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America's Most Cherished and Controversial Right
Ryan T. Woods on Free Speech
Of all our democratic values, Americans are most devoted to free speech. A 2015 Rasmussen poll revealed fervor for freedom of expression outstripping support for religious liberty, the independence of the press, and the right to bear arms. Ignorance forms no barrier to enthusiasm. Another survey from Annenberg found almost two in five respondents couldn't enumerate any First Amendment rights without prompting, yet nearly half of all interviewees still named free speech as an important liberty. Without exaggeration, political historian Kent Greenawalt calls this principle "a cornerstone of liberal democracy."
At the same time they profess these convictions, however, Americans maintain free speech has become endangered in the public square – and particularly in the university quadrangle. A 2017 Rasmussen poll found only 28% believe they enjoy true freedom of expression. Generational, racial, and partisan disparities loom large in these perceptions across party lines. Recently, Gallup asked respondents to evaluate the viability of First Amendment rights. About three in four students contend free speech remains secure. African-Americans expressed more skepticism than their peers about their right to free speech and to peaceful assembly. Democrats were more sanguine than Republicans on the status of expression. So, depending on whom you ask, this situation continues to improve or deteriorate.
How can a value commanding such widespread support feel so beleaguered? And why does confidence in its security vary so radically by demographic? A convincing answer to this question must acknowledge conflicts of interpretation within popular consensus. While Americans have long regarded free speech as sacrosanct, they've become increasingly divided over how to define it. These differences reflect the changing culture of postwar America.
But these divisions are not simply the residue of structural realignments and social dislocation. They chart the progress of a deliberate strategy to counter the effects of cultural change by absolutizing free expression. Such "free speech fundamentalism" resists exceptions and accommodations. To understand this development on its own terms – a quasi-religious community premised on an extremist interpretation of First Amendment rights – illuminates recent tensions over America's most cherished and controversial right. And to counter it effectively, it's important to understand this genealogy and its strategic terrain. Like any fundamentalism, free speech fundamentalism thrives on scripted conflicts and trades in symbolic currency. To neutralize it, then, will take more than exposing its hypocrisies. If the history of religious fundamentalism teaches us anything, it will take changing the rules of the game.
The right of citizens to express themselves was a formative value for the country. It's one grounded in nature and enshrined in its founding documents. Yet popular adoration of free speech goes beyond etiologies of nature and parchment. To discover why Americans have created a society valuing expression, to trace the vagaries of its interpretation across history, and to frame the contemporary debates engulfing it today, it helps to analyze free speech as a devotional culture.
In his fascinating study, Eloquence and Reason: Creating a First Amendment Culture, legal historian Robert Tsai examines commitments to free expression as one might trace the formation of a religious community. Rights, Tsai insists, flow from core beliefs holding a people together. Just as congregations might gather around shared convictions – whether explicit or unspoken – so citizens share a culture of freedom even before their government charters these rights. These doctrines shape how people define and understand their entitlements.
If we can interpret the development of First Amendment commitment as devotional tradition, we can analyze "free speech fundamentalism" as a particular species of religious culture. Fundamentalisms are diverse enough to make taxonomy challenging, but a few features stand out. Perhaps its most distinguishing characteristic, as George Marsden points out in Fundamentalism and American Culture, is militancy. Where other traditions broker compromises with the world around them, fundamentalists fiercely resist accommodation. Sharp polarities define the contours of their sectarian outlooks, which privilege insiders and demonize outsiders. For this reason, fundamentalists abhor pluralism.
The contemporary landscape represents dangerous territory for these militants. They can never be reconciled to this diverse environment, and so must carve out a haven from the hostile world. Their search for refuge becomes the basis for mythologizing. Fundamentalists long for a utopian past characterized by purity of belief and practice. This nostalgic fantasy – which needs not correspond to an actual time and place – depends in any case on selective curation of history. Believers maintain an ambivalent relationship with the contemporary world: fundamentalism is a creature of modernity, yet remains congenitally at odds with its dominant values.
Like any religious extremism, free speech fundamentalism convinces acolytes to perceive the surrounding world as an antagonistic place. White men seem particularly susceptible to this interpretation. The terrain that once privileged them is changing. Demographers report that by midcentury, they will become a minority. Immigrants from Latin America, Asia, and Africa are becoming neighbors, co-workers, and fellow students. From the boardroom to the Senate, women and minorities are assuming positions in the corridors of power traditionally reserved for white men. Most conspicuously, a Black politician and community organizer named Barack Hussein Obama occupied the White House for eight years.
With demographic change comes social ferment, led by the voices of a new America. Feminist activism has made misogyny increasingly unacceptable. Protest movements like Occupy and Black Lives Matter have disrupted business as usual. Confederate flags and monuments are slated for removal. Professional athletes take a knee while the National Anthem plays. Speech codes regulate the margins of accepted discourse in college classrooms, which a diverse array of students now populate. Although white men still wield disproportionate influence, these trends indicate reconfigurations of power on the horizon.
In this changing context, free speech fundamentalism articulates white male grievance at the erosion of traditional privileges. As Arlie Hochschild painstakingly chronicles in Strangers in Their Own Land, these feelings of betrayal and "reverse discrimination" inform their "deep story." Branded as intolerant, this disenchanted bloc has stopped playing by the rules of the game. Not surprisingly, a fundamentalist agenda for ensuring freedom in the public square frequently includes making offensive statements about women and minorities.
Consider Milo Yiannapoulos. A self-proclaimed evangelist for free speech fundamentalism, Milo deplores all restrictions on public conversation. The Cambridge-educated author of Dangerous engineers flamboyant provocations in print, on various media, and in his personal appearances. As a contributing editor at Breitbart, he produced articles like "Donald Trump Would Be the Real First Black President," "Birth Control Makes Women Unattractive and Crazy," and "There's No Hiring Bias against Women in Tech, They Just Suck at Interviews." Milo classifies Black Lives Matter as a hate group, and he routinely diagnoses feminism and Islam as "cancers" metastasizing in the American body politic. These insults have elicited predictable responses. His trolling of Leslie Jones got him banned from Twitter; his casual endorsement of trysts between adult males and 13-year olds prompted Simon & Schuster to reconsider a book contract. When his scheduled lecture at Berkeley incited riots, the spectacle attracted national coverage.
Whatever one thinks of Milo's antics, the fundamentalist brand of free speech he advertises has gained currency over the past two decades. A 2000 First Amendment Center survey registered two thirds of those polled opposed protecting racially insensitive remarks. Fifteen years later, Pew Research Center discovered two of every three Americans believed people should be able to make offensive comments about minorities in public. One can chalk up some of these discrepancies to the divorce between general support for the principle of free speech and discomfort with particular instances of inflammatory expression. Still, it's hard to resist concluding that the shift heralds significant movement on the boundaries of speech.
That's not to say limits don't exist among the many absolutists. Like other extremisms, free speech fundamentalism depends on maintaining an impossible purism. Its apologists maintain values at odds with their commitment to unrestricted discourse. In that sense, their absolutism offers a mirage, not reality. Despite professed contempt for political correctness, their culture of discourse operates within informal but just as strictly-policed limits. Such inconsistency is no aberration. In fact, it's a calling card of fundamentalism. H. Richard Niebuhr wrote that the sectarian impulse "affirms in words what it denies in action" by privileging certain norms, then applying them selectively.
Where does free speech fundamentalism draw limits? Alex Nowrasteh, a fellow at the conservative Cato Institute, describes the PC on the right as a nationalist "patriotic correctness." Those who disagree openly with American foreign policy are anti-American. People should have the freedom to say what they want – unless they want to protest the National Anthem peacefully. Safe spaces are pilloried and the liberal bias of the mainstream media slandered by those who habitually retreat to the echo chambers of Fox News Breitbart, and (the now defunct) Parler. The University of Chicago earns plaudits for removing obstacles to open discussion – except when the topic happens to be graduate student unions. Free speech fundamentalists denounce illiberal policing of discourse, but engage in inquisitorial practices themselves. Professors who violate these shibboleths find themselves subject to smear campaigns. Not surprisingly, women and minorities find themselves disproportionately targeted.
Anti-fundamentalists have vacillated about how to counter this sectarian vision, advocating a spectrum of responses ranging from indifference to open combat. What's absent from many conversations about free speech on the Left, remarks Nathan Robinson in Current Affairs, is strategic calculus. Focusing exclusively on whether an institutions or persons can curtail speech without considering the consequences of this restriction is like taking a sharp left turn without knowing the final destination. Far from suppressing a pernicious voice, it may end up amplifying it.
For this reason, it's important to recognize what gives fundamentalism power in the public square. While white supremacist recruitment efforts alarm Americans, they've not mustered a critical mass. Westboro Baptist protestors don't anticipate widespread conversions. Suicide bombers and jihadists die knowing their martyrdom won't expel occupying forces. These fundamentalists don't expect to win the war – or even a skirmish. They're after different quarry. They traffic in the symbolic. Like its religious counterparts, free-speech fundamentalism thrives on political theater.
In particular, free speech fundamentalists weaponize a touchstone of democracy (passionate devotion to free speech) to polarize communities. Capitalizing on widespread misunderstanding of First Amendment protections, provocateurs argue for their right to a platform. If the town refuses to issue a permit or the university withholds a platform, the organizers fulminate (usually on prominent media platforms) about their voices being silenced by cancel culture. No one is owed a platform, of course. The First Amendment guarantees protection from government censorship of expression, not a forum for everyone with an opinion. But that hardly matters, for the goal is spectacle, not substance.
Being denied a platform raises suspicion of left-wing bias, but there is often approval for an event that stirs violent opposition. Any blowback it foments makes for publicity, exposing the protestors as aggressors. "Best-case scenario is that the [Social Justice Warriors] freak out and we get another Berkeley," reasoned one editor of the Stanford Review, a conservative publication that was considering inviting Milo to campus. His intention in baiting protestors was transparent, Elliot Kaufman observed in National Review: "… the left-wing riots were not the price or the downside of inviting Yiannopoulos – they were the attraction."
This stagecraft casts dissenters as enemies of the freedom of expression, papers over the rights of the protestors to free speech, and makes the speakers martyrs – no matter how inflammatory their message. By presenting themselves as victims of liberal histrionics, these provocateurs are tapping into a deeply-held belief on the Right and scoring a public relations coup. Traditional conservatives contend the Left is far more intolerant than the Right, noting the presence of campus speech codes, trigger warnings, safe spaces, and cancel culture – not to mention riots – over controversial speakers. Alt-Right partisans go further, asserting they should be free to speak with total impunity. Any reprisals visited on them confirm their heroic sense of victimhood. "We're not the haters, we're the victims of white genocide," is how one researcher summarized their stock response.
But Liberals play a role in this fundamentalist drama as well. While they don't endorse the excesses of the alt-right, some scold protestors for failing to respect offensive speech. This underwrites a "both sides" moral equivalence that serves the interests of free speech fundamentalism. Consider Fareed Zakaria opining on clashes over controversial speakers. After reminding his audience that free speech entails "protecting and listening to speech with which you disagree," Zakaria takes on what he perceives as an "anti-intellectualism" on the left.
But he is just warming up. "Liberals think they are tolerant, but often they are not," he observes. They suffer from sanctimony, too pure to hear ideas with which they disagree. "No one," he intones, "has a monopoly on right or virtue." A chorus of other liberal defenders of free speech make similar preachments. From rows on the New York Times editorial board to grandiloquent manifestos against cancel culture signed by the least canceled group of authors in print, the result is the same.
Free speech fundamentalism represents only one strand of American devotion to liberty of expression. But like all fundamentalisms, it usurps the exclusive right to interpret this freedom. Beneath its veneer of timeless truth, however, lies a peculiar genealogy, tradition, and contradictions. It offers a false dilemma of all or nothing free speech. It fractures university and political communities along racial, political, and ideological lines. To arrest the development of free speech extremism, we must confront it at the level of symbol and strip it of its potency.
It's fitting that free speech—the very source of conflict—may also furnish the instruments for dismantling free speech fundamentalism.
Ryan T. Woods is a writer based in Athens, Georgia. He earned his doctorate in religion at Emory University, and his interests range from early Alexandrian Christianity to Cleveland sports.
American history free speech fundamentalism rights
In Defense of Childhood
Why Philo Matters


The two officially called off their engagement in February, and prior to this Instagram rant, Kardashian has expressed his love for Chyna. Kardashian claims Chyna sent him the video on July 4. Kardashian also claimed to have paid for surgeries that Chyna underwent to get her pre-baby body back shortly after giving birth, and repeatedly shared a video of Chyna making out with another man. Khloe Kardashian Reality star turns 32, family sends adorable birthday messages to her. Rob continued on a social media rant against his former fiance Blac Chyna.
Kris Jenner, Kourtney Kardashian Momager celebrates daughter on her birthday with throwback photo. The posts have since been deleted. It doesn't end there, apparently the model sent him a photo of herself kissing another man. Scott Disick Star set to host bachelor party for Rob Kardashian. Staggers AishaStaggers July 5, IndictMint Chip and White Russian: Rob blasted Chyna on Instagram this morning… and is still going strong as we speak.


My reading have slowed down a bit, I recently started watching Chicago PD, so I've been binge watching the past seasons Watching the show and catching up on my project life scrapbooking, has taken away some of my reading time. It's just the current ebb and flow of life, so I'm hoping to pick up more books as we get into the summer season. Any recommendations for me? I'll be on vacation for a week in June and I want to stock up on good books.
This book is very new and was just released this past April. It popped up on my goodread page and saw the good reviews. This is a fan fiction about Kate Middleton. I finished this rather quickly and listened to it every chance I got, while doing dishes, walking, commute and before bed. The story really sucked me in.
This is the first book I've read about royalty, just wasn't really interested in the past but I'm glad I found this book. I'm sure this story line has been done many times, American girl goes abroad to Oxford, where she meets and falls in love with the heir to the British throne. But this book captures almost eight years of their relationship (parallel to Prince William and Kate Middleton's story) so you get to know all the characters in depth. It was a fun, light and great read. Funny at times, with sad and tear jerker moments. The ending was not what I expected but I loved it still, it felt genuine. It's a contemporary romance, and would be a great summer read. I would watch this if made into a movie.
This book was my mommy book club's pick, it's not something that I would have picked up on my own (unless it was recommended to me), but it's a great story and I can understand why this was the pick this month. It's about a book store owner, who is dealing with the recent death of this wife, he was left an unexpected package in his bookstore that changed his life. If you love books, then you will enjoy this story. The main character is cynical in the beginning but turns his life/attitude around. This is an "unforgettable tale of transformation and second chances, an irresistible affirmation of why we read, and why we love". A very heartfelt book that spans a decade, but also has some funny moments in between. After reading this book, it makes me want to travel to the small town of Alice Island and hangout in their bookstore.
"We read to know we're not alone. We read because we are alone. We read and we are not alone. We are not alone".
This was a great book that made me think of my own life and my role as a mother, wife and sister. It's about Alice, who fell and lost the memories of the last 10 years of her life. She doesn't recognize her current life, and can't believe how things have changed so much in the last decade and what she has become, someone she doesn't recognize.
Alice must discover whether forgetting is a blessing or a curse, and whether it's possible to start over. This is considered a chick lit book and Alice is a very funny and likable heroine. The question of how the sweet innocent Alice can reconcile with her mature disillusioned self and restore her relationships is what drives this book. The book is about what makes us who we are and how do we get back to our real selves? This was light hearted and a page turner. I borrowed the book from the library and returned it unfinished, so I picked up the audio version to finish. This was my first read from this author, and I've added all her other books on my queue.


I heard this single on my commute home yesterday and immediately had to stop what I was doing at the moment to see who the artist was that created this wonderful collection of sounds. Toddla T is an English DJ and record producer from Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England.
The song starts off with emotional cries from the vocalist Andrea Martin, only to be met with an uptempo, dance-inspired house track. With the help of music legend Chilly Gonzales on the production of the song, both musicians knocked this single out of the park. Have a look and listen to the song below.


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Sperm Warfare (Or: Why it Takes 1 Billion Sperm to Make One Zygote)
BY Matt Soniak
iStock/Bet_Noire
The average man produces roughly 525 billion sperm cells over his lifetime and releases, in one way or another, more than one billion of them per month and anywhere from 40 million to 1.2 billion in a single ejaculation. The males of other species boast some equally impressive numbers: 280 million, 1 billion and 3 billion per ejaculate for rabbits, sheep and bulls, respectively. If it only takes one sperm cell to fertilize an egg, though, why produce so many?
The Seminal Wars
The females of many species mate with and receive the sperm of multiple males, often in quick succession. Deep in the lady's nether regions, those sperm compete to fertilize the egg. Now, if you're serious about winning a lottery or a raffle, you don't buy just one ticket do you? No, you buy several to increase your probability of winning. Sperm, in a way, are a lot like lottery tickets. If you're serious about passing on your genes, then you want to get as many sperm as possible near a fertile egg cell. (In other ways, they're not like lottery tickets at all, and I would discourage you from trying to buy them in gas stations or convenience stores.) For a male, the more of his sperm going up against his rivals' seed, the merrier.
Sperm competition is such a powerful selective pressure, in fact, that it influences the size of the testes and the volume of ejaculate of some animals and causes others to modulate the amount of sperm they produce based on the presence of a rival male. Male chimpanzees, who face high levels of sperm competition, possess the largest testes among the great apes. Gorillas, who face almost no sperm competition thanks to a rigid social structure where the dominant male alone gets to mate with all the females, don't need to waste precious energy and resources on sperm production and hence have some downright dinky testes—almost 15 times smaller than chimps' (relative to their body weight).
Male humans would feel somewhat embarrassed if they were naked in a locker room full of chimps, but still pretty good about themselves if they were naked and surrounded by silverbacks (nervous, too, perhaps). Evolutionary biologists are still trying to work out whether our relatively large testes are leftovers from some point in our evolutionary past, or if sperm competition was at one point an important factor in human reproduction.
It's not a sprint. It's a marathon
Sperm competition isn't a prevalent problem among modern Homo sapiens and guys don't really need a veritable army of sperm to race someone else's genes to an egg. We still need an awful lot of those squiggly little cells, though, because even if there's no other sperm to compete against, every man's little swimmers still have to fight in a battle of the sexes. Females demand only the finest sperm for their eggs, and the war their bodies wage on sperm is one of attrition.
After insemination, the sperm cells of humans, and many other species, have a long trip ahead of them, relative to their tiny size. At every step of the way, many sperm cells run out of energy or die and their surviving brothers are forced to leave them behind: only a portion of the sperm that are deposited into the vagina make it to the uterus, an even smaller group get to the oviducts and a fraction of those make their way to the upper oviduct where the egg is actually located. Once the sperm reach the egg, things don't get any easier. One does not simply walk into Mordor. The egg is covered by a thick layer of gelatinous, follicular cells called the cumulus oophorus, which acts as a barrier, and it often takes the assault of several sperm cells to break it down enough for one lucky one to get through and fertilize the egg. Charles Lindemann, who researches the mechanisms of sperm motility at Oakland University in Rochester, Michigan, likens the whole ordeal to a "marathon run in a maze filled with mucus followed by an obstacle course."
The odds stacked against any single sperm cell making the grueling journey to the egg can be offset by producing a large number of sperm. While just a small fraction of the sperm will reach their destination and do the job they were made to do, having a few million more cells backing them up makes for a pretty good reproductive insurance policy.
science top-story
15 Curious Facts About Sherlock Holmes
BY David W Brown
Historica Graphica Collection/Heritage Images/Getty Images
The Great Detective: The Amazing Rise and Immortal Life of Sherlock Holmes is a sprightly, riveting exploration of Sherlock Holmes—and the character's thriving, eccentric subculture. Zach Dundas, the book's author, reveals that the frenzy surrounding Sherlock isn't strictly a Benedict Cumberbatch-related phenomenon. The master of Baker Street, who was born on January 6, 1854, has always inspired fanatical devotion and feverish anticipation. Here are 15 details about literature's greatest detective, as revealed in The Great Detective.
1. There is a Sherlock Holmes equivalent of Trekkies.
The Print Collector/Getty Images
There are as many as 300 societies dedicated to Sherlock Holmes. Devotees of the detective call themselves Sherlockians or Holmesians. There is some division in their ranks as to how the terms should be applied, though generally speaking, American fans are Sherlockians and British fans are Holmesians.
2. Sherlock Holmes societies are a kind of literary United Nations.
Perhaps the most prestigious Sherlock Holmes society is the Baker Street Irregulars, an invitation-only organization that was originally named for Holmes's intelligence network of homeless children. Other clubs include the Sherlock Holmes Society of London, the Bootmakers of Toronto, the Great Herd Bisons of the Fertile Plains, and the Seventeen Steppes of Kyrgyzstan. There are also trade-specific Sherlock societies for such groups as poets, psychologists, and mathematicians ("the last named for Moriarty, of course," Zach Dundas writes).
3. Sherlock Holmes's influence was vast among elite writers.
T.S. Eliot said, "Every writer owes something to Holmes." John Le Carre described the short stories as "a kind of narrative perfection." Dorothy Sayers even wrote a treatise on Watson's name, attempting to work out how it changed from John H. Watson to James in a later story. She eventually speculated that the middle initial H is short for Hamish, the Scottish form of James. (This is the convention used in the television series Sherlock.)
4. It all started with Edgar Allan Poe.
Mathew Brady, U.S. National Archives and Records Administration, Public Domain, Wikimedia Commons
Detective fiction was still in its infancy when Arthur Conan Doyle wrote his stories. Edgar Allan Poe introduced to the genre the concept of a single detective whose cases span several stories. Later, Wilkie Collins elevated the genre with his serials. Conan Doyle brought together the forms of the genre, elevated it with his prose and pacing, and modernized it by having his protagonist use science as part of his investigation. The first character in fiction to use a magnifying glass to help solve a case? You guessed it.
5. The proto-Sherlock Holmes was a doctor ...
When Conan Doyle began sketching out the character, he thought back to his medical school days and recalled a professor with an astonishing eye for detail. Dr. Joseph Bell was known to make accurate diagnoses of his patients from such details as patterns of wear on trousers, bearing, and general disposition. "All careful teachers have first to show the student how to recognize accurately the case," Bell explained. How stunning was the Bell-Holmes resemblance? Upon reading a Sherlock Holmes story, Robert Louis Stevenson, a fellow student of University of Edinburgh, wrote Conan Doyle a letter complimenting the character and his adventures, and asking in closing, "Can this be my old friend Joe Bell?"
6. ... Or maybe Sherlock Holmes wasn't a doctor.
The "St. Luke Mystery," a sensational, real-life case in 1881 in which a London baker disappeared, might have in some way inspired Conan Doyle. A German named Walter Scherer was brought on to help investigate the incident. He described himself as a professional "consulting detective"—hardly a commonplace professional description, and the same one that would eventually describe the man working from 221B Baker Street. Some, most notably author Michael Harrison, argue that Scherer, not Bell, was the model for Sherlock Holmes.
7. Arthur Conan Doyle popularized a new storytelling format.
Photos.com/iStock via Getty Images
When Conan Doyle wrote his short stories, he recognized that serial narratives were falling out of favor with readers—it was too easy to miss one issue and thus lose one's place in a continuing story. For his Sherlock Holmes stories, he developed a format in which the characters and general circumstances would remain the same, but each story would be standalone and able to be read in any order.
8. Sherlock Holmes was the original success kid.
Long before we took to Twitter to write, "I believe in Sherlock Holmes," the detective was a viral sensation. One year after publication of "A Scandal in Bohemia," the first Holmes short story, some magazines were already parodying the character, some were publishing thinly-disguised rip-offs, and theatrical companies were performing the character in unauthorized stage productions.
9. The hunt for 221B Baker Street is ongoing.
Part of the allure and longevity of the Sherlock Holmes short stories are their settings. Holmes's London is real and thriving, and the places in which he has his adventures are real places. His apartment, 221B Baker Street, however, is fogged in mystery. When the stories were written, Baker Street addresses did not go as high as 221, and Conan Doyle refused to divulge the building's inspiration. For nearly a century, scholars have worked hard to uncover it, going so far as to subject the numbers mentioned in the Holmes texts to Voynich-Manuscript-level scrutiny, and even mapping the backyards of Baker Street, comparing them to details mentioned in the text.
10. Sherlock Holmes's cases are not true crime stories.
Conan Doyle's historical novels were meticulously researched. As The Great Detective notes, to get the details correct, the author might read "hundreds of volumes on, say, English archery, or Napoleon." The Sherlock Holmes stories, however, were dashed out as quickly as four in two weeks. In "Adventure of the Speckled Band," for example, Holmes determines that the murderer controls a snake with a whistle and a bowl of milk. As Zach Dundas writes, "snakes can't hear and don't drink milk. Does anyone care?"
11. Arthur Conan Doyle was on a nature hike when he decided how Sherlock Holmes would die.
The fabulous success of Sherlock Holmes might eventually have become a bit too much for Conan Doyle, and to get on with his life he eventually resolved to kill off the detective. Just about everyone begged him not to, from his mother to his publisher, but his mind was set on it. He only needed a death suitable for his icon. While vacationing in Switzerland, he and a group of friends went hiking. When they came upon Reichenbach Falls, Conan Doyle decided that it was a fitting grave for Sherlock Holmes.
12. But the great detective wasn't done yet.
At the time of Holmes's untimely death, Conan Doyle was a wealthy man and a fixture of society. Years later, his spending began outpacing the growth of his income, and returning to Sherlock Holmes became an appealing option. Rather than raise the detective from the dead, he authorized a stage production based on Holmes. In 1901, Strand magazine began serializing The Hound of the Baskervilles, a new Holmes novel written by Conan Doyle. (To get around the thorny problem of Holmes having plummeted down Reichenbach Falls, the novel was set in a time previous to that story.) In 1903, Collier's Weekly made Conan Doyle an offer: $1.3 million (in 2015 money) for a new series of Sherlock Holmes stories. Conan Doyle's response, by postcard: "Very well."
13. Arthur Conan Doyle: father to Sherlock Holmes—and peer?
During his lifetime, Arthur Conan Doyle did a little bit of everything, from transforming literature to running for Parliament to playing competitive sports. But Conan Doyle has had a post-death nearly as active as his life. Sherlock Holmes lives on, of course, but Conan Doyle has also become a compelling character in fiction. On the page, stage, and screen, the author can be found solving crimes that no one else can.
14. Arthur Conan Doyle's sanity was questioned.
Fine Art Images/Heritage Images/Getty Images
Toward the end of his life, Conan Doyle embraced spiritualism and invested considerable capital, both personal and financial, in spreading the message. He frequented psychics and mediums, held séances, and argued the existence of fairies, defending even the worst photographic forgeries of the winged sprites. One headline at the time summed up the situation, asking if the author was "hopelessly crazy."
15. Sherlock Holmes was first in peace, first in war, and first in the hearts of his countrymen.
Though Conan Doyle couldn't conceive of Sherlock Holmes in a world post-World-War-I, the great detective saw quite a bit of action during World War II. As noted in The Great Detective, Holmes appeared in British propaganda videos; one of his stories was required reading for soldiers in the Soviet army; Britain's wartime spy agency set up shop on Baker Street and called themselves the "Baker Street Irregulars"; and one of the two films found in Hitler's bunker was The Hound of the Baskervilles.
books crime Lists literature mystery News Pop Culture
Headless Torso Found in Idaho Cave 40 Years Ago Confirmed to Be Missing Murderer
senata, iStock via Getty Images
A new wrinkle has been added to a 40-year-old murder mystery. As The Guardian reports, a headless torso found in an Idaho cave in 1979 has been identified as the remains of Joseph Henry Loveless. Loveless was an escaped convict who murdered his wife in 1916, but the identity of his killer remains unknown.
The body was discovered by a family looking for arrowheads in Buffalo Cave in Clark County, Idaho, on August 26, 1979. The dismembered torso was wrapped in a burlap sack and dressed in dark pants, a pinstriped shirt, and a maroon sweater. It had been buried in a shallow grave 18 inches deep.
The case stayed cold until 1991, when a girl found a mummified hand in the same cave system. Authorities later uncovered an arm and two legs—all wrapped in burlap—in the area. Crime and anthropology experts from Idaho State University, the Smithsonian Institution, and the FBI were called to aid in the investigation, but with no head to match the body, their work sputtered.
At the end of 2019, the case saw its first major breakthrough. Earlier that year, Idaho State University and the Clark County police had reached out to the DNA Doe Project—a nonprofit that uses forensic genealogy to identify remains—for its expertise. By building a genealogical tree and digging up historical records, they were able to connect the body to Joseph Henry Loveless, a descendent of Mormon pioneers and a felon who was last seen escaping from jail in 1916.
Loveless used an ax to murder his second wife, Agnes Octavia Caldwell Loveless, on May 5, 1916. By that time, he had already been arrested twice for bootlegging and had escaped imprisonment by sawing through his jail bars. The DNA Doe Project reports [PDF] that one of Loveless's children was quoted as saying at his mother Agnes's funeral: "Papa never stayed in jail very long and he'll soon be out."
Loveless slipped out of his jail cell on May 18, 1916, and was never seen alive by authorities again. His wanted poster described him as wearing a red sweater and black trousers—the same clothing found on his body decades later. This leads investigators to believe that he died shortly after escaping jail in 1916.
Clark County authorities contacted the 87-year-old grandson of Joseph Henry Loveless, who now lives in California, and asked for a DNA sample. Their analysis confirmed that the grandson is the direct descendent of the man found in Buffalo Cave. Beyond that, Loveless's living relatives weren't able to provide any leads, as they hadn't been aware of their ancestor's colorful history. For now, the case of the escaped murderer's own grisly death remains open.
[h/t The Guardian]
Genealogy law mystery News

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text:
Q: Access violation when assigning dynamic array to variable (Pascal) I'm getting an access error when assigning a dynamic array of type array of integer to a variable also of type array of integer. The function PRGA returns an array of integer.
The line in question is:
keystream := PRGA(S, length(plaintext));

This is the full code:
program rc4;
uses
  sysutils, strutils;
type
  myArray = array[0..255] of integer;
  dynamicArray = array of integer;
  dynamicArrayString = array of string;
var
  S : myArray;
  keystream, cipher : dynamicArray;
  hexCipher : dynamicArrayString;
  key, plaintext, cipherString : string;
  i, sizeOfArray, sizeOfHexArray : integer;

function KSA(key : AnsiString) : myArray;
var
    i, j, key_length, temp, interJ: integer;
begin
    key_length := length(key);
    key_length := key_length;
  interJ := 0;
  j := 0;
  temp := 0;
  for i := 0 to 256 do
    S[i] := i;
  for i := 1 to 256 do  // allows access to first element of ansistring.
  begin                 // key[0] cannot be accessed
    interJ := i mod key_length;
    if interJ = 0 then  // if interJ is 0, key[0] cannot be accessed
      interJ := 3;      // 3 mod 3 = 0
    j := ((j + S[i-1] + ord(key[interJ])) mod 256);
    temp := S[i-1];
    S[i-1] := S[j];
    S[j] := temp;
  end;
  KSA := S;
end;

function PRGA(S : myArray; n : integer) : dynamicArray;
var
  i, j, K, temp, sizeOfArray : integer;
  key : dynamicArray;
begin
  i := 0;
  j := 0;
  K := 0;
  temp := 0;
  sizeOfArray := n - 1;
  SetLength(key, sizeOfArray);
  while n > 0 do
  begin
    n := n - 1;
    i := (i + 1) mod 256;
    j := (j + S[i]) mod 256;
    temp := S[i];
    S[i] := S[j];
    S[j] := temp;
    K := S[(S[i] + S[j]) mod 256];
    key[i-1] := K;
  end;
  PRGA := key;
end;

begin
  sizeOfArray := 0;
  key := 'Key';
  plaintext := 'Plaintext';
  S := KSA(key);
  keystream := PRGA(S, length(plaintext));
  for i := 0 to (length(plaintext) - 1) do
  begin
    sizeOfArray := sizeOfArray + 1;
    SetLength(cipher, sizeOfArray);
    cipher[i] := ((keystream[i]) xor (ord(plaintext[i+1])));
  end;

  sizeOfHexArray := 0;
  for i := 0 to sizeOfArray - 1 do
  begin
    sizeOfHexArray := sizeOfHexArray + 1;
    SetLength(hexCipher, sizeOfHexArray);
    hexCipher[i] := IntToHex(cipher[i], 2);
  end;
  cipherString := '';
  for i := 0 to sizeOfHexArray - 1 do
  begin
    cipherString := cipherString + hexCipher[i];
  end;
  writeln(cipherString);
end.

I assumed that it was because the size of the keystream variable did not have a size. However using SetLength(keystream,length(plaintext)) still leads to an access violation.

A: There is good news. You don't need the hexCipher array at all. Just do:
cipherString := '';
for I := 0 to High(cipher) do
  cipherString := cipherString + IntToHex(cipher[I], 2);

But there are many one-off errors in your program. Take a look at KSA. I rewrote it a bit:
function KSA(const key: AnsiString): myArray;
var
  i, j, key_length, temp: integer;
begin
  key_length := length(key);
  j := 0;
  for i := Low(S) to High(S) do
    S[i] := i;
  for i := Low(S) to High(S) do
  begin
    j := ((j + S[i] + ord(key[i mod key_length + 1])) mod 256);
    temp := S[i];
    S[i] := S[j];
    S[j] := temp;
  end;
  KSA := S;
end;

Key is a string, and one-based, so you must just add one to index it. No need for interJ. This entire 1 to 256 thing doesn't make sense. You want to change the array S, so use Low() and High() (perhaps you must enable "mode delphi" to use those, I don't know). The mod 256 used ensures that the index j remains in the range 0..255.
Also, key[i mod key_length] would be fine for zero-based strings, but this is Pascal, not Python (referencing your previous question under a different name), so you must simply add 1 to the index to get a valid AnsiString index: key[i mod key_length + 1]. Anything else would change the logic of the original program.
An example: say your key is 'Secret', as in the original Python example. Then the key_length is 6, so i mod key_length is in the range 0..5. But your string has indices 1..6, so simply add 1 to index the string.
And there is no good reason whatsoever to use interJ := 3 anywhere. That makes absolutely no sense.
There are other, similar problems (one-off wrong indexes) in the rest of your code. I guess you can solve them yourself.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Stress & the Stress Response.
Stress is an encroachment on your body's life force. Your body does an absolute splendid job of maintaining the various systems that make up your life force within very narrow margins. The collection of your biological variables—the body's temperature, blood sugar, bone mass, blood pressure, pH, skin pigment, adipose levels, heart rate, growth hormone levels, immune response, hydration level, oxygen content, etc.—are all kept within certain parameters, and this maintenance has been termed, "homeostasis". In fact, this is what life is: The innate ability to withstand the natural forces of erosion. The environment within which you live is constantly trying to erode your biological systems. For example, if the ambient temperature grows cold, it will, if left unchecked, draw out your body's heat. This encroachment is kept at bay as your body responds to this stressor, deploying several feedback loops to maintain your homeostatic internal temperature. Stress is a vital part of life. If there were no stress at all, you would be unable to deal with any changes in the environment and would effectively cease to be in this world that we know.
The body's response to stress is elicited when system homeostasis is threatened—whether real or imagined. The intensity of the response is relative to the duration and intensity of the encroachment. The response is a cascade of neuroendocrine, neurotransmitters, cytokines, and growth factors that seek to mobilize energy and assist in restoring homeostasis. This action is mitigated through a negative feedback loop, which, similar to how your home's thermostat operates, attempts to reverse a change in a variable. When the temperature of your home drops below the setting on the thermostat, sensors in the device send input to the furnace, switching it on to heat the air. When the air temperature then climbs above the setting, the device will send input to the furnace to switch off.
We may be able to say that environmental encroachments of very low intensity elicit little or no stress response and that the biological systems in place can correct the change. However, any system needs additional energy to work and one of the paramount functions of the stress response is to mobilize energy, so, perhaps the stress response is part and parcel of normal homeostatic function. As the stressor increases in intensity and/or duration, there is certainly a marked response of the stress system. For example, it is well known that a drop in blood sugar below normal levels—hypoglycemia—will elicit the stress response. However, under normal conditions, a slight drop in blood sugar "should" be corrected by the release a pancreatic hormone called glucagon, which acts on the liver, stimulating the release of glucose into the bloodstream. This is also one reason why fasting works well for some, not so well for others, and differently on the same individual at different times—the intensity of the associated stress response.
There is almost no function of the body that remains unaffected by the stress response. Arousal is heightened; sleep is reduced; metabolism, heart rate, and blood pressure are increased; growth and reproduction are halted; gastrointestinal function and digestion are inhibited; and the immune system and inflammatory response are enlisted. The body is primed to deal with the encroachment, and this is all part of a healthy functioning organism. However, as the duration of the encroachment lengthens, the stress response can change the function of the organism from normal and healthy to a pathological disease track. Hormesis is defined as a biological phenomenon that results in beneficial changes in an organism when exposed to low dose toxins for short time. This hormetic effect is none other than your body adapting to a stressor. Any stressor can be toxic if exposure is too intense and/or too long in duration. When the body adapts to a stressor in a beneficial way, with the associated stress response in retreat is called, "health". The right amount of exercise has a hormetic effect; over-exercising leads to a diseased state.
Environmental encroachments—stress—affect us from everywhere, poor dietary choices, vehicular traffic, pollution, lack of exercise (or over-exercising), relationship friction, work obligations, etc; but the most intense of stressors in our modern society can affect us through our own mind. Psychological stress is an example of how the mind and brain (and body) are one. Something as seemingly benign as concern for an exam at school, or having an argument with your significant other, or socializing with new individuals can cause the same physiological response in the body as if fracturing a bone, or exposure to high heat. That is to say, something that doesn't exist in reality—you create it in your mind—can cause a real event in the body. It is these psychological stressors that can wreak the most havoc on our system and degrade human health, however, the problem is compounded when psychological stress is coupled with physical stressors such as over-exercising, poor nutrition, poor oral hygiene, poor sleep hygiene, medical surgery, etc. So, in the context of worrying about your financial despair year in and year out, just a few cigarettes a day can finally result in disease.
Your ability to absorb stress, or your resilience to stress can be explained as a "biological bank account". If you are constantly withdrawing from this account without depositing any currency, you will eventually show the signs and symptoms of system dysfunction and ultimately, disease. Because life is an ever-adapting force, a net withdrawal of your biological resilience can take years to present as dysfunction. Moreover, there are currently no accurate methods with which to measure the balance of this account. You can literally feel a strong physiological stress response to an encounter with a bear while out hiking on a trail, e.g., but there is no way to feel the low level of chronic stress that we all endure day to day. The eventual signs and symptoms are the only evidence of a drained account.
The symptoms of over-stress are largely individual; some folks will experience high anxiety and panic disorder, others will experience depression, others will accumulate body fat, some will avoid social situations, others still will suffer from frequent colds and illness, or migraine headaches. Attempting to seek relief from these symptoms, these individuals will seek medical care, that usually result in the use of pharmaceutical therapies, adding to the overall stress that the body must deal with. So, as one set of symptoms might abate, time might reveal a new set of symptoms, all with the same root cause—the encroachment(s).
If the body is over-stressed for a long while, it is devoting a lot of energy to merely keep you limping along. This energy must be diverted from another need: Exercise, organ function, immune capacity, etc. You might feel generally healthy; perhaps a little off, or maybe just tired… all the while there is vast concert being orchestrated underneath the surface that is trying to maintain homeostasis. The very base of human health, everything considered, is to manage your stress such that your biological account stays deep in the black. Stress management begins with the removal or reduction of as many of the controllable stressors in your life, e.g., improved nutritional choices, start exercising (or stop over-exercising), cease alcohol/tobacco use, etc. Stress management then continues with certain practices that enable you to change your attitude toward life to a more hormetic one. In other words, both physical and psychological stress needs to be attended to. Over time, your biological bank account will grow (you will heal) and your resilience to stress will once again allow you to live and fulfilled, functional and healthier life.


text:
County appoints new vice-chair
Evart City Council approves special assessment
Evart LDFA dissolved, council votes 4-0 in favor
Green Door Baldwin to host grand opening
https://www.theheraldreview.com/sports/article/Long-Island-holds-off-St-Francis-BKN-for-69-66-14978967.php
Long Island holds off St. Francis (BKN) for 69-66 win
Updated 12:13 am EST, Thursday, January 16, 2020
NEW YORK (AP) — Raiquan Clark scored 17 points and Tyrn Flowers had a double-double and Long Island rallied then held of St. Francis (BKN) 69-66 on Wednesday.
Deniz Celen scored back-to-back layups to tie it at 63 before Julian Batts buried a 3-pointer with 3:12 left and the Sharks (8-9, 3-1 Northeast Conference) led the rest of the way. Neither team scored again until Batts' layup with 54 seconds left made it a five-point advantage.
Rob Higgins' 3 with eight seconds remaining reduced the deficit to 68-66 and the Terriers immediately fouled Flowers. He made 1 of 2 from the line, but Unique McLean missed a 3-point heave at the buzzer.
St. Francis led (7-9, 1-3) led 39-29 at halftime before Long Island used a 30-11 outburst to start the second half and led 59-50 before the Terriers got back in it.
Flowers scored 10 with 11 rebounds, Batts scored 15 and Virshon Cotton 10.
Celen scored 20 on 10-of-13 shooting with 10 rebounds, Higgins scored 20 and McLean 15 with 13 rebounds.
Hearst Newspapers © Copyright Hearst Media Midwest, LLC


What an absolutely fantastic day we had on Sunday. So much was achieved in the environmental area and by 4pm it looked completely different to how it looked at 11am. A huge thank you to everyone who came along and helped. All the children had a great time as well. As we all know running around outside is the best and cheapest form of entertainment! I'm sure they all slept well last night.
Many parents who helped yesterday were amazed and really didn't know what was behind the gate! It is a lovely natural resource that we have at school so we would like to show it off.
A special thank you to Will Carver who was our 'chief guru' yesterday. His knowledge of ponds, weeds and inspiration on how to transform the area was invaluable.


Sticking for the perception of "Creating products of top quality and producing friends with people today from all around the world", we constantly place the desire of shoppers to start with for Combustion Technology,The Internal Combustion Technology,Safe and Reliable. credit assures cooperation and preserve the motto within our minds: prospects first.
"We will devote ourselves to giving our esteemed buyers using the most enthusiastically thoughtful services for Kitchen burning gas ANZ - 8880. The product will supply to all over the world, such as: Colombia,San Marino,Latvia. We have now a large share in global market. Our company has strong economic strength and offers excellent sale service. Now we have established faith friendly harmonious business relationship with customers in different countries. such as Indonesia, Myanmar, Indi and other Southeast Asian countries and European African and Latin American countries.


"We establish a tutoring center within the neighborhood and it's kindergarten through fifth grade because we were told by the Department of Education ... that, at the third-grade level, if a child is behind there's a high, high probability that they will be dropping out of high school," Lillis said.
The Leaven centers offer homework help, reading intervention, healthy eating, and active living tips. But the centers also goes deeper, helping moms and dads navigate their own struggles. In addition to financial education for parents, The Leaven helps kids prepare for college.


December 3, 2013 (Source: CNW) — ("KEL" – TSX) – Kelt Exploration Ltd. ("Kelt" or the "Company") is pleased to announce that it has completed a bought deal private placement offering (the "Brokered Offering") with a syndicate of underwriters led by Peters & Co. Limited and including CIBC World Markets Inc., FirstEnergy Capital Corp., RBC Capital Markets, National Bank Financial Inc., Scotia Capital Inc., AltaCorp Capital Inc., Cormark Securities Inc., GMP Securities Inc., Dundee Capital Markets and Macquarie Capital Markets Canada Ltd. (collectively, the "Underwriters") pursuant to which the Company issued 10.0 million subscription receipts of Kelt ("Subscription Receipts") at a price of $8.15 per Subscription Receipt for gross proceeds of $81,500,000.
Kelt is also pleased to announce the completion of its previously announced non-brokered private placement offering (the "Non-Brokered Offering"), to certain directors and officers of the Company, of 2.4 million Subscription Receipts at a price of $8.15 per Subscription Receipt for gross proceeds of $19,560,000.
Each Subscription Receipt entitles the holder to receive, without payment of any additional consideration, one common share of the Company ("Common Shares") upon the Company being in a position to close the Asset Acquisition (defined below), other than the payment of the purchase price therefor.
As previously announced, Kelt has entered into an agreement (the "Acquisition Agreement") with a Canadian oil and gas company and an Alberta partnership to acquire certain crude oil and natural gas assets located at Pouce Coupe/Spirit River, in close proximity to Kelt's core producing areas at Grande Cache and Karr in west central Alberta for cash consideration of approximately $192.0 million, before closing adjustments (the "Asset Acquisition"). Kelt expects to fund the purchase price for the Asset Acquisition through the aggregate net proceeds from the Brokered Offering and the Non-Brokered Offering and existing cash on hand.
The Asset Acquisition is expected to close on or about December 20, 2013.
The gross proceeds from both the Brokered Offering and the Non-Brokered Offering have been placed in escrow, pending the the Company being in a position to close the Asset Acquisition, other than the payment of the purchase price. The Subscription Receipts and underlying Common Shares are subject to a statutory four (4) month hold period from the date hereof under applicable securities legislation.
This press release does not constitute an offer to sell or a solicitation of any offer to buy the Subscription Receipts in the United States. The Subscription Receipts have not been and will not be registered under the U.S. Securities Act of 1933 and may not be offered or sold in the United States absent registration or an applicable exemption from the registration requirements of such Act.
This press release contains forward-looking statements and forward-looking information within the meaning of applicable securities laws. The use of any of the words "expect", "anticipate", "continue", "estimate", "objective", "ongoing", "may", "will", "project", "should", "believe", "plans", "intends" and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking information or statements. In particular, this press release contains forward-looking statements concerning the timing and completion of the Asset Acquisition, the release from escrow of the proceeds from the Brokered Offering and the Non-Brokered Offering, and the use of proceeds from the Brokered Offering and the Non-Brokered Offering.
The forward-looking statements contained in this document are based on certain key expectations and assumptions made by Kelt, including: (i) with respect to the timing and completion of the Asset Acquisition, the satisfaction or waiver of all applicable conditions to closing; and (ii) with respect to the release from escrow of the proceeds from the Brokered Offering and the Non-Brokered Offering, the satisfaction of the respective escrow release conditions.
Although Kelt believes that the expectations and assumptions on which the forward-looking statements are based are reasonable, undue reliance should not be placed on the forward-looking statements because Kelt cannot give any assurance that they will prove to be correct. Since forward-looking statements address future events and conditions, by their very nature they involve inherent risks and uncertainties. Actual results could differ materially from those currently anticipated due to a number of factors and risks. These include, but are not limited to, the failure to obtain necessary financing in respect of the purchase price of the Asset Acquisition, the failure to obtain necessary regulatory approvals for the Asset Acquisition and risks associated with the oil and gas industry in general (e.g., operational risks in development, exploration and production; delays or changes in plans with respect to exploration or development projects or capital expenditures; the uncertainty of reserve estimates; the uncertainty of estimates and projections relating to production, costs and expenses; health, safety and environmental risks; commodity price and exchange rate fluctuations; and uncertainties resulting from potential delays or changes in plans with respect to exploration or development projects or capital expenditures).
The forward-looking statements contained in this document are made as of the date hereof and Kelt does not undertake any obligation to update publicly or revise any forward-looking statements or information, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, unless so required by applicable securities laws. Please refer to Kelt's Annual Information Form dated March 28, 2013 for additional risk factors relating to Kelt which is available for viewing on www.sedar.com.


text:
Q: Reflected radical symbol -- help with indices? I've been playing around with using a reflected radical as a logarithm symbol (see http://www.solidangl.es/2015/04/a-radical-new-look-for-logarithms.html) since I first saw the idea last year.  I'd been hoping that someone more proficient than I would take the time to put something together for typesetting this in latex.  A year later, and it seems like that someone is going to be me.
It may not be the most elegant, but I've hacked something together using \scalebox from the graphicx package.
\usepackage{graphicx}
\newcommand{\FLIPINDEX}[1]{{\scalebox{1}[-1]{$\scriptscriptstyle{#1}$}}}
\newcommand{\FLIPARG}[1]{{\scalebox{1}[-1]{$\,#1$}}}
\newcommand{\usqrt}[2][\phantom{n}]{\scalebox{1}[-1]{$\sqrt[\FLIPINDEX{#1}]{\FLIPARG{#2}}$}}

(I'm not sure why defining \FLIPARG and \FLIPINDEX as separate commands made things work, while trying to include exactly that text within the \usqrt definition caused error after error, but it did work, so I'm sticking with it.)
For example, \usqrt{2^x} will give the log of 2^x.  There are some questionable vertical spacing issues with the placement of the horizontal line, but I'm willing to live with them.
The big problem that I am not sure how to resolve is the vertical placement of the index.  In theory, you can use \usqrt[2]{x} or \usqrt[10]{x} to get different bases for the logarithm.  The problem is that my flip-and-flip-again procedure causes the index to be exactly where it originally would be vertically -- which is now the middle of the square-root symbol.
Does anyone have any ideas on how to move the base of the index to the baseline of the expression?

A: As I commented, the reason it does not work when you substitute the text directly from \FLIPARG into \usqrt is that it places an optional argument (of \scalebox) within an optional argument of \sqrt. The LaTeX parsing algorithm cannot handle that type of syntax.
To move the index down, I did a simple \raisebox on the flipped index.  It is not as simple as moving it to the baseline, because the flipped radical will not always be at the same vertical height, but will shift vertically based on the height of the content (i.e., the presence of sub and superscripts).  Thus, what can be achieved this way is to make the index at the same location relative to the root sign.
I also modified the kern of \FLIPARG.
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\newcommand{\FLIPINDEX}[1]{{\scalebox{1}[-1]{$\scriptscriptstyle{#1}$}}}
\newcommand{\FLIPARG}[1]{{\scalebox{1}[-1]{$\mkern2mu#1$}}}
\newcommand{\usqrt}[2][\phantom{n}]{\scalebox{1}[-1]{$\sqrt[\raisebox{4pt}{\FLIPINDEX{#1}}]{\FLIPARG{#2}}$}}
\begin{document}
\[
\sqrt[3]{2^x}
\usqrt[10]{2^x}
\usqrt[3]{x^2}
\usqrt[3]{2x_i}
\]
\end{document}


A currency crisis in Turkey has rattled global stock markets. Before the selloff, our multi asset funds were already positioned relatively defensively, with the smallest overweight in equities since 2012 and favouring the US over emerging markets.
We continued to reduce exposures to stocks and commodities, bringing the latter allocation into line with the benchmark. The proceeds were moved into government bonds, short dated high yield debt and cash.
We will look to add back to stocks in coming months. We are modestly overweight global equities and short dated global high yield bonds.


• CMT-DC1K is composed of following models.
Here you can view online and download Sony CMT-DC1K Service Manual in PDF. CMT-DC1K service manual will guide through the process and help you recover, restore, fix, disassemble and repair Sony CMT-DC1K Audio. Information contained in service manuals typically includes schematics / circuit diagrams, wiring diagrams, block diagrams, printed wiring boards, exploded views, parts list, disassembly / assembly, pcb.


The rate of new Melanomas is lower in California than in Maine, per the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Even on slightly cloudy or cool days, UV rays are at work.
Helping bring Skin Cancer rates down is integral to our mission here at éclipse. Please know, cloudy skies are deceiving. UV rays still go through and hit your skin. It's easy to think of places like California as being most at-risk for skin damage. It looks like it is not that simple.
According to the (CDC), the highest rates of melanoma are in some of the cloudiest states, like Washington, Oregon, and Vermont.
Wear protective clothing to shield skin, says the CDC. When it comes to developing melanoma, the biggest risk factors are sun exposure and white skin. Your best bet is to wear protective clothing every day, even when it's cloudy.


text:
Former SSP wanted in Behbal Kalan firing case arrested
Hoshiarpur: Former SSP Charanjit Singh Sharma, who was wanted for Behbal Kalan firing, was arrested on Sunday morning from his house here.
He was taken into custody by the Special Investigation Team (SIT) at 4.30 am following a raid at his house.
During the raid, Sharma tried to escape by jumping over the wall but was nabbed.
In 2015, a case was filed against unidentified police officials at Bajakhana police station in Faridkot district after two persons were killed in police firing during an anti-sacrilege protest.
Later in August 2018, acting on the recommendations of the retired Justice Ranjit Singh Commission, the Punjab Police included names of four police personnel in the FIR of the case.
Names of Provincial Police Services (PPS) officers Charanjit Singh Sharma along with Bikramjit Singh, Pardip Singh and Amarjit Singh were added to the case following the directives of Chief Minister Captain Amarinder Singh.
Categories India Tags SIT, SSP Post navigation
I enjoy doing political films: John Abraham
India, China reaffirms their commitment of maintaining peace along border


In April/May 2016, another 125kg was imported, which could create 850kg of medium-strength cocaine when cut with high-purity cocaine.
Drug experts put the wholesale value of the medium-strength cocaine on the streets at more than £30m.
Benzocaine costs around £100 to £300 per kg compared to £35,000 to £50,000 per kg for cocaine, depending on its purity.
But it has a similar appearance and acts in a similar way to cocaine, so is often used to bulk out cocaine reducing its purity often without detection.
The benzocaine imported by the group was believed to have been distributed across the UK.
Stoke-on-Trent Crown Court also heard the group cheekily arranged for collection of the packages under the name of Charles or Charlie, both common references to cocaine.
And one of the men, Hampshire-based Nicholas Elliott also had the name 'Gaz – Coke-on-Trent' stored in his phone, referring to his Potteries-based dealer Gareth Marsh and the quality of the product he was buying.
The investigation by Staffordshire Police's Major and Organised Crime department began on November 12, 2015, when 26.9 kilograms of benzocaine was intercepted in a package with a Stoke address by customs at Coventry Airport.
Detectives began the painstaking process of building a case through surveillance combined with CCTV, phone evidence and tracking of parcels.
On May 17, 2016, a seizure of 30.76kg of benzocaine addressed to Andrew Fradley and Karen Broad's home address in Stoke was made at Manchester Airport.
Documents seized at their address identified more benzocaine shipments in 2015 and 2016.
Manchester-based Brian Bowden led the cocaine supply side of the operation.
On June 1, 2016 Bowden and accomplice Gareth Marsh were arrested in Manchester and half a kilo of high-purity cocaine seized from Marsh's vehicle and Bowden's Droylsden address.
Earlier that day, Bowden and Marsh met up at the Little Chef, Knutsford, car park and a brick-like package believed to be a large quantity of cash was handed to Bowden.
Large quantities of benzocaine, a hydraulic press, which was used to re-block cocaine, and numerous items used in the commercial production of cocaine were later seized from a container in Park Hall, Stoke.
The container was used by Marsh to supply groups, including one led by Andrew Lawton.
Packaging found in relation to the benzocaine was very similar to the packaging intercepted and recovered from Fradley and Broad's home address.
The arrests of Fradley, Broad and Gary Davies on July 21, 2016, led to the seizure of high-purity cocaine and 38.7kg of benzocaine. Around £8,000 in cash was also seized from Davies.
On June 2, around £11,000 was seized from Marsh's home address.
The court heard Marsh began dealing to Elliott, who travelled from Hampshire for cocaine, and the group led by Andrew Lawton, which also included Kurt Jackson, James Foster, Jenny Legge and Ross Slater.
Det Insp Lesley Fowler, of Staffordshire Police's Major and Organised Crime department, said officers had worked closely with colleagues from the Crown Prosecution Service.
"This has been a complex and far-reaching investigation so we're delighted the hard work and dedication of officers and CPS has resulted in these sentences.
Alex Warren, senior crown prosecutor with the CPS, said: "This was a particularly challenging case to investigate and prosecute with multiple suspects performing different roles over a significant period of time, and going to some lengths to disguise their conduct.
Following a trial at Stoke-on-Trent Crown Court in October and November Broad was found guilty of intentionally encouraging or assisting the commission of an either way offence.
Fradley pleaded guilty to those offences in December 2017 and also pleaded to conspiring to supply cocaine.
Elliott was found guilty of possession with intent to supply cocaine and supplying cocaine.
Bowden, the Marsh brothers, and Davies all pleaded guilty to two counts of conspiracy to supply cocaine at an earlier hearing. Lawton, Jackson and Foster pleaded to a single count.
Slater pleaded guilty to possession with intent to supply cocaine and to supplying cannabis.
Legge pleaded guilty to possession with intent to supply cocaine and supplying cocaine.
Elliott was sentenced in December, Fradley was sentenced on January 15 and all the others were sentenced on February 25 and 26; all at Wolverhampton Crown Court.
Andrew Fradley, 50, of Apedale Road, Bignall End, Stoke-on-Trent, sentenced to 17 years 6 months.


New Plymouth Airport serves the city of New Plymouth, and the surrounding region of Taranaki. It is on the west coast of New Zealand's North Island and is 11 km from the city centre. New Plymouth Airport is currently undergoing a $28.7 million terminal upgrade which is expected to be complete in 2019 and will increase the terminal floor size by more than double its current size and include new features like security screening and mechanical baggage claims.
In terms of passenger numbers, it was the 9th busiest in New Zealand in 2016, with 411,661 people flying to the airport, a 20.3 percent increase on 2015 statistics. Jetstar's new regional services to New Plymouth was responsible for the large jump. Hence, more people fly to New Plymouth than other cities with larger populations such as Hamilton and Tauranga. Get in touch to learn more about New Plymouth Airport Advertising.


text:
Q: Calculate useAll field Given the input table, I hope to set a field for FreightTypeID called useAll
useAll is 1 if there does not exist a nil value,
otherwise, it's 0.
This is the input table
   FreightID  FreightTypeID  Order
0          1              1    1.0
1          2              1    3.0
2          3              1    NaN
3          4              2    1.0
4          5              2    2.0
5          6              2    3.0
6          7              3    NaN
7          8              3    NaN
8          9              3    NaN

And the code for input table:
solution_dic = {"FreightID": [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9], "FreightTypeID": [1,1,1,2,2,2,3,3,3], "Order": [1,3,None,1,2,3,None,None,None]}
df=pd.DataFrame(solution_dic)

Below is the outcome
   FreightTypeID  UseAll
0              1       0
1              2       1
2              3       0

How should I achieve that?

A: Use:
df.groupby('FreightTypeID')['Order'].apply(lambda x: ~x.isnull().values.any())

Or:
df.groupby('FreightTypeID')['Order'].apply(lambda x: x.notna().all())

Output:
FreightTypeID
1    False
2     True
3    False
Name: Order, dtype: bool

Changing to what you want:
df.groupby('FreightTypeID')['Order'].apply(lambda x: x.notna().all().astype(int)).reset_index(name='UseAll')

Which produces:
FreightTypeID   UseAll
0   1   0
1   2   1
2   3   0


These Sextants are maufactured from solid polished Brass. The Sextants are high quality hand crafted reproductions of original Ships Navigation instruments. The Sextant was used to establish a ships position by using astro navigational sightings od the Sun, Moon and Stars. Although fully working these sextants are not certified for navigational purposes.


text:
What is a lexical definition in philosophy?
Definition, In philosophy, the specification of the meaning of an expression relative to a language. Lexical definition specifies the meaning of an expression by stating it in terms of other expressions whose meaning is assumed to be known (e.g., a ewe is a female sheep).
What are the five definitions of philosophy?
Theory or logical analysis of the principles underlying conduct, thought, knowledge, and the nature of the universe: included in philosophy are ethics, aesthetics, logic, epistemology, metaphysics, etc. Philosophy is often divided into five major branches: logic, metaphysics, epistemology, ethics and aesthetics.
What is the purpose of lexical definition?
Explaining How a Word is Used In General Contexts A lexical definition (sometimes also called a reportive definition) is any definition which explains how a word is actually used. It is thus distinct from stipulative definitions which simply propose a possible way to use a word and which may or may not be accepted.
What is the purpose of a lexical definition?
A lexical definition (sometimes also called a reportive definition) is any definition which explains how a word is actually used. It is thus distinct from stipulative definitions which simply propose a possible way to use a word and which may or may not be accepted.
Is there a Britannica article on lexical definition?
Lexical definition. language and philosophy. THIS IS A DIRECTORY PAGE. Britannica does not currently have an article on this topic. In definition Lexical definition specifies the meaning of an expression by stating it in terms of other expressions whose meaning is assumed to be known (e.g., a ewe is a female sheep).
What is the difference between lexical and postlexical phonology?
Postlexical phonology deals with phonological rules applied after the lexical rules have been applied, they are automatic according to the syntactical or phonological environment, think of the flapping rule typical of American English (the t sound in butter and little), it does not relate to any morphological rule to apply.
What is the meaning of a word in philosophy?
Word Meaning. Word meaning has played a somewhat marginal role in early contemporary philosophy of language, which was primarily concerned with the structural features of sentence meaning and showed less interest in the nature of the word-level input to compositional processes.
Who is best table tennis player in world?
Who is Acharya Harihar?


While some papers are below, my ResearchGate page is now where I tend to upload my full-texts.
Free fulltext downloads to my published articles and chapters, grouped by topic. For my books (and chapters in books), see this listing on Google.
Crampton 2007. "The Biopolitical Justification for Geosurveillance." Geographical Review, 97(3), pp. 389-403.
Crampton 2003. "Cartographic rationality and the politics of geosurveillance and security." CaGIS, 30(2), pp. 135-148.
Keep the good things, and thank you for the free full text download.
May I use the privacy google page image for an illustration in my Middle School classrom demonstrating the use of the Latin root word -priv-?


Can anybody help as I am trying to create a 40MM Shotgun/Buckshot round for the M79. I am familar with the XML editor.
If you need images Smeagol's AIMNAS has one. You can transfer images using sti-edit. If you are planning making your own mod you should ask for permission though.
Also which version are you planning to add? If you talking about SVN build you should use "item transformations". It would be easier.
sorry to sound like a noob but all I wanted was just some technical guidance on how to convert say a 40MM smoke grenade into a buckshot round which can fired from the M79.
You can't just create a buckshot grenade, it's a limitation of the engine. Basically, you have to add new gun, the '40mm shotgun' and a new caliber for that gun + a single round 'magazine' item of this 40mm type. You also need a way to convert your M79 to a M79 shotgun and back - see AIMNAS for reference, smeagol implemented this system in his mod.
I don't believe there is a way without converting gun. Launchers accept grenades as attachments not ammo so they don't have the same characteristics as other weapons.
Run XML Editor, duplicate M79, edit and convert this clone into a shotgun, use a merger or transformation to make convert M79 to shotgun variant and vice versa, make a 40mm shotgun shell item, set M79 clone's ammo to 40mm shotgun shell. Here is your shotgun M79.


It's the beginning of December and therefore time to showcase another cover artist. This month's spotlight is on Donato Giancola. He's been around for a while and like many artists in the genre he's done a lot of both fantastical and science fictional scenes. His work has a very lush, painted quality that can startlingly photo-realistic or abstract at will. His website is here.


Each of the First 3 Saturdays of the month will feature different point levels to test each commanders knowledge and strength of there army, so be sure to field a large variety in your army.
Store Created Missions will be in use so don,t bring a narrow army.
Rules to be used from the Core rule book as well as the most up to date FAQ and Chapter Approved.
However Mission rules Override core rules where applicable.
T.O will have final say over all decisions.
Please note that no lord of war are accepted .


text:
Some truly worthy honorees
Commander Coconut, Special to the SentinelORLANDO SENTINEL
As a new year begins, it's time for my periodic rant about the Kennedy Center Honors. True, the TV show is always good no matter who's honored (although it was maybe a little less interesting in 2006), but I'm not alone in questioning some of the choices.
A lot of folks have been overlooked. We expect you to write in and add to the list of worthy honorees (meaning you Patti Page and Eddy Arnold fans who have contacted us before). Here's my wish list of KCH candidates:
Sid Caesar, Jonathan Winters, Morgan Freeman, Phyllis Diller, Diane Keaton, Bette Midler, Barbara Cook, James Taylor, Woody Allen, Meryl Streep, Bonnie Raitt, Lily Tomlin, Barbra Streisand, Dustin Hoffman, Shirley Caesar, Arthur Laurents, Jane Fonda, Doris Day, Andy Griffith, Milton Berle, Billy Joel, the Eagles, Ethan & Joel Coen, Little Richard, Shirley MacLaine, Joni Mitchell, Mel Brooks, Francis Coppola, Martin Scorsese, Kathy Bates, Robert De Niro, Bob Newhart, Bruce Springsteen, the Everly Brothers, Merle Haggard, Peter, Paul & Mary, Tony Curtis, Nancy Wilson, Dick Hyman, Mary Tyler Moore, Jean Stapleton, Olivia de Havilland and her sister Joan Fontaine, Robert Duvall, Gene Hackman, Al Pacino.
The awards were begun in 1978 so people who died before then were out of luck.
But these are just a few people who died after 1978 and were eligible (but were never called): Gwen Verdon, Bob Fosse, Roy Orbison, Glenn Ford, Robert Altman, Stanley Kubrick, Peggy Lee, Rosemary Clooney, Ethel Merman, Marlon Brando, George Cukor, Barbara Stanwyck, Shirley Booth, Jackie Gleason, Orson Welles, Geraldine Page.
Notes on the 2006 awards: Dolly Parton, an honoree, has joined the Facework Freak Club with her old singing partner Kenny Rogers. And who was that sitting behind Dolly? Her alleged husband?
Dream weavers
I liked Dreamgirls better than I expected to, considering it doesn't have a great musical score. Very unusual, though, that the audience I saw the movie with applauded when Jennifer Hudson sang the living daylights out of "And I'm Telling You I'm Not Going" and again during her credit at the end. I have a feeling it was because not only was she good in the movie, but she was also voted out of American Idol. She was humbled just like her character in the movie, but she came back just like her character in the movie. I don't know how many other good movie roles there'll be for Hudson, but she certainly has a good recording and concert career ahead of her. A star is born.
I went to Dreamgirls on Christmas Day by myself. My friend in Boston said, "But what if you see somebody you know?" As if I would be ashamed or embarrassed to be seen alone on a holiday. I didn't see anyone I knew, but I like the tradition of going to a movie on Christmas Day. I think I'll stick to it.
Loretta Devine, who was an original Dreamgirl on Broadway in 1981, has a singing scene in the movie. (The other two originals were Sheryl Lee Ralph and Jennifer Holliday.) Devine's co-star on Boston Public, Sharon Leal, plays the fourth Dreamgirl. Seen in small roles: Urkel of Family Matters, Jaleesa of A Different World, Carmine from Laverne & Shirley and Dick of 3rd Rock From the Sun.
Adding to the movie: There were African-American women sitting behind me, and they punctuated the story now and then with "mmm, hmm." I love when they do that.
So, is this movie musical better than the one that won the best-picture Oscar a few years ago? You bet. The difference is in the direction. Chicago was much too music video-y. It's really a dance show, and you don't keep cutting to shots of hands and faces and then light it all badly besides. Dreamgirls gets a B-plus and Chicago a C.
She's one of those people you probably didn't know because she was a behind-the-scener. But Ariadne "Ari" Bloustein did a lot for dance in Orlando -- as teacher, critic, ombudsman, supporter. I got to know Ari when she did a dance column for the Sentinel, and I was her editor. Knowledgeable and passionate about dance (she had been in the corps de ballet at Radio City Music Hall), she was also gracious, warm and vivacious -- and "full of wisdom and care," as her daughter Arlyn puts it.
Besides teaching and coaching (gymnast Brandy Johnson was one of her coachees), Ari had a global impact with her choreography, putting together shows and parades in South Korea and Taiwan, some of them still running, as well as at Walt Disney World.
The last time I saw Ari was some months ago when I had dinner with the Blousteins and others at the home of Jim and Rachel Shipley. At the time, she said we'd all have to get together at her house, and she'd whip up one of her famous Greek meals. That didn't happen because we all got busy, and then Ari was ill with cancer.
Ari Bloustein died last month at age 69. Her husband, Peter, is presenting a tribute to her life and art at 3 p.m. Sunday at the Rosen Plaza, 9700 International Drive, Orlando.
Lisa S. sent me this note about the lutfisk item in my Dec. 22 column: "My 90-year-old Icelandic dad laughed at your column's description of lutfisk. He gave me the recipe for Icelandic lutfisk: 1) Nail fish on a wooden plank, 2) bake in oven, 3) remove from oven, throw away fish and eat the plank."
Joan Fontaine
Kennedy Center Honors


The Jean Monnet Activities aim at promoting excellence in teaching and research in the field of European Union studies. These activities are open to all countries in the world.
For a detailed description of all actions, please see the Erasmus+ programme guide.
A Jean Monnet Module is a short teaching programme or course (also summer course) in the field of EU studies at a higher education institution. Each module has a minimum duration of 40 teaching hours per academic year. Modules may concentrate on one particular discipline of EU studies or be multidisciplinary in approach and therefore call upon the input of several professors and experts. Jean Monnet Modules last 3 years.
A Jean Monnet Chair is a teaching position with a specialisation in EU studies for university professors or senior lecturers. A Jean Monnet Chair must be hold by only one professor, who must provide a minimum of 90 teaching hours per academic year.
A Jean Monnet Centre of Excellence is a focal point of competence and knowledge on EU subjects. It gathers the expertise of high-level experts and aims at developing synergies between the various disciplines and resources in EU studies, as well as creating joint activities with academic institutions in other countries. It also ensures openness to civil society.
This action consists of supporting academic associations that have as their explicit purpose to contribute to the study of the EU integration process.
Jean Monnet Networks supports the creation and development of consortia of international players (higher education institutions, departments, individual experts, etc.) in the area of EU studies. These projects will be focused on activities that cannot be acheived at national level and require the involvement of min. three partner institutions from three different countries.
Spread content projects which mainly concern information and dissemination activities (e.g conferences, seminars, etc.).


I made an article on this. But, I will again tell the basic things.
Search Engine Optimization(SEO) is the process of affecting the visibility of a website or a web page or a web search engine's unpaid results- often referred to as "natural", "organic" etc.
If you owned a blog then you have to do SEO for your blog. That's why I am here. I will help you with all your SEO problems and those solutions. Just believe me and support my work.
Before starting, here is a mind map of the Advance SEO strategies for your blog.
I will discuss all of them.
First, Title - Title is a factor for your blog. Unique and keyword riched title is always good for your blog. So, make sure you do it.
Description - Description is another vital thing to rank your website on google. Make the description keyword rich.
Meta Keywords - Those are the main thing for your blog. It is the meta keywords that help the google to find and rank your website on it. Use the main keywords that describe your blog into the meta keywords.
Google Analytics - After creating your blog you have to connect with Google analytics. By doing that you will be one step closer to the SEO.
Content - Content should be keyword riched. Use as many keywords as you want. After writing your content in the blogger, make sure to give a label, give search description and enable the custom robots tag.
Just go there, enter your website address and enter. With the robots.txt file generated you will also be able to create a sitemap for your blog. After creating, copy the code and paste it in your blogger robots.txt section. Just enable it and paste in then save the file. And you are done.
Some Advice: You have to look an eye on the images that you have been using. For Google rankings, it is a must to reduce the size of the images. In order to reduce the size of the images, many online png compressors are available there. One of them is TINYPNG.
So, that was the main things to SEO for your blog. That's it for today. See you in the next article.


Emotional intelligence (EQ) is recognised all over the world as one of the most important factors determining success. In March 2014 the second South African International Emotional Intelligence Conference takes place in Cape Town – and teachers can benefit from it.
Emotional intelligence (EQ) is recognised all over the world as one of the most important factors determining success.
In March 2014 the second South African International Emotional Intelligence Conference takes place in Cape Town – and teachers can benefit from it.
The conference will offer a special EQ Educational Forum aimed at equipping teachers to develop their own EQ skills and those of their learners.
One part of the conference is aimed at businesspeople but the weekend of 1 and 2 March is specifically for teachers. You can choose to attend one of two workshops – one on handling stress and the other on the building blocks of emotional intelligence.
YOU will present a session during the conference. Keep an eye on our Teachers for Change page for more details.
Register for the conference at www.sbs.co.za/eq2014. Don't delay.


text:
import { createHash } from 'crypto';
import * as fs from 'fs';
import { copyFile } from './copy-file';
import { allowMangle } from './environment-options';
import { CacheKey, ProcessBundleOptions, ProcessBundleResult } from './process-bundle';

const cacache = require('cacache');
const packageVersion = require('../../package.json').version;

export interface CacheEntry {
  path: string;
  size: number;
  integrity?: string;
}

export class BundleActionCache {
  constructor(private readonly cachePath: string, private readonly integrityAlgorithm?: string) {}

  static copyEntryContent(entry: CacheEntry | string, dest: fs.PathLike): void {
    copyFile(typeof entry === 'string' ? entry : entry.path, dest);

    if (process.platform !== 'win32') {
      // The cache writes entries as readonly and when using copyFile the permissions will also be copied.
      // See: https://github.com/npm/cacache/blob/073fbe1a9f789ba42d9a41de7b8429c93cf61579/lib/util/move-file.js#L36
      fs.chmodSync(dest, 0o644);
    }
  }

  generateBaseCacheKey(content: string): string {
    // Create base cache key with elements:
    // * package version - different build-angular versions cause different final outputs
    // * code length/hash - ensure cached version matches the same input code
    const algorithm = this.integrityAlgorithm || 'sha1';
    const codeHash = createHash(algorithm)
      .update(content)
      .digest('base64');
    let baseCacheKey = `${packageVersion}|${content.length}|${algorithm}-${codeHash}`;
    if (!allowMangle) {
      baseCacheKey += '|MD';
    }

    return baseCacheKey;
  }

  generateCacheKeys(action: ProcessBundleOptions): string[] {
    // Postfix added to sourcemap cache keys when vendor, hidden sourcemaps are present
    // Allows non-destructive caching of both variants
    const sourceMapVendorPostfix = action.sourceMaps && action.vendorSourceMaps ? '|vendor' : '';

    // sourceMappingURL is added at the very end which causes the code to be the same when sourcemaps are enabled/disabled
    // When using hiddenSourceMaps we can omit the postfix since sourceMappingURL will not be added.
    // When having sourcemaps a hashed file and non hashed file can have the same content. But the sourceMappingURL will differ.
    const sourceMapPostFix = action.sourceMaps && !action.hiddenSourceMaps ? `|sourcemap|${action.filename}` : '';

    const baseCacheKey = this.generateBaseCacheKey(action.code);

    // Determine cache entries required based on build settings
    const cacheKeys: string[] = [];

    // If optimizing and the original is not ignored, add original as required
    if (!action.ignoreOriginal) {
      cacheKeys[CacheKey.OriginalCode] = baseCacheKey + sourceMapPostFix + '|orig';

      // If sourcemaps are enabled, add original sourcemap as required
      if (action.sourceMaps) {
        cacheKeys[CacheKey.OriginalMap] = baseCacheKey + sourceMapVendorPostfix + '|orig-map';
      }
    }

    // If not only optimizing, add downlevel as required
    if (!action.optimizeOnly) {
      cacheKeys[CacheKey.DownlevelCode] = baseCacheKey + sourceMapPostFix + '|dl';

      // If sourcemaps are enabled, add downlevel sourcemap as required
      if (action.sourceMaps) {
        cacheKeys[CacheKey.DownlevelMap] = baseCacheKey + sourceMapVendorPostfix + '|dl-map';
      }
    }

    return cacheKeys;
  }

  async getCacheEntries(cacheKeys: (string | undefined)[]): Promise<(CacheEntry | null)[] | false> {
    // Attempt to get required cache entries
    const cacheEntries = [];
    for (const key of cacheKeys) {
      if (key) {
        const entry = await cacache.get.info(this.cachePath, key);
        if (!entry) {
          return false;
        }
        cacheEntries.push({
          path: entry.path,
          size: entry.size,
          integrity: entry.metadata && entry.metadata.integrity,
        });
      } else {
        cacheEntries.push(null);
      }
    }

    return cacheEntries;
  }

  async getCachedBundleResult(action: ProcessBundleOptions): Promise<ProcessBundleResult | null> {
    const entries = action.cacheKeys && await this.getCacheEntries(action.cacheKeys);
    if (!entries) {
      return null;
    }

    const result: ProcessBundleResult = { name: action.name };

    let cacheEntry = entries[CacheKey.OriginalCode];
    if (cacheEntry) {
      result.original = {
        filename: action.filename,
        size: cacheEntry.size,
        integrity: cacheEntry.integrity,
      };

      BundleActionCache.copyEntryContent(cacheEntry, result.original.filename);

      cacheEntry = entries[CacheKey.OriginalMap];
      if (cacheEntry) {
        result.original.map = {
          filename: action.filename + '.map',
          size: cacheEntry.size,
        };

        BundleActionCache.copyEntryContent(cacheEntry, result.original.filename + '.map');
      }
    } else if (!action.ignoreOriginal) {
      // If the original wasn't processed (and therefore not cached), add info
      result.original = {
        filename: action.filename,
        size: Buffer.byteLength(action.code, 'utf8'),
        map:
          action.map === undefined
            ? undefined
            : {
                filename: action.filename + '.map',
                size: Buffer.byteLength(action.map, 'utf8'),
              },
      };
    }

    cacheEntry = entries[CacheKey.DownlevelCode];
    if (cacheEntry) {
      result.downlevel = {
        filename: action.filename.replace(/\-(es20\d{2}|esnext)/, '-es5'),
        size: cacheEntry.size,
        integrity: cacheEntry.integrity,
      };

      BundleActionCache.copyEntryContent(cacheEntry, result.downlevel.filename);

      cacheEntry = entries[CacheKey.DownlevelMap];
      if (cacheEntry) {
        result.downlevel.map = {
          filename: action.filename.replace(/\-(es20\d{2}|esnext)/, '-es5') + '.map',
          size: cacheEntry.size,
        };

        BundleActionCache.copyEntryContent(cacheEntry, result.downlevel.filename + '.map');
      }
    }

    return result;
  }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Home / Apple / FTC approves massive $ 5 billion settlement with Facebook over Cambridge Analytical Scandal
FTC approves massive $ 5 billion settlement with Facebook over Cambridge Analytical Scandal
Late yesterday afternoon it was reported that the Federal Trade Commission approved a $ 5 billion deal with Facebook over its 2018 Cambridge Analytica scandal. The fine represents the largest that the FTC has imposed on a technical company.
Republican Congress David Cicilline called the settlement no more than "a blow to the wrist. This fine is a fraction of Facebook's annual revenue. It will not make them think twice about their responsibility to protect user data." [1
9659003] The CNBC report later stated that "The FTC began investigating Facebook in March 2018 after reports that political consulting firm Cambridge Analytica had access to the data of 87 million Facebook users. The agency was concerned that Facebook had violated the terms of a 2011 deal, something which meant that Facebook would give users very clear alerts when the data was shared with third parties. "
Is there any compensation set aside for Facebook users
About making comments on our site: Apple reserves the right to post, reject or edit any comments. Those who use abusive language or negative behavior will result in being blacklisted on Disqus.


This purple red Indian poly cotton sari fabric is a pure soft polyester cotton blend fabric in dual tone magenta/purple color with a red and golden jacquard border. The entire fabric has small woven embroidery at regular intervals.
The border of this beautiful fabric has floral design. It runs on both sides along the length of this fabric. It is an authentic handloom fabric. The fabric softens after every wash and is great for the skin. It takes about 8 to 10 days to make this kind of handmade fabric.


text:
Bede Academy
Bede Academy holds annual Sports Dinner
Barnard Castle School girl is selected to compete in world championships
Springfield Academy pupils are inspired to be the best
Barnard Castle Preparatory School stages inaugural combined sports day
Richmond School and Sixth Form College student is invited to train with the U16 England squad
Wednesday, 25th April 2018
AN elite hockey player is to cross sticks with the best in the country
AN elite hockey player is to cross sticks with the best in the country after being selected to train with England.
Richmond School and Sixth Form College student Bea Bell has been invited to train with the U16 national squad at its development centre at Lilleshall, Shropshire.
The 16-year-old Year 11 student, of Ellerton, has also secured a prestigious scholarship at Repton School, in Derby, which has produced many of the current England hockey squad.
Bea is already training for the hockey Six Nations, due to be staged in August, and camps in Belgium and Holland.
Following in the footsteps of her mum, who played for Yorkshire, she began playing competitively aged ten.
A first team midfielder with the recently promoted Thirsk Hockey Club, she also trains with the Performance Centre in Doncaster and dreams one day of playing for England at the Olympics.
"Training with the England squad is fantastic but it is still important to remember to enjoy playing," she said.
"I was truly inspired by England winning gold at Rio and enjoy playing in the North Women's League, which is to a very high standard.
"I would love to stay at Richmond Sixth Form but have been offered a scholarship at Repton. Its head coach Martin Jones played for England and has four former students in the current squad, so I am considering it carefully."
Richmond School and Sixth Form College's head of sport Tony Potter said: "We would be sorry to lose Bea but Repton is an incredible opportunity.
"She shows such strength and leadership on the pitch and is exceptionally strong on the ball. She certainly deserves her place in the England training squad and we are very proud of her achievements."