text:
Q: How to visualize tile-map Kibana elasticsearch I'm not sure why my data points aren't visualized in the tile-map. I'm dynamically adding the data points through the elasticsearch python client (https://elasticsearch-py.readthedocs.org/en/master/). The visualization keeps returning

Furthermore, here is initial mapping of the geo_point.
{
    "mappings": {
        "geo": {
            "properties": {
                "location": {
                    "type": "geo_point",
                    "geohash": true,
                    "geohash_prefix": true
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

EDIT:

A: If your mapping is not set up correctly, Kibana doesn't let you select the geohash aggregation in the config panel on the left. This rather seems to be a problem with the indexed data.
What does the timestamp in your mapping look like? Do you have such recent data that your time selection should return some results for the last 15 minutes? Please check the selection at the top right corner...

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Two Burlington Township High School students signed to their respective colleges last week during national signing day.
Everett Wormley signed to play football with Rutgers University. In the back row is Athletic Director Pete Teifer, Superintendent Mary Ann Bell, Assistant Principal Naomi Treadgill, Principal Phil Brownridge, Football Coach Thomas Madiera and Assistant Football Coach Josh Johnston. In the front row is Wormley's sister Morgan, his mom Richelle, Everett Wormley and Wormley's dad, William.
Nasier Brister signed to play football with Shippensburg University. In the back row is Superintendent Mary Ann Bell, Principal Phil Brownridge, Football Coach Thomas Madiera and Athletic Director Pete Teifer. In the front row is Brister's mother, Tashara Privott, Nashier Brister, and Brister's father, Cazzie Brister.


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V2V finally on its way, but is it too late?
V2V development has focused on dedicated short-range communication, but it has critics.
After more than a decade's worth of research, development and investment, the dawn of the connected car appears imminent.
In addition to the mandate for vehicle-to-vehicle communications technology the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration proposed this month, the Department of Transportation is actively developing guidance for vehicle-to-infrastructure communication and testing that technology in areas across the country. The first V2V-enabled vehicle will hit dealerships next year as well, the 2017 Cadillac CTS.
But even as the dream of connected cars inches closer, many regulatory and infrastructure challenges remain. Perhaps most significant are concerns that technological development soon will shift away from the radio-based technology underlying NHTSA's rule — known as dedicated short-range communication — making the mandate outdated by the time it takes effect.
NHTSA estimates that up to 1,321 lives a year could be saved by V2V-related applications once the mandate is in full effect. Assuming it is adopted in 2019, all new vehicles will be fully equipped with communication technology by 2023.
But critics say the possible seven-year gap before that penetration is achieved could mean the U.S. fleet will be propping up technology that's already on its way out.
"There are serious limitations to [dedicated short-range communication] technology," said Roger Lanctot, an analyst with Strategy Analytics and a vocal proponent of using newer cellular technology, the kind that powers smartphone communication, instead.
The prospect of 5G cellular networks is tantalizing to vehicle connectivity experts. This year, Audi, BMW and Daimler formed an association with telecom firms Qualcomm, Huawei, Ericsson, Intel and Nokia to study the potential of 5G networks for future fleets.
"We expect 5G to become the worldwide dominating mobile communications standard of the next decade," Christoph Grote, senior vice president for electronics at BMW, said in a release announcing the alliance.
One distinct advantage of cellular, Lanctot said, is the already-built infrastructure in the form of cell towers.
For the current V2V mandate to deliver on its full potential, cities and states would need to roll out dedicated short-range receivers on highways and at intersections to interact with connected cars. Until now, that infrastructure has been limited to test sites. This year, the Transportation Department launched pilot projects in New York City, Wyoming and Tampa, Fla., to build out connected infrastructure, but questions remain on how it will penetrate the rest of the U.S. and where the funding will come from.
Additionally, advocates of cellular technology point to potential functionality that is either impossible or more difficult with the short-range communication.
One example is device-to-device communication. This technology bypasses network infrastructure so that, for example, cars and pedestrians' smartphones can communicate directly to avoid possible accidents.
NHTSA regulators evaluated cellular and other communication technologies such as satellite and Wi-Fi but dismiss them as unprepared for implementation today.
Industry insiders who have worked on developing the rules and standards of dedicated short-range communication for years view these discussions as a distraction.
These discussions promise to intensify as the 90-day comment period on NHTSA's rule commences. The proposed mandate allows carmakers to achieve similar effects with "other technologies that meet certain performance and interoperability requirements," and Smith underscores that V2V-enabled cars will need to be adaptable and backward-compatible with a range of communications technology.
The verdict is out on how these technologies will work together, not only in the car but in the overall transportation ecosystem. While Foxx and NHTSA Administrator Mark Rosekind positioned the mandate as the end of a long development process, its introduction also could portend a boom in communications work across the industry.
Could an AI book your next vacation?
Is this the 2018 Jeep Wrangler?


Tumen Ekh Ensemble is the best Mongolia's premier traditional performance group. Featuring folk and traditional music, song, dance and contortion, Tumen Ekh is a must-see for visitors of the capital city Ulaanbaatar, who interested in colorful art and culture of the land of the blue sky. The music of Mongolia expresses vastness, freedom and life in harmony with nature and the environment. The Tumen Ekh ensemble is one of the most successful folk art groups to share traditional Mongolian music with the world, having traveled to over 40 countries to introduce the unique, vibrant and astonishing art of Mongolia. They have successfully performed at the World Music Center in New York, the Kennedy Center in Washington D.C. and Buckingham Palace in the UK among others.


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Chaste's exact origin is unknown. While she is clearly a Felinoid, she was discovered living alone in the wild jungles of Kaneon-9 by the crew of the FSS-CH13. She eventually was given a special appointment to the Cosmic Hellcats forces by Admiral Otto Solace and now serves as Armsmaster aboard the FSS-CH9. Perhaps the most feared combatant in the Squadron, Chaste has a no-nonsense "shoot first and let Ceiling Cat sort them out" attitude. While on the surface she is distant and mean-spirited towards her fellow shipmates, she is extremely protective of them and considers them her family – the only family she has ever known. Extended Bio
Recent Appearance: Hellcat Cosplay 2018: Chaste
First Appearance: We're Going Giant Hunting
Fluffy is the Artificial Intelligence that controls the shipboard computer of the FSS-CH9. Like all felinoid smartships, the neural network that forms his AI is sentient and capable of independent thought, learning and emotion. This design is intended to make the smartship feel a kinship with the team by causing it to consider itself a member of the team. However, while most smartships become attached and protective of their crew, the constant danger that the CH-9 tends to face through the team's relative inexperience and general recklessness has caused Fluffy to treat them with some amount of disdain. In particular, he is rather antagonistic of Damsel and Sarah, whom (as pilot and engineer) he blames for the majority of his perils, and Andrew, whom he considers to be an inferior artificial intelligence.
Sarah Prankha
Of all the crew of the FSS-CH9, Sarah probably wants to be there the least. A brilliant scientist and leading authority on rocket science and physics, her intelligence and technical ability are rivaled only by her libido and hedonistic nature. Born a flower child to hippie parents, she finds herself constantly torn between the worlds of free-love and semi-conductor mechanics. While she is well respected in her field and throughout the Kingdom for her brilliance, her carefree attitude and lack of discretion landed her a court martial and got her "sentenced" to active duty with the Hellcats. While she loves her crewmates, she'd greatly prefer life on firm land to the isolation of deep space. Extended Bio
First Appearance: R and R
Hellcat Cosmos - "Fifth Time's the Charm"
Fifth Time's the Charm
by Fluffy on June 25, 2018 at 12:05 am
Characters: Chaste, Damsel Reed, Fluffy, Sarah Prankha

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


We are eager to fully equip the Nepal churches with the Word of God. Many are crying out for it but cannot afford one. we want to bless our Nepal Brothers and Sisters with Bibles. They have been praying and earnestly waiting for them.


Here is an excerpt from Galileo's report of his attempt to determine the speed of light in a vacuum.
Let each of two persons take a light contained in a lantern, or other receptacle, such that by the interposition of the hand, the one can shut off or admit the light to the vision of the other. Next let them stand opposite each other at a distance of a few cubits and practice until they acquire such skill in uncovering and occulting their lights that the instant one sees the light of his companion he will uncover his own…. Having acquired skill at this short distance let the two experimenters, equipped as before, take up positions separated by a distance of two or three miles and let them perform the same experiment at night, noting carefully whether the exposures and occultations occur in the same manner as at short distances; if they do, we may safely conclude that the propagation of light is instantaneous; but if time is required at a distance of three miles which, considering the going of one light and the coming of the other, really amounts to six, then the delay ought to be easily observable….
In fact I have tried the experiment only at a short distance, less than a mile, from which I have not been able to ascertain with certainty whether the appearance of the opposite light was instantaneous or not; but if not instantaneous it is extraordinarily rapid….
How does this compare to the reaction time of a typical human?
Start with the definition of speed and solve it for time.
Use the round trip distance of two Italian miles.
For this problem, it's probably better to state the answer in milliseconds.
Reaction time for an action like opening and closing a lantern shade is around 300 milliseconds. This is 25,000 times larger than the event being measured or 2.5 million per cent error.
Use Rømer's method and Rømer's numbers to determine the speed of light in a vacuum. If you're comfortable reading Seventeenth Century French, here's the paragraph that reports Rømer's measurement of a 22 minute delay as the light from Jupiter's moon Io traverses the extra distance equal to the diameter of earth's orbit (represented by HE on a diagram in the report).
I couldn't find any astronomical measurements from Rømer's day, so here are the currently accepted values.
Determine the speed of light in a vacuum using Rømer's method.
The Earth and Jupiter are closest when they're on the same side of the sun. They're farthest apart approximately six months later, when the Earth has moved halfway round its orbit. In this same time span, Jupiter has moved just a bit.
The moons of Jupiter appear 22 minutes later after six months because the Earth is considerably farther from Jupiter than it used to be. The extra distance is equal to the diameter of Earth's orbit (twice the Earth-sun distance). Use these two numbers to compute the speed of light like Rømer did. Watch the units. Get the distance in meters (not kilometers) and the time in seconds (not minutes).
This is off by about 34%, which is pretty good for the year 1676. No one prior to this had even the slightest idea how fast light really was. It would take almost 200 years to get a value within 1% of what we currently agree to be the "true" value.
What if one fine evening, as the sun was setting and a full moon was rising, the sun suddenly quit emitting light?
How soon after the sun went black would we know about it on earth?
Sketch the relative positions of the sun, earth, and moon at the time described above.
How soon before or after we saw the sun go dark would the moon cease shining?
Answer it! What is the speed of dark?


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By Colleen Fitzpatrick With Andrew Yeiser Premium
Watching Gil Grissom, Catherine Willows and the other science-savvy crime fighters on TV's "CSI: Crime Scene Investigation," you might see little in common between their ultra-modern evidence gathering methods and your old-school ways of doing family history detective work. After all, what on earth would a genealogist do with a petri dish, other than use it to store paper clips?
If you go beyond the test tubes and microscopes, however, the connection's clear: Whether you're solving a casino murder or searching for Great-great-grandma's burial site, it's important to think analytically, use all the tools at your disposal and let the evidence tell the story.
By taking a cue from those "CSI" sleuths—in other words, adopting a "forensic" approach to family history—you can uncover amazing clues to your past. That's the tactic I've taken in my research, and it's helped me find intriguing ancestral insights, sometimes in odd places. My investigations have led me to study 150-year-old weather records, 1910 Model T sales, the history of bearded ladies in the circus and other unlikely sources.
Eager to start solving your own family history mysteries using the secrets of forensic genealogy? Try these seven techniques for analyzing ancestral evidence.
1. Look beyond the obvious.
Sometimes the most evident details aren't the keys to solving a mystery. Consider the above portrait of the woman in the hat. A single feature of the photo gives away the earliest date it could've been taken. What do you think it is?
The telltale evidence of this photo's date is the curtain in the background, which tells us the picture was taken in a photo booth. Since photo booths weren't introduced to the public until 1925, the picture couldn't have been taken before then.
Did you home in on that distinctive hat? When I set out to date this picture, I tried researching the headwear myself—without luck. But once I turned my attention to the curtain, the clues fell into place: The drapery style, the photo's size, the woman's pose, and her position relative to the camera and curtain were all consistent with other photo booth pictures I compared this one to.
Likewise, don't overlook a photograph's potentially helpful physical features—for instance, those crinkly (deckled) edges around mid-20th-century photos. Did you know pictures developed at the same time from the same box of print paper can fit together like a jigsaw puzzle? During the manufacturing process, machines with serrated cutting edges sliced sheets of print paper into smaller squares, which were then packaged together. When a photo lab developed a roll of film, that customer's prints often wound up on squares cut from the same batch. And you can reassemble the puzzle to find out which pictures came from the same roll. If you can identify people in some of the pictures, you have clues to when, where and why the pictures were taken—facts that can help you identify unknown people in pictures from the same roll.
Here's an example: I found a picture of two relatives (above) in a box of about 60 family photos. Although I knew many of the subjects' identities, I had no idea who those men were. By "puzzling" this picture together with other deckle-edged photos in the box, I found a match with a picture of my grandmother's 50th birthday. I had heard from family stories this special occasion was one of the few times all members of the immediate family were assembled. Through a process of elimination, I identified the people in the pictures and deduced the men had to be my two uncles from New Orleans. My older relatives confirmed this.
2. Collect invisible evidence.
Like criminologists, genealogists should always keep their eyes peeled for missing details. Sometimes the clues you can't see are as important as the evidence that's present.
Consider city directories, a staple source for finding out where ancestors lived during a particular period of time. You shouldn't dismiss names and addresses you don't find in a city directory: Their absence can help you as much as the ones you do find.
Suppose you've tracked an ancestor—we'll call him John Olson—in Philadelphia city directories for several consecutive years in the 1870s, but he suddenly disappears from subsequent editions in 1875. That might lead you to wonder if he died or moved. Upon closer inspection, you discover this listing in the 1876 edition: "Olson, Elizabeth M. (wid. John)." Now you have evidence that John died between 1874 and 1876.
Of course, you'll want to consult other records to confirm your conclusion (and find a more specific date). Don't merely assume: One or two years' absence from city directories doesn't necessarily signal your ancestor's death or relocation. After all, if you've moved in the past, you probably didn't show up in your new home-town's phone book right away, did you? Check directories for at least five years after your forebear first goes missing; if he still doesn't show up, you can pursue those other possibilities.
Photos often hold invisible clues, too. Take a look at the family portrait of five (above). After studying this 19th-century cabinet card, I surmised that the couple probably had at least five children. Why? During this period, couples commonly had kids about every two years, but the children in the picture are obviously more than two years apart. A note on the back of the photo gave the children's ages 1, 5 and 11. So the parents easily could've had one child between the toddler and 5-year-old, and two between the 5-year-old and 11-year-old.
To see if these age gaps were indeed invisible evidence of other offspring, I researched 1890s birth and death records for Planteville, Wis., the town shown on the photographer's imprint—and learned the couple had at least three additional children.
3. Scrutinize every suspect.
You don't want to let clues slip through the cracks because you're too focused on researching one particular fact or family member—that's why you copy down every scrap of information from a death certificate, for instance, or study neighbors and relatives in the census.
This type of thorough investigation helped me discover a piece of family health history from an ordinary portrait. The picture above picture shows my great-great-grandparents Peter and Mary (Hanlon) Fitzpatrick surrounded by some of their children. One of those pictured has a serious medical problem. Do you know which one, and can you diagnose the problem? (No, it's not the woman in the back row wearing the strangulation corset.) Don't peek until you've taken a good look at each person.
The answer: My-great-great-grandmother, the elderly woman in the front row, has had a stroke. My family doctor first identified her symptoms—in particular, the left side of her face is paralyzed. She's also propped up in a chair or a wheelchair; see how much higher her waist is than that of her husband, as well as the others seated in the front row? Notice, too, that the other chairs are visible, but the old woman's clothes seem carefully arranged to hide hers.
This discovery led me to look for hospital records. Because they're often privately held, hospital records can be tough to get, but I was lucky: The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints' Family History Library <www.familysearch.org> had microfilmed the admission documents from New Orleans' Charity Hospital, the nearest one to the Fitzpatrick family's residence. So I ordered the microfilms to view at my local branch Family History Center.
I'm still looking through the admission records to find out when she might've been admitted—and establish the earliest possible date for the picture. Based on the style of the photograph and the apparent ages of the couple and the children, I've narrowed my target time frame to the 1890s and early 1900s.
4. Add up details to reconstruct the scene.
We're all familiar with large record collections such as censuses, city directories and birth and death certificates—we use these sources to find specific information about someone. But when you look at such records as a set instead of individually, you can go beyond the strict genealogical facts to get a much richer picture of your ancestors' lives and times.
For example, suppose several of your ancestors died in a small town. As long as you're looking through the records to find death dates, why not check out how many of the town's residents died each year? An unusually high number could indicate an epidemic. You can take this a step further and look at birth (or baptismal) records, too. If the town's death rate didn't spike but its number of surnames dwindled to only a handful, this should raise suspicion: Did something prompt families to migrate out of the area?
To show how you can put this principle into action, let me share another example involving hospital admission records. When searching for Great-great-grandma's admission to Charity Hospital (see tip 3), I decided to investigate the entire collection for clues about the lives of local Irish immigrants in the early 1850s.
Charity Hospital was established in 1736 to offer free medical care to the indigent. (It's now called the Medical Center of Louisiana at New Orleans.) During the early 1850s' about 80 percent of incoming patients were Irish famine immigrants who couldn't afford to pay.
Tallying daily admissions might sound tedious, but it was actually easy to do as I was scrolling through the microfilm: Each page in the admissions book had space for 50 names, so all I had to do was count the blank lines at the end of a page, or names overflowing onto the next.
The number of admissions varied over the year, with most patients arriving in mid-August—typically the hottest, wettest time of the year in New Orleans. I suspected that increase was weather-related, so I requested 1850s temperature and rainfall records from Louisiana's state climatology office <www.losc.lsu.edu>. Those records confirmed my theory: The number of admissions rose and fell in synch with the rainfall, but with a lag of three weeks.
So what tied the Irish residents' illnesses to the city's amount of rainfall? And what's the significance of the three-week lag?
History provided the answer. The Irish arrived as free but destitute, willing to do anything to earn even a small amount of money to survive. So to avoid risking the lives of slaves, who were worth a small fortune, employers hired the Irish immigrants for the most dangerous jobs—such as digging drainage canals to increase the amount of inhabitable land in New Orleans. They often labored for hours in standing water, prime breeding conditions for mosquitoes carrying yellow fever. The mosquitoes' breeding cycle could account for the three-week lag between the rain and the surge in hospital admissions.
Comparing admissions to rainfall for three consecutive years (1851 to 1853) corroborated my suspicions. In fact, a catastrophic yellow-fever epidemic decimated the Irish population in 1853. I wasn't surprised to learn the city received three times its normal rainfall that July, and hospital admissions soared in early August.
Of course, you don't necessarily have to chart rainfall totals or hospital admissions to reconstruct the scene of your own family's history. If you're looking at a set of records and notice a trend, try investigating online and in historical sources for clues to events that affected your family. Which leads us to our next technique …
5. Stay hot on the trail using social history.
Of course, written records reach back only so far—and when the document pool dries up, it's tough to trace your family's origins. But by looking at the available records collectively (as described before) and studying social history, you can glean clues to how long your ancestors had lived in an area, where they might have come from, when they arrived and what their lives were like.
My Ulmer ancestors lived in a small village in Alsace, an area of France, during the mid-1600s. Many Ulmers reside there today, so I was surprised to find only one Ulmer family—a father, mother and their six children—in the city of Sigolsheim at that time. Sigolsheim's parish registers start in 1664; earlier vital statistics weren't recorded. So birth years for villagers born before 1664 can be derived only from their ages and dates of death.
I thought this was the end of the road. But the village's birth and death records held two surprising clues. Based on the ages of the Ulmer mother, Anna, and her children, I realized Anna would've had her first child in her 30s—which I thought unusual for a farming community, where women would often marry in their early 20s and sometimes bear children until their early 50s (if they lived that long). Did she have any older offspring? I wondered. And if so, what happened to them?
I also observed curious demographics in Sigolsheim's overall population. The birth and death records indicated two distinct age groups: half were adults (parents), and half were about 20 years younger (their children). Hardly any residents' ages fell into the 20-year gap, and the town had very few elderly people. In essence, the city consisted almost entirely of young families.
I could think of only one reason for this: The people in the village had recently arrived together in a group, perhaps as a refugee party. To explain the absence of older children in that 20-year gap, I guessed the families had left their adult children behind. Assuming these missing children had been 18 or older, I estimated the people moved into the area in the early 1650s.
What was going on about that time? I researched European history and found out that in 1648, the Peace of Westphalia ended the Thirty Years' War in Germany and transferred Alsace to France. Advancing and retreating armies had left much of southwestern Germany in ruins. The devastation prompted residents to abandon wrecked villages for better opportunities elsewhere—so perhaps the Sigolsheim residents were part of that migration.
In researching the earliest Sigolsheim residents' surnames, including Ulmer, Saltzmann, Brodbacher and Nagler, I learned they were all common in southern Germany during the mid-17th century. Further, the villages where I found those names all sat on a path through southern Germany to Strasburg, where the party probably crossed the Rhine River into France.
So I've now started searching for my Ulmers in southern Germany. If I find them, I'll recognize them immediately, as I know names and approximate birth years for the parents and their six youngest children.
6. Confirm (or disprove) your suspicions with DNA.
With the growing popularity of genetic genealogy, science has become a bigger part of roots research than ever before. Thus far, genealogists have concentrated on finding genetic matches within specific surname groups—but that focus is beginning to change.
Online databases of Y-DNA test results, including Ysearch <www.ysearch.org>, Ybase <www.ybase.org> and the Sorenson Molecular Genealogy Foundation (SMGF) project <www.smgf.org>, are growing at a great rate, allowing genealogists to find matches they'd otherwise never have known about.
My brother Terry is a great example of how a database can successfully lead to a match with a different surname (or surnames). We've enrolled 75 Fitzpatricks in our study, but Terry hasn't matched anyone. With the 26-marker test Terry took, men typically must share at least 23 markers to be considered a "match"—and Terry's results are five mismatched markers away from the closest participant's.
When I entered Terry's Y-DNA values into Relative Genetics' Y-match database <www.relativegenetics.com> (available to registered users), I found a near match within the Scottish Clan study. The Web site didn't provide a name, so I contacted the study's administrator. She told me she maintains her own database of 1,100 Scottish descendants whose DNA test results are posted at Ysearch, Ybase and Relative Genetics' site. Using her Scottish database, I found more leads—including a 24/25 match to a Moffet and an exact match to a participant named Henry Logan.
Our most-distant known Fitzpatrick ancestor came to the United States in 1849 from County Louth in northeast Ireland, so those links to the Scottish study participants were a surprise—and they hint at a new possibility to investigate: Perhaps our Fitzpatricks originated in Scotland. By comparing Terry's results with other Scottish surname studies' participants, or including people with Scottish ancestry in our own study, we'll get a better idea whether we're headed in the right direction.
Remember tip 1, about looking beyond the obvious? It applies to genetic genealogy, too: When you start a DNA study, you'll probably focus on finding participants in obvious places; for instance, the US regions where immigrants of your ancestors' ethnicity settled, or their areas of origin. But as your DNA study grows, try looking for potential participants who live in "unconventional" locations—such as less-common immigrant destinations—to see if any interesting links turn up.
You can use history as your guide: For example, Irish researchers could look for family links in France (where some Irish Catholics relocated following the Protestant victory at the 1691 Siege of Limerick) or Argentina (a destination for an estimated 40,000 potato famine immigrants). Likewise, some Germans immigrated to South America. English—ancestored researchers could seek out genetic-genealogy leads in India, and Dutch descendants might try Taiwan, which the Netherlands occupied from 1641 to 1662. By expanding your search to include off-the-beaten-path locations, DNA can give you a larger picture of how your family fits into world history.
7. Follow genetic fingerprints to new theories.
Not only can history hint at genetic links, DNA can point to a previously unrecognized episode in your family's past. "Oddball" test results sometimes signal nonpaternity events (adoptions, name changes, illegitimacies), which can link you with unexpected people and places.
To illustrate this, let's go back to my Fitzpatrick study. Although the DNA profiles (haplotypes) in our study are relatively diverse, most participants match one another on 20 or so markers out of 26. This shows that we share a common background—it's just far back in the past. Three people don't fit that mold, however: They match the rest of the group on no more than seven markers.
Two of these three men—a Catholic priest from New Jersey and a retired engineer from New South Wales, Australia—match each other exactly. And they've traced their families back to two small towns only 10 miles apart on the west coast of Ireland. The American's Fitzpatrick family immigrated during the Great Famine; the Australian's Fitzpatrick ancestors went "down under" in the early 1900s. How could these men match each other exactly but be so different from the rest of the Fitzpatrick study group?
Our questioning has led to some interesting theories, developed from what we know about the history of western Ireland. One potential explanation is that the men descend from a Viking who made a pit stop on his way around coastal Ireland, leaving behind a genetic souvenir. Another possibility: The pair descends from a survivor of the Spanish Armada's 1588 wreck on the west coast of Ireland. As online databases grow to include a more diverse collection of haplotypes, we may well find more matches to these men. If they match an Erikson or a Peterson, we can further probe the first possibility. If they match a Lopez or Garcia, can explore the second theory. Or we may end up devising altogether new theories. But whatever we discover, they'll have a fascinating new chapter to add to their family sagas.
Evidence of a Connection
Genealogists are like scientists without the lab coats: Our lives revolve around research, and we don't accept assertions willy-nilly. In fact, family history generally follows the age-old "Scientific Method" you learned in grade school:
1. State the problem. The first step toward genealogical progress is determining which puzzle you want to solve: Great-grandma's maiden name? Great-grandpa's birth date? How many children they had?
2. Form a hypothesis. To focus your research, you'll need to make some educated guesses based on the facts you already know. Say Great-grandma and Great-grandpa's farm sits next to one occupied by Horatio and Hyacinth Hipperniggle. If your ancestors have a son named Horatio and a daughter named Hyacinth, you'd suspect a connection: Perhaps Great-grandma was born a Hipperniggle.
3. Test your theory. To investigate this hypothesis, you'd study all the records of Horatio Hipperniggle you can get your hands on to see if Great-grandma's mentioned anywhere.
4. Draw conclusions. Sure enough, Horatio and Great-grandma both appear in the will of Herman Hipperniggle, their father. This evidence supports your hypothesis.
5. Report your results. Now you can add Great-grandma's maiden name—as well as your newfound great-great-grandfather Hipperniggle-to your pedigree charts and genealogy software.
— Allison Stacy
Gram Crackers
Find tables of genetic marker values confusing (and who but the "CSI" crew doesn't)? When you're trying to make sense of DNA results for a surname study—or figure out where you fit in—a cladogram can help.
Cladograms (also called "phylogenetic trees") are akin to pedigree charts, but instead of illustrating generational relationships, they show genetic ones. Each open circle in a cladogram represents one (or more) participant's haplotype, or specific set of marker values. The more participants who share a haplotype, the bigger the circle. Links between circles indicate markers where the haplotypes mismatch; again, the more mismatched markers between two haplotypes, the longer the line between two circles.
For example, this cladogram of the Mumma surname study results shows how DNA distinguishes the three branches of this family according to the unique mutations they show. The top branch (L) represents relatives of Leonard, who came to the United States in 1751; the middle branch (P) shows participants linked to Peter, who arrived in 1748; and the bottom branch (J) denotes descendants of jacob, who immigrated in 1720. As new participants join the Mumma study, it's easy to assign each to his correct family branch based on which mutations he has.
You can download the free Network program used to create this cladogram from Fluxus Engineering <www.fluxus-engineering.com> Read the software's help file or see my book Forensic Genealogy (Rice Book Press) for instructions on creating your own cladogram.
Photos: Courtesy of Colleen Fitzpatrick. From the April 2006 Family Tree Magazine
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More Than A Million People Flew In The U.S. Yesterday, TSA Reports More than 1 million people went through checkpoints at U.S. airports on each of the past two days. That's down considerably from a year ago, but still an increase over typical pandemic travel levels.
Everything you need to know about the global pandemic
Millions Of People Flying Despite Public Health Pleas To Stay Put
December 20, 20208:56 PM ET
Crowds are seen at Washington's Reagan National Airport on Friday. More than a million people went through airport security each of the past two days, despite the coronavirus pandemic. Daniel Slim/AFP via Getty Images hide caption
Daniel Slim/AFP via Getty Images
Crowds are seen at Washington's Reagan National Airport on Friday. More than a million people went through airport security each of the past two days, despite the coronavirus pandemic.
More than 2 million people have passed through security checkpoints at U.S. airports over the last two days, according to statistics provided by the Transportation Security Administration. This is despite official guidance to stay home for the holidays as the coronavirus pandemic rages and the nation's death toll continues to rise.
On both Friday and Saturday, about 1.07 million travelers passed through TSA checkpoints, the agency reported. That's down nearly 60% from last year, but still much higher than the typical checkpoint statistics since the pandemic began.
More than 17 million cases of the virus have been reported in the U.S., and over 317,000 people have died, according to the Johns Hopkins Coronavirus Resource Center.
The TSA had expected passenger volume to increase during the end-of-year holiday travel season. In addition to the typical pandemic advice — keep six feet apart from others and wear a face mask — the agency advised arriving early to allow extra time to go through security. "COVID-19 has affected staffing and operations across the airport environment, so extra time will keep your stress level low," the agency said in a blog post Friday.
The TSA on Friday also reminded passengers that it has relaxed restrictions on how much hand sanitizer travelers can bring in their carry-on luggage — 12 ounces, up from the typical liquid max of 3.4 ounces.
But most Americans who travel for the holidays will do so by car. AAA projects the nation's roadways will be less crowded than last holiday season as many people stay home. The group said it expected at least 34 million fewer travelers compared to last year — a decline of 29%.
For those wishing to travel, the AAA cited recommendations from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Take a COVID-19 test a few days before travel, and another a few days after travel, while reducing nonessential activities.


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The NYT has broken the story that several Trump associates are under investigation by the FBI for their contacts with Russian intelligence and other officials during the 2016 presidential campaign. These contacts worried the FBI and other intelligence agencies, given that they were seeing Russian hacking of campaign accounts at the same time.
The links between Trump and his associates on the one hand and the Russian Federation on the other are both broad and intense.
Donald J. Trump did pursue Russian business deals in Russia in 2013 (despite his denials), but these never bore fruit. However, Trump subsequently partnered with businessmen from Russia or its 'near abroad,' bringing them into the New York real estate market. Some observers have wondered whether these deals allowed those individuals to engage in money laundering.
Trump's Secretary of State, Rex Tillerson, is actually a partner in a Russo-American oil firm, Exxon Naftegas, which is headquartered in an offshore tax haven in the Caribbean. Even just as ordinary everyday CEO of ExxonMobil, Tillerson did a $500 billion joint deal with Russia's Rosneft to extract oil from the arctic. That's evil no matter who he partners with. Also ironic, since such drilling is only made possible by the global warming caused by Tillerson's billions of tons of annual carbon dioxide emissions. It is an unvirtuous circle.
President Obama's sanctions on Russia rather interrupted the plans to drill the Russian arctic, and apparently Mike Flynn was sent to the Russian ambassador to the US to reassure him that those sanctions would be undone. Given that the price of petroleum has been halved in the past two years, Russia is desperate for new drilling, so it can make up some of the shortfall by new production. Moreover, both Tillerson and his Russian partners know that electric cars are coming fast and furious, and that the petroleum won't be worth much in 20 years. So they're eager to extract it and sell it while they still can.
$500 billion is a lot of money. People sometimes rob banks to get $10,000.
Wilbur Ross, Trump's pick for Commerce Secretary, has a joint venture (a bank in Cyprus) with Russian oligarch Viktor Vekselberg. Ross has announced that he will keep ownership of 11 assets overseas, opening him to foreign influence.
Paul Manafort has for a decade been close to pro-Russian businessmen and politicians in the Ukraine. Ironically, the two discussed by Politifact are both Muslims, presumably Crimean Tatars. Manafort, as a major figure in the Trump campaign, apparently did not let Jared Kushner know about the full extent of his Russian connections. He also is alleged to have used his position to introduce changes into the Republican Party platform that benefit Russia. Kushner forced Manafort out last summer.
So Mike Flynn calling the Russian ambassor to the US in late December and reassuring Moscow about sanctions being lifted looks much more likely to have been a joint effort by the Moscow Gang of Trump and associates than a one-off piece of dark comedy.


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text:
Brittany Leanna Robertson est une actrice américaine, née le  à Charlotte, en Caroline du Nord.

Elle est principalement connue grâce à ses rôles dans les séries télévisées , The Secret Circle, Under the Dome, Girlboss et For the People puis dans les films The First Time, Chemins croisés, À la poursuite de demain, Un monde entre nous et J'y crois encore.

Biographie
Brittany Robertson est la fille de Beverly Hayes et Ryan Robertson. Elle grandit à Greenville, en Caroline du Sud. Elle a six demi-frères et  demi-sœurs nés après la séparation de ses parents : deux filles et un garçon de sa mère et de son beau-père et une fille et deux garçons de son père et de sa belle-mère.

Débuts et révélation télévisuelle
Brittany Robertson joue pour la première fois devant un public alors qu'elle est encore enfant, interprétant de petits rôles au Greenville Little Theater. C'est en 2000, à l'âge de 10 ans, qu'elle apparaît pour la première fois à la télévision : elle prête ses traits à une version jeune de l'héroïne dans un épisode de la série Sheena, Reine de la Jungle.

À l'âge de 12 ans, elle voyage fréquemment à Los Angeles pour participer à des auditions et emménage dans la ville à 14 ans avec sa grand-mère paternelle, ses parents devant rester à Greenville pour s'occuper de ses jeunes demi-frères et sœurs. Son premier rôle important est celui de Michelle Seaver dans , téléfilm de 2004 dérivé de la série Quoi de neuf docteur ?. Quand elle a 16 ans, sa grand-mère retourne en Caroline du Nord et elle se retrouve seule à Los Angeles.

L'année 2007 marque un premier tournant. Elle s'extirpe des films et téléfilms pour adolescents en tenant un petit rôle dans la comédie dramatique Coup de foudre à Rhode Island, avec Steve Carell et Juliette Binoche, et apparaît dans un épisode de la série policière Les Experts. En 2008, elle joue le personnage principal dans , un film original de Lifetime basé sur un roman de Jodi Picoult, . Elle décroche aussi son premier rôle récurrent dans Swingtown, une série estivale, et apparaît dans un épisode de New York, unité spéciale. L'année suivante, elle fait une apparition dans New York, section criminelle et dans la série médicale Three Rivers, et décroche un rôle secondaire dans le drame indépendant choral Mother and Child, mené notamment par Samuel L. Jackson et Naomi Watts.

C'est la télévision qui lui permet d'accéder à la révélation : entre 2010 et 2011, elle incarne la jeune Lux Cassidy aux côtés de Shiri Appleby, Kristoffer Polaha et Kerr Smith dans la série dramatique Life Unexpected, diffusée sur la chaîne The CW. La première saison du programme est saluée par la critique, mais les audiences insuffisantes conduisent à son arrêt au terme de la seconde saison. La performance de la comédienne convainc néanmoins The CW de lui trouver un nouveau rôle et l'actrice revient dès la rentrée suivante à la tête de la distribution de la série The Secret Circle, avec Phoebe Tonkin et Shelley Hennig. Mais cette série fantastique s'arrête en 2012 au bout d'une unique saison, dans l'indifférence cette fois générale.

En 2013, elle incarne Angie McAlister dans la série fantastique Under the Dome, diffusée durant l'été sur CBS. Son personnage, supposé être récurrent, est finalement présent durant toute la première saison.

Progression au cinéma

À compter de ses 21 ans, Brittany Robertson commence à tourner assidûment pour le cinéma. Elle joue en 2011 dans la comédie dramatique  et fait partie de l'un des nombreux caméos d'actrices de séries télévisées qui apparaissent dans la séquence d'ouverture de la comédie horrifique Scream 4 de Wes Craven. En 2012, elle se fait surtout remarquer en jeune adolescente complexe, héroïne du drame indépendant The First Time, aux côtés d'un autre acteur révélé par la télévision, Dylan O'Brien. En 2013, elle joue un des multiples enfants de Vince Vaughn dans la comédie Delivery Man.

Elle enchaîne alors avec d'autres projets plus ambitieux. En 2014, elle partage quelques scènes du drame indépendant Cake avec Jennifer Aniston et obtient un rôle de tête d'affiche dans , qui lui vaut de recevoir un prix au festival du film de Boston et à celui de Nashville.

L'année suivante, elle est à l'affiche de Chemins croisés avec une autre valeur montante, Scott Eastwood. Réalisé par George Tillman Jr., il s'agit de l'adaptation cinématographique du roman Chemins croisés de l'écrivain Nicholas Sparks. Ce mélo post-adolescent reçoit toutefois de très mauvaises critiques.

Durant l'été sort le plus gros projet de sa carrière : le blockbuster de science-fiction familial À la poursuite de demain, écrit et réalisé par Brad Bird. Âgée de 25 ans, elle y incarne pourtant l'adolescente Casey Newton, amenée à découvrir un monde extraordinaire situé dans le futur. Elle y a pour partenaires George Clooney et Hugh Laurie. Le film est néanmoins une déception commerciale.

L'année 2016 est marquée par la sortie de deux autres projets cinématographiques. Dans un registre commercial, elle donne la réplique à un parterre de stars hollywoodiennes dont Jennifer Aniston et Julia Roberts dans la comédie romantique chorale Joyeuse fête des mères. Le film boucle la trilogie initiée par Garry Marshall avec Valentine's Day (2010) et Happy New Year (2011). Elle joue également au coté d'Eddie Murphy dans le drame Mr. Church de Bruce Beresford.

En 2017, on la retrouve dans le film de science-fiction romantique Un monde entre nous avec Asa Butterfield de Peter Chelsom et dans la comédie dramatique Mes vies de chien avec K.J. Apa de Lasse Hallström.

Puis en mai 2019, elle rejoint la distribution du film biographique, J'y crois encore (I Still Believe) d'Andrew et Jon Erwin pour interpréter le rôle de Melissa Camp, la femme de la star de la musique chrétienne, Jeremy Camp interprété par K.J. Apa. Elle est également aux côtés de Nathan Dean Parsons, Melissa Roxburgh, Shania Twain et Gary Sinise. Le film est sorti le  aux États-Unis et le 26 juin 2020 en France.

Le 30 juillet 2021, elle a été choisie pour jouer dans le film The Re-Education of Molly Singer réalisé par Andy Palmer aux côtés de Holland Roden, Cierra Ramirez, Nico Santos, Wendie Malick, Jaime Pressly et Ty Simpkins.

Retour à la télévision
En , Brittany Robertson est annoncée à la distribution principale de la série Girlboss pour interpréter Sophia Marlowe. Les treize épisodes de la première saison sont disponibles à compter du  sur Netflix, mais le , la plate-forme annonce l'annulation de la série.

En 2018, elle fait partie de la distribution principale de la série dramatique et judiciaire For the People, tenant le rôle de la jeune avocate Sandra Bell. La série, produite par Shonda Rhimes, diffusée entre le  et le  sur le réseau ABC.

Vie privée
De 2011 à 2018, elle a été en couple avec l'acteur Dylan O'Brien, rencontré sur le tournage de The First Time.

D'octobre à décembre 2018, elle a fréquenté l'acteur Graham Rogers.

Filmographie

Cinéma
 2003 : The Ghost Club de Ralph E. Portillo : Carrie
 2003 : One of Them de Ralph E. Portillo : Elizabeth jeune
 2004 : The Last Summer de Johnathan Landau : Beth
 2006 : Keeping Up with the Steins de Scott Marshall : Ashley Grunwald
 2007 : Coup de foudre à Rhode Island () de Peter Hedges: Cara
 2008 :  () de Phedon Papamichael : Claire
 2009 :  de Rodrigo García : Violet, la jeune aveugle
 2010 :  de Jeffrey Fine : Beth
 2010 :  de  : Chapin Wright
 2011 :  de Wes Craven : Marnie Cooper
 2011 :  de  : Kelly Burnett
 2012 :  de Jon Kasdan : Aubrey Miller
 2013 :  de  : Julie
 2013 :  de Ken Scott : Kristen
 2014 :  d' : Katie Kampenfelt
 2014 :  de Daniel Barnz : Becky
 2015 : Chemins croisés () de George Tillman Jr. : Sophia Danko
 2015 : À la poursuite de demain () de Brad Bird : Casey Newton
 2016 : Joyeuse fête des mères () de Garry Marshall : Kristin
 2016 :  de Bruce Beresford : Charlotte
 2017 : Un monde entre nous () de Peter Chelsom : Tulsa
 2017 : Mes vies de chien () de Lasse Hallström : Hannah
 2020 : J'y crois encore (I Still Believe) de Andrew et Jon Erwin : Melissa Henning
 2020 :  (A Mouthful of Air) de Amy Koppelman : Rachel Davis
 2022 : The Re-Education of Molly Singer de Andy Palmer : Molly

Télévision

Séries télévisées
 2000 : Sheena, Reine de la Jungle (Sheena) : Sheena petite (saison 1, épisode 6, La Grotte aux souvenirs)
 2001 : Power Rangers : La Force du temps () : Tammy (saison 1, épisode 11, Trip doute de lui)
 2005-2006 :  : Mandy (épisodes 3 et 19, Halloween et Freddie and the Hot Mom)
 2007 :  : Vivica (épisode pilote)
 2007 : Les Experts (CSI: Las Vegas) : Amy Macalino (saison 8, épisode 3, Une famille en enfer)
 2008 :  : Samantha Saxto (13 épisodes)
 2008 : New York, unité spéciale () : Tina Bernardi (saison 10, épisode 6, Le Pacte de grossesse)
 2009 : New York, section criminelle () : Kathy Devildis (saison 8, épisode 9, Que sa volonté soit faite)
 2009 :  : Brenda (épisode 3, La Peur de vivre)
 2010 - 2011 :  : Lux Cassidy (rôle principal, 26 épisodes)
 2011 - 2012 :  : Cassie Blake (rôle principal, 22 épisodes)
 2013 - 2014 :  : Angie McAlister (saisons 1 et 2, 15 épisodes)
 2016 :  : Fallon (saison 2, épisodes 5 à 7)
 2017 :  : Sophia Marlowe (rôle principal, 13 épisodes)
 2018-2019 : For the People : Sandra Bell (rôle principal - 20 épisodes)
 2022-présent : The Rookie: Feds : Laura Stensen  (rôle principal)

Téléfilms
 2004 : Tangled Up in Blue de Holly Goldberg Sloan : Tula
 2004 :  (Growing Pains: Return of the Seavers) de Joanna Kerns : Michelle Seaver
 2006 : Jesse Stone : Une ville trop tranquille () de Robert Harmon : Michelle Genest
 2006 : Women of a Certain Age d'Arlene Sanford : Doria
 2007 : Amours de vacances (Frank) de Douglas Cheney : Anna York
 2008 :  (The Tenth Circle) de Peter Markle : Trixie Stone
 2011 : Avalon High : Un amour légendaire (Avalon High) de Stuart Gillard : Allie Pennington

Voix francophones
En France, Camille Donda est la voix régulière de Britt Robertson. Rebecca Benhamour l'a également doublée à quatre reprises.

 En France

 Camille Donda dans :
 Swingtown (série télévisée)
 Three Rivers (série télévisée)
 Life Unexpected (série télévisée)
 Under the Dome (série télévisée)
 À la poursuite de demain
 Books of Blood
 Quand le destin s'en mêle
 The Rookie : Le Flic de Los Angeles (série télévisée)
 The Rookie: Feds (série télévisée)

 Rebecca Benhamour dans :
 Chemins croisés
 Un monde entre nous
 Mes vies de chien
 Big Sky (série télévisée)

 Marie Diot dans :
 The Secret Circle (série télévisée)
 Joyeuse fête des mères

 Et aussi
 Pauline Detraz dans Coup de foudre à Rhode Island
 Mélanie Dermont (Belgique) dans Avalon High : Un amour légendaire (téléfilm)
 Audrey Sablé dans Scream 4
 Sophie Frison (Belgique) dans The First Time
 Claire Tefnin (Belgique) dans Mr. Church
 Ludivine Deworst (Belgique) dans Girlboss (série télévisée)
 Victoria Grosbois dans For the People (série télévisée)
 Audrey d'Hulstère (Belgique) dans J'y crois encore

 Au Québec

Distinctions
Récompenses
 2014 : Boston Film Festival : Meilleure actrice dans un second rôle pour White Rabbit
 2014 : Nashville Film Festival : Gagnants des prix du concours narratif Bridgestone pour
 2015 : CinemaCon : Star de demain

Nominations
 2004 : Young Artist Awards : Meilleure performance dans un téléfilm, une minisérie ou une émission spéciale - Jeune actrice principale pour The Ghost Club
 2015 : 17e cérémonie des Teen Choice Awards :
 Meilleure actrice dans une série télévisée dramatique pour Chemins croisés ()
 Meilleure actrice dans une série télévisée de Science-fiction ou Fantastique pour À la poursuite de demain ()
 2016 : 18e cérémonie des Teen Choice Awards : Meilleure actrice dans un film AnTEENcipated pour Un monde entre nous ()

Notes et références

Liens externes

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The major change in BS7882:2017 is the introduction of the "relative measurement uncertainty interval", the range in which the expected error is likely to lie, calculated as the sum of the absolute relative deviation and the expanded uncertainty. Effectively the uncertainty interval encompasses all of a transducers reported errors and uncertainty of calibration, providing the user with a maximum error value of the calibrated device.
Accredited calibrations performed to BS7882:2017 also meet the requirements of BS EN ISO6789-2:2017 clause 4.3 and annex C 7.3 and BS EN ISO6789-1:2017 clause 6.1.
The minimum preload wait time is reduced from 60 seconds, to 30 seconds. ref clause 4.4.
The allowable variation in temperature throughout a measurement series has changed from ± 1°C to 1°C. ref clause 4.2.3.
j) the uncertainty of measurement for the calibration values given and the relative measurement uncertainty interval (see Annex B).
k) where the deflection is expressed in units other than those of torque, the degree of the equation determined and the coefficients obtained.
l) the maximum and minimum temperatures measured during the calibration.
m) where the calibration laboratory supplies the indicating devices, the uncertainty of measurement of the conditioning devices (including the display, energizing device and cables).
n) a statement that the results are an indication of the device performance on the date of calibration only.
o) a statement that subsequent overloading of, or damage to, the device might invalidate the classification.
p) a recommendation that the torque measuring device be recalibrated at periods not exceeding 24 months and whenever it suffers any damage or has been subject to any repair.
BS7882:2017 gives clear worked examples of calibrations in torque units (N·m) & mV/V, for both incremental only and incremental/decremental series of torques, and these can be used by users to validate their spreadsheets and software.


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Beyond mastering the substantive content in these fields of study and developing their own research agendas, students are expected to develop a strong understanding of the tools and approaches central to the scientific study of politics. The program requires students to complete 60 credits beyond the Bachelor of Arts or 48 credits beyond the Master of Arts.
The Political Science program at University of Nevada, Las Vegas seeks to prepare students for both academic and non-academic careers. The former includes academic positions at colleges and universities, and the latter includes employment with public, private, and non-profit organizations and institutions. It is expected that the students will complete the program in five to six years.
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Core-top (0-1cm) sediment data from monocores collected on the GEOTRACES EPZT (GP16; TN303) cruise.
On the TN303 cruise, attempts to collect mono-cores were made during the final deep cast of the ODF CTD rosette at each station except Station 18 at the EPR ridge-axis. Cores were stored upright and refrigerated before return to LDEO where each mono-core was split and analyzed non-destructively. One half core was then archived at LDEO and the other half made available for sampling. In Summer 2015, the sampling halves of each core were transported to WHOI for subsampling of core top material then returned to LDEO.
Approximately 5 g (wet-weight) of core top (0-1cm wet) material was extracted from each EPZT half-core with a stainless steel spatula, placed in a glass vial, dried at 60 degrees C overnight and then lightly homogenized with an agate pestle and mortar before being re-weighed.
Major elements were determined by fusing 10-20mg of dried sediment with Spectroflux and analyzed followed by ICP-ES analysis following the method of Ingamells (1970).
Total carbon and inorganic carbon concentrations was determined using a Perkin Elmer 2400 Elemental Analyzer and a UIC Coulometric Analyzer with Carbonate Module (Honjo et al., 1995). Organic carbon concentrations were calculated by difference between the total carbon and inorganic carbon concentrations.
Intercalibration: International Standard Used for Intercalibration: MAG 1. See the detailed analyses for accuracy and precision document (PDF).
- copied columns from metadata sheet (lat/lon, dates, times, etc.) to data sheet.
Station number; joined from BCO-DMO EPZT master event file.
Cast number; joined from BCO-DMO EPZT master event file.
Bottom depth; joined from BCO-DMO EPZT master event file.
CTD bottle firing depth; joined from BCO-DMO EPZT master event file.


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Establishing Connected Communities In A Post COVID-19 World
Establishing Connected Communities In A…
Home / Story Centre / Stories / Establishing Connected Communities In A Post COVID-19 World
By David Workman
This article has been submitted by David Workman, Divisional Director of Urban and Community Planning with EG. EG is the founder of the B.I.G. Foundation and developer of the Flour Mill of Summer Hill where the Little B.I.G. House is located. Without their support and access to this wonderful space, our work wouldn't be possible.
The COVID-19 pandemic has created widespread isolation throughout our communities. People are feeling increasingly disconnected from not only their physical surroundings but also their social ties. This has only been exacerbated by the looming uncertainty around job and financial security, continuous changes to restrictions and surprise cases emerging when we all least expected them.
However, one thing is for certain in these times: That nothing is certain. Many of us are looking for the light at the end of the pandemic tunnel, where some form of normalcy is restored. Many of us are also disillusioned to this beacon of hope, coming to terms with the new reality we find ourselves in presently.
Our collective resiliency as a nation is entering recovery mode, with the enduring Australian spirit guiding us through the challenges of the pandemic. The repeated blows dealt by the pandemic have been felt the hardest in our communities where our ability to live, work and socialise has been severely impacted. Our relationships and connections within our communities have been challenged during these trying times. As restrictions continue to ease, more than half of us think this will have a positive effect on our relationships.
According to the ABS, one in 11 people think that life will never return to normal. With this frightening insight into the new Australian mindset, one space where we need to focus on to secure strong economic and social recovery is at our communities and their citizens.
Citizens as local experts for guidance on fostering a modern day community
As Australian cities look towards economic recovery in the new post COVID-19 world, it is now more important than ever to recognise the important role that strong and resilient communities play in driving growth and connectedness. These are the backbone of our economy and social frameworks. A highly functioning community with involved and committed members is one that that will drive growth.
These types of community tend to thrive more in 'people-first places', where it is less about what is built and more about what the community can be and will become in the future. These places go beyond green belts and access to transport to consider the broader wellbeing of a community. Social cohesion, promotion of healthy lifestyles and addressing digital needs are strongly taken into account and considered throughout the planning process.
This development ideology is well and truly embedded throughout EG's 'Build In Good' (B.I.G) development philosophy. These developments create a new category in residential living focused on social impact. People-first locations with a community spirit, spaces to meet and relax, multiple housing options for long-term living and a technology-led environment that enables convenience and connection are all at the heart of these B.I.G developments.
The Flour Mill at Summer Hill, a real-life example of this B.I.G philosophy brought to life, is quickly becoming a thriving community with the guiding vision to build a neighbourhood that was caring and inclusive, an environment that ensured connectivity, fostered physical, mental, and emotional health and wellbeing. Well connected by heavy and light rail, boasting community gardens, public park with an established tree canopy, this is a people-first place that champions and reflects the needs of the community that inhabit it. It's popular fortnightly Flour Mill Markets were recently named among the best in the Inner West.
Social planning and community empowerment
So how can developers work towards futureproofing our built communities so they can grow in our new post COVID-19 reality? It begins and ends with the people that make these new communities. Drawing upon their knowledge, experiences and expertise as locals for guidance. This starts with extensive community consultation, to fully understand the real needs that impact citizens in their day to day lives. This consultation process and continued community engagement (with existing and incoming residents) helped ensure that the development at the Flour Mill delivered on the promise of building a home which honored the footprint and history of the building and industry that came before them.
Going back to the basics of community and social planning is key, especially as we navigate our way through these trying and uncertain times. Co-creation between key community members and developers should be heavily encouraged and supported throughout the planning process. This close collaboration allows communities to voice their needs from the outset and promotes a healthy working relationship with the developers crafting the physical components of the planned community. The co-creation process indirectly also further establishes these burgeoning communal connections that will continue to thrive and prosper well after the ribbon cutting ceremony. Staying to foster neighbourly connection is what distinguishes a development from a community.
Creating a connected community begins with the intentional decisions we make in our day-to-day relationships. Connection is the foundation on which we build everything else. And as we build this connected life, we make it possible to build a more connected world, where we create neighbourhoods and workplaces that support and connect us all.
Now more than ever before, our connections have been tested thanks to the pandemic. It is now time to focus our energy and efforts into forming strong communal ties, that will outlast the most trying of times. As activist Wael Ghonim once said, "The power of the people is much stronger than the people in power". For me, these words have never run truer than in our new reality as we all look to recovering and healing, together.
"It is now time to focus our energy and efforts into forming strong communal ties, that will outlast the most trying of times."
― David Workman
Tags: build in good movementcommunity building
Meet Little B.I.G. Host, Alba
Meet Little B.I.G. Hosts, Suzanne & Val
Meet Little B.I.G. Host, Deanna


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openSecurity
Ethnicised justice and dealing with the past in ex-Yugoslavia
There was much hope in the international community that the Hague war-crimes tribunal on former Yugoslavia, allied to domestic proceedings, could point the region to a reconciled future. It was not to be.
Katarina Ristic
Struggling to uphold human dignity: bas-relief on the wall of the tribunal in The Hague. Flickr / keeps. Some rights reserved.
After 12 years in prison, one of the most notorious radical nationalists in Serbia, Vojislav Šešelj, returned from Scheveningen in November under somewhat mysterious circumstances. Neither acquitted nor sentenced, he was released due to his medical condition, pending the judgment of the Trial Chamber of the International Criminal Tribunal on former Yugoslavia (ICTY).
Straight from the prison, the leader of the Serbian Radical Party went to its premises in Belgrade and addressed his supporters: "Brother Serbs and sister Serbs! They threw me out of Scheveningen prison. I didn't ask for it—they just wanted to get rid of me. I promised you that I will destroy the Hague tribunal. The battle took a little bit longer than I expected, but I won!"
His words were cheered, as if the troubled history of the ICTY had come to a close with the accused celebrating victory over the discredited institution. Not everyone would agree but for most Serbs Šešelj's release confirmed an already persistent belief that the ICTY was a mockery of justice, a political court determined on putting Serbs on trial with hardly any evidence.
Serial disappointments
From the very beginning, the ICTY was accompanied by failure: only two years after it was established in May 1993, hopes of a deterrent effect were dashed when the most gruesome crimes in Bosnia were committed. Serial disappointments followed: inability to capture accused figures, to conclude proceedings in a timely manner and to counter nationalist attacks sustained negative perceptions of the tribunal.
It failed to conclude effectively some of the most prominent cases—from Slobodan Milošević (former president of Serbia), to Jovica Stanišić (former head of the state security service) to Vojislav Šešelj. Additionally, dramatic reversals in the Appeals Chamber, as in the cases of Ante Gotovina (a former lieutenant general in Croatia) and Momčilo Perišić (former chief of the general staff of the Yugoslav army), pummelled the institution's already low standing.
Serbia has been the site of strongest anti-Hague sentiment, bitterly resisting political co-operation and justice from that quarter. The tribunal is presented in Serbia as the judicial arm of NATO, delegitimised as a victor's court and demonised as offering 'justice' only for military enemies of Serbia.
With hardly any political support and strong resistance from various social actors—from legal professionals and academics to politicians and media—this consensus against the institution, its 'unreasonable' indictments and its 'unjust' trials has grown year by year, from the extradition of Milošević to the arrests of the Bosnian Serb political and military leaders, Radovan Karadžic and Ratko Mladić respectively. The ICTY was presented as a "court of inquisition",[1] its sole goal to judge Serbian 'patriots'—accusing Serbs, as one journalist put it, "only because they are Serbs".[2] The long-time ICTY chief prosecutor, Carla del Ponte, counted for years as one of the most hated persons in Serbia.
Neither the trials of other nationals nor indeed their victims were presented in the media. Instead, press articles were filled with denials of atrocities and the minimisation of crimes, refusing any responsibility on the part of Serb forces and constantly evoking Serbian victimhood.
Domestic trials
Hopes that domestic legal procedures could overcome these obstacles and provide less controversial justice did not long survive. Legal proceedings in front of the specialised War Crimes Chamber of the Belgrade District Court and a war crime prosecutor's office, established in 2003, quickly showed that diffident political support and moderate acceptance were not enough to change attitudes towards war-crime trials.
The first cases provided initial encouragement, enabling formulation of a different 'patriotic' discourse about war-crime trials in Serbia, articulated by those involved in the legal process and their few political allies. If reticently, they introduced to public speech individual victims of other nations, the tragic story of the 1995 Srebrenica genocide in Bosnia and the moral foundations of dealing with past crimes.
This moderate patriotism was limited by some of the topoi it shared with nationalist discourse: representation of the 'Serbian people' as the ultimate victims, the presentation of Bosnia as a 'civil war' and the suggestion that 'all sides' bore equal responsibility. And so prosecution was never extended beyond direct perpetrators towards higher ranking officers, whose arraignment remained unimaginable.
Serbia has been the site of strongest anti-Hague sentiment, bitterly resisting political co-operation and justice from that quarter.
Nevertheless, these domestic vehicles did have slightly more political support than the Hague trials: besides human-rights NGOs, they were supported by the Democratic Party and generally in 2008-12 radical-nationalist rhetoric was replaced by moderate, accommodating language. This was a time when the public could hear from the highest institutions about crimes committed by Serbian forces, when victims were individually named and even some moral responsibility was acknowledged.
The media, like the institutions, responded to this change in their public presentation of crimes but didn't dare cross boundaries set by the political elite. For example, the mainstream media did not bother following the story which led from the uncovering of mass graves of ethnic Albanians in Batajnica, near Belgrade, to its judicial conclusion years later in convictions of Serbian police officers in the Suva Reka trial. Neither did they search out survivors or victims' relatives to describe the 1999 crime, in which grenades were thrown into a locked pizzeria in the southern Kosovo town, leaving 50 dead. And they failed to connect this trial with proceedings in the ICTY, which might have shed more light on the command chain in the Kosovo case.
A combination of media uninterest, lack of investigative journalism and the notion that Serbia had already undergone a catharsis additionally obscured war-crime trials from the public. Only in some media (notably the daily Danas, Vreme and several online portals, like E-novine and Pescanik) have journalists tried to provide trials with context, give voice to the victims and query the wider responsibility of broader social milieux. Otherwise, war-crime trials are covered only marginally, with short, impersonal and unemotional language, which allows complete dissociation from the victims.
The media continue to divide trials according to 'us' and 'them'. If Serbs are on trial, they are careful to frame the whole case from the accused perspective, providing the public with rationalisations, blatant lies or conspiracy theories to mitigate charges. In the few legal cases where Serbs are victims, by contrast, the media are quick to provide emotional depictions of crimes, to investigate and to demand justice. Such cases are presented through the victims' eyes, dominated by their needs, stimulating strong identification and moral condemnation.
Croatia and Bosnia
Serbia is however not alone in this regard. Other Yugoslav successor states have seen a similar incorporation of trials into the nationalist narratives which emerged during the wars, so that a reassuringly stable national identity, rather than troubling self-reflection, dominates the post-conflict societies.
Mainstream Croatian media have engaged in the glorification of battles, with stories of Croatian heroes and brave defenders, rejecting claims of crimes by Croatian forces as impossible and offensive. Questioning of the ICTY prosecution for not charging Milošević for the war of aggression and genocide was matched by strong condemnation of those who addressed the responsibilities of Croatian officers.
The acquittal of Gotovina by the Appeals Chamber, after he had been sentenced to 24 years, reassured anyone who might have doubts about crimes committed in Operation Storm—when Serbs were driven out of the Krajina in Croatia—by confirming the nationalist narrative of a defensive war. As in Serbia, despite the years of rejection and anger over the ICTY trials, journalists now tend to believe they have faced any crimes committed by Croat forces, not only in the recent war but also in the second world war.[3]
Building strongly on victims' stories, mainly supported by ICTY charges and judgments, Bosnia transformed war-crime trials directly into the nationalist narrative—departing only when the ICTY accused 'Bosniaks' (Bosnian Muslims) themselves. In the latter cases, the frequency of acquittals confirmed the general impression that Bosniaks were not guilty of war crimes, while the number of genocide verdicts against Republika Srpska officers confirmed Bosniak victimisation, particularly vis-à-vis the brutal executions of civilians in eastern Bosnia.
The ICTY also created a hierarchy among victims by privileging those at Srebrenica, adding to competing victimhood narratives within Bosnia and inspiring other groups to request recognition of genocide elsewhere from 1992. In the media, war-crime trials are presented through the victims' frame: articles are often written by the survivors and denials by the accused are directly confronted with survivors' memories. Trial testimonies are included at length in the articles, with individual, emotional and detailed depictions.
Divided histories
With such strong discrepancies in interpretation, the region presents a picture of divided histories, with ICTY trials instrumentalised for self-victimisation and to confirm prior nationalist narratives against ICTY claims. In none of the three new states have the charges or verdicts been used for critical evaluation of responsibility towards victims.
One of the eminent researchers of Holocaust memory in Germany recently observed how rare, globally, self-reflective memory can be—and how national memory easily slips back into self-congratulatory narratives, even vis-à-vis the Holocaust.[4] War-crime trials in former Yugoslavia have hardly had a chance to provoke debate. Instead they have produced revolt, bitterness and new grievances—adding further to the nationalist repertoire to be used in peacetime.
Public hatred and threats to life have been visited on those who have dared support war-crime trials and confront dominant nationalisms. Victims of other ethnicities rarely enter the public sphere: as Serbian victims were wiped out from the victorious memory in Croatia, so is that of Bosniak or Croat victims absent from public discourse in Serbia. Even the dominant victims' narrative in Bosnia has not succeeded in creating more space for the victims of other groups.
Self-reflective memory is elusive, not easily achieved even in stable democracies with effective rule of law. That war-crime trials failed to trigger reflective memory in post-conflict societies might surprise only those unaware of the ease with which even model democracies manage to avoid it.
[1] 'Amfilohije Radović', Vreme, 29 March 2001.
[2] 'Srbi krivi što su Srbi', Večernji novosti, 7 April 2008.
[3] Ines Sabalic, 'Smrt Haškog suda', Globus, 18 November 2014.
[4] W. Kansteiner, presentation at the fourth annual conference of the Dialogues on Historical Justice and Memory Network, Lund, 6 December 2014.
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Age 7 and up: half-hour individual lesson (45 minutes for the most advanced students) and a one-hour Music Theory (Formation Musicale) class.
The American Conservatory's music theory classes, Formation Musicale, are exceptional. Our students achieve an excellent level of note and rhythmic reading while progressing at sight-reading. In the Classical Musical section we require five years of music theory classes, which is the equivalent to the French conservatory's "Premier Cycle".
The American Conservatory provides varied opportunities to perform: we believe that the earlier the child begins performing, the greater his/her confidence will be.
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