD CHAIN.
double glazed window to the front elevation, french doors into the dining room, central heating radiator and gas fire.
Wall and base units, electric oven and gas hob, sink drainer, space for washing machine , central heating radiator, double glazed window to the rear and patio door onto the garden.
A modern four piece bathroom suite comprising a stand alone bath, corner shower cubicle, wash hand basin, WC, towel radiator and double glazed window to the rear elevation.


White Table Lamp for Enlightening Your Entire House – Every owner of a house must have wanted to have a white house with cut and clean look. Their houses do not have to too much that looks so exaggerating. Yet, they are able to think of any colors of they like to be allied as the accent of the entire living room or bedroom. What are the best alliances options for the white table lamp when you are about to plan a new house? Here is a list of few options to go when you think of white table lamp.
Choosing the color of white will obviously provide you some benefits for real. First, you have the privilege to choose other colors as the matching partner. If you choose black, you will go for the monochrome style. When you prefer pastel colors, white can also be the color to balance the colors up. Let's go back to white table lamp. Here are some options as the best ally for you.
White table lamp in the bedroom plays the significant role for most people. Moreover, for the people who spend more time at night by reading books, texting, doing projects or anything, the table lamp should have been there for the rest of the hours. The table lamp may be in the body of an acrylic or a glass which looks transparent, and then the shade may be in the tall drum shade. You can place a small square table next to you so that you can have a comfortable night reading. For the finishing touch, place a bottle vase with white pretty flowers. Voila! Your perfect and elegant bedroom is ready to use.
In order to add the elegant value of the living room, you may place the white table lamp in the middle of the table. Then you should place the sofa face to face so that the table lamp will be the center of attention. As you can see in the picture earlier, you are allowed to put a small family photo between these two table lamps. The table lamp should be in the handle that is made up of glass. It is aimed to give more elegance value to the living room. The shade should be in cone so that the living room does not look so vacant. You can actually combine anything you prefer related to white table lamp.


text:
Боронский — посёлок в Суетском районе Алтайском крае, административный центр Боронского сельсовета.

Население —  чел. ().

Физико-географическая характеристика
Посёлок расположен в Кулундинской степи, являющейся частью Западно-Сибирской равнины, на высоте 146 метров над уровнем моря. Рельеф местности — равнинный, посёлок окружён полями, в окрестностях имеются редкие осиново-берёзовые колки. Почвы — чернозёмы южные. Почвообразующие породы — глины и суглинки.

По автомобильным дорогам расстояние до районного центра села Верх-Суетка составляет 26 км, до краевого центра города Барнаула — 280 км.
Климат
Климат умеренный континентальный (согласно классификации климатов Кёппена-Гейгера — тип Dfb). Среднегодовая температура положительная и составляет +1,8° С, средняя температура самого холодного месяца января − 17,2° C, самого жаркого месяца июля + 20,3° С. Количество выпадающих осадков невелико: расчётная многолетняя норма осадков — 333 мм. В течение года количество осадков распределено неравномерно: наибольшее количество осадков выпадает летом (норма июля — 56 мм), наименьшее в конце зимы — начале весны (в феврале и марте — по 14 мм)

История
Основан немецкими переселенцами из поволжской колонии Беккердорф. Посёлок имел три названия Беккердорф (), Боронск и Дубровинский. Первые два по поволжским колониям Баронск (Екатериненштадт) и Беккерсдорф. До 1917 года посёлок относился к Добровольской волости Барнаульского уезда Томской губернии. Население посёлка было смешанным: проживали как лютеране, так и баптисты. Посёлок относился к лютеранскому приходу Томск-Барнаул. В 1927 году открыта начальная школа. В 1936 году — семилетняя школа, в 1993 году — средняя школа (с 2009 году — неполная средняя)

Население

Примечания

Населённые пункты Суетского района
Немецкие колонии в Алтайском крае


Cancer surgery is performed for many different reasons. The goal may be to remove an entire tumor, part of a tumor, or to ease cancer symptoms. Surgery may also be used as a diagnostic tool that enables doctors to learn more about a tumor in the body. The type of cancer, size of the tumor, and its location in the body are just some of the factors that go into determining what type of cancer surgery, if any, is most appropriate for a patient's specific condition. Surgery is also commonly performed in conjunction with other treatments, such as radiation and chemotherapy.
At Tampa General Hospital, we perform many types of cancer surgery, including minimally invasive surgery, and frequently use robotics during these procedures for enhanced precision. As part of our multidisciplinary approach to cancer treatment, our surgeons work closely with medical oncologists, radiation oncologists, and other cancer specialists to plan and execute the most effective treatment possible.
To discuss your options for cancer surgery, please call (813) 844-2200 and schedule an appointment with our clinic.


text:
thothkins
About thothkins
I already know this. I'd much rather read your Biography.
Squinty Ziggurat
Yes, thanks.
Egypt - 1956
Xenonauts-2 Kickstarter Now Live!
thothkins replied to Chris's topic in Development Updates
Very decent start Not having the £75/£100 looks a little unusual. But there's no point adding needless fluffery, if it's more trouble than its worth. Need to sign into a google account to vote? hmmm. The numbers have gone up rapidly even as I've typed this.
Xenonauts-2 Kickstarter coming 20th June!
Major event that happens in your home town? with some input on the type of event you'd like within the parameters of the game missions.
Xenonauts-2 October Update
Lots of interesting, positive mechanic changes in there. In particular I like the world becoming far more integral to the game, the creeping infiltration and the involvement of varied neutral missions. Some random thoughts... While having an alien boss can be used in all sorts of varied mission types and be fine, it would be nice to keep the option for multiple aliens for key missions/ random missions to keep the player on their toes and for increased difficulty levels. Having an injured squad limping to what you think is victory only to then spot another alien would add tension. It doesn't have to be hordes of them. Also keeping players on their toes would be to have some random factors in Threat. It would mean that you were never *exactly* sure when the aliens would launch an attack against you. You'd know it was close/ likely but they're ..well ... alien and a bit unpredictable. Various events could alter that Threat factor just a little, pulling it back or pushing it over that edge into an assault. Combining soldiers and staff looks really promising, resulting in a really specialised unit. In addition to the military aspects of it, it reminds me of all those pulp heroes who were as good at research as they were with a gun. Will the limit be affected if loads of people would like to name a staff member through a Kickstarter option? Players will regret putting Prof Quatermass out on a combat mission, just because they needed the warm bodies, only to see him shot though I used to avoid night missions like the plague! I really should have got some practice in
thothkins started following [v1.03 GC] Soldier doesn't get lone survivor medal if casualties survive, 2 years ago, Chris gave me his "make your dev company" fever..., XCOM: The Board Game and and 6 others July 7, 2016
Debating Xenonauts 2
Busking, garage sales, e-bay... all skills in X-Com:2 and could be ours in Xenonauts 2 too! I do agree about the tone of the art. It's one of the things I remember first when thinking about Xenonauts. I'd miss that miserable, underpaid, overworked look of my troops if it was replaced by the standard steroid abusing hero/heroines.
Since the focus of Xenonauts was always the ground missions, there's a balance to add depth and choices to the game without it getting in the way, or turning into a board game. Much like the good air combat sometimes seemed to have too much importance at times. It does a bit. But since all the nations are really stingy in funding Xenonauts in the first place, their money must be going somewhere in the face of an alien invasion. Possibly setting up their own plans and units with a view to taking advantage of the invasion, even as they fight it. You'd get to reuse a lot of the human sprites by making them enemy spies, agents or soldiers too. Just off the top, but having a politically linked world helps here. You want to help Australia because they are key US allies in Oceania. If they go, then there's a domino affect both politically and in local forces being able to coordinate defences against the aliens. A look at facilities could also help. Perhaps Australia is the place where medical research is a premium. Labs located there get a bonus to medi-kits, surgeries and later technologies such as nanotech, cloning etc. Lose them, and the technology may be found elsewhere, but it will be harder to come by. Australia is also the place where the Castlemaine XXXX non-lethal cannon to capture aliens is being developed, as everyone knows. Without changing the shape of the world's landmasses there's not much we can do about this, but perhaps the Cold War political setting might be used to add a new mechanic or adapt existing ones that makes the initial base placement less constrained? Yup, having the player not only look out for humanity, but potentially a certain part of it. This could take the part of an overarching theme of the game. But it could also be horse trading in the middle of it. The US will increase spending on that new tank technology but only if you help that Engineer escape Berlin/ rescue him form the aliens etc. The Middle East will increase funding, but only if you don't give alternate energy technology to oil dependant nations. Little deals that then affect the game, change the globe and promote those important missions.
Two questions - one, would you buy an improved version of Xenonauts again if we made it? I'd definitely buy it, or if it were to go the Kickstarter route, back it to at least the same level as before. Secondly, what annoyed you about the first game and what do you think we should improve? Probably just seeing how much that early engine decision hamstrung the game and made lots of other things so difficult. If you were free of that... then you must have simply loads of things you'd like to change. Intended Improvements: These are the improvements to Xenonauts that I'd like to make in a sequel: •Full 3D - We'd make the game in full 3D with a (90-degree) rotatable camera. I'd also want to replace soldier paperdolls and painted screen backgrounds etc on the strategy layer with 3D models. As someone has noted, there's an atmosphere around the original games. But since you know that, so I'm sure you'd know what you're after there. •Aliens - I'd like to add some more aliens, rework some of the existing ones mechanically to be more interesting and also redesign them so they look more striking and "alien" in the ground combat. I grew to quite like them. It's going to be really tough to top the X-Com greys and Chryssalids. But you had decent stand ins. A bit more oomph in their execution, losing the star trek outfits although it was nice pretending they were Wesley Crusher before opening fire:) etc. Perhaps not being able to use their weapons - leading into a more "believable" reverse engineered look for Xeno-weapons? •Research / Development - I want to add the concept of 'development' to the research tree, allowing you to continue researching "hub" technologies (like laser weapons etc) to increase their effectiveness if you choose. Choosing whether to improve existing tech or research new stuff should add more choice to the research tree. Losing the linearity of this would be good, and the hub idea opening up multiple further channels is a good start. I'm sure the economy and all the instantly appearing stuff could be looked at too. •Destructible UFOs - the UFO outer hulls should be destructible, which means we'll have to redesign them visually too. Yup, and also for the tactical changes blasted hulls made in the original. •Vertical Terrain - we should have hills etc in the game, rather than purely flat maps with buildings offering the only verticality. Definitely. A better tactical landscape offers all sorts of possibilities. •XCOM Cover System - I think the cover system in XCOM was very easy to understand and also integrated 'leaning' in an intuitive way, whereas our cover system was a bit of a mess. I think we'd probably switch to their cover system. •Soldier Colour Customisation - I want to redesign the armours so they are more recognisable from silhouette, allowing people to customise their colours of their troops (including having role-specific colour schemes). A relook at stats, skills, training, roles and customisation would be great in addition to the customisation. Having the ability to note memorable actions/mission notes for each would be nice too. UI - the existing UI is a bit of a mess, particularly with regards to the strategy layer, so we'd redo that. I was generally OK with it, but there's always room for improvement in everything. •Air Combat - I'm not sure exactly how I'd redesign this yet, but I think it could do with further improvement. I ended up really liking this. It still stands out...probably more than it was possibly intended to. •Tutorial - the game should use the Iceland Incident as a playable tutorial that explains the setting and the basic game mechanics. There's also the possibility of having a couple of things appear alter, depending on how you do in the tutorial. Certain personnel perhaps appearing later. •Modding Tools - we've been working on some pretty cool game editors and level editors, so the modding / translation / level creation tools will be much better than in Xenonauts 1 and will handle the "modular mod" stuff automatically. Always great to have. Other thoughts An more immersive cold war experience where countries shift allegiances, not only against the alien threat, but against each other would add another layer to the game. Tying resources/r&d to certain countries/ regions would be good too. Making the world part of the game, rather than just an interesting backdrop would make it a more memorable experience. Additional mission types, even if it's an increased number of secondary mission objectives. A motion scanner, sentry gun and a Reaper Hive
V1.5 Experimental promoted to Steam Stable!
thothkins replied to Chris's topic in Release Announcements
Good News. I've been holding off so I could play this version. Lots of good changes too. Thanks to everyone for all the had work.
2 years ago, Chris gave me his "make your dev company" fever...
thothkins replied to Nemeo's topic in Off-Topic
Looks good Nemeo.
Buddhist Civilians
thothkins replied to RotGtIE's topic in Off-Topic
Gah! incoming incendiary shells from tank commander Julian! Back into the building! What do mean we can't go back in because of the fire alarm? Gah! Run around aimlessly waving arms!
unrecommended practices
Quick everyone, Pancakes is coming! We need to escape. Someone set off the fire alarm
That troll is well on its way to being legless. Remember: Don't drink and smoke!
Fire in the Troll! Sorry Fire in the Hole!
Xeno kickstarter t-shirt time!
thothkins replied to Gauddlike's topic in Off-Topic
Jillickers! I'd forgotten all about goodies! I've no idea what I put down for now. I'll need to dig it out. I always meant to get round to doing a T-Shirt of my avatar actually...
thothkins replied to TrashMan's topic in Off-Topic
Different enough in tone from that edited BotP without the extra violence we got here. Ironically, to make up the time they added in 7 Zark 7 to make up the time, leading to more violent children who just wanted to shut him up.
The Drone Strike Package (for everything drone! Version 0.2)
thothkins replied to Max_Caine's topic in Modding Discussion
I didn't want to seem greedy, but I was thinking the same thing
Chameleon 4.2 - ipsfocus - broken
Chameleon 4.2 - Custom Styled (Default)
Chameleon 4.2 - CSS surgery backup
Chameleon 4.2 - backup custom copy w/ Chris styles


text:
Q: How to get previous row with certain parameters I have a pretty complicated question (At least for myself)
I have an SQL request that returns me the following table:

ID
Date
Description
rn

534
2021-01-01 4:03:14
NEW
1

534
2021-01-01 4:03:24
Payment
2

534
2021-01-01 4:04:14
Accepted
3

534
2021-01-01 4:05:23
Support
4

534
2021-01-01 4:05:32
Cancelled
5

632
2021-01-01 4:03:36
NEW
1

632
2021-01-01 4:04:12
Payment
2

632
2021-01-01 4:06:28
Support
3

632
2021-01-01 4:11:23
Cancelled
4

844
2021-01-01 5:03:36
NEW
1

844
2021-01-01 5:04:12
Payment
2

844
2021-01-01 5:06:28
Accepted
3

844
2021-01-01 5:11:23
Cancelled
4

What I need to do is to find those IDs that have Description: Cancelled, then get the previous description of the same ID.
But if previous Description: Support then I need to go to the next one.
To make it clear, here is the example of the output that I need:

ID
Date
Description
rn

534
2021-01-01 4:04:14
Accepted
3

632
2021-01-01 4:04:12
Payment
2

844
2021-01-01 5:06:28
Accepted
3

A: I assume that your table is named my_table and that by previous you mean item where rn equals rn - 1.
For the sake of simplicity I will not include the date column.
The key is to use the LAG() function of postgresql. Consider this query:
select
    id,
    description,
    rn,
    lag( description) over win as prev_desc,
    lag( description, 2 ) over win as prev_desc2,
    lag(rn) over win as prev_rn,
    lag(rn, 2) over win as prev_rn2
from my_table
window win as (partition by id order by rn)
order by id, rn

Here is its output:
id |description|rn|prev_desc|prev_desc2|prev_rn|prev_rn2|
---+-----------+--+---------+----------+-------+--------+
534|NEW        | 1|         |          |       |        |
534|Payment    | 2|NEW      |          |      1|        |
534|Accepted   | 3|Payment  |NEW       |      2|       1|
534|Support    | 4|Accepted |Payment   |      3|       2|
534|Cancelled  | 5|Support  |Accepted  |      4|       3|
632|NEW        | 1|         |          |       |        |
632|Payment    | 2|NEW      |          |      1|        |
632|Support    | 3|Payment  |NEW       |      2|       1|
632|Cancelled  | 4|Support  |Payment   |      3|       2|
844|NEW        | 1|         |          |       |        |
844|Payment    | 2|NEW      |          |      1|        |
844|Accepted   | 3|Payment  |NEW       |      2|       1|
844|Cancelled  | 4|Accepted |Payment   |      3|       2|

For each id, you see that you want the line where description = 'Cancelled' and either the value of prev_desc or prev_desc2 and prev_rn or prev_rn2.
Now we can use this query as a subquery:
select
    id,
    ( case prev_desc when 'Support' then prev_desc2 else prev_desc end ) actual_desc,
    ( case prev_desc when 'Support' then prev_rn2 else prev_rn end ) actual_rn
from
( select
    id,
    description,
    rn,
    lag( description) over win as prev_desc,
    lag( description, 2 ) over win as prev_desc2,
    lag(rn) over win as prev_rn,
    lag(rn, 2) over win as prev_rn2
from my_table
window win as (partition by id order by rn)
order by id, rn ) subquery
where ( description='Cancelled' )

Its output is
id |actual_desc|actual_rn|
---+-----------+---------+
534|Accepted   |        3|
632|Payment    |        2|
844|Accepted   |        3|

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: What does a non positive definite covariance matrix tell me about my data? I have a number of multivariate observations and would like to evaluate the probability density across all variables. It is assumed that the data is normally distributed. At low numbers of variables everything works as I would expect, but moving to greater numbers results in the covariance matrix becoming non positive definite.
I have reduced the problem in Matlab to:
load raw_data.mat; % matrix number-of-values x number of variables
Sigma = cov(data);
[R,err] = cholcov(Sigma, 0); % Test for pos-def done in mvnpdf.

If err>0 then Sigma is not positive definite.
Is there anything that I can do in order to evaluate my experimental data at higher dimensions? Does it tell me anything useful about my data?
I'm somewhat of a beginner in this area so apologies if I've missed out something obvious.

A: The covariance matrix is not positive definite because it is singular.  That means that at least one of your variables can be expressed as a linear combination of the others.  You do not need all the variables as the value of at least one can be determined from a subset of the others.  I would suggest adding variables sequentially and checking the covariance matrix at each step.  If a new variable creates a singularity drop it and go on the the next one.  Eventually you should have a subset of variables with a postive definite covariance matrix.

A: One point that I don't think is addressed above is that it IS possible to calculate a non-positive definite covariance matrix from empirical data even if your variables are not perfectly linearly related. If you don't have sufficient data (particularly if you are trying to construct a high-dimensional covariance matrix from a bunch of pairwise comparisons) or if your data don't follow a multivariate normal distribution, then you can end up with paradoxical relationships among variables, such as cov(A,B)>0; cov(A,C)>0; cov(B,C)<0.
In such a case, one cannot fit a multivariate normal PDF, as there is no multivariate normal distribution that meets these criteria - cov(A,B)>0 and cov(A,C)>0 necessarily implies that cov(B,C)>0.
All this is to say, a non-positive definite matrix does not always mean that you are including collinear variables. It could also suggest that you are trying to model a relationship which is impossible given the parametric structure that you have chosen.

A: This post was a good read. I have seen this issue multiple times when using different functions in lavaan but was never aware what exactly it meant. This was also a very nice read on the subject if you want to peruse it. I feel it gives a great summary on what exactly a positive definite matrix is, why it ends up this way, and why it is problematic:
http://www3.nccu.edu.tw/~mnyu/2020%20Latent%20Variable%20Modeling/Not%20Positive%20Definite%20Matrices.pdf


I've enjoyed creative writing ever since grade school, but never had any formal training. Of course, for better or worse, I wrote anyway. As James Baldwin once said, "If you are going to be a writer there is nothing I can say to stop you." Finally when I was in my forties I went to a writing retreat and have never been the same since. I decided to take my writing more seriously and dedicate time to reading and writing every day. I began to submit my work for publication and a flow of rejections started coming in regularly! Once in a great while I would be elated to actually have my work accepted.
Of course, most writers have a "day job" and I started working part-time when my kids started school. I've had a number of positions, mainly secretarial but also a brief stint as a police dispatcher. When a position opened up in Briggs Library on the South Dakota State University campus I realized that it might be a good fit for me. I've been working here ever since, finally ending up in the Archives.
SDSU Archives and Special Collections contains material related to the University as well as South Dakota's history and life. I can honestly say that I now have my dream job. I have the pleasure of delving into many interesting collections, including the papers of distinguished poets and writers such as Kathleen Norris, David Allan Evans, Virginia Driving Hawk Sneve, Elizabeth Cook-Lynn, and Audrae Visser. A few years ago we were honored to also acquire the records of the South Dakota State Poetry Society. This collection dovetails nicely with the papers of Evans and Visser because they both served as South Dakota's Poet Laureate. Audrae Visser was also editor of Pasque Petals, the SDSPS literary journal. Soon after receiving issues of Pasque Petals from SDSPS that date back to 1926, we digitized and made them available to view on the Digital Library of South Dakota.
Many of you have probably read poetry by Kathleen Norris and Dave Evans, but you might not know that Sneve and Cook-Lynn have also written verse. Audrae Visser was a prolific poet and has published ten books, sometimes illustrating them herself. She was a student of SDSU English Professor Dr. Charles Woodard and communicated with him for many years. He donated her work and correspondence to the Archives after her death.
Working with these documents has given me insight into different working styles, processes, and a glimpse into what motivates these poets as writers. Sometimes the ideas that I encounter in their papers inspire my own writing. An excerpt from Acedia & Me by Kathleen Norris served as a writing prompt for a blog post that I wrote titled, "How is Writing Like Burning Baskets?" Organizing the papers and researching the writers in order to write a biographical note and description of the material gives me an intimate glance into their lives that I would probably not experience unless I made a concerted effort to study them for a paper or writing project. I am honored and humbled to have the opportunity to preserve and care for their collections so that their work and their lives will not be lost to history.
Photo by Carolina Prysyazhnyuk, sourced under a creative commons license via Flickr. Post by Ruby Wilson.


A lorry driver was returning from a christening when he ran a red light in Retford and was caught drink driving, a court heard.
Arron Hayden Blakey, 26, of Rectors Gate, Retford, admitted driving over the limit when he appeared at Mansfield Magistrates' Court on Wednesday.
The court heard he was stopped by police on Albert Road, on August 1, at 1.40am, after police followed his BMW.
A breath test revealed he had 54 microgrammes in 100 millilitres of breath when the legal limit is 35 microgrammes.
Sarah Neale, mitigating, told the court Blakey drove an 18-tonne lorry to provide protection for highway maintenance crews and was likely to lose his job as a result of the conviction.
He was fined £650 and ordered to pay a victim surcharge of £65 and court costs of £85. He was banned from driving for 12 months.


At AppScale Systems, we believe in the power of open source software to improve companies, expand access to technology and change lives. Our platform was built to bring the Google App Engine development model to everyone in the world, from students in developing countries that don't have access to a credit card, to career developers working in countries where Google App Engine isn't available. Today, I'm excited to announce our next step in furthering that vision.
AppScale Systems partnering with Optimal Dynamics to power the PaaS portion of their Peer-to-Peer Cloud Computing platform, Subutai Social.
Subutai Social is the world's first Linux container-based P2P Cloud infrastructure platform that allows anyone in the world to share, barter, or rent compute resources. In the same way that AppScale provides access to GAE around the globe, Subutai Social gives developers an easy way to acquire cloud resources for building and running applications.
Imagine you're building a new application on AppScale using a local development environment (Docker, VirtualBox, etc.). When the time comes for doing your first load-test on the application, you quickly rent a cluster of machines through Subutai Social at a price much lower than your typical public cloud. Once everything checks out, you can deploy the production version of your application to Google App Engine (since AppScale and GAE support the same APIs) and use shared resources from Subutai Social to maintain backups of your app and data for redundancy. I think this is a great story, and I'm proud to be a part of it.
"P2P is all about sharing, a social activity, which has its advantages, even in small groups," said Alex Karasulu, CEO of Optimal Dynamics. "Social Cloud Computing --sharing computing on a mass scale where users contribute resources-- will have a profound impact on the way we use the Internet."
From a product standpoint, we're excited about what this will mean for our users.
"AppScale's integration with Subutai Social adds a new dimension to our platform," said Woody Rollins, CEO of AppScale Systems. "P2P Cloud computing blends the lines between public, private, and hybrid Cloud computing. AppScale's customers come to us because they love the Google model but their business requires a more flexible deployment solution. Subutai provides a whole new avenue of options. We are very excited about this collaboration and the potential of Subutai."


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It's a feeble attempt, one that does nothing to stop Tony's preparation for his onslaught, nor does it disable him in any way. Tony, for all purposes, could have easily ignored it and Azure Dragon T Shirt proceeded to devastate Cap. But he doesn't. He looks down (which in itself wasn't enough to distract him), but then proceeds to kick the injured Bucky where he lies, like some sort of feeble animal in its dying days. Only then is Cap able to, while Tony is busy kickin' it, rush Tony and ultimately best him in battle. So what's the reason Cap practically won his confrontation with Iron Man? It's Tony's egotistic, arrogant nature, without reservation. Had Tony simply not taken the time to kick Bucky, there would have been no vital distractions for Steve to prey on. And by all means, there was no need for Tony to kick a man who had lost his arm and whose best attempt at fighting was merely touching his opponent's leg, weakly. But Tony chose to, and that's extremely telling of his nature. Recall what Black Widow said to Tony shortly after the airport fight. To quote, she denounced him by stating, "Are you incapable of letting go of your ego for one goddamn second?"* The answer? He is. Enough that, even when he has the upper hand, Tony has to make it a point to shove that in his opponent's face, or in this case kick it in his stomach, despite said opponent clearly posing no threat to him. Tony is still an arrogant monster, this battle and his loss make resoundingly clear. It's his Achilles Heel, and it shows that, for all his technological dominance, it's true moral character that really wins the day.
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When an ENFP knows the how/why and where they are going, they become emotionally strong as a Azure Dragon T Shirt. Their independence takes the upper hand and fierceness emanates from them. They gain the power of objective thinking, they can let go more easily of what isn't for them, move on from co-dependent relationships and have more energy to face the obstacles standing in their way. They persist because nothing is more important than achieving what is true to their soul, and if they die on the quest be it. As long as they wake up, fight, try and get a step closer, life is worth living. What makes an ENFP weak emotionally is loss of purpose and vision. Unfulfillment comes from emptiness and under-stimulation. We get swayed with every current that comes, and turn into someone we do not recognize. Ensues laziness, procrastination, depression and destructive behaviour. So fill your life with passion, enjoyable tasks, adventures to look forward to, mindblowing conversations, disciplined self-care and commitment to a mission bigger than yourself. You mindset will become strong, and your impact boundless.
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On the morning of the fight, Mike Trent, one of Dempsey's bodyguards, gave the champion a Azure Dragon T Shirt glass of olive oil, a habit meant to aid digestion. Dempsey suffered something which doctors today believe was food poisoning. Rumors spread that gamblers had paid Trent to poison Dempsey, but nothing was ever proven. Many believed famed gangster Arnold Rothstein wasinvovled since Rothsteinhad bet $125,000 at 4 to 1 odds that Tunney would win. It started to rain as the fighters entered the ring, but Dempsey later quipped a hurricane could not have saved him. Tunney dominated the fight and won by a 10-round unanimous decision. He simply moved, and piled up points by hitting Dempsey with his jab and counters when prudent. The fight was named "Upset of the Decade" by Ring.
A little backstory to help you all undertand what made me study like a Azure Dragon T Shirt for 3 straight months to crack a job. I have a tiny friend circle of 7 people including me. Back in 2019 we were in the last year of our engineering. At first five of us got placed. Me in Infosys, 2 of them in cognizant and 2 other in TCS. Later after 2 months the remaining two got placed in Medimint and these later ones were the first to join among us back in January 2020. The rest of my friends eventually got their joining letters and by August everyone was placed in a WFH scenario except me. When the pandemic started at first to kill boredom I would invest my time in making mandalas and Zentangles but eventually got bored to the core and wasted my whole day in playing pubg and watching series. Everything was going fine. I was chilling day i n and out. Life was good, until the season of festivities kicked in.
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July 24th, 2014 at 8:32 am
How humans have changed over the past 100 years
in: Analysis,Health & Fitness,Historical Perspectives,Latest Trend,Science & Technology News
(Some) people have grown taller
People are getting taller and they are also fatter than ever and live longer than at any time in history. And all of these changes have occurred in the past 100 years, scientists say.
So is evolution via natural selection at play here? Not in the sense of actual genetic changes, as one century is not enough time for such changes to occur, according to researchers.
Most of the transformations that occur within such a short time period "are simply the developmental responses of organisms to changed conditions," such as differences in nutrition, food distribution, health care and hygiene practices, said Stephen Stearns, a professor of ecology and evolutionary biology at Yale University.
But the origin of these changes may be much deeper and more complex than that, said Stearns, pointing to a study finding that British soldiers have shot up in height in the past century.
"Evolution has shaped the developmental program that can respond flexibly to changes in the environment," Stearns said. "So when you look at that change the British army recruits went through over about a 100-year period, that was shaped by the evolutionary past."
And though it may seem that natural selection does not affect humans the way it did thousands of years ago, such evolutionary mechanisms still play a role in shaping humans as a species, Stearns said.
"A big take-home point of all current studies of human evolution is that culture, particularly in the form of medicine, but also in the form of urbanization and technological support, clean air and clean water, is changing selection pressures on humans," Stearns told Live Science.
"When you look at what happens when the Taliban denies the polio vaccination in Pakistan, that is actually exerting a selection pressure that is different in Pakistan than we have in New York City," he said.
Here's a look at some of the major changes to humans that have occurred in the past century or so.
A recent British study, published by the Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) in Bonn, Germany, showed that young men in the United Kingdom have grown by 4 inches (10 centimeters) since the turn of the 20th century.
In the study of British recruits, the average height of British men, who had an average age of 20, was about 5 feet 6 inches (168 centimeters) at the turn of the century, whereas now they stand on average at about 5 feet 10 inches (178 cm). The increase can be attributed, most likely, to improved nutrition, health services and hygiene, said the researchers from the University of Essex in Colchester.
In a number of other developed countries, people have been growing taller, too, reaching the world's current greatest average height of 6 foot 1 inch (1.85 meters) in the Netherlands. Interestingly, Americans were the tallest people in the world by World War II, measuring 5.8 feet (1.77 meters), but by the end of the 20th century, they fell behind, and the average U.S. height has stagnated, according to a study by John M. Komlos, currently a visiting professor of economics at Duke University.
And even in some of those countries where the average height has been rising, the increase has not been uniform. For instance, people from former East Germany are still catching up height-wise with former West Germans after years of communist rule, said Barry Bogin, a professor of biological anthropology at Loughborough University in the United Kingdom. And in some non-Western countries that have been plagued by war, disease and other serious problems, average height has decreased at one point in time or another. For instance, there was a decline in the mean height among blacks in South Africa between the end of the 19th century and 1970, Bogin wrote in one of his studies, published in the Nestle Nutrition Institute workshop series in 2013. He explained that the decline was likely related to the worsening of socio-economic conditions before and during apartheid.
"It shows you the power and the generation-after-generation effects of something bad that happened to your mother gets carried on to you and your children, and it takes about five generations to overcome just one generation of starvation, or epidemic illness, or something like that," Bogin told Live Science.
Unfortunately for those individuals, height seems to improve humans' quality of life and chances of survival. For instance, in the United States, taller people make more money on average, as they are perceived as "more intelligent and powerful," according to one such study published in 2009 in the Economic Record.
Everyone is getting fat
Since the 1970s, Bogin has been studying growth patterns of Maya children and their families living in Guatemala, Mexico, and the United States. When Maya people move to the United States, their kids born here are 4.5 inches (11.4 centimeters) taller than siblings born in Mexico or Guatemala. This likely results from the accessibility of more-nutritious food in the United States, for instance, through lunch programs at schools, as well as better health care, Bogin noted. The Maya kids are also less exposed to infectious diseases, which are less common in the United States than in the countries of the parents' origin.
But this increase in height comes with a high price tag.
"Not only do these Maya kids begin to look more like Americans in height, but they become even super-Americanized in their weight, by becoming overweight," Bogin told Live Science.
"People are getting fatter everywhere in the world," he said. (In 2013, 29 percent of the world's population was considered overweight or obese, according to a study published May 29 in the journal The Lancet.)
Exactly why humans are getting fatter is currently a question of heated scientific debate. Some researchers point to the traditional argument of eating too much and exercising too little as the culprit, whereas others offer alternative explanations, including the role of genetics and viruses that have been linked to obesity. The issue of excessive weight and obesity gets even more complicated, as many studies have linked being fat with poverty, which goes against a popular association of obesity and wealth.
Interestingly, the Maya kids in Indiantown, Florida, on whom Bogin focused his studies, had the highest rates of being overweight and obese of all ethnic and racial groups in the area, including Mexican-Americans, African-Americans, Haitians and European-Americans. This may have something to do with epigenetics, or heritable changes that turn genes on and off but that are not caused by changes in the DNA sequence. For instance, the environment may have caused epigenetic changes to some ethnic groups that affect how the body stores excessive energy from food, Bogin said.
"There may be an expectation that since your mother suffered and your grandmother suffered, somehow this suffering gets passed on to the current generation of children, and they kind of expect that there is going to be bad times and there is not going to be enough food," he said. "So when there are good times, eat as much as you can, and the body should preferentially store the extra energy as fat."
This mechanism of fat storage driven by a history of malnutrition or starvation may be occurring in other poor populations in the world who are becoming overweight and obese, he said.
Earlier puberty
In many countries, children mature earlier these days. The age of menarche in the United States fell about 0.3 years per decade from the mid-1800s (when girls had their first menstrual period, on average, at age 17) until the 1960s, according to a 2003 study in the journal Endocrine Reviews, which also suggested better nutrition, health and economic conditions often play roles in lowering the age of menarche. Today the average age of menarche in U.S. girls is about 12.8 to 12.9 years, according to Bogin. The onset of puberty, however, is defined as the time when a girl's breasts start to develop. In the United States, it is 9.7 years for white girls, 8.8 years for black girls, 9.3 years for Hispanic girls and 9.7 years for Asian girls.
Studies have also pointed to a link between obesity and early puberty, as girls with higher body mass indexes (BMIs) are generally more likely to reach puberty at younger ages.
"The influence of BMI on the age of puberty is now greater than the impact of race and ethnicity," Dr. Frank Biro, a professor of pediatrics at Cincinnati Children's Hospital in Ohio, told Live Science in a 2013 interview.
And earlier puberty may have long-term health consequences, Biro said. For instance, studies have suggested that girls who mature earlier are more likely than those who mature later to develop high blood pressure and type 2 diabetes later in life.
There are also social consequences of earlier puberty; in some cultures, when a girl is biologically mature, she is also considered mature enough for marriage, Bogin noted. This may mean that she will not be able to continue her education or have a career once she does get married.
Therefore, the later a girl gets her first period, the better for her overall educational and life prospects. In fact, a Harvard study published in 2008 in the Journal of Political Economy showed that, in rural Bangladesh, where 70 percent of marriages occur within two years of menarche, each year that marriage is delayed corresponds to 0.22 additional year in school and 5.6 percent higher literacy.
Longevity and its bittersweet consequences
Humans are now living longer than ever, with average life expectancy across the globe shooting up from about 30 years old or so during the 20th century to about 70 years in 2012, according to the World Health Organization. The WHO predicts global life expectancy for women born in 2030 in places like the United States to soar to 85 years. The boost in life expectancy could be linked to significant advances in medicine, better sanitation and access to clean water, according to Bogin.
Although all of these factors have also greatly reduced mortality rates from infectious diseases, the deaths from degenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's, heart disease and cancer have been on the rise, Stearns said. In other words, people are living longer and are dying from different diseases than they did in the past.
"An American baby born in the year 2000 can expect to live 77 years and will most likely die from cardiovascular disease or cancer," Bogin said.
As is often the case with biological advantages that humans sometimes gain, old age also comes with trade-offs.
"As more of us live longer, then more and more of us are encountering a death which is protracted and undignified," Stearns said. "So there are costs to all of this wonderful advance."
Autoimmune diseases such as multiples sclerosis and type I diabetes have also become more common, according to Stearns. Some scientists think the surge in such diseases is related to improved hygiene — the same factor that has allowed people to get rid of many infectious diseases, said Joel Weinstock, chief of gastroenterology at Tufts University Medical Center in Massachusetts. When the body is not exposed to any, or very few, germs, the immune system can overreact to even benign bugs, the thinking goes.
"Our theory is that when we moved to this super-hygiene environment, which only occurred in the last 50 to 100 years, this led to immune disregulation," Weinstock told Live Science in a 2009 interview. "We're not saying that sanitation is not a good thing — we don't want people to jog up to riverbanks and get indiscriminately contaminated. But we might want to better understand what factors in hygiene are healthy and what are probably detrimental, to establish a new balance and hopefully have the best of both worlds."
What is next for the human species?
It is hard so say what is in store for humans, as technology is changing the world so quickly.
"There is some fear out there that an esoteric cabal of scientists in white coats is going to take over the future of evolution with genetic engineering," Stearns said. "Whether we want to or not, we have already changed our future course of evolution, and it is not being done by some small group of people who are thinking carefully and planning, it is being done as a byproduct of thousands of daily decisions that are implemented with technology and culture."
"And we don't really know where that is going," he said, adding that, "once you accept that culture [including medicine, technology, media and transportation] has become a really strong driving force in human evolution, that is — we don't know how to predict culture."
Photo credit: Everyday Health
Via Live Science


Miss has spent her life caring for others. As a Certified Nursing Assistant, she works seven days a week: both as a full time CNA at a local nursing home plus independently as a home health caregiver.
At home, she takes care of her little sister, Cleopatra and 8-year-old cousin, Derion. Miss is also a mother-figure to her niece and new mother, Melkayla, as she begins working in home health as well and caring for a newborn daughter, Marley.
This family love playing old-fashioned games and watching television together. They also spend a lot of time going to sports games in support Derion's athletic talent.
Miss has spent so much of her life taking care of others around her, and she's also taken the initiative toward caring for herself. She learned she had high blood pressure, so she began a vigorous exercise routine that helped her shed over 60 pounds! And Miss also made the decision to improve her life as well as her family's lives by partnering with Knoxville Habitat for Humanity.
In attempt to stay as safe as possible, Miss and the children avoid going outside other than to get in and out of her car. This means that all their home time together is spent inside, and sports-driven Derion is not able to go outside and safely play as he should.
Miss has been thriving in her budget class, and loves her tutors. In fact, one of her tutors needed a caregiver for his mother-in-law, and Miss has been able to care for her so the tutor and his wife can attend church. Not only has she been able to experience blessings from others, but she's been able to be a blessing to people she's worked with during her time in the program.
It's obvious to see, when spending time with Miss and her family, that the children she cares for look up to her as an inspiration. They admire how she handles working so hard (with her two jobs and in the Knoxville Habitat program) and stays healthy while also cooking and caring for her family. "She makes it happen!" says Cleopatra.
Get the latest news and opportunities to support or volunteer with our ministry.
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Custom built 1.5 story home with high end finishes in wonderful South Sandpoint neighborhood of Maplewood Village. Home features modern design with 4 bedrooms (includes Master Suite) 3 baths, 2 car garage, kitchen with quartz counter tops, tile backsplash and stainless steel appliances. Large fenced in yard with low maintenance landscaping and drip irrigation. Enjoy the sights and sounds of the community water feature and water fall from your back yard! Custom shutter style blinds throughout home. Covered front porch. This is a very clean and well maintained home that is a must see.
Don't miss this great opportunity to own 4 Lots in Priest River, these lots are ready to build multi-units or apartment complexes on. All the utilities are on site and ready to hook-up to the city services. These lots have been approved for up to 4-plex condominium units, single family dwelling, or maybe an assistant living establishment, you have lots of options to choose from and also 24 bay storage unit on the backside of lot 1. All the lots are almost a half acre in size and mostly level very little work needs to be done to break ground. Definitely a must see!
Exceptional 1 acre building lot in Swan Shores. Includes deeded Pend Oreille river access. Located in an area of nice homes but secluded and private.Spacious building site is established and sewer and water hook-ups are included in purchase price. Filtered river views and well maintained community beach lot provides added value.
Great piece of land located in a private but easy to access location very close to The Idaho Club golf course. Don't miss this opportunity to buy a piece of quality ground in North Idaho located near the Pack River and Lake Pend Oreille access points. Property is also conveniently located about 7 miles from Downtown Sandpoint, Idaho and five miles to beautiful Hope, Idaho. Nice gravel road access to property off Hwy 200, and just minutes from thousands of acres of public land.
Stunning south facing view lot in desirable Sunnyside area overlooking Lake Pend Oreille & the Green Monarch Mountains. 1acre lot has been perc approved in past & water to be well or option to connect to community water system. Property borders Fish & Game land to waterfront with public boat launch minutes away. Located close to downtown Sandpoint & Schweitzer Mountain Ski Resort. Recently surveyed. No CCR's. Bring your plans and build your dream home!
Do not miss out on the opportunity to purchase land in the Eagle Meadows of Clark Fork! Picturesque panoramic views of the Cabinet Mountains & the Monarchs are on either side. The Clark Fork River is across the street and enjoy a public boat launch minutes away at Johnsons Creek Recreational. Nestle between the mountains & river are open meadows with beautiful trees on level ground. Your possibilities are endless. Lake Pend Oreille and its 112 miles of shoreline waiting for your exploration. River Road is county maintained which is a plus. The real bonus however; are the 240 acres owned by Idaho Fish and Game directly behind the parcel and over 5,000 acres of National Forest near by. Some of the best hunting in the northwest is right here.
You will be delighted with this gorgeous 4-bedroom, 3 bath, new home to be built in Moon Ridge Estates. Quality construction and finishes include granite or quartz counters. Bedroom count includes two with en-suite baths. Optional fireplace and a/c upgrades. All this in a prime location of upscale homes near Schweitzer Resort, trails, stores and services. No need to compromise, you've found it! Photos are of similar home recently completed, may have upgrades. HOA dues $20/month.
1-1/2 Acre parcel in the country with older Manufactured home in fair condition. Many repairs made, more to do. Borders 350+ acres of timber company land for privacy. Easy access to Coeur d'Alene and Spokane. Shed/workshop and additional 3 bay shed with shop. Nice back yard for sitting and enjoying North Idaho evenings. New pantry shed, insulated with lights and heat. Nice setting in the trees.
Lovely single level 1493 sq ft, 3 bedroom 2 bath home. Near schools and nicely situated on a generous .23 acre corner lot with towering pines. Newer brushed stainless kitchen appliance, upgraded flooring and tile countertops. New roof in 2017. New storage shed in 2015. This home has a fully fenced back yard for privacy and an inviting deck ready for BBQs and relaxation. From here you could ride your bike to Downtown, Library, Parks, City Beach and The Festival at Sandpoint. Easy access to Schweitzer Mountain. Come take a look!
Come enjoy the lakeside neighborhood of the Cottages at Crooked Ear. Filled with warm southern exposure and fresh Idaho air, this cozy neighborhood offers pure near town convenience and quality amenities like tennis, walking trails, park space, lake access for swimming and day use of the boat dock. The Cottages is located only 3 miles from the lovely borough of Sandpoint, Idaho, a town often referred to as the "Best Small Town in the USA". With all city services at the property line, you are ready to start building your new home this summer! Come drive by this one and call your agent for more details!
Builders, investors, developers, please take note-One of the largest parcels in the heart of Garfield Bay. Zoned recreation, beautiful creek front and overlooking Garfield Bay and the great Green Monarch Mountains. Five paid sewer hook-ups, approx. $16,000 each, great access, beautiful views and many development possibilities; restaurant, retail, condos, laundry mat, park- the county code has many ideas. Park, public boat launch and camping are very close. 2.19 contiguous acreage is available as well.


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Natural Gas $4.26 -0.14%
Argentina Shale Gas Investment Hinges On Stable Regulations
by Dow Jones Newswires
Shane Romig
MAR DEL PLATA, Argentina - Argentina needs stable regulations to attract the investment needed to develop its vast unconventional oil and gas resources, according industry participants.
"Shale gas and tight oil have big potential, but billions of dollars in investment are needed," Daniel Gerold, director of G&G Energy Consultants, said at a summit of business leaders Friday.
Mauro Soares, the director of non-conventional resources for local oil company Tecpetrol, said a functioning domestic oil and gas market as well as clear concession and fiscal rules are needed.
"The good news is that the geology and infrastructure is there," Mr. Soares said.
Argentina ranks third in the world, behind China and the U.S., in potentially recoverable shale-gas reserves, with 774 trillion cubic feet, according to a study last year by the U.S. Energy Information Administration. Argentina also has large quantities of shale oil.
Analysts and executives say that developing those resources will require billions of dollars in foreign capital. But unpredictable energy policies have proven a major impediment to attracting significant money to Argentina's oil and gas industry.
Earlier this year, President Cristina Kirchner expropriated a 51% stake in Argentina's largest oil and gas producer, YPF SA, from Spain's Repsol SA in a dispute over investment. The government has hinted that Repsol might not receive any compensation.
In July, the Kirchner administration ordered oil companies to submit annual investment plans for state approval. The government will also set reference prices for oil and gas that will allow producers to cover production costs and obtain a "reasonable" margin.
Regulatory uncertainty also extends to the provinces, where several provincial government's rescinded YPF concessions in the weeks before Mrs. Kirchner seized control of the company.
In April, Neuquen Province revoked Tecpetrol's concession following allegations that it and other companies had failed to invest enough to increase output.
Companies also complain in private that federal price caps on natural gas give them few incentives to invest in production and exploration.
Argentina stopped exporting gas in the middle of the last decade as it prioritized its falling gas reserves for its booming economy. Declining output and low prices that have stoked consumption have forced Argentina to import growing volumes of much more expensive gas from Bolivia and distant Trinidad & Tobago.
"Other countries are offering attractive terms to lure investment," Mr. Gerold said.
YPF is making a big push to develop its unconventional resources.
About half of YPF's long-term exploration plans are for shale gas and oil, YPF's director of strategic planning and business development, Fernando Giliberti, said at the conference.
In September, the company signed a memorandum of understanding with Chevron Corp. to explore for unconventional energy.
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Company: YPF SA more info
Argentina Shale Producers Contend with Patagonia Blockades
YPF Needs $1B+ for Shale Drilling
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US House Votes to Expand Offshore Oil Drilling
Nymex Crude Settles Lower After Four-Day Rally
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