Trying to figure out how to set up masternode for the first time. Getting close I hope.
Anyway, uploaded 21MB video. Plays right away on Chrome on ipfs.biblepay.org ... ipfs.io was initially spinning but retried after 4 min and the video played finally.
Is the default for Open Attachment ipfs.io or ipfs.biblepay.org ? I'm getting better results with ipfs.biblepay.org on the immediate request.
Thats great! Yeah, maybe we should make the default open behavior biblepay.org, sounds good.
I had that pausing issue with ipfs.io also - I can imagine they are probably being pounded by tons of 'free' traffic from every direction.
Jaap, sounds like you are close.
This is a guess, but could you double check the IP and format you typed into the config? I would first go to your host, and check your public IP address, and make sure it matches. Also you can type 'ipfs daemon' (after stopping the daemon) and check to see the lines it prints out that it is binding your IP address to other ports; write down the IP that is the public one- see that it matches your host (is your host vultr?) if it does you may just have an error on your gateway entry; it may be case sensitive also, compare the original entry from another node before changing it to the new entry?
One other thing to see: maybe you are already running a service on 8080. Try to stop the ipfs daemon first, then type 'telnet localhost 8080', see if it replies. If it does you are running something else on the box, maybe another type of web server. You would have to stop that other thing first, then start the 'ipfs daemon'.
EDIT: I just saw your post above that you run the linux rig hot at home; thats probably the issue; if running from the house, you would need to open up the firewall port 8080 and forward it to the linux rig, then it should bind the port. One side issue with running at home: check to see if your sanc says ENABLED in our list - the new PODS enforcer requires a sanc to be ENABLED to check its PODS quality.
This is strange.... I'll just post the entire startup proces here (and delete it later).
The firewall on that rig is disabled and the port was already forwarded to that rig in my router.
When I telnet it (making sure the daemon is off) it says 'telnet: Unable to connect to remote host: Connection refused' so I guess there is nothing else running on that port.
I will try and restart the rig. See if that helps.
Looking at my vultr node when I bring up ipfs daemon, I see in my case, the line that says "swarm listening on" with the port of 4001: Mine is listening on the External IP, looks like you have two adapters, and it binds one to one internal ip and another to another internal IP on yours. Could you try binding 4001 to your external IP (I think you have to edit the config to change that), and also point the 4001 port to that machine in the firewall then restart the daemon and see if it changes the behavior of 8080.
Btw, on your Sanc, does it actually flip over to ENABLED eventually? Edit: Your sanc address should start with a "y", I cant see your status on my node.
EDIT 2: Btw Jaap its really easy to run a sanc side-by-side your running prod sanc - do you have one on vultr? If you have a lot of problems, it might be easier to do that.
Thanks for the help Rob!
Yes, I already though it was strange that it was listening to two internal IP's. The other internal IP is my second testnet rig (Win 10 with just a mining wallet), and I actually already tried closing programs on that other rig.
Hmm... Going to look into this a bit later.
It's actually 'ENABLED' in my own list, but I'm the only enabled sanctuary in my list, two others seem online but they have a 'WATCHDOG EXPIRED' label.
Well... If both the IPFS and the Sanctuary don't work like they're supposed to, then I'll just have to fire up another VPS.
Hmmm... Can't get it to work.
So whats your IP Jaap, Id like to see if your sanc is enabled on my node?
So today Im going to look into adding a fee to the attachment. For now its just basically a fee per K being attached, and I think we should start by enforcing that it goes to the orphan foundation otherwise the transaction commit fails. I will also add a process that pins docs that are legitimate and have paid PODS fees.
I hope you're not realistically thinking $5/mo is appropriate fee because Google Drive is $1.99/mo for 100GB of storage. It is a commodity service so realistically, you should expect pennies to store attachments or not even charge at all. $5/mo is a pipe dream is extremely unrealistic.
Whatever fee you collect and have it go to orphan fund is a good idea. Every little bit helps and hopefully the service will scale over time.
Still having some issues with bigger attachments. Tried a 45MB video but I don't see it in the transaction.
Its not smart to compare apples to oranges; we're renting files on a blockchain, not space on a centralized server. Not sure why you would consider a decentralized chain less valuable than a centralized company who can delete your account at any time, or decide what news is important for us.
Nah, it shouldnt necessarily be pennies. It takes what, 20% of a sanctuary to run ipfs? With that logic why run ipfs at all. (I wouldnt participate if I was only getting $1 total per month for hosting ipfs).
Anyway we are storing 250 copies of a file while the cloud servers are using RAID or storing across 20 machines for durability, so we are also doing 10* the work per file.
You show as UP on my nodes. Let me see why I dont show as UP on your node.
Im *.*.88.12, and the problem was I was running watchman in PROD mode, update to testnet mode - now I see myself as ENABLED, Jaap do you see me as enabled now?
I was speaking from an average consumer that'd not looking to host files that may be deleted or censored. That seems like an edge case unlikely to happen to 99% of common users. For all intents and purposes, I'm not concerned as consumer how a file is distributed (centralized or decentralized). I just care that the URL works when I need access to it.
Is the marketing plan to encourage uploads that is likely to be censored elsewhere? That seems very risky and controversial. If you're expecting $5/mo premium, then I suppose that has to be the group of people we target? If files are on the ipfs.biblepay.org:8080, does that make files censorship proof? Or biblepay would be ultimate authority on what lives and dies on IPFS?
Why even discuss it if we dont agree on "Im not concerned as a consumer how a file is distributed (centralized or not)". Because in this case, if you aren't concerned that we are working on blockchain technology, then why discuss it. As that is a night and day difference.
I feel we are making a mistake to not encrypt the files. No, they will not be censored or deleted if they are encrypted. If they are not encrypted, they could be censored, deleted, taken down by government request, etc.
The fee is currently set at .0002 bbp per K of filesize uploaded. We can potentially lower it after we know the system works properly, but it would be doubtful that it should be lowered so low that it fills up 10 gigs of each of our sanc drives. But I would lower it incrementally so that we receive some moderate usage by the network.
I feel the point of any feature is to help secure funding orphans long-term. This means daily usage by BBP users which leads to higher BBP prices. You don't get to increasing daily users without targeting more of the user segment. Some will care about the technology, but more will care about the UI and how usable the product is.
We've talked about this before, but if files are not public by default, it removes the usefulness of the feature. Can encryption be optinal?
Stop the daemon and restart the daemon.


Hey guys... I made it!! This is three out of four of of the monthly challenge! How about that?? I really really really like skittles.
For this design, I wanted to do something a little bit more classic. The original colors were Peony by ellagee, I'd Rather Be With Blue by KBShimmer and HD by Milani. I loved the calm combination of the Peony and the IRBWB mixed with the glitz of HD. It was really a great combo.
I went on to add the delicate stripes on my index and ring to add a little bit more glitz. If that wasn't enough, I added the iridescent stars on my pinky.
What do you think of this color combination?? Do you think the star glitter is going overboard??
I am also super excited to let you know that next month's theme has been picked and it's BLACK AND WHITE. I am pretty excited to see what the creative mind of ColorMeSoCrazy can come up with only using the most primary colors ever!!


Welcome to the new Walney UK website. It doesn't stop here though, we're already thinking of how we can add to it. If you have any thoughts, please let us know how we can serve you better.
Walney Radiators is proud to be associated with the major renovations at Argrennan House, having supplied a number of traditional cast iron products for the property.


BRAND NEW - ON CLOUD M RED OX Size - US 10 UK 9.5 running gym cross fit trainers. Condition is New with box. I normally wear a size 9 but felt these come up just a touch neat so bought the bigger size. This is my second pair in red and now want a different colour but to late to send back.
The item "BRAND NEW ON CLOUD M RED OX Size US 10 UK 9.5 running gym cross fit trainers" is in sale since Tuesday, January 29, 2019. This item is in the category "Clothes, Shoes & Accessories\Men's Shoes\Trainers". The seller is "peakster_1" and is located in Denny. This item can be shipped to United Kingdom, Antigua and barbuda, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Australia, United States, Canada, Japan, New Zealand, China, Israel, Hong Kong, Norway, Malaysia, Mexico, Singapore, South Korea, Switzerland, Taiwan, Thailand, Bangladesh, Belize, Bermuda, Bolivia, Barbados, Brunei darussalam, Cayman islands, Dominica, Ecuador, Egypt, Guernsey, Gibraltar, Guadeloupe, Grenada, French guiana, Iceland, Jersey, Jordan, Cambodia, Saint kitts and nevis, Saint lucia, Liechtenstein, Sri lanka, Macao, Monaco, Maldives, Montserrat, Martinique, Nicaragua, Oman, Pakistan, Peru, Paraguay, Reunion, Turks and caicos islands, Aruba, Chile.


text:
A Peek Into Jennifer Aniston's Real Estate Portfolio
The famously private Jennifer Aniston has made it a point to keep her personal life out of the spotlight all throughout her career, so it makes sense that her residences have always been little havens away from Hollywood. From her marital home with Brad Pitt, a $13.1 million Beverly Hills behemoth the couple spent three years renovating, to her current $20.97 million Bel Air mansion, Aniston has sunk countless time and energy into personalizing her digs to maximize both comfort and privacy.
"If I wasn't an actress, I'd want to be a designer," she told Architectural Digest in 2018. "I love the process. There's something about picking out fabrics and finishes that feeds my soul." Here, we've rounded up the six spots the actor has called home over the past two decades, each with its own distinct history, aesthetic, and story.
One year after getting hitched, Aniston and then husband Pitt shelled out $13.1 million for a 12,000-square-foot French Normandy–style Beverly Hills home. The mansion was originally built in 1934 and was designed by renowned Southern California architect Edwin Wallace Neff. Under their ownership, the two actors expanded and renovated the property to include a private screening room, heated marble floors in the kitchen, and a pub room with wood floors from a 200-year-old French château. They also added a multimillion-dollar tennis court and a guest house. Altogether, the A-list couple spent three years renovating the space and ultimately sold it for $28 million in 2006 following their 2005 divorce.
Following her split from Pitt, Aniston reportedly rented a 1,531-square-foot beach house in Malibu for two years. The home, which belonged to Oracle cofounder Larry Ellison, featured three bedrooms and three bathrooms and was situated right along the coast. Not much is publicly known about the house itself, which is likely just how Aniston preferred it.
Aniston's former living room opened to a koi pond.
Photo: Scott Frances
Aniston knew her Harold W. Levitt–designed Beverly Hills mansion was meant to be hers the moment she saw it. "I never doubted the house would be mine one day," she told AD in 2010. She paid $13.5 million for the hillside residence in 2006, and then spent the next few years working with designer Stephen Shadley to transform it into a Balinese-inspired retreat, complete with koi ponds, Brazilian cumaru eaves, and heated travertine floors on the lanai. Aniston nicknamed the home "Ohana," which means extended family in Hawaiian, and enjoyed hosting and entertaining in the "glamorous, old-fashioned Hollywood" retreat. She finally parted ways with the 10,000-square-foot, single-story home in 2011 after listing it for $42 million; it eventually sold for $38 million.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
<TITLE>Review for Rob Roy (1995)</TITLE>
<LINK REL="STYLESHEET" TYPE="text/css" HREF="/ramr.css">

Rob Roy (1995)

reviewed by
Scott Renshaw

                                   ROB ROY
                       A film review by Scott Renshaw
                        Copyright 1995 Scott Renshaw

ROB ROY
Starring:  Liam Neeson, Jessica Lange, John Hurt, Tim Roth,
           Eric Stoltz, Brian Cox.
Screenplay:  Alan Sharp.
Director:  Michael Caton-Jones.

     Period adventures have been around as long as the movies.
Throughout that time, and especially into modern efforts, such films
have rarely navigated successfully between the twin perils of the
genre:  tedious hero-worship on the one hand, grade-B schlock on the
other.  Rare is the film that manages to be both exciting and
intelligent, both compelling as character-based drama and a good
old-fashioned good guys vs. bad guys tale.  ROB ROY does manage
both, and then some.  Though the film's love story doesn't quite
click, the main story is wonderfully acted and exhilarating to
watch.

     Liam Neeson stars as the title character, 18th century Scotsman
Robert Roy MacGregor.  A caretaker for the lands of the Marquis of
Montrose (John Hurt), MacGregor is also the de facto leader of his
impoverished clan.  Determined to make a better life for himself,
his wife Mary (Jessica Lange) and his entire clan, MacGregor borrows
1,000 pounds from Montrose to buy cattle and turn a significant
profit.  But Montrose's accountant Killearn (Brian Cox) and devious
housegest Archibald Cunningham (Tim Roth) conspire to steal the
money, leaving MacGregor with a massive and unpayable debt.  When
Montrose offers to erase the debt in exchange for MacGregor
tarnishing the reputation of Montrose's rival lord, MacGregor
refuses, leading to a war of honor between Englishmen and Scotsmen,
and between MacGregor and Cunningham in particular.

     The plot of ROB ROY is a fairly dense one, including a healthy
dose of post-Restoration English political machinations which might
leave many viewers wondering why being accused of being a "Jacobite"
would be such a big deal.  These instances are rare enough, however,
not to be distracting.  Perhaps one reason is that in its structure
and tone, ROB ROY has the archetypal appeal of a Shakespeare play,
with the political elements serving only to set up conflicts, not to
define them.  The characters' relationships are laid out in classic
dramatic terms:  Cunningham, a bastard who plays the role of
courtier, hates his benefactor Montrose even as he envies his
position; MacGregor has a virtue (devotion to the concept of honor)
which also becomes the source of his misery.  Alan Sharp's
screenplay makes sure that even though the characters have mythic
dimensions, they do not remain one-dimensional.

     That's the academic end.  ROB ROY is also just a fine piece of
movie-making, beginning with the superb direction of Michael
Caton-Jones.  His opening shot is the perfect introduction to an
epic, a breathtaking view of the highlands into which the characters
slowly wander and draw closer.  The pacing lags here and there, and
the more brutal elements of the story are occasionally excessive,
but those are exceptions in an otherwise top-notch job, particularly
a pair of magnificently staged duels.  Special note should also go
to Carter Burwell, who provides a stirring Celtic-themed score.

     For my money though, ROB ROY works fundamentally because its
villains--all three of them--are fantastic.  As fine a job as
Liam Neeson does with MacGregor, his character is essentially a
legend, a striking figure but fairly static.  Tim Roth, on the other
hand, is a showy delight as Cunningham, the fop with a serious
sadistic streak, and he takes it to the limit.  John Hurt's Montrose
is a cold-eyed political back-stabber, and expert manipulator of any
situation to his benefit.  The best of the three might be Brian Cox,
best unknown as the "other" Hannibal Lecter in 1986's MANHUNTER.  He
is frighteningly vile, and the scene in which he turns a threat from
Jessica Lange's Mary back on her is one of the film's best.

     As for Lange, she may be the weak link.  Her acting style has
never been one of my favorites, and sometimes her emotions feel
forced.  ROB ROY tries to build the love story between Rob and Mary
into one of the central elements, but the conflict between Rob and
the Englishmen is always more interesting.  Nevertheless, all the
elements combine into an extremely satisfying whole.  ROB ROY is not
for the squeamish, with its swordplay and a lengthy rape scene, nor
is it for those looking strictly for a lusty romp.  It is a story
about characters as much as it is about battles, and it succeeds as
both.

     On the Renshaw scale of 0 to 10 duels of honor:  8.

--
Scott Renshaw
Stanford University
Office of the General Counsel

The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).

The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.

Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.

Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.

The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.

Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


The price of the subscription is based on the number of images you want to store and whether you choose to pay monthly or yearly. Prices on this page are in US dollars, when subscribing the amount will be converted in your local currency.
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Under State and Federal property confiscation laws, authorities can confiscate criminal benefits acquired by a person. A criminal benefit can be any property, advantage, service or benefit that makes up a portion of a person's wealth and was directly or indirectly obtained due to involvement in a confiscation offence.
There are a number of steps the Police must take when removing Proceeds of Crime and Criminal Benefits.
This includes collecting evidence and other material needed to substantiate unlawful conduct; as well as identifying and locating the relevant property and assets.
A freezing notice is required to prevent the property being disposed of or dealt with in any way pending the outcome of the investigation and confiscation proceedings. Property may also be taken into custody at this stage, if ordered by the court.
In some cases, certain property cannot be confiscated if it hasn't been subject to a freezing notice or restraining order before. While in other cases, the property doesn't need to have a previous restraining order before confiscation.
An order from the court will see the property confiscated.
Confiscated property is liquidated by the Australian Financial Security Authority and the proceeds deposited into the Confiscated Assets Account established by the Proceeds of Crime Act 2002.
Y* used his house to manufacture a prohibited drug and grow cannabis plants. The WA Police suggested that the house was a criminal benefit and should be confiscated.


text:
Lexington Branch
Branch Contact
Glasgow, VA 24555
email: lexington@esuus.org
Barbara Walker
Carol Dent
Dee Joyce-Hayes
Corresponding Secretary
Nelle Busch
Board Members / Directors
Julia Van de Water
Membership/Nomination Chair
Lynn Dent
Education Chair
Jane Brooke
Programs Chair
At Large Member
Public Relations Chair
History of the ESU
The English-Speaking Union of the United States was created to fulfill a mission. It was formally organized in the United States in 1920 and arose from the conviction of its founder, Sir Evelyn Wrench and a group of like-minded American and British friends, that maintenance of the close personal and national ties forged during World War I was necessary for the preservation of peace. He imagined the ESU as an inclusive organization "founded in no narrow attitude of race pride, in no spirit of hostility to any people." Its educational mission would be carried out by a host of activities allowing for personal contact between peoples at every level.
Virginia at Oxford Program
Welcome to the ESU
The ESU celebrates English as a shared language to foster global understanding and good will by providing educational and cultural opportunities for students, educators, and members.
To find out more about our programs click here.


text:
Heinrich Julius Kämmel (* 17. Februar 1813 in Saalendorf; † 24. September 1881 in Zittau) war ein deutscher Gymnasiallehrer.

Biographie
Kämmel war ein Sohn des Faktors Carl Gottlieb Kämmel. Er studierte 1833 bis 1837 Philologie- und Geschichte an der Universität Leipzig. Ab 1838 war er Lehrer am Gymnasium in Zittau, ab 1845 dort Subrektor, ab 1851 Konrektor, ab 1854 Rektor. Neben seiner Lehrtätigkeit publizierte er rege, vor allem zu historischen Themen.

Kämmel war auch politisch tätig: 1849 war er Abgeordneter des ersten sächsischen Wahlkreises für die Frankfurter Nationalversammlung, ab Dezember 1849 Mitglied der 2. Kammer des Sächsischen Landtages in Dresden. Ab 1871 war er Stadtverordneter in Zittau, 1877 übernahm er das Amt des Armenvorstehers. 1879 wurde er Ehrenbürger von Zittau.

Sein Sohn Otto Kaemmel (1843–1917) war ebenfalls Gymnasiallehrer und Direktor von Gymnasien in Dresden und Leipzig.

Veröffentlichungen  (Auswahl)
 Wodurch kann das Haus die Thätigkeit der Schule unterstützen?, Förstner, Zittau 1860.
 Geschichte des Deutschen Schulwesens im Uebergange vom Mittelalter zur Neuzeit. Aus seinem Nachlasse herausgegeben von Otto Kaemmel. Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1882.
 Zahlreiche Artikel in der Allgemeinen Deutschen Biographie

Literatur

 Uta Scheffel: Heinrich Julius Kämmel (1813-1881), in Oberlausitzer Heimatblätter Heft 44/2015, S. 22–28.

Weblinks

Mitglied der Frankfurter Nationalversammlung
Mitglied der Zweiten Kammer der Ständeversammlung des Königreichs Sachsen
Schulleiter (Zittau)
Ehrenbürger von Zittau
Kommunalpolitiker (Landkreis Görlitz)
Gymnasiallehrer
Deutscher
Geboren 1813
Gestorben 1881
Mann

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Си́мичі () — присілок у складі Котельницького району Кіровської області, Росія. Входить до складу Срітенського сільського поселення.

Населення становить 5 осіб (2010, 8 у 2002).

Національний склад станом на 2002 рік — росіяни 87 %.

Примітки

Посилання
 На Вікімапії

Населені пункти Котельницького району
Присілки Кіровської області


A teenager who was reported in a 3 News item as "believed" to have died in a Christchurch house fire (which killed her father, her father's wife, her grandmother and a boarder), complained that the item was inaccurate, and had "shocked, upset and angered" many of those who knew her. She claimed the item was also unfair, and breached her father's privacy as well as her own.
CanWest argued that the item was accurate because the report said the identities of the four dead were "believed to be 58-year-old Japanese immigrant Junichi Tomonaga and his wife, his teenage daughter and his mother or mother-in-law". The broadcaster said it had taken care to establish a good basis for its "belief" by making enquiries into who was living at the house. It added that as soon as the police released the facts, it had broadcast them.
The Authority said that viewers would not have been misled by the report because of the phrase "believed to be", and the statement in the report that police had not confirmed the identities of the four dead. The Authority found that item was therefore not inaccurate.
However, a majority of the Authority agreed that the broadcast was unfair. Given the considerable stress and anguish caused by the item, it considered that the broadcaster should have explicitly corrected the earlier statement concerning Ms Tomonaga.
The Authority did not agree there had been a breach of privacy. The privacy standard did not apply to Mr Tomonaga as he was deceased, and the item did not disclose any private facts about Ms Tomonaga.
…Police are refusing to confirm the cause of death and identity of the four dead, but they are believed to be 58-year-old Japanese immigrant Junichi Tomonaga and his wife, his teenage daughter and his mother or mother-in-law.
 The reporter stated that Mr Tomonaga was known to have ongoing money problems following a failed business venture, and that his workmates had confirmed that he was under "severe financial pressure" and one had said that "while he was shocked [at the deaths], he wasn't surprised".
 On 3 April 2007 3 News reported that Mr Tomonaga and his 80-year-old mother had died along with two others, and that police "now say the four people found dead inside may have been murdered" as the fire had been deliberately lit. The report reiterated that it was understood Mr Tomonaga had had money problems in the past.
 On 4 April 2007 3 News reported that police had confirmed they were not looking for anyone else in connection with the house fire which had "claimed the lives of a Japanese family". The reporter said that police had confirmed that Mr Tomonaga's mother had been found in her bedroom downstairs, Mr and Mrs Tomonaga were found in their bed, and a "border and family friend" was found downstairs.
 Yaeh Tomonaga (the teenage daughter of Junichi Tomonaga) complained to CanWest TVWorks Ltd, the broadcaster, that the item was inaccurate because it reported that she had been killed in the fire. She stated that the report had "shocked, upset and angered many people including family friends, neighbours, work colleagues and her former teachers, to name a few".
 Ms Tomonaga maintained that CanWest had breached standards of privacy and fairness because the item had "identified her father by displaying a photograph of him, visited his workplace, interviewed his work colleagues, made allegations about his financial position and the failure of his past business and implied suicide was likely", all of which was done prior to her father's death being officially confirmed. She said that her brother had identified the bodies the day after the broadcast, and the confirmation of her father's death had not been announced by police until late on the afternoon of 3 April 2007.
 The complainant noted that TV3's newsproducer had telephoned her and apologised on behalf of the broadcaster.
 In terms of privacy, CanWest argued that the complainant's father had no right to privacy as he was deceased. It maintained that it had not breached the complainant's privacy as the report had not disclosed any private facts about her. CanWest argued that its report of a "belief" that the complainant had been killed in the fire "did not fall into the category of disclosures that would give rise to a breach of the standard". It declined to uphold the privacy complaint.
 CanWest argued that "it was accurate to state what the identity of the dead was believed to be", and that the sources it had contacted had confirmed that the people who resided at the address were those described in the report. It maintained that the enquiries it had made into who was living at the house had provided a sufficient basis to express the belief that those were the people who had died. As a result, the broadcaster found that there had been no breach of the accuracy standard.
 The broadcaster considered the report to be fair and that it was not lacking in discretion or sensitivity. It maintained that the reporter had taken care to establish a good basis for his belief and that the police had not advised the media that there were additional family members to be advised, as would usually be the case. The broadcaster argued that, as soon as the police released the facts, it had broadcast them. It noted that its Christchurch Chief of Staff had contacted the complainant and apologised to her. CanWest declined to uphold the fairness complaint.
 Dissatisfied with CanWest's response, Ms Tomonaga's solicitor referred her complaint to the Authority under section 8(1)(a) of the Broadcasting Act 1989.
 Ms Tomonaga maintained that the broadcaster had no basis for the incorrect information that it had reported, and that it was a breach of protocol to name those killed in the fire without the police first confirming their identity. She pointed out that the broadcast had caused a lot of stress and anguish, not only to herself, but to members of her immediate family and friends who thought she had been killed.
 Ms Tomonaga also expressed disappointment that she did not receive a response from the broadcaster until two months after lodging her formal complaint.
 The broadcaster argued that its reporters had acted responsibly and upon reasonable sources of information when making the statement in the report.
 CanWest maintained that it had acted swiftly after the police confirmed the identity of those who had died, and that its subsequent reports had ended any speculation that Ms Tomonaga was killed in the fire. It apologised for the delay in responding to Ms Tomonaga's complaint.
 Referring to CanWest's response, the complainant maintained that the broadcaster "failed to address, at all, the proper issues in a reasonable way".
 The news item complained about stated that the four people who had died in the house fire were "believed to be" Mr Tomonaga and his wife, his teenage daughter and his mother or mother-in-law. Further, the item stated that police had not confirmed the identity of the deceased or the cause of death.
 Guideline 5b to the accuracy standard states that broadcasters must refrain from broadcasting material which misleads viewers. Equally, the Authority recognises that speculation is a well-established and accepted convention of media in New Zealand. Major announcements such as Reserve Bank interest rates are invariably preceded by speculation, and fast-breaking major event stories often contain speculation (e.g. the number of deaths in a plane crash or, as in this case, the identities of those who have died in a fire). In assessing whether an audience would have been misled, the Authority considers, firstly, whether a reasonable viewer or listener would understand that the information is speculation and, secondly, whether the speculation has a reasonable basis and the broadcaster is not just passing on baseless rumour or innuendo.
 In this case, the Authority is satisfied that a reasonable viewer would have understood, from the statement that police had not released the identities of the dead and the use of the word "believed", that the information broadcast was speculation and not put forward as absolute fact. Turning to whether the broadcaster had a reasonable basis for speculating, the Authority notes that the reporter consulted neighbours and Mr Tomonaga's work colleagues as to who normally lived in the house. From this information, the reporter surmised the people he had been told normally lived in the house were the victims of the fire (incorrectly, in Ms Tomonaga's case).
 The Authority accepts that the reporter had a reasonable basis for speculating about the identities of the deceased, and therefore it declines to uphold the accuracy complaint. It acknowledges that the right to free speech includes the right to speculate, or to report on speculation, and this principle has guided its decision. However, it notes that in reporting such serious matters as the identities of those killed in such events, editors and journalists should ensure they are satisfied that there is a reasonable basis for the information they include.
 For one member of the Authority (Joanne Morris), it was a borderline decision whether to accept that the reporter's belief about the identity of the four deceased was based on reasonable grounds, for the following reasons. Ms Morris notes that the reporter's sources – neighbours and workmates – could only confirm who they believed to be the usual residents of the address, not who had died in the fire. Since the sources were clearly mistaken as to the identity of Ms Tomonaga, and were unsure about whether the older resident was Mr Tomonaga's mother or mother-in-law, this raises questions, in Ms Morris' view, as to the reliability of the reporter's sources.
 Further, Ms Morris notes that the reporter assumed, from the fact that the police had said nothing to the media about being unable to identify the deceased because they needed to contact surviving relatives, that the entire family (including Ms Tomonaga) had perished in the fire. In Ms Morris' view, it was unwise to place any reliance on the fact that the police had not made such a statement, particularly when the Tomonaga family also included a surviving son.
 Despite these concerns, Ms Morris agrees with the other Authority members that viewers would not have been misled into thinking that the report was a conclusive statement on the identities of the deceased.
 The fairness standard requires that broadcasters deal justly and fairly with any person or organisation taking part or referred to in a programme. A majority of the Authority (Joanne Morris, Tapu Misa and Paul France) finds that the broadcaster failed to treat Ms Tomonaga fairly on this occasion. Although it was not inaccurate to report that Ms Tomonaga was "believed" to be dead, the fact remains that the complainant did not die in the house fire.
 Ms Tomonaga has advised the Authority that she has suffered considerable stress and anguish as a result of the news item, and the broadcaster clearly acknowledged this when it apologised to the complainant after the broadcast. Her distress was exacerbated by the fact that the broadcaster did not respond to her complaint in a timely manner.
 In the majority's view, reporting deaths is an extremely serious matter and one which requires the utmost care. It considers that, in the interests of fairness, the broadcaster should have explicitly corrected the earlier statement that Ms Tomonaga was believed to have died. This may have ameliorated some of the complainant's hurt and distress.
 In these circumstances, the majority considers that the complainant was treated unfairly in breach of Standard 6. It upholds this part of the complaint.
 A minority (Diane Musgrave) disagrees with the majority that the item was unfair to the complainant. In the minority's view, CanWest dealt fairly with Ms Tomonaga because it broadcast the confirmed identities of the deceased when the official information became available. The minority considers that this was sufficient to inform viewers who had actually died in the fire.
 Privacy principle 1 states that it is inconsistent with an individual's privacy to allow the public disclosure of private facts, where the disclosure would be highly offensive to an objective reasonable person.
 As outlined in Decision No. 2000-165, section 4(1)(c) of the Broadcasting Act 1989 requires every broadcaster to maintain in its programmes and their presentation, standards which are consistent with the privacy of the individual. "Individual" is defined in the Broadcasting Amendment Act 2000 as having the same meaning as the word "individual" in the Privacy Act 1993. Section 2 of the Privacy Act interprets "individual" as meaning a natural person, other than a deceased person. Not being an individual within the meaning of the Act, a deceased person therefore does not have a legal right to privacy. Accordingly, the Authority agrees with CanWest that the privacy standard does not apply to the complainant's father.
 Looking at whether Ms Tomonaga's privacy was breached, the Authority notes that an essential element of a privacy complaint is the disclosure of private facts about an individual. In the present case, no private facts about the complainant were revealed in the report. In these circumstances, the Authority finds that Standard 3 was not breached.
For the above reasons a majority of the Authority upholds the complaint that the broadcast by CanWest TVWorks Ltd of 3 News on 2 April 2007 breached Standard 6 of the Free-to-Air Television Code of Broadcasting Practice.
 Having upheld a complaint, the Authority may make orders under sections 13 and 16 of the Broadcasting Act 1989. Having considered all the circumstances of the complaint, and taking into account that the decision to uphold the complaint was not unanimous, the Authority concludes that an order is not appropriate. It considers that the publication of its decision is sufficient on this occasion.


After she finished college, Beth Katz felt a calling to facilitate interfaith conversations. So she started in the place she knew best - her hometown of Omaha, Nebraska. Now Project Interfaith is almost a decade old, and has garnered international recognition. This is Part 2 of our interview. You can listen to Part 1 here.
Also on the show, Katy Scrogin reviews Blasphemy, a collection of short stories by Sherman Alexie.
"Wait - you're Muslim? But you're not even brown!"
Emina was a student at Creighton University in Omaha, Nebraska. In 2010, Project Interfaith gave her and a group of other students each a video camera and a set of questions. The result was an eye-opener for both the students and the Project Interfaith staff.
Emina uploaded her first video, in which she reported that someone on her hall had just found out she was Muslim. "But you're not even brown!" the other student exclaimed. This exchange gave Emina the opportunity to reflect on her identity, and - with the help of the camera - share it with others.
Beth Katz describes this video as the seed for the RavelUnravel Project - an ongoing website where anyone can upload videos of ordinary people talking about their faith identitites. The website now has nearly 1000 entries.
In this second part of our interview, Beth Katz talks more about the origins of Project Interfaith, the RavelUnravel project, and her hopes for interfaith work in the world today.
"Sherman Alexie's stature as a writer of stories, poems, and novels has soared over the course of his twenty-book, twenty-year career. His wide-ranging, acclaimed stories from the last two decades, from The Lone Ranger and Tonto Fistfight in Heaven to his most recent PEN/Faulkner award–winning War Dances, have established him as a star in modern literature.
Included here are some of his most esteemed tales, including "What You Pawn I Will Redeem," "This is What it Means to Say Phoenix, Arizona," "The Toughest Indian in the World," and "War Dances." Alexie's new stories are fresh and quintessential—about donkey basketball leagues, lethal wind turbines, the reservation, marriage, and all species of contemporary American warriors.
An indispensable collection of new and classic stories, Blasphemy reminds us, on every thrilling page, why Sherman Alexie is one of our greatest contemporary writers and a true master of the short story."


text:
Середня Пурла́ () — селище у складі Таштагольського району Кемеровської області, Росія. Входить до складу Усть-Кабирзинського сільського поселення.

Населення
Населення — 3 особи (2010; 14 у 2002).

Національний склад (станом на 2002 рік):
 росіяни — 50 %
 шорці — 29 %

Джерела

Примітки

Населені пункти Таштагольського району
Селища Кемеровської області


text:
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// checkstyle: Checks Java source code for adherence to a set of rules.
// Copyright (C) 2001-2015 the original author or authors.
//
// This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
// modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
// License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
// version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
//
// This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
// Lesser General Public License for more details.
//
// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
// License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
// Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

package com.puppycrawl.tools.checkstyle.checks.imports;

import java.util.regex.Matcher;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;

import com.puppycrawl.tools.checkstyle.Utils;
import com.puppycrawl.tools.checkstyle.api.DetailAST;
import com.puppycrawl.tools.checkstyle.api.FullIdent;
import com.puppycrawl.tools.checkstyle.api.TokenTypes;
import com.puppycrawl.tools.checkstyle.checks.AbstractOptionCheck;

/**
 *

 *
groups imports: ensures that groups of imports come in a specific order
 * (e.g., java. comes first, javax. comes second, then everything else)

 *
adds a separation between groups : ensures that a blank line sit between
 * each group

 *
sorts imports inside each group: ensures that imports within each group
 * are in lexicographic order

 *
sorts according to case: ensures that the comparison between import is
 * case sensitive

 *
groups static imports: ensures that static imports are at the top (or the
 * bottom) of all the imports, or above (or under) each group, or are treated
 * like non static imports (@see {@link ImportOrderOption}

 *

 *
 *

 * Properties:
 *

 *

 *
name	Description	type	default value

 *
option	policy on the relative order between regular imports and static
 *       imports	{@link ImportOrderOption}	under

 *
groups	list of imports groups (every group identified either by a common
 *       prefix string, or by a regular expression enclosed in forward slashes (e.g. /regexp/)
 *       list of strings	empty list

 *
ordered	whether imports within group should be sorted
 *       Boolean	true

 *
separated	whether imports groups should be separated by, at least,
 *       one blank line	Boolean	false

 *
caseSensitive	whether string comparison should be case sensitive or not.
 *       Case sensitive sorting is in ASCII sort order	Boolean	true

 *
sortStaticImportsAlphabetically	whether static imports grouped by top or
 *       bottom option are sorted alphabetically or not	Boolean	false

 *

 *
 *

 * Example:
 *

 *
To configure the check so that it matches default Eclipse formatter configuration
 *    (tested on Kepler, Luna and Mars):

 *

 *
group of static imports is on the top

 *
groups of non-static imports: "java" then "javax"
 *         packages first, then "org" and then all other imports

 *
imports will be sorted in the groups

 *
groups are separated by, at least, one blank line

 *

 *
 *

 * <module name="ImportOrder">
 *    <property name="groups" value="/^javax?\./,org"/>
 *    <property name="ordered" value="true"/>
 *    <property name="separated" value="true"/>
 *    <property name="option" value="above"/>
 *    <property name="sortStaticImportsAlphabetically" value="true"/>
 * </module>
 *

 *
 *
To configure the check so that it matches default IntelliJ IDEA formatter configuration
 *    (tested on v14):

 *

 *
group of static imports is on the bottom

 *
groups of non-static imports: all imports except of "javax" and
 *         "java", then "javax" and "java"

 *
imports will be sorted in the groups

 *
groups are separated by, at least, one blank line

 *

 *
 *

 *         Note: "separated" option is disabled because IDEA default has blank line
 *         between "java" and static imports, and no blank line between
 *         "javax" and "java"
 *

 *
 *

 * <module name="ImportOrder">
 *     <property name="groups" value="*,javax,java"/>
 *     <property name="ordered" value="true"/>
 *     <property name="separated" value="false"/>
 *     <property name="option" value="bottom"/>
 *     <property name="sortStaticImportsAlphabetically" value="true"/>
 * </module>
 *

 *
 *
To configure the check so that it matches default NetBeans formatter configuration
 *    (tested on v8):

 *

 *
groups of non-static imports are not defined, all imports will be sorted
 *         as a one group

 *
static imports are not separated, they will be sorted along with other imports

 *

 *
 *

 * <module name="ImportOrder">
 *     <property name="option" value="inflow"/>
 * </module>
 *

 *
 *

 * Group descriptions enclosed in slashes are interpreted as regular
 * expressions. If multiple groups match, the one matching a longer
 * substring of the imported name will take precedence, with ties
 * broken first in favor of earlier matches and finally in favor of
 * the first matching group.
 *

 *
 *

 * There is always a wildcard group to which everything not in a named group
 * belongs. If an import does not match a named group, the group belongs to
 * this wildcard group. The wildcard group position can be specified using the
 * {@code *} character.
 *

 *
 *

 * Check also has on option making it more flexible:
 * sortStaticImportsAlphabetically - sets whether static imports grouped by
 * top or bottom option should be sorted alphabetically or
 * not, default value is false. It is applied to static imports grouped
 * with top or bottom options.

 * This option is helping in reconciling of this Check and other tools like
 * Eclipse's Organize Imports feature.
 *

 *

 * To configure the Check allows static imports grouped to the top
 * being sorted alphabetically:
 *

 *
 *

 * {@code
 * import static java.lang.Math.abs;
 * import static org.abego.treelayout.Configuration.AlignmentInLevel; // OK, alphabetical order
 *
 * import org.abego.*;
 *
 * import java.util.Set;
 *
 * public class SomeClass { ... }
 * }
 *

 *
 *
 * @author Bill Schneider
 * @author o_sukhodolsky
 * @author David DIDIER
 * @author Steve McKay
 * @author Aleksey Nesterenko
 */
public class ImportOrderCheck
    extends AbstractOptionCheck<ImportOrderOption> {

    /**
     * A key is pointing to the warning message text in "messages.properties"
     * file.
     */
    public static final String MSG_SEPARATION = "import.separation";

    /**
     * A key is pointing to the warning message text in "messages.properties"
     * file.
     */
    public static final String MSG_ORDERING = "import.ordering";

    /** the special wildcard that catches all remaining groups. */
    private static final String WILDCARD_GROUP_NAME = "*";

    /** List of import groups specified by the user. */
    private Pattern[] groups = new Pattern[0];
    /** Require imports in group be separated. */
    private boolean separated;
    /** Require imports in group. */
    private boolean ordered = true;
    /** Should comparison be case sensitive. */
    private boolean caseSensitive = true;

    /** Last imported group. */
    private int lastGroup;
    /** Line number of last import. */
    private int lastImportLine;
    /** Name of last import. */
    private String lastImport;
    /** If last import was static. */
    private boolean lastImportStatic;
    /** Whether there was any imports. */
    private boolean beforeFirstImport;
    /** Whether static imports should be sorted alphabetically or not. */
    private boolean sortStaticImportsAlphabetically;

    /**
     * Groups static imports under each group.
     */
    public ImportOrderCheck() {
        super(ImportOrderOption.UNDER, ImportOrderOption.class);
    }

    /**
     * Sets the list of package groups and the order they should occur in the
     * file.
     *
     * @param packageGroups a comma-separated list of package names/prefixes.
     */
    public void setGroups(String... packageGroups) {
        groups = new Pattern[packageGroups.length];

        for (int i = 0; i < packageGroups.length; i++) {
            String pkg = packageGroups[i];
            final StringBuilder pkgBuilder = new StringBuilder(pkg);
            Pattern grp;

            // if the pkg name is the wildcard, make it match zero chars
            // from any name, so it will always be used as last resort.
            if (WILDCARD_GROUP_NAME.equals(pkg)) {
                grp = Pattern.compile(""); // matches any package
            }
            else if (Utils.startsWithChar(pkg, '/')) {
                if (!Utils.endsWithChar(pkg, '/')) {
                    throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid group");
                }
                pkg = pkg.substring(1, pkg.length() - 1);
                grp = Pattern.compile(pkg);
            }
            else {
                if (!Utils.endsWithChar(pkg, '.')) {
                    pkgBuilder.append('.');
                }
                grp = Pattern.compile("^" + Pattern.quote(pkgBuilder.toString()));
            }

            groups[i] = grp;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Sets whether or not imports should be ordered within any one group of
     * imports.
     *
     * @param ordered
     *            whether lexicographic ordering of imports within a group
     *            required or not.
     */
    public void setOrdered(boolean ordered) {
        this.ordered = ordered;
    }

    /**
     * Sets whether or not groups of imports must be separated from one another
     * by at least one blank line.
     *
     * @param separated
     *            whether groups should be separated by oen blank line.
     */
    public void setSeparated(boolean separated) {
        this.separated = separated;
    }

    /**
     * Sets whether string comparison should be case sensitive or not.
     *
     * @param caseSensitive
     *            whether string comparison should be case sensitive.
     */
    public void setCaseSensitive(boolean caseSensitive) {
        this.caseSensitive = caseSensitive;
    }

    /**
     * Sets whether static imports (when grouped using 'top' and 'bottom' option)
     * are sorted alphabetically or according to the package groupings.
     * @param sortAlphabetically true or false.
     */
    public void setSortStaticImportsAlphabetically(boolean sortAlphabetically) {
        sortStaticImportsAlphabetically = sortAlphabetically;
    }

    @Override
    public int[] getDefaultTokens() {
        return new int[] {TokenTypes.IMPORT, TokenTypes.STATIC_IMPORT};
    }

    @Override
    public int[] getAcceptableTokens() {
        return new int[] {TokenTypes.IMPORT, TokenTypes.STATIC_IMPORT};
    }

    @Override
    public void beginTree(DetailAST rootAST) {
        lastGroup = Integer.MIN_VALUE;
        lastImportLine = Integer.MIN_VALUE;
        lastImport = "";
        lastImportStatic = false;
        beforeFirstImport = true;
    }

    @Override
    public void visitToken(DetailAST ast) {
        final FullIdent ident;
        final boolean isStatic;

        if (ast.getType() == TokenTypes.IMPORT) {
            ident = FullIdent.createFullIdentBelow(ast);
            isStatic = false;
        }
        else {
            ident = FullIdent.createFullIdent(ast.getFirstChild()
                    .getNextSibling());
            isStatic = true;
        }

        final boolean isStaticAndNotLastImport = isStatic && !lastImportStatic;
        final boolean isNotStaticAndLastImport = !isStatic && lastImportStatic;
        final ImportOrderOption abstractOption = getAbstractOption();

        // using set of IF instead of SWITCH to analyze Enum options to satisfy coverage.
        // https://github.com/checkstyle/checkstyle/issues/1387
        if (abstractOption == ImportOrderOption.TOP) {

            if (isNotStaticAndLastImport) {
                lastGroup = Integer.MIN_VALUE;
                lastImport = "";
            }
            doVisitToken(ident, isStatic, isStaticAndNotLastImport);

        }
        else if (abstractOption == ImportOrderOption.BOTTOM) {

            if (isStaticAndNotLastImport) {
                lastGroup = Integer.MIN_VALUE;
                lastImport = "";
            }
            doVisitToken(ident, isStatic, isNotStaticAndLastImport);

        }
        else if (abstractOption == ImportOrderOption.ABOVE) {
            // previous non-static but current is static
            doVisitToken(ident, isStatic, isStaticAndNotLastImport);

        }
        else if (abstractOption == ImportOrderOption.UNDER) {
            doVisitToken(ident, isStatic, isNotStaticAndLastImport);

        }
        else if (abstractOption == ImportOrderOption.INFLOW) {
            // "previous" argument is useless here
            doVisitToken(ident, isStatic, true);

        }
        else {
            throw new IllegalStateException(
                    "Unexpected option for static imports: " + abstractOption);
        }

        lastImportLine = ast.findFirstToken(TokenTypes.SEMI).getLineNo();
        lastImportStatic = isStatic;
        beforeFirstImport = false;
    }

    /**
     * Shares processing...
     *
     * @param ident the import to process.
     * @param isStatic whether the token is static or not.
     * @param previous previous non-static but current is static (above), or
     *                  previous static but current is non-static (under).
     */
    private void doVisitToken(FullIdent ident, boolean isStatic,
            boolean previous) {
        final String name = ident.getText();
        final int groupIdx = getGroupNumber(name);
        final int line = ident.getLineNo();

        if (!beforeFirstImport && isAlphabeticallySortableStaticImport(isStatic)
                || groupIdx == lastGroup) {
            doVisitTokenInSameGroup(isStatic, previous, name, line);
        }
        else if (groupIdx > lastGroup) {
            if (!beforeFirstImport && separated && line - lastImportLine < 2) {
                log(line, MSG_SEPARATION, name);
            }
        }
        else {
            log(line, MSG_ORDERING, name);
        }

        lastGroup = groupIdx;
        lastImport = name;
    }

    /**
     * Checks whether static imports grouped by top or bottom option
     * are sorted alphabetically or not.
     * @param isStatic if current import is static.
     * @return true if static imports should be sorted alphabetically.
     */
    private boolean isAlphabeticallySortableStaticImport(boolean isStatic) {
        return isStatic && sortStaticImportsAlphabetically
                && (getAbstractOption() == ImportOrderOption.TOP
                    || getAbstractOption() == ImportOrderOption.BOTTOM);
    }

    /**
     * Shares processing...
     *
     * @param isStatic whether the token is static or not.
     * @param previous previous non-static but current is static (above), or
     *    previous static but current is non-static (under).
     * @param name the name of the current import.
     * @param line the line of the current import.
     */
    private void doVisitTokenInSameGroup(boolean isStatic,
            boolean previous, String name, int line) {
        if (!ordered) {
            return;
        }

        if (getAbstractOption() == ImportOrderOption.INFLOW) {
            // out of lexicographic order
            if (compare(lastImport, name, caseSensitive) > 0) {
                log(line, MSG_ORDERING, name);
            }
        }
        else {
            final boolean shouldFireError =
                // current and previous static or current and
                // previous non-static
                !(lastImportStatic ^ isStatic)
                &&
                        // and out of lexicographic order
                        compare(lastImport, name, caseSensitive) > 0
                ||
                // previous non-static but current is static (above)
                // or
                // previous static but current is non-static (under)
                previous;

            if (shouldFireError) {
                log(line, MSG_ORDERING, name);
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Finds out what group the specified import belongs to.
     *
     * @param name the import name to find.
     * @return group number for given import name.
     */
    private int getGroupNumber(String name) {
        int bestIndex = groups.length;
        int bestLength = -1;
        int bestPos = 0;

        // find out what group this belongs in
        // loop over groups and get index
        for (int i = 0; i < groups.length; i++) {
            final Matcher matcher = groups[i].matcher(name);
            while (matcher.find()) {
                final int length = matcher.end() - matcher.start();
                if (length > bestLength
                    || length == bestLength && matcher.start() < bestPos) {
                    bestIndex = i;
                    bestLength = length;
                    bestPos = matcher.start();
                }
            }
        }

        return bestIndex;
    }

    /**
     * Compares two strings.
     *
     * @param string1
     *            the first string.
     * @param string2
     *            the second string.
     * @param caseSensitive
     *            whether the comparison is case sensitive.
     * @return the value {@code 0} if string1 is equal to string2; a value
     *         less than {@code 0} if string1 is lexicographically less
     *         than the string2; and a value greater than {@code 0} if
     *         string1 is lexicographically greater than string2.
     */
    private static int compare(String string1, String string2,
            boolean caseSensitive) {
        int result;
        if (caseSensitive) {
            result = string1.compareTo(string2);
        }
        else {
            result = string1.compareToIgnoreCase(string2);
        }

        return result;
    }
}


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text:
Home | Where we work | Pakistan | Economic development
Habib Bank is Pakistan's largest private sector bank with over 1,750 branches.
AKDN / Danial Shah
Amin Ullah, who learnt how to operate heavy machinery, now works for the China Road and Bridge Corporation. Aga Khan Rural Support Programme, Pakistan.
Nissa, 30, attended a Youth Business Entrepreneurship Training in August 2014 and received an award of Rs. 75'000. With the award money, she bought a knitting machine, and her income has since increased from Rs. 500 a month to Rs. 4'000 a month - AKRSP Pakistan.
Tourism Promotion in Baltistan, Aga Khan Rural Support Programme, Pakistan.
AKDN / Christopher Wilton-Steer
Young women in northern Pakistan, mainly from poor and marginalised families, received training at a carpentry workshop in Gilgit, organised by the Aga Khan Cultural Service Pakistan (AKCSP). Currently, the Women's Social Enterprise initiative employs over 90 young women in 7 technical trades.
In Pakistan, economic development projects under the Aga Khan Fund for Economic Development (AKFED) umbrella range from tourism promotion, including eight hotels, to financial project companies.
In more marginalised and isolated communities, the Aga Khan Rural Support Programme (an initiative of the Aga Khan Foundation) undertakes activities to diversify income sources, so that rural households can generate greater incomes and manage financial uncertainty more successfully.
The Programme also supports community-based savings groups that reduce financial barriers to accessing health services, and thousands of physical infrastructure projects that have a transformative effect on the quality of life in these remote reaches.
Tourism Promotion Services
Enterprise development and Employable skills
Productive physical infrastructure
Habib Bank Limited.
AKDN
AKFED: Financial services
AKDN institutions in Pakistan have provided financial services for more than 80 years. These range from community savings groups in rural areas to the branches of the First MicroFinanceBank Ltd and two of the most well known financial institutions in the country, HBL and New Jubilee Insurance.
AKFED has investments in a variety of institutions in the banking sector. They include a controlling interest in Habib Bank Limited (HBL), Pakistan's largest private bank, which was acquired through a government privatisation programme in 2004. The Bank, which was incorporated in 1941 in Bombay, became the first commercial bank to be established in Pakistan in 1947, and is currently the leader in the corporate banking market. HBL has over five million retail customers and total assets of over US$ 8.5 billion. A pioneer in the introduction of new products such as automated teller machines and other consumer services in the Pakistani market, HBL has more than 1,750 branches and is present in 25 countries across five continents.
Insurance operations in Pakistan are conducted through two publicly-listed companies: New Jubilee Insurance, the country's third largest insurance firm, offers general insurance services. New Jubilee Life offers life and pension products
Swat Serena Hotel, Pakistan.
AKFED: Tourism Promotion Services
The Aga Khan Fund for Economic Development (AKFED) promotes tourism by building and managing hotels, resorts and lodges that contribute to economic growth in an environmentally and culturally sensitive manner. Operating under the brand name Serena, TPS owns and manages hotels in East Africa and Asia.
Since the early 1980s, TPS has also owned and managed hotels in the mountainous north of Pakistan and has built Serena hotels in Islamabad, Faisalabad and Quetta. These hotels aim to provide a showcase and a stimulus for local architectural traditions and crafts. TPS's mandate is to realise tourism's potential in selected areas of the developing world. Tourism that promotes awareness of the environments of developing countries and improves appreciation of their cultural traditions can help protect those environments and traditions.
Female carpenter carving name of a coffee shop at CIQAM-Women Social Enterprise, which received machinery to improve the productivity of their carpentry product line at Village Altit, Hunza-Nagar, Gilgit-Baltistan. There are more than 80 women working at the enterprise.
Rural households benefit from having a wide range of income sources that help them to manage uncertainty more successfully. Accordingly, the Aga Khan Rural Support Programme (AKRSP) has supported skills development, vocational training and market development to generate employment opportunities outside the agriculture sector.
Since 2011, AKRSP has supported 27 vocational centres, 30 women's markets, and seven gem-cutting and polishing centres across Gilgit-Baltistan and Chitral.AKRSP's efforts are particularly focused on women, with almost 4,500 people (98% women) receiving training in business management, and almost 5,000 (100% women) in product development.
Over 1,500 people (95% women) have received technical skills training, and 14,122 people (97% women) vocational skills training. The Government of Pakistan, Trocaire, and the Royal Norwegian Embassy in Islamabad support the work to increase opportunities for employment and self-employment in the non-farm sector and contribute to increased household incomes.
Shabana Khatoon is the supervisor of the Community Based Saving Group (CBSG) of women in Haramosh Valley, Gilgit-Baltistan. Her main task is to mobilise women, arrange monthly meetings and encourage them to save more. She plans to open first ever ladies shop and beauty parlor in her village.
Learn more on CBSGs
Many people in the Aga Khan Rural Support Programme (AKRSP)'s programme area face considerable challenges in accessing relevant and affordable financial services. Over the past 30 years, AKRSP has addressed this issue and worked to improve financial inclusion in a variety of ways.
AKRSP reduced its direct involvement in credit and savings when the First MicroFinance Bank, part of the Aga Khan Agency for MicroFinance (AKAM), was established in 2002. However, in an effort to reach populations still under-served by formal financial services, USAID funding has enabled AKRSP to support the formation of community-based savings groups (CBSGs) in Chitral since 2010. To date, 421 CBSGs (385 female groups, 36 male groups) have been formed as part of a wider initiative to reduce financial barriers to accessing health services. So far the groups, with almost 8,000 members (89% women), have generated more than US$10,000 in savings that is available for internal lending to group members. AKRSP plans to extend CBSG coverage across its programme area.
Shaghor micro hydel project, an AKRSP project that will improve the supply of electricity, Chitral, Pakistan.
In profoundly isolated and remote reaches, physical infrastructure can have a transformative effect on quality of life. Over the past two decades, AKRSP has supported 3,800 infrastructure projects that have benefitted over 300,000 households.
These include 2,218 irrigation channels and land development projects, 766 link roads and bridges, and other projects related to water supply, energy and social sectors. AKRSP is increasingly utilising the UN's Clean Development Mechanism to support infrastructure development and maintenance.
All Areas of Activities
Cultural development - Overview
Conservation and development in Gilgit-Baltistan
Walled city of Lahore conservation
Country home
AKDN Financial inclusion
AKDN Tourism promotion
Press Centre: Pakistan


text:
Malham Surname Ancestry Results
Our indexes 1000-1999 include entries for the spelling 'malham'. In the period you have requested, we have the following 36 records (displaying 1 to 10):
Single Surname Subscription
Buying all 36 results of this search individually would cost £172.00. But you can have free access to all 36 records for a year, to view, to save and print, for £100. Save £72.00. More...
malgas malgat malgeer malger malgeri malgeru malget malgham malghas malghom malghum malghun malglaive malgnan malgon malgorne malgrane malgrange malgrave malgum malh'ba malh'be malhami malhantra malhar malhard malhari malharpin malhass malhausn malheiro malher malherb malherba malherbe malherbie malherde malherne malheue malheuish
Close Rolls (1234-1237)
The close rolls of the 19th to 21st years of the reign of king Henry III, that is from 28 October 1234 to 27 October 1237, record the main artery of government administration in England, the orders sent out day by day to individual officers, especially sheriffs of shires: they are an exceptionally rich source for so early a period. Most of the contents relate to England, but there are also entries concerning Wales, Scotland, Ireland and the English possessions in France. This calendar was prepared by staff of the Public Record Office and published in 1908. Latin.
MALHAM. Cost: £6.00.
Yorkshire Inquisitions (1241-1283)
Inquisitions post mortem are inquiries as to the real estate and heir of each person holding in capite or in chief, i. e. directly, from the Crown, or whose estates had been escheated or were in ward. The age and relationship of the heir are usually recorded. Inquisitions ad quod damnum enquired as to any activities (including maladministration by local officials) that had resulted in any material loss to the Crown. Both sets of inquisitions for this period were edited by William Brown for the Yorkshire Archaeological and Topographical Association, and printed in 1891. This index covers all names mentioned, including jurors, tenants, &c.
Grantees of offices, commissions and pardons (1350-1354)
The Patent Rolls are the Chancery enrolments of royal letters patent. Those for the 24th to the 27th years of the reign of king Edward III (25 January 1350 to 24 January 1354) were edited for the Public Record Office by R. F. Isaacson, and published in 1907. The main contents are royal commissions and grants; ratifications of ecclesiastical estates; writs of aid to royal servants and purveyors; and pardons.
Yorkshire Testators and Legatees (1484-1508)
Wills and testaments from the diocese of York (Yorkshire, Nottinghamshire, Hexhamshire, Lancashire north of the Ribble, and southwest Westmorland) registered at York. Richmond and Southwell archdeaconries had their own lower probate jurisdictions, so the wills registered at York are predominantly from the East and West Ridings and the eastern part of the North Riding of Yorkshire. In theory, wills dealt with real property and testaments with personal property, but the distinction hardly applies in practice: most of these wills are in Latin, but some are in English. Being before the Reformation, they commonly start with benefactions to churches, chantries, chapels, &c., and with provisions for the burning of candles ('lights') and saying of masses. This publication in 1869 by the Surtees Society as Testamenta Eboracensia iv is an edition by James Raine of selected wills from the period. Some additional material is included from the Prerogative Court of Canterbury and the York Dean and Chapter archives.
Unpardoned (1509)
Royal grants of all kinds were enrolled on the Patent Rolls of England. Many of these grants originated as signed bills (S. B.) or privy seals (P. S.). J. S. Brewer calendared the rolls for the first year of the reign of king Henry VIII (22 April 1509-21 April 1510) for the Master of the Rolls, including all the surviving signed bills and privy seals (some of which had never led to enrolment), in this volume published in 1862. A general pardon was issued at the accession of the new king, but, for various reasons, certain persons were excluded from the amnesty, and their names are recorded here.
Penshurst Manuscripts (1150-1580)
C. L. Kingsford prepared a calendar of the papers of Lord de L'Isle and Dudley at Penshurst Place in Kent for the Historical Manuscripts Commission, of which this first volume was published in 1925. The material is presented in eleven sections: I. 39 deeds relating to the Sydney family's Surrey and Sussex estates from about 1150 to 1502; II. Summary notes on deeds from these and other English counties (mainly Essex, Kent, Lincolnshire and Yorkshire) and from Wales and Ireland; III. Documents relating to Robertsbridge Abbey in Sussex (charters and deeds; rentals; court rolls; reeve's accounts at Footland; and bursar's accounts) from 1160 onwards; IV. Deeds and documents relating to the church and college of Tattershall in Lincolnshire (deeds; statutes and ordinances; miscellaneous papers; court rolls; and accounts (warden's, steward's, precentor's and impositor's, receiver's, bailiffs', and building and post-dissolution accounts); V. Family papers and estates accounts of the Cromwells of Tattershall (general accounts and wills; accounts of stewards of the household; building accounts of Tattershall castle; estate accounts); VI. Summary lists of various rolls, rentals, surveys and accounts, from various counties (mainly Kent and Lincolnshire); VII. Documents relating to Penshurst and its owners; VIII. Sydney family papers; IX. Accounts of the ironworks at Robertsbridge and in Glamorgan; X. Papers relating to the Council of Wales, 1526 to 1580; and XI. Irish Accounts, from sir Henry Sydney's terms as Vice-Treasurer and Lord Deputy of Ireland, 1556 to 1578.
Yorkshire Feet of Fines (1571-1584)
Pedes Finium - law suits, or pretended suits, putting on record the ownership of land in Yorkshire
Knaresborough testators, legatees and witnesses (1510-1606)
Knaresborough in the West Riding of Yorkshire lay in the ancient diocese of York, but was part of a large separate probate jurisdiction or peculiar encompassing the parishes of Burton Leonard, Farnham cum Scotton, Fewston, Great Ouseburn, Hampsthwaite, Knaresborough, South Stainley, Staveley, and some small adjoining areas. Grants of probate and administration, as well as copies of wills, were recorded on the Knaresborough court rolls. Dr Francis Collins prepared abstracts of all enrolled wills, grants of administration, and of tuition, from the 2nd year of the reign of king Henry VIII to the 3rd and 4th of James I, 'no matter how insignificant in life the testator may have been or how uninteresting the will', and these were published by the Surtees Society in 1902.
Inhabitants of Ripon (1354-1609)
In 1888 the Surtees Society published, as the 3rd volume of Memorials of the Church of SS Peter and Wilfrid, Ripon, a collection of extracts from a variety of sources relating to the minster - a copy of the appropriate section from the Valor Ecclesiasticus of 1535-6; chantry certificates of 1546-7; ministers' accounts of 1547-9; fabric rolls (giving accounts of expenditure on the buildings) from 1354 to 1542; a paper book of about 1520; treasurers' rolls from 1401 to 1485; chamberlains' rolls from 1410 to 1558; an inquisition of 1609 (from the Duchy of Lancaster archives); and extracts from the diocesan archives of 1567 to 1580. The people that appear in these records are not only the clergy, but also workmen maintaining and repairing the fabric, local tenants, and the names of the deceased whose obits incurred small payments to the church.
Cheshire gentry and their ancestors (1580-1613)
Richard St George, Norroy King of Arms, and Henry St George, Bluemaster Pursuivant of Arms, of the College of Arms, conducted a heraldic visitation of Cheshire in 1612 and 1613, recording pedigrees of gentlemen claiming the right to bear coats of arms. A copy of their visitation was elaborated by the addition of other Cheshire pedigrees in Harleian Manuscript 1535: and this manuscript was edited by sir George J. Armytage and John Paul Rylands for publication by the Harleian Society in 1909. It has a large number of pedigrees of Cheshire gentry, with a few brief abstracts from early documents; and the pedigrees of some offshoots from old Cheshire stocks which had taken root in other counties. The pedigrees largely relate to the period back from 1613 to the previous visitation of 1580, but there is also some older material, particularly back into the 15th century. In most cases each pedigree is prefixed by a heraldic description of the coat of arms. The printed volume also includes (pages 1 to 4) a list of Cheshire men who disclaimed the right to bear a coat of arms at the 1613 visitation, taken from Harleian Manuscript 1070.


text:
It was s a melancholy moment to watch the last space shuttle, Atlantis, lift off into space. After thirty years of history-making missions, the shuttle program is coming to an end. It is expected to be at least three years before we will launch another U.S.-built space craft.
Atlantis commander, Chris Ferguson, said, "The shuttle is always going to be a reflection of what a great nation can do when it dares to be bold and commits to follow through. We're not ending the journey today, we're completing a chapter of a journey that will never end. … Let's light this fire one more time, and witness this great nation at its best."
The space program was launched by President John F. Kennedy in 1961 when he shared one of the most effective "vision" statements ever created, "Before this decade is out we will put a man on the moon and return him safely to earth." That short sentence changed the course of history.
Why did that vision statement work when so many fail?
It was bold. It inspired people to think in terms that exceeded their goals up until that point.
It was clear. Everyone with a role to play knew the job that laid ahead–a US spacecraft was to be built and launched, it had to be able to land on the moon (not just explore space, nor go planet hopping), and it had to return passengers safely to earth (sure made it easier to get astronauts interested in the program!). Everyone had the same understanding.
It was actionable. Since it was clear about the goal, people understood what was expected of them and could set out to work together to get it done. When the outcome is fuzzy people don't know where to start.
It captured the heart. The idea of landing an American man on the moon engaged the hearts and minds of not only the world of science exploration but galvanized the imagination and enthusiasm of a country.
It has been an honor to be able to witness this bit of history and we can only hope that the next generation of space exploration will be as successful and meaningful. Let's hope we have a clear vision to guide the mission.


text:
Q: What are [Yield, Await, In, Return] in EcmaScript grammar Many productions in EcmaScript are given with the following "modifiers":
[Yield, Await, In, Return]

Here are a few examples:
ArrayLiteral[Yield, Await]:
  ...

ElementList[Yield, Await]:
 ... AssignmentExpression[+In, ?Yield, ?Await]

I've searched through the spec for the explanation, specifically Grammar Notation section, but can't find it. It should be there. Can someone please point me to the relevant paragraph and maybe provide a short explanation?

A: Section 5.1.5: Grammar Notation -

A production may be parameterized by a subscripted annotation of the form "[parameters]", which may appear as a suffix to the nonterminal symbol defined by the production. "parameters" may be either a single name or a comma separated list of names. A parameterized production is shorthand for a set of productions defining all combinations of the parameter names, preceded by an underscore, appended to the parameterized nonterminal symbol. This means that:

StatementList[Return]:
   ReturnStatement
   ExpressionStatement

is a convenient abbreviation for:

StatementList:
   ReturnStatement
   ExpressionStatement
StatementList_Return:
   ReturnStatement
   ExpressionStatement

and that:

StatementList[Return, In]:
   ReturnStatement
   ExpressionStatement

is an abbreviation for:

StatementList:
   ReturnStatement
   ExpressionStatement
StatementList_Return:
   ReturnStatement
   ExpressionStatement
StatementList_In:
   ReturnStatement
   ExpressionStatement
StatementList_Return_In:
   ReturnStatement
   ExpressionStatement

Multiple parameters produce a combinatory number of productions, not all of which are necessarily referenced in a complete grammar.

It continues from there talking about parameterizing right-hand sides, adding "opt", etc.
(When searching, don't just look for [Return] and such specifically, as they can and usually do appear in groups like [Yield, Await, Return] and [?Yield, ?Await, ?Return] as in the syntax for Block.)
Section 12.1.1: Identifiers - Static Semantics: Early Errors -

It is a Syntax Error if this production has a [Yield] parameter and StringValue of Identifier is  "yield".
It is a Syntax Error if this production has an [Await] parameter and StringValue of Identifier is  "await".

Section 12.10: Relational Operators -

The [In] grammar parameter is needed to avoid confusing the in operator in a relational expression with the in operator in a for statement.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


What is an alaw file and how do I open an alaw file?
The ALAW file extension is a data format associated to A-Law Compressed Sound. ALAW files and A-Law Compressed Sound were released in 1972. These files represent audio compression scheme common in voice only applications and are mostly used in European systems. Slightly similar to u-Law compression format, it compresses original 16-bit audio down to 8 bits (for a 2:1 compression ratio) with a dynamic range of about 13-bits.The compression data is half the size of the original sample. With such compression rate, logarithmic encoding and decoding is fast and basically falls under WAV file category. They are also known as CCITT standard G.711 and are used to improve signal to noise ratio for digital telephones. This indicates that lost information would not be heard by the human ear. They have the ability to optimize the dynamic range of an audio signal. Files in ALAW format can be opened with Apple QuickTime Player in Mac Os and Microsoft Windows-based systems.


text:
Q: MDB exception handling I have an MDB that calls some methods in its onMessage() method.Inside the catch block of onMessage() I run  an update query using preparestatement.I notice that if the flow reaches the catch block it does not commit the update statement.Is it not possible to do that inside the catch block of an MDB?My onMessage() methos is like this
public void onMessage(Message message) {

try{
someMethod()
}
catch(Throwable o)
{
someUpdateMethod()//update query runs here
}
}

A: Whatever threw the exception caused the transaction context into rollback only mode.
When onMessage returns all transactional resources will be called to rollback. This includes the datasource used for the prepared statement in someUpdateMethod().
To get the update committed it must be executed in a separate transaction. Do this by calling another stateless session bean with the @TransactionAttribute(TransactionAttributeType.REQUIRES_NEW) on the method.
@MessageDriven(...
public class MyMdb inpelements MessageListener
    @EJB
    Updater updater;

    @Override
    public void onMessage(Message message) {
      try {
          someMethod();
      }
      catch(Throwable o) {
         updater.someUpdateMethod();
      }
    }
}

The stateless session EJB that executes the update in a separate transaction.
@Stateless
public class Updater {
    @TransactionAttribute(TransactionAttributeType.REQUIRES_NEW)
    public String someUpdateMethod() {
        //update query runs here
    }
}


JUNGWOO ENE has been able to achieve this growth since its founding. It is the highest level of R & D investment to secure new growth momentum. It is a management innovation mind that can anticipate the changes of the times and satisfy the needs of the market. It was possible because you were customers.
Our professional know-how has been formed based on abundant experience and excellent technology. We have accumulated customer's trust through the success of all parts of the project including design, engineering, production and installation. JUNGWOO ENE will continue to strive and work hard.
In the 21st century, environmental issues have become a very important social concern not only in developed countries but also in all countries of the world. As governments are implementing large-scale investments while strengthening environmental regulatory policies, the LNG field will continue to grow tremendously.
In line with the trends of this environmental industry, we are constantly developing products and developing markets to expand the global market. We promise to lead the global market by developing innovative future products while establishing continuous cooperation with companies in related fields in Korea.


text:
Memorable Football Moments
The 'beautiful game' of football has over the years seen some very interesting things that have stuck in the minds of many soccer lovers. Without a doubt, some of these moments were moments that can never be described even half as well as they ought to simply because they are too breath-taking. Some other moments make you want to replay the event over and over.
The 1999 Women's World Cup Finals
This event was supposed to announce that women should not to be left behind in the advancement of football. And true to their world, the women displayed some of the most scintillating football skills. The highlight of the tournament however, came in the final where the US was playing China. In front of a sold out crowd at the Rose Dowl in California, both teams failed to win the game in regular time and the game went to penalties. Us keeper Briana Scurry had been one the top performers for the team and she was the reason the US was still vying for the title. However Brandi Chastain, her team mate stole the spotlight when she fired home the winning goal and did something that very few players have been able to do - she tore off her jersey in celebration!
The 1999 UEFA Champions League Final
This game was one of the most hugely anticipated games of the decade and it had Germany's Bayern Munich up against England's Manchester United in the final of the UEFA Champions League. For a great part of the match, United trailed after an early six minute foul by Ronny Johnsen on Bayern striker Carsten Jancker just outside the penalty area. Mario Basler stepped up to take the free kick and sent Bayern fans into celebration after he beat united keeper Peter Schmeichel. After 90 minutes, Bayern were comfortably in the lead and were set to win the Champions League when something extra ordinary happened. In the first of three minutes of injury time, Sheringham scored the goal that would momentarily silence Bayern and give United a ray of hope; at least to send them into extra time. However, just 30 seconds after the kick off United forced another corner and Solskjær shot the ball into the roof of the Bayern net. This is probably one of the greatest shock come backs of all time and after United had scored the second goal, Bayern players were almost unable to restart replay and were only assisted by referee Pierluigi Collina to get back to the game albeit for a few more seconds.
Diego Maradona's Double Against England
For many England fans, the name Diego Maradona arouses feelings of dislike and anger. For other people, the name simply raises memories that will forever be held dear to soccer fanatics across the world. Argentina was playing England for a place at the 1986 World Cup semi finals and this game was regarded one of the most hugely contested games. Diego Maradonna's two goals in the game will forever be remembered for two different reasons. The first was controversially allowed after what later came to be known as the 'Hand of God' in which Maradonna handed the ball as he sent it into the back of the net. The second goal will forever be remembered as 'the goal of the century' after Maradonna used his trickery, speed and vision to waltz his way through five outfield English players before he rounded English goalkeeper Shilton to score his and Argentina's second goal after a scintillating 10-second-60-meter dash.
Written by Jason King
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text:
Q: Wordpress query not filtering by taxonomy when specifying a slug I have a custom post type called news. Inside that I have two custom taxonomies called press-releases and media-coverage. When I query for multiple posts with this query:
$args = array(
        'post_type' => 'news',
        'news_type' => 'press-releases',
        'posts_per_page' => 15,
        'paged' => $json_api->query->page,
    );

    $query = new WP_Query($args);

It only gets news posts categorized as press-releases like I want. But if I specify a slug that exists in media-coverage it returns that post even though I have the press-releases taxonomy specified. Example:
$args = array(
            'name' => $slug,
            'post_type' => 'news',
            'news_type' => 'press-releases',
            'posts_per_page' => 1,
        );

A: You may try this
$args = array(
    'post_type'   => 'news',
    'name' => '$slug,
    'posts_per_page' => 1,
    'tax_query' => array(
        array(
            'taxonomy' => 'news_type',
            'field' => 'slug',
            'terms' => 'press-releases'
        )
    )
);


My sister, Kristina Miller, recently brought her fiddle to the bluegrass scene in San Francisco. Jamming there is rousing fun, and the most impromptu thing you can imagine. She finds a bar and some other musicians (ideally a banjo, guitar, fiddle, mandolin, and bass), someone calls a tune, and the others strike it up, taking turns improvising and backing up the soloist. Kristina and her fellow musicians are like ancient bards, re-crafting existing pieces in a performance unique to time, place, and audience.
The fiddler models what every artist longs for: instantaneous inspiration. Energized in the moment by audience and fellow musicians, she creates fresh music out of thin air. To the artist who has run dry, this kind of inspiration may seem like a gift, unpredictable as a bolt of lightning. But Kristina will tell you differently. It's exciting, but it isn't magic.
The art is in the way you combine those blocks.
Kristina's insights reminded me of Daniel Coyle's Little Book of Talent and The Talent Code. Coyle insists that talent isn't a gift bestowed upon you by the muses, or by your genes. You build it through persistent practice.
Coyle describes discipline and creativity in terms of "hard skills" and "soft skills." Hard and soft skills use different parts of your brain and require different methods of practice.
Hard skills are high-precision skills, and every art has its own set. They are techniques that need to be exact and reliable. Dancers have to learn complex positions, movements, and rhythms. Fiddlers spend years perfecting bow-strokes, scales, and fancy licks. To learn these skills, you have to repeat them carefully, until they're built into your neural pathways. It can feel as inspirational as a pilates workout; but these techniques are your tools, and you need them on hand if you ever hope to create.
As you practice your hard skills, you can mature into the soft skills. These are highly flexible skills that depend on intuition: the ability to respond to patterns, feelings, and possibilities. They allow you to use your hard skills in creative, interactive ways. Think of two bantering conversation partners, a novelist crafting plot twists, bluegrass musicians passing around a tune. To develop soft skills, you need to experiment over and over. Failures actually help expand your responsiveness and creativity. Kristina says she needs a space where she feels safe making mistakes because fiddlers have plenty of opportunities for messing up. In a jam session, you may have to pick up a tune you've never heard before and be ready to improvise on it when your turn comes.
There's the feeling of fear, the excitement because you never know quite what's going to happen. The pressure to play something good, to wow the audience and your friends surrounding you. Because you know you're going to get your brief chance to shine, maybe 16 measures, and that's all for that song. And then sometimes you get that feeling of confidence and peace and freedom. That's what you really want, when music just flows. It's like skiing. You're just going going going, and you might swerve or stumble, but you just have to keep going, and hopefully you'll make it to the bottom alive. It really is exhilarating.
In a way, discipline brings freedom. Forcing yourself to practice regularly, as well as attending jams or other places where you're pushed outside of your comfort zone, even when you're not feeling it, will help you eventually get there. You can't wait until you're good enough to go into the circle, because you'll never get good until you start somewhere.
Magical as it feels, inspiration is really as predictable as a formula: Skill + Ignition = Creative Inspiration. If you trust that inspiration is something you can access, you'll no longer sit down to your work wondering, do I have it today? You'll just get to work—experimenting, revising, and trying again.


I guess I'm writing this to try and give myself some perspective. If I write all the garbage from my head down and then come back and read it later and pretend it's someone else's garbage maybe I can get some kind of perspective.
I got prescribed oxycodone a couple years ago for a back injury that just wouldn't heal up. The meds didn't help much and I was running out before the end of the month. I found poppy seed tea (PST) late last year and it was a miracle. Not only did it really help my back pain, but it helped it all day. It also relieves my migraines that tend to end me up in the ER a couple times a month. I knew it was addictive, but didn't really care. I figured I was going to be on it for the rest of my life anyway. It was my miracle drug, back pain, migraines, joint pain, anxiety, depression. It is my fix-all.
I can't have pain stop me. My husband has Parkinson's disease, type one diabetes, kidney disease and fights bouts of depression. My mom and dad live the next street over and my dad can't do much of anything after his stroke and my mom needs a lot of help around the place. My daughters husband just walked out on her and now she needs help with the baby. My husband can't drive, so if he has an appointment I can't say, "I don't feel good." I have to drive him. I can power through a certain amount of pain, but at some point, I need help. Thus the PST.
Well...my back got fixed. After all the MRIs and labs and everything else, I went to a chiropractor and now my back is pain free. Yea!! But I have developed a meaningful relationship with PST. I need to still be able to use it for migraines, but I have to quit using it for everything else now. Before it was for my back, but it helped everything else too. Now I have to go back to the achy joints and bones. The social anxiety and the "my life is never ending doctors appointments " depression.
My mom and ya'll on DF are the only ones that know I'm dependent/addicted. I don't know which I am. I know I am physically dependent. I will get withdrawals. But I don't know if I am addicted to not. I was addicted to alcohol. Full blown alcoholic. When I put the bottle down I felt like I had lost my best friend. It took years and I'm still adjusting to life without booze. Booze is definitely my drug of choice. But me and booze don't mix anymore. The last ten years of drinking was just an angry blur. Anyways, sorry for the tangent there. I guess I will find out when I quit if I addicted. Not that it really matters, either way I have to stop the daily use of PST. But for all the reasons mentioned above I don't have time to go through withdrawals.
So the quandary, when to quit. Right now, right now yells the crowd. It's not that easy. We leave tomorrow for treatment 200 miles away. When we get back I have two weeks before we have to go back. Four or five years ago I had surgery and was on oxycodone for about 4 months. When I quit I had chronic diarrhea that lasted until I hurt my back and was on oxycodone again. Good lord I do not want to go back to that. Having to wear a damn diaper. Getting thirty seconds warning I need to be on a pot if I was lucky. It's a living hell. I adjusted diet, I tried ant-diarrheals, even went to the doctor and nothing worked.
I don't really know how bad the withdrawals are going to be. I have been taking 400 grams a day for over six months. I have reduced this to every other day several times since my back got fixed with no ill effects. About the 36 hour mark the restless leg syndrome starts. It will wake me up in a sound sleep and the only thing I've done is redose. I've never gone long enough to find out when the bowel issues will start. When I went through withdrawals from the oxycodone it only lasted 3 or 4 days, other than the diarrhea, and it was just RLS, insomnia and general blah feeling. But I wasn't on that high of dose. It was only 14mg every 4 or 6 hours.
I know withdrawals from the PST are going to be longer and harder. After using PST for a week or so, I ran out of poppy seeds and took some oxycodone. I ended up taking three times my normal dose and it didn't touch the pain. My tolerance is much higher than it was before I started the PST. I don't know if a persons tolerance makes any difference in the withdrawals, but I am in uncharted territory for me.
I can't get kratom. Weed is out, I just get stupid and paranoid. If loperamide would work in reasonable doses I might try it, but anything more than 6mg for more than 3 or 4 days and I'm done with that. Don't need that monkey on my back. I know lots of fluids and have some ideas about vitamins, but I am also on a limited budget and vitamins are crazy expensive.
I will quit the day we come back from a treatment. That will be a Monday and it will give me two weeks before I have to be fully functional. I will make it on a week when we only have his Tuesday appointment and I shouldn't have to do anything but the normal stuff around the house for a week and then his next Tuesday appointment.
Until then any ideas about maybe tapering? My mix makes about 2 cups of liquid. I was thinking maybe cut back to 1 1/2 cups and seeing how it goes and then cutting back another 1/2 cup. Any ideas are welcome. I have read through a bunch of recovery journals but I haven't found one for PST. I even used the search engine for PST withdrawals and didn't come up with much.
Anywho thanks for letting me ramble and maybe this will make sense when I read it tomorrow.