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text:
\section{Introduction}

Computer audition is the general study of the systems and methods necessary for audio understanding by a machine. In a sense, computer audition concerns itself with the study of designing computers that can ``hear'' as humans do. The goal is a machine that can ``organize what they hear; learn names for recognizable objects, actions, events, places, musical styles, instruments, and speakers; and retrieve sounds by reference to those names." \cite{lyon}

In this paper, we focus on the first two tasks. Given a musical recording, how can we train a system to identify the instruments that are present? We present an application of deep learning for the task of automatic musical instrument identification in polyphonic music. We show that an end-to-end system using convolutional neural networks trained on raw audio can surpasses traditional MIR models trained using hand-crafted features.

\subsection{Relation to Previous Work}

In a paper calling for the adoption of deep architectures in MIR,\cite{da} describe traditional MIR methods as follows:

\begin{quote}

The traditional approaches to these problems are rather homogeneous, adopting a two-stage architecture of feature extraction and semantic interpretation, e.g. classification, regression, clustering, similarity ranking, etc. Feature representations are predominantly hand-crafted,drawing upon significant domain-knowledge from music theory or psychoacoustics.

\end{quote}

Since good features are hard to craft, much of the recent research in the MIR community has concerned itself with the semantic interpretation part of the problem i.e. training better models given a set of standard audio features (e.g. Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients or chroma)\cite{da}.

In this paper, we depart from the traditional MIR approach. Using convolutional neural networks, we train a model using raw audio as input. We utilize a deep architecture where feature extraction \emph{and} semantic interpretation can both be learned from data directly.

This approach to audio signal processing has been explored before in speech processing e.g., \cite{ron} and musical audio tagging \cite{sander}. However, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first application of deep learning to source identification.

\begin{figure*}[!ht]
\label{cnnLayer}
  \begin{tabular}{@{} c@{ } c@{ } c@{ } c@{} @{ } @{ } c@{ } c@{ } c@{ } c@{ }}
    \includegraphics[height=0.1\linewidth]{convolution}&
    \includegraphics[height=0.1\linewidth]{pooling}&
    \includegraphics[height=0.1\linewidth]{nonlin}\\[-0.8em] \\
    a) Convolution & b) Pooling & c) Non-Linearity\\[0.8em]
  \end{tabular}
  \caption{Common ConvNet Layers}
\end{figure*}

\begin{figure*}[!ht]
\label{cnnArch}
    \begin{center}
		\includegraphics[scale=0.3]{convnet_pl}
		\caption{Sample ConvNet Architecture}
	\end{center}
\end{figure*}

\section{Problem Definition}

Before going into the details of our work, we give a formal definition of our task: \\
\\
Given a section of audio $x$, we would like to predict a vector $y \in \{0,1\}^l$ where $l$ is the total number of instruments and

  \begin{equation*}
    y_{i}=
    \begin{cases}
      1, & \text{if}\ \text{instrument} \ i \text{ is in } x \\
      0, & \text{otherwise}
    \end{cases}
  \end{equation*}

We treat this as a multi-label classification problem where each label corresponds to an instrument. A model should output 1 if an instrument is present and 0 otherwise.

\section{Model}

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) \cite{ConvNet} can be seen as a trainable feature extractor coupled with a learning model. Generally, they are know to be good at extracting high level features that represent abstract concepts from the original data. A typical model contains multiple layers of modules, where each module performs a simple data transformation. In Figure 1, we show a few common operations on a general matrix input. In a convolution layer, a filter, whose weights are learned, is convolved with its input by taking point-wise multiplication and then summing the results. Pooling is a down-sampling operation that combines nearby points. Non-linearities are applied point wise. In Figure 2, we show a sample model architecture.  Each of the first two layers contains a convolution, pooling, and non-linearity operation. The final two layers are a fully connected neural network.

Hyper-parameters of the system include the number of layers and feature maps, convolution filter size, pooling size and which non-linear activation function to use. The choice of activation functions usually include the sigmoid function, hyperbolic tangent function and more recently Rectified Linear Unit (ReLU)\cite{dropout}. \\

\noindent\textbf{Model Architecture}\\

Our convolutional neural network contains three temporal convolutional layers (a convolution operation where the height of the filter is the height of the input) with ReLU and max pooling. These three layers are followed by two fully connected layers with ReLU and Dropout on the first layer and a sigmoid after the the second fully connected layer.  This gives us a $11 \times 1$ vector $\hat{y}$ where each $\hat{y_i}\in[0,1]$. These predicted activations are compared to training activations using a binary cross entropy loss function. The exact model Specifications are presented in Table 1.

\begin{table}[h]
\label{convnet_spec}
\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{llll}
\multicolumn{1}{c}{\bf Parameter}  &\multicolumn{1}{c}{\bf }
\\ \hline \\
\verb!Convolution Feature Maps 1!            &256\\
\verb!Convolution Filter Size 1!         &3101\\
\verb!Maxpooling Stride Size 1!            &20\\
\verb!Maxpooling Size 1!            &40\\
\verb!Convolution Feature Maps 2!            &384\\
\verb!Convolution Filter Size 2!         &300\\
\verb!Maxpooling Size 2!            &30\\
\verb!Maxpooling Stride Size 2!            &20\\
\verb!Convolution Feature Maps 3!            &384\\
\verb!Convolution Filter Size 3!         &20\\
\verb!Maxpooling Size 3!            &8\\
\verb!Maxpooling Stride Size 3!            &4\\
\verb!Layer 4 Output Size!             &400\\
\verb!Final Output Size!           &11\\
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
\caption{ConvNet Specifications}
\end{table}

\section{Experiments}

\subsection{Data and Setup}
We trained and evaluated our model using data from MedleDB \cite{MedleyDB}. MedleyDB is a multitrack dataset of 122 annotated musical recordings. For each song we have three types of audio content: mix, stems, and raw audio. Mixed audio is comprised of a set of stems and stems are comprised of a mix of raw audio. Since MedleyDB was primarily created to support research on melody extraction, we had to create our own labels for model training. In the follow sections, we outline our procedure.

For each stem, we have annotations on instrument activation that represent the confidence of whether or not the instrument is active during that time frame. These annotations were generated using a standard envelope following technique on each stem, consisting of half-wave rectification, compression, smoothing, and down-sampling. For additional details see \cite{MedleyDB}.\\

\noindent\textbf{Dataset Split} \\

To train our model, we sliced individual tracks into one second, non-overlapping clips. 80\% of the clips were used for model training and the remaining 20\% were reserved for testing. When splitting the data, there were two main considerations. First, we didn't want to have labels that were in the test set but not in the training set. Second, we didn't want to have clips belonging to the same track in both the test and training sets.

To address both issues at the same time, we use the algorithm in \cite{datasplit} to split the 122 mixed tracks into a training and test set based on the instruments that appear in each track. After the initial split, we cut each track into one second non-overlapping clips. This gives us our final training and test sets. Because tracks vary in length, after cutting into one second clips, the training and test set have 21177 and 4985 clips respectively.\\

\noindent \textbf{Label Generation}\\

To train our model, we need labels indicating whether or not an instrument appears in the entire audio clip. However, the activation confidence scores from MedleyDB provide local information i.e, activations at each point in time. To convert this to a global label for the entire clip, we take the maximum of the moving average of the activation confidences. An instrument is considered active in a clip as long as its average activation confidence exceeds a threshold over a particular window. For our experiment, we chose a windows length of 100ms and a threshold of 0.5. Figure  3 shows an example of this procedure.

\begin{figure}[htbp]
\label{activation}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[height=0.5\linewidth]{instAct}\\
\caption{Label Generation Procedure}

\end{center}
\end{figure}

The activation annotations cover 82 instrument. We grouped these instruments into 70 categories. To simplify model training and to have a more balanced dataset for learning, we combined all categories appearing in less than 20 songs into an `OTHER' category. This gives us 11 classes for classification:

    \vspace{-0.3cm}

    \begin{multicols}{2}
    		\noindent $\bullet$ electric bass\\
    		$\bullet$ acoustic guitar\\
    		$\bullet$ synthesizer\\
    		$\bullet$ drum set\\
    		$\bullet$ fx/processed sound\\
    		\columnbreak
    		$\bullet$ voice\\
    		$\bullet$ violin\\
    		$\bullet$ piano\\
    		$\bullet$ distorted electric guitar\\
    		$\bullet$ clean electric guitar\\
    		$\bullet$ OTHER
	\end{multicols}

\subsection{CNN Training}

\begin{table*}[ht]
\label{exp_res}
\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{lllllll}
\multicolumn{1}{c}{\bf Models}  &\multicolumn{1}{c}{\bf Accuracy} &\multicolumn{1}{c}{\bf Exact Match} &\multicolumn{1}{c}{\bf Precision} &\multicolumn{1}{c}{\bf Recall} &\multicolumn{1}{c}{\bf F-micro} &\multicolumn{1}{c}{\bf F -macro}
\\ \hline \\
\verb!Audio + CNN!         &\textbf{82.74}\%&\textbf{25.78}\%&0.7560&\textbf{0.6888}&\textbf{0.7208}&\textbf{0.6433} \\
\verb!MFCC + Random Forest!      &82.13\%&17.53\%&\textbf{0.7908}&0.5400&0.6418&0.4471 \\
\verb!MFCC + Logistic Regression!      &81.80\%&18.17\%&0.7457&0.5857&0.6561&0.4840 \\
\verb!Predict Majority Class!     &70.37\%&9.95\%&0.5001&0.4602&0.4793&0.1801 \\
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
\caption{Experiment Results}
\end{table*}

Our CNN was trained using stochastic gradient descent with a batch size of 16. To speed up training time, we transformed inputs using global contrast normalization. This is a standard preprocessing step and has been show to speed up training time. \cite{efficientbp}.

\subsection{Benchmarks}

For comparison, we also ran tests using more traditional MIR techniques. In the benchmarks, we use domain knowledge to construct music related features. For each audio clip, we first computed the Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCC) along with the first and second order differences, MFCC $\Delta$ and $\Delta^2$. These three matricies where stacked and modelled using a Gaussian distribution \cite{Logan}.

\begin{equation*}
\quad
\begin{pmatrix}
MFCC\\
MFCC\Delta\\
MFCC\Delta^2
\end{pmatrix}
\quad = \quad\begin{pmatrix}
\vert &  & \vert \\
m_1 & \hdots & m_T \\
\vert &  & \vert \\
\end{pmatrix}
\quad,
\end{equation*}
where $m_i \sim N(\mu, \Sigma)$

$(\mu, \Sigma)$ were used as features to train a random forest and logistic regression.

\subsection{Experiment Results}

The results of our experiments are shown in Table 2.  In addition to the random forest and logistic regression, we also provide a naive benchmark that always predicts the three most common instruments in the training set. As seen, the Audio + CNN model generally outperforms the baseline models.

\section{Discussion}

Convolutional neural networks have recently show remarkable results in a number of tasks. However, it is often times difficult to intuitively understand what they are doing and why they work. In this section, we make an attempt at examining the weights learned in the first convolutional layer. This sections follows the procedures of previous works in training CNN's on audio waveforms and confirms previous findings.

Examining the filter weights learned in the first layer, we see that the model does seem to learn a set of frequency selective filters. In Figure 4, we plot the magnitude spectra of each filter, sorted by dominant frequency. Similar to results in \cite{sander} and \cite{ron}, the first convolutional layer seems to learn an auditory scale filter bank.

\begin{figure}[h]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=\columnwidth]{filterResponse}\\
\caption{Rescaled magnitude spectra sorted by dominant frequency. The spectra of each filter was rescaled to [0,1] by subtracting the minimum and dividing by the range. }
\end{center}
\end{figure}

In Figure 5, we show a sample of filters learned in the first layer. As in \cite{sander} many of the learned filters are translated versions of each other. This is not necessary surprising since phase invariance is most likely difficult learn given our architecture.

\begin{figure}[h]
\label{activation}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=\columnwidth]{filter}\\
\caption{Sample of filters learned in the first layer.Filters were low pass filtered to remove noise.}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

\section{Conclusion and Future Work}

We present a convolutional neural network for instrument identification. We show that an end-to-end deep learning system can be trained to achieve performance in line with (and sometimes exceeding) traditional methods that rely on extensive domain knowledge.

In future work, we will investigate methods to further understand the transformations made by the CNN. Additionally, we would like to explore different architecture that may be able to learn phase and translation invariance.

\subsubsection*{Code}

Code for this project can be found on \\ https://github.com/glennq/instrument-recognition.

\vfill
\pagebreak

\bibliographystyle{IEEEbib}
\clearpage

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


We provide strategic expertise to building owners, developers, and landlords to maximize their asset awareness, lease and sale activity, rental rates, occupancy, and overall investment value.
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Tenancy mix and pricing strategy.
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Strategic marketing plan and financial review.
Advertising & marketing campaign through various media; billboard, hoarding, website, brochures, flyers, e-mail.
Know the active occupiers/tenants and current market trend then bring them to you.


text:
Die Großstadt Badajoz ist mit ihren  Einwohnern (Stand ) die Hauptstadt der Provinz Badajoz in der Autonomen Region Extremadura im Südwesten Spaniens. Badajoz ist Bischofssitz und Universitätsstadt.

Lage und Klima
Die Großstadt Badajoz liegt nahe der Grenze zu Portugal am Río Guadiana am Westrand des südlichen Teils der Iberischen Hochebene (meseta) in einer Höhe von ca. . Die historisch bedeutsame Stadt Mérida befindet sich ca. 65 km (Fahrtstrecke) östlich; bis nach Madrid sind es knapp 400 km in nordöstlicher Richtung. Das Klima ist gemäßigt bis warm; Regen (ca. 520 mm/Jahr) fällt überwiegend im Winterhalbjahr.

Bevölkerungsentwicklung

Das kontinuierliche Bevölkerungswachstum entwickelte sich auf dem Hintergrund der zunehmenden Mechanisierung der Landwirtschaft, der Aufgabe bäuerlicher Kleinbetriebe und dem daraus entstandenen Mangel an Arbeitsplätzen auf dem Lande (Landflucht).

Ortsteile
Zu Badajoz gehören die Ortsteile: Alcazaba, Alvarado, Balboa, Gévora, Novelda del Guadiana, Sagrajas, Valdebótoa und Villafranco del Guadiana. Guadiana del Caudillo gehörte ebenfalls zu Badajoz, ist jedoch seit dem 17. Februar 2012 eine selbstständige Gemeinde.

Geschichte
Die Stadt wurde um 875 von dem galicischen Muslim Ibn Marwan in Rivalität zu Mérida gegründet und war unter seinen Nachfolgern Hauptstadt eines die spanische Extremadura sowie im 11. Jahrhundert auch fast ganz Portugal umfassenden Emirates unter der Herrschaft der Aftasiden (siehe auch Taifa-Königreich). Der arabische Name der Stadt lautete . 1094 wurde die Stadt von den Almoraviden erobert. Nachdem Badajoz 1168 den Mauren durch Alfons I. von Portugal, diesem aber wieder durch Ferdinand von León entrissen worden war, wurde es 1230 durch Alfons IX. von León den Mauren dauerhaft abgenommen.

Als ein Schlüssel zu Portugal spielte Badajoz auch in der Neuzeit öfters eine wichtige Rolle. Es wurde 1660 vergeblich von den Portugiesen belagert. Im Oktober 1705 wurde Badajoz im Zuge des Spanischen Erbfolgekrieges von den Truppen des Marquis de Minas belagert. Die Belagerung musste am 16. Oktober aufgegeben werden, nachdem der französische Heerführer Claude François Bidal, 1er marquis d'Asfeld den Einschließungsring massiv bedrängt hatte.

In Badajoz wurde am 6. Juni 1801 zwischen Spanien und Portugal Friede geschlossen. Am 31. Mai 1808 brach hier der Aufstand gegen Napoleon Bonaparte aus. Im Napoleonischen Krieg auf der Iberischen Halbinsel wurde Badajoz am 28. Januar 1811 durch 17000 Franzose unter Soult belagert und am 11. Februar das Kronenwerk Pardaleras durch einen Überfall genommen. Ein Entsatzheer wurde am 19. Februar an der Gebora geschlagen, woraufhin die Festung am 9. März kapitulierte. Hierauf wurde Badajoz dreimal durch die Engländer belagert. Zum ersten Mal geschah dies nach der Eroberung von Olivenza am 16. April 1811, doch musste, da Soult zum Entsatz anrückte, die Belagerung am 14. Mai aufgehoben werden; zum zweiten Mal vom 25. Mai bis 16. Juni 1811, doch ebenfalls vergebens. Vom 16. März bis 6. April 1812 fand zum dritten Mal eine Belagerung von Badajoz statt, als die französische Garnison von einem britisch-portugiesischen Heer unter Führung von Arthur Wellesley belagert und nach Verlust von etwa 5.000 Mann auf britischer Seite schließlich eingenommen und geplündert wurde.

Im spanischen Bürgerkrieg wurde nach der Schlacht von Badajoz eine nicht bekannte Anzahl von Republikanern durch die Truppen von General Franco in der alten Stierkampf-Arena erschossen und direkt daneben verscharrt.

Sehenswürdigkeiten

Die alte Stierkampf-Arena an der Ronda de Pilar ist nun in ein modernes Kongresszentrum umgebaut worden, das zu Beginn des Jahres 2007 fertiggestellt wurde. Es steht im Kontrast zu den Resten der alten Stadtmauer, die sich direkt an das Gebäude anfügen. Die neue Stierkampf-Arena befindet sich nur wenige hundert Meter davon entfernt und zieht im Sommer – in der Stierkampf-Saison – viele Menschen an.

Das Stadtbild prägen noch heute eine maurische Alcazaba und eine Kathedrale im gotisch-romanischen Stil (erbaut nach der christlichen Eroberung 1230 bis ins 16. Jahrhundert).

Veranstaltungen
Zweimal im Jahr findet die Veranstaltung Mira al Guadiana am Fluss Guadiana statt. Es werden Malwettbewerbe (Concurso de Pintura al Aire Libre) durchgeführt, wobei entweder Szenen am Fluss oder Eindrücke der Stadt auf die Leinwand gebracht werden. Die Siegerehrung findet am Ende des Tages statt. Das Sieger-Bild wird im Rathaus an der Plaza de España aufgehängt.

Am Rande der Stadt befindet sich Lusiberia, ein Freizeitbad. Neben der Anlage findet auf freiem Feld Ende Juni die Feria de San Juan statt, ein Jahrmarkt mit den üblichen Attraktionen.

Söhne und Töchter der Stadt

 Pedro de Alvarado (um 1486–1541), Conquistador
 Juan Vásquez (um 1500 – nach 1560), Komponist
 Luis de Moscoso (1505–1551), Conquistador
 Luis de Morales (* um 1509; † 1586), spanischer Maler
 Pedro Melo de Portugal y Villena (1733–1797), Vizekönig des Río de la Plata
 Manuel de Godoy (1767–1851), Staatsmann
 Carlos Márquez Rodríguez (1791–1878), Politiker
 Gabino Tejado y Rodríguez (1819–1891), Journalist und Schriftsteller
 Vicente Barrantes (1829–1898), Schriftsteller
 Enrique Díez-Canedo (1879–1944), Schriftsteller
 Arturo Barea (1897–1957), Schriftsteller
 Manuel Muñoz Cortés (1915–2000), Romanist, Linguist und Hispanist
 Luis Alcoriza (1918–1992), mexikanischer Filmregisseur und Drehbuchautor spanischer Herkunft
 Olga Ramos (1918–2005), Chansonsängerin
 Adelardo Rodríguez (* 1939), Fußballspieler
 Manuel De Blas (* 1941), Schauspieler
 Rosa Morena (1941–2019), Popsängerin und Schauspielerin
 María del Pilar Ayuso González (* 1942), Politikerin
 Cristina Almeida (* 1944), Rechtsanwältin und Politikerin
 Adelaida García Morales (1945–2014), Schriftstellerin
 Juancho Pérez (* 1974), Handballspieler
 Guadalupe Porras Ayuso (* 1987), Fußballschiedsrichterassistentin

Einzelnachweise

Weblinks

 Lusiberia
 Website der Stadtverwaltung
 Museumsführer Extremadura Badajoz

Ort in der Extremadura
Provinzhauptstadt in Spanien

Hochschul- oder Universitätsstadt in Spanien
Gegründet im 9. Jahrhundert

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text:
Merete Riisager Appointed Danish Swimming Director
The Danish Swimming Union has announced that Merete Riisager will be taking over as director, filling a role that has been vacant since February 2020. Stock photo via stock
November 27th, 2020 Europe, International, News
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The Danish Swimming Union has announced that Merete Riisager will be taking over as director, filling a role that has been vacant since February 2020.
As we reported in March of this year, Morten Hinnerup had been appointed as the replacement director for Pia Holmen who had resigned from the position, The decision was announced by Board of Directors chairman Lars Jørgensen as he issued an apology for the practice of public weighing carried out by national team coaches Mark Regan and Paulus Wildeboer from 2003-2012.
Riisager's directorship will become effective January 2021, with the 44-year-old having been a swimmer herself. Professionally, the mother of two's resume boasts having been a member of Parliament 2011-2019, as well as the Minister of Education 2016-2019.
Jorgensen states of Riisager's appointment, "We have found a profile that can further develop the workaround association life, volunteering and civil society. I am sure that the strategic, sports policy work targeted at our most important partners will be a field that our new director will embrace.
"The Danish Swimming Union handles many different tasks, from the social responsibility to teach Danes to swim over water safety on the Danish beaches with the coastal lifesaving service to our world-class national team setup. In addition, there are also the smaller sports such as artistic swimming, water polo and jumping and further development of our major events. There is plenty to be done. We on the board are sure that we, with Merete Riisager on the team, have a really strong profile that matches the tasks."
Riisager said of her appointment, "I am very much looking forward to joining as director of the Danish Swimming Union and working for all the members and the volunteers. Swimming provides joy, health, experiences and community for both children and adults, and it's hard to imagine a better place where I can put my energy.
"I want to create even better conditions for the many people who spend hours in their sport and who help as volunteers."
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Mireia Belmonte Entered In Open Castalia Olympic-Qualifier »

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Agricultural production programs focus on the economics, general planning, and use of facilities, equipment, labor, natural resources, and capital required to produce animal and plant products. These programs are designed to help prepare students to work in ranching, farming, forestry, and agribusiness. Just a few of the many careers available to graduates with a degree in agricultural production include Animal Breeder, Aquaculturist, Equine Operator, Farm Manager, Farmer, Feedlot Manager, Forest Manager, Fruit and Vegetable Grower, Greenhouse Manager, Nursery Manager and Operator, Rancher, Seed Producer, Tree Farmer, Turf Producer, and Viticulturist.
One of the best aspects of earning a degree in agricultural production are the job opportunities that abound upon graduation. It's estimated that there are approximately 8,000 new job opportunities in agricultural production each year compared to the 7,000 graduates with the education and skill sets required to fill these positions. In short, there are more job openings than there are candidates to fill them. In fact, over 16% of all new positions available each year to college graduates are in industries (food, agriculture, natural resoure systems, etc.) relating to agricultural and forestry production.
Historically, careers in agricultural production were for traditional ranchers, farmers, and herd managers. However, as this industry has and continues to consolidate, there will be fewer and fewer opportunities for those involved in the production of traditional commodities such as corn, wheat, cotton, soybeans, hogs, cattle, and other livestock. More opportunity will exist in industries relating to fruits and vegetables, landscape horticultural crops, and other specialty crops. Agricultural production professionals who are able to capture niche markets and sell products and services directly to consumers are likely to find the greatest opportunities.
It's estimated that 90% of all agricultural and forestry production positions will be filled by graduates who've completed an advanced degree in agriculture and natural resources. All remaining positions will be filled by professionals with degrees in various allied fields including biological sciences, applied technologies and business.
The following colleges and universities provide majors and degree programs in Agricultural Production.


My name is Emma. I live in Nairobi. I have been a creative child all my life ..the one who was always stealing my mom's needle set. I make tasteful customised Ankara cards for every occasion..Trust me...once you gift one to someone, they'll remind you of the craziest first-times just so they can have something to celebrate and you can send them another card..


text:
LatestNation
BREAKING NEWS:PPDA Chair chides DG, staff
CHILAPONDWA: Accused of leaking information
Public Procurement and Disposal of Assets Authority (PPDA) Board Chairman has chided his secretariat staff including the Director General Edington Chilapondwa for 'leaking' information after the board declined to approve a 'No objection' application for a government department recently.
In an email to Chilapondwa and secretariat staff, PPDA Board Chairman John Suzi Banda, a lawyer by profession, said he was disappointed that members of the secretariat leaked the decision of the board which declined the 'No objection' application.
"Last night I received some information that seemed to suggest that some of the discussions which took place at our Tuesday's meeting in Salima regarding our decision whether to approve a certain application or seek further clarification from the applying PDE were leaked. Now, there's a difference between going back to the PDE and stating that the Board wants this or that clarified and saying 'the Chairman was angry with your application!' Surely! C'mon!"
"It is not my intention to pursue this matter further. I think that as an institution we're already dealing with more important and critical issues requiring our urgent and total focus and concentration. We mustn't allow ourselves to be derailed with this. For the record, the leakage came from the Secretariat. Let's do better, folks," reads the email in part.
Suzi Banda said as Chairman of the Board, he gets all sorts of enquiries, calls, demands, ill-conceived 'instructions', even threats regarding some of the issues being handled by the PPDA.
SUZI BANDA: Has faulted the DG
"These come from all manner of people – interest groups, NGOs, senior politicians, senior government officers, suppliers and some 'hired guns'. I have shared with some of you these challenges. It has always been my modus operandi to ensure total professional independence of everyone involved in the approval process (which seems to be the one area of most interest to many) – this is from the analyzing desk officers, their immediate supervisors, the DG and each and every member of the Board."
Suzi Banda therefore motivates his charges that his board is out to work and send the right message by remaining professional and respecting the law.
"As I have said before, this professional independence and open and transparent debate deepens our engagement of issues before us and enriches the quality of our decisions," said Suzi Banda.
"However, this is only possible if everyone engages on issues without fearing that their personal position on an issue shall leak out. It's just not the right way to manage ourselves. Irrespective of the constant pressures from all manner of people, some of us have taken the default position that either 'the Secretariat will analyze and give us their view' or 'that the Board shall discuss and revert with its position' and, of course, 'I stand by the analysis given'."
"When such a decision is made, it is then up to me, as the leader, to explain to those that are entitled to any explanation. This is probably the worst and perhaps the most risky part of my 'job description'. But I suppose it comes with the territory. There's, therefore, no reason that any member of the Executive should feel pressured to explain anything to anyone," advised Suzi Banda.
"In short, let's de-risk the approval process from foreign contamination (either from political pressures, financial interests or whosoever) by refusing to draw a sharp focus on anyone by singling them out for their position on an issue. Don't feel pressured to do this. I too deal with those pressures every day! It's simply the nature of the beast! Let's get back to work!" said Suzi Banda in the email.
How long will Martha Chizuma be protected as Semi-god?
Chilima's busy week in USA


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LAMA SING: When the many come to the forefront stating, "Yea, I believe Father! And I celebrate Thee and my uniqueness with You," then there shall come to pass that time wherein the choices will be made by the many to determine whether they shall cling to the habit, cling to the experiences that are so familiar and, therefore, comforting; or whether they choose to break Free.
Some of you will dream dreams. Others will have visions. Some of you will hear guidance from beyond. Others will feel the energies of God flowing in a new way, and that new way is as so to be reborn or born again.


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Q: Expected type utf8 for Argument 'sql' but got type 'object' I'm trying a GNOME JavsScript tutorial, that seems not to work in its original version.
  var gdaStrConn = Gda.Connection.open_from_string("SQLite", "DB_DIR=" + GLib.get_home_dir () + ";DB_NAME=gnome_demo", null, 0);
  print('Connected');
  gdaStrConn.execute_non_select_command (this.connection, 'create table demo (id integer, name varchar(100))');

The documentation for the function execute_non_select_command, says:
gint                gda_connection_execute_non_select_command
                                                        (GdaConnection *cnc,
                                                         const gchar *sql,
                                                         GError **error);
This is a convenience function to execute a SQL command over the opened connection. For the returned value, see gda_connection_statement_execute_non_select()'s documentation.

cnc : an opened connection
sql : a query statement that must not begin with "SELECT"
error : a place to store errors, or NULL
Returns : the number of rows affected or -1, or -2

Now I get the following error.:
(gjs:25295): Gjs-WARNING **: JS ERROR: Error: Expected type utf8 for Argument 'sql' but got type 'object'

Why I get that error, cause the sql param is a string: 'create table demo (id integer, name varchar(100))'?
What is wrong with that call?

A: On line 3 omit the first argument in your function, so the line would look like this:
gdaStrConn.execute_non_select_command ('create table demo (id integer, name varchar(100))');

I don't know why this works, just learning gjs myself.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Shares of gold mining stocks Goldcorp (NYSE: GG), Eldorado Gold (NYSE: EGO), and Yamana Gold (NYSE: AUY) rose 14%, 20%, and 30%, respectively, in January, according to data from S&P Global Market Intelligence.
With the price of gold climbing 3.46% in January, it comes as little surprise that all three mining stocks also rose last month. In all three cases, however, investors were moved to pick up shares for reasons that outshine a rise in the price of the metal. Let's dig in deeper and see what other forces were at play.
In one of the gold industry's most notable news stories last month, Goldcorp announced that it had entered into a definitive agreement with Newmont Mining (NYSE: NEM) in which Newmont will acquire all outstanding shares of Goldcorp's common stock in a deal valued at $10 billion. Newmont will acquire each Goldcorp share for 0.3280 of a Newmont share, representing a 17% premium based on the companies' 20-day volume weighted average share prices. The transaction is expected to close in the second quarter of 2019 and has already been approved by both companies' boards of directors.
Over the next two years, the newly formed entity, Newmont Goldcorp, is targeting divestitures of $1 billion to $1.5 billion in an attempt to optimize gold production and achieve a consistent annual level of 6 million to 7 million ounces. For some context, Newmont and Goldcorp reported gold production of 5.3 million ounces and 2.6 million ounces, respectively, in 2017. According to the company's press release, the transaction is expected to generate up to $100 million in annual pre-tax synergies.
Investors also responded favorably to Goldcorp's announcement of its preliminary Q4 2018 earnings and its 2019 outlook. Exceeding its guidance, Goldcorp achieved Q4 gold production of 630,000 ounces, and it expects to report all-in sustaining costs (AISC) for 2018 of $850 per gold ounce, which is in line with guidance. In the coming year, Goldcorp expects to achieve gold equivalent production of 3.3 million ounces to 3.7 million ounces -- an increase over the 3 million ounces it expects to report for 2018; moreover, it forecasts 2019 AISC per gold ounce between $750 and $850.
Shrugging off Eldorado's mid-January announcement of its 2018 gold production and preliminary cash costs, investors responded to the company's update on the Kisladag gold mine in Turkey as well as its gold production and financial guidance for 2019. In Q1 2018, Eldorado's management chose to suspend operations at Kisladag so it could examine processing options. After several months of evaluation, management decided to advance a mill project at Kisladag, and according to the company's press release, since the advancement of the mill project, "gold recovery from the leach pad increasingly exceeded expectations." Moreover, management believes that the resumption of mining and heap leaching at Kisladag will provide the company with the flexibility to shore up its balance sheet in 2019.
Regarding the company's three-year outlook, management guided for gold production in each of the next three years to be higher than the 349,147 ounces it achieved in 2018, and AISC lower than the $990 per gold ounce, which it booked in 2018. From 2019 to 2021, Eldorado foresees average annual gold production between 420,000 and 450,000 ounces, and it forecasts average annual AISC per gold ounce between $867 and $967.
Rushing to pick up shares in the second half of the month, investors celebrated Yamana Gold's mid-January presentation, which provided preliminary financial figures for 2018 and a glittering glimpse into 2019.
According to management, the company will report gold equivalent ounces (GEO) production that exceeds expectations. Whereas management had originally guided for GEO production of 1.013 million ounces, it now expects to report GEO production of 1.041 million ounces -- a 16.7% increase over the 892,000 ounces that it reported in 2017. And thanks to improved efficiencies at Chapada in Brazil and other mine sites, management expects to generate a wider margin. While the company reported AISC of $827 per GEO in 2017, management forecast AISC of $725 to $745 for 2018.
Transitioning to the days ahead, Yamana provided additional cause for investors to rejoice. Management forecast GEO production of 1.08 million ounces and 1.15 million ounces in 2019 and 2020, respectively. Cerro Moro in Argentina, the company's newest mine, is operating at a better-than-expected level. According to management's presentation, in Q3 2018, Cerro Moro achieved "production run-rates already at levels needed to meet guidance for 2018 and 2019, and also with costs below the levels guided for both years."
It comes as no surprise that many gold mining stocks jumped in January with the rising price of the metal. For Goldcorp, however, the stock's rise is closely tied to news of the pending transaction with Newmont -- a deal that the company believes will result in the formation of the "world's leading gold company."
Regarding Eldorado, investors should hardly interpret the stock's movement as an indication that it's attractive, for the ambiguity surrounding the company's Skouries mine in Greece remains a valid concern.


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Four Systems for Beating Back Enterprise Infection
The proliferation of viruses has brought a terrible curse upon users, servers, and corporate officials alike. Coincidentally, as this article went to press, the ILOVEYOU virus was running wild. Wouldn't it be nice if an anti-virus program could take away all that pain? This review attempts to answer that question for four products: Sophos Inc.'s Sophos Anti-Virus, Symantec Corp.'s Norton AntiVirus, Trend Micro Inc.'s NeaTSuite, and McAfee Corp.'s Active Virus Defense Security Suite.
When testing these products, we were interested in a few areas of each product, but we focused on several key product abilities: ease of management; notification abilities; automatic updating; and how well clients were managed.
One aspect of the anti-virus software we could not test satisfactorily, oddly enough, was the detection process itself. Every vendor we contacted, including ICSA, declined to participate with sample viruses of the most current types and formats due to liability and security concerns. Word and Excel macro viruses were available and were easily detected, but we were really interested in the more malicious invaders; the ones that cause the most havoc.
We settled for innocuous viruses like macro changes and ancillary tricks, such as changing the boot records and resetting it back to simulate what a virus might do to harm a computer. In our test lab we were limited to 13 clients and four servers for the test bed. While this is not sufficient to prove or rate each product's ability in a true enterprise setting, it did allow us to gauge each product's ability to work in a client/server environment.
To perform the review, we set up a network of Windows NT Servers, Windows 9x clients, and one NetWare server. We installed this test scenario on a permanent DSL connection to the Internet to test protection across such environments, as well as to test automatic updates.
All clients were Intel PCs based on Pentium 166-MHz computers with 64 MB of memory -- some with Celeron 433 MHz and 128 MB of memory, and two laptops from Toshiba. The NT Servers were Pentium II units with 384 MB of memory and plenty of disk space. The NetWare server was comparably equipped.
All of these devices were interconnected via a Cisco switched network platform, and routed across a private network with a proxy server, and then out to the Internet. We watched traffic as it passed along this path so we could see how the software detected activity.
While not known as one of the big boys of anti-viral software, Sophos Anti-Virus installs simply and operates like a full-featured enterprise scale product. We put it on our NT Server so we could install it to our clients. This was made possible by the creation of a network share accessible by the clients. We also created a script that would do the job when the user logged onto the network.
The product is capable of three modes of operation: networked mode, for installation on the servers; distributed mode, where the InterCheck client and server are loaded and executed on the desktop; and client/server mode, in which the user loads the product when logging on to the server. We tested both client/server and distributed. Both worked flawlessly.
The product is a client/server operation, which provides a wealth of functionality. The InterCheck server performs the centralized duties of signature maintenance and notifications to the responsible administrators. The InterCheck client does the work at the desktop level, and did so without flaw.
We configured the product to log notifications to event logs, e-mail, and messaging via the desktop. All worked as expected, except for the e-mail notices. The product has e-mail scanning capabilities, which could cause the loss of e-mail, and hence notifications, if only e-mail notices were set up for the administrator.
For such an organized product, however, it lacks an auto-update facility. As often as new viruses arrive on the scene, signature updates can often be turned out just a few days apart. If you were on a trip for several days, you may not be able to protect yourself from fast-paced new virus updates.
Other than this issue, we found the product to be adequate, but it lags in depth and distribution of the updates to clients compared with the other reviewed products. It would significantly benefit from an Internet update and distribution tool.
NeaTSuite
Trend Micro's NeatTSuite is unique in that it covers the enterprise with a PC-based anti-virus product, but it excels at protecting the enterprise from Internet-borne intruders. We were pleasantly surprised at the depth of issues NeaTSuite covers: content, HTTP traffic, and firewall services such as proxies via a product called VirusWall.
When we installed NeaTSuite, it was surprising how easy it was to pick and choose which products were needed from simple PC protection up to the most complex server operations. The suite is broken down into five major components. Control System is a Web-based management tool set used to manage the network installation from a single point of control. InterScan VirusWall monitors and protects Internet gateways. ServerProtect serves as a single- or multiple-network server protection. OfficeScan provides client desktop protection. ScanMail for Exchange, as the name implies, searches Exchange e-mail for viruses.
We tested ServerProtect, OfficeScan, and ScanMail. Understanding that this differs from the other products, we found this combination to be valuable for the primary points of internal virus attacks. Perhaps as much as 85 percent of all virus attacks comes from within, through floppies, e-mail, or other avenues.
With each of the three products, we introduced a Word macro virus into the server. We then e-mailed it to a "friend" on the internal network. ScanMail picked it up cleanly and took care of it in a prompt manner. We then shut down that mail server, started another SMTP server that was not protected, and e-mailed the original infected file to another user. OfficeScan detected the file immediately and cleaned it.
Notifications were equally adept at telling us what happened: E-mail, pop-up message boxes, printed output, pager, SNMP traps, and the Windows NT event log are all possible methods of letting you know what happened. We found that all functions tested worked like a charm.
Norton AntiVirus Enterprise Solution
Long a dominant player in this marketplace, Symantec's Norton AntiVirus Enterprise Solution 4.0 reinforces the perspective of centralized anti-viral solutions that covers every inch of the client/server environment. The product comes with many options: Internet gateway protection, content filtering, e-mail server protection, and the usual server and desktop protection mechanisms.
For this test, we installed the enterprise solution on our main server, which becomes the "master primary server" according to Symantec. The hierarchical approach is to install one "master primary server" that feeds multiple branch servers. Periodic product updates go to this master server, and then clients and servers alike can use the internal network to retrieve updates. The effect is to drastically reduce Internet traffic, which we did test to its fullest extent -- and it worked flawlessly.
The overall installation process is a little long, but simple with the well-documented books. You install the management console, the live update facility, and then the master server. Establishing login script files makes distribution of the client setups a breeze since a share point is created for all clients to access across the network.
Running the program reveals a few changes to the layout of the user interface. The old look has been replaced with a more user-friendly look, not to mention the ease of the user's management tools. In fact, an important aspect of the product from a server perspective is the ability to lock down access to the master server and branch servers. Only designated administrators can access and control the servers, regardless of location.
We expected no major changes in the well-proven SARC interfaces and quarantine facilities, and saw none. Little tweaks are present that gives the user a better feel of the program, but what worked great before works great now.
A few paragraphs can't do these products full justice, but Symantec clearly holds the position of leadership in the enterprise environment. The solid performance and client management tools set Symantec ahead of the others, but behind in terms of a powerful anti-viral solution from Trend Micro, such as proxy scanning. You'll need to evaluate each product on its own merits to decide which is right for you.
Active Virus Defense Security Suite
We had some problems with the McAfee product provided for the review. We learned in the 11th hour that the provided product was a newly released version recently shipped to manufacturing. We only had the marketing briefs to review -- there was no documentation.
We installed the products as best we could ascertain from the CD's menu system. A product engineer was contacted, and informed us that the main product runs on Windows 9x clients, NT Workstation, and Windows 2000 servers. If you want to support Windows NT Server 4.0 computers, you'll need to use the NetShield product.
We configured the test server, and proceeded to install the NetShield component. We discovered a problem at the onset of the test. McAfee includes options during the installation of the product to provide additional services and controls for operation of the product. But the menu option specifically warns that McAfee neither supports nor encourages the use of these advanced options during normal operations. It baffled us why they would do something such as this, presuming it was for the user to decide if they wanted or needed the advanced system information.
We felt that if these options are essential for troubleshooting a critical problem, then the user should exercise the product at that time, gathering the critical system information that may be required by McAfee to assist the user. Perhaps a separate program could be executed that would gather such data, but we had no documentation to validate if this capability exists in the new product.
The installation of NetShield went without a problem, and we configured it to automatically scan each day, check updates for new signatures, and inform us when a variety of test situations occurred. The product is highly customizable and allowed us to specify when to scan, what type of files to scan, how to report problems and issues, and how to handle an infected file.
We then configured a Windows 95 and a Windows 98 client, repeating the scenario using the Virex client product. We made extensive use of the online help files during the review of these products, which worked well. The client systems worked as we expected, since we modified the boot records and critical system files using a special file hexidecimal editor. The product detected the changes and offered us many options for handling the problem.
Overall, NetShield handled itself well and was adept at recording and reporting functions according to the test suite. The product handled client testing equally well, and we were pleased with its abilities. It provided all of the client/server protection that we anticipated, and we're sure the product has more capabilities than this situation enabled us to evaluate.
This review was not performed as a head-to-head test to choose a winner or a loser, but as an informative review of several capable products. Each product has its strong and weak points. One of these four products should meet the needs of most any type of enterprise protection.
Sophos has a very capable server and client product. It is easy on server resources, quickly scans network resources, and is easy to operate. It lacks an automated update facility, and it does not provide any level of Internet protection, such as e-mail or Web traffic analysis and protection. It is, by all accounts, strictly an anti-virus product for client and server data files.
Trend Micro's NeaTSuite is a capable client and server protection product, but clearly excels at protecting the enterprise from Internet traffic miscues. It has many options and features specifically geared toward the Internet, such as gateways, mail server traffic, applet controls, and integrated PC protection. It is a complicated product because of the large number of options to choose from, and can take some beginners by surprise. Its VirusWall feature is a boon to enterprises looking for protection at a key entry point -- the firewall.
Symantec is the leader in the corporate enterprise, but the previous two products are close on its heels. Symantec's power of experience and improvements in the user interface are superb, but the product lacks some of the outstanding Internet tools found in the Trend Micro's NeaTSuite. You can, however, purchase separate packages for firewall and gateway protection, which we were unable to test during this review.
McAfee produced a solid product. It worked well according to the marketing information we received, but without a complete set of administrative and user documents, we cannot make a complete recommendation about the product's overall capabilities.
Sophos Inc., Wakefield, Mass.
www.sophos.com
Price: Licenses are based on the number of systems/units and cover all fileservers, workstations, laptops, and standalones. A file server license covers one or more file servers and a specified number of networked PCs.
Desktops: Windows 9x, NT, 3.x, OS/2, DOS, MacintoshServers: NetWare, Windows NT/2000, OS/2, Open VMS, Unix, Vines
E-mail: Exchange, Lotus Notes
Trend Micro Inc., Cupertino, Calif.
www.antivirus.com
Price: $1145 for 25-seat user license.
Desktops: Windows 9x clients
Servers: Windows NT/2000
E-mail: Exchange, Lotus Notes, HP Open Mail, Microsoft Mail, cc:Mail
Security: Checkpoint Firewall-1 Content Protection
Internet: Applets and ActiveX, content and spam filtering, HTTP filtering
Symantec Corp., Cupertino, Calif.
www.symantec.com
Price: Vendor would not disclose pricing.
Desktops: Windows 3.1x, Windows 95/98 (including OSR2), Windows 2000 Professional
Servers: Windows NT Server 4.0, Windows 2000 Server, NetWare 3.12, 3.2, 4.1x, 5.0
E-mail: Lotus Notes, Exchange, Tivoli and IT Director
McAfee Corp., Santa Clara, Calif.
www.mcafee.com
Price: $30 per node, at 5,000 nodes
Desktops: Windows 9x
Network: Internet, firewalls, e-mail


text:
LYV
SNEJF
Lawyers: A 'stretch' to hang Astroworld liability on Travis Scott as $3B in lawsuits pile in
More than 300 lawsuits totaling a staggering $3 billion have been filed over the Astroworld disaster on November 5 that ultimately claimed the lives of ten people.
Most recently, Live Nation (LYV) and Apple (AAPL), along with rapper and headliner Travis Scott, were sued for $2 billion by hundreds of concertgoers who allege they were injured at the deadly event at NRG Stadium, where concertgoers surged toward the stage during Scott's performance, sparking deadly mayhem.
"The resulting catastrophic incident and carnage were easily foreseeable and preventable had the Defendants acted in a reasonably prudent manner in planning a large-scale festival like Astroworld," the lawsuit read. Still, legal experts have doubts about whether the artist himself will be held financially liable for the fatalities.
"I think it'd be a stretch to put this on [Travis Scott]," Nick Rozansky, attorney at Brutzkus Gubner Rozansky Seror Weber, told Yahoo Finance.
Meanwhile, a separate suit (filed Tuesday by Houston lawyer Tony Buzbee) is seeking more than $750 million in damages on behalf of 125 victims. Scott was once again named in the complaint, along with fellow rapper Drake, who performed as a surprise guest.
According to the complaint, Scott's past actions and social media posts "[glorify] violence and other dangerous behaviors" whereas Drake "was well aware of the damage [Scott] had caused at his shows in the past." For context, Scott was arrested in 2015 after encouraging fans to storm the stage at Lollapalooza. He was sentenced to one year of court supervision before being arrested again in 2017 on suspicion of starting a riot while performing in Arkansas.
Additionally, Houston Fire Chief Samuel Peña said Scott "absolutely" should have stopped the show once he saw the crowd surge, saying during an NBC 'Today' show interview that "everybody at that event has a responsibility, starting from the artist on down."
Travis Scott, Live Nation, Apple and Epic Records did not immediately respond to Yahoo Finance's request for comment.
'Not enough' to hold up in court
HOUSTON, TEXAS - NOVEMBER 09: A woman walks past a memorial to those who died at the Astroworld festival outside of NRG Park on November 09, 2021 in Houston, Texas.
According to Bryan Sullivan of Early Sullivan Wright Gizer & McRae, although "hypothetically an artist can be held potentially liable," that does not seem to be the case with Scott.
The attorney further explained that the rapper would have had to incite the violence through some sort of direct action. Under this criteria, Scott's reputation, lyrics, past behavior and legal troubles are "not enough" to hold up in court, Sullivan said.
"You can be a very violent person in an area where there was a fight, but not have thrown a punch," he told Yahoo Finance.
"The law requires him to engage in specific conduct that incited the incidents...What did he do at Astroworld that night? That's the question the courts will be asking," he continued — surmising that Scott "likely will be dismissed from the case" barring no damning allegations come to light.
Rozansky said the financial burden most likely will fall on the security company and event promoters like Live Nation and ScoreMore, but expected more "finger pointing" ahead.
"It's not uncommon for all of the defendants to start suing each other for identity and contribution if they are found liable," the lawyer noted.
More fallout ahead for Scott
HOUSTON, TEXAS - NOVEMBER 05: Travis Scott performs during 2021 Astroworld Festival at NRG Park on November 05, 2021 in Houston, Texas. (Photo by Erika Goldring/WireImage)
Although Scott likely won't be held financially responsible for Astroworld, there could be more fallout ahead for the 30-year-old — especially when it comes to future performances and brand deals.
Sullivan explained that if he were advising a client on risk management he'd be hesitant to recommend Scott as a performer or headliner "just because of who he is."
Alternatively, if Scott were to perform, the attorney said there'd likely be "a reallocation of the risk" — adding that any additional security detail or special insurance would have to come out of the rapper's pocket.
"All of those costs would be reallocated to Travis in the negotiations of the contract," Sullivan said.
Major brands associated with Scott have begun to distance themselves from the controversy, suggesting Scott might already be paying a financial penalty of sorts for the tragedy.
Nike (NKE), acting "out of respect" for those affected by Astroworld, postponed the launch of its Travis Scott shoe collaboration.
Separately, Luxury goods company Dior, which was set to release its spring/summer 2022 Travis Scott menswear collection early next year, is now reportedly evaluating the situation, while Epic Games quietly removed a Travis Scott emote that was available to purchase on gaming app Fortnite.
'Reasonable' as key word
HOUSTON, TEXAS - NOVEMBER 09: A general View of the atmosphere during the second annual Astroworld Festival at NRG Park on November 9, 2019 in Houston, Texas. (Photo by Gary Miller/Getty Images)
Deaths at concerts and festivals, while tragic, are not an entirely new phenomenon. During 2017, two deadly events rocked the music industry: Las Vegas' Route 91 Harvest Festival shooting where over 55 people were fatally gunned down, and Ariana Grande's Manchester Arena terrorist bombing which killed 22.
Still, Sullivan explained those deadly acts were "very different" from Astroworld.
"The question in this case is more, 'Did the venue and promoter take all reasonable precaution to prevent people from getting hurt?' Key word is reasonable...did they have enough security detail to deal with the situation? Did they have enough medical personnel? Did they react fast enough? Did they allocate enough funding?"
"It all depends on the facts," he concluded.
US economic growth quickened last quarter with inventory boost
The median forecast in a Bloomberg survey of economists called for a 5.5% increase in GDP.
Novo Tellus Alpha Acquisition opens at $5, ends debut trading day at $4.86
It closed the day at $4.86
Marina Bay Sands' 4Q numbers likely troughed, inspires Maybank to call "hold" on Genting Singapore
Genting Singapore is likely to go ahead with its $4.5 billion expansion plan
Going by what had happened in the previous two Tiger years, we can expect that this coming Year of the Tiger will not be smooth sailing for the markets either.
ESR-REIT reports 2.7% lower DPU of 0.721 cents in 4QFY2021; 6.7% higher FY2021 DPU of 2.987 cents
GuocoLand reports nearly three times higher earnings of $67.5 mil in 1HFY2021/2022
Shares in GuocoLand closed 2 cents higher or 1.35% up at $1.50 on Jan 26.
Only 36% of Singapore workers are very prepared with workplace digital skills
Yet, only 29% are actively involved in digital skills learning and training programmes today, according to Salesforce's study
Analysts stay positive on Suntec REIT with TPs of at least $1.45
Analysts are generally positive on Suntec REIT with strong FY2021 results led by newly acquired and completed assets
Citi reiterates 'sell' on iFAST as share price plummets to eight-month low
"We caution investors against accumulating the stock," say Citi Research analysts, trimming TP from $7.50 to $6.20 per share.
Analysts largely positive on Keppel REIT on likely recovery of office sector
DBS, Maybank and RHB have given the REIT target prices of $1.40, $1.05 and $1.29 respectively.
Here are the market's top trades after a hawkish Powell
Federal Reserve Chair Jerome Powell set the stage for raising interest rates to combat the highest inflation since 1982


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