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Dayton Memories > the old brown street nightclubs
the old brown street nightclubs
newspace12x12
7:02 PM i remember back in the 70's that there were tons of bars all up and down brown st. i don't think there's ANY left that still have their original names... was the one always called timothy's? i went to many back in the early to mid 70's but can only pull a few of the names out of the haze; the shedd, the moonlight, alexanders, and off the main drag back on jasper st. houses made into bars, the mares head, and a couple more on the same block, whose names escape me. can anyone out there please jog my memory on those or any others from those days of the old UD bar district?.... i've been told that before my time, that 'strip' extended all the way up brown to 5th st. before 35 cut through. in the current residential section, on brown just south of 5th, i remember 3 or so, the southern belle (since moved downtown on patterson blvd.), fred and sylvia's, and another one. anyone remember.. is there a thread here that documents what was in the OLD (sleazy) 5th street bar zone? funny, i don't remember it being called oregon, at least until they decided to clean up and gentrify... one more last one; was it walnut hills that was where tanks is now? then moved downtown to second st. in the early 80's? then to brown and wyoming till just a few years ago, now it's the cornerstone?
Pushall
3:19 AM The Pic Nic was in a cellar 1 street to the west of Brown there was a bar on Stewart street across from NCR. It is now called Flannigan's, before that it was Kirk's Casbah and it might have been just the Casbah in the seventies. The Oregon area was known as the Burns-Jackson district in the 60's and 70's. Walnut hill's did start out in the building Tank's is in now.
I dont believe there are any bars in the Brown street area accept for Flannigan's certainly the strip that included the Shed and the Moonlight along Brown has been cleaned up and sanitized. The cause of that would be the close of the NCR factory in the seventies and the loss of those 20000 thirsty souls 3 times a day, seven days a week and the raising of the drinking age to 21 in Ohio, which sobered up the UD student population,their sobriety such as it is.
4:40 AM Was there a club called The Station on Brown Street where the Lovers played. That group was so talented and the female singer was excellent.
6:30 AM If you remember where Ray Bryant Chevy was, Timothy's was on the same side of the street, a few blocks South. I went there a lot from about 68 through 71 and on certain nights (Wed?) they had some kind of specials - $X to get in and free beer??? Don't remember.
Going toward downtown from Ray Bryant, down past Arby's and the bowling alley was the Shed. I was in there occasionally.
My main hangouts were the Diamond Club and the Lions Den out on Wilmington.
Last Edited by on Jul 23, 2009 6:31 AM
1:29 PM There was a place on Brown near Stewart called Dottie's. At lunch time every regular, each an NCR worker, had his spot and as they came in the door, the spot was already set with a beer, a shot and whatever they always ate. The trick was to be able to eat and get half loaded in 30 minutes....
2:09 PM wow 1976-78 we use to go down to :The Echo: it was the best live music bar in town , I remember the bands were so good , I remember two bands there alot ( son a va , and Flywheel) Flywheel sounded like YES or Kansas , monday nites were drink and drown nite , $3 and all the beer you could drink , yes it was that old 3.2 beer but after 20 cups you felt it haha,. it was up the street from a second hand record store , wow loved that place , does anyone know when the echo closed?
12:14 AM I was fortunate enough to live next door to the shed. 1124 Brown street if memory serves correctly. I used to sneak over and order a pizza from the back door kitchen area. iI was like 11 years old at the time. I can remember a sausage pizza was $1.85 at the time and it was the best pizza I ever tasted. the place was owned by a man and wife in their late 20s early 30s drove a VW beetle. the wife was blonde and very cute. I had a secret schoolboy crush on her for almost a year...lol
RnRDoc57
4:59 PM "The Shed" is now called "The Fieldhouse".
I believe "The Echo" was once "The Brown Derby".
"Timothy's" is still there on Brown towards Oakwood, next to it used to be a Skyline Chili.
On Brown St. from the corner of Fairgrounds Ave. was, in order, Second Time Around, Jug & Doe's gameroom,(later to become Jupiter Sportscenter gameroom), The Submarine House, and The Wine Cellar, owned by Dennis Stewart who also later owned The Walnut Hills Bar on Wayne (now Tank's). Now, Second time Around expanded into the gameroom, then The Sub House, and UDesigns Hair Salon.
12:04 PM This place wasn't on Brown Street, but was definitely a great hangout when I went to UD. THE BOOKSTORE! Anybody else remember it?
roge
6:48 PM There was a bar night club just off of Brown St at Warren and Green St called the Tiki Club which later became The John
6:29 PM Union Depot! Alexanders, Mares Head, Picnic, Dotties!
9:00 PM Loved the Shed!!!!!
7:50 AM I worked the door at Dottie's along with Bill Sage in 1974 Dottie's Son Joe and I were good friends. if I wasn't in Dottie's you could find me in the Moonlight.
I lived in the UD ghetto I kept my Ford stationwagon parked beside Dottie's and rode my motorbike most of the time. but it was usually chained to the light pole in front of Dottie's Brown st. was a great place to hang out back then.
I have some Great memories from then
11:16 AM Someone mentioned above the bands Sonofa (SIC) and Flyweil. They are the same band as far as I know. Flyweil later moved out to the West Coast and opened for Peter Frampton at one time. You can see Flyweil on YOUTUBE and they are really good!
8:01 PM OK, five years later, but Fran: My dad owned The Bookstore. Glad you enjoyed it! (I was just a kid, but I remember tagging along with him a few times, when he'd go in to do office work before the bar opened, and playing the pinball machines, the little bowling machine and the jukebox.)
joey m
8:22 AM Wolfcreek I think I knew your dad. Did he go by Sparky.
9:41 AM He sure did, Joey.
Redfestiva
11:47 AM When did the BOokstore close? I lived above the New Moon Saloon for awhile. It was on Brown st. next to the bowling alley and across from Red Barn.


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Two-toed Sloth
Choloepus hoffmanni, C. didactylus
ORDER: Pilosa
FAMILY: Megalonychidae
GENUS: Choloepus
SPECIES: hoffmanni (Hoffmann's two-toed sloth) and didactylus (Linnaeus's two-toed sloth)
"Leaf it" to the sloth: Thousands of years ago, large ground sloths roamed the United States. They ranged in size from an average-size dog to that of an elephant. These ground sloths had long claws and ate plants. They became extinct about 10,000 years ago. Present-day sloths are much smaller, and live in trees. The anteater is their closest relative.
In a nutshell, sloths are slow-moving, nocturnal creatures that spend almost their entire life upside down in the trees. They eat, sleep, mate, and give birth from this position hanging high among the branches. Sloths are the only mammals whose hair grows in the opposite direction from the hair of other mammals. To accommodate their upside-down lifestyle, the hair parts in the middle of the belly and grows upward toward the back. The hair on the face points upward, too. This allows water to run off during rainstorms!
Each strand of sloth fur has grooves that collect algae, giving sloths a greenish tint during the wet season. Two-toed sloths rarely descend to the forest floor. To move to a new area of trees, sloths often wait for the forest to flood and then swim to their next home.
Big forest cats like jaguars and ocelots, birds of prey such as harpy eagles, and large snakes like anacondas prey upon sloths. They defend themselves with their sharp claws and teeth. And, if needed, sloths can move quickly through the trees.
If our own body temperature changes more than five degrees, it means we are sick! The two-toed sloth is different. It has the lowest and most variable body temperature of any mammal, ranging from 74 to 92 degrees Fahrenheit (24 to 33 degrees Celsius). If there is a long period of cool, rainy weather, a nursing female can get too cold. This causes the bacteria in her stomach to stop working, so the mother can no longer digest her food. The young continues to nurse as its mother starves to death. This chilling phenomenon is called cold-weather orphan syndrome, as sometimes the youngster falls to the ground and needs to be rescued by humans.
Sloths live in trees in the tropical and cloud forests of Central and South America. Their curved, sharp claws are 3 to 4 inches (8 to 10 centimeters) long. These claws are handy for hanging onto tree branches but make walking on the ground awkward. Yet sloths are great swimmers and can drop from a tree into a river to swim across it while doing the breaststroke! When sleeping, sloths often curl up in a ball in the fork of a tree.
With a muscle mass of only 25 percent (most mammals have twice as much), sloths can't shiver when it's cold. But they weigh much less than other wildlife their size, which is helpful for life in the trees. Sloths can grab the leaves and shoots on high, narrow branches that others can't reach. Two-toed sloths have two toes with claws on the front feet and three toes on the back feet, used to hang upside down from branches. (Three-toed sloths have three toes on their front AND back feet.)
Sloths look like some kind of slow-motion monkey and have long had a reputation for being lazy. The reason they move so slowly has a lot to do with what they eat: a variety of leaves, stems, buds, and some fruit. This kind of diet requires a special digestive system. Sloths have a large, four-chambered stomach, like a cow. Bacteria in their gut help digest the large amount of plant matter they eat. Due to the low nutritional value of their leafy diet, sloths usually move at a leisurely pace and sleep a great deal. They sleep 15 to 18 hours per day and (slowly) look for food at night. Even their innards move slowly, and some food items can take an entire month to digest! This slow metabolism helps sloths survive injuries that would kill other wildlife.
A two-toed sloth enjoys a fresh apple.
At the San Diego Zoo, two-toed sloths eat low-starch, high-fiber biscuits, fresh fruits and veggies, and a variety of fresh browse.
Sloth romance: These ponderous mammals spend most of their time alone. But when a female is ready to breed, she lets out a nighttime "scream" that alerts any interested males. If more than one male reaches her at the same time, they slowly fight each other while hanging by their rear legs! Winner takes all, and several months later, the female gives birth (while upside down) to a single offspring.
The youngster must grab onto its mother's hair at birth and find its way to her nipples to nurse. The mother's body position looks like a comfortable hammock of sorts as baby rests on her chest. The baby begins sampling solid foods at about 10 days but still nurses for about a month. After that, the youngster continues to cling to its mother's belly but eats whatever she eats. It first hangs upside down on its own at 20 to 25 days.
A baby two-toed sloth holds on tight to its mother.
The sloth youngster stays with its mother for six months to two years, depending on the subspecies. It then "branches off" to live on its own. The young inherits a part of the home range left vacant by the mother, as well as her taste for certain leaves. Several sloths can live in a similar home range without competing for food or space.
A sloth's voice sounds like the hiss of a deflating balloon, but they can also squeal and grunt as needed. A low bleat signals distress—sloth ears are most tuned to low-frequency sounds. The sloth has an excellent sense of smell. Males scent mark on tree branches from a gland on the rump.
Deforestation and other forms of habitat destruction remain threats for the sloth. Other human-made threats include power lines and roads. Educating children and adults in the sloths' home countries about their importance to the ecosystem—and how to treat sloths respectfully—remains a challenge for those who want to help this unique and wonderful creature.
Both types of two-toed sloth live in zoos. Yet identifying the two has always been problematic—they look alike! Based on the genetic information, a senior research associate in our Genetics Division designed a low-cost, easy-to-use genetic tool to identify two-toed sloths and improve management of the population in expert care. This tool allows visualizing DNA differences between species in a polymer matrix, a procedure that uses non-sophisticated tools in simple laboratory settings.
Median life expectancy is 15 years
Gestation: 7 to 10 months, depending on species
Weight at birth: 12 to 16 ounces (350 to 454 grams)
Age of maturity: 2 to 5 years; females mature sooner than males
Length: 21 to 29 inches (54 to 74 centimeters)
Weight: 10 to 20 pounds (4.5 to 9 kilograms)
With their low-energy diet of leaves and occasional fruit, sloths move slowly and sleep 15 hours a day to conserve energy.
Organs such as the heart, liver, and spleen are placed differently in sloths than in other mammals to accommodate their upside-down lifestyle.
Sloths have a powerful grip: their long claws curve around tree branches like a safety harness. Even after a sloth dies, it sometimes remains hanging in the trees with its death grip.
Eucalypt
Woma Python

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


If you hopped on the #DeleteUber bandwagon, Lyft has your back. Today, the company announced that it is coming to more than 50 new cities and four new states. That brings the number of cities where you can get a Lyft to a whopping 300.
The expansion is Lyft's largest to date, and follows last month's massive 40-city launch. Some of the new locations where riders can tap to hail a Lyft include Fort Myers, FL, Fredericksburg, VA, Kalamazoo, MI, and Iowa City, IA.
The positivity surrounding the announcement must sting a bit for Uber, which has faced backlash since President Trump took office and, more recently, over accusations from a former employee about a sexist workplace culture.
Long Lyft, Short Uber. Two headlines today "Uber: Women either 'drink the Kool-aid' or suffer" and "Lyft announces huge Midwest Expansion"
Amid concerns about Uber's treatment of women, Lyft posted a profile promoting one of its female drivers.
Of course, Lyft, like Uber, has faced its own fair share of negativity over the years. But for those looking for a local ride sharing service that isn't Uber, Lyft may be increasingly appealing.


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HomeNewsDavid Moyes starts work at Manchester United early?
David Moyes starts work at Manchester United early?
20 May, 2013 RedManc News 0
David Moyes this morning arrived at Carrington Training Complex for the first time since it was announced he would take over as Manchester United manager from Sir Alex Ferguson.
Moyes' six-year managerial contract does not officially start until July 1st 2013, but appears meetings and scheduling will take place early.
Speaking yesterday, Moyes said:
"I'll probably be doing two jobs for the next week or so,I'll go into Finch Farm [Everton's training ground] some of the days next week and make sure everything's in place for whoever the incoming manager is.
Most of it is anyway, but I'll just make sure that everything's as ready as I can leave it."
Manchester United's under-21s play in their national final this evening against Tottenham Hotspur at Old Trafford, it is rumoured that David Moyes will be present to observe the younger generation of Manchester United.
Video Highlights: West Brom 5-5 Manchester United
PICTURE: David Moyes starts work early with Manchester United
Moyes confirms Fab bid, FC Barcelona in no rush to accept
22 July, 2013 RedManc Transfers 6
David Moyes this morning confirmed that Manchester United have put in an improved £30million bid in for Cesc Fabregas, but FC Barcelona will await the appointment of a new coach until they respond to the […]
David Moyes sends message to the fans asking for support
7 March, 2014 RedManc First Team 6
In the latest '12th Man' newsletter, that is sent to all Manchester United season ticket holders, manager David Moyes has requested support from the fans and believes that the club will come good in the […]
David Moyes "Wayne Rooney didn't deserve to be on the losing team"
22 September, 2013 RedManc First Team, News 14
Manchester United put in a disappointing performance in their 4-1 defeat to Manchester City on Sunday, but David Moyes admitted that Wayne Rooney didn't deserve to be on the losing side after working hard for […]
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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Comptroller: Property Tax Levy for Schools Capped at 2%
Ithaca Man Lies to Police; Flees and Fights Officers January 31, 2023
Two Arrested by Sheriff on Animal Cruelty Charges January 31, 2023
Gas Prices Rising; Cortland County Remains Unchanged January 31, 2023
Local News here on WXHC.com is brought to you by:
The New York State Comptroller's office has announced that the property tax levy growth for school districts will be capped at 2%, which is the same as last year.
"School and local communities are still navigating the post-pandemic needs of their students and residents while dealing with high rates of inflation and employee turnover," NY Comptroller DiNapoli said. "School district and municipal officials must exercise fiscal prudence to stay under the cap amid these challenges as they prepare their budgets."
The tax cap first came into effect back in 2012. The cap limits annual tax levy increases to the lesser of the rate of inflation or 2% with certain types of exceptions.
cortland county, NY Comptroller, School Tax Cap, X101 News


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I am thinking this week about the events of "palm Sunday" as recorded in Matthew 21. What stands out in my mind is the strange incident of Jesus cursing a tree. It is strange because why would Jesus get mad at a poor little tree?
So the first circle is to think about that tree and see that it is not about a tree, but it is a symbol. It did not have fruit and for that was cursed. So Jesus came to the center of the nation of the people of Abraham, of those called to be a great nation and a blessing to the world, and he looked there for fruit.
Circling around again, we see that there was a lot of apparent fruit at the arrival – a parade and shouts of hosanna. Yet we know from Holy Week activities that Palm Sunday is followed in 5 days by Good Friday. Jesus went from being a Popular Hero to Condemned and Abandoned faster than could be imagined.
There are those who come in faith and are welcomed by Jesus and there are those who are angry and reject Jesus.
Jesus circles past the temple, the place that is a living enactment of his ministry – a place for worship where one gets close to God via the priesthood and the sacrifices given there. Jesus is proclaimed as the sacrifice and the High Priest what brings God close to us in his incarnation and us close to God by paying the ransom that was required to make peace with God.
He sees it and turns it over as a place that has missed it's calling. There is a lot of business and there are many people. It is like one of those churches that has become adept at putting Bottoms in the pews and Bucks in the offering. Yet, it had missed its purpose – to be a house of prayer. This overturning of the temple is another circle.
So the fig tree exists to produce fruit. The Temple existed to produce prayer. when they failed in their mission they were judged.
What is it then, as we come full circle, What is it that the Lord looks for in us? what is the fruit we are to produce?
Circling back in Matthew there is John's call to repent and produce fruit in chapter 3. Jesus twice spoke of good and bad trees that either produce good or bad fruit – chapter 7 and 12. The parable of the sower is about how the seed and produce fruit that multiplies to up to 100 fold.
Is this fruit numerical? we should see hundreds not a few followers? Is the fruit spiritual – we think of the fruit of the spirit mentioned in Galatians. Is it as simple as faith and love, which are the two evidences of faith that Paul cites at the start of his various letters to the churches.
Like the icon on my computer which indicates a process and a search ongoing, I am circling around this question of fruit.
Coffee shops are strangely stimulating bc of the coffee and the buzz of people.
Context is important, and reading the short passage in its natural habitat gives a more natural reading.
Go ahead and color in your Bible! I do.
Kindness is an idea that is easy and hard at the same time. It is easy because everyone agrees about this topic. It is hard because it is harder to do than it is to say.
I. Everyone likes Kindness. Acts 10:1,2 – 1 At Caesarea there was a man named Cornelius, a centurion of what was known as the Italian Cohort, 2 a devout man who feared God with all his household, gave alms generously to the people, and prayed continually to God.
Cornelius was a Roman soldier. In many places soldiers like Cornelius are cruel or greedy. They take advantage of their power and ask for bribes and favors.
This makes the point that everyone likes kindness.
Here is how Peter described Jesus ministry. Acts 10:37–38 (ESV) – 37 you yourselves know what happened throughout all Judea, beginning from Galilee after the baptism that John proclaimed: 38 how God anointed Jesus of Nazareth with the Holy Spirit and with power. He went about doing good and healing all who were oppressed by the devil, for God was with him.
Jesus was anointed. We remember that the Holy Spirit came on him at his baptism. That was when his ministry began; Jesus did all his works through the guidance and the power of the Holy Spirit.
He went about doing good and healing all who were oppressed by the Devil. . Jesus healed every person who came for help. One time it was so crowded that they made a hole in the roof and let down a man who could not walk. One time he was so busy his family came to take him home because they thought he was going to do crazy.
God was with him. Jesus had the power of God to heal people by touch or by words.
Some days he was busy from morning to night teaching and healing. One time they tried to take time off for a retreat. But the people followed him into the wilderness. So he not only taught them, he also fed the crowd with bread and fish that he multiplied by prayer.
Do you think we should only be kind to people who are Christians? Jesus was kind to all people.
Do you think we should only tell people words about God? Jesus gave words, but he also prayed, touched, healed, counseled and fed the people.
III. The problem with kindness is "Who is willing to be first." What I mean is, who is willing to be the first to show kindness, even when the others are unkind or greedy?
There is a solution: God is first. God has already shown us kindness.
Natural Gifts: The apostles taught that God gave good thing and even gave joy, so that people who look for him and fine life. When Paul and Barnabas healed a sick man in one town, the people thought they were Gods and wanted to worship them. They said, NO. We swerve the living God. Then this is how they describe God – God is Kind.
Spiritual Gifts: With rain and good crops we can have joy when we eat and are filled. But then we are hungry again. He sends rains we we have water to drink, but then we get thirsty again. Jesus said to the woman of Samaria, that God can give us what makes us happy forever.
God started kindness by giving the gift of Salvation in Jesus to the entire world.
God has already started. We only continue to share the kindness of God with others. That can be cold water on a hot day. It can be food to fill the stomach. It can be the Gospel to satisfy our souls.
What is more, we have the answer to the supply of kindness. When we share what God has given to us, he replaces it. It is like a river of water, when we give water away to drink, there is more and more and more.
Therefore, brothers and sisters, Be kind because God is Kind. "We love because he first loved us." I John 4:19.
The Bible has a number of sayings that remind us to be patient. Here are three from the book of Proverbs.
but a quick-tempered man displays folly.
We wait. Not because we are unable to decide or because we are afraid to act. We wait because it is smarter. Sometime the situation out there is clearer with time. Sometimes our own thinking gets cleare with time. So when we wait, the offense itself is seen to be small. Or maybe the offender changes his ways.
a man who controls his temper than one who takes a city.
Soldiers have to be able to charge a hill or take a city. But often it is wiser to wait. President Eisenhower when against every general on his council when he decided NOT to invade China. They thought it would be easy, he knew how hard it is to invade a continent. One man with patience outweighed many soldiers.
it is to his glory to overlook an offense.
Patience has a kind of Glory – the glory of those who do not need to always be #1, but are willing to be vindicated by time.
Seeds, bread, art, transmission rebuilds, presidential campaigns, raising kids, getting to know your spouse, family dinner, sermon preparation, becoming mature, becoming a friend, grief, recovery from addiction, reading a book, memorizing a passage, helping a friend, effectively serving the poor, making beautiful music and pitching a shut out.
Some things don't: tweeting, net surfing (unless you do a lot of it), McDonald's, starting a fight, losing a baseball game, jumping to conclusions, judging, first impressions, saying something you'd regret, tweeting, blogging, emailing something you will regret, forgetting what you just watched on TV and deciding to stay home this Sunday.
What does peace have to do with a bagel?
We have a local bagel place that sells the "everything bagel". It has all the toppings on it at once: toasted garlic, onions, sesame and poppy seeds, caraway and kosher salt. Some days it is the best thing since….sliced bread.
Peace (shalom) in the bible is neither only about political peace (lack of war) nor is it about only personal peace (tranquility.) we sometimes choose the A or the Z of peace, wither politics or personal well-being.
Peace is about the A to the Z and all the letters in between. It is a comprehensive state of welling being, harmony and healthy relationships: individually, inter-personally, inter-nationally, inter-culterally, within the family, within the church, within the community. In short it is the Everything Bagel.
I take my toasted with hummus.


How do I apply for my UBCcard?
Where do I pick up my UBCcard?
You may pick up your UBCcard at the UBC Carding Office, located in the UBC Bookstore at 6200 University Blvd.
What do I need to bring with me to pick up my UBCcard?
It is mandatory that you bring your UBC identification number and one piece of government-issued photo identification (passport, driver's licence, BC Identification Card, etc.) for identity verification (high school identification cards and student transit cards are unacceptable). Individuals unable to provide the appropriate requirements listed above will not be issued UBCcards.
Who is eligible for a Student UBCcard?
You must be registered in at least one UBC course in order to be eligible for a Student UBCcard. If you are unsure of your eligibility, please contact the Student Service Centre located in Brock Hall.
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All current UBC Faculty and Staff Appointees are eligible for UBCcards.
What can I do with my UBCcard?
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Yes, your UBCcard is required for official identification on campus and is required during exams.
How much does the UBCcard cost?
There is no cost for your first UBCcard and those cards replaced due to loss of function due to wear and tear, status and/or name changes.
A $15.00 replacement card fee applies to lost and stolen UBCcards. These fees are subject to change without notice.
What happens if I change my student status or my name?
Replacement cards will be issued at no charge if you change your student status (e.g. "Undergraduate" to "Graduate") or name. Legal name changes must be updated with UBC Enrolment Services for students and Human Resources for faculty and staff before a new UBCcard can be obtained. Please note that status and name changes cannot be altered manually at the Carding Office, and that you must turn in your current card to avoid paying the card replacement fee.
How many times can I retake my digital photo?
Unless the cardholder's eyes are closed, digital photos retakes are subject to a $15.00 replacement card fee.
What happens when my UBCcard expires?
Cardholders may apply online to renew their UBCcards or visit the Carding Office, located inside the Bookstore, beginning two months prior to the expiration date located on the back side of the UBCcard. Departmental services associated to the UBCcard, including keyless door access to departments/buildings, library services, entry to facilities, access to meal plans, and funds associated to your account will not be affected if your UBCcard has expired.
What do I do when my UBCcard is damaged?
UBCcards have an expiration date of up to five years unless otherwise indicated. UBCcards are scanned prior to distribution to cardholders to ensure that they will facilitate departmental services including library access, keyless door access, access to meal plans and/or campus facilities. It is the responsibility of the cardholder to ensure the safety of her/his card and to prevent damage of it. Cardholders may not alter their UBCcards in any way. Adhering stickers and/or punching holes into UBCcards will damage and may deactivate the card.
I am a newly appointed UBC employee who has not yet been entered into the UBCcard system - What do I do?
The UBCcard Program retrieves all employee information from UBC Human Resources' database. New employees may not appear in the database given the large number of new faculty and staff that arrive on campus at the beginning of each term. Individuals requiring immediate access to Library services are asked to contact their department administrators to obtain an "Early ID" through UBC HR.
What is your policy for religious headcovering and photo specifications?
full facial features. The UBCcard office can provide a female staff member to take a photo in private if you are unsure of what will be considered an approved photo.
What is the U-Pass and how is it connected to my UBCcard?
U-Pass BC provides unlimited bus, SeaBus, SkyTrain, and Canada Line transit services within Metro Vancouver, as well as discounts on West Coast Express. All eligible students at UBC's Vancouver campus have access to the U-Pass BC program. To be eligible for a U-Pass, you must have a student number, which is on the front of your UBCcard. Additionally, you must carry your UBCcard on you when using transit, as you may be asked to prove the ownership of the U-Pass by Transit authorities.
How is my U-Pass connected to the Compass Card?
Students load their U-Pass BC onto an adult-class Compass Card, which are available from any SkyTrain Station and TransLink Fare Dealers including the UBC Bookstore. The U-Pass BC program currently costs $39.50 per month and is assessed as part of student fees. The Compass Card allows commuters to quickly tap in and out when using transit.
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Risa Cromer received her Ph.D. from The Graduate Center of the City University of New York in 2016 and is completing a postdoctoral fellowship at Stanford University in the Thinking Matters program and Stanford Center for Biomedical Ethics. She will be joining the Purdue University faculty in Fall 2019.
Risa Cromer is an anthropologist of biomedicine and feminist science and technologies scholar whose research investigates the intersections of reproductive medicine, technologies, and politics in the United States. Her current research brings ethnographic attention to bioethical controversies concerning the fates of frozen human embryos left over from in vitro fertilization procedures that are preserved for potential future use. Cromer's field sites span fertility clinics, stem cell laboratories, Christian adoption agencies, and long-term cryostorage facilities, through which she foregrounds how medical, moral, and market forces conspire in the management of life itself. Intersectional analyses of gender, race, disability, sexuality, and class are important to how she thinks, mentors, and teaches. She has a B.A. in Gender Studies from Willamette University and a Graduate Certificate in Women's Studies from the CUNY Graduate Center.
Engaging in community challenges provides an essential complement to her formal training in anthropology. She has contributed to team research projects concerning mental health issues among veterans at the Portland Veteran Affairs Medical Center (2013-2016) as well as in grassroots efforts around reproductive justice.
Extramural Grant Support: Cromer's research has been supported by the Woodrow Wilson Foundation, the Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research, the Brocher Foundation, Stanford University, and the City University of New York.


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Peter, did you ever live in Bermuda? You remind me of a Peter I knew while I lived there in the early 90's but I am thinking that this must be a mistaken identity. Curious if you are the same person…?
Never lived in Bermuda I'm afraid.


Call them the party crashers. In the second annual Poets&Quants ranking of the best online MBA programs, three universities surpassed last year's dominant winner, Carnegie Mellon's Tepper School of Business. And two of them came out of nowhere.
The University of Southern California Marshall School of Business topped our 2019 ranking with its novel, fully in-house online MBA program. Launched in 2015, the program didn't have enough alumni to participate in last year's inaugural P&Q online MBA ranking — but this year it had plenty, and the overwhelmingly positive alumni satisfaction rates helped to propel USC Marshall's online offering to a first-place finish.
Up next, Auburn University's Harbert School of Business catapulted from 10th in last year's ranking to second, passing last year's first- and second-place finishers. Auburn was followed by Indiana University's Kelley School of Business in third and Carnegie Mellon in fourth. Lehigh University rounded out the top five, rising one spot from last year's sixth-place finish.
Finishing in the top 10 this year were the online offerings from No. 6 University of North Carolina's Kenan-Flagler Business School, No. 7 University of Florida, No. 8 University of Nebraska at Lincoln, No. 9 Hofstra University's Zarb School of Business, and No. 10 University of Dallas' Jindal School of Management.
In all, 35 U.S. business schools met the criteria to be ranked by Poets&Quants. Those 35 schools completed a highly detailed survey, and all — with the exception of Louisiana State University — allowed us to survey their alumni. Given the relative newness of online degree programs and the lack of resources often devoted to them, many schools do a mediocre job of tracking their alumni and following up with them. That makes effectively surveying alumni more difficult and it's why these top-ranked schools stand apart from the crowd. Among the 34 schools surveyed, 1,297 out of 7,095 alums responded, for a response rate of a little more than 18%.
Like last year's debut ranking, schools were measured on three equally weighted parts: admissions standards, an alumni assessment of the program's academic and extracurricular experience, and career outcomes (see How We Crunched The Numbers).
Among admissions data, we examined the average undergraduate GPAs of students, the average work experience of the most recently accepted class, the acceptance rate for applicants, and average class scores on standardized tests, the GMAT and the GRE. This year we also gave schools credit for enrolling students who did not submit a standardized test but who had 10 or more years of experience, a change from the debut ranking that was made in consultation with several schools. The programs with the highest admissions standards were USC Marshall, Indiana Kelley, Texas Jindal, Wisconsin, Massachusetts, and Carnegie Mellon.
For the online MBA experience, we relied on alumni answers to 11 questions that probed the essence of their education, from the quality of professors and class projects to their fellow classmates (see How Online MBA Alums Rated Their Schools). Topping the list for the best online academic and extracurricular experience were Hofstra Zarb, the Jack Welch Management Institute, USC Marshall, Auburn, Carnegie Mellon, and Indiana Kelley.
For career outcomes, we asked alums if the program helped them to achieve a salary increase or promotion at work, whether it allowed them to accomplish their primary and secondary professional goals, and how well career services worked on their behalf. USC also showed up at the very top for career outcomes, followed by Hofstra, Texas Jindal, Auburn, Lehigh, and Kenan-Flagler.


text:
Intercepting UHF RFID signals through synchronous detection
Alexey Borisenko1,
Miodrag Bolic1 &
Majed Rostamian1
Recently, augmented ultrahigh frequency radio-frequency identification (UHF RFID) systems have been developed, and they contain additional components that can detect a tag's backscattered response and use this information for the localization of the tag and other applications. The methods currently employed either have poor performance because the detection of the tag's response is based on envelope detection or are costly because they are based on software-defined radio. The solution proposed in the paper is to use a method called synchronous detection to intercept tag signals. Using synchronous detection, we were able to use a conventional UHF RFID reader integrated circuit for the method, leading to a cost-effective, high-performance solution. We performed an analysis of its read rate and read range performance. The analysis showed that our receiver is capable of receiving tag signals with a read rate of 50% for passive and 66% for semi-passive tags at a 1-m distance between the tag and the receiver and is capable of receiving tag signals at a maximum distance between the tag and the receiver of 3.25 m for passive and 5.5 m for semi-passive tags, with the reader being within 8 m of the receiver. This augmented RFID system has a potential to facilitate localization and prevent the cross-read problem in RFID-based portals. In addition, it can be used as a protocol analyzer as well as a component of future Internet of Things.
Radio frequency identification (RFID) is a wireless automatic identification technology that uses radio waves to automatically scan and identify individual or bulk items [1]. In this paper, we will consider only passive ultrahigh frequency (UHF) RFID systems. A complete RFID system typically consists of a reader, one or more tags, and software for controlling the reader and processing the information. While a simple RFID system can help identify an item, only a coarse-grained awareness of its location can be achieved, i.e., the tag is located somewhere in the interrogation zone of the reader. For some applications, for example, the Internet of Things (IoT), more accurate localization is needed [2].
One approach to localization is the proximity method, which is easy to implement and is less affected by dynamic changes in the environment. This method requires scattered receivers to be deployed. The location of the tag is estimated as the location of the receiver that receives the tag response. The receivers on the market today are not suitable for this method to be implemented. Our goal is to implement a receiver for proximity methods for UHF RFID systems.
There are currently two receivers that detect signals from passive UHF RFID tags, which can be used for proximity localization: the Astraion Sensatag [3] and the Gen 2 Listener [4]. These designs have different architectures and implementations. The Sensatag uses an envelope detection architecture, has the advantage of simple implementation and low cost, but has poor sensitivity and selectivity. The Gen 2 Listener is a software-defined radio, based on the GNU Radio toolkit and running on the expensive Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP, Ettus Research, LLC, Mountain View, CA, USA) hardware. It offers good performance, but the high cost of the hardware prohibits it from being widely deployed.
In this paper, we introduce a novel device into the RFID system which can intercept UHF RFID tag signals called the augmented RFID receiver (ARR). This device uses a method called synchronous detection to overcome challenges associated with intercepting tag signals using a non-envelope detection scheme. Two main challenges that have been addressed are frequency offset, which occurs because there are two different clock sources: on the transmitter and receiver, and frequency hopping, which makes determining the channel of the tag transmission difficult. To showcase the device, the performance of the implementation was compared to the other two outlined solutions: the Sensatag and Gen 2 Listener. A comparison of the read rate and range of the implementations was made.
The 'Background and related work' section shows related work in the field. The challenges of such a system are presented in the 'Challenges' section. The solution we propose to overcome these challenges is presented in the 'Synchronous detection - the solution' section. The implementation of the receiver is described in the 'Implementation' section. The 'Experimental results' section details the tests performed; the next section is the 'Applications' section, and last is the 'Conclusions' section.
Background and related work
Donno et al. [4, 5] proposed an RFID receiver system, based on GNU Radio and implemented on a USRP. The receiver had a matched filter and a channel selector implemented in a digital radio. The applications proposed in other papers about localization, suggested implementation of a set of receivers for multilateral RSS-based localization, and protocol analysis. Further research was conducted in [6], where the system was used to evaluate the performance of a UHF RFID system. The use of the USRP makes the device expensive, especially if multiple devices are used to implement the anchor points.
Another device is implemented in [3] called the Sensatag. There, a special tag acts as a proximity-based localization device. The device can detect the responses of the tags and embed the detected electronic product codes (EPCs) into the tag's own EPC. The tag is battery-powered and has an field gate programmable array (FPGA) on board. Due to the power-hungry FPGA, the device suffers from short battery life.
Sensatag and Gen 2 Listener are based on different architectures. The Sensatag uses an envelope detection architecture, suffering from poor sensitivity and selectivity but has simple implementation and low cost. The Gen 2 Listener is a software-defined radio, based on the GNU Radio toolkit, running on the USRP. The USRP hardware is expensive but is flexible and offers good performance. The solution in this paper uses a direct conversion architecture.
The Astraion Sensatag is read by a standard EPC Gen 2 reader. The data Sensatag receives is encoded into its own EPC, through a technique called piggy backing [7]. The Gen 2 Listener runs directly on a PC, so any kind of interprocess communication is possible.
Table 1 compares the existing receivers with the proposed implementation. Note that Architecture concerns the radio architecture used. Interface refers to the way that data is extracted from the device. Hardware refers to the platform that is used. Software refers to the software component used in the receiver. The last column presents how the device is powered.
Table 1 Receiver comparison
Frequency hopping
UHF RFID operates in the industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) unlicensed band and shares the spectrum with other devices. To mitigate potential interference, FCC mandates the use of frequency hopping. In the ISM band, 902 to 928 MHz, a device can occupy a channel for at most 400 ms [8]. The regulations also state that the next channel to be occupied must be selected pseudorandomly.
The frequency hopping provision presents a problem for the receiver design. In a normal RFID system, the reader transmitter and receiver are integrated inside the reader, and the receiver knows the frequency at which the transmitter sent the signal. In this paper, the receiver is decoupled from the transmitter, so the receiver must have knowledge of the transmitter's channel frequency.
In general, three methods can be identified to overcome the channel-hopping issue. The first method is to listen to all the channels. Depending on the region of operation; this could be a simple task, like in Europe, where the number of channels is low. For North America, where there are 50 channels, in the frequency range from 902 to 928 MHz; this is not such a simple task.
The second solution involves predicting the next channel hop through a stepped serial search. A certain amount of time is required to acquire a lock on the channel, either by scanning the spectrum until finding the transmitting channel or randomly hopping, and then predicting the next hop. This will work if there is knowledge of the algorithm used for determining the next channel hop. Based on the FCC specifications, the algorithm is to be pseudo-random, so it is up to the manufacturer to implement the algorithm for channel hopping. In some cases, this can be determined by reverse-engineering the algorithm with the help of a spectrum analyzer.
The third solution is that the reader or host PC directly notifies the receiver where the next frequency hop is going to be. The most widespread communication protocol between PCs and RFID readers, low-level reader protocol (LLRP) [9], specifies a function called NextChannelHop() which informs about the next frequency channel. In this scenario, a PC calls this function through LLRP and reports it to the receiver device through ethernet. With this approach, there are time delay issues and not all UHF RFID readers support LLRP.
Frequency offset
Oscillators have a stability rating, i.e., offset from a desired frequency, expressed as parts per million (ppm). The EPC Gen 2 standard defines the minimum stability rating for the oscillator to be 10 ppm in dense reader mode [10]. The RFID reader uses the same local oscillator (LO) for sending the signal and receiving the backscattered signal, so no frequency offset will be present in the reader (except from Doppler shifts due to moving tags, but they are negligible even on fast moving tags, e.g., tags on trains [11]). The frequency offset is a problem for a receiver that is decoupled from the transmitter.
A frequency offset can be modelled as the multiplication of the signal by ejwt where w is the frequency of the offset. This multiplication causes an instantaneous change in phase in the in-phase/quadrature (I/Q) constellation, which causes a rotation. An experiment was set up to showcase the problem of frequency offset. The analog outputs from two UHF RFID readers were connected to an oscilloscope. One reader was functioning as a receiver, while the other as a full transceiver. The readers were set to the same mixer frequency. The signal during a tag-reader exchange of the transceiver was then captured, and the I/Q constellation vs. time was plotted in LabView. Figure 1 shows the obtained results; the z-axis is time, and the y and x axes are I and Q components. Figure 1a shows the I/Q constellation of receiving a PR-ASK signal successfully by the transceiver reader. Figure 1b shows the obtained signal on the reader acting as a receiver. If two LOs are used without any provision to deal with frequency offset, a rotation appears, as seen in Figure 1b, and the signal cannot be successfully demodulated.
Frequency offset in I/Q constellations. (a) Without frequency offset. (b) With frequency offset.
If a radio was tuned to the same channel as the transmitter, e.g., 902.75 MHz, then it would see a large signal adjacent to the tag channel in the ≤10-kHz range, which is the DC signal that would be removed if the transmitter and receiver were synchronized. Figure 2 shows how the frequency offset problem looks in the time domain. The top row is the clean reader and tag signal, as seen on the RFID reader. The tag signal is the high-frequency square wave at the end. The bottom row is the received response with frequency offset. The strong signal from the reader is modified, but the high-frequency weak tag signal cannot be seen, but rather the large blocker signal at around 8 kHz is seen.
Frequency offset in time domain.
Synchronous detection - the solution
Both envelope and homodyne detection techniques are simple and reliable demodulation techniques. The problem with the envelope detector is that its performance is limited by the relative amplitudes of the signal being demodulated. One of the goals of this paper was to make a system more sensitive than the system based on envelope detectors. Synchronous detectors are more complex than envelope detectors, and they require a phase-locked loop and a mixer. Demodulation is performed by multiplying the received signal by a sine wave that is phase-locked to the incoming carrier.
On the reader side, the carrier frequency is known and the signal at that frequency is also used in the demodulation process. This frequency is not known by the ARR. However, since the reader transmits continuous wave (CW) signal during tag transmission, we proposed to use the CW signal as the input to the mixer. So the clock is retrieved through the air, instead of using a LO. Figure 3 shows conceptually the signals in frequency domain during tag transmission. The reader sends a signal at a fixed frequency called the CW, fCW, and the tag responds with a weak backscatter signal, f bsck . The CW signal is used as an input to the mixer instead of the LO.
Spectrum during tag backscatter.
In the EPC Gen 2 standard, the reader initiates query process by transmitting a specific command or a set of commands at a particular frequency channel. This leads to a handshaking process that ends, most frequently, with the tag transmitting its ID. Therefore, two types of reader signal appear as inputs to the mixer: (1) unmodulated CW signal during tag transmission and (2) modulated signal during reader transmission. The synchronous detection method for the first type of reader signal is shown in Figure 4. The dotted lines display the frequency components at the various stages of the design. The signal to the LO is taken from RF signal path and is amplified and filtered to remove any modulation, i.e., the backscatter signal. The mixer outputs the difference of the frequencies (the sum of the frequencies is filtered out). At the output of a baseband filter, only the tag backscatter signal remains.
Synchronous detection during tag backscatter.
Let us now consider a situation when the reader transmits the modulated signal as presented in Figure 5. The reader signal is self-mixed with an attenuated or amplified version of itself. At the output of the mixer is the down-converted reader signal. The same bandpass filter as that in the case of tag transmission is used.
Synchronous detection during reader transmission.
In order to implement this system, an external low gain loop antenna was used to provide an attenuated version of the signal for synchronous detection. Therefore, the ARR contains two antennas: one that performs 'listening' of tag communication and another one for receiving the CW signal and using it as an input to the mixer. We performed a number of experiments regarding the type of the second antenna and relative positions of two antennas until we determined the configuration that provided satisfactory results.
There are a number of advantages of synchronous demodulation with the reader signal used as an input to the mixer. The design of the receiver is simplified since there is no need for a PLL while at the same time the problem of frequency offset is resolved. Synchronous detection also resolved frequency-hopping problem when the pattern of hopping is unknown. As mentioned before, the reader selects its next frequency channels pseudo-randomly and the pseudo-random sequence of frequencies is not known to the ARR. Using synchronous detection with the reader signal instead of the LO, the ARR obtains the CW signal directly from the reader and use it as a local oscillator. Thus, regardless whether the reader is in frequency-hopping mode or not, the ARR receives the reader-transmitted signal at any frequency and uses it as a reference frequency for demodulation.
The system has an additional advantage in common situations where multiple ARRs associated with one reader are used. All ARRs are synchronized because they use the same clock from the reader. This can be very important for further research on localization of passive tags based on the signals obtained from multiple synchronized ARRs. In addition, multiple synchronized ARRs can be used for cooperative reception techniques like soft combining and interference cancellation as presented in [5].
Recently, there have been several publications that deal with extending the read range of the UHF readers. The read range can be extended by adding the external exciters that provide CW signal [12] or by amplifying the signal from the reader [13]. Having external exciters will allow not only for providing additional energy, but also for using that signal as an external oscillator and having all elements in the system synchronized to the same clock. However, to the best of our knowledge, using CW from the external exciters to synchronize the RFID components has not been done yet; the same techniques as described in this paper can be used.
Limitations of our approach include the need to perform time multiplexing in case there are multiple readers in the same area, problems with a narrow-band interferers in the same frequency range, and the fact that the amplitude of the oscillator depends on the distance and on fading. Since tags are not frequency selective, some type of time scheduling of the readers would need to be done anyway in case of deployment with multiple readers. Regarding the amplitude of the signal, it is possible that the signal used instead of the LO received by the ARR is subject to deep fades in which case the ARR will not function properly.
Figure 6 shows the high-level overview of receiver implementation. It consists of a UHF RFID reader IC acting as the RF front end and an FPGA with a soft-core CPU that implements the state machine for receiving the tag signals. Ethernet is used for communication with the host PC. The next sections will give the details of the subsystems in use.
High-level block diagram.
Radio frequency integrated circuit
Austria Microsystems AS3992 was selected as the radio frequency integrated circuit (RFIC). The RFIC is an EPC Gen 2-compatible front end, which has a direct conversion RF section and EPC Gen 2 protocol handling capability.
Through register settings, the IC can support different modes and settings such as the gain of the receiver chain and filter selection. The reader IC also has provisions to decode tag signals by decoding the Miller and biphase space (FM0) encoding. By itself, the reader IC does not support receiving and decoding the pulse interval encoding (PIE) signal, so the decoding part was outsourced to another digital section.
Most reader ICs regularly operate solely, i.e., performing the demodulation, decoding, and protocol processing. The AS3992 was set to direct mode, where the protocol processing is bypassed and a demodulated analog or digital signal is output. In this mode, the chip acts only as an RF front end.
The IC also has an oscillator and timing system. Unfortunately, it cannot be used due to frequency offset problem. To mitigate the issue, synchronous detection was used. To achieve synchronous detection outlined in the previous section, the external VCO port, EXT_IN, was used on the AS3992. This pin allows us to set the frequency manually by retrieving it from the air.
An external low gain loop antenna was used to provide an attenuated version of the signal for synchronous detection. Another solution would be to use an amplifier on the RF signal path, but the power consumption and cost would rise.
The sensitivity of the receiver is configurable through register settings, which allows increasing or decreasing the read range of the receiver. The step size of the read range was experimentally determined to be around 50 cm. The outputs from the RF section are the I and Q datapaths. Figure 7 shows the reader-tag exchange as seen by the AS3992 chip using synchronous detection. The Q-channel can be seen to have a higher amplitude than the I-channel. Figure 8 shows the block diagram of the components used from the IC. The output from the AS3992 to the digital section is the signal after passing through the comparator.
AS3992 analog output.
Block diagram of digital logic including decoders and a soft core processor implemented on FPGA.
FPGA subsystem
Figure 9 shows the block diagram of the hardware. This section describes the details of each block in the system. The main blocks in the architecture are the reader PIE decoder, FM0 decoder for the tag signal, reader command decoder, and tag command decoder. Logic gates are used for enabling and disabling the decoding of tag signals. Once the ARR receives an ACK from the reader, the gates are opened for decoding the tag signal. The system was implemented in Verilog, and it is executed on a Xilinx Spartan 3E starter kit (San Jose, CA, USA).
FPGA system.
Reader decoder
The PIE decoder module samples the input waveform and outputs the data symbols; it also provides a symbol clock, which rises whenever a symbol has been decoded. The symbols come in six varieties: data-0, data-1, TRcal, RTcal, invalid, and delim[10]. They convey information about the commands, data, and physical characteristics of the channel between the reader and tag. The symbols can also have different parameters depending on the TARI (length of data-0) value set by the reader.
The signal is over-sampled by 625 samples due to the default clock of 50 MHz on the FPGA, which can be lowered if power consumption is a concern. A lookup table is used to determine the symbol. A counter hi_cnt is started on a high signal. Whenever a falling edge is detected, a counter lo_cnt is started and the hi_cnt is stopped. A rising edge indicates the end of a symbol. Furthermore, the type of symbol: TRcal, RTcal, data-0, data-1, invalid, and delim is determined from the length of the symbol, and the high count is determined through a lookup table. The low count is only needed to determine the mode of operation. The command decoder is a state machine that is sensitive to symbols from the PIE decoder and outputs commands from the reader.
Tag decoder
The tag decoder decodes the FM0 signal. The method used for decoding this signal is a modified version of an existing method [14]. A close look at the FM0 waveforms reveals that the rectangular waveform shown in Table 2 can be identified. The method based in [14] proposed looking at the duty cycles of the rectangular waveforms to decode them. Duty cycle requires a division operation which is not efficient in FPGAs. The method used in this implementation is a modified version, where a lookup table is used to compare the high and low counters to symbol values that are obtained experimentally. After receiving the decoded bits, they are passed through the tag command decoder which groups the bits together to determine commands, including the EPC of the tag.
Table 2 Rectangular waveform decoding
The first set of experiments on the ARR was performed to characterize its performance based on the distance from the reader. The design of the receiver relies both on the reader and tag signals to successfully decode EPCs. A tag is considered successfully read if an ethernet packet is received containing the tag's EPC. Wireshark [15] was used to count the number of packets, which was an indicator for performance. The reader was set to hybrid mode, 160-kHz FM0, 30-dBm output power for 60 s. A Higgs3 [16] passive dipole and PowerP [17] semi-passive tag were used for the tests.
Reader range
First a passive dipole and then a semi-passive tag were placed at a distance of 1 m away from the receiver. The reader antenna was set to output at full power. The distance between the ARR and the reader antenna, d, was increased from 1 to 8 m, with an interval of 1 m. Figure 10 shows the read rate results for both semi-passive and passive tags, where read-rate is defined as the number of ethernet packets received by the host per minute. At some distances, the effects of multipath propagation and fading made the tag unreadable. In such cases, the reader antenna was slightly moved to the side to mitigate this effect.
Reader range vs read rate.
The results show that the distance from the reader to the receiver does not affect the performance when the distance is within 8 m, which is the room length. Semi-passive tags have a read rate of about 140 to 160 packets per minute, while passive tags read at under 100 packets per minute.
The goal of this experiment was to determine the maximum distance that the receiver can detect the tag response. A similar setup was made in the previous experiment, but the distance d was fixed at 8 m, while the distance from tag to receiver was varied. The reader was set to transmit for 60 s, and the tag was moved away from the receiver until the receiver could not detect the EPC anymore. A test was made without ethernet sending: a counter was implemented on the FPGA and ethernet was disabled. The reader was set to transmit a query every second for 60 s. A logic analyzer was then used to get the counter value. A tag was considered detected if the receiver could read more tag signals than 5% of the EPCs. For passive tags, this distance was determined to be 3.25 m, and for semi-passive, it was determined to be 5.5 m. Depending on the application, the range can be reduced by adjusting the attenuation registers of the AS3992 chip.
Reader power
This experiment tests the relationship between the reader power and the receiver performance. The reader antenna was placed at a fixed distance of 5 m, and the reader output power was varied from 15 to 30 dBm. A passive tag was placed in between the reader and the receiver, which is 1 m away from the receiver. The read rate of the receiver was recorded. Figure 11 shows the results.
Reader power vs read rate.
At the 22-dBm mark, the performance decreases significantly. This is the threshold where the receiver does not receive enough power to its local oscillator to correctly decode the tag. Based on the Friis equation, the power at the LO port can be estimated to be −12 dBm at this power and distance. Thus, theoretically, if the reader is located at a distance of 12.5 m and is transmitting at full strength, the receiver will have enough power for its LO port.
Table 3 presents a comparison of the maximum read ranges of the different receivers. The Sensatag and ARR implementations were determined experimentally, while the Gen 2 Listener value is based on [4].
Table 3 Maximum read ranges
The values of the table are to be expected. The Sensatag, based on an envelope detector, provides the worst performance of the three. The Gen 2 Listener, based on an software-defined radio (SDR), provides the best performance. The ARR implementation shows results that fall in between the Sensatag and Gen 2 Listener. Table 4 compares the success rate at which the EPC packets were successfully decoded at a 1-m distance. The results for the Gen 2 Listener were taken from [5], while the ARR and Sensatag results were obtained experimentally. For the experimentally obtained results, a passive tag was placed 1 m away from the receiver, and the tag antenna was placed 5 m away from the receiver. The reader was programmed to send a query every second for 60 s.
Table 4 Ratio of the tag EPCs sent to device EPCs received
The Gen 2 Listener offers the best performance in read range and read rate, but it has a limitation due to frequency hopping. The results presented were obtained with a reader transmitting at a fixed channel. The Gen 2 Listener was originally designed to operate in Europe, where UHF RFID has 2 MHz allocated to it. In North America, the device is able to listen to only four channels at a time due to this limitation. EPC responses being sent from the other 46 channels will not be captured. Another limitation is the cost of the hardware. The USRP, on which the SDR is running on, costs around $1,000, limiting wide-scale deployment needed in cases such as for proximity localization.
The Sensatag is a low-cost solution compared to the Gen 2 Listener and the ARR. The device consists of mostly passive components, making it to have low power consumption and can be run from batteries. The use of an envelope detection scheme limits its performance as can be seen from the tests. Another issue is variable selectivity due to the architecture in use: in some channels, the device will be able to decode EPCs, while in others, it may not. The ARR offers better performance than the Sensatag but worse than the Gen 2 Listener. Its advantage is that it overcomes the limitations of both approaches. The use of an industry UHF RFID reader IC as the RF section cuts down costs compared to the USRP, allowing it to be widely deployed for use in localization methods. Using synchronous detection deals with the frequency-hopping issue and the limitation of the Gen 2 Listener. An issue for the ARR is the time to form a packet to be transmitted over the ethernet: EPCs could be discarded if the reader is sending queries continuously. This problem can be corrected by implementing a counter for the EPCs and sending ethernet packets at fixed intervals with the counter value, not in real-time, as soon as an EPC has been received, as it is done now. Another limitation is that two readers cannot be used at the same time, unless they transmit in a time-multiplexed fashion.
Besides the aforementioned receiver for localization, the device can be adapted by other applications. These include a portal, protocol analyzer, and Internet of Things sensor.
An RFID portal can be used to track people or packages passing through some area. For the ideal RFID portal system, the reader should achieve 100% read accuracy when tags pass through the confined area. The reader should not read them when they are not present in the confined area. The read accuracy performance is the most important factor for RFID portal systems, but they experience the problems of cross-reads - a tag that is outside of the confined area is read. Using the device described in this paper, a confined area can be created, without having to lower the power of the reader antennas.
During the development and implementation of a wireless system, it can be beneficial to have a test tool to debug, analyze, and monitor the wireless network. Industry test tools have limited specific functionality and very high costs. The device outlined in this paper can be used as a low-cost test tool for UHF RFID. Researchers will have the ability to test their hypotheses for new anti-collision algorithms, frequency-hopping techniques, channel coding optimizations, etc., without delving into time-consuming simulations and expensive equipment.
The Internet of Things refers to a concept of devices connected in an Internet-like structure and having unique identifiers [18]. Since passive RFID tags are inexpensive and provide automatic identification, they are a good candidate technology for IoT. By themselves, they only provide limited information, but by introducing localization and proximity detection, more complex operations can be performed and a more capable IoT network can be created. A potential application for the ARR is an IoT sensor. The ARR acts as a gateway between the tags and the Internet-like structure. The gateway attaches a location identifier to the tags which are in its proximity, thereby allowing a more capable system.
UHF RFID systems offer only coarse-grained knowledge of the location of the tag. One localization method, which is easy to implement and is not affected by dynamically changing environments, is proximity localization. This paper proposes a new receiver, called the ARR, which can be used for proximity localization. In this work, a conventional UHF RFID IC, in combination with an FPGA was used to create the receiver, which augmented the RFID system. The use of conventional IC allows for a cost-effective way of implementing the system. The conventional IC is modified to use synchronous detection to overcome synchronization issues - frequency hopping and frequency offset.
The augmented RFID receiver offers good performance and low cost due to the use of an industry UHF RFID reader IC and novel way of synchronizing with the reader. Quantitatively, the receiver achieved a read rate of 50% for a passive tag and 66% for a semi-passive tag that are placed 1 m away. With the maximum range, between the ARR and the tag with the reader located within 8 m of the ARR, the receiver can decode EPCs properly at 3.25 m for passive and 5.5 m for semi-passive tags.
ARR:
augmented RFID receiver
CW:
continuous wave
EPC:
electronic product code
FPGA:
field gate programmable array
I/Q:
in-phase/quadrature
IoT:
ISM:
industry: medical: scientific
LLRP:
low-level reader protocol
LO:
local oscillator
PIE:
pulse interval encoding
PR-ASK:
phase reversal amplitude shift keying
RFIC:
RFID:
received signal strength
UHF:
ultrahigh frequency
USRP:
universal radio peripheral
VCO:
voltage-controlled oscillator.
Bolić M, Simplot-Ryl D: RFID Systems: Research Trends and Challenges. Wiley, New Jersey; 2010.
Jing L, Cheng Z, Zhou Y, Wang J: From U-tile to indoor-tracer: an indoor location sensing platform based on passive RFID. The 2011 IEEE International Conference on Internet of Things and The 4th IEEE International Conference on Cyber, Physical and Social Computing, Dalian, 19–22 Oct 2011. IEEE, Piscataway; 2011:89-93.
Athalye A, Savic V, Bolic M, Djuric P: A radio frequency identification system for accurate indoor localization. IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), Prague, 22–27 May 2011. IEEE, Piscataway; 2011:1777-1780.
Donno D, Ricciato F: Design and applications of a software-defined listener for UHF RFID systems, in Microwave Symposium Digest (MTT). 2011 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest, Baltimore, June 2011. IEEE, Piscataway; 2011:6-9.
Donno D, Ricciato F, Catarinucci L: Challenge: towards distributed RFID sensing with software-defined radio. In MobiCom '10. Proceedings of the Sixteenth Annual International Conference in Mobile Computing and Networking, Chicago, Sept 2010. ACM, New York; 2010:97-104.
Catarinucci L, Donno D: Performance analysis of passive UHF RFID tags with GNU-radio. 2011 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation (APSURSI), Spokane, July 2011. IEEE, Piscataway; 2011:541-544.
Chen H, Bhadkamkar A: Piggyback modulation for UHF RFID sensors. In Microwave Symposium Digest (MTT). 2010 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest, Anaheim, May 2010. IEEE, Piscataway; 201:1776-1779.
GS1: Regulatory status for using RFID in the UHF spectrum, Technical report, GS1, 2011.
EPC Global: Low level reader protocol. . Accessed 8 Mar 2010 http://www.gs1.org/gsmp/kc/epcglobal/llrp/llrp_1_1-standard-20101013.pdf
Global EPC: Specification for RFID air interface EPC™ radio-frequency identity protocols class-1 generation-2 UHF RFID protocol for communications at 860 MHz - 960 MHz. Technical report, GS1, 2008.
Zhang X, Tentzeris M: Applications of fast-moving RFID tags in high-speed railway systems. Int. J. Eng. Bus. Manag 2011, 3: 1.
Park JS, Jung JW, Ahn SY, Roh HH, Oh HR, Seong YR, Lee YD, Choi K: Extending the interrogation range of a passive UHF RFID system with an external continuous wave transmitter. Instrum. Meas IEEE Trans 2010, 59(8):2191-2197.
Ahn SY, Park JS, Seong YR, Ohd HR, Kim Jm: BoMR: a booster for mobile RFID readers. 2011 International Conference on ICT Convergence (ICTC), Seoul, Sept 2011. : IEEE; 2011:161-165.
Bautista N: Enhanced FM0 decoder for UHF passive RFID readers using duty cycle estimations (RFID-TA). IEEE, Piscataway; 2011.http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=6068654 . Accessed 18 July 2013
Wireshark Foundation: WireShark. 2012.http://www.wireshark.org/ . Accessed 18 July 2013
Alien Technology: Higgs-3. 2013.http://www.alientechnology.com/wp-content/uploads/Alien-Technology-Higgs-3-ALC-360.pdf Accessed 8 September 2013
PowerID: PowerP RFID labels for people. 2012.http://www.power-id.com/Data/pdf/PowerP_0311.pdf Accessed 18 July 2013
IoT-a: Internet of Things Architecture. 2013.http://www.iot-a.eu/public Accessed 18 July 2013
We would like to thank Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada for supporting this work through the NSERC Discovery grant. We would also like to thank Astraion LLC for providing us with the equipment (Sensatags).
School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
Alexey Borisenko, Miodrag Bolic & Majed Rostamian
Alexey Borisenko
Miodrag Bolic
Majed Rostamian
Correspondence to Alexey Borisenko.
Borisenko, A., Bolic, M. & Rostamian, M. Intercepting UHF RFID signals through synchronous detection. J Wireless Com Network 2013, 214 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1186/1687-1499-2013-214
UHF RFID
EPC global class 1 generation 2
Synchronous detection


The Association for the Advancement of Retired Persons (AARP) supports a dental health plan which provides customized benefits and effectively brings together dental benefits and savings.
Membership benefits include the liberty to visit any licensed dentist of your preference; selection of two plans with enrollment options for individuals or families; no waiting time for preventive treatment; total of three cleaning dates with your dentist every year; and, guaranteed premiums for at least two years.
Medicare provides very limited coverage for dental services. It does not have any coverage for regular dental care or nearly all procedures like cleaning, dentures, fillings, and tooth extractions.
The patient has no other alternative but to pay for all dental services which gave rise to discount dental plans. Dental exclusion is part of the Medicare program. The rule behind this is that coverage will not be decided by the cost or inevitability of the dental care but by the kind of service provided along with anatomical form on which the course of action is performed. Furthermore, the stipulations states that dental services are an essential part of any covered procedure just like reconstruction of the jaw following unintentional injury.
Extractions performed in preparation for radiation treatment of diseases which involves the jaw. In this case, you need not get any dental payment plans.
Oral examinations only (without any treatment) which come ahead of kidney transplantation or replacement of heart valves under prescribed conditions. This examination is covered by Part A if performed by dental professionals who belong to the hospital staff. It is under Part B if this operation is performed by a physician. The purpose of the examination is not meant for the teeth or structures absolutely supporting the teeth. Instead, it is meant for identification before complicated surgical procedures are carried out.
Hospital confinement for emergency conditions or difficult dental procedures even if the dental care itself is not covered.
Inpatient hospital services related to the provision of dental services that require hospitalization.
Payment for teeth wiring if it is performed in connection with treatment of jaw fractures.
Dental splints are covered by Medicare dental insurance plans if these are employed in combination with the medication of covered medical disorders.
Medicare makes payment for a covered dental procedure regardless of the hospital where it is undertaken. The hospitalization or non-hospitalization of patients does not affect coverage or exclusion of permitted dental procedures.
Payment is also approved for services and supplies used to cover dental services.


Here are some shows taking place in the Minneapolis/St Paul area from September 17 to September 19, 2018.
Godlike guitar genius Johnny Marr is headlining the Varsity Theater on Monday, September 17th, in support of his new album Call The Comet.
If you follow British music at all, you know that Marr is the guitarist from The Smiths. He co-wrote all their hits, and while Morrissey may take all the spotlight, you know he couldn't have done it without the music of Marr.
The first time we saw Marr solo in May 2003, he didn't want to play any Smiths songs. It was understandable, he felt he needed to stand on his own. The same can be said for Morrissey, who didn't perform Smiths songs for a long time.
Since 2014, Marr started playing Smiths songs again on his set, so if you love The Smiths, you should be there for Johnny Marr on September 17th.
Belle Game to open. Their latest album Fear/Nothing is out now on Arts & Crafts. The band was last seen in town in October 2017.
The special day-day Global Roots Festival at the Cedar Cultural Center starts on Monday, September 17, with Gambia's Sona Jobarteh and Turkey's Aynur.
Co-headlining San Diego's The Mattson 2 and Oakland's Astronauts, etc. (aka Anthony Ferraro) show is taking place on Monday, September 17th.
Maryland's influential heavy rock band Clutch is headlining Myth, in support of their 12th album Book of Bad Decisions (Weathermaker Music).
Ecuador/Colombia's Rio Mira brings together musicians like Esteban Copete (Colombia), Karla Kanora (Ecuador) and other local folk musicians that the river, Rio Mira, divides. China's Zhou Family Band will co-headline.
If you like world music, come check out the group at the Cedar Cultural Center on Sep 18, as part of the venue's 10th Annual Global Roots Festival.
The event is FREE and outdoor stage starts at 5pm and the all-ages show goes until 10:30pm.
Japanese Breakfast (Michelle Zauner) is returning to the Twin Cities, this time headlining the Fine Line Music Café. The venue was recently in the news, as First Avenue made the announcement that they have purchased the small venue. Of course, if you follow local music at all, you know that First Avenue was already booking and working various shows at the Fine Line (including this Japanese Breakfast show).
Three-time GRAMMY Award-winning multi-platinum band Maroon 5 is headlining the Xcel Energy Center on Tuesday.
Continuing the free Global Roots Festival, we have Guadeloupe's Delgres and Balkan brass band Lemon Bucket Orkestra.
Outdoor Local Roots Stage Performances start at 5:00pm. Indoor show starts at 7:30pm.
09/21 - Albuquerque, NM - ¡Globalquerque!
Madison's Seasaw will be playing at Mortimer's Bar and Restaurant as part of the San Gabriel September Series (every Wednesday at 9pm).
Also on the bill: Orca Colony and MT Foyer.
The co-headlining tour of Swedish rockers Tribulation and Arkansas' Pallbearer will come to the Turf Club in St Paul on September 19th.


text:
Nation Current Affairs 07 Dec 2019 Bengaluru: ACP slaps ...
Bengaluru: ACP slaps senior journalist, police order internal probe
DECCAN CHRONICLE.
Published Dec 7, 2019, 3:06 am IST
Updated Dec 7, 2019, 3:06 am IST
Scribe was covering detention of pro-democracy protesters at K.R. Puram.
V. Krishnappa
BENGALURU: The city police have initiated an internal inquiry against its high-handed Assistant Commissioner of Police (ACP) of Whitefield Sub-Division for slapping a journalist of an English newspaper, who was covering police excesses against protesters at KR Puram in the city.
The ACP, .V Krishnappa, slapped a senior journalist who was video-recording the police abusing a protester holding a placard at KR Puram. The video of the ACP slapping the journalist has gone viral on social media and has angered netizens.
Additional Commissioner of Police (East) S. Murugan told Deccan Chronicle that the internal inquiry under DCP (Whitefield) M.N. Anuchet has been ordered and the DCP has been directed to submit a report, following which action will be taken against the errant police officer.
"An inquiry into the incident has been initiated. DCP Anuchet has been directed to probe the incident and submit a report. Further course of action will be decided once the report is submitted," Mr Murugan said.
The incident happened at KR Puram on Thursday when a group of demonstrators gathered demanding free and fair elections and asked people not to take money from political parties to "save democracy".
ACP Krishnappa, who was apparently irked by the protesters gathering near a polling booth, abused one of the demonstrators. After he realised that his act was being filmed by a journalist, the ACP slapped him. The entire act has been caught in the camera and the video has gone viral.
City Police Commissioner Bhaskar Rao had said that the matter would be looked into and an internal inquiry would be formed to probe the incident.
Tags: assistant commissioner of police, journalist, protesters
Location: India, Karnataka, Bengaluru


text:
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