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Q: Add angular-chart.js to Rails application.js file I'm trying to setup angular-chart.js in an Angular on Rails application, per github instructions. But the documentation is not specifically for Rails so I'm running into errors.
Installation instruction: http://jtblin.github.io/angular-chart.js/
For reference,

*

*installed via bower, bower install angular-chart.js --save

*added as dependency, angular.module('myModule', ['chart.js']);.

Documentation then recommends then adding <script src="bower_components/angular-chart.js/dist/angular-chart.js"></script>, but this file is not found if I add this line (think because using Rails).
Since the application is Angular ontop of Rails, I assume it needs to be added to Rails application.js file. As otherwise there is an angular no module error.
But I'm not sure exactly what needs to be added to application.js. I've tried:

*

*chart.js

*angular-chart.js

*angular-chart

(prefaced by //= require)
But everything results in a Rails error,
Sprockets::FileNotFound in Boards#index
couldn't find file 'chart.js' with type 'application/javascript'

Is there a way to find out exactly what needs to be added to application.js? Or some other way to solve this?
(Apologies if this is difficult to follow.)

A: You can use (as you mentioned in discussion) gem browserify-rails to easily pick-up bower/node.js packages. Include gem into Gemfile, bundle install, and then install npm/bower package into app.
gem 'browserify-rails'


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Reading gives us somewhere to go when we have to stay where we are...
Review: The Dream Daughter by Diane Chamberlain
From bestselling author,
Diane Chamberlain comes an irresistible new novel.
When Caroline Sears receives the news that her unborn baby girl has a heart defect, she is devastated. It is 1970 and there seems to be little that can be done. But her brother-in-law, a physicist, tells her that perhaps there is. Hunter appeared in their lives just a few years before—and his appearance was as mysterious as his past. With no family, no friends, and a background shrouded in secrets, Hunter embraced the Sears family and never looked back.
Now, Hunter is telling her that something can be done about her baby's heart. Something that will shatter every preconceived notion that Caroline has. Something that will require a kind of strength and courage that Caroline never knew existed. Something that will mean a mind-bending leap of faith on Caroline's part.
And all for the love of her unborn child.
A rich, genre-spanning, breathtaking novel about one mother's quest to save her child, unite her family, and believe in the unbelievable. Diane Chamberlain pushes the boundaries of faith and science to deliver a novel that you will never forget.
Expected publication: October 2nd, 2018
by St. Martin's Press
I have read 4 books by Diane Chamberlain, though she has written quite a few more, and have thoroughly enjoyed each of them. The Dream Daughter is different with the added fantasy element.
How far will a mother go to save the life of her child, for Carly Sears it was taking an enormous leap of faith. It was also a leap of faith for me as a reader to suspend my disbelief and just go with the flow of the story - probably why fantasy and sci-fi aren't favorites of mine. Leaving the comforts and security of home Carly sets a course to save the life of her child.
The Dream Daughter is a captivating novel about courage, heartache, and acceptance. This is my 5th novel by Diane Chamberlain, it's a tie between Necessary Lies and The Midwife's Confession as to which one is my favorite. This earns a solid 4 stars. I was glued to the pages and anxious for Carly and her baby - finished this off in a couple days. It didn't have the depth of those previous books with their multiple layers (remember just my opinion) that I love but still a book I will recommend.
My thanks to St. Martin's Press (via Netgalley) for an advanced copy in exchange for honest review.
Posted by Margaret @ JustOneMoreChapter at 11:04 PM No comments: Links to this post
Labels: 2018, Diane Chamberlain, Netgalley
Review: The Swallow: A Ghost Story by Charis Cotter
In 1960s Toronto, two girls retreat to their attics to escape the loneliness and isolation of their lives.
Polly lives in a house bursting at the seams with people, while Rose is often left alone by her busy parents. Polly is a down-to-earth dreamer with a wild imagination and an obsession with ghosts; Rose is a quiet, ethereal waif with a sharp tongue. Despite their differences, both girls spend their days feeling invisible and seek solace in books and the cozy confines of their respective attics. But soon they discover they aren't alone--they're actually neighbors, sharing a wall. They develop an unlikely friendship, and Polly is ecstatic to learn that Rose can actually see and talk to ghosts. Maybe she will finally see one too! But is there more to Rose than it seems? Why does no one ever talk to her? And why does she look so... ghostly? When the girls find a tombstone with Rose's name on it in the cemetery and encounter an angry spirit in her house who seems intent on hurting Polly, they have to unravel the mystery of Rose and her strange family... before it's too late.
Published September 9th, 2014
by Tundra Books
**** 1/2
Polly - "There's no place for me. I'm getting squeezed out of my own house. My parents want to save the world, and they're doing it one unwanted kid at a time."
Rose - "I don't fit in. There's no place for me. Not at school, not with Mother and Father, not in this new house, not anywhere."
It's 1963 in Toronto and these two 12-year-olds are searching. Where one wants to see ghosts the other wants to stop seeing them. Where one wants to be alone the other is tired of it. Such begins The Swallow and how could I not get draw right in. This story weaves back and forth to the voices of Polly and Rose, relatively short chapters making it a perfect fit for middle grade, also made it very easy to think, hmmm just one more chapter.
It's been a while since I've read a really good ghost story and this one fit the bill. While The Swallow is a story of friendship it is also a mystery and this reader kept trying to unravel what was going on. Hats off to the author for keeping me guessing right till the end.
I found the writing to be atmospheric, witty and suspenseful. Charis Cotter is a new author to me and one I will be reading again.
"When you see a swallow, it means that spring is coming, and with spring comes new life and hope."
The Swallow comes from my personal library and part of my 'reading my shelf challenge'
Labels: 2018, Canadian Author, Charis Cotter, Middle Grade
Audio Review: Daughter of a Daughter of a Queen by Sarah Bird
From author Sarah Bird comes the compelling, hidden story of Cathy Williams, a former slave and the only woman to ever serve with the legendary Buffalo Soldiers.
Here's the first thing you need to know about Miss Cathy Williams: I am the daughter of a daughter of a queen and my mama never let me forget it.
Though born into bondage on a "miserable tobacco farm" in Little Dixie, Missouri, Cathy Williams was never allowed to consider herself a slave. According to her mother, she was a captive, bound by her noble warrior blood to escape the enemy. Her means of deliverance is Union general Phillip Henry "Smash 'em Up" Sheridan, the outcast of West Point who takes the rawboned, prideful young woman into service. At war's end, having tasted freedom, Cathy refuses to return to servitude and makes the monumental decision to disguise herself as a man and join the Army's legendary Buffalo Soldiers.
Alone now in the ultimate man's world, Cathy must fight not only for her survival and freedom, but she vows to never give up on finding her mother, her little sister, and the love of the only man strong and noble enough to win her heart. Inspired by the stunning, true story of Private Williams, this American heroine.
Audible - 16 hours, 31 minutes
by Macmillan Audio
"Here's the first thing you need to know about Miss Cathy Williams: I am the daughter of the daughter of the queen and my mama never let me forget it."
One of the things I love about reading historical fiction is discovering people, places, and events that are new to me. Cathy Williams - doesn't ring any bells. The Buffalo Soldiers - nope nothing, even General Sheridan offers no recognition. Mind you I am Canadian but I have heard my fair share of US history. Now I do know the time, slavery has been abolished, and though I've heard of former slaves joining the army, a women doing this, yea that's a new one. Part of me was skeptical, not even believing it could actually happen, let alone go on for 2 years. It was my friend Stephanie and fellow blogger from Layered Pages that changed my mind. I always notice when 5 stars come from her.
This book was told from Cathy's POV, and I went the audio route here. I say that because audio in first person is wonderful. It's like Cathy was sitting right there telling me her story and what a story it is. Every time I had a question she answered it, she shared the struggles and horrors the troop encountered. The reader was Bahni Turpin, she did a great job capturing Cathy's voice, it was like I was right in the action.
Sarah Bird is a new author to me, how she came about writing this book was a bonus feature in the audio version and I loved it. Her research shines through, and she doesn't hold back but tells it like it was.
Daughter of a Daughter of a Queen is definitely a book I recommend, especially for those looking for strong female figures from the past.
My thanks to the publisher for an advanced copy (via Netgalley).
Labels: 1800's, 2018, Audible, HF USA, Netgalley
Review: In Her Bones by Kate Moretti
"A higher level than the standard thriller. Readers will enjoy this book for the suspense…[and] love it for the skill and mastery Moretti has for her craft." —New York Journal of Books
"Morbid…Moretti pulls some tricky tricks." —The New York Times
New York Times bestselling author Kate Moretti's next "exceptional…emotionally astute, [and] deliciously sinister" (Kirkus Reviews, starred review) thriller follows the daughter of a convicted serial killer who finds herself at the center of a murder investigation.
Fifteen years ago, Lilith Wade was arrested for the brutal murder of six women. After a death row conviction, media frenzy, and the release of an unauthorized biography, her thirty-year-old daughter Edie Beckett is just trying to survive out of the spotlight. She's a recovering alcoholic with a dead-end city job and an unhealthy codependent relationship with her brother.
Edie also has a disturbing secret: a growing obsession with the families of Lilith's victims. She's desperate to see how they've managed—or failed—to move on. While her escalating fixation is a problem, she's careful to keep her distance. That is, until she crosses a line and a man is found murdered.
Edie quickly becomes the prime suspect—and while she can't remember everything that happened the night of the murder, she'd surely remember killing someone. With the detective who arrested her mother hot on her trail, Edie goes into hiding. She's must get to the truth of what happened that night before the police—or the real killer—find her.
Unless, of course, she has more in common with her mother than she's willing to admit…
Perfect for fans of Ruth Ware, In Her Bones features Moretti's "riveting and insightful" (Megan Miranda, New York Times bestselling author) prose and "chillingly satisfying" (Publishers Weekly) twists, and will leave you questioning the nature of guilt, obsession, and the toxicity of familial ties.
by Atria Books
There seems to be a lot of hype with serial killer books, but what about the family left behind? Those stunned with what they missed and was there something they could have done to prevent a loved one's crimes? Kate Moretti tackles that very subject with her latest, In Her Bones.
Edi's mother is on death row for her horrible crimes. In Her Bones isn't just a present day story but weaves back in time with Edi's growing up years and what turned her into the woman she is. Getting inside her brain as she becomes obsessed with the 'remainders' - the loved ones of her mother's victims. But when tragedy strikes again she is forced to come to grips with the past if she wanted a future.
This is my third book by Moretti and I think my favourite. With plenty of twists and turns I was kept on my toes. While this wasn't a fast-paced story I still managed to read in a couple days. The ending is always important in these types of books, are they believable even plausible? Or just something pulled out of the air. This one worked and loose ends were tied up nicely.
In Her Bones isn't just a murder mystery but also a story of healing, acceptance, and trust, one I recommend, my thanks to Atria Books for an advanced copy in exchange for honest review.
click on the cover to take you to my review
Posted by Margaret @ JustOneMoreChapter at 10:20 AM No comments: Links to this post
Labels: 2018, Kate Moretti, Netgalley
Review: Louisiana's Way Home by Kate DiCamillo
From two-time Newbery Medalist Kate DiCamillo comes a story of discovering who you are — and deciding who you want to be.
When Louisiana Elefante's granny wakes her up in the middle of the night to tell her that the day of reckoning has arrived and they have to leave home immediately, Louisiana isn't overly worried. After all, Granny has many middle-of-the-night ideas. But this time, things are different. This time, Granny intends for them never to return. Separated from her best friends, Raymie and Beverly, Louisiana struggles to oppose the winds of fate (and Granny) and find a way home. But as Louisiana's life becomes entwined with the lives of the people of a small Georgia town — including a surly motel owner, a walrus-like minister, and a mysterious boy with a crow on his shoulder — she starts to worry that she is destined only for good-byes. (Which could be due to the curse on Louisiana's and Granny's heads. But that is a story for another time.)
Called "one of DiCamillo's most singular and arresting creations" by The New York Times Book Review, the heartbreakingly irresistible Louisiana Elefante was introduced to readers in Raymie Nightingale — and now, with humor and tenderness, Kate DiCamillo returns to tell her story.
by Candlewick Press (MA)
The beginning is that my great-grandfather was a magician, and long, long ago he set into motion a most terrible curse.
I read this over the summer when I needed something light, whimsical and almost magical. I enjoyed Flora & Ulysses and The Tale of Despereaux also by Kate DiCamillo, so I had a rough idea that I was in for a real treat with this one.
The blurb above tells you what takes place for Louisiana, she is only 10 years old as she tells her story, of being pulled out of bed in the middle of the night and the terrible curse that seems to be following them. She is quite the character with a vivid imagination, vocabulary beyond her years and amazing reasoning skills. I loved Louisiana, she made me smile and I just wanted to give her a hug (along with some milk and cookies).
Louisiana's Way Home was a delight to read, it's a story of self-discovery, hope, and forgiveness. Told with wit and compassion, Kate DiCamillo has landed as one of my favorite children's author.
"Perhaps what matters when all is said and done is not who put us down but who picks us up"
Thank you to the publisher (via NetGalley) for an advanced e-arc.
click on cover to see my review
Labels: 2018, Kate DiCamillo, Middle Grade, Netgalley
Review: Hidden Among the Stars by Melanie Dobson
From the award-winning author of Catching the Wind, which Publishers Weekly called "unforgettable" and a "must-read," comes another gripping time-slip novel about hidden treasure, a castle, and ordinary people who resisted evil in their own extraordinary way.
The year is 1938, and as Hitler's troops sweep into Vienna, Austrian Max Dornbach promises to help his Jewish friends hide their most valuable possessions from the Nazis, smuggling them to his family's summer estate near the picturesque village of Hallstatt. He enlists the help of Annika Knopf, his childhood friend and the caretaker's daughter, who is eager to help the man she's loved her entire life. But when Max also brings Luzia Weiss, a young Jewish woman, to hide at the castle, it complicates Annika's feelings and puts their entire plan―even their very lives―in jeopardy. Especially when the Nazis come to scour the estate and find both Luzia and the treasure gone.
Eighty years later, Callie Randall is mostly content with her quiet life, running a bookstore with her sister and reaching out into the world through her blog. Then she finds a cryptic list in an old edition of Bambi that connects her to Annika's story . . . and maybe to the long-buried story of a dear friend. As she digs into the past, Callie must risk venturing outside the safe world she's built for a chance at answers, adventure, and maybe even new love.
Kindle ebook, 400 pages
by Tyndale House Publishers
*** 1/2
Opening Line:
The blade of a shovel, cutting through frosted grass. That's what she remembered most from the spring of 1938.
I have been a fan of Melanie Dobson since reading her books Catching the Wind, Château of Secrets and Shadows of Ladenbrook Manor - all historical fiction.
It is 1938 and Austria is getting overtaken by the Nazis, three young people's lives are about to get entwined together as family secrets are uncovered and friendships are put to the test. How an original copy of Bambi, gifted from mother to daughter, ignites a journey for the present day story.
Hidden Among the Stars weaves between 3 women with 3 vastly different stories to tell. Again I found myself drawn to the past story (nothing new there). Set around a castle, hidden treasure and forbidden love I couldn't help feeling for these young women. It was a brutal time with the author not holding back on the atrocities that took place. While I enjoyed this book I was able to predict the outcome as the story unfolded - which isn't a bad thing.
Sometimes it's the little tidbits I glean from certain books that stay with me, such is the case here. Callie works in a bookstore and it's her knowledge of children's literature and the past that did interest me. References to some of my favorite kids' books even adding a few to my tbr pile. The author of Bambi and Curious George both Jewish fled hours before Nazis invaded (I'm still googling).
This is Christian fiction and heavy in both time periods, more so than in the author's previous books. I feel there is a fine line where it can be too over-the-top, just right or not enough, in terms of sharing the faith of the characters, without sounding overly preachy and taking away from the story. With this book I think it was just the right blend, especially the past story. The nightmarish path these girls faced, the struggles, it was authentic and believable. For Callie while her story was not as devastating as the other two she clung to her faith.
All in all an entertaining read, my thanks to the publisher (via netgalley) for an advanced copy of this book.
click on cover to take you to make review (except Catching the Wind - review coming soon -how did I miss that!?)
Posted by Margaret @ JustOneMoreChapter at 6:51 PM No comments: Links to this post
Labels: 2018, Christian Fiction, HF WWII, Melaine Dobson, Netgalley
Spotlight: The Jinni's Last Wish by Zenobia Neil
eBook; 283 pages
ASIN: B07FLDRY4V
Genre: Historical Fiction/Fantasy
As a eunuch in the Ottoman Imperial Harem, Olin has already lost his home, his freedom, and his manhood. His only wish is for a painless death, until he meets Dark Star, a beautiful odalisque who promises to give him his deepest desire. He refuses to believe her claim to possess a jinni in a bottle. But when Dark Star is accused of witchcraft, Olin rubs the bottle in desperation and discovers she's told the truth.
Olin becomes the jinni's master to save Dark Star, but it's not enough. In the complex world of the Topkapi Palace, where silk pillows conceal knives, sherbets contain poison, and jewels buy loyalty, no one is safe. With each wish, Olin must choose between becoming like the masters he detests or risk his life, his body, and his sanity to break the bonds that tie them all.
Amazon | Barnes and Noble | Chapters
Zenobia Neil was named after an ancient warrior queen who fought against the Romans. She writes about the mythic past and Greek and Roman gods having too much fun. Zenobia spends her free time imagining interesting people and putting them in terrible situations. She lives with her husband, two children, and dog in an overpriced hipster neighborhood of Los Angeles.
Visit her at ZenobiaNeil.com.
Facebook | Twitter | Goodreads
Posted by Margaret @ JustOneMoreChapter at 9:59 AM No comments: Links to this post
Labels: HFVBT, Spotlight, Zenobia Neil
Audio Review: The Secret of the Irish Castle (Deverill Chronicles #3) by Santa Montefiore
It is 1939 and peace has flourished since the Great War ended. But much has changed for the Deverill family and now a new generation is waiting in the wings.
Martha Wallace came to Dublin from her home in America to find her birth mother. But instead, she has lost her heart to the impossibly charming JP Deverill. Then she discovers that her mother comes from the same place as JP, and her fate seems sealed.
Bridie Doyle, now Countess di Marcantonio and mistress of Castle Deverill, is determined to make the castle she used to work in her home. But her flamboyant husband Cesare has other ideas. And as his eye strays away from his wife, those close to them start to wonder if he really is who he says he is.
Kitty Deverill has come to terms with her life with her husband Robert, and their two children. But then Jack O'Leary, the love of her life, returns to Ballinakelly. And this time his heart belongs elsewhere…
This summer discover the dramatic conclusion to the bestselling Deverill Chronicles.
Published August 14th, 2018
by HarperAudio
Book 3 of The Deverill Chronicles has come to a fitting conclusion, I think this is the first time I have read a trilogy in as many months. I really enjoyed the first two books in this trilogy, the characters were interesting not always likable, the story was plausible and I love the Irish setting.
They were lots of loose ends that tied up nicely for some, not so much for others. But a fitting conclusion to a series that spanned from 1916 till after the Second World War. Three young girls began and what a life they have lived. Oh, and did I mention the curse, yes the Castle is cursed, it added that extra zip, it wasn't necessary but was a nice bonus. There were a few things I found a little too coincidental and predictable but not enough to spoil my enjoyment.
My only complaint would be the book titles, different from the UK edition and since collecting Santa Montefiore novels I've managed to acquirer many duplicates. This book is also known as The Last Secret of the Deverills.
My thanks to the publisher (via Edelweiss) for an advanced copy.
click on the cover to take you to review
Labels: 1930's, 1940's, 2018, Audible, Edelweiss, HF Ireland, Santa Montefiore
Review: The Lighthouse Keeper's Daughter by Hazel Gaynor
From The New York Times, bestselling author of The Girl Who Came Home comes a historical novel inspired by true events and the extraordinary female lighthouse keepers of the past two hundred years
"They call me a heroine, but I am not deserving of such accolades. I am just an ordinary young woman who did her duty."
1838: Northumberland, England. Longstone Lighthouse on the Farne Islands has been Grace Darling's home for all of her twenty-two years. When she and her father rescue shipwreck survivors in a furious storm, Grace becomes celebrated throughout England, the subject of poems, ballads, and plays. But far more precious than her unsought fame is the friendship that develops between Grace and a visiting artist. Just as George Emmerson captures Grace with his brushes, she in turn captures his heart.
1938: Newport, Rhode Island. Nineteen-years-old and pregnant, Matilda Emmerson has been sent away from Ireland in disgrace. She is to stay with Harriet, a reclusive relative, and assistant lighthouse keeper, until her baby is born. A discarded, half-finished portrait opens a window into Matilda's family history. As a deadly hurricane approaches, two women, living a century apart, will be linked forever by their instinctive acts of courage and love.
ebook, 416 pages
Expected publication: October 9th, 2018
by William Morrow Paperbacks
This is my first book but Hazel Gaynor, I've seen and heard many wonderful things about her books and jumped at the chance when Edelweiss was offering an advanced copy. This book will be released on October 9th.
One of the things I love about historical fiction is reading about brave women of the past, those ones that we don't hear much about but for the mark they have left on the pages of history. Grace Darling is one such woman from the Victorian age. It's 1838, on England's east coast when Grace and her father rescue survivors of the shipwreck during a terrible storm. Jump ahead 100 years to 1938 where Matilda Emerson has been sent away to prevent further disgrace to her family. It's between these two stories, evolving around lighthouse keepers, that connects and plays central to this story.
It's not a short book coming in just over 400 pages, it's the story of courage, love, and strength. How the 2 storylines connect played out nicely. I found this to be a softer book, more romanticized with a calm pacing but still keep my attention. I loved how the author stayed true to history in what Grace endured after the rescue. I have never given much thought to lighthouse keepers and their role, my eyes well opened to what a heavy responsibility that was, especially in both time periods lacking in modern technology of today.
Definitely an author I will be reading more of. This book will appeal to those that are looking for strong women and unknown stories of the past.
Thanks to the publisher via Edelweiss for an advanced copy.
Labels: 1830's, 1930's, 2018, Edelweiss, Hazel Gaynor, HF England
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Margaret has read 3 books toward her goal of 100 books.
Margaret has read 9 books toward her goal of 75 books.
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Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg speaks at the F8 summit in San Francisco. (Photo: Josh Edelson / AFP/Getty Images)
Facebook conference reveals new features
Annual event showcases new apps, including one that aims to revolutionize the private message.
by Benyamin Cohen | Thursday, March 26, 2015
More than a billion people log into Facebook on a regular basis. So when the company announces changes to their social media platform, ears perk up across the globe.
Facebook is in the midst of hosting their annual developers conference in San Francisco where they are revealing new changes to the service. The biggest shift will take place within Facebook's Messenger, the section which allows for private communication between users. Facebook announced they are opening up the Messenger ecosystem to third-party developers. Think of it like the app store on your smartphone, but these new programs will enhance what Messenger can already do.
For example, one new app will allow you to record goofy voices to send to your friends, while another will allow you to send doodles via Facebook.
One app that's drawing lots of attention is Magisto Shot, which allows people with no design skills to easily produce a video story with music, video and professional style effects using their own photos. The company already claims 55 million registered users for its smartphone app and is hoping that its new app dedicated to Facebook users will be just as successful.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gd_RMVPHodA
"Messaging has been continually evolving from its plain text beginnings to more expressive forms of communicating using photos and emoticons," Oren Boiman, co-founder and CEO of Israel-based Magisto, said. "However, these enhancements don't always succeed in conveying the true depth and richness of human emotion. Emoticons somewhat improve plain text, but adding a smiley is like a drum roll that tells you to laugh at a joke's punchline. Magisto Shot makes messaging much more powerful than it is today by using video to make your message genuinely funny, or happy or sad so you can truly show how you feel."
David Smith, who teaches visual journalism at West Virginia University's Reed College of Media, is excited about Magisto Shot. "It does seem like a cool app," he said. "We're all visual storytellers now. It's often difficult to find a simple way to stand out and get your message across, particularly on crowded social networks. I think one of the frustrations many people have with text-based social media platforms is the difficulty of communicating certain things without visual cues – mood, tone, inflection. Combining photos and text in a slickly produced video allows you to tell a more complete story."
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text:
The Proof of Principle
Developing an industry-leading approach to identifying and addressing risks
Modular are at their best when developing complex custom solutions to advanced manufacturing challenges—a process that takes substantial talent, precision skills and a healthy appetite for risk. The team is known for their ability to deliver when others can't, which is why a renowned global leader in medical technology approached Modular in 2009 when they needed to fully automate a production line that many people thought couldn't be automated.
This particular process is highly complex and exact. For years the product was finished by hand, by trained workers measuring, pressing and manipulating the product until it was the size and tolerance specified for its purpose. This one-off, hand-made process left room for inconsistency and error. The manufacturer needed precision and full traceability, two primary benefits of an automation solution.
"It was a very challenging problem," recalls Martin Dolan, Chief Business Development Officer at Modular. "We analysed the process and developed a concept, but there were risks and uncertainties.. We knew we didn't have the answer but our PoP process gave us the confidence that we would find it.
Use Proof of Principle methodology to identify potential project risks, and ultimately, determine the feasibility of an automated solution for this scenario.
The first step towards finding the solution was to identify and break down the risks within the project. The Modular team immersed themselves in the job, developing an intimate knowledge of the product, materials, processes and end application. By placing their focus on the quality of the end result, Modular worked through every step of the current process to identify every challenge to a full automation solution.
Once all the risks were identified, the team knew where to begin. The answer to whether the process could be automated began with a solution to one step of the process. So Modular provided the concept for a solution, and the customer invested a small amount to see if it would work.
Within weeks the first step was successful, and the customer was on board. Step two introduced more equipment and a bigger level of investment but the way ahead was clearer and there was a level of trust. In the final step of the PoP Modular automated an intelligent forming fixture to manipulate the material to a precise specification, and suddenly the entire process was possible.
By placing their focus on the quality of the end result, Modular worked through every step of the current process to identify every challenge to a full automation solution.
"That really opened the doors of the solution," Dolan says. "It took that step-by-step approach to help us understand what was going to work, how and why."
What Modular have done is develop their industry-leading Proof of Principle methodology, which now guides their approach to every automation solution. By investing their time and ingenuity in the planning and concept phases of a project, well before building anything, Modular are able to develop a deep understanding of their customers' products, processes and desired outcomes, and identify and address the major risks likely to prevent the success of a solution.
"We have to become experts in our customer's product," Dolan says. "Their goals become our goals, and because we hold all of our work to exceptionally high standards, we're able to deliver a solution that works every time."
For their orthopaedic manufacturing customer, the Modular solution delivered a higher output than required at a better quality than promised. Plus, the machine was delivered on time and within budget. It's no wonder the manufacturer is now a long-standing customer who operate a range of machines created and built by Modular.
"When there is an unknown, that is totally their space," says the customer's senior engineer, who oversaw the project. "They are the complete solutions people, who don't shy away from a challenging process. Modular demonstrate great commitment, deep expertise and excellent build quality. The PoP process is great to de-risk a project."
This case study was written for Modular Automation, a global leader in automation technology. View the original here.
Tags automation, medical device, Modular Automation, robotics, technology
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Clean Heart Society is a nonprofit organization that focuses on the area of substance abuse. We will provide in-house rehabilitaion prep for individuals seeking treatment but have been placed on the waiting list and for those who are in need of treatment but are undecided to admit for various reasons. Our goals are to mentally, emotionally and even spiritually prepare them for what lies ahead in treatment, and to encourage professional treatment and sobriety for those undecided.
With this program, our hopes are to give all clients a higher success rate in treatment completion and a lifestlye of sobriety.
I am seeking qualified members to serve on the Board of Directors as Vice President, Secretary or Board Member.
The vice president of the board, who may also be called the vice chair, is prepared at all times to assume the role of board president, if necessary. The vice president, whose knowledge and commitment mirrors that of the president, may serve in the president's place for board activities and in the spokesperson capacity.
The president may delegate special assignments to the vice president, who also works closely with the organization's CEO to carry out the board president's vision and directives.
The Secretary keeps the minutes of the board of directors. Additionally, the Secretary is responsible for keeping track of the organization's activities to make sure the actions of the organization are in accordance to the organization's Bylaws. The Secretary usually keeps track of the board members' contact information in order to inform the board about meetings and updates on the organization.
Members of Boards makes serious commitment to participate actively in committee work. Regularly attends board meetings and important related meetings. Volunteers for and willingly accepts assignments and completes them thoroughly and on time. Stays informed about committee matters, prepares themselves well for meetings, and reviews and comments on minutes and reports. Gets to know other committee members and builds a collegial working relationship that contributes to consensus. Is an active participant in the committee's annual evaluation and planning efforts. Participates in fund raising for the organization.


Is there any way to get soft-subs & multiple audio tracks in MP4s to work with the Roku app?
yes we have made a lot of changes in Mezzmo 5.1 specifically for the Roku devices to support subtitles and multiple audio tracks. Please send an email to support [at] conceiva [dot] com and we will send you the Mezzmo 5.1 beta to try.
Mezzmo v5.1 was released today, so you can get the latest version from http://www.mezzmo.com or update your current Mezzmo via the Help -> Check For Updates menu item.
Updated to v5.1 and my Roku 3 doesn't show any subtitle or audio options in the app for an MP4 that has dual audio tracks and soft-subs. Checked to see if there was also an app update but there wasn't. I must be missing something.
Are you running the new Mezzmo app on your Roku? It has the support for subtitle and audio options (when running Mezzmo v5.1+). Go to the Roku Channels and search for Mezzmo. Download and install it (it's free) and see how you go. We're creating a wiki at the moment for the Mezzmo for Roku app, so it will explain all the features, etc. Should be completed in the next few days.
I'm using v1.1 of the Roku app which is the latest in the Channel Store here. Looks like it was updated in October 2016. Yes, I'm using v5.1 of the server software also.
you need to press the * button on the remote while the video is playing to get the menu that allows selecting audio and subtitle options. If you do not see any audio or subtitle options when pressing this button then Mezzmo may be transcoding the file and only including one audio stream, please go to the properties of the file in Mezzmo and on the Transcoding tab check to see if the file has been transcoded. Also while the file is playing you can check in the Transcoding pane to see if the file is being transcoded on the fly.
I'm having the same issue with getting the subtitles to come up on the Roku device, I have the latest update for mezzmo on the PC and have downloaded the app on the roku. I am having this issue whether mezzmo transcodes or not. I am also having trouble getting the roku to appear in device list on the android app, I have tried finding it while its on the roku home screen and when its in the roku mezzmo app. Is there any way to use the Roku app to connect to a mezzmo server over the internet?
the Mezzmo Roku app only supports external text subtitles so Mezzmo will need to transcode these to text/vtt subtitles when delivering them to the Roku so that the Mezzmo app can display them. Please check in the properties of the file in Mezzmo on the Subtitles tab to make sure the subtitles are in an external file, you can select the subtitles there if they are embedded and click the extract button to extract them to an external file. The Roku app does not have support for accepting Play To commands so it will not appear in the Mezzmo Android app's device list, we may add support for this at a later time. The Mezzmo Roku app needs to find the Mezzmo server on the local network so it is not possible to connect over the Internet to the Mezzmo server unless you use a VPN to connect to the network that is running the Mezzmo server, we may add support for manually adding servers and this would allow connecting over the Internet by entering the public IP address and port of the Mezzmo server.


There are several ways to encourage children and students to read. Audiobooks are one of the most effective ones. Who doesn't want to listen to great stories!
Tales 2 Go, a company that offers audiobooks to help children become good listeners and readers, has released an infographic that shows the benefits of audiobooks.
The infographic lists the benefits of spoken language, and how audiobooks can be used to raise reading scores.
Listening builds critical fluency, vocabulary, comprehension and listening skills. Audiobooks can be a bridge to topics of discussion for parents and children who can listen together while commuting to activities, or on vacations.
Click or tap the infographic to see it in close up.


The Philips GentleSpace LED High Bay 88W Dali Dimmable Silver 4000K High Rack Optic with polycarbonate bowl and cover provides neutral white light with ActiLume wireless control.
The Philips GentleSpace GreenWarehouse system integrates highest-quality LED lighting with a reliable and easy-to-use network control system, backed by a 5-year warranty, enabling warehouse developers and facility managers to make maximum energy savings. End users can wirelessly change dimming levels and timing while luminaires can be combined in groups with no hardware change when re-zoning them, minimising commissioning costs.


The inspiration board that I propose you for August sees two light colours that I like very much: powder blue and powder pink.
That gives a dreamy outcome and let me imagine of an elegant and sophisticated wedding, particularly suitable for a couple with a refined taste, that love luxury life, and that takes care of the details at any occasion.
This colour palette perfectly matches with light pastel colours and with gold. The mise-en-place with golden cutlery and chairs, and with golden chandeliers is very romantic.
The ring of the bride, in pink gold, sets off the beauty of its aquamarine: a stone that fortifies love and brings optimism.
I like the bouquet enriched by blue hydrangeas and light pink roses.
We would use these colours also for the bridesmaids' dresses.
Do you like this colour palette?
Follow my blog and every month you will have an inspiration board!


one-click order execution and trading from real-time charts.
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CFD trading involves significant risk. We strongly advise that you read our Terms & Conditions. Although the risk when trading CFD is fixed for each individual trade, the trades are live and it is possible to lose an initial investment, particularly if a trader chooses to place his entire investment to a single live trade. It is highly recommended that traders choose a proper money management strategy which limits the total consecutive trades or total outstanding investment.
FXBMtrade - All Rights Reserved 2015/2016.


text:
Peter calls California home, but the Bay Area is far from the only place he's lived.
Singapore, Jakarta, London, and Boston round out the list and he enjoyed newsroom experience in three of those cities. Peter can be found tuning into a boring daytime baseball game when he¹s not on the move covering a story.
Moving from Boston to DC was an exciting step for Peter after graduating from Boston University, where he majored in Broadcast Journalism and minored in International Relations. He has worked for major media companies across the globe, notably ESPN, NBC, and Comcast.
Peter is thrilled to be living in yet another big city and sharing stories from the fast-paced halls of Washington D.C.
"I had the strongest antibodies" - Sen. Steve Daines touts vaccine trial success
Updated: Dec. 28, 2020 at 9:00 AM EST
By Peter Zampa
Two effective COVID-19 vaccines are being spread around the country in record time, but only because of the efforts of scientists and willing trialists.
Food insecurity hits millions of Americans for the holidays
This holiday season will be a difficult one for millions of Americans. With the COVID-19 pandemic came widespread job insecurity, and then food insecurity for many. Food bank workers have never seen anything like this.
Lawmakers discuss the aftermath of the first presidential debate
Updated: Sep. 30, 2020 at 11:51 AM EDT
The first presidential debate of the 2020 election cycle is over after the candidates squared off for over an hour-and-a-half Wednesday night.
New crowdfunding platform exclusively targets first responders and their families
Updated: Sep. 14, 2020 at 8:03 AM EDT
It has been 19 years since September 11 attacks on this country that left thousands dead and first responders feeling the impact to this day.
Civil rights leader: vaccine distribution can be a big moment to address 'systemic disparities'
Updated: Sep. 7, 2020 at 9:00 AM EDT
The race is on to develop multiple vaccines for COVID-19 in record time, but questions remain as to how the hypothetical vaccines should be released.
FDA chief: 'No pressure from anyone' to expedite approval process for COVID-19 vaccine
Updated: Aug. 20, 2020 at 10:23 AM EDT
The head of the Food and Drug Administration tells Gray Television Washington News Bureau's Peter Zampa he cannot promise results any time soon.
Washington says final goodbye to civil rights legend
Updated: Jul. 28, 2020 at 1:58 PM EDT
The celebration of the life of John Lewis came to a close in Washington Tuesday.
Public pays final respects to Georgia congressman
In the middle of a pandemic and brutal heat, a wave of mourners would not be denied from paying tribute to a civil rights hero.
Hawaii ties part of unique background that experts say has Tammy Duckworth on VP shortlist
A senator representing Illinois with Hawaii ties, being considered for the top of the ticket. President Barack Obama blazed that trail, and now Senator Tammy Duckworth (D-IL) is following.
Updated: 25 minutes ago
By Ryan Munn
Clouds have taken over the region as a strong upper-level low pressure system is moving through the Great Lakes region. We will stay dry through the late morning hours as that's when the precipitation will start to break out in most areas. It will move in from southwest to northeast from around 10am to 2pm.
By WABI News Desk
Traditionally, Maine has always sent some guard members to presidential inaugurations.
Gov. Mills says chief's online actions will be subject to a personnel review
This all happened when police were investigating a burglary in the area.
By Morgan Sturdivant
Gagnon says they are working with Walgreens for their doses.
Old Town eighth graders build new trails for city
The students are also launching a City of Old Town Flag design contest.
WAVES initiative looking to connect teens in Maine
By Courtney Cortright
WAVES stands for Wilderness Activities and Virtual Engagement for Students.
Gov. Mills puts Maine National Guard on standby ahead of potential protests at State House
Mills said she activated the National Guard and put them on standby out of an abundance of caution to make sure they are ready if their support is needed.
Resolution against COVID-19 mandates draws controversy in Piscataquis County
The county commissioners laid out their grievances in a resolution submitted to Governor Janet Mills, demanding she lift mandates.
Waterville Hannaford gives donation to area nonprofits
By Allegra Zamore
They donated $1,000 to the Mid-Maine Homeless Shelter and Fairfield Interfaith Food Pantry.
UMaine system launches new partnership for COVID-19 testing program
It will allow for roughly 16,000 saliva-based, PCR tests per week.


The Fruits Basket Anime is coming back! What better way to celebrate this amazing anime reboot than with a beautiful Kyo Bracelet. It features black/dark violet beads that sparkle like the stars of the Chinese zodiac and smokey moon glass beads each spaced with a crystal rondelle. There is also the option to add charms to the bracelet. There is an orange cat representing Kyo in his cat form and a happy riceball (onigiri) representing Tohru Honda.


Lynx Bushcraft has Hungarian and an Israeli military cutlery sets. In the video they compare the main features of the sets.
Summer is probably the best time for hiking, but at the same time, you can often feel like it's the worst possible time to go outside.
Don't let the weather stop you from making some beautiful memories.
Don't just assume that you'd be fine on the trail. Hot weather comes with a lot of risks. It is important to check the weather forecast before planning a trip.
Thunderstorms are also much more likely to occur when it's hot. Keep yourself safe in all situations. So, check the weather before going out.
Another good way to avoid heat is to start your trip early in the morning or in the late afternoon or evening. Skip the midday heat, don't hike between 11 a.m. to 3 p.m. Hike during the coolest time of day. Be an Early Bird or a Night Owl.
Hiking in a shady forest is different from on an uncovered mountain pass. So, it's important to choose your trail wisely. Your trail should include shady sections where you can rest for few minutes.
You'll be able to refresh yourself and cool down.
In hot weather hiking, try to wear synthetic clothes as you'll definitely sweat a lot and moisture-wicking clothes can prevent irritation.
It is better that you wear long sleeve shirts, hiking pants, and fine quality boots. The more of your body you can shield from the sun, the happier you'll be.
Your boots should be made up of breathable fabric so wet feet won't represent a problem during your hike. Your clothes should be in loose-fitting as it will allow for better airflow, which keeps you cooler.
Staying hydrated is the key to every successful outdoor adventure. This is particularly essential when you're hiking in hot weather.
Your body loses about one liter of water per hour on a regular hike. A challenging outing in hot weather can double that amount. Make sure you replenish, otherwise you'll get dehydrated during a hike in hot weather.
A hot weather hike will result in copious sweating. As water is essential to restore your body fluid levels, it's equally important to restock the electrolytes lost through sweat. The most important ones are potassium and sodium. They play a major role in managing your energy levels.
Make sure to bring plenty of snacks that have complex carbs. Don't go for simple carbs like sugary drinks and candy. You can have energy bars or fruit as they are great sources of complex carbs.
Be aware of the symptoms of heat stroke. Listen to your body and it will tell you when you can push yourself and when it's time to coast. Eat when you're hungry, rest when you're feeling tired.
They also affect body's ability to cool itself, thus increasing risks of dehydration.
"Better safe than sorry" is always a good motto to live by.
Always carry a cell phone and let others know where you will be hiking. In case you run into trouble for any reason you'll be able to make a call for immediate help. So, don't just sit back thinking how hot the weather will be. Plan, prepare well, and head out!


Reference: Ref: 191. Job: 320.
My client is an established BMS Specialist based in the South Yorkshire area of the UK specialising in Trend and Priva BEMS systems They have gone through period of sustained grow growth over the last 7 years where they have expanded by 35%, they are looking to take on BMS Commissioning Engineers who wants to move into a project/applications engineer position.
This role is primarily working on Trend and Priva projects across various prestigious sites in the North and Midlands. They are very close-knit team with a very strong culture in the business. They socialise on a regular basis and have a collaborative approach to undertaking all projects. Equally, they like their engineers to feel a part of the company so going out for dinner/drinks and other team events, along with supporting them through their career progression and training make them the employer of choice in South Yorkshire. The all encompassing role will require you to undertake on a daily basis the following responsibilities.
My client are a firm believer in providing their employees with the best training and a great working environment where going to work is fun. They are passionate about getting each of their Engineers trained up to Expert level on all systems. My client is actively looking for someone who can take over the business in 5-10 years so the right person will need to be highly ambitious.


SD-WAN enables Service Providers to embrace the new cloud computing paradigm.
As enterprise customers migrate applications to the cloud, Service Providers are experiencing a need to modernize WAN offerings to meet customer demand for bandwidth and connecting customers to the cloud with confidence.
In this webinar, Parag Thakore, Director of Product Management, and Kangwarn Chinthammit, Director of Solutions Marketing, go through top Service Provider SD-WAN considerations and real-world success stories with a live demo. Service Providers will learn how to offer SD-WAN as a service to increase profitability, deliver differentiated services and increase flexibility.


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In der schweizerischen Rechtswissenschaft bezeichnet Handlungsfähigkeit die Fähigkeit, durch seine Handlungen Rechte und Pflichten zu begründen (Art. 12 Schweizer Zivilgesetzbuch, ZGB). Voraussetzung der Handlungsfähigkeit ist, volljährig (veraltet mündig) und urteilsfähig zu sein (Art. 13 ZGB).

Volljährig ist, wer das 18. Lebensjahr zurückgelegt hat (Art. 14 ZGB). Urteilsfähig im Sinne des ZGB ist jede Person, der nicht wegen ihres Kindesalters (Minderjährigkeit), infolge geistiger Behinderung, psychischer Störung, Rausch oder ähnlicher Zustände die Fähigkeit mangelt, vernunftgemäss zu handeln (Art. 16 ZGB).

Bedeutung
Handlungsfähige Personen haben insbesondere die Fähigkeit, Rechtsgeschäfte zu tätigen und rechtsgeschäftsähnliche Handlungen vorzunehmen. Sie sind zugleich prozessfähig. Rechtsgeschäfte handlungsunfähiger Personen sind dagegen grundsätzlich unwirksam.

In Deutschland und Österreich wird die entsprechende Fähigkeit als Geschäftsfähigkeit bezeichnet.

Personen ohne Handlungsfähigkeit ist die tatsächliche oder vermutete Unfähigkeit zur Willensbildung bezüglich einer bestimmten Rechtsfolge gemeinsam. Urteilsfähige, aber handlungsunfähige (minderjährige oder unter umfassender Beistandschaft stehende) Personen können jedoch mit Zustimmung ihres gesetzlichen Vertreters Verpflichtungen eingehen oder Rechte aufgeben. Ohne diese Zustimmung vermögen sie Vorteile zu erlangen, die unentgeltlich sind, sowie geringfügige Angelegenheiten des täglichen Lebens zu besorgen. Sie werden aus unerlaubten Handlungen schadenersatzpflichtig (Art. 19 ZGB), sind also deliktsfähig.

Urteilsfähig und damit fähig, vernunftgemäß zu handeln, ist nur ein Individuum, das einen eigenen Willen bilden kann und in der Lage ist, diesem eigenen Willen gemäß zu handeln. Eine Person ist nicht fähig, vernunftgemäß zu handeln, da wenn sie versuchen, ihren Willen zu beeinflussen, sie normalerweise nicht widerstehen kann. Die Ursache dafür kann gem. Art. 16 ZGB biologischer (Kindesalter) oder physiologischer Natur sein (geistige Behinderung, psychische Störung, Rausch oder ähnliche Zustände wie Bewusstlosigkeit oder Intoxikation durch Alkohol oder andere Drogen).

Über die Urteilsfähigkeit entscheidet das Gericht gegebenenfalls aufgrund medizinischer Begutachtung.

Die Urteilsfähigkeit hängt im Einzelfall von der Natur und der Bedeutung der fraglichen Handlung ab. Sie ist in Bezug auf eine konkrete Handlung und den Zeitpunkt ihrer Vornahme zu beurteilen. Welche Anforderungen jeweils an die Willensbildung und die Fähigkeit, entsprechend zu handeln, zu stellen sind, beurteilt sich nach einer typisierenden Betrachtungsweise anhand eines Vergleichs mit Handlungen ähnlicher Art und Bedeutung (Relativität der Urteilsfähigkeit).

Für die Urteilsfähigkeit besteht eine tatsächliche Vermutung, es sei denn, sie fehlt offensichtlich, etwa bei einem Kleinkind. Bei Jugendlichen zwischen 12 und 16 Jahren muss die Urteilsfähigkeit im Einzelfall abgeklärt werden. Bei Jugendlichen zwischen 16 und 18 Jahren geht man von Urteilsfähigkeit aus.

Die Kindes- und Erwachsenenschutzbehörde (KESB) kann im Einzelfall Auskunft über die Handlungsfähigkeit bestimmter Personen geben.

Weblinks
 Imhof: Natürliche Personen und Persönlichkeitsschutz Bern, ohne Jahr
 Pro Infirmis: Urteilsfähigkeit und Handlungsfähigkeit Webseite abgerufen am 16. März 2017

Einzelnachweise

Zivilgesetzbuch
Privatrecht (Schweiz)
Personenrecht (Schweiz)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Following up on the "Entities vs. persons" story, let's make a step from abstract theory to a bit more practical view on entrepreneurship.
Let me start with circumstances that pushed me in this direction. In 2016, in the course of yet another reorganisation at ING Bank, which was my employer back then, I was given a choice: keep earning money for someone else—or embark on an adventurous freelance journey.
In my previous post I briefly listed pros and cons of being an entrepreneur. The next logical question is—what does it actually mean, to be an entrepreneur?
To properly answer this seemingly simple question one needs to take a deep dive into the swamp of Dutch laws, regulations, stipulations, and definitions.


A commercial Solar Electric System is one of the best investments business owners can make. Commercial systems tend to be much larger and state and federal incentives are reducing costs up to 50% With flat roof arrays, ground mounting, or typical pitched roof options, there are many ways you can reduce or eliminate your electric bill. With SRECS selling at an all time high, now is the time to look into solar for your business.


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WORLD BANK RECORDS COVID-19 TEST KITS EXPORTED IN 2017, 2018
September 8, 2020 in News by RBN Staff
Source: nationalfile
Patrick Howley September 6, 2020
The World Bank website has an active record for "COVID-19 Diagnostic Test Instruments and apparatus (902780) exports by country in 2018" even though the World Health Organization did not name Coronavirus "COVID-19" until February 2020 amid this year's outbreak. There is also a record for COVID-19 tests exported in 2017. At this time, we await a clear explanation from officials as to why this record exists, and will update accordingly.
The mainstream media publication Newsweek is now reporting that Dr. Anthony Fauci's National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) funded Wuhan Institute of Virology coronavirus research. Newsweek's headline proclaims: "DR. FAUCI BACKED CONTROVERSIAL WUHAN LAB WITH MILLIONS OF U.S. DOLLARS FOR RISKY CORONAVIRUS RESEARCH."
(RELATED: READ THE FULL STORY OF FAUCI AND BILL GATES)
Journalist Patrick Howley first reported that NIAID funded Wuhan Institute of Virology scientists to conduct bat coronavirus research in an article for National File. Howley reported:
Dr. Anthony Fauci's National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) actually funded a study on Bat Coronavirus, which was a project that included scientists at the Wuhan Institute of Virology, the Chinese lab at the center of controversy over their bat research. That study confirmed in 2018 that humans have died from coronavirus.
Here's an excerpt from the April 4, 2018 NIAID website entry entitled "New Coronavirus Emerges From Bats in China, Devastates Young Swine": "A newly identified coronavirus that killed nearly 25,000 piglets in 2016-17 in China emerged from horseshoe bats near the origin of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), which emerged in 2002 in the same bat species. The new virus is named swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV). It does not appear to infect people, unlike SARS-CoV which infected more than 8,000 people and killed 774. No SARS-CoV cases have been identified since 2004. The study investigators identified SADS-CoV on four pig farms in China's Guangdong Province. The work was a collaboration among scientists from EcoHealth Alliance, Duke-NUS Medical School, Wuhan Institute of Virology and other organizations, and was funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, part of the National Institutes of Health. The research is published in the journal Nature. The researchers say the finding is an important reminder that identifying new viruses in animals and quickly determining their potential to infect people is a key way to reduce global health threats."
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text:
Mercatus Working Paper
Internet Security Without Law: How Service Providers Create Order Online
Eli Dourado
Computer viruses can cause costly damage, including spam e-mail distribution, theft from user bank accounts, and attacks that temporarily shut down websites. Detecting and deterring these malicious programs, however, is also costly. The strong informal institutions among Internet service providers (ISPs) that dominate the enforcement of network security norms are more efficient in limiting damage from malicious computer code (malware) than a formal legal regime that would hold ISPs indirectly liable for such damage would be. Even though these informal relationships lack the enforcement power of legal remedies, they encourage ISPs to cooperate in formulating and implementing a swift response to attacks and to innovate to keep pace with changes in the nature of the threat. A greater reliance on the adversarial litigation process will reduce the three critical features of effective response to cyber threats: flexibility, speed, and extensive cooperation.
Below is a brief overview. To read the study in its entirety and learn more about its authors, please see "Internet Security without Law [1]."
How ISPs Enforce Security Norms
The Internet consists of about 41,000 autonomous systems of varying size, connected by either commercial arrangements, where one autonomous system pays another for carrying traffic (transit agreements), or arrangements without pricing (peering agreements). Termination of agreements to carry traffic, or "depeering," is an extremely effective sanction in policing malware because the vast majority of these are informal "handshake" agreements that can be terminated promptly if one party is dissatisfied with the other's security practices or responsiveness to complaints.
• Of the more than 142,000 agreements that represent 86 percent of the world's Internet carriers, 99.5 percent are "handshake" agreements.
• Service providers who are willing to tolerate cybercriminals can usually charge higher prices but are subject to the sanction of depeering.
• When two major ISPs were presented evidence that a customer was hosting cybercriminals, they severed their agreement swiftly, and global spam levels fell about two- thirds almost instantaneously, and retail fraud plummeted from nearly $250,000 daily to almost zero.
• Even though they are immune from legal liability, ISPs have systems in place to notify their users about malware infections, even though these systems raise costs, suggesting that there is significant enforcement of security norms.
Informal Enforcement Versus Formal Law
While informal enforcement does not create perfect security—which would be cost prohibitive—it likely outperforms a formal legal regime that would hold ISPs liable for damages from a malware attack.
• Informal, at-will arrangements give network operators greater flexibility in determining the appropriate level of care and allow them to respond swiftly in a fast-changing environment than the slower speed of adaption of court-determined standards, which could obsolete very soon. As malware has moved from hosting to a centralized command system to one based on a peer-to-peer design, network operators have adapted quickly, shifting from depeering the host ISP to notifying infected customers.
• Under the informal system, security concerns are addressed promptly. Failure to do so results in equally prompt punishment, such as depeering. This is both faster and less costly than a trial.
• The informal system relies heavily on cooperation between ISPs to be effective. Replacing this cooperative model with the adversarial litigation process would reduce incentives to share information and reduce the security of the Internet.
• The informal system succeeds in securing cooperation globally, whereas securing similar international cooperation across formal legal systems, with all their differences, would be far more difficult.
• Moving to a formal liability system would leave larger ISPs subject to greater exposure and less willing to link to smaller ISPs, and it would undercut the extensive peering that is at the heart of the Internet.
• The informal system eliminates the need to record data streams for use in litigation, with all its attendant costs and privacy concerns.
For as dynamic and innovative an environment as the Internet, robust informal institutions are likely to outperform formal legal institutions, which should therefore be viewed as an arbiter of last resort.
Source URL: https://www.mercatus.org/publications/technology-and-innovation/internet-security-without-law-how-service-providers-create
[1] https://www.mercatus.org/sites/default/files/Dourado-Internet-Security-Summary_v1.pdf
https://www.mercatus.org


Hello, my name is Aziz Abdulaziz, 28, Tanzanian, and on a usual day I spend most of my time behind a computer doing something related with software development.
While this remains true, in the past few months I've come to realize my passion in agriculture and was lucky enough to team up with four of my colleagues whom we shared common interest, as of April last year, PentaZeal was born.
We realize the opportunities that are available around us in our country in the field of Agriculture, and we intend to grab our share of that and in the process alleviate poverty from the rural small-scale farmers.
We are mainly interested in value addition/processing of local agricultural products, specifically vegetables and fruits, and to start with we intend to establish a chilli and tomato sauce processing factory.
Tanzania produces around 140,000 tonnes of tomatoes every year, and of that more than 25% of that is lost due to post harvest processes and lack of prompt market. The same situation also occurs with hot pepper as well, currently there are only two major processing factories for these products and we intend to be the third.
By establishing this factory, we are basically offering market for the millions of small-scale farmers who hustle to get the product ready but fail to get an adequate market for their produce. They invest their efforts to farm the product, they then sell it to us, we get the required raw materials for our products, we process them and produce a fine home-made product, and it's generally a win-win situation.
To start with on this somewhat long journey, we've started to farm chilli ourselves, once we've mastered the farming aspect of it; we'd be in a better position to guide local farmers on how to farm chilli in order to achieve best results.
The revenue we collect from our first harvest will be re-invested in chilli farming with a small portion of it set aside for site seeing and selection for factory setup.
After 6 months of production we'll have enough funds to start the initial steps of the factory establishment and in a period of 18 months from then we expect to have our first batch of production.
As of this point, our success is measured by the number of tons we harvest from our farm, but from there it'll be the establishment of the factory and the ultimate measure would be the number of tons we in take from the local farmers and the number of products we push into the market.
This is a dream of ours and by realizing this dream we will serve millions and millions more all over the world, it is my hope that you will support us in bringing this dream of ours into reality.
This post is published as proposal #406 of "YAP" – our "Youth Agripreneur Project".
Great work my brother you have made a great opportunity to yourself , to the community around you and Tanzania atlarge.
Keep it up bro and God bless.
Great idea pals, your dancing the same song with Magufuli's desire of transforming Tanzania into an industrialized nation. I can certainly tell you that, your project will change lives of many farmers in Tanzania. Go..go for this project buda!!
Agape your project is very crucial especially in the creation of new market and prividing support to the rural farmers.
However, I have tried to review the areas where you are going to allocate the funds and found that you might need a backup plan in case of emergencies.
Otherwise , you have a clear dream and work hard and pray hard to achieve it.


Let us together review where you have been on your journey..where you are at right now and where you are likely to be heading.
Living in the now is essential for you to maximise the potential that is within you right at this moment. For more clarity and understanding of how to make the very best of this powerful force be sure to contact me on BitWine!
The $10 Deal is back!


text:
News Sports Entertainment Lifestyle Opinion USA TODAY Obituaries eNewspaper Legal - NH
Dover's Festival of Trees taking place with some changes
Fosters Daily Democrat
DOVER — The Greater Dover Chamber of Commerce announced the 11th annual Dover Festival of Trees will take place in person on Friday, Dec. 4 from 4-8 p.m. at the Rivermill at Dover Landing.
Kennebunk Savings will once again serve as the underwriting sponsor for the event. Kennebunk Savings President and Chief Executive Officer Bradford C. Paige said, "We're proud to be a part this holiday tradition in Dover and continue our support for an event that creates holiday magic through all of the beautifully decorated trees."
Festival of Trees will feature over 25 trees and wreaths elaborately decorated by local businesses and organizations to be auctioned and raffled off. The Greater Dover Chamber of Commerce takes the health and safety of the community seriously, and is making modifications to ensure the event is safe and enjoyable:
Pre-registration (dovernh.org/fot) is required to limit the number of attendees in the facility at any given time. This will help ensure social distancing. This limit will be in accordance with the state and local mandates and guidelines for COVID-19.
Face masks will be required to be worn by each person in the venue.
Complimentary hand sanitizer will be available.
If the Dover area sees a significant increase in COVID-19 cases, this event will be shifted to a virtual format.
Tickets are $5 for those 13 years and older. Children 12 and under will be admitted free (registration still required). All children under 12 will receive a goodie bag sponsored by The Closet Connection. For each $5 ticket, the Greater Dover Chamber of Commerce will donate $1 to the Dover Food Pantry run by First Parish Church. The $5 admission fee also earns each person an entry into the Raffle Tree Drawing.
Those who are unable to attend can still participate by purchasing a raffle ticket for a chance to win the Raffle Tree. Tickets for the Raffle Tree are just $5, and the winner will take home a fully decorated tree and tree stand along with hundreds of dollars in gift cards to local restaurants and retailers.
Trees are still available for sponsorship by local businesses and organizations. Sponsorship is $55 for Chamber members and $75 for non-members. Sponsorship includes the tree and tree stand. The sponsor is responsible for providing all decorations and promotional items for the tree. Organizations interested in sponsorship should reach out to Community Events Manager Morgan Faustino at events@dovernh.org or call (603) 742-2218.
The Festival of Trees is a fundraiser that benefits the Dover Chamber's City Lights Committee, a volunteer group of residents and Chamber members dedicated to illuminating downtown Dover during the holiday season and hanging American flags on Central Avenue during the summer months.
Careers Staff Directory Accessibility Site Map Legal - NH Legal - Maine Our Ethical Principles Terms of Service Privacy Policy Your California Privacy Rights / Privacy Policy
© 2023 www.fosters.com. All rights reserved.


With a stay at Middleton House in Auchterarder, you'll be steps from Tullibardine Distillery and a 4-minute drive from Gleneagles. Free self parking is available onsite.
A stay at Travelodge London Central Marylebone places you in the heart of London, within a 15-minute walk of Madame Tussaud's Wax Museum and London Business School.
Located in Blaenau Ffestiniog, Ty Gorsaf is a 3-minute drive from Llechwedd Slate Caverns and 9 minutes from Dolwyddelan Castle.
With a stay at Ulceby Lodge in Ulceby, you'll be 5.9 mi (9.4 km) from Port of Immingham and 14 mi (22.5 km) from Humber Bridge. Free self parking is available onsite.
With a stay at Tudor House in Great Yarmouth, you'll be within a 5-minute walk of Pirates Cove Adventure Golf and North Beach.
With a stay at The Shellbrooke in Hunstanton, you'll be within a 5-minute walk of Hunstanton Beach and Hunstanton Heritage Centre. Free self parking is available onsite.
A stay at The Palace Hotel places you in the heart of Oban, within a 5-minute walk of Oban Distillery and McCaig's Tower.
With a stay at The Red Lion Hotel in Matlock, you'll be within a 15-minute drive of Gulliver's Kingdom and Heights of Abraham. Free self parking is available onsite.
When you stay at The Old Vicarage - Guest house in Llanidloes, you'll be 15 minutes by car from Rhayader Museum and Gallery. Free self parking is available onsite.


For those looking for the serenity of the countryside and everything of great the Algarve region has to offer, this property is ideal for you. This traditional farmhouse, located in a 50 hectare plot of land, offers incomparable privacy and exclusivity, and one could easily spend their entire holiday time exploring the vastness of the property, either taking strolls or bicycle rides through the vineyards and orange orchards.
A large supermarket, two golf courses, Slide & Splash (waterpark) and the city centre of Lagoa are all within ten minutes walking distance.
The farmhouse dates back to 1850 and was recently refurbished to offer accommodation with rustic decoration. It boasts four spacious rooms, three bathrooms, a fully equipped kitchen and an ample living room with fireplace and a snooker table. There are several outdoor areas for relaxing and enjoying the sun, a large swimming pool and a barbeque.
Set in Lagoa, Quinta Vale de Deus offers accommodation with free WiFi, air conditioning, free bikes and access to a garden with an outdoor pool. This villa provides barbecue facilities, a terrace, as well as a shared lounge. The villa features 4 bedrooms, a fully equipped kitchen with a dishwasher, and 2 bathrooms with a bath and a bidet. A flat-screen TV is provided. Guests at the villa can enjoy table tennis on site, or cycling in the surroundings. Albufeira is 29 km from Quinta Vale de Deus, while Lagos is 33 km away. Faro Airport is 60 km from the property.


text:
HomeMarketsOobit's OBT Set To Be Listed on MEXC, Bringing Host of Benefits
Oobit's OBT Set To Be Listed on MEXC, Bringing Host of Benefits
Oobit, the crypto payment gateway solution that allows for a frictionless crypto experience has sights on MEXC for listing its newly launched native ERC-20 token, the OBT. The expected listing date is the 19th of October.
OBT Enhances User Experience
Oobit has an impressive track record for giving the public a seamless way to store, use and spend cryptocurrencies. Today, it supports nearly 50 different digital tokens and coins through its mobile app.
Since its inception, Oobit has strived to provide services that allow for an easy on-ramping and adoption of cryptocurrencies. The launch of OBT, the native Oobit token, is another step towards making Oobit users' lives easier. The token underpins the OobitChain, a dedicated blockchain ecosystem of the borderless economy that the platform has been building. OBT holders will have several advantages in the Oobit ecosystem, including:
Near Instant Transactions: Jump ahead of the line and have transactions executed in a matter of seconds instead of minutes. The OBT is not only faster, but it also eliminates transaction fees when sending to another Oobit wallet or a mobile number.
Discounted Trading Fee: For users who want to swap their assets within the Oobit app, holding OBT means up to a massive 50% discount on trading fees.
Oobit Vault: OBT holders can stake their tokens to earn rewards. This is the perfect opportunity to create a passive income stream even when not actively trading cryptos.
Highest Interest Rates: Staking OBT for rewards, the Oobit ecosystem offers interest rates that are unmatched by the industry.
Complete Anonymity: As a blockchain-based token, OBT is powered by the OobitChain and provides complete end-to-end encryption. This means that OBT users have complete privacy and no prying eyes can see their financial transactions.
The OBT is already available on the platform's website and the various benefits have led to massive demand. With over 100,000 token holders already, the ERC-20 token is reshaping the crypto experience for people all over the world.
The OBT holds the additional advantage of having deflationary economics. With a total of 1 billion OBT that are created, the increased interest by users gives an upward pressure in the long term that helps increase its value over time. The longer you hold it, the more value you will get.
The Oobit Ecosystem
Oobit was established in 2017 after its founders Amram Adar and Aharon Miller faced difficulties in executing international transactions. This led the duo to Bitcoin. the ease of sending transactions using Bitcoin as an alternative that was fast, secure, and much cheaper.
Eventually, Oobit was established as a firm that made the lives of people easier. A Bitcoin wallet that was user-friendly and secure. Over the years the services expanded to include several other coins and today Oobit supports more than 50 different coins and tokens. The Oobit payment solutions are extremely easy to use. Rather than entering complex and long strings of wallet addresses (which are not only difficult to remember, but tedious to remember which address belongs to whom), Oobit users can instantly send each other payments with the simplicity of using the receiver's mobile number. Internal transactions are also faster, allowing for asset movement in a matter of seconds.
Oobit eventually launched its own blockchain, OobitChain to facilitate a more decentralized, efficient, and reliable network that offers transparency, yet offers privacy to its users.
Licensed and registered in multiple jurisdictions, Oobit is a globally regulatory-friendly platform that adheres to the strongest financial laws. The platform also offers the additional safety of using end-to-end MPC wallets and insurance of assets through a cold custodian storage.
The post Oobit's OBT Set To Be Listed on MEXC, Bringing Host of Benefits appeared first on CryptoMode.


text:
Eastside Baptist Church
Lord's Day Worship Gatherings are at 10:30 a.m. and 5:30 p.m.
Eastside Baptist
The Gospel of Jesus Christ
SermonAudio Archive
(currently) Isaiah
1st Chronicles
1st Timothy
1st Peter
2nd Peter
Mid-Week Prayer Gathering
PaulThompsonBlog.com
Paul became Pastor of Eastside Baptist Church, June 2001.
Paul and his wife Renee were married December 20, 1986. They have
two sons; David lives in Twin Falls, Idaho. Silas and Bianca and granddaughter Ruth who also live in Twin Falls, Idaho.
Born: October 20, 1966
Born Again: September, 1975
Called to Ministry: 1985
Hobbies: reading, hiking, camping, kite flying, gardening
Favorite foods: Pizza, Peanut butter and Jelly Sandwich, Stir Fry
Favorite Drinks: Raspberry or Strawberry Limeade and Diet Coke with vanilla (from Sonic)
Influential Books: Bible, Romans; "Screwtape Letters" - C.S. Lewis; "Raising a Modern Day Knight" - Robert Lewis; "Brothers, We Are Not Professionals" - John Piper; "the Holy War" - John Bunyan; "Alarm to the Unconverted" - Joseph Alliene
Paul is also director of New Horizon Home in Port-au-Prince, Haiti.
Paul has been Vice President of the Saudi Advocacy Network, a network of believers praying that the Gospel will reach Saudi's in Saudi Arabia, served as vice president of the Utah/Idaho Southern Baptist Convention, president of the Utah Idaho Southern Baptist Convention, and moderator of the Magic Valley Baptist Association.
Blog: www.PaulThompsonBlog.com
Frequent Web sites: The Briefing,
9Marks.org, MentalFloss.com, Tim Challies,
John Martinez
John was called as associate pastor of Eastside in January of 2006.
John has been married to Shari since August 15,1987.
They have two grown daughters Jessica lives in Colorado, and Julia lives in Twin Falls, Idaho.
Born Again: Summer 1975
Called to Ministry: Summer 1982
Hobbies: Fishing (any type) and hunting
Favorite Foods: New Mexico Green Chile on anything, avocados, most wild game.
Favorite Drink: 'Milky Way' (caramel mocha) and sometimes Dr. Pepper.
Influential books: the Bible, The Epistle James, "Up With Worship" - Ann Ortlund (out of print)
Inspirational Activities: I love to lead and see others worship. I am constantly looking for new ideas, media, songs and books to teach me how to help others connect with God.
John is also chaplain for the Idaho National Guard
Mark became an Elder/Pastor of Eastside Baptist Church, August 2017.
Mark and his wife India were married August 18, 1984. They have two sons, both married; Hyder and Devry King, with grandson Grayson live in Twin Falls, Idaho. Johnathon and Briana King live in Bloomsburg, Pennsylvania. They also have one daughter, also married; Amber and Jesse Perez, with grandson Hunter and granddaughter Emerson also live in Twin Falls, Idaho.
Born Again: October 12, 1982
Education: Masters of Science (Texas A&M Univ); Diploma in Pastoral Ministries (Golden Gate Seminary)
Hobbies: Fly Fishing, Kayaking, Camping
Favorite Foods: Cheeseburgers and Chinese (Lemon Chicken)
Favorite Drinks: Coke and Lemon/Berry Slush (from Sonic)
Influential Books: Bible (God), "The Reason for God" (Tim Keller), "Don't Waste Your Life" (John Piper), "Choosing Forgiveness" (Nancy Demoss), "TableTalk Magazine" (Ligonier Ministries and R.C. Sproul)
Mark works full time as Senior Project Manager with online marketing agency, PlacementSEO. He is retired from the military having spent 26 years in the Army National Guard and Army Reserves. Before entering the ministry, Mark worked 16 years as an Environmental Scientist with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the U.S. Forest Service. He has served as a pastor for 11 years in Wyoming, while also serving 3 years as Chairman of the Wyoming Southern Baptist Convention's Executive Board.
Mark's Current Bucket List: Fly Fish in New Zealand and Alaska; Watch the Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade from a room directly above the parade route; and, travel in Ireland and Australia.
Copyright Eastside Baptist Church © 2017 | All rights reserved.
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text:
Find UN Data, Resources, News and more...
About the UN
The UN in Serbia
UN Entities in Serbia
The Resident Coordinator Office
Our Team in Serbia
Sustainable Development Group
UN in Serbia calls for promoting culture of dialogue, tolerance and equality at the Music for Peace concert marking the 77th anniversary of the Organization
Photo: © UN Serbia/Oliver Bunic
Belgrade, 24 – October 2022
On the occasion of 77th anniversary of the United Nations, the UN in Serbia, jointly with the Government of Serbia, launch the Music for Peace concert, for a moment to celebrate peace, diversity and solidarity among citizens, communities and nations.
This unique event brings together more than 15 talented artists of different cultural, social and national backgrounds from 10 countries – within the Balkans region and beyond - in a unique performance in Belgrade, calling for Peace around the world, silencing the guns, and promoting international solidarity and cooperation to build a better, safer, and more sustainable world and future for all.
"I would like to renew the UN call for all responsible parties to shape solutions, policies, political and diplomatic decisions that bring people together, and build social cohesion. We call for citizens and their representatives to nurture solidarity, diversity, dignity and non-discrimination for all, in other words, to promote a culture of peace, dialog, tolerance, and equality – every day, in every circumstance," says Francoise Jacob, UN Resident Coordinator in Serbia. "As we mark UN Day, we renew our hope, trust and conviction in what we can achieve when we work together. The UN team is committed to support the new government and all our partners here, towards an accelerated implementation of Agenda 2030," she stressed.
One of the important roles of the United Nations is in conflict prevention, using diplomacy, good offices and mediation. "To have a chance at peace, lasting, sustaining peace here in the region, in Europe and in the world, we have to be committed, persistent, inclusive in our quest. We have to acknowledge and be at peace with our differences, engage all champions of peace, with participation of the youngest and the oldest, women and men, businesses, academia, students, community leaders - everyone. In our joint efforts for peace, Serbia will continue to have a steadfast partner in the United Nations, including in its political, peacebuilding and peace effort," says Mari Yamashita, Representative of the SG and Head of UN Office in Belgrade.
Photo: © UNHCR Serbia / Dragan Mitic
The Republic of Serbia is a reliable partner of the United Nations in achieving common goals "A special priority is achieving the goals of the Agenda for Sustainable Development by 2030, and in relation to the objectives we consider activities at the national level, focused on a wide range of issues, among which I would like to stress the importance of gender equality, protection and empowerment of the position of women and vulnerable categories", said Acting Assistant Minister of Foreign Affairs for Multilateral Cooperation. "In cooperation with the United Nations, concrete steps are being taken in the area of faster progress in achieving the fight against climate change, a sustainable, green and inclusive economy and social equality," Milanovic added.
About the United Nations Day
24 October marks the anniversary of the day in 1945 when the UN Charter entered into force. UN Day, celebrated every year, offers the opportunity to amplify our Common Agenda and reaffirm the purposes and principles of the UN Charter that have guided us for the past 77 years.
UN entities involved in this initiative
Goals we are supporting through this initiative
United Nations Serbia
Welcome to the United Nations country team website of Serbia
Office of the UN Resident Coordinator in Serbia
UN House
Bulevar Zorana Đinđića 64, 11070 New Belgrade
Find out what the UN in Serbia is doing towards the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals.
SDGs SDGs
Our work on the Sustainable Development Goals.
Take Action Take Action
Let's Take Action Towards the Sustainable Development Goals
Find out more about our work towards the Sustainable Development Goals.
Learn about employment opportunities across the UN in Serbia.
© Copyright 2023 United Nations in Serbia


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Vulgärlatin (på latin, sermo vulgaris) är ett samlingsnamn för de dialekter som talades framför allt i de västra provinserna av det Romerska riket fram till omkring 800-talet, då dessa dialekter utvecklades till de skilda romanska språken.

Detta talade latin skilde sig från det skrivna klassiska latinet i såväl uttal som ordförråd och grammatik. Vissa kännetecken utvecklades inte förrän under kejsardömets sista tid medan andra sannolikt fanns i åtminstone basilektala former långt tidigare. Med de flesta definitioner av vulgärlatin avses endast det talade språket, eftersom tecken tyder på att latinet bryts upp i dialekter under den här perioden och eftersom ingen gjorde en fonetisk kodifiering av latinskt tal under perioden måste den som vill studera vulgärlatinet göra det med indirekta metoder.

Vår kunskap om vulgärlatin härrör framför allt från tre olika källor. För det första kan jämförande metoder rekonstruera de språkliga förändringar som ledde till utvecklingen av de romanska språken och notera de förändringar som måste ha skett i det klassiska latinet. För det andra finns ett antal grammatiska texter där författare pekar ut och fördömer en rad olika språkliga fel som talare av latin tydligen ofta gjorde, vilket ger insikt i hur latinet faktiskt användes. Slutligen kan man iaktta förändringar i bevarade texter från senare latinska texter.

Vad var vulgärlatin?

Själva ordet vulgär betyder helt enkelt vanlig: det härstammar från det latinska vulgaris, vanlig eller folklig. Det innebär alltså inte, att detta latin var vad som nu avses med vulgärt, det vill säga att det skulle ha innehållit extremt många "fula" eller "förbjudna" ord. Vulgärlatin har inom studiet av latin flera olika meningar.

Det talade latinet i det romerska riket. Klassiskt latin var sedan länge ett tämligen artificiellt språk, och det latin som fördes av romerska soldater till Gallien eller Dacien var knappast detsamma som det som möter Ciceros läsare. Enligt denna definition är vulgärlatin ett talat språk, motsvarat i skrivna källor av "sent latin" (vilket skiljer sig något från det klassiska latinet från tiden fram till det första århundradet e.Kr.).
Den hypotetiska föregångaren till de vardagliga romanska dialekterna. Detta är språk som inte kan beläggas annat än i några spridda fragment och graffiti. Det var ett latin som genomgått ett antal viktiga förändringar i ljudbilden vilka kan rekonstrueras av lingvister utifrån de förändringar som kan iakttas i de romanska språken som är latinets direkta efterföljare.
Mer begränsande, dialekterna norr och öst om linjen La Spezia-Rimini, i Frankrike, på iberiska halvön och även den dåligt kända dialekt som talades i de västra afrikanska provinserna, alltså de dialekter som var föregångare till de västromanska språken. Enligt detta synsätt antas italienska, rumänska och dalmatiska ha utvecklats separat.
Ett antal nymodigheter som uppträder i vissa sena latinska texter, till exempel Peregrinatio Aetheriae (en nunnas beskrivning av en pilgrimsfärd till Palestina och Sinai (300-talet)) eller de efterlämnade verken av Gregorius av Tours. Skrivna texter på vulgärlatin är sällsynta och har stort värde för filologer eftersom de bland annat genom misstag visar hur språket egentligen brukades.

En del litterära verk av mindre avancerad språklig typ ger glimtar av vulgärlatinets värld. Plautus och Terentius använder till exempel i sin dramatik ofta slavar som roller och bevarar i deras repliker många tidiga latinska uttryck, liksom Petronius Arbiters bevarade Cena Trimalchionis.

Vulgärlatinet utvecklades efterhand i olika riktning i de olika romerska provinserna och gav gradvis upphov till de moderna språken franska, italienska, spanska, portugisiska, rumänska, katalanska och så vidare. Även om det officiella språket i provinsen var latin så var det språk som talades ett lokalt vulgärlatin till dess att denna lokala form skilt sig så mycket från den skrivna normen att ett nytt standardspråk blev en nödvändighet. När det lokala språket mognat tillräckligt anses förstås vulgärlatinet i det området vara ett dött språk. När dialekten uppfattas som urskiljbar med tillräckliga kännetecken betecknas de som de romanska språken (jämför Oïl, Oc, Si).

200-talet antas vara den tidsperiod då förutom deklinationer en stor del av ordförrådet förändrades (till exempel equus → caballus). Nyare studier har föreslagit att uttalet förändrades under samma tidsperiod, och att en särskilt stor förändring skulle ha skett i trakten av Neapel. Förändringarna var dock inte desamma i hela riket. Nästan alla slutsatser i frågan om vulgärlatinets utveckling är baserade på efterhandskonstruktioner och inte på samtida material.

Vulgärlatinet fortlevde i flera sekler efter Västroms fall, eftersom till dess ett nytt oberoende språk hade formats kom de att använda latin när de skulle uttrycka sig i skrift. Vid det tredje konciliet i Tours 813 anbefalldes prästerna att predika på det lokala tungomålet för att vara förståeliga - antingen rustica lingua romanica, alltså det lokala vulgärlatinet, nu klart åtskilt från det i tiden frusna kyrkans klassiska latin, eller på det tyska språket. Bara en generation senare, 842 i Strasbourg då två av Karl den stores arvingar bevittnade ett avtal, användes ett språk som alldeles tydligt inte var latin:

Pro Deo amur et pro christian poblo et nostro commun salvament, d'ist di en avant, in quant Deus savir et podir me dunat, si salvarai eo cist meon fradre Karlo, et in aiudha et in cadhuna cosa. . .

(För Guds kärlek och det kristna folket och allas vår frälsning, från denna dag och i hädanefter, givet att Gud ger mig kunskap och kraft, skall jag försvara min broder Karl med min hjälp i allt. . .)

Latin
Utdöda språk
Språk i Europa


text:
package com.vinexs.tool;

import android.graphics.Bitmap;
import android.graphics.BitmapFactory;
import android.graphics.Matrix;
import android.util.Log;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.InputStream;

@SuppressWarnings("unused")
public class ImageResizer {
    public String filePath = null;

    public ImageResizer(String filePath) {
        this.filePath = filePath;
    }

    public Bitmap readWithinSize(float targetWidth, float targetHeight) {
        InputStream inputStream;
        Bitmap bitmap;
        BitmapFactory.Options options = new BitmapFactory.Options();
        options.inJustDecodeBounds = true;
        try {
            BitmapFactory.decodeFile(this.filePath, options);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            Log.e("ImageResizer", "Unable to decode file.", e);
            return null;
        }
        if (options.outWidth > targetWidth || options.outHeight > targetHeight) {
            Log.d("ImageResizer", "Image file is larger than expected, process resize.");
            try {
                inputStream = new FileInputStream(new File(this.filePath));
            } catch (Exception e) {
                Log.e("ImageResizer", "Unable to read file.", e);
                return null;
            }
            bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(inputStream);
            int scaWidth;
            int scaHeight;
            if (options.outHeight > options.outWidth) {
                scaWidth = (int) ((float) options.outWidth / ((float) options.outHeight / targetHeight));
                scaHeight = (int) targetHeight;
            } else {
                scaWidth = (int) targetWidth;
                scaHeight = (int) ((float) options.outHeight / ((float) options.outWidth / targetWidth));
            }
            Matrix matrix = new Matrix();
            float ScaleWidthRatio = (float) scaWidth / (float) options.outWidth;
            float ScaleHeightRatio = (float) scaHeight / (float) options.outHeight;
            matrix.postScale(ScaleWidthRatio, ScaleHeightRatio);
            Log.d("ImageResizer", "Original Image Size is " + options.outWidth + " : " + options.outHeight + ".");
            Log.d("ImageResizer", "Return Image Size is " + scaWidth + " : " + scaHeight + ".");
            Log.d("ImageResizer", "Resize ratio " + ScaleWidthRatio + " : " + ScaleHeightRatio + ".");
            return Bitmap.createBitmap(bitmap, 0, 0, options.outWidth, options.outHeight, matrix, true);
        } else {
            Log.d("ImageResizer", "Image file size in range.");
            try {
                inputStream = new FileInputStream(new File(this.filePath));
            } catch (Exception e) {
                Log.d("ImageResizer", "Read Image File with exception -> " + e.toString());
                return null;
            }
            return BitmapFactory.decodeStream(inputStream);
        }
    }

    public Bitmap rotate(int degree) {
        BitmapFactory.Options options = new BitmapFactory.Options();
        options.inJustDecodeBounds = true;
        Bitmap bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeFile(this.filePath, options);
        int imageWidth = bitmap.getWidth();
        int imageHeight = bitmap.getHeight();
        Matrix matrix = new Matrix();
        matrix.postRotate(degree);
        return Bitmap.createBitmap(bitmap, 0, 0, imageWidth, imageHeight, matrix, true);
    }

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub