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Haiti's president assassinated: 5 essential reads to give you key history and insight
Catesby Holmes, The Conversation
The assassination of Haitian President Jovenel Moïse risks destabilizing the Caribbean country, which was already in crisis over alarmingly high violence and Moïse's increasingly undemocratic behavior.
Here's some essential background on Haiti, starting with the painful history that underlies so much of Haiti's modern struggles.
1. France's 'extortion'
Haiti officially declared its independence from colonizer France in 1804 after a revolutionary war staged by enslaved laborers and inspired by the American Revolution.
But the French "never quite gave up on reconquering their former colony," according to Marlene Daut, a historian of Haiti at the University of Virginia.
Between 1814 and 1825, France sent repeated delegations to Haiti to negotiate with its new leaders about restoring some formal relationship with France. When that failed, King Charles X in 1825 decreed that France would recognize Haitian independence, but only if the new country paid France the exorbitant price of 150 million francs.
A facsimile of a bank note for 30 million francs that Haiti borrowed from a French bank. Lepelletier de Saint-Remy, 'Étude Et Solution Nouvelle de la Question Haïtienne.'
"The sum was meant to compensate the French colonists for their lost revenues from slavery," says Daut. "Rejection of the ordinance almost certainly meant war."
Under threat of violence, the Haitian leader, Jean-Pierre Boyer, signed a document agreeing to pay France "in five equal installments … the sum of 150,000,000 francs, destined to indemnify the former colonists."
The deal forced Haiti to take out enormous loans. The young nation defaulted on them, despite Boyer's levying punishing taxes on the Haitian people in his failed effort to pay them off. Its debt to France took 122 years to pay off.
"This was not diplomacy," Daut says of France's demand for payment. "It was extortion."
2. US occupation
By the 20th century, the United States was the foreign country exerting undue control over Haiti's ailing economy.
It did so through a combination of military might, political maneuvering and private investment, writes Florida State University Professor Vincent Joos, who studies Haiti's economy.
The American military occupied Haiti from 1915 to 1934 and controlled its government. During that period, the U.S. designed Haiti's economic and social policies to attract foreign investment.
U.S. Marines marching in Haiti in 1934. Bettman/Corbis
"In practice, that meant keeping Haitian wages, corporate taxes and tariffs low," says Joos. "In exchange, the theory went, foreign investment would bring infrastructure development and jobs, benefiting all Haitians."
Part of the Americans' plan worked: American agricultural firms did begin profitably growing cash crops like coffee, bananas and sugar in Haiti in the 1910s and 1920s. Later, U.S. businesses and military agencies established rubber plantations and textile factories there.
But Haiti's export-focused economic model hasn't benefited its people.
"After decades of extremely business-friendly policies, three-quarters of Haitians still live on less than US$2.40 a day," writes Joos.
3. The earthquake
On Jan. 12, 2010, a massive earthquake left Haiti in shambles – physically, economically and politically. Upwards of 300,000 people were killed and nearly 1.5 million of Haiti's 10 million people instantly became homeless.
Researcher Joseph Jr Clormeus was in Port-au-Prince that day and survived the earthquake. Some of his colleagues "lost their lives while others were having limbs amputated to escape certain death under the rubble," he recalls. "Outside, corpses littered the streets of the capital."
Scenes of rubble in Port-au-Prince on Jan. 29, 2010, a few weeks after the earthquake. Benjamin Lowy/Getty Images
Last year, on the 10th anniversary of the quake, Clormeus and co-authors Jean-François Savard and Emmanuel Sael wrote a story assessing Haiti's stalled recovery.
"Haiti hasn't recovered from this disaster, despite billions of dollars being spent in the country," they concluded.
One big problem, according to their analysis: Haiti's government was weak after decades of dictatorship in the 20th century and a series of unstable democratic administrations in the 21st.
Clormeus, Savard and Sael also blame the international-led disaster recovery effort for Haiti's continued struggles.
After the earthquake, hundreds of foreign aid agencies and international organizations like the Red Cross flooded into Haiti, intending to help. But "there was no coordination in the interventions of friendly countries in order to optimize the efforts on behalf of the victims," write Clormeus, Savard and Sael.
The international community "failed to meet a humanitarian challenge of such magnitude."
4. Austerity and foreign influence
The international community has also failed in its efforts to alleviate the privation and struggle of the Haitian people. The average income is $5 a day, and many people live on much less.
Haiti's government, likewise, remains cash-strapped. It is frequently unable to provide basic services like trash collection or to hold timely elections.
The country "runs on borrowed funds," says Florida State's Vincent Joos.
Loans sometimes fund 20% of Haiti's national budget. That gives lending institutions like the International Monetary Fund outsized influence on domestic policies. In 2018, deadly protests erupted over gas prices after Haiti's creditors recommended ending petroleum subsidies.
Protesters set up roadblocks to disrupt traffic and commerce along key streets in Port-au-Prince, Haiti's capital, in 2018. AP Photo/Dieu Nalio Chery
The International Monetary Fund's "de facto control over the economy" of Haiti dates back decades – as do popular uprisings against it, says Joos.
5. Crisis under Moïse
Long-standing discontent with Haiti's unequal economy and its ineffective government grew during President Jovenel Moïse's 4 ½-year term.
Moïse's killing followed months of sustained protests demanding his resignation after he refused to vacate the presidency, which was meant to end in February. Moïse said he planned to modify the Haitian constitution to allow him to stay in office even longer.
"Moïse had been ruling by decree," Tamanisha John, a Caribbean studies scholar at Florida International University, explained after the president's assassination. "He effectively shuttered the Haitian legislature by refusing to hold parliamentary elections scheduled for January 2020 and summarily dismissed all of the country's elected mayors in July 2020, when their terms expired."
Moïse at the 2018 Summit of The Americas in Lima, Peru. He was assassinated on July 7, 2021. Manuel Medir/Getty Images
Moïse – the chosen successor of Haiti's unpopular last president, Michel Martelly – lost the trust of the Haitian people early, according to John. In 2017, the frst year of his administration, Moïse was implicated in an embezzlement scandal in which at least $700,000 of public money was allegedly funneled into the banana business he owned.
Though Moïse is dead, his party retains power. Prime Minister Claude Joseph, appointed by Moïse on an interim basis in April after the sitting prime minister resigned, controls Haiti for now. The country, he says, is in a "state of siege."
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Catesby Holmes, International Editor | Politics Editor, The Conversation
Charlene is a Bay Area journalist who hails from the small community of Fresno. Drawing from her experience writing for her college paper, Charlene continues to advocate for free press and local journalism. She also volunteers in all the beach cleanups she can because she loves the water.


Due to the aeging of the population, there is a societal need for workers to prolong their working lives. In the Netherlands, many employees still leave the workforce before the official retirement age of 65. Previous quantitative research showed that poor self-perceived health is a risk factor of (non-disability) early retirement. However, little is known on how poor health may lead to early retirement, and why poor health leads to early retirement in some employees, but not in others. Therefore, the present qualitative study aims to identify in which ways health influences early retirement.
Face-to-face semi-structured interviews were conducted with 30 employees (60–64 years) who retired before the official retirement age of 65. Participants were selected from the Study on Transitions in Employment, Ability and Motivation. The interviews were transcribed verbatim, a summary was made including a timeline, and the interviews were open coded.
In 15 of the 30 persons, health played a role in early retirement. Both poor and good health influenced early retirement. For poor health, four pathways were identified. First, employees felt unable to work at all due to health problems. Second, health problems resulted in a self-perceived (future) decline in the ability to work, and employees chose to retire early. Third, employees with health problems were afraid of a further decline in health, and chose to retire early. Fourth, employees with poor health retired early because they felt pushed out by their employer, although they themselves did not experience a reduced work ability. A good health influenced early retirement, since persons wanted to enjoy life while their health still allowed to do so. The financial opportunity to retire sometimes triggered the influence of poor health on early retirement, and often triggered the influence of good health. Employees and employers barely discussed opportunities to prolong working life.
Poor and good health influence early retirement via several different pathways. To prolong working life, a dialogue between employers and employees and tailored work-related interventions may be helpful.
Many industrialized countries are confronted with an aeging workforce, since the baby-boom generation ages, fertility rates have declined and younger workers enter the labour market later . The ratio of retired elderly to the active working population is increasing, which causes a higher pressure on public finance. Therefore, there is a societal need for workers to extend their working lives. Although the average retirement age in the Netherlands increased from 60.9 years in 2001 to 63.1 years in 2011, many workers still leave the workforce before the official retirement age of 65 .
Previous research on work disability pensions showed that workers with specific diseases, such as depression , rheumatoid arthritis , diabetes , or cancer  have a higher risk of an early exit from the work force due to work disability. A recent review study showed that poor perceived health is also a risk factor of early retirement without compensated work disability , though the association is less strong than with disability pensions . In this review moderately increased risks of early retirement were found in four of the six studies that were included (OR/HR/RR 1.28 to 1.86), a high risk was found in one study (OR 3.36) and no significant relation between health and early retirement was found in another study. The differences between these studies might be explained by the fact that poor perceived health may result in early retirement in some employees or circumstances, but not in others.
Although several longitudinal studies identified poor health as a predictor of early retirement, there is little understanding on how poor health may lead to early retirement. Second, little is known on why poor health leads to early retirement in some situations, but not in others. Third, the influence of good health on early retirement has barely been studied. More insight in the role of health in early retirement could be helpful to design interventions aiming to prolong persons working life despite health problems. Hence, the present study aims to identify through which pathways health influences early retirement.
This qualitative study was part of a larger qualitative investigation on why persons retire early. The present study focuses on health-related reasons of early retirement. Non-health related reasons of early retirement are described elsewhere (Reeuwijk, De Wind, Westerman, Ybema, Van der Beek, Geuskens, submitted).
Face-to-face semi-structured interviews with Dutch employees who retired early were conducted. Early retirement referred to retirement before the official retirement age of 65, and excluded persons who retired early due to (partially) compensated work disability or unemployment. Persons reporting compensated work disability or unemployment were excluded because previous research suggested that different factors underlie these transitions out of work .
The participants were selected from the Study on Transitions in Employment, Ability and Motivation (STREAM) . The aim of this prospective cohort study is to identify in what circumstances persons aged 45 to 64 years prolong their working life, while maintaining good health and good work productivity. In total 15,118 persons were included in STREAM in 2010.
Inclusion criteria for the present study were: (1) persons had a paid job as an employee at the time of STREAM 2010, (2) retired before the age of 65 in the last 12 months or were going to retire early in the next six months and already formally arranged this with their employer at the time of the interview, and (3) were aged 58 to 64 years at the time of the interview. Moreover persons had given permission in the STREAM 2010 questionnaire to be contacted for additional research.
To ensure heterogeneity in the study participants, participants were purposefully selected  based on age, educational level, and their intention to retire in 2010. We selected on age, since different reasons might underlie retirement in those that retired at a relatively young age (e.g. 59 years) compared to those that retired at a higher age (e.g. 64 years). Similarly, educational differences in reasons of early retirement may exist, e.g. due to exposure to different physical and psychosocial working conditions. The intention to retire was assessed with one question in the STREAM questionnaire in 2010, i.e. 'Are you planning to stop working in the next 12 months?'. This item could be answered on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from 'certainly not' to 'certainly'. Persons who answered 'maybe', 'probably' or 'certainly' were eligible to be contacted for the present study. We selected purposefully on this characteristic to assure that both persons in which longstanding processes and persons in which more sudden events influenced early retirement were included. We chose not to contact persons who answered 'certainly not' or 'probably not', because we assumed early retirement would be rare in these persons. Health was not taken into account in the selection of participants.
Between July 2011 and October 2011, 221 persons were contacted by telephone to check whether they met the inclusion criteria (Figure 1). The aim and content of the interview study was explained and their willingness to participate in a face-to-face interview was checked. Eighty-eight persons did not meet the selection criteria. They either had not retired yet and no formalized arrangements with their employer to do so in the next six months, or went on early retirement due to compensated work disability. In total 91 persons could not be reached by telephone. These persons were called at least once again after one or two weeks. Since telephone calls were made during day time on working days, it could be hypothesized that a substantial proportion of those that could not be reached were still employed. Twelve persons were unwilling to participate. Reasons were personal circumstances (N=4), no time (N=2), unwillingness to talk about work history and early retirement (N=2), and miscellaneous reasons (N=4). The first 30 persons who were eligible and gave permission for an interview were enrolled in this study.
Inclusion of the study participants.
Prior to the beginning of the study, a comprehensive semi-structured interview guide was created based on the life course perspective  and determinants of early retirement according to the literature. The life course perspective considers transitions from work to retirement as a part of the life course. The processes leading to the transition are influenced by someone's individual history and characteristics, and the context of the transition. The life course perspective has previously been used to understand how persons experience (the transition to) retirement . According to the literature, early retirement may be influenced by determinants in the following domains: health, job characteristics, skills and knowledge, social factors, and financial factors [7, 13–16]. The interview guide was pilot tested, and minor adjustments were made.
Before the start of the interview, the interviewer introduced herself, and again explained the aim and content of the study and the interview. Subsequently, open-ended questions focused on six topics. The first part was aimed at getting acquainted with the interviewee and focused on the personal situation and home situation. The second part was directed to the person's work history and job-job transitions. Together with the participant, the interviewer created a timeline of the interviewee's work history and other important (positive or negative) events, such as education, marriage, divorce, birth, death of family or friends, and periods of illness. The third part focused on the reasons why an interviewee had retired early, or had made arrangements to do so. Understanding of the reasons for early retirement was gained through in-depth follow-up questions. For example, if a person mentioned poor health as a reason for early retirement, the interviewer asked why poor health was a reason for early retirement, since when poor health was a problem, and how poor health had caused early retirement. The fourth part focused on the timing of the transition from work to early retirement. The fifth part focused on circumstances under which the interviewee would have prolonged working life. The last part of the interview concentrated on satisfaction with the transition from work to early retirement, the present situation, and the perceived future.
The interviews were carried out by the first author (AdW). The interviewer was familiar with interview techniques, such as clarification, paraphrasing and summarizing. During most of the interviews, a second interviewer was present who took notes (KR or DR). The interviewers did not have a prior relationship with any of the participants. The interviews were carried out in participants' homes throughout The Netherlands, except for one person, who, upon request, was interviewed at work. Interviews were digitally recorded. All participants agreed to this procedure. On average interviews lasted 80 min (range: 40–156 min). During 9 interviews non-participants were present (spouse (N=7), spouse and daughter (N=1), and granddaughter (N=1)). In one interview the spouse helped the respondent come up with ideas about what was asked. In two interviews the spouse interfered substantially. Issues brought up by these spouses were interpreted with caution in the analysis.
Analysis of the interviews took place in four steps. First, the interviews were transcribed fully verbatim. All interviews were listened to at least twice and compared to the transcriptions to check accuracy.
Second, 10 interviews were independently summarized, using transcriptions and field notes, and open-coded by AdW and KR. The aim of this step was to understand why and how the transition from work to early retirement had taken place in these persons. Afterwards, AdW and KR discussed summaries, timelines, codes, and coding trees extensively, and reached consensus.
In the third step, the remaining 20 interviews were summarized, and open-coded by either AdW or KR. Summaries and coded interviews were cross-checked, and AdW and KR regularly met to discuss findings. During these meetings, data saturation was monitored. No new information on reasons of early retirement was derived from the last interviews.
In the fourth step, AdW extracted parts about health from the transcriptions of all interviews. AdW open coded these parts in more detail, and discussed the findings extensively with KR. The aim of this step was to investigate the role of health in the transition from work to early retirement in more detail.
Parallel to the four steps described above, AdW and KR regularly met to compare interviews. Leading questions during these discussions were: (1) what similarities can be identified between the stories of the interviewees, and (2) why did certain processes take place in some persons, but not in others. To enhance robustness of the findings, main results were also discussed with other project members (MW and GG). In order to manage the data of the interviews, the computer package for qualitative analysis Atlas.ti 6 was used.
The Medical Ethics Committee of the VU University Medical Center Amsterdam declared that no ethical approval was needed to conduct this study. Informed consent was obtained verbally from all participants during the telephone conversation, in which persons were invited for the interview.
Characteristics of the study participants are shown in Table 1. Twenty-three persons retired in the last 12 months and 7 employees were going to retire in the coming six months. The median of the retirement age was 61 years (range 60–64). In total 15 of the 30 participants mentioned that their own health played a role in early retirement. Health influenced early retirement in various ways. First, physical and mental health problems influenced early retirement. Second, 'good health' emerged as a factor that influenced early retirement.
'Poor health' was (one of) the reason(s) to retire early in 12 of the 30 participants. Most persons who mainly retired early because of 'poor health' experienced a gradual decline in health. Poor health was the main reason to retire in some persons, whereas it was one of a variety of reasons in others. Poor health resulted in early retirement through four different pathways.
However, during re-examination of her work disability pension, her insurance physician approved her for a 16 hour working week. Both this woman and her employer thought she was not able to work anymore, and together they concluded early retirement would be the best solution. She experienced early retirement as the only possible escape from work.
This man also felt that he was a burden to his colleagues by being absent on a regularly basis.
In some persons, negative events at work or certain working conditions, such as aggression, high work pressure, and conflicts, underlied the influence of poor health on early retirement. For example, a 60-year old policeman explained that a traumatic experience when he just started working had bothered him during the rest of his career. He explained that he had suffered from increasing fears in stressful situations and a declining mental health. This was the main reason for him to retire as soon as possible.
In the second and third pathway discussed above, the decision to retire early was often triggered by the financial opportunity to do so. Participants either had personal savings, or could claim a special financial arrangement from their employers. The 60-year old civil servant, mentioned above, for example, explained it would be stupid to risk his health by continuing to work.
No pressure was felt from the employer or colleagues to retire early. Most persons did not discuss opportunities to (further) adjust the demands of the job to their abilities with their employer. One person reported that she proposed job redesign to extend working life, but according to her employer there were no opportunities within the organisation to do so. Although early retirement was experienced to be voluntary, most of these persons originally had not intended to retire (this) early.
He was overqualified for this job. The employer was not satisfied with this new situation. They made clear the company wanted to let him go, and proposed a financial arrangement for early retirement. This man was very disappointed in his company. Nevertheless, after tough negotiations, he accepted an adjusted financial arrangement. Although it was a choice to accept the proposed arrangement, it did not feel like a choice to him. The company at least did not create a situation in which this man could have decided to continue working in a pleasant way.
In these employees, continuing to work did not fit into their perspective of the future. What they wanted to do in life, while still in good health, did not match with what they expected to be able to do while working. These kind of processes occurred both in persons who enjoyed their work and found it important, and in persons who did not enjoy their work and merely did it for a living. Persons did not discuss opportunities to adjust certain job characteristics with their employer, such as working hours and flexibility, to reach a better fit between their job and private lives.
The aim of the present study was to identify through which pathways health influences early retirement. Face-to-face semi-structured interviews with thirty Dutch employees who retired before the age of 65 were conducted. Both poor and good health played a role in early retirement. Poor physical or mental health influenced early retirement through four different pathways, i.e. (a) persons felt unable to work at all due to health problems, (b) poor health resulted in a self-perceived decline in the (future) ability to work, (c) employees were afraid of a further decline in health, (d) or employees with a poor health felt pushed out by their employer, although they themselves did not experience a decline in their ability to work. Good health influenced early retirement, since persons wanted to enjoy life while their health still allowed to do so. The financial opportunity to retire sometimes triggered the influence of poor health on early retirement, and often triggered the influence of good health.
Earlier studies have shown that poor health is a predictor of early retirement . However, it remained largely unclear how poor health influences early retirement. The qualitative nature of the present study allowed us to distinguish different pathways through which poor health influences early retirement. To the knowledge of the authors, the present study is the first study that was able to identify such pathways. Furthermore, the present study identified an additional health-related reason for early retirement, i.e. good health. This is in line with findings from van Solinge and Henkens , who showed that employees with a shorter subjective life expectancy more often intended to retire early than those who expected a longer life span. Our finding that good health, in addition to poor health, influenced early retirement, may partially explain why some previous quantitative studies did not find a significant relationship between health and early retirement .
In agreement with earlier studies, we found that the financial situation of the household and the opportunity to make use of various retirement schemes or financial arrangements played a role in early retirement . The importance of financial factors differed between the different pathways. The financial opportunity to retire sometimes triggered the influence of poor health on early retirement, and often triggered the influence of good health on early retirement. At the time the interviews were conducted, early retirement schemes were highly accessible in the Netherlands. Leaving the labour market before the statutory retirement age was even described as an offer employees could not refuse . Since these favorable arrangements will disappear in the near future, the financial opportunities to retire early will decline as well. This might affect the pathways via which health influences early retirement, and the proportion of employees in which it does so. For example, persons who experience they are not able to work due to 'poor health' may no longer retire early, but may receive disability pensions, or, if not eligible for this, may become unemployed. Persons who are afraid of a further decline in health may get more health problems. Furthermore, good health might still be a reason to retire early, but in a smaller proportion of the employees who can financially afford to retire early.
The relationship between health and early retirement seems to be in line with the person-job-fit approach . This approach assumes that there needs to be a 'fit' between a person and his job to feel healthy, to enjoy work and to perform well in the job. Edwards distinguished two types of fit: demands-abilities fit and need-supply fit . Demands-abilities fit exists if the demands of the job match with someone's abilities. Need-supply fit exists if attitude and motivation of an employee match with the work context. Accordingly, in the present study poor health influenced early retirement due to a misfit between the job demands and the (perceived future) ability to perform the working tasks, without worsening health problems. Good health influenced early retirement due to a misfit between what people wanted to do in their lives while being in good health, and what they expected to be able to do while working.
Employers and employees barely discussed the 'person-job-misfit'. This could be illustrated by the fact that employees who retired early due to a self-perceived (future) decline in their ability to work or fear of a further decline in health, did not discuss these perceptions or anxieties with their employer. Similarly, employers who pushed employees with poor health out of work did not discuss their plans from an earlier phase onwards. A dialogue between employees and employers and measures directed to the prevention of (future) misfits might be helpful to prolong working life in good health and with good work ability. The different pathways by which health influences early retirement suggest that these measures need to be tailored to the individual. For example, it could be hypothesized that the 63-year old job coach, who retired early since he experienced a decline in his ability to work, could have continued working if he had received other responsibilities than "to pump people up". Besides, it could be hypothesized that the 62-year old math teacher might have continued working if flexible working hours would have enabled him to enjoy the things he liked outside of work. We recommend future research to investigate why this dialogue between employers and employees is often lacking and what an effective dialogue should include.
A major strength of the present study is the qualitative design, which allowed us to explore how health influences early retirement. Another strength of the present study is that we conducted interviews with persons who had retired early, or already formally arranged to do so within six months after the interview, instead of persons who only intended to retire early. Hence, we studied early retirement behavior. Previous studies often investigated the intention to retire early [7, 22, 23] or continue working , but factors that influence the intention to retire early may differ from those that influence actual early retirement .
However, this study also has limitations. First, in qualitative studies the researcher is an important instrument, both in data collection and data analysis . This may have influenced our findings. Therefore, analysis of the interviews was predominantly done by two persons. Moreover, to enhance robustness of the findings, main results were discussed with other co-authors as well. Second, during the interviews, persons looked back at their transition from work to early retirement. There is a risk of recall-bias and to transformation of the 'real' story, since persons may not remember facts correctly or may be influenced by psychological processes, such as cognitive dissonance. The interviewer used in-depth follow-up questions to validate the answers of the interviewees. Moreover, to prevent bias of our results we checked for inconsistencies in the stories and interpreted these parts with caution. Third, we only studied the role of health in early retirement in persons who retired early. Hence, we have no insight in the role of health among persons who had the opportunity to retire early, but continued working. To further establish the role of health, we recommend future research to investigate how health influences the prolongation of working life. Furthermore, it should be noted that we only found evidence of five different pathways from health to early retirement in the present study. Future studies should replicate this finding and may reveal additional pathways. Finally, the present study focused on the influence of health on early retirement. It is important to keep in mind that other factors (e.g. financial situation) play an important role in early retirement as well.
Taken together, poor and good health influence early retirement via several different pathways. To prolong working life, a dialogue between employers and employees, from an early phase in the career onwards, and work-related tailored interventions may be helpful.
We thank Daphne Rohrich for her contribution to the data collection and transcription of the interviews.
All authors made a substantial contribution in the design of the present study. AdW and KR were responsible for data collection. AdW and KR analyzed the interviews and AdW, GG, KR, and MW regularly discussed the findings. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.


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Nestled in the forested hills of southern Guatemala, the small city of Antigua was once the most prominent seat of Spanish colonial government between Mexico City and Lima, Peru. Founded in the early 16th century, it served as Guatemala's capital for almost 300 years, until 1773, when it was abandoned by crown officials following a series of devastating volcanic eruptions, earthquakes and floods. In the mid-1800s, agriculturists took note of Antigua's rich volcanic soils, and the city thrived once again, as a center of coffee and grain production. It was during this period that its canary-colored Santa Catalina Arch, built in 1694 as a walkway for nuns, received its domed clock tower, becoming Antigua's most iconic monument. In 1979, Unesco designated Antigua a World Heritage Site, ensuring the protection of its architectural and cultural legacy.
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The fare at this farm-to-table restaurant and organic garden, set on the outskirts of Antigua on a former coffee and rose farm, includes homemade sourdough sandwiches and wood-fired pizzas. Locals gather here all week long but especially on weekends, when there is live music and a farmers' market, and when Rincon Típico, a second restaurant, offers Guatemalan cuisine prepared with an artisanal twist, such as steamed masa tamales served with farm-grown Swiss chard, avocado and black beans. The farm's store also sells locally made produce, ranging from raspberry jam to fresh kombucha and hibiscus juice.
At this all-day cafe in downtown Antigua, the chef Laura Ayyoub produces colorful Middle Eastern comfort food made from Guatemalan ingredients. Pull up a stool at the main bar — topped with a kaleidoscopic tile mosaic — and order an iced almond-milk matcha latte with a bacon, egg and jalapeño breakfast bagel, or crispy sourdough bread topped with magenta beetroot hummus, feta and a za'atar-spiced fried egg.
Helmed by the chef Mattia Bellucci, this organic restaurant in downtown Antigua is known for its hyper-local renditions of Italian classics, such as cibreo de higado, chicken liver made both savory and sweet with a flambéed and caramelized crust. The spaghetti, ravioli and tortellini are all made in-house — as are the cheeses and breads, from creamy stracciatella di bufala to baked-fresh brioche. Guests dine either indoors, in a colonial-era house decorated with local art, or in a flower-filled outdoor courtyard. Above the dining area, the restaurant rents out an airy loft with three luxurious hammock-strewn bedrooms designed by Bellucci's wife, the Honduran artist Alexa Maithé Henry.
For nearly five years, this contemporary art foundation has led Antigua's growth as a creative destination through open studios and exhibitions. Located within Antigua's historic downtown and connected to the 16th-century Santa Ana church, the foundation will launch La Nueva Fábrica, a new art center, in February. Set in an adjacent building once home to a textile factory, it will showcase contemporary art and documentary photography while also offering exhibition space to artists in the foundation's residency program.
This former convent, erected in 1736 for an order of Antiguan nuns, is a masterpiece of the famed architect Diego de Porres, who created many of the city's most celebrated colonial sites, including the Fountain of Mermaids in the city's central plaza, inspired by the Fountain of Neptune in Bologna, Italy. Near the structure's courtyard — framed by an arched colonnade and a wall of bougainvillea — is a museum that houses one of the city's most important permanent exhibitions of colonial-era art and pre-Hispanic pottery. 2a Avenida Norte at 2a Calle Oriente.


text:
Q: Qual a melhor maneira de postar esse echo? Qual a melhor maneira de postar esse echo? Sei que esta faltando alguma aspa, só não sei aonde coloca-la.
<?php

echo '' <?php echo $locale->translate('ID'); ?> '';

?>

A: Eu inverteria o código, deixaria o HTML chamando o php e não o contrário:
<?php echo $locale->translate('ID'); ?>'

Porém, se quiser printar a partir do PHP mesmo:
<?php

echo '' . $locale->translate('ID') . '';

?>

A: Você deve concatenar e não repetir o echo.
<?php
echo '' . $locale->translate('ID') . '';
?>

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Keeping your skin happy and healthy doesn't have to be hard work.
For working women, there just aren't enough hours in a day to devote time to lengthy skin care regimens.
Rather than use a cleanser that is harsh on the skin, opt for an option like micellar water or coconut oil.
Both of these options will remove makeup and any dirt and oils that may have built up throughout the day.
Micellar water is incredibly gentle and hydrating while still being an effective cleanser.
You're much better off opting for a more natural option over the foamy, chemical-packed cleansers that dry out skin and ultimately do more harm than good.
One of the best ways to ensure healthy skin is to wear a product with SPF every day.
Wearing sunscreen, or a moisturizer with SPF, even when you're not planning to be in the sun will protect your skin from discoloration and uneven skin tone.
SPF also slows down the signs of aging and will keep you looking youthful longer.
Using a stem cell serum like the one from Swiss Botany can actually reverse the signs of aging and delay the onset of wrinkles.
A stem cell serum works by using stem cells, usually from a fruit, to boost the cell production in the area it's applied.
The more your cells have a chance to regenerate, the younger and healthier your skin will look.
Similarly to the use of a stem cell serum, the use of a caffeinated eye cream works to decrease the signs of aging.
As you get older the circulation in your face lessens, which can cause the sensitive under eye areas to show signs of aging like wrinkles and dark coloration much more heavily.
The caffeine in the eye cream works to increase blood flow to the eye area and encourage puffiness and dark circles to subside.
Using a moisturizer twice a day will lock in all the good stuff while acting as a barrier to moisture loss through heat or wind which can be drying.
When you moisturize your skin will immediately look better than it did beforehand, and over time the use of a moisturizer will make for healthier and less damaged skin as a whole.
As important as moisturizing is, you should also be sure that you're properly hydrating your skin from the inside out.
Proper hydration allows for your body to function at its best and produce new skin cells and collagen to keep your skin looking radiant.
A good rule of thumb is to make sure you're drinking six to eight 8 ounce glasses of water a day.
As working women, it's important to take a few moments every day to take care of yourself.
Making these simple steps a part of your everyday routine will keep you looking youthful and healthy for years to come.
Comment below and let us know your favorite quick and easy skin care tip!


Set to become the hub for the client's design and software research programs, these new R&D centers expand the company's foundation for the development of future growth engines. Due to its strategic location in a dense urban capital city, the new center will be able to recruit and retain top talent in the fields of research and development. The company aims to employ 10,000 researchers in the areas of design and software at this complex.
The $822 million R&D center, a complex composed of six 10-story buildings with a total floor area of 330,000 m2 (3.5 million square feet), is equipped solely with Therma-Fuser™ VAV diffusers (4,573 units). Of key importance to the client was seamless integration of the VAV diffusers into the architecture; this was accomplished with T-Series Square and Continuous Look Linear diffusers.


We are Mirama Quartz Industries (Pvt) ltd based in , Sri Lanka. member of TradeKey.com since November, 2013. Our business is related to Minerals & Metallurgy industry and we specifically deal Silica Grits, Sand Powder.
· Magic Sand, Magic Sand Suppliers and Manufacturers at mineral sands in sri lanka. mineral sands in sri lanka offers 2579 magic sand products. About 52% of these are other toys & hobbies, 1% are drawing toys, and 1% are blocks. A wide variety of magic.
Sam Dam Construction Company Sri Lanka is an organisation that was founded in the year 1998 that could satisfy all your construction and civil engineering needs. It has a capability to handle. ... Road Constructions. ... Sand / Chip Sealing.
And that is what Samagi Construction is here help you accomplish. Commercial Constructions. The Samagi team has the most talented builders in Sri Lanka. Our reputation for innovative design, backed up with strong delivery on time and on budget. Renovations. Samagi Homes and Constructions is specialised in complete home renovations.
In the Philippines, for example, the construction sector contributed around 5.8% of GDP in 2014, while in Singapore the figure was closer to 4.8%, and in Malaysia it was around 3.9%. Similarly, since 2011 Sri Lanka's construction sector has outperformed other South Asian markets in terms of growth.
BASF Construction Chemicals Asia Pacific, headquartered in Shanghai, is the Leading Supplier of Chemical Systems and Formulations in the Construction Industry. The Construction Chemicals Division operates production sites and distribution centers in more than 50 countries.
Pit sand obtained from excavating old river courses yield a material heavily contaminated with dust are generally unsuitable for the construction industry unless washed. Sri Lanka's future requirement of sand could be easily obtained from de-silting of lakes and reservoirs and cleaning the excavated material.
Top 200 House Designs in Sri Lanka and 3D Home Plans for 2018 by Lex Duco - Two Storey Category We started Lex Duco as a house construction company, however as time went by and clients kept molding your company, be became arguably the largest house design firms in Sri Lanka, yet with house construction service as usual.
With the increase of the annual sand demand for the construction industry the excessive excavation of river sand is becoming a serious environmental problem in Sri Lanka. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the possibility of using an alternative to stop or at least to minimize river sand mining activities.
into the rivers, causing droughts & flooding, reducing sand barriers against sea surges and tsunamis…etc. Sand is one of the key materials used in the construction industry in Sri Lanka.
Sri Lanka went through several developments in infrastructure during the past few years, and many more are yet to come. However, could these continuous constructions pose a threat to Sri Lanka's natural resources? Many concerns do arise regarding the tug-o-war relationship between the environment and man made constructions.
The builders of 'stupas' in Sri Lanka had closely followed the designs of such monuments built in Sanchi and other places in India. In huge monuments, the dome rose from a triple-based platform. The dome was surmounted by a square railing of wood or stone which later became a cube of masonry.
The new port and city is a megaproject that will expand Sri Lanka's current biggest city and commercial hub by 269 hectares, roughly the size of central London. Officials say it will create more than 83,000 jobs and house 270,000 people. Sri Lanka's government has high hopes for this new city.
The minister said the Environment Ministry would strictly control river sand mining in future, but he admitted the necessity for a mechanism to fill the gap created in the construction industry by restricting river sand mining. Sri Lanka requires 14 million metric tons of sand for the construction industry.
The Corporation is a member of National Construction Association of Sri Lanka (NCASL) and Green Building Council of Sri Lanka as well. The Cooperation has been also certified as a ISO 9001:2015, :2015 OH:2007 organization.
UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Sri Lanka. A World Heritage Site is a landmark listed by UNESCO (the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) as having special cultural or physical significance.


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Schmidt's life-filled pipes resonate as she delivers a jazzy, torch-fired rendition of Wood and Mellin's "My One and Only Love," bringing to it the warmth and emotion of winter's night at fireside with a longtime love. She lends a storyteller's magic to her rendition of Milton Nascimento's "The Call"sharing without words the tale of a beautiful forest siren. Other instrumental gems on the album"Peter and Lois Go Round and Round"(a lovely little waltz she wrote for two dear friends) and "The Moon Winked at Hale Bopp" (a delightful ditty inspired by a late night drive)showcase her strong composer's abilities and the talents of her two accompanists.


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Home › All articles for the topic: bhutan
All articles for the topic: bhutan
Safer lives and livelihoods in mountains
This publication highlights 15 cases of good practice in development and applied research from mountain regions, and illustrates how the Sendai Framework's four priorities can be put into practice.
Ministry of Agriculture and Forests
The Ministry of Agriculture and Forests was established in April 1985 with the aim of sustainabley managing natural resources for the equitable social and economic well being of the Bhutanese peopl
National Plant Protection Centre
The National Plant Protection Centre (NPPC), under the Department of Agriculture, is the national referral centre for plant health management, and aims to be a premier national institution for exce
Capacity-building on Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation for District and National Environmental Officers of Bhutan
Read about when SEI conducted a customised 5-day interactive workshop on climate change adaptation and mitigation in Bangkok for staff of Bhutan's National Environmental Commission.
Analysis of Forestry Policy Acts and Rules of Bhutan
This report, written by WWF Bhutan, describes the institutional arrangements surrounding the use and management of forest resources in Bhutan and outlines recommendations...
Policy contexts for mainstreaming climate change in Bhutan and Nepal
This report is a synthesis of two studies that sought to understand the policy contexts for addressing climate change adaptation and key conservation issues in Nepal and Bhutan,...
Integration of Climate Adaptation into Development and Conservation Planning in Bhutan
Bhutan is one of 13 countries covered by the AKP. In June 2010, a climate adaptation scoping study was undertaken, with input from stakeholders in government, non-government organizations...
Enhancing Adaptive Capacity in Bhutan and Nepal
Both Bhutan and Nepal understand the importance of addressing climate impacts. They have strengthened their commitment to managing the impacts of climate through several efforts including the...
The International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development, ICIMOD, is a regional intergovernmental knowledge development and learning centre serving the eight regional member countries of the Hi
Nepal: Adaptation Options
Review of potential measures for reducing vulnerability in Nepal
Nepal: Climate projections
Climate change projections for Nepal
This work is part of a Policy Brief on Climate Change in Nepal produced by Practical Action in 2008 and provides a summary of climate change as currently...
Policy briefing on Climate Change in Sri Lanka
Policy Briefing - Climate Change in Bangladesh
Netherlands Climate Assistance Programme (NCAP)
This article provides an overview of the first phase of the Netherlands Climate Change Studies Assistance Programme and links to the project reports from the 13 counties covered under the scheme.
Methodology of Bhutan NCAP Project
Overview of the methodology
An overview of the methodology used in the preparation of hazard maps is shown in the above figure. The whole process of the preparation of the hazard maps was...
Lessons learned from Bhutan NCAP Project
The main output from our project is the hazard and vulnerability maps for GLOFs along the Puna Tsang Chu from Khuruthang to Lhamoizingkha at the Bhutan-India border....
Bhutan NCAP Project
"The Land of the Thunder Dragon", "The Last Shangrila" and the "Land of the Peaceful Dragon" all refer to the tiny kingdom of Bhutan nestled in the eastern part of the...
Adaptation Fund: Reducing GLOF risks
Project approved for funding by the Adaptation Fund Board, June 2010
As glaciers retreat due to increasing temperatures glacial lakes start to...
Adapting to Glacial Lake Outburst
A major proportion of Bhutan's population is settled in fertile valleys along a number of river systems. When Glacial Lake Outburst Floods (GLOFs) occurs the lives and property of many...

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


With the introduction of a free new mobile app, MerleFest, presented by Lowe's, just got even easier to plan! The MerleFest mobile app is available for download through a link, available at www.merlefest.org, that goes directly to the app store.
The app, being offered at no charge to users, will provide the MerleFest lineup and schedule, artist biographies, map, announcements, social media links and more. The app is compatible with Android and iOS platforms.
The MerleFest app was designed especially for the four-day event, an annual homecoming of musicians and music fans that will once again take place on the campus of Wilkes Community College in Wilkesboro, North Carolina.
A bonus for MerleFest fans: once downloaded, the app will be fully functional without having connection to phone service.
Fans can even plan their festival meals in advance. On the MerleFest website – in the "Vendor" section under "food menus" – music fans can preview their many food options onsite!
Additionally, there are Wi-Fi hotspots around the campus and inside the buildings that are open during MerleFest.
Tickets for MerleFest can be purchased at www.merlefest.org or by calling 1-800-343-7857. Additional details about this year's festival lineup and other MerleFest information can also be found at the website.
Saturday evening all-star tribute among the many ways that the 2013 festival celebrated the life and music of the late Doc Watson.
When MerleFest, presented by Lowe's on April 25-28, 2013, kicked off, it was a bittersweet moment. The four-day event, an annual homecoming of musicians and music fans, once again took place on the campus of Wilkes Community College in Wilkesboro, North Carolina. But for the first time in its 26 years, MerleFest took place without beloved music icon Doc Watson, who passed away on May 29, 2012.
• A new display was introduced in Lowe's Hall with a bust of Doc and memorabilia of his life and career.
• A student emergency fund in Doc Watson's honor was announced at Wilkes Community College. This fund will be used for student emergency needs, to allow students to continue their education.
The "My Friend Merle" set at MerleFest 25 featured (left to right) Jeff Little, Richard Watson, Bob Hill, David Holt, T. Michael Coleman, Doc Watson, Mitch Greenhill, Sam Bush, John Cowan and Joe Smother.


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Separate from an air cleaner (which filters the air through your heating and cooling system), an air purifier or UV germicidal light utilizes ionization technology to remove contaminants from the air. This process removes odors, smaller particles and even gasses from the air.
What Is An UV Germicidal Light?
Ultraviolet light air purifiers will kill 99.9% of the viruses circulating throughout your home. As the air continually circulates through the ventilation system, these air purifiers continually bring the level of air contamination down. With every pass, more contaminants in the air are destroyed. On average, in a little less than a day the purifier can treat more than 80% of all the contaminants in the air. These purifiers will destroy contaminants quicker than they will be introduced into the environment.


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Professional Practice in Engineering and Computing 2019 г.
Grundlagen Der Elektrotechnik Und Elektronik 2 2019 г.
Power, Thermal, Noise, and Signal Integrity Issues on Substrate/Interconnects Entanglement 2019 г.
Elementary Concepts of Power Electronic Drives 2019 г.
Time Series Clustering and Classification 2019 г.
Stardust Final Conference 2019 г.
Unmanned Vehicle Systems for Geomatics 2019 г.
Dynamic System Reliability 2019 г.
Electronic Waste Management and Treatment Technology 2019 г.


To view the full list of all volumes that have appeared so far, please either visit the dedicated website for the series: http://holocausthandbooks.com, where you can browse through all the volumes that have appeared so far, find links on where to buy individual volumes, and can download book previews or free eBook editions. Or you can go to our shop category Holocaust Handbooks, where all the volumes are listed that we currently sell on our site, older editions at a discount and special editions included.
If you consider buying most or even all volumes of the series published as of your order (38 volumes (41 books) as of Jan. 2019), consider our special discount offer as shown here. The latest editions of these books will be shipped to you directly from the printer after we have received payment from you.
If you already have some volumes or would like to exclude a few, hence would like to purchase not quite the entire series, please get in touch using our contact form to negotiate a bargain with us for the volumes you'd like to acquire.
Note: New volumes to the series that appear after your purchase date of the series can be acquired at a similar discount level. We will contact all customers who have purchased the series once a new volume becomes available, offering it at a discount.
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Q: Animated movie with hybridized talking animals escaping from an island I'm looking for animated movie (drawn) about an island where animals are crossing with another. I mean hybrids of lion and goat etc.
Main antagonist, as I remember, was a penguin who escaped from zoo because he hated kids throwing (stuff) on him/to him (probably trash). Main hero of the movie (boy or man, I don't really remember), with his friend, a white horse, are trying to free animals from cages on that island.
Movie ended with a scene on a ship with all escaping animals from the island.

A: This sounds vaguely like Madagascar -- a ship full of zoo animals runs aground and the animals escape into the (grossly unfamiliar) wilds of Madagascar.  Key line was "Nature!  Get it off, get it off!"
The movie follows their antics as they try to survive.  A very popular spinoff was the animated series "Penguins of Madagascar", based around a zoo habitat full of penguins running various Hogan's Heroes type operations.

A: This is a huge coincidence. I thought about this movie today and it felt like a fever dream from when i was young lol. Found your question, hoping someone answered it, but then i went searching and found the one i was looking for! Any chance it's Los Pintín Al Rescate?

The Pintíns are relaxing at "the beach" with the other penguins, at the edge of the South Pole. A sinister human ship materializes from the fog and kidnaps Luna, who is alone on a float offshore. The rest of the family go to her rescue. They find that Luna and a captured boy penguin, Guibor, have been taken to millionaire mad scientist Jorba Tarjat's private volcanic island zoo, where he mutates his animals into grotesque combinations. They have to rescue her (and Guibor, though they don't know about him yet) from Tarjat (also voiced by Argentine actor Arturo Maly) and his comic-relief henchmen Cacho (the fat one) and Tacho (the thin one) before she can be turned into anything, or the volcano erupts. Some of the other animals are more helpful than others, including Tuco, a flying monkey (one of Jorba Tarjat's experiments, crossed with a bat); Chubers, a vain horse who used to play the cowboy hero's steed in movies; and the elephant and mouse lovers.

It's in a couple languages, but no English, which is why its's so hard to find.


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Is Brazilian Jiu Jitsu a cult?
MMA – a bad influence on society?
I'm a 36 year old dad of 1 from Hope in Wrexham. I'm currently looking for 1 or 2 personal training clients on Saturdays, Sundays and/or Mondays each week.
I have a logical, research based approached to personal training & nutrition and believe that psychology plays a huge role in success or failure in regards to people reaching their goals. I read a lot about psychology, philosophy (I'm currently a big fan of Stoicism) and the ever-evolving world of nutrition.
I'm a huge advocate of diet & exercise as a treatment for both mental and physical wellbeing. I'm a personally a fan of the ketogenic diet and the FODMAP diet for bloating and IBS, although I don't recommend either for everyone, everyone is different!
The pictures below show me before starting the ketogenic diet and 3 weeks afterwards. My main reason for starting the diet was to gain the documented benefits in wellbeing and energy levels but the weight-loss from around my face was a nice bonus.


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Chicago Man Donates Blood For 500th Time For World Blood Donor Day
(Rob Hart/WBBM)
CHICAGO (WBBM NEWSRADIO) -- Today is World Blood Donor Day and one man from Chicago marked the occasion by donating platelets for the 500th time.
A signed card and a smattering of applause greeted Richard Packman as he entered the Vitalant facility in the Thompson Center just after 11 a.m. this morning.
Packman said he became a regular blood donor in 1991 before switching over to platelets in 1993.
The process of donating platelets takes about two hours, and he said that over the years he's watched a lot of movies.
"I've watched more half movies than anyone in the country," Packman said.
Platelets are essential for cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy, and Packman said he thinks about the people his donations have helped.
"You can do a lot of volunteer work in a lot of different places," he said. "But, when you do volunteer work here and you donate blood or platelets you're actually saving someone's life."
A signed card and a smattering of applause greeted Richard Packman as he entered the Vitalant facility in the Thompson Center this morning. (Rob Hart/WBBM)
Now that he has donation number 500 out of the way, Packman has 600 in his sights, which could be in just for years, he said.
"If I live and be well, I'll be around four years from now and I will be able to do my six hundredth donation," he said.
Phlebotomists say the challenge is recruiting the next generation of regular blood donors. The supervisor at Vitalant in the Thompson Center said their regulars are older but high schools also frequently conduct blood drives. The challenge is turning younger volunteers into regular blood donors.
Blood Donor Day
Chicago Man


In a time and environment where creativity was considered disturbing, rather than being a merit, the Young Dirk De Keyzer found it hard to decide in which direction to head with his life. Like so many boys of his age, he was sent out to learn a craft, destined to go to work in a factory. Other horizons would call though, and that's how he ended up in the Royal academy of Eeklo. It was there that he discovered his predilection for bronze. It became more and more obvious that bronze would be the only medium for Dirk to give expression to his inner most thoughts and artwork. Fascinated by great sculptors like George Minne, Constantin Meunier and Auguste Rodin, he reinvented and explored the possibilities of the by then almost lost art of the "lost wax" method. In contrast to his influences, Dirk leaves the classical form-idiom and manages to develop his very own language in sculpting. This is the reason why it's impossible to place his art under certain trends or movements.
The most important source of inspiration for Dirk De Keyzer is no less than life itself. He molds the world into an alternative, parallel universe in which all problems, be they big or small, are compensated for. In doing so, he cunningly avoids the traps of becoming childish or naive, while border-crossing, positivism and out of the box thinking are the key-words. This particularly shows in the fact that his figures could belong to all cultures, or none at all. They seem to give a complete new meaning to the term "universal man", putting the emphasis on the individual and diversity by exceeding physical characteristics, cultural differences and temporary developments.
Humor is an other important aspect in De Keyzer's art. He strongly believes that humor, rather than negativity, is a mightier tool in the battle against the downsides of our modern society. A disarming smile, stimulating tolerance and the capacity to relativate. In these busy times, De Keyzer's sculptures make their spectator think about his or her unbearable lightness of being. A moment of self-reflection, calling for a small evasion of everyday life.
They're snapshots of the artist's alternative world and invite the amused viewer to enter that world. Whilst creating, Dirk experiences a kind of therapeutic effect and tries to project this onto his spectators. Notwithstanding the use of his very own, unique language, De Keyzer manages to give shape to recognizable, universal issues such as achieving happiness, beauty and harmony in an inimitable but accessible style. In this way, the artist tries to start a conversation with the observer, in which -just as in real life- the focus is not always on the goals, but rather on how to achieve them.
© WEB DESIGN lason.be. All Rights Reserved.


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Must Visit Places in Key West
If you're visiting Key West, you've got to visit these four places (in no particular order): the Harry S. Truman Little White House, the southernmost point, Fort Zachary Taylor Historic Park, and the Ernest Hemingway Home and Museum.
The Little White House: The house itself sits in a beautiful gated community with other lovely homes. Initially, it served as the naval station's command headquarters during the Spanish-American War. Harry S. Truman was the 33rd president of the United States and during his early years as president he got very sick from the over-whelming stress. His physician ordered him to take a vacation in the sun to rejuvenate and get some Vitamin D. Because the Naval Station's headquarters was in Key West and a safe place to visit, he decided to go there. Truman loved this place so much he joked that maybe we should move the capitol to Key West! The house was a place of relaxation for him but he always worked there as well, the President never gets to truly go on vacation. Although multiple presidents visited before Truman and several visited after him, he ended up visiting ten times after his initial visit so that is why the house is now known as the "Harry S. Truman Little White House." The house is now a museum and it's been restored to its original state. If you visit, I would recommend taking one of the guided tours.
The southernmost point: This is one of the most popular tourist destinations on Key West. The southernmost point is a concrete buoy at the corner of Whitehead and South Street. I think it's comical because people line up to get a photo in front of the marker but it's not actually the southernmost point in the United States, just look at a map of Key West and you'll see! Regardless, it is 90 miles to Cuba from this point and I feel like you have to at least see it if you're in Key West. I'm going to give you a tip, don't stand in the line! There is a retaining wall around the marker; Andrew and I jumped up on the wall and snapped a quick selfie (see proof below)! It's not the best quality photo and some people weren't too happy with us but we didn't want to wait in at least an hour line! We ran away quickly but still got to see the marker so we were happy!
Fort Zachary: The fort was one of a series built in the mid-1800s to defend the nation's coastline but now it's Key West's favorite beach located at the southern end of the park. Fort Tours are given daily; however, we went to Fort Zachary for the beach! The park provides opportunities for picnicking, swimming, snorkeling, and fishing. I did one out of four of these and Andrew participated in all four. The water was way too cold for me so I chose to just picnic on the beach. Andrew was much braver than me and he actually got in the water! You do have to pay to enter the park but it is totally worth it as Key West doesn't have very many beaches. I know that's surprising since it's an island but it's true! I'm going to let you in on a little secret, there are two beaches in the park. One of the beaches is the most popular beach and it's very crowded and the other is what the locals call "the secret beach." Of course, Andrew found the secret beach and we spent our entire afternoon there. There were only two other couples at our secret beach so it was absolutely amazing! One of the couples were locals and the other had an adventurous side to them like us! It's a bit of a walk to this beach but it's worth it. I'm not going to tell you where it is because then, it wouldn't be a secret anymore but, I bet you could look on a map and find it!
Watching the sunset from the "secret beach"
Andrew fly fishing
Ernest Hemingway Home and Museum: We visited this house on Christmas which was a really neat way to spend the day! The home is absolutely beautiful. There are so many architectural details that went into building this place. The gardens are stunning and there are cats that roam the property and the house freely. The home was originally built in 1851 and became Ernest Hemingway's home in 1931. All of the cats around the house are descendants of the cats he kept while he lived there, including many extra-toed cats. Hemingway purchased this property for $8,000 which seems absolutely crazy to me! The house now operates as a museum and it remains the single largest residential property on the island of Key West. The house is open to tour year round and costs $14 per adult. I'd recommend taking one of the free guided tours as you learn many personal Hemingway stories and so many interesting facts about the house. When we visited it was so crowded I wasn't able to get a good photo of the actual house so, here's a picture of a cat in Hemingway's master bedroom.
If you ever visit Key West I think these are four must visit places. Comment below or shoot me an email if you have any questions or want to know more information about one of the places listed!


Plan Común started making a name for itself with a series of 50 elegant isometric drawings Common Places. In this ongoing collaborative project, the Chilean-French architecture studio seeks to, quite simply, give the city back to its citizens; its name – 'Common Plan' – says it all. Through drawings, the architects reactivate neglected areas, open up private spaces, reclaim visual fields, lift up buildings to liberate the ground floor, prioritise pedestrians and create new spaces to be enjoyed by all. Roundabouts are turned into secret gardens, street parties are hosted on office rooftops, commercial billboards become cultural displays, circular plazas welcome barbecues and kites, while swimmers dive into square pools.
The formal interventions are quite minimal – a few lines give shape to structural frames and canopies, stairs and footbridges. It is precisely in their simplicity that they are disarming, brought to life with vegetation, water and, most importantly, densely populated with little silhouettes. A child could, perhaps, have thought of them. But the approach is consistent, the proportions well suited – not too big, not too small – and the forms' starkness suggests a wide range of uses and appropriation, always encouraging the gathering of people and sharing of open space. In today's world of constant supply and ever-increasing demand, its proposals are open to all.
Plan Común recently completed a series of brick plinths in Nove Fužine, in collaboration with Tiago Torres-Campos, to test ideas at 1:1 and launch the 25th Design Biennial at MAO, Ljubljana's museum of architecture and design. Slovenia or elsewhere, the sites matter little in their isometrics. The formal constructions could be anywhere, or everywhere. Ignoring the specificities of place, the architects respond to a set of conditions. The context of the isometrics is never identifiable, yet always recognisable. The drawings' anonymity makes them widely applicable and suggests the difference that could be made in the real world, be it in Graz's centre or São Paulo's suburbs.
Its point of departure is the realisation that, under our current neoliberal economy, cities are no longer the expression of social democracy but the product of market forces. The studio's current base, Chile, is the most 'unequal developed country' according to 2015 OECD data – a 'neoliberal laboratory' says the young practice. Its response is to fight the colonising effects of consumption and reinstate a sociopolitical position in urban planning.
In Monumental Shrines, one of its formal propositions realised with Marcelo Cox, 3x3x3m mausoleums celebrating the lives of important figures are placed at busy traffic intersections – pictured above. The single-material structures are envisioned as both containers of history and creators of memory. Death, too, is on Plan Común's agenda. And it is not only bringing it back into the lively streets, it is also extending urban life into the cemetery. Santiago's Cementerio General, one of Latin America's largest, is a huge open space at the heart of the city, currently neglected yet full of potential – especially in a city where there is little public space 'in good condition, integrated into the urban fabric, accessible via the city's public transport network, and of architectural interest'.
Representative of Chilean society, its diversity and its inequalities – the southern end is listed as historical monument while the subsequent northern extension houses the dead of the lowest social strata – the cemetery is a direct reflection of the city of the living. Reminiscent of Calvino, where 'the living Laudomia has to seek in the Laudomia of the dead the explanation of itself, even at the risk of finding more there, or less', Plan Común confronts monumentality with banality, extravagance with precarity, forcing life and death to coexist.
It claims it is 'urgent to overcome the fear and paralysis that stops us from intervening in places associated with spirituality in order to reclaim the cemetery's 86 hectares and its surroundings as space of urban activity'. 'We believe that architecture is a common field of knowledge that exceeds individual agendas and egos,' says Plan Común. It seems as if, more and more, young architects feel comfortable acknowledging the influence of their peers and predecessors – a healthy change.
Advocates of more collaboration among practitioners, the Chilean-French quartet instils the belief that, by coming together, we can reclaim the public sphere and, who knows, make a real difference. Therefore, unsurprisingly, the studio doesn't feel that its work is particularly unique – and it likes that. But its determination to transform an ill-fated place and encourage us to rethink our relationship to mortality certainly makes it stand out.


24 colleagues from Distance Providers across the US, including form sectors with which we were less familiar such as Military Instructional Education, joined us for a DiAL-e workshop in Madison-Wisconsin. A half-day workshop on the first day of the 27th Annual Distance Education Conference in Madison-Wisconsin ( #dtl2011 ) provided us with an excellent opportunity to explain and explore the work progressed since 2006. In retrospect we might well have spent more time on the underlying theoretical frameworks and contextual issues which underpin the DiAl-e, but we were excited to discuss video in a broader digital context with a focus on distance education. We took the opportunity to discuss how digital video might be optimised in distance education contexts using Web 2.0 technologies. We discussed and demonstrated the opportunities for using video as the basis for asynchronous discussion using VoiceThread, (about which we have already written elsewhere), for using subtitling not only to translate but annotate and punctuate video using Universal Subtitles, and the opportunities for using embedded segments of existing YouTube clips with ChopTube. We ended with an insight into the role of emerging Semantic Video engines and the HTML5 format. The focus was very much on how teaching and learning can benefit from these emerging technologies. Details of the workshop are available here.


After so much unnecessary will-they-or-won't-they stuff, President Donald Trump and North Korean Leader Kim Jong-Un are—as of right now—set to meet up on June 12 at a ritzy hotel in Singapore. And now that 2018's Ross and Rachel are truly going to give it a shot, everyone and their mom will be descending upon the resort island of Sentosa, including Trump pal and fellow Michael Cohen client Sean Hannity, who is apparently being accompanied by Sebastian Gorka for Fox News???
"I'm delighted to go with Sean Hannity and his team, so we will be there on the ground reporting for Fox and Fox Business," Gorka told the latter network on Tuesday. Fox News told The Hill on Wednesday that Hannity will be hosting his show from Singapore for three days next week. Hannity seems to have done extremely little planning for the trip, telling the Daily Beast that there is "nothing definite" to talk about yet.
If there's one thing this already disastrous meeting needed, other than a commemorative coin, it's on-the-ground reporting from both Trump's BFF and his former aide who proudly wears the insignia of a Hungarian group largely assumed to have connections to Nazi Germany. I look forward to Sean and Seb's Excellent adventure!


As with any debate, argument or debate, there will always be two sides from the story. Within this expose we'll reveal each side from the internet poker rigged debate, and allow you to decide the reality.
Browsing forums, chatboards as well as poker rooms themselves, it's possible to always find lots of players claiming that internet poker is rigged. Yet couple of of those posters can give real concrete proof that internet poker is rigged. Responses for example 'rigtards' or 'you play badly' originate from opponents from the argument, yet additionally they neglect to provide proof.
The particular proof is less within the fact of if the sites are fixed, the actual proof is incorporated in the means by which poker rooms deal and shuffle, therefore creating poker hands that seem to be outdoors from the record norm instead of live poker.
However, basically make use of a computer software, like a hardware random number generator entropy source (a well known way sites 'deal and shuffle' decks) to produce the 20 character password, it'll have some to it as being a pc program is fixed in being able to truly select a random sequence. Although poker rooms will declare that their software programs are highly unpredictable with no person or program could truly crack poker, the reality continues to be the RNG isn't and may NOT, by scientific definition, be random.
The truth that on-line poker utilizes a computerized mathematical function to produce a look and feel of randomness coupled with additional poker algorithms to avoid players from winning consistently certainly lends credibility towards the Internet Poker is rigged debate.
Individuals claiming internet poker isn't rigged points that hands histories reflect the real record likelihood of the sport and combined with poor style of of numerous players is exactly what really leads to why a lot of suckouts exist in internet poker.
Additionally, these debaters will prove to add that the poker network wouldn't jeopardize their relationship with customers or their profits by rigging the games. Although internet poker is really a multi-big industry, the end result is their profit and keeping customers or creating new clients.
The majority of the internet poker isn't rigged arguments originate from individuals which have belief within the RNG and also the integrity from the on-line poker sites themselves. However, no concrete proof has have you been offered from anybody around the internet poker isn't rigged side regarding the truth about if the poker rooms are rigged or otherwise. Actually every major poker network, for example pokerstars or fulltiltpoker only will condition that they're certified by auditing concerns regarding the integrity from the software.
Yet definitive proof that shows their poker algorithms and software for examination by outdoors sources is missing. Additionally, the poker sites won't offer complete hands histories of poker hands worked on their own site for analysis by outdoors sources. Therefore, the 'Internet poker isn't rigged' side from the debate expects all players to simply believe what they say for this, the poker rooms are now being fair and honest.
You choose! Believe what they say for this that they're fair and honest or examine scientific proof that internet poker is rigged.
His latest research on poker code algorithms reveals intricacies from the internet poker sites and just how the program programs utilized on the pokersites modify the results of your play.


Depositing trading accounts via the PayPal payment system.
We are pleased to inform you that from now on you have an excellent opportunity to deposit your trading accounts via the PayPal payment system.
Quality brokerage services should, first of all, provide traders with convenience during all stages of their work. One of the most important part of this process is a simple way to deposit a trading account or withdraw funds from it using the best payment systems available. That's why cooperation between the RoboForex Company and the PayPal payment system, which is trusted by more than 110 million of people all over the world, is a natural move to expand the list of services available for our clients.
The PayPal payment system is one of the world's leading payment systems. The main advantages of the system are an advanced security and an ease of use. Any personal data provided by clients is safely secured by means of the ultimate data encryption tools. In order to transfer funds you need only an Email address and a password. You can deposit your trading account using your personal computer, as well as any mobile device: a telephone, a smartphone, or a tablet PC.
Deposit your trading account via the PayPal payment system and your funds will be transferred instantly with no commission charged. In order to deposit your account, login to your RoboForex Live Account, go to "Deposit Funds" section, and select "PayPal" from the list of the payment systems. More detailed instructions how to deposit your trading account using the PayPal payment system can be found in "PayPal" section of our website.


Our watershed partners are highly-respected, local groups that rely on LNRP for support and expertise. Under the umbrella of LNRP's Lakeshore Environmental Resource Network (LERN), we provide strategic planning support, fiscal management, collaborative grant writing, staff support, expertise, project management, and outreach.
Directors serve on the LNRP Board for two-year terms and take leadership roles on various committees responsible for governance, fundraising, and strategic direction. Each member of our Board brings considerable experience in support of LNRP. If you are interested in serving, please click here to complete a Volunteer form.
Small but mighty, the LNRP Staff works closely with the Board of Directors to implement day-to-day operations, special projects, and programs. A strong collaborative spirit, the hallmark of LNRP, begins with our exceptional staff.
. We are accepting applicants through 30 April 2019.
Join our talent network to give us a head start once we start looking for you. You can proactively connect your profile and resume with us. When a new opportunity arises, we'll use this information to find possible matches before we post the role. Introduce yourself to our team with your cover letter, resume, and references (attachments not to exceed 5MB) to inquiry@lnrp.org.
Are you part of a group or organization that advocates for protecting quality of life? If you think your group or organization could benefit from our resources and collaboration please connect with us. Introduce yourself and organization by sending an email to inquiry@lnrp.org.


Our mandate was to create a brand that appealed to casual wine drinkers' love for an intense, fruit-forward taste profile. We established the "bold" positioning of the wine, reflected in the eye-catching illustrations and memorable name.
A name will outlast any other investment in the product development process.
Our track record for creating successful names is hard to beat and as Bodacious proves, making the investment in creating a great name can pay huge dividends.
Deemed one of the most successful ICB brands since its launch in April 2013, Bodacious continues to account for a significant volume in the Arterra portfolio of wine with 700,000 cases sold annually in Canada. We continue to work with the Bodacious team to create exciting new line extensions.


I tried a smaller Bogen Manfrotto QR ballhead. Compared to my Bogen 3030, I found it unsatisfactory. With my 3030 (and probably the 3039 which I just got on eBay), adjusting it to precisely the right position is easy. The knobs seem to have a nice fluid variable tension. So I can loosen the tension somewhat, but not completely, precisely position he 3-way head the way I want it, the tighten the knobs one-by-one. I can do this without my position being significantly affected.
Now, if I have the ballhead loose enough to be fluidly moving, I notice a few things: (a) Because of the freedom of motion and inability to move exclusively on one plane, positioning as I want is difficult; (b) After I have it positioned, while I'm moving my hand to he locking lever, it is very easy for the position to change. Basically, my other hand has to support the cam exactly as it is, or it moves.
Now, I could adjust the tension on the ball too, so that it doesn't move as freely and stays in place with reasonable weight on it, unless pushed; but then the moving of the ball doesn't seem as fluid.
I found it easier to photograph a family of geese (who were trying to escape me), with my 3-D Bogen 3030, than with my Bogen ballhead.
Have others had this kind of issue? Are there ballheads out there that don't suffer from this? I read something about "variable tension" on the "Really Right Stuff" heads?
This is an issue with all ball heads, although the really good ones, such as an Arca b1 or Really Right Stuff Head, will minimize it.
Why do they even exist in the cheaper varieties, then? I'm really amazed anyone buys them.
I got my Bogen 3030 for less than $60 on eBay. And it's easier to position (with all handles loosened slightly) than a $70 Bogen ballhead! I'm sure the 3039, with reviews of it's smooth movement and it's large support, will blow the ballhead away.
It will. I have one, but lately I've been using an old Pre-B1 Monoball, which is bigger than a B1 but not quite as big as a B1g. A tilting head would be better for a view camera than either. The 3039, like the other Bogen 3-way heads, stands rather tall and if I pack it in luggage consumes a lot of space. The Monoball is more compact.
My only issue with the Monoball is leveling.
I think I would love a geared head for use with the view camera, but I really like the Monoball for medium and small format.
I like Manfrotto stuff in general, but their ballheads are not wonderful. If you are going to use a ballhead, invest in a good one. Otherwise, you're better off with a 3-way or simple tilt head.
They exist in cheaper varieties because for some purposes the cheaper heads work fine, and many people don't want to pay for one of the better heads. I have a Bogen 3055 ball head. I don't like it very much. The hex quick release is poor, the head iseither locked or completely loose, and the pan paddle is shaped exactly the same as the ball release... but it was only $45 when I bought it, and when locked it holds the camera quite firmly. I still use it occasionally in conjunction with a super clamp to put the camera in unusual places. My B1, though, is a much better ball head, as it should be since it costs 10 times more. Nonetheless, I prefer other heads for large format, either a Bogen 410 geared head, a Sinar Pan/tilt head, or a Gitzo Rational Series 5 head. All of these do some things better than the Arca (or any ball head), and vice versa. For example, try shooting sports with a super telephoto on a three way head.
Rick, if you have a round rail Sinar, you really should pick up one of the Sinar pan/tilt heads. It's a great combo. The camera will not spin inadvertantly on the head.
I've looked at them. But so far, the prices I've seen are a bit dear. I can live with the Monoball until I see something for my price.
I was an avid user of the Manfrotto 410 geared head (not sure of the Bogen Model No). I have tried ball heads (Gitzo and Manfrotto) but always found them to be tricky to level. I chanced upon the Arca SWiss B2 and have found the ideal set-up for me! Its design allows friction to be controlled and the ball is moveable in seperate (lockable) planes which means that levelling is as simple as a pan/tilt head. I combine it with a Gitzo 1325 CF.


In 2016 we introduced curriculum based learning via our 'Learning the Landscape Educational Series' of school tours for Primary, Second and Third level students. To celebrate and promote Seachtain na Gaeilge our island crew will host your school and give you a very informed and enjoyable cruise under the magical Cliffs Of Moher- all in Irish or English. See & learn how these magnificent cliffs were formed 450 million years ago! We'll teach you about the Marine Environment and the Migrating Seabird Colonies that arrive every year to nest and feed their young. You will also get to see the cave featured in 'Harry Potter & the Half Blood Prince'!
"Our School Tour with St. John 's College of Inis Meáin to the Cliffs of Moher with The Doolin Ferry Company was one of the peak points of the academic year. We launched on an educational journey made of beauty and calming aspects to see nature in full swing. The sights were magical, teachers and students were both enthralled by the wonders of the Cliffs of Moher from the bottom. The crew was most obliging and it was clear that they were proud of this beautiful experience to share. Great School class trip!
This tour will be at 12 noon, 3:00pm, or 5:15pm for 1 hour and is available during the school term up until summer. Pre-booking is required for this tour. It is best to arrive 15/20 minutes before departure. All school tours will be hosted by our master sea captain Liam O'Brien who will bring the group under the Cliffs of Moher and guide them 'as Gaeilge' or in English. There will be many opportunities to take photographs and to see (and hear) the migrating seabirds as they busy themselves building nests and feeding their young. Would you like to book? Just let us know the date and the number of students and teachers or reserve your School Tour or book online with us.
School tours 'as Gaeilge' need to be pre-booked. All departures are from Doolin Pier, Doolin, Co. Clare. Arrive at least 15 minutes prior to boarding. Tours may be cancelled due to weather but don't worry, we will be in touch with you 24 – 48 hours before your trip if the weather is too bad. We will be delighted to reschedule your tour for another time.