text:
Бірінджі Алибейлі () — село в Зангеланському районі Азербайджану.

Село розміщене на правому березі річки Акарі, за 79 км на південь від міста Бердзора. До складу сільради входять також сусідні села Крмен та Амірян.

В селі діє парникове господарство. Раніше в селі виникали випадки з недостатком сільськогосподарської техніки для збору врожаю, проте в 2008 році цю проблему було вирішено.

26 жовтня 2020 село було звільнене Національною армією Азербайджану внаслідок Другої Карабаської війни.

Примітки

Села Азербайджану
Зангеланський район

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Flight QR610 called for boarding approximately 50 minutes prior to departure time. Passenger were bused once again to the departing A/C, it was A7-BAG again. You get to hear the nice GE90 engine starting sound during push back, it is loud but nice!
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A company A320 taxiing , with Premium Terminal behind.
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text:
\section{Introduction}
Cosmological inflation
\cite{lrreview} has become the dominant paradigm to
understand the initial conditions for the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) anisotropies
and structure formation.
This picture has recently received further   spectacular confirmation
by the  Wilkinson Microwave
Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) five year set of data \cite{wmap5}.
Present \cite{wmap5} and future \cite{planck} experiments
may be sensitive to the non-linearities of the cosmological
perturbations at the level of second- or higher-order perturbation theory.
The detection of these non-linearities through the  non-Gaussianity
(NG) in the CMB \cite{review} has become one of the primary experimental targets.

A possible source of NG could be primordial in
origin, being specific to a particular mechanism for the generation of the cosmological perturbations. This is what
makes a positive detection of NG so
relevant: it might help in discriminating among competing scenarios which otherwise might be undistinguishable. Indeed,
various models of inflation, firmly rooted in modern
particle physics theory,   predict a significant amount of primordial
NG generated either during or immediately after inflation when the
comoving curvature perturbation becomes constant on super-horizon scales
\cite{review}. While single-field  \cite{noi}
and two(multi)-field \cite{two} models of inflation generically predict a tiny level of NG,
`curvaton-type models',  in which
a  significant contribution to the curvature perturbation is generated after
the end of slow-roll inflation by the perturbation in a field which has
a negligible effect on inflation, may predict a high level of NG \cite{luw,ngcurv}.
Alternatives to the curvaton model are those models
characterized by the curvature perturbation being
generated by an inhomogeneity in
the decay rate \cite{hk,varcoupling} or
  the mass   \cite{varmass} or
of the particles responsible for the reheating after inflation.
Other opportunities for generating the curvature perturbation occur
 at the end of inflation \cite{endinflation} and  during
preheating \cite{preheating}.
All these models generate a level of NG which is local as the NG part of the primordial curvature
perturbation is a local function of the Gaussian part, being generated on superhorizon scales.
In momentum space, the three point function, or bispectrum, arising from the local NG is dominated by the
so-called ``squeezed'' configuration, where one of the momenta is much smaller than the other two and it is parametrized by
the non-linearity parameter $f_{\rm NL}^{\rm loc}$. Other models, such as DBI inflation
\cite{DBI} and ghost inflation \cite{ghost}, predict a different kind of primordial
NG, called ``equilateral'', because the three-point function for this kind of NG is peaked on equilateral configurations,
in which the lenghts
of the three wavevectors forming a triangle in Fourier
space are equal \cite{Shapes}. The equilateral NG is parametrized by an amplitude $f_{\rm NL}^{\rm equil}$~\cite{CN}. Present limits
on NG are summarized by $-9<f^{\rm loc}_{\rm NL}<111$ and   $-151<f^{\rm equil}_{\rm NL}<253$ at 95\% CL \cite{wmap5,Curto}.

On the other hand there exist many sources of NG in the CMB anisotropies beyond the primordial ones, which are essential
to characterize in order to distinguish them from a possible primordial signal.
One should account for the  so-called  secondary anisotropies,
which arise  after the last scattering epoch.
For example,
cross-correlations SZ-lensing and ISW-lensing~\cite{GoldSperg,komatsuspergel} produce a bias in the
estimate of NG which is at the level of the expected estimator
variance at Planck angular resolution \cite{SerraCooray}. Analogous conclusions have been reached
in Ref.~\cite{BabichPierpaoli} for the
cross correlations of density and lensing magnification of radio and SZ
point sources with the ISW effect. Furthermore, the impact of cosmological parameters' uncertainties on estimates of the primordial NG
parameter in local and equilateral models of NG has been recently studied in \cite{liguoririotto}.

There exists  another relevant source of NG: the non-linear effects operating at
the recombination epoch. The dynamics at recombination is quite involved because
all the non-linearities in the evolution of the baryon-photon fluid at recombination and  the ones
coming from general relativity should be accounted for. The first steps in describing the physics at recombination at second-order
in perturbation theory were taken in \cite{CMB2I,CMB2II} (see also Ref.~\cite{Crec,fr}), where
the full system of Boltzmann equations at second-order describing the evolution of the photon, baryon and cold dark matter fluids were obtained (see also
Ref.~\cite{P})
These equations allow to follow the time evolution of the CMB anisotropies at second-order at all angular
scales from the early epoch, when the cosmological perturbations were generated, to the present through the recombination era.
Such a contribution is so relevant because it
represents a major part of the second-order radiation transfer function which must be determined in order to have a
complete control of both the primordial and non-primordial part of NG in the CMB anisotropies and to gain from the theoretical side
the same level of precision that could be reached experimentally in the near future~\cite{review}.

The NG generated at the surface of last scattering comprises various effects, as described in details in Ref.~\cite{CMB2II}
(for some specific effects see also~\cite{Crec,Wand}).
It turns out that the dominant contribution comes from the non-linear evolution of the second-order gravitational potential
which grows in time on small scales. Since this effect is a causal one, developing on small scales, we expect that the NG it generates
will be of the equilateral type, rather than of local type. As we will see our results confirm such an expectation.
Therefore, a reasonable
question is to which extent the NG from recombination alters the possibile detection of the primordial NG of the equilateral type.
The goal of this paper is to  estimate in a semi-analytical way the contribution to NG from recombination. Along the same lines of
Ref.~\cite{BZ},
we adopt a simple analytical  model to parametrize the transfer functions and test its goodness in Section 2 by evaluating the minimum value
of equilateral NG detectable by the Planck experiment for which  there exist numerical calculations \cite{SZ}.
As a by-product of our
results, we find that the signal-to-noise ratio for a primordial equilateral bispectrum scales as the
square root of the maximum multipole $\ell_{\rm max}$
probed by an experiment, unlike the well known scaling as $\ell_{\rm max}$ for the local case.
In Section 3 we compute the bispectrum of the NG generated by the evolution of the second-order gravitational potentials, and in
Section 4 we provide an estimate
of the NG from recombination showing that it corresponds to a degradation in the
measurement of an equilateral primordial bispectrum
of $\Delta f^{\rm equil}_{\rm NL}= {\cal O}(10)$, shifting the minimum detectable value from $f^{\rm equil}_{\rm NL}\simeq 67$ to
$f^{\rm equil}_{\rm NL}\simeq 79$ for an experiment like {\it Planck}.

\section{Signal-to-Noise ratio for the primordial equilateral bispectrum}
In this Section we wish to recover the estimate for the signal-to-noise ratio $(S/N)$ given in  Ref.~\cite{SZ} for the
primordial bispectra of ``equilateral'' type~\cite{CN} by adopting a simple model. In other words,  we test the goodness
of the semi-analytical model we will be using in the next Section to   estimate the bispectrum from the recombination era.

Our starting point is the primordial equilateral bispectrum~\cite{CN}
\be
\label{equil}
\langle \Phi({\bf k}_1) \Phi({\bf k}_2) \Phi({\bf k}_3) \rangle = (2 \pi)^3 \delta^{(3)}
\big({\bf k}_1 + {\bf k}_2 + {\bf k}_3 \big)
B_{\rm equil}( k_1,  k_2 ,  k_3) \, ,
\ee
where
\be
\label{eq:ours}
B_{\rm equil}(k_1,k_2,k_3) = f_{\rm NL}^{\rm equil} \cdot 6
 A^2 \cdot \left(-\frac1{k_1^3 k_2^3} -
\frac1{k_1^3 k_3^3} - \frac1{k_2^3 k_3^3}  - \frac2{k_1^2 k_2^2 k_3^2} + \frac1{k_1 k_2^2 k_3^3}
+ (5 \; {\rm perm.}) \right)\, ,
\ee
and  the permutations act only on the last term in parentheses. The parameter $f_{\rm NL}^{\rm equil}$ quantifies the level of NG while
$A=17.46 \times 10^{-9}$
is the amplitude of the  primordial gravitional potential
power spectrum computed at first-order

\be
\langle \Phi^{(1)}({\bf k}_1) \Phi^{(1)}({\bf k}_2) \rangle = (2 \pi)^3 \delta^{(3)}
\big({\bf k}_1 + {\bf k}_2 \big) P(k_1)\, ,
\ee
with $P(k)=A/k^3$. Since the signal-to-noise ratio $(S/N)$ will be some function of the maximum multipole a given
experiment can reach, $\ell_{\rm max}\gg 1$, we can use the flat-sky approximation ~\cite{BZ,Hulensing} and write
for the bispectrum

\be
\langle a(\vec{\ell}_1)a(\vec{\ell}_2)a(\vec{\ell}_3) \rangle
   = (2\pi)^2\delta^{(2)}(\vec{\ell}_{123}) B(\ell_1,\ell_2,\ell_3)\, ,
\ee
where $\vec{\ell}_{123}=\vec{\ell}_1+\vec{\ell}_2+\vec{\ell}_3$,
with~\cite{Shapes}
\begin{equation}
\label{bispectflat}
B_{\rm equil}(\ell_1,\ell_2,\ell_3) = \frac{(\tau_0 - \tau_r)^2}{(2\pi)^2} \int
dk^z_1dk^z_2dk^z_3 \delta^{(1)}(k^z_{123}) B_{\rm equil}(k'_1,k'_2,k'_3)
\tilde{\Delta}^T(\ell_1,k^z_1) \tilde{\Delta}^T(\ell_2,k^z_2) \tilde{\Delta}^T(\ell_3,k^z_3)\, ,
\end{equation}
where $k'$ means $k$ evaluated such that $\vec{k}^{\parallel} = \vec{\ell}/(\tau_0-\tau_r)$ and
   \begin{equation}
        \tilde{\Delta}^T(\ell,k^z) = \int_0^{\tau_0} \frac{d\tau}{(\tau_0-\tau)^2}
          S(\sqrt{(k^z)^2 + \ell^2/(\tau_0-\tau)^2},\tau)
          e^{ik^z(\tau_r-\tau)} \, ,
   \end{equation}
is the radiation transfer function defined by the CMB source function $S(k,\tau)$. In this notation, $\tau_0$ and $\tau_r$  represent the
present-day and the recombination conformal time, respectively and $k^z$ and $\vec{k}^{\parallel}$ are the momentum components
perpendicular and parallel respectively to the plane orthogonal to the line-of-sight.

The $(S/N)$ ratio in the flat-sky formalism is~\cite{BZ,Hulensing}

\begin{equation}
\label{S/N}
\left( \frac{S}{N} \right)^2=
\frac{f_{\rm sky}}{\pi} \frac{1}{(2 \pi)^2} \int d^2 \ell_1 d^2 \ell_2  d^2 \ell_3
\,\delta^{(2)}(\vec{\ell}_{123})\,
\frac{B_{\rm equil}^2(\ell_1,\ell_2,\ell_3)}{6\, C(\ell_1)\,C(\ell_2)\, C(\ell_3)}\, ,
\end{equation}
where $f_{\rm sky}$ stands for  the portion of the observed sky.
In order to compute the bispectrum $B_{\rm equil}(\ell_1,\ell_2,\ell_3)$
and the power spectrum $C(\ell)$ we adopt the following model
\be
\label{toymodel}
a({\vec \ell})= \int \frac{d k^z}{2\pi} e^{ik^z(\tau_0-\tau_r)} \Phi({\bf k}') \tilde{\Delta}^T(\ell,k^z)
\ee
where we mimic the effects of the transfer function on small scales as

\be
\tilde{\Delta}^T(\ell,k^z)=a\,(\tau_0-\tau_r)^{-2}  e^{-1/2(\ell/\ell_*)^{1.2}}
e^{-1/2(|k_z|/ k_*)^{1.2}}\, ,
\ee
{\it i.e.} a simple exponential and a normalization
coefficent $a$ to be
determined to match the amplitude of the angular power spectrum at the characteristic scale
$\ell \simeq \ell_*=k_* (\tau_0-\tau_r)$.\footnote{We could equally choose a transfer function as
$\tilde{\Delta}^T(\ell,k^z)=a\, (\tau_0-\tau_r)^{-2}\,e^{-1/2(\ell/\ell_*)^{1.2}}  \theta(k_*-|k^z|)$, the relevant approximation
being that the integral over $k^z$ is cut at the
scale $k_*$.} It is important to make clear what are the reasons underlying the choice of such a
model. When computing the $(S/N)$, Eq.~(\ref{toymodel}) with $\ell_*=k_*(\tau_0-\tau_r)\simeq750$ and $a\simeq 3$
is able to account for the combined effects of ``radiation driving'',
which occours at $\ell>\ell_{\rm eq}\simeq 160$ and boosts the angular power spectrum with respect to the Sachs-Wolfe plateau,
and the effects of
Silk damping which tend to suppress the CMB anisotropies for scales $\ell>\ell_D\simeq 1300$. The combination of these
effects produces a decrease in the angular power spectrum from a scale $\ell_*\simeq 750$.\footnote{
The choice of the exponent $1.2$ derives from the study of the diffusion damping envelope in Ref. ~\cite{HuWhite}.}
The power spectrum in
the flat-sky approximation is given
by  $\langle a(\vec{l}_1)a(\vec{l}_2) \rangle
   = (2\pi)^2\delta^{(2)}(\vec{l}_{12}) C(\ell_1)$ with
\be
C(\ell)=\frac{(\tau_0-\tau_r)^2}{(2 \pi)} \int dk^z |\tilde{\Delta}^T(\ell,k^z)|^2\, P(k)\, .
\ee
The exponential of the transfer function for Eq.~(\ref{toymodel}) allows to cut off the integral for $k\simeq k_*$ and one finds
(see also Ref.~\cite{BZ})
\be
\label{Cl}
C(\ell)=a^2 \frac{A}{\pi \ell^2} \frac{e^{-(\ell/\ell_*)^{1.2}}}{\sqrt{1+\ell^2/\ell_*^2}}\simeq a^2 \frac{A}{\pi}\frac{\ell_*}{\ell^3}\,
e^{-(\ell/\ell_*)^{1.2}}\, ,
\ee
where the last equality holds for $\ell\gg\ell_*$.
To compute the bispectrum we proceed in a similar way. One first uses the Dirac deltas,
$\delta^{(1)}(k^z_{123})$ and $\delta^{(2)}(\vec{\ell}_{123})$. Then it
proves to be useful the change of
variable $k^z_1=x_1 \ell_1/(\tau_0-\tau_r)$, $k^z_2=x_2 \ell_2/(\tau_0-\tau_r)$.
In this way the transfer functions become $ \tilde{\Delta}^T(\ell_i,k_i^z)\propto
e^{-1/2(|x_i| \ell_i/\ell_*)^{1.2}}$ which allows to cut the integrals over $x_i$ ($i=1,2$) at $\ell_*/\ell_i$. Now, as a good approximation to see the effects of the transfer functions, we can take $\ell \gg \ell_*$ and thus the integral over $x_i$ can be easily computed by just evaluating the integrand
in $x_i=0$ times $4(\ell_*/\ell_1)(\ell_*/\ell_2) $.
With this approximation the integral in $k^z_i$ is easily obtained and we get for the bispectrum
\begin{eqnarray}
\label{Bapprox}
B_{\rm equil}(\ell_1,\ell_2,\ell_3)&=& \frac{24 f_1}{(2 \pi)^2}\, f^{\rm equil}_{\rm NL} a^3\, A^2\,
e^{-(\ell_1^{1.2}+\ell_2^{1.2}+\ell_3^{1.2})/2\ell^{1.2}_*}\,
\ell_*^2 \nonumber\\
&\times&  \left(-\frac1{\ell_1^3 \ell_2^3} -
\frac1{\ell_1^3 \ell_3^3} - \frac1{\ell_2^3 \ell_3^3}  - \frac2{\ell_1^2 \ell_2^2 \ell_3^2} + \frac1{\ell_1 \ell_2^2 \ell_3^3}
+ (5 \; {\rm perm.}) \right)\, ,
\end{eqnarray}
where
\be
\label{l3}
\ell_3^2=\ell_1^2+\ell_2^2+2\,\vec{\ell}_1\cdot\vec{\ell}_2\, .
\ee
The coefficient $f_1\simeq 1/1.4=0.7$ is a fudge factor that improves the matching between our approximation for the bispectrum
and numerical results that have been consistenly checked. Notice that, according to our approximation, the equilateral structure of
Eq.~(\ref{eq:ours}) is preserved in $\ell$ space.\footnote{The expression~(\ref{Bapprox}) can be also written as
\newline
$B_{\rm equil}(\ell_1,\ell_2,\ell_3)=  (2 \pi)^{-2} 48 f_1\, f^{\rm equil}_{\rm NL} \,
a^3\,A^2\,  \ell_*^2 e^{-(\ell_1^{1.2}+\ell_2^{1.2}+\ell_3^{1.2})/2\ell^{1.2}_*}\,(1+\cos\theta) (\ell_1+\ell_2-\ell_3)/
\ell_1^2 \ell_2^2\ell_3^3$, $\theta$ being the angle between ${\vec \ell}_1$ and ${\vec \ell}_2$.}
In computing the signal-to-noise ratio, consistency with our approximation~(\ref{Bapprox}) requires that we integrate over
$\ell_1,\ell_2$ starting from a minimum $\ell_{\rm min} > \ell_*$ up to $\ell_{\rm max}$ and paying attention to the fact that even $\ell_3$ in
Eq. (\ref{l3}) must be larger than $\ell_{\rm min}$.  The scaling with $\ell_{\rm max}$ with
respect to the case of a local type bispectrum turns out to be much milder.
While for the local type $(S/N)^2 \propto \ell_{\rm max}^2$ \cite{BZ},
 for the equilateral
bispectrum~(\ref{equil}) we find\footnote{
These scalings can be
easily understood by analyzing the expressions $(S/N)^2$ for the
local and equilateral primordial NG. In the local case,  $(S/N)^2$ is
proportional to $\int d^2\ell_1 d^2\ell_2 d^2\ell_3 \delta^{(2)}
(\vec{\ell}_{123})(\ell^3_1+\ell^3_2+\ell^3_3)^2/(\ell_1\ell_2\ell_3)^3$~\cite{BZ};
since the squeezed configuration, {\it e.g.} $\ell_1\ll \ell_2,\ell_3$,
is dominating the local bispecrum, the integral becomes proportional to $\int
d\ell_1 d\ell_2 (\ell_2/\ell^2_1)\propto \ell^2_{\rm max}$. In the equilateral
case, however, $(S/N)^2$ receives contributions from the configuration which is peaked at $\ell_1\sim\ell_2\sim\ell_3$ and therefore
it can be written as  $\int d^2\ell_1
d^2\ell_2 \delta(\ell_1-\ell_2)/\ell_1^2\propto \ell_{\rm max}$.}
$(S/N)^2 \propto \ell_{\rm max}$ and, setting $\ell_*=750$ and $\ell_{\rm min}\simeq 1200$,
\begin{equation}
\label{SNprim}
\left( \frac{S}{N} \right)_{\rm equil}^2 = 0.48 \times 10^5\, \frac{f_{\rm sky}}{2^5 \pi^3 6} \,A\, (f^{\rm equil}_{\rm NL})^2\, \,
\ell_{\rm max} \simeq
8 \, f_{\rm sky} \,A\,   (f^{\rm equil}_{\rm NL} )^2\,
\ell_{\rm max} .
\end{equation}
By choosing $f_{\rm sky}=0.8$ and $\ell_{\rm max}=2000$ we find a minimum detectable
\be
\label{fnleq}
f^{\rm equil}_{\rm NL}\simeq 66\, ,
\ee
obtained imposing $(S/N)_{\rm equil} =1$. Both the estimate of the minimum value of
$f^{\rm equil}_{\rm NL}$ and the scaling $(S/N)^2 \propto \ell_{\rm max}$ are
 in remarkable agreement with the result obtained in Ref.~\cite{SZ}
where the full transfer function is used and a value of $f^{\rm equil}_{\rm NL}= 67$ is obtained.\footnote{We thank M. Liguori for discussions about
the minimum value of $f^{\rm equil}_{\rm NL}$ detectable by Planck
and for its scaling with $\ell_{\rm max}$.} Notice that our estimate is independent from the coefficient $a$ and the exponetial $e^{-1/2(\ell/\ell_*)^{1.2}}$
introduced below Eq.~(\ref{toymodel}) to mimic the full transfer function.  This is because  there is an equal number of transfer
functions in the
numerator and denominator of the expression (\ref{S/N}) for the signal-to-noise ratio and their effect tend to cancel despite they
are not simple
multiplicative factors (see discussion in Ref.~\cite{BZ}).

\section{Non-Gaussianity from recombination}
Comforted by the goodness of our model, in this Section we wish to estimate the level of NG generated at the recombination era. One can
check that on small scales the second-order anisotropies are dominated
by the second-order gravitational potential $\Phi^{(2)}$ which grows as $\tau^2$, as first pointed out in Ref.~\cite{fr}.\footnote{
Notice that we have numerically
verified that such a term starts to be relevant from multipoles $\ell \simeq 1300$. This is actually indicated also by the results of
Ref.~\cite{fr}.}
Therefore, the  main contribution to the bispectrum generated at recombination comes from
\begin{eqnarray}
\label{monopole}
\Theta^{(2)}_{\rm SW}=\frac{1}{4} \Delta^{(2)}_{00}+\Phi^{(2)}\, ,
\end{eqnarray}
which is the usual term appearing in the CMB anisotropies due to the intrinsic photon energy density fluctuations
$\Delta^{(2)}_{00}$ and the gravitational redshift due to the potential~\cite{CMB2II}. Such a term on large scales reduces to the
Sachs-Wolfe effect, while on small scales at recombination
\be
\label{dominant}
\frac{1}{4} \Delta^{(2)}_{00}+\Phi^{(2)} \simeq -R\,  \Phi^{(2)}=-\frac{R}{14} G({\bf k_1}, {\bf k_2},{\bf k})T(k_1) \Phi^{(1)}({\bf k}_1)
 T(k_2)\Phi^{(1)}({\bf k}_2)\,\tau^2_r\, ,
\ee
where we have evaluated the expression at the recombination time $\tau_r$ and $R=3\rho_{\rm b}/4\rho_\gamma$ is the
baryon-to-photon energy density ratio. Eq.~(17) is the extension to the second-order of a well-known
expression at linear order~\cite{HuWhite} (see also \cite{HuS,PhDHu}), as discussed in details in Ref.~\cite{fr}. It can also be easily obtained
using the expressions of Ref.~\cite{CMB2II} by taking the sound speed
as a function of $R$. The kernel is
 given by~\cite{CMB2II}
\be
\label{kernelG}
G({\bf k_1}, {\bf k_2},{\bf k})={\bf k_1} \cdot {\bf k_2}-\frac{10}{3} \frac{({\bf k}\cdot {\bf k_1})
({\bf k}\cdot {\bf k_2})}{k^2}\, .
\ee
Notice that this expression has been obtained assuming all the momenta much larger than $k_{\rm eq}$ \cite{CMB2II}.
From the form of the kernel we see that the NG at recombination is dominated by an equilateral configuration, as expected
from the fact that its origin is gravitational.
Here and in the following we are implicitly assuming that a convolution is acting on the kernel as
\be
\frac{1}{(2 \pi)^3} \int d{\bf k}_1 d{\bf k}_2\, \delta^{(3)}({\bf k}_1+{\bf k}_2+{\bf k}_3) G({\bf k_1}, {\bf k_2},{\bf k})
T(k_1)\Phi^{(1)}({\bf k}_1)
T(k_2) \Phi^{(1)}({\bf k}_2)\, .
\ee
The reader should remember that, at first-order in perturbation theory,  the  combination
$\Theta^{(1)}_{\rm SW}+R\,\Phi^{(1)}$ is exponentially suppressed by the Silk damping, but still greater than the
term $R\Phi^{(1)}$ (which does not suffer the damping) for the maximum multipole of interest, $\ell_{\rm max}\sim 2000$. This is meanly due to the fact that the first-order gravitational potential rapidly decays on small scales. On the contrary, at second-order in perturbation theory, the
gravitational potential grows like the scale factor on small scales and it turns out that the $R\Phi^{(2)}$ dominates on small scales
(see Ref.~\cite{fr}).

The gravitational potential at linear order can be expressed as usual in terms of the transfer function  $T(k)$
\be
T(k) \approx 12 \left( \frac{k_{\rm eq}}{k} \right)^2 \ln[k/8 k_{\rm eq}]\, ,
\ee
where the last step is an approximation valid on  scales smaller the the equivalence scale, $k\gg k_{\rm eq}$.
In the following we will account for the logarithmic growth just with a
coeffcient $T_0(k)=12 \ln[k/8 k_{\rm eq}] \approx 11$ for the scales of interest.

In the flat-sky approximation one arrives at an expression similar to~(\ref{bispectflat}), where now one of the linear
transfer functions must replaced by a transfer function at second-order. Specifically one finds
\begin{eqnarray}
\label{bis}
B_{\rm rec}(\ell_1,\ell_2,\ell_3)&=& \frac{(\tau_0 - \tau_r)^2}{(2\pi)^2} \int
dk^z_1dk^z_2dk^z_3 \delta^{(1)}(k^z_{123}) \Big[ G({\bf k}'_1,{\bf k}'_2,{\bf k}'_3)T(k'_1) T(k'_2)P(k'_1) P(k'_2)
\\ \nonumber
& \times &\tilde{\Delta}^{T}(\ell_1,k^z_1) \tilde{\Delta}^T(\ell_2,k^z_2) \tilde{\Delta}^{T(2)}(\ell_3,k^z_3) +
{\rm cyclic} \Big]\, .
\end{eqnarray}
By using our model~(\ref{toymodel}) and
\be
\tilde{\Delta}^{T(2)}(\ell,k^z)=- \frac{R}{14} \frac{\tau^2_r}{(\tau_0-\tau_r)^2}\, ,
\ee
for the second-order radiation transfer function, we find
\bea
B_{\rm rec}(\ell_1,\ell_2,\ell_3)&=&-\frac{R}{14} \frac{(\tau_0-\tau_r)^{-4}}{(2 \pi)^2}k^4_{\rm eq}\, \tau_r^2A^2 a^2 T_0^2
e^{-1/2(\ell_1/\ell_*)^{1.2}} e^{-1/2(\ell_2/\ell_*)^{1.2}}  \int
dk^z_1dk^z_2dk^z_3 \delta^{(1)}(k^z_{123}) \nonumber \\
&\times& \left[ G({\bf k}'_1,{\bf k}'_2,{\bf k}'_3) \frac{1}{{k'_1}^5 {k'_2}^5}  e^{-1/2(|k_{1z}|/ k_*)^{1.2}} e^{-1/2(|k_{2z}|/ k_*)^{1.2}} +{\rm cyclic} \right]\, .
\eea
At this point we proceed further by employing the same approximation described after Eq. (\ref{Cl}). We
use the Dirac delta to replace the variable $k_{3z}$, and the exponential allow us to
evaluate the integral for $k_{1z}=k_{2z}=0$, for scales $\ell_i \gg \ell_*$. This leads to
\bea
\label{Bisprec}
B_{\rm rec}(\ell_1,\ell_2,\ell_3)&=&-\frac{4 f_2}{(2 \pi)^2}\frac{R}{14} A^2 a^2 T_0^2 (k_{\rm eq} \tau_r)^2 \ell_{\rm eq}^2 \ell_*^2
e^{-1/2(\ell_1/\ell_*)^{1.2}} e^{-1/2(\ell_2/\ell_*)^{1.2}}\nonumber\\
&\times& \frac{1}{\ell_1^5 \ell_2^5} \Big[{\vec\ell}_1 \cdot {\vec\ell}_2-\frac{10}{3}
\frac{({\vec\ell}_3 \cdot {\vec\ell}_1)({\vec\ell}_3 \cdot {\vec\ell}_2)}{\ell_3^2} \Big]+
 {\rm cyclic}\, .
\eea
Again here $f_2$ is a coefficient to better calibrate our approximations with numerical results that we have performed in order to
test the validity of our approach. Not surprisingly, it turns out that $f_2\simeq f_1 \simeq 1/1.4$.
\section{Contamination to primordial non-Gaussianity from recombination: Fisher matrices}
Our goal now is to quantify the level of NG coming from the recombination era and to estimate the level of degradation it causes
on the possible measurement of the equilateral primordial bispectrum. The reader should keep in mind that, given the form
of the kernel function (\ref{kernelG}), the NG from recombination is expected to be of the equilateral type.
A rigorous procedure is to define the Fisher matrix (see, for example, \cite{komatsuspergel})
\be
F_{ij}=\int d^2 \ell_1 d^2 \ell_2  d^2 \ell_3
\,\delta^{(2)}(\vec{\ell}_{123})\,\frac{
B^{i}(\ell_1,\ell_2,\ell_3)\, B^{j}(\ell_1,\ell_2,\ell_3)}{6\, C(\ell_1)\,C(\ell_2)\, C(\ell_3)}\, ,
\ee
where $i$ (or $j$)$=({\rm rec},{\rm equil})$, and to define the signal-to-noise ratio for a component $i$,
$(S/N)_i=1/\sqrt{F^{-1}_{ii}}$,  and the degradation parameter $d_i=F_{ii} F^{-1}_{ii}$ due to the correlation bewteen the
different components $r_{ij}=F^{-1}_{ij}/\sqrt{F^{-1}_{ii}F^{-1}_{jj}}$. The first entry $F_{\rm equil,equil}$
of the Fisher matrix corresponds to
the $(S/N)^2$ ratio computed in Eq.~(\ref{SNprim}) which does not account for any kind of cross-correlation.
Due to the equilateral form of the
NG generated at recombination we expect that the minimum value detectable for $f_{\rm NL}^{\rm equil}$ will
be higher that the one reported in Eq.~(\ref{fnleq}). For the mixed entry we find

\bea
\label{S/Nij}
F_{\rm rec,equil}&=&
\frac{f_{\rm sky}}{\pi} \frac{1}{(2 \pi)^2} \int d^2 \ell_1 d^2 \ell_2  d^2 \ell_3
\,\delta^{(2)}(\vec{\ell}_{123})\,
\frac{B_{\rm rec}(\ell_1,\ell_2,\ell_3)  B_{\rm equil}(\ell_1,\ell_2,\ell_3)}
{6\, C(\ell_1)\,C(\ell_2)\, C(\ell_3)}\, \nonumber\\
&=&- 3 f_1 f_2 \frac{f_{\rm sky}}{\pi^3} \frac{4 R}{14} \frac{48}{2^5 6}\frac{T^2_0}{a}
\,(k_{\rm eq} \tau_r)^2 \ell^2_{\rm eq} \ell_*\, A f_{\rm NL}^{\rm equil}
\, \int d\ell_1 d\ell_2 (1+\vec{\ell}_1\cdot\vec{\ell}_2/\ell_1\ell_2)\,
e^{1/2(\ell_3/\ell_*)^{1.2}} \nonumber\\
&\times& \frac{1}{\ell_1^3 \ell_2^3}\left(\ell_1+\ell_2 -\ell_3 \right) \left[{\vec\ell}_1 \cdot {\vec\ell}_2-\frac{10}{3}
\frac{({\vec\ell}_3 \cdot {\vec\ell}_1)({\vec\ell}_3 \cdot {\vec\ell}_2)}{\ell_3^2} \right]\, ,
\eea
where $\ell_3$ is given by Eq.~(\ref{l3}). The factor 3 in front of this expression comes from cyclic permutations.
The integral can be performed numerically and,
integrating from a minimum $\ell_{\rm min}\simeq 1200$ up to $\ell_{\rm max}=2000$, and
by taking $R\simeq 0.3$ when evaluated at recombination, $a \simeq 3$, $T_0 \simeq 11$,
$(k_{\rm eq} \tau_r)^2\simeq 26$, $\ell_{\rm eq}=150$, $\ell_*=750$, we find $F_{\rm rec,equil} \simeq
9.4 \times 10^{-4}$. Finally for the entry $F_{\rm rec,rec}$ we get

\bea
\label{S}
F_{\rm rec,rec}&=&
\frac{f_{\rm sky}}{\pi} \frac{1}{(2 \pi)^2} \int d^2 \ell_1 d^2 \ell_2  d^2 \ell_3
\,\delta^{(2)}(\vec{\ell}_{123})\,
\frac{B^2_{\rm rec}(\ell_1,\ell_2,\ell_3)}
{6\, C(\ell_1)\,C(\ell_2)\, C(\ell_3)}\, \nonumber\\
&=& f_2^2 \frac{f_{\rm sky}}{2^5 \pi^3 6} \left( \frac{4 R}{14} \right)^2 \left( \frac{T^2_0}{a} \right)^2
(k_{\rm eq} \tau_r)^4\, \ell^4_{\rm eq} \ell_*  A\Bigg[
3 \int d\ell_1 d\ell_2 e^{(\ell_3/\ell_*)^{1.2}} \frac{\ell_3^3}{\ell_1^6 \ell_2^6} \left({\vec\ell}_1 \cdot {\vec\ell}_2-\frac{10}{3}
\frac{({\vec\ell}_3 \cdot {\vec\ell}_1)({\vec\ell}_3 \cdot {\vec\ell}_2)}{\ell_3^2} \right)^2\nonumber \\
&+& 6 \int d\ell_1 d\ell_2  e^{1/2(\ell_3/\ell_*)^{1.2}}  e^{1/2(\ell_2/\ell_*)^{1.2}} \frac{1}{\ell_1^6 \ell_2 \ell_3^2}
 \left({\vec\ell}_1 \cdot {\vec\ell}_2-\frac{10}{3}
\frac{({\vec\ell}_3 \cdot {\vec\ell}_1)({\vec\ell}_3 \cdot {\vec\ell}_2)}{\ell_3^2} \right)\nonumber \\
&\times& \left({\vec\ell}_1 \cdot {\vec\ell}_3-\frac{10}{3}
\frac{({\vec\ell}_2 \cdot {\vec\ell}_3)({\vec\ell}_1 \cdot {\vec\ell}_2)}{\ell_2^2} \right)
\Bigg]\, ,
\eea
and we find a value $F_{\rm rec, rec}\simeq 0.014$. We are now able to compute the entries of inverse of the Fisher matrix, $F^{-1}_{ij}$. In
the following we report our results for the signal-to-noise ratios and the degradation parameters
\bea
\label{SN1}
\left( \frac{S}{N} \right)_{\rm equil}&=& \frac{1}{\sqrt{F^{-1}_{\rm equil,equil}}} \simeq
12.6 \times 10^{-3}  f_{\rm NL}^{\rm equil}
\, ,\\
\left( \frac{S}{N} \right)_{\rm rec}&=& \frac{1}{\sqrt{F^{-1}_{\rm rec,rec}}}\simeq 0.1\, , \\
r_{\rm rec,equil}&=&\frac{F^{-1}_{\rm rec,equil}}{\sqrt{F^{-1}_{\rm equil,equil}F^{-1}_{\rm rec,rec}}}\simeq -0.53\, , \\
d_{\rm rec}&=&F_{\rm rec,rec}F^{-1}_{\rm rec,rec}\simeq 1.4\, , \\
d_{\rm equil}&=&F_{\rm equil,equil}F^{-1}_{\rm equil,equil}\simeq 1.4\, .
\eea
As a confirmation of our expectations, we find that the NG of the type given by Eq.~(\ref{kernelG}) has a quite high correlation with an
equilateral primordial bispectrum.
This translates into a degradation (or a contamination) in the mimimum detectable value for
$f_{\rm NL}^{\rm equil}$ with respect to the value given in~(\ref{fnleq}). In fact from the signal-to-noise ratio~(\ref{SN1}) we find
a minimum value of
\be
f_{\rm NL}^{\rm equil} \simeq 79\, ,
\ee
imposing that $(S/N)_{\rm equil}=1$. This roughly corresponds to a contamination to the primordial equilateral NG
of\footnote{Due to a non-vanishing correlation,
$r_{ij}$, $(S/N)$ gets modified from its zero-order value to $(S/N)=(S/N)_0 (1-r_{ij}^2)^{1/2}$, so that the minimum detectable value of $f^{\rm equil}_{\rm NL}$ gets shifted by a quantity $\Delta f^{\rm equil}_{\rm NL}/(f^{\rm equil}_{\rm NL})_0 =(1-r_{ij}^2)^{-1/2}-1$.}

\be
\label{kk}
\Delta f^{\rm equil}_{\rm NL}={\cal O}(10)\, .
\ee
A similar way to quantify this statement is by defining an ``effective'' $f^{\rm rec}_{\rm NL}$ for which the equilateral
bispectrum~(\ref{eq:ours}) has the same Fisher matrix errors as the recombination bispectrum (see also ~\cite{Liguorietal,SZ})
\be
\label{eff}
f^{\rm rec}_{\rm NL}=\frac{\sqrt{F_{\rm rec,rec}}}{\sqrt{F_{\rm equil,equil}}}\Big|_{f^{\rm equil}_{\rm NL}=1}\, .
\ee
In this case we find an effective  non-linearity parameter $f^{\rm rec}_{\rm NL} \simeq 8$ which agrees with the result
(\ref{kk}).\footnote{
An alternative quantity can be used in order to measure the contamination to the primordial bispectra.
It is that effective equilateral  $f^{\rm rec}_{\rm NL}$ which minimizes the $\chi^2$ defined as
\be
\chi^2=\int d^2 \ell_1 d^2 \ell_2  d^2 \ell_3
\,\delta^{(2)}(\vec{\ell}_{123})\,
\frac{\left(\left. f^{\rm rec}_{\rm NL}\,B_{\rm eq}(\ell_1,\ell_2,\ell_3)\right|_{f_{\rm NL}^{\rm equil}=1}-
B_{\rm rec}(\ell_1,\ell_2,\ell_3)\right)^2}{6\, C(\ell_1)\,C(\ell_2)\, C(\ell_3)}\, . \nonumber
\ee
One finds
\be
\label{effr}
f^{\rm rec}_{\rm NL}= \frac{F_{\rm rec,equil}}{F_{\rm equil ,equil}} \Big|_{f_{\rm NL}^{\rm equil}=1}\, , \nonumber
\ee
and an analogous expression to compute the contamination to the local primordial bispectrum. In both cases we find a similar
value to the one obtained from Eq.~(\ref{eff})
and Eq.~(\ref{effloc}). Notice however that the effective non-linearity parameter defined in this way contains
a somewhat richer information with respect to~(\ref{eff}): we are not just comparing signal-to-noise ratios, but we are asking what is
the value of equilateral (local) $f_{\rm NL}$ which best mimics the bispectrum from recombination.
}
Similarly we can compute the Fisher matrix accounting for the NG generated at recombination and the primordial NG of the local type
\be
\label{equilloc}
\langle \Phi({\bf k}_1) \Phi({\bf k}_2) \Phi({\bf k}_3) \rangle = (2 \pi)^3 \delta^{(3)}
\big({\bf k}_1 + {\bf k}_2 + {\bf k}_3 \big)
B_{\rm loc}( k_1,  k_2 ,  k_3) \, ,
\ee
where
\be
\label{eq:loc}
B_{\rm loc}(k_1,k_2,k_3) = f_{\rm NL}^{\rm loc} \cdot 2
 A^2 \cdot \left(\frac1{k_1^3 k_2^3} +
\frac1{k_1^3 k_3^3} + \frac1{k_2^3 k_3^3}  \right) \, .
\ee
The bispectrum and the signal-to-noise ratio as defined in Eq.~(\ref{S/N}) have already been computed in the flat-sky approximation in
Ref.~\cite{BZ}. The result is that $(S/N)_{\rm loc}^2=4 \pi^{-2}
 f_{\rm sky} (\ell_*/\ell_{\rm min}) (f^{\rm loc}_{\rm NL})^2
A\, \ell^2_{\rm max}$, corresponding to
a minimum
detectable value of $f^{\rm loc}_{\rm NL}={\cal O}(7)$ for $\ell_{\rm max}=2000$
(when other possible sources of NG are ignored). We can compute the
off-diagonal entry of the Fisher matrix in a similar way to what we have described in this section, and we get
$F_{\rm rec,loc}\simeq 8 \times 10^{-3} f_{\rm NL}^{\rm loc}$. Finally the entry $F_{\rm rec,rec}\simeq 0.014$
has already been computed above.
From inverting the Fisher matrix, we get the following signal-to-noise ratios and the degradation parameters
\bea
\label{SN2}
\left( \frac{S}{N} \right)_{\rm loc}&=& \frac{1}{\sqrt{F^{-1}_{\rm loc,loc}}} \simeq 14 \times 10^{-2}  f_{\rm NL}^{\rm loc}
\, ,\\
\left( \frac{S}{N} \right)_{\rm rec}&=& \frac{1}{\sqrt{F^{-1}_{\rm rec,erec}}}\simeq 0.1\, , \\
r_{\rm rec,loc}&=&\frac{F^{-1}_{\rm rec,loc}}{\sqrt{F^{-1}_{\rm loc,loc}F^{-1}_{\rm rec,rec}}}\simeq -0.44\, , \\
d_{\rm rec}&=&F_{\rm rec,rec}F^{-1}_{\rm rec,rec}\simeq 1.2\, , \\
d_{\rm loc}&=&F_{\rm equil,equil}F^{-1}_{\rm equil,equil}\simeq 1.2\, .
\eea
In particular,  from Eq.~(\ref{SN2}) we see that now the minimum detectable value of $f^{\rm loc}_{\rm NL}$ remains basically
 unchanged in the presence of the recombination signal.
Similarly the effective $f^{\rm rec}_{\rm NL}$ reads
\be
\label{effloc}
f^{\rm rec}_{\rm NL}=\frac{\sqrt{F_{\rm rec,rec}}}{\sqrt{F_{\rm loc,loc}}}\Big|_{f^{\rm loc}_{\rm NL}=1} \simeq 0.7 \, ,
\ee
which is much smaller than the effective non-linearity parameter~(\ref{eff}) for the equilateral case.
We have also checked the cross-correlation between
the primordial local and equilateral bispectra finding a value of $r_{\rm loc,equil}\simeq0.23$, which is in
agreement with the
value reported in Ref.~\cite{SZ}. This reflects the fact that the primordial local and equilateral signals are
not fully uncorrelated. The reason  is due to the fact that the equilateral and
local bispectrum~(\ref{eq:loc}) and~(\ref{eq:ours})
approach the same shape in the equilateral configuration. This is also the reason why the
cross-correlation between the primordial local and recombination bispectra is not so small.

We conclude with two comments. First, we would like to stress that
the NG from recombination and the one due to the non-linear evolution
of gravity from the last scattering surface to us include many other contributions.  However, they will affect
the measurement of the primordial local NG \cite{Nitta}, while the contamination to the primordial equilateral NG is dominated
by the non-linearities considered in this note.
Second, our estimates have been obtained  with a  maximum multipole of $\ell_{\rm max}=2000$. For an experiment
like {\it Planck}, it  approximately corresponds  to the angular scales where the instrument noise and the
secondary effects from lensing are still negligble
when computing the signal-to-noise ratios~\cite{komatsuspergel,BZ}.

\vskip 0.5cm
\begin{center}
{\bf Acknowledgments}
\end{center}
We thank M. Liguori, E. Komatsu and S. Matarrese for several discussions. This research has been partially supported by ASI contract
I/016/07/0 ``COFIS''.

\footnotesize

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


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Deep inside your birth chart lays the secret code that will unlock your psyche and all of its potential. A thorough analysis of your chart will help you understand not only your talents, but also your short circuits. We all have them. Those not-so-nice qualities that tend to emerge when we're stressed out, anxious or trying to avoid something. Astrology can help you pinpoint your Achilles heel, as well as your glory. What's more, studying your birth chart can help you transcend your weaknesses and maximize your strengths.
When you consider this, it soon becomes apparent that the benefits to studying your horoscope -- or anyone else's -- are priceless. For starters, you will appreciate what really makes you and those you love tick. What do you need more than anything else in the world to feel safe? Study your Moon for answers. How do you express love and what are some of your natural talents? Study your Venus. What do you look for in a partner? The answers are in your 7th House of Partnerships, any planets contained therein and by studying the ruling planet of your 7th House. Whatever your question might be, Astrology can help provide answers more illuminating than you ever imagined.
In addition, studying the Astrology birth chart of a loved one will undoubtedly help improve your relationship with them. Why? Well, if you have a tool that helps you understand how that person tends to operate within, then it naturally follows that you'll empathize with their tendencies -- even if you don't agree with or share them. This will lead to an improvement in your relationship instantly! Same goes for you. Studying your own chart will undoubtedly help improve the relationship you have with yourself!
I'm fond of scouring the birth charts of my family, friends or colleagues whenever we experience patches of conflict or when I'd like deeper insight into their behavior. Not only do I see what their natural patterns are, but I can also compare my chart to theirs and discover how my own energy might not always harmonize with how they're naturally suited to express themselves. This realization puts it all in perspective when I am angry, upset or confused about any relationship.
As you can see, the benefits of studying your birth chart are incredibly rich and multi-dimensional. Astrology can provide razor sharp insight into the human condition in the most instant, on-target way. Why wouldn't you want to get your hands on a tool that allows you to look deeper into yourself than years of psychotherapy? From my perspective it's a total no-brainer.
When Your Birth Chart "Makes Noise"


Today I'd like to talk about an issue I ran into over the past week… It isn't the first time that I have seen this, but it apparently didn't sink in well enough the last time. The issue has to do with how SQL interprets space at the end of a string when dealing with the equality operator. One might expect the space to be counted when determining the equality of a string – it is, after all, being stored in the database. And this is the case… kind of.
Here we have an trailing space on the variable. I would probably expect this to return 0. It does not. We ignore the trailing space when it comes to equality.
Let's look at a leading space.
OK, this works as I would expect. It is not, in fact, equal. We treat spaces anywhere, other then trailing, as non-equal if present only on one side of the comparison.
Now, the real concern I ran into this week was not really having to do with either of these cases, but instead in the difference between how we interpret the trailing space with an equality, and what I would also consider to be an equality, the like operator with no wildcards.
Again, I'm a little surprised at the results here as we come back with a match. It ignores the trailing space. Now let's reverse the assignment.
Here we have the trailing space in the like clause. No dice.
So, what have we learned? I have no clue. I can say that there is an inequality in the way that we treat spaces with comparison operators in the database. If you are finding that when auditing data you have differences in the counts, make sure that you are using the same operators, and that they are in fact doing what you would expect. Particularly if you are storing patterns for comparison with a like operator, some of which contain wildcards and some of which do not.
This entry was posted in SQL and tagged Quick Tip. Bookmark the permalink.
Yes, with char this would work (although more than likely a lot of the rest of your application would not). The point to this was that it is not the same with Varchar, which from my experience is the predominant data type used. Oh, and that it completely caught me off guard.


text:
chat room Mar. 12, 2012
Jonah Hill and Channing Tatum on Rebooting 21 Jump Street, Cop Uniforms, and Kids These Days
By Nisha Gopalan
Jonah Hill and Channing Tatum. Photo: Astrid Stawiarz/Getty Images
When Vulture entered a hotel room to interview Channing Tatum and Jonah Hill about their 21 Jump Street update, Hill immediately misidentified us as the New York Times' gossip blog. We thought we corrected him … until he started chanting "gossip, gossip" to the tune of Kanye West's "Monster." Tatum, meanwhile, paced around the room eating chips and comically shadowboxed with his reflection in the window. Both of them were wearing cop uniforms. Did things get even odder as we discussed the link between 21 Jump Street and Skrillex, Peter Pan, and Drew Barrymore? You bet they did.
Why does 21 Jump Street warrant an update?
Jonah Hill: I was the original architect of the project. I've been on it for five years. My agent said, "You should make 21 Jump Street into a comedy." I was really against it because I think remakes of television shows into movies are really lazy. That's why we make a joke about it really early in the film. I [later] thought, "What an interesting idea, getting to relive the most important part of your youth, high school — and thinking you have all the answers, but realizing you have none of the answers."
Isn't this sort of the male equivalent of that Drew Barrymore movie, Never Been Kissed?
Hill: It's definitely not! Um, but you should never say that ever again.
The movie is also about how youth culture evolves so quickly. What baffles you most now about youth culture?
Channing Tatum: The whole digital thing: Facebook, Twitter. That stuff grows at such an exponential rate that it's ridiculous to me. I didn't have a computer until — I don't know — four, five years ago. And everything's changed since then. Technology just changes, like, every single day. I didn't have Internet in high school, and I think that has sort of changed the game, too. I don't get how you can take a test. 'Cause can't you just take out your iPhone and Wikipedia it?
And here I was thinking you'd say "Skrillex" or something.
Hill: He's a modern-day rock star. I think one of the major themes when I started writing 21 Jump Street was that our characters would only be a few years out of high school, but have a major disconnect from kids now. I have an 18-year-old sister, so during the five years I've been working on this, I really got to be around someone … I didn't understand what her and her friends were talking about 90 percent of the time, even though I wasn't old. Channing and I sound like old people when we answer this question, but it really is digital stuff. [Kids] really do communicate through social networking and stuff like that, whereas we don't.
In the movie, Jonah stars as Peter Pan in a school play. And now Channing is shopping around a Peter Pan project. Did you get this idea, Channing, after making this movie?
Tatum: I cast Jonah in it last week.
Hill: He told me this was an audition for Pan.
Tatum: Peter Pan is my favorite story of all time. It really starts to get into a department of my mind: I love fantasy, like the idea that some crazy kid could fly through your window and take you on an adventure somewhere. I have always wanted to see it done really well. They've made some movies that were good, but … We'll see how it all shakes out. We're still in process of writing and finding a director.
Will you star?
Tatum: I don't know. I definitely won't be playing Peter Pan.
Or Wendy.
Tatum: If we wanna make it weird.
Back to 21 Jump Street: How long did it take you guys to perfect that slide-across-the-hood-of-a-car thing?
Tatum: That's how everybody gets into their cars in the South [where I'm from], so I could do it from a very young age.
Hill: He taught me how to do it. I was a little hesitant. I hurt my hip a few times.
Channing, did you watch the Oscars this year?
Tatum: I did watch this guy [points to Jonah]. Just at home with my wifey.
What did you think? Were you bummed when he lost?
Tatum: No, man. It's like even being nominated … you can't take that away. It's like somebody being president. They were president once. It's always gonna be "Oscar-nominated Jonah Hill."
Jonah, how did missing out on the Oscar compare to losing a High Times Stoney award?
Hill: What do you mean I lost it?
Apparently you were nominated in 2010 for Get Him to the Greek, but John Cusack took home the Stoner of the Year prize for Hot Tub Time Machine.
Hill: I have no idea. I don't read that publication.
Throughout my research, Channing, I noticed a theme: When making appearances, ladies like to ask you to take your shirt off. How awkward is that to hear?
Tatum: Yeah, but they're genuinely 13-year-old girls. That are just saying it to be funny but don't really mean it. If I really took my shirt off while walking towards them, that would be creepy.
You have both been producing more and more movies. What does this say about your acting ambitions?
Tatum: I just wanna keep working with great people. New characters, things that I haven't done, things that I haven't seen. I just don't want to repeat myself.
Hill: I think the goal by the end of my career is to be indefinable. Still doing some comedies, but doing more dramas.
Last question: Who made you wear these cop outfits today?
Hill: It was our idea — in order to avoid any seriousness. It's pretty hard to ask us a serious question if we're dressed like morons.


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HomeHD ProgrammingDrama'The Americans' Cold War drama premieres tonight on FX
HD ProgrammingDramaFeaturedNewsHD News
'The Americans' Cold War drama premieres tonight on FX
By Jason Lee
Nothing to do tonight but watch the tube? FX original series The Americans will premiere at 10 PM ET/PT. The new show revolves around the lives of two KGB spies based in Washington D.C. while Ronald Reagan is president. The spies, who are married under arrangement, have two children who live amidst escalating Cold War fears. To add to the drama, an FBI agent specializing in KGB spies posing as Americans just happens to move next door to the family. Matthew Rhys, Keri Russell, and Noah Emmerich star in the new series created and written by former CIA officer Joe Weisberg.
Other FX original series include American Horror Story, Anger Management, Damages, Rescue Me, Justified, and Sons of Anarchy.
FX is carried by DirecTV (Ch. 248 HD), Dish Network (Ch. 136 HD), AT&T (Ch. 1129 HD), Verizon FiOS (Ch. 553 HD), and most cable TV providers (check your local listings.)
FX broadcasts in HD (both 720p and 1080i), and SD 480i (SDTV/16:9 letterbox). The company was launched in 1994 is owned by Fox Entertainment Group.
HD Programming
Previous articleApple To Offer 128GB iPad
Next articleCES awards Hopper with Sling as Best of Show
Jason Leehttps://hd-report.com


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Viktor Müller ist der Name folgender Personen:

* Viktor Müller (Fußballspieler), österreichischer Fußballspieler
 Viktor Müller (Unternehmer)  (1913–1967), deutscher Unternehmer und Erfinder
 Viktor Müller (Grasskiläufer) (* 1988), Schweizer Grasskiläufer
 Viktor Adolf Müller (1879–1959), Schweizer Architekt

Siehe auch:
 Victor Müller


Sugarkane evolved from original John O'Leary Band which was established in 2002. Since then the band has trail blazed an unique and uncompromising brand of blues based music and in the course of it's journey, has both thrilled and challenged audiences throughout the UK and Europe. The band's musical foundation lies wholeheartedly in the blues but there is also a hefty mix of jazz, funk, latin, rock and even reggae to produce a potent indicvidual musical brew. Noted for it's jamming approach, today, Sugarkane is an established and popular attraction on the British blues, rock & jazz scene. The band consists of founder John O'Leary, long term members Jules Fothergill (guitar), Roger Inniss (bass), Jools Grudgings (keys), Joachim Greve (drums) reinforced by the recent addition of guitarist & composed Steve Wright. As a 6 piece band, it is a breath of fresh air in a genre dominated by guitar/bass/drum trios.
Finding a pigeon hole for this band is impossible! It has been described as " blues harmonica meets The Mahavishnu Orchestra" by Blues Matters magazine and by The Times newspaper as being "sprung like an industrial coil".Sugarkane is a band that will take you on a roller coaster of a ride. Every member of the band is acknowledged by fans and critics alike as being among the very best on their respective instruments playing in Britain at the present time.
In 2011 the album "Two For The Show" was released to universal critical acclaim and headed the list of best releases by Blues Matters magazine. In addition, John was voted No. 2 in the harmonica category by Blues Matters in 2011 and again in 2013.
John o'Leary blues harmonica .....since 1965!


text:
homevideos Newspersonal finance News
Mutual Fund Corner: Understanding capital gains tax on mutual funds
videos | Dec 1, 2022 3:44 PM IST
By CNBC-TV18 | Dec 1, 2022 3:44 PM IST (Published)
In this episode of 'Mutual Fund Corner', Mrin Agarwal, Financial Educator & Director at Finsafe India will discuss capital gains on mutual funds and also talk about the pros and cons of investing via the SIP route against a lump sum investment.
Agarwal said there is a different set of taxation for different asset classes held under mutual funds. She said, "On the equity funds equity, funds which have more than 65 percent invested in equities, classified as equity funds, and for those, if you exit below a year, it is treated as short-term capital gains and taxed at 15 percent and if you exit after a year, then you are taxed at 10 percent long term capital gains post a gain of Rs 1 lakh. So that's on the equity side."
On the debt side, taxation is different. She said, "To qualify for long-term capital gains, you need to hold the debt fund for three years and if you exit before three years, it is qualified as short-term capital gains and it is taxable at slab so whatever the slab rate that the investor comes under, it is taxed like that."
Watch the video for more.
Also Read: Key investment strategy when market is at all-time high
Mutual Fund Corner


Many brides and grooms consider Las Vegas to be the Wedding Capital of the World, and most will agree that Elvis is The King! Since they come here looking for something with a splash of fun, our services and our Las Vegas wedding chapels have expanded to meet the demand for the phenomenally popular Elvis themed Las Vegas weddings.
To make your day both memorable and unique, you may choose from a variety of Elvis theme Viva Las Vegas wedding packages, each starring The King himself!
Elvis will perform the wedding ceremony and sings a selection of his greatest hits! From the Elvis Blue Hawaii wedding package, featuring lush tropical sets, smoke effects and theatrical lighting (included is a`hula girl dancing to The Hawaiian Wedding Song! Or you can even substitute a Priscilla impersonator to appear as your Matron of Honor instead!) to the Las Vegas wedding package, with Elvis in all his glory (flanked by a showgirl in a thrilling Vegas setting), you will find it difficult to choose!
From the simplest ceremony with just The King officiating and singing your favorite song, to the more elaborate themed packages (which include super stretch limo service, flowers, video, photography, sets and costumed characters), you are sure to find just what you are looking for, at a price that is easily within your budget.
So pull back the pews, set out the cocktail tables beside the dance floor, switch on the intellibeams, add some fog, pump up the volume...hey, why not hook up that mirror ball, and well...what more could you ask for? Elvis? No problem...we've got him!
ADDRESS 1205 S. Las Vegas Blvd.


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View Profile MrCongeniality
POSTS 3.2K
220 Movie Reviews
Nyan Caxx
For lack of a better word: Fabulous
I'm quite blown away by this flash, and not only because it's really fucking funny; it's also VERY well done. The animation and sound are excellent, and both function on the same level as one another, something that I see rarely often, but the effort shows. This is definitely a quality flash and definitely a rare gem overall, and this definitely deserves its place in "The Best of All Time" on the Portal front page.
The Internet You Need
Well done and important
Not only is this a well animated piece with good sound mixing, but it is also a pretty important one. Everyone needs to see this, just to see how much government agencies like the FCC are screwing us by letting our ISPs fuck with us based on what we access.
The animation and voice acting are solid, but I didn't find this very humorous, because animal abuse isn't something I find to be very funny.
Recent Game Reviews
58 Game Reviews
Obama Presidential Escape
Great game, but it ends too soon
I really like this game, I really do, it actually requires me to use my brain, which needed a little bit of dusting off for this submission. But after some thinking and really hard work, I finished the entire game, and I'm very impressed, but a bit disappointed at the same time.
I'm impressed that content of this nature is actually on NG, it's really great and entertaining and relevant in some way (Obama being president and all). I was also very impressed to find out that the game is very clever and humorous, and it references and parodies many movies in a witty way, like E.T., The Matrix, Spiderman, Toy Story, etc.
What disappointed me is that the end was a bit anti-climatic, and the fight scene with stopping the bullets was just a tad too difficult. This also feels like an unfinished game (as crazy as that sounds) and it seems as though there is more content that should follow after he jets off on the bike with E.T.
But I'm more impressed than disappointed, and I feel that I must give this a really good score for the effort put forth and the entertainment value it possesses. Good job.
K-FED: Dancing with Fire
The graphics and animation are really above the bar (maybe even beyond), and it has a great arcade game feel. I also personally despise K-Fed, which was an added bonus.
The difficulty is a bit staggering at first, but surprisingly, that's what makes the game so great, is that you actually have to play it about 3 times and lose before you actually get the hang of it.
Hard to find a game where its only weakness is one of its strengths as well. This is a gem.
Chris Crocker in Blender
Captures that authentic annoyance
I like how this captures the very authentic annoyance of Chris Crocker, and the fact that you get to put him in a blender so he can die a horrible death. Animation, sound, and graphics are nearly top notch.
However, this is a bit too short, and what you can do with the blender is very limited.
But still, a very enjoyable and well done submission.
Recent Audio Reviews
2 Audio Reviews
brumbrimblum feat Shinobi
It was beautiful I cried. And then cried some more. Then cried again. Then cried 40 more times. And then had to go to the emergency for self-inflicted eye xerosis, then die, then arrive at Planet X discovering it's the "other side" people talk about, and then discover that Planet X is about to collide with Earth, meaning we're all screwed whether we live or die!!!
Martin Luther King Jr. Rap
Wikka Wakka
This motherfuckin' shit should be featured, wikka wakka wikki it's wacka!
Nice beat too.
MALCOLM X.
Recent Art Reviews
1 Art Review
Pushing Onwards
The spit and polish you put on the final product is pretty damn good. Get to writing that comic.
Aigis	responds:
There's still a lot I have to do. I've only got the designs of two characters for one.
It's no coincidence that my account is approximately as old as the movie Miss Congeniality.
Been on Newgrounds even before 2001 on a different alias. I will be bringing some of my future film work here.
Randy	@MrCongeniality
School of Hard Knox
Safety Patrol


text:
layout: post
title:  "笨方法学Ruby第三十二天"
date:   2016-06-29 00:18:23
categories: [LRTHW]
---

{% highlight ruby %}

the_count = [1,2,3,4,5]
fruits = ['apples', 'oranges', 'pears', 'apricots']
change = [1, 'pennies', 2, 'dimes', 3, 'quarters']

# this first kind of for-loop goes through a list
# in a more traditional style found in other languagues
for number in the_count
	puts "This is count #{number}"
end

# same as above, but in a more Ruby style
# this and the next one are the preferred
# way Ruby for-loops are written
fruits.each do |fruit|
	puts "A fruit of type: #{fruit}"
end

# also we can go through mixed lists too
# note this is yet another style, exactly like above
# but a different syntax (way to write it).
change.each {|i| puts "I got #{i}" }

# we can also bulid lists, first start with an empty one
elements = []

# then use the range operator to do 0 to 5 counts
(0..5).each do |i|
	puts "adding #{i} to the list."
	# pushes the i variable on the *end* of the list
	elements.push(i)
end

# now we can print them out too
elements.each {|i| puts "Element was: #{i}"}

{% endhighlight %}

{% highlight ruby %}

the_count = [1,2,3,4,5]

the_count.each do |number|
	puts "This is count #{number}"
end

elements = []

(0..5).each do |i|
	puts "adding #{i} to the list."
	# pushes the i variable on the *end* of the list
	elements << i
end

{% endhighlight %}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Ring Video Doorbell (2nd Generation) review: A great feature set from the market leader for less than $100
Ring's latest—and least-expensive—video doorbell impresses, but still doesn't work well with Google Assistant.
Senior Correspondent, TechHive Sep 4, 2020 3:00 am PDT
Image: Ring
Broad ecosystem of compatible smart-home products
$100 price tag (less when on sale)
Good image quality and motion detection
Stable, feature-rich app
Rechargeable battery is not removable
No recorded video without a paid subscription
Single-band Wi-Fi
Poor integration with Google Assistant
The Ring Video Doorbell (2nd Generation) improves on the first model with a feature set that's difficult to beat for the price.
Best Prices Today: Ring Video Doorbell (2nd Generation)
The Ring Video Doorbell (Second Generation) is a refreshed version of Ring's entry-level product that integrates features from some of the company's more expensive doorbells while keeping the same $100 price tag (substantially less when it's on sale, as it was at the time of this review).
Compared to the original Ring Video Doorbell, first offered for sale in late 2014, the second-generation model offers video at 1080p resolution compared to the original's 720p. Higher resolution is better with any type of camera, and in the doorbell, it will mean a sharper image with a better chance of discerning fine detail, should you need that.
Ring Video Doorbell 3 Plus
Read our review
The second-gen product also has improved night vision and new motion zone settings, but if you want a battery that you can remove for recharging—or if you want to keep a spare battery on hand that you can swap out when the one in the camera inevitably dies—then you should look at the Ring Video Doorbell 3 or 3 Plus.
The latter doorbells can also connect to less-crowded 5GHz Wi-Fi networks where this less-expensive model has only a 2.4GHz Wi-Fi adapter onboard. The second band might be useful in an area with a large number of Wi-Fi devices that interfere with each other.
This review is part of TechHive's coverage of the best video doorbells, where you'll find reviews of competing products, plus a buyer's guide to the features you should consider when shopping for this type of product.
In addition to the cost of the device, you will probably end up with a Ring Protect subscription to get the most from the doorbell. Without a subscription, it works fine and you'll get motion-activated notifications and real-time video with two-way talk, but nothing the camera captures will be saved.
The Ring Protect subscription costs $3 per month or $30 per year and adds 60 days of cloud video storage, the ability to download and share video and Ring's snapshot feature. The more expensive Protect Plus subscription at $10 per month or $100 per year covers an unlimited number of Ring products and professional monitoring for its Ring Alarm product.
[ Further reading: The best home security cameras ]
Martyn Williams / IDG
The new mounting bracket makes the Ring Video Doorbell (Second Generation) easier to install, and you can connect it to low-voltage wiring if that option is available.
Installing the Ring Video Doorbell (2nd Gen)
The camera snaps onto a plastic bracket that is mounted on the side of your house. The second-generation install is slightly more polished than the first, where the camera slotted into the bracket. The new model clips at the top and then snaps in at the bottom, aided by a magnet.
Ring Alarm
There are two security screws at the base of the doorbell to prevent it being surreptiously removed. During the review period, we received an email from Ring advising customers to make sure they used the correct screw to secure the doorbell. Apparently, some users had mistakenly used the longer wood screw, which subsequently pierced the internal Lithium Ion battery.
If you're replacing a wired doorbell, the Ring 2nd Generation can use that low-voltage wiring (provided its (8 to 24 volts AC), and have it fall back on its built-in battery in the event of a blackout. Relying on battery operation alone allows for almost complete freedom as to where the camera is placed, but that flexibility comes with one disadvantage: The battery in the camera isn't removable, so when you need to recharge it, you must take the entire doorbell into your house.
The USB charging port of the battery is on the back of the doorbell, which means you must dismount the entire doorbell to recharge it.
Ring also sells an optional solar panel that can keep the battery charged up. This is particularly useful in situations where it's difficult to run power, and changing the battery is problematic. The charger costs $49, but was not tested as part of this review.
The built-in battery is one of the main sacrifices Ring has made with this product. The more expensive Video Doorbell 3 models include a removable battery.
Using the Ring Video Doorbell 2nd generation
The Ring Video Doorbell second-generation worked well in TechHive's tests. The image was sharp, it was well-balanced in bright and overcast weather and at night, and the doorbell reacted fast when motion was detected.
The Ring Video Doorbell (Second Generation) captures video in 1080p resolution, compared to the orignal product's 720p.
One of the biggest annoyances with video doorbells is false alerts when movement irrelevant to you is detected, such as that from animals or vehicles. The Ring app has an optional "people only mode" that alerts only when people are detected. I found this worked very well and cut down on a lot of the alerts I was getting but it didn't once fail to alert for a person.
Ring's Snapshot feature (available only with a paid subscription) snaps a photo once each hour and presents it a timeline in the app. As the Ring system doesn't continually stream to the cloud (like competitor Nest), the timeline would otherwise be blank during periods between motion-activated recordings. These hourly snapshots fill this space for a more comprehensive record of what happened in front of the camera.
The doorbell also includes Ring's updated motion zones feature. It now has four motion detection zones: a left, center, and right zone, along with a near-field zone. Each can be turned on or off and there is a sensitivity control that is common across all the zones.
Settings for motion zones and modes in the Ring app.
Also new are privacy zones. These will help you be a more ethical doorbell owner or perhaps conform with privacy rules if you have a shared space in front of your door, such as an apartment hallway, or someone else's front door when lots are close together.
The app lets you draw any number of rectangular privacy zones in the video image your doorbell sees. Subsequently, the doorbell won't record motion in these zones. It will still react to motion in the zone but when you look at recorded video or a live view, these areas will be solid black.
The blacked-out space in this screenshot indicates that a privacy zone has been established, so whatever is in that area of the camera's field of view will never be recorded.
The app includes an optional mode setting: disarmed, home, and away. Setting the different modes will determine how cameras and sensors react when motion is detected and whether indoor cameras record video.
Smart-home connectivity
Ring is owned by Amazon, so it's not a surprise that the Video Doorbell integrates well with Amazon Alexa. For example, you can program Alexa devices to alert you when someone presses the doorbell, and Alexa can show live or recorded video on an Echo Show or Echo Spot smart display.
The flipside of this is that it has poor integration with Google Assistant. You can use voice commands to change modes or alerts, but there's no video capability and you can't talk to people at your door through a Google Home device. If you have a smart home based on Google Home, you're better off looking at devices from Nest or competitors with better compatibility.
The second-generation Ring Video Doorbell works well and is a top performer, especially for its price. It should be a strong contender for anyone looking at buying a video doorbell, and the monthly costs—however annoying—are low, too.
Author: Martyn Williams, Senior Correspondent
Martyn Williams produces technology news and product reviews in text and video for PCWorld, Macworld, and TechHive from his home outside Washington D.C.. He previously worked for IDG News Service as a correspondent in San Francisco and Tokyo and has reported on technology news from across Asia and Europe.
Recent stories by Martyn Williams:
The best TV antennas: Tested for real-world signal strength
Televes Bexia review: A great amplified indoor TV antenna
Best of CES: The coolest smart home and home entertainment gear we saw


Donde puedo bajar el Fine artist programa educativo win95 era este. los 30teaeros lo recordarn. en chile lo ocupbamos en los laboratorios de Busca y Conctate con tus Amigos en Facebook. Regstrate Ahora. Create an account or log into Facebook. Connect with friends, family and other people you know. Share photos and videos, send messages and get updates. Descarga Lo ltimo de Microsoft Windows, Office, Xbox y Ms.
Compra Ahora. Ahora puedes obtener acceso previo a la prxima versin de Facebook para Android si participas en pruebas beta. Tienes problemas para descargar o instalar la. New to the cloud? Learning about Azure? The Azure Cloud Resource Center has whitepapers, analyst reports, and ondemand webinars to help you learn the basics. Descargar Fine artist programa nios: 34 programas analizados por expertos en Editores grficos para descargar gratis y rpido. Programas de Editores grficos.
Get the latest information, insights, announcements, and news from Microsoft experts and developers in the MSDN blogs. Legal note: Old Games Finder is a search engine and assumes no responsibility for the content of external websites. Copyright infringement (DMCA) can be messaged on. Join Google. Report an issue. Help Razer Phone sold out at Microsoft Store, I hate to hear you talk about all women as if they were fine ladies instead of.


A luxury two double bedroom ground floor apartment within a gated development of six properties in a central village location. Available from May. This property is beautifully presented throughout and should be viewed to fully appreciate.


text:
Nigeria plans clampdown on shell companies
US experts boost ITF staff capacity in cyber security, mobile app…
Home News Nigeria Edwin Clark: Reintroduction of Ruga will disintegrate Nigeria
Edwin Clark: Reintroduction of Ruga will disintegrate Nigeria
Bankolew Adewale
The convener of the Pan Niger Delta Forum, Edwin Clark, has warned the Federal Government against reintroducing the suspended controversial Ruga scheme.
He said the reintroduction could lead to the disintegration of Nigeria.
While saying that it was good to diversity Nigeria's revenue base from oil to other sources of income such as agriculture, he warned that policies to be introduced to boost agriculture must not offend the sensibilities of host communities or other parts of the country.
Clark gave the warning in his Abuja home while talking with journalists. He said, "Nigeria belongs to all of us. It is true that this country has been depending on oil and gas. One appreciates the efforts of the FG to diversity into areas of agriculture; but the recent introduction of Ruga is an abomination to the entire people of Nigeria. It is obnoxious, it is unacceptable. We cannot remain in a country where various different groups of people live to make Nigeria since 1914 and today you are introducing some sort of settlement of a particular group of the country in every part of the 36 states simply because you believe you are solving the problem of herdsmen and farmers. That is not the issue; you are not solving it.
"Ranching is the solution. If you want to maintain cattle rearing, it is ranching. That is what operates everywhere in the world. Even in less civilised developed countries in Africa. If you go to Brazil and East Africa, ranching is what they are doing. Even our founding fathers in the first republic established ranches. There were ranches at Obudu Cross River State, Ondo State and in the north. Nobody kicked against it but for you to introduce a settlement for resolving the problem between herdsmen and farmers is unthinkable."
He accused some government officials of nursing hidden agenda and allowing foreigners from Niger, Chad and some other neighbouring countries to illegally settle in Nigeria under the guise of herdsmen.
He said, "Let us go back, we have been living with Fulani and their herds for very long time; even when I was young, they lived with us. When they are bringing their cows, they used their sticks and everybody gave way but today we see herdsmen armed with Ak-47 all over the country moving around, killing people, raping women, killing children and so forth, destroying farms and today not one single one has been arrested, no single one has been caught and his gun removed; that is the country we belong.
"Government is not interested in seeing that the herdsmen with arms that came from Niger, Libya and other places are addressed; they want those people to be settled in our midst. It is not the Fulani who are going round with cows that they want to settle. These (foreigners) are not the ones they want to settle. So I disagree with that project.
"They should now withdraw it completely. Whether they suspend it for another 10 years or so, if it comes back, Nigeria will not survive as a country. It is good they withdrew it. If they say they have just suspended it and they are bringing it back, no Nigerian will agree to it and that may be the beginning of the disintegration of this country. God forbid!"
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Easy to make horse treats at home.
Mix oats, water, and honey.
Add shredded apple, brown sugar, crushed peppermints, food coloring, flour, and raisins.
Place back in microwave for 2 more minutes.
Put mixture into muffin tin. Put in oven for about 15 minutes or until lightly golden brown. Note: the muffins do not rise.
Put in oven at 325 for 20 minutes.
Add your horse's favorite grain and stir. If it is not sticking add more honey.
Mix grated carrots and carrot chunks, grated apple, oatmeal, whole-wheat flour and honey in a bowl.
Stir until sticky and doughy.
Add a little milk to the mixture milk to make it moist, but still doughy.
Shape the dough into balls and bake at 350 degrees for 15-20 minutes.
Melt the 2 tablespoons of margarine at a medium temperature in a sauce pan.
Add brown sugar and stir until it starts to boil then bring to a simmer.
Dip apple slices in the sugar mixture, then roll them in the oats.


Dachshund Rescue Centers and Adoption Groups.
...recover strayed lost or stolen dachshunds and to keep them, out of the grips of animal dealers, laboratories, puppy mills and also out of animal pounds.
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Why many dogs need new homes.
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Family break up and nobody will take the dog.
Couples have new baby and cannot cope with the dog and baby.
Owner moves to an apartment that does not allow pets.
Change of circumstances for breeders or owners.
How much will it cost to adopt a dog.
Most groups offering rescue and adoption facilities are non-profit making and rely on fund raising and donations to survive, they are always most grateful for any contributions.
When adopting a dog there will be a charge of approximately $150 - $350, usually depending on the age of the dog, this goes towards paying for the care, feeding, neutering, vaccinations, worming, and special attention the dogs may require, as some arrive in poor condition and require veterinary attention.
Approval is required for adoption.
Rescue Centers will check that you can provide a suitable home for a dachshund and are aware of the long term commitment of owning a dog, some centers will visit your home. You will need to complete an application to be approved for dachshund adoption.
Where to find Rescue Centers.
Some of the many rescue groups available check the web or your local phone directory.
If you would like to rescue a Dachshund dog or puppy and adopt them into your family contact your, nearest Doxie Rescue/Adoption organisation.


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Sting Tickets
Sting Tickets Las Vegas
Generations of music lovers have enjoyed the appealing voice of Gordon Sumner, better known as Sting. The lead singer of the popular group The Police, he sang like no other star during their prime time on stages across the world. However, these days Sumner has mellowed out and tours all over the place simply enjoying the fans and the love of music.
Starting out in London during the mid seventies, Sumner and fellow group member Stuart Copeland, began the early makings of The Police. Shortly after they met, the third member, Andy Summers, and history began to start in the making for this incredible trio. While their start in London was stubbed out by critics, greater things awaited this young and budding group in America.
The trio started out in their career of fame and rock music the hard way. In fact, they drove around in a van with all their equipment and musical paraphernalia from one gig to another like a fairy tale story about the bands that finally make it big. This group not only fulfilled that fairy tale, their dreams came true bigger than ever in the music business.
After some time in America, the trio returned home to the United Kingdom. While the hit "Roxanne" had finally put them in the limelight, the real success for this band began with the song "Message In A Bottle" hit the air. Millions of fans loved the album and the single soared to the top of the charts. The Police were at the top and will always be remembered for their unique and pop, jazz sounds.
Music lovers of today still have a place in their heart for Sting the Rock Band. Sumner tours all over the globe and fans from young and old know his name. Making sure you get a chance to hear him play live will always be a treasured memory for anyone who enjoys his awesome voice and awesome personality.
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Royals take morning walk with visiting Indonesian President
By Siti Hajar
In his second visit after being elected into office in 2004, Indonesian state leader, President Dato Laila Utama Dr Haji Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono joined His Majesty the Sultan and Yang Di-Pertuan of Brunei Darussalam for an early morning walk at the Tasek Lama Recreational Park in the capital yesterday morning.
In an iconic gesture of Bruneian hospitality, His Majesty greeted the president upon his arrival at the park, where visitors were quick to extend a warm 'good morning' to His Majesty and the visiting president.
His Majesty and President Yudhoyono, as well as His Royal Highness Prince Haji Al-Muhtadee Billah, the Crown Prince and Senior Minister at the Prime Minister's Office, as well as His Royal Highness Prince Mohamed Bolkiah, Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade, were then escorted to a platform stationed just beyond the park's entrance for a quick warm-up.
During the 20-minute brisk walk, the monarch and the president greeted members of the public who were also there to take in the morning atmosphere.
As with a few other state figures who have been to Tasek Lama during state visits, the Indonesian president was given the opportunity to contribute to Brunei's lush greenery.
With His Majesty nearby, the president planted his own Merbujok (jirak) tree as witnessed by dozens of government officials from both countries.
Prior to ending the refreshing morning, His Majesty the Sultan, President Yudhoyono, His Royal Highness the Crown Prince and His Royal Highness Prince Mohamed Bolkiah enjoyed breakfast facing the scenic waterfall at the end of Tasek Lama.
They were joined by Indonesia's State Secretariat Minister as well as Indonesia's Minister of Foreign Affairs.
During his stay here, President Yudhoyono witnessed the signing of a Memorandum of Understanding carried out by respective country representatives towards enhancing cooperation in the fields of agriculture as well as fisheries.
His Majesty, during a bilateral meeting held at Istana Nurul Iman, also invited Indonesia's National Armed Forces to participate in this year's Brunei International Defence Exhibition (BRIDEX), the Brunei International Tattoo and Fleet Review in conjunction with the Royal Brunei Armed Forces Golden Jubilee.
The Indonesian president, meanwhile, also encouraged the Brunei government to increase investments in various industries in Indonesia such as the prospects of renewable energy. - Borneo Bulletin (26th February 2011)