text:
Traders say Bitcoin's drop to $57K is an 'attractive entry' for hodlers
Bitcoin price fell below the $57,000 level today, sparking a widespread sell-off in ETH and altcoins but traders say the current range presents an "attractive entry" for hodlers.
Bitcoin price dropped to fresh lows today and the brief visit to the $56,000 level resulted in a sharp sell-off in Ether and altcoins.
Data from Cointelegraph Markets Pro and TradingView shows that support at $60,000 was breached early on in the U.S. trading session and this allowed bears to briefly take control of the market.
Here's what analysts have to say about today's price action and whether or not traders should be concerned about additional downside.
Major drawdowns "will be relatively shortlived"
According to a recent report from cryptocurrency research firm Delphi Digital, "the initial sell-off was largely driven by a wave of liquidations rather than a fundamental shift in narrative," which suggests that there is a possibility that this pullback will be short-lived and potentially "presents an attractive entry point" for traders looking to gain more market exposure.
BTC/USD short-term technical outlook. Source: Delphi Digital
Delphi Digital highlighted that while there had been a significant amount of deleveraging seen across the market over the past week, it didn't help prevent the overall increase in "aggregate liquidations across major exchanges coinciding with each sizable price dip."
As for what comes next for BTC, Delphi Digital sees the possibility of a dip to $55,000 "if continued selling pressure forces BTC below $57,750," but the analysts also suggested that any "any drawdown will be relatively short-lived."
Delphi Digital said,
"If BTC takes another leg lower it could set up an even more attractive entry for those with long-term conviction looking to accumulate."
The firm also expressed similar sentiments in regards to the price action for Ether (ETH) which briefly fell below $4,000 earlier today. Delphi Digital highlighted the fact that Ether is attempting to flip a long-term resistance level established back in May into support, suggesting that if it manages to do so, Ether will "look primed for trend continuation to the upside."
Major support and resistance levels for Ether. Source: Delphi Digital
"If price support gives way, the hope for bulls would shift to a possible retest and bounce off the upper trend line established from the May 2021 top to the Sep. 2021 high."
Long term holders can rest easy
Further analysis on Bitcoin price was provided by options trader and pseudonymous Twitter analyst 'John Wick', who posted the following tweet highlighting the fact that even experienced traders are finding themselves concerned by today's price action.
#BTC
We are really trying hard to hold that support zone I've had up. NGL I'm not too happy to see that red bar
Does not mean we fail the support 100%, but it is telling us the probabilities are starting to stack against it holding
If you're long term this shouldnt bother you pic.twitter.com/D4EvI8RcnD
— John Wick (@ZeroHedge_) November 18, 2021
The dip in price seriously challenged the lower bound of the current support zone as "probabilities are starting to stack against it holding," which Wick pointed out is really only an issue for short-term traders, but long-term hodlers shouldn't be too concerned by this type of price action.
Related: Bitcoin falls to a 1-month low after a 6% dive drops BTC price to $56.6K
Ether is still holding a bullish market structure
As far as Ether is concerned, market analyst and pseudonymous Twitter user 'Pentoshi' posted the following chart highlighting the break below the previous ascending channel and retest of the support and resistance level found at its previous all-time highs.
ETH/USD 1-day chart. Source: Twitter
While some traders in the market have taken this as an ominous turn of events, Pentoshi sees the move as a positive development because it "is one of the things in the market still with bullish market structure."
Pentoshi, however, did offer a few words of caution when he said,
"What you don't want to see is it going back under those ATH's on a closing basis."
The overall cryptocurrency market cap now stands at $2.508 trillion and Bitcoin's dominance rate is 43.4%.
Airdrop rumors result in a swarm of activity on MetaMask Swap and Polygon
Airdrop hunters flocked to MetaMask Swap and the Polygon network in an effort to qualify for a possible token distribution from the popular cryptocurrency wallet provider.
Five- to six-figure-size airdrops have become the new norm in the crypto sector, and a growing number of analysts believe there are more to come. In September, dYdX distributed a massive airdrop to early users, and last week, the Ethereum Name Service gave out roughly $17,000 to $30,000 in ENS tokens to platform users. Anticipation of additional "helicopter money" has also led to a flurry of airdrop hunters seeking out the next big score.
The mad dash to engage with protocols and qualify for possible token drops led to an uptick in activity on Polygon, a popular layer-two platform, and MetaMask. Since last week, rumors that MetaMask may release its own token have been circulating, and this is reflected in the increased engagement on MetaMask Swap.
According to data from Delphi Digital, activity through MetaMask Swap "has seen a huge usage increase in recent days" as the rumors of a possible airdrop are spread by influencers like Chico Crypto and a range of Crypto Twitter entities.
MetaMask swap volume vs. daily active users on Polygon and Ethereum. Source: Delphi Digital
As shown in the graph above, the volume of Ether (ETH) transacted through MetaMask Swap has seen a significant increase since late October, and the daily active users of MetaMask Swap on Polygon has surged from 2,000 on Nov. 6 to 9,000 on Nov. 12.
MetaMask 2021 revenue. Source: Delphi Digital
As a result of the increased swap volume and the 0.875% fee that MetaMask takes from each swap, the protocol has amassed $200 million in revenue in 2021. This figure is impressive, especially compared with competitors like SushiSwap, which has earned $70 million year-to-date, and Curve, which pulled in $12 million.
High Ethereum fees push airdrop hunters to Polygon
High fees on the Ethereum network are the likely culprit behind the outsized jump in users on Polygon.
Evidence of the pickup in activity on Polygon can also be found when looking at the average gas cost of transactions on the network, which has been on the rise since the middle of October when the network saw a significant increase in the average transaction cost.
Average cost of gas on Polygon. Source: Polygon Scan
Related: Portal partners with Polygon to advance DeFi on Bitcoin
According to data from DappRadar, the 30-day average number of transactions on MetaMask Swap has increased by 13.95% while the number of active users has risen 18.25%.
MetaMask swap statistics. Source: DappRadar
The historical activity chart above also shows a large spike in volume on Nov. 11, right as rumors about a potential airdrop were widely circulating on crypto social media channels.
Whether or not the spike in activity will pay off for those seeking an airdrop remains to be seen, and it's possible that MetaMask will employ some measures to counteract those trying to game the system with Sybil attacks, similar to what was seen with Ribbon Finance.
The recent airdrop from ParaSwap provides a good example of some of these "anti-airdrop hunter" countermeasures that could be taken to thwart those looking to game the system. The ParaSwap team made sure that only 1.5% of unique addresses that engaged with the protocol received the airdrop, much to the chagrin of airdrop hunters and honest early users of the platform.
At the moment, it's not confirmed whether or not the team at MetaMask will release its own native token or whether an airdrop will occur. This means that all of the suggested methods for interacting with the platform in order to receive this rumored airdrop are nothing more than speculation, for now.
The views and opinions expressed here are solely those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of Cointelegraph. Every investment and trading move involves risk, and you should conduct your own research when making a decision.
US lawmakers introduce bill to 'fix' crypto reporting requirement from infrastructure law
The bill proposes pushing back the mandated reporting requirements to 2026 as well as changing the definition of broker.
A bipartisan group of United States lawmakers has introduced legislation to change the tax reporting requirements that will go into effect due to the recently signed infrastructure bill.
House Representatives Patrick McHenry and Tim Ryan introduced the Keep Innovation in America Act, which would change the definition of a broker as defined in HR 3684, the bipartisan infrastructure bill signed into law by President Joe Biden on Monday. The bill proposes pushing back the mandated reporting requirements — which includes that digital asset transactions worth more than $10,000 must be declared to the Internal Revenue Service — from 2024 to 2026.
I introduced this bipartisan bill w/ @RepTimRyan to fix the new poorly constructed #digitalasset reporting requirements.
The Keep Innovation in America Act will provide clarity to innovators deploying the next generation of internet #technology. https://t.co/cAMWsPoiD8
— Patrick McHenry (@PatrickMcHenry) November 18, 2021
In addition, the bill would exempt certain taxpayers from reporting digital asset transactions in cases where they have no reason to know information from wallet holders that would otherwise be required. According to the bill, "miners and validators, hardware and software developers, and protocol developers" are not brokers.
"Consistent and accurate reporting on digital asset transactions is necessary," states the Keep Innovation in America Act. "Congress must work to bring legal and regulatory certainty to the digital asset industry. Clear rules of the road fosters technology and innovation."
McHenry added:
"[The law] includes digital asset reporting requirements that threaten to push innovators and entrepreneurs overseas. […] We can fix these poorly constructed standards and ensure they are compatible with how this new technology actually works."
The proposed legislation already has the support of Representatives Kevin Brady, Ro Khanna, Tom Emmer, Eric Swalwell, Warren Davidson, Darren Soto, Anthony Gonzalez and Ted Budd, in addition to crypto advocacy groups including Coin Center and the Blockchain Association. However, certain senators have been attempting to create their own legislative path to amend the crypto language in the infrastructure law, with a proposal from Ron Wyden and Cynthia Lummis, as well as a separate bill from Ted Cruz, introduced this week.
The introduction of the Keep Innovation in America Act follows a group of Democratic lawmakers signing their names to a Tuesday letter for House Speaker Nancy Pelosi. The letter similarly urges revisions to the definition of a broker in the infrastructure law, raising concerns over the effect on the U.S. market and how the country will keep up with technological innovation.
Related: US lawmakers urge CFTC and SEC to form joint working group on digital assets
On Wednesday, a bipartisan group of lawmakers met at a hearing of the Joint Economic Committee to discuss the role of digital assets in government. Tim Massad, former chair of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission, said at the gathering that the U.S. could introduce a central bank digital currency as one possible solution for improving the country's payments systems.
'We want to build Minterest as a fairer financial system,' says CEO Josh Rogers
In an exclusive interview with Cointelegraph, Rogers discussed the technology, tokenomics and outlook of the Minterest borrowing and lending protocol.
Decentralized finance (DeFi) protocols have gained significant traction in the cryptocurrency sector, with a total value locked surpassing $271 billion, based on data from DefiLlama. One exceptionally popular category of DeFi services is that of decentralized borrowing and lending, where users can pledge their crypto as collateral and take out stablecoin loans (or vice versa) to pay for everyday expenses while their investment continues to grow.
Total value locked in DeFi. Source: DefiLlama
Such protocols typically charge a spread or difference between deposit and lending rates as a service fee. But then there are protocols like Minterest that seek to distribute a vast majority, if not all, of their profits back to users. Earlier this month, Minterest launched on Moonbeam, an Ethereum-compatible smart contract parachain on the Polkadot network. During an exclusive interview with Cointelegraph, Minterest CEO Josh Rogers further elaborated on the goals of building a user-oriented DeFi platform.
We're proud to be the only @MoonbeamNetwork-native protocol on that list, as well as the only lending/borrowing protocol. #DeFiTwoPointOh let's go!
Thank you ducky for your impressive work in collating and keeping up with these statistics! https://t.co/twn0xAyoDo
— Minterest (@Minterest) November 17, 2021
Cointelegraph: Your firm claims to be the world's first lending protocol that captures 100% of value from interest, flash loan and liquidation fees, which then get passed on to users. Would you care to elaborate on that?
Josh Rogers: Traditionally, what happens is that when you look at models, when you look at value capture, what you notice is that there are different parties who are beneficiaries. So, you are looking at lending protocols where the owners/developers take profits out. You have external liquidators who act as the third party who extract liquidation fees. And the thing to especially know about is flash loan fees, which may be extremely [inaduible] to the community in some way. But the thing to know about is that, that value capture fee-income protocol, goes to all these different parties. The intention with Minterest is that we capture all of that fee income on-chain, on the protocol, then we distribute it around the community of users in a way in which we believe is much bigger and much more inclusive. One of the things that stand out in bringing out an auto-liquidation process is that the protocol fee income it captures is far more significant than anything else out there because that fee income is normally lost from the protocol.
CT: So, what are some expected yields from passing off those revenues to users?
JR: Well, what happens is, the answer is I don't know [laughs]. It's very difficult for me to forecast that kind of thing. But when you think about this very type of headline, if you are looking at some of the value captures of the sector, it's measured in the hundreds of millions of dollars. But what's interesting is that when you look at lending protocols, generally there is no correlation between the supply of liquidity and lending activity and the token price. So, the value of the token is not correlated with protocols' performance.
We do that when we capture all of this fee income. The protocol goes out on-market, and Minterest buys back its own tokens, and it distributes that token through to its users. Now, it's not for me to say, and a big disclaimer is that I'm not trying to provide forecasts. But if you do headline numbers, if the protocols generate $100 million of fee income, which we should probably do when the borrowing is between $3 billion to $7 billion, that means the protocol is spending $8 million a month on its token. The protocol emits 820,000 tokens per month as part of its liquidity mod. So, if you're spending $8 million a month and the token price is $10, then the protocol can supply all the tokens that it emits back, which is unrealistic. If the protocol is $8 million a month, then what is the token price? The answer is it's more than $10. Now, at $40 a token, it's buying back 50% of token emissions. At $80, it's buying back 10%, which probably sounds more realistic.
The answer to the question is somewhere in there, or maybe more. The intention here is, and the reason that is important for the protocol generally is that it can compete with others in terms of APY. The more the token prices increase, the greater the internal APY that is actually being caused for the borrowers and lenders. That means it can attract more liquidity, outcompete and gain more longevity and relevance.
CT: Why choose Moonbeam, in particular, to launch your protocol?
JR: Well, there are a couple of key things. One, there's the question of why Polkadot first, and why Polkadot is much more than another Solana or Algorand. There are some very powerful things about Polkadot that we really like. Initially, Minterest was built on Substrate — it was built to have its own parachain. But what it really came down to was actually time.
CT: One of the biggest barriers to entry for new DeFi users is probably high gas fees. What is Minterest doing to mitigate this?
JR: Well, that's one of the beauties of being on Polkadot, as well as being on Moonbeam. Gas fees literally go away as a concern. When you think of one coming out of Ethereum with different degrees of success, but at the end of the day, that's what the Polkadot architecture is designed to do. It's designed to enable vast numbers of transactions to occur while still retaining very, very low gas prices and very, very high latency. So, that's one of the key benefits: We see gas prices as becoming a nominal concern, a concern that will disappear on Polkadot. The gas prices just become fairly insignificant, not just for a brief period of time but permanently. And that's a very important consideration.
CT: Has the platform been audited, financial- or programming-wise?
JR: We are actually going through three audits. We've got auditors coming in next month, so we've got three very significant work firms coming, and the audit process really goes into [inaudible]. Again, we've got more than 10,000 lines of code. It's the most significant kind of codebase of any lending protocol out there. So, that process takes time. But we obviously are not going to be doing anything until we get these things off. We've got internal security onboard on our team, but you don't rely solely on auditors alone from our perspective. Auditors are really there to ensure that nothing gets missed. And we consider audit-team relations to be ongoing. We really want our relationships to be with very, very incredible audit firms. So, the idea lies with security and trust.
CT: What are some steps Minterest is taking to protect users' assets from malicious activities?
JR: That's actually part of building the protocol. One of the key things is that when it actually catches value like Minterest does, it's not a very big step to self-insure, but to build out the fee income it captures. But at the end of the day, what this comes down to is that building out protocols is not simple. So, while there are hundreds of DeFi projects around, it's really a small handful of significant lending protocols, and the reason why is they are expensive to do well. If you want to do them cheaply and quickly, five guys in a garage could do. We have a team of 30 to 40 full-time staff, and that is not an insignificant exercise. The reason why we do that is because that's what it takes to do it at a level to ensure these sort of events you are seeing across smaller protocols don't occur. And by the way, mistakes can get made. You saw recent issues happening with one of the leading protocols; it wasn't an exploit, it was just a small mistake, and I regard their teams as extraordinary professionals. That's the reason why we build some form of insurance into the system, so that people don't lose their money.
CT: What is your overall vision for Minterest?
JR: We want to build Minterest as a fairer financial system. And the reason we think it's fairer is because when you look at lending protocols, people get liquidated very significantly, and that money goes off-protocol. What this is about is how do the people that create the value of the protocol benefit. And the people who create the value of the protocol are a large ecosystem of users, not just a small subset. So, what Minterest is built out to do is to enable people to really benefit from the value they create from participation. We think bringing a new design and framework to the protocol is going to be a new piece of innovation inside this sector. One of the things to look at is that sector leaders in the space have all brought breakthrough innovation. You look at Maker, you look at Curve, you look at Aave — each of the three protocols has brought enormous innovation into the space, innovation that I deeply respect. We like to think Minterest is also a very new innovation to the space for the benefit of the people, and that's really what the protocol is about.
Traders expect Ethereum price to drop further ahead of Friday's $550M options expiry
$550 million in ETH options expire on Nov. 19 and derivatives data suggest bears will apply more downward pressure to Ethereum price.
Ether's (ETH) 330% year-to-date gain has been largely fueled by the growth of decentralized finance and the explosion of non-fungible tokens. Proof of this comes from OpenSea, the largest NFT marketplace, surpassing the impressive mark of $10 billion in accumulated trading volume.
However, traders worry that the 15% correction that followed the $4,870 all-time high on Nov. 10 could indicate that a larger bearish movement is in place. The rupture of the 55-day ascending channel reinforces this thesis and Nov. 19's $550 million Ether options expiry will likely favor bears.
Ether/USD price on Bitstamp. Source: TradingView
Ethereum's $86 billion total value locked in smart contract contracts, represents 70% of the market and this metric has increased by 25% over the last two months, signaling that the industry leader was not affected by the network's $50 average gas fees.
Ethereum network adjusted Total Value Locked (TVL) in USD. Source: Debank.com
Regulatory uncertainties, especially in the United States, have been eclipsing the cryptocurrency markets' bull-run. For example, on Oct. 18, the New York Attorney General's office gave a "cease and desist" order to two crypto lending platforms operating in the state.
On Nov. 1, the President's Working Group on Financial Markets (PWG) released a report focused on stablecoins' risks to users and financial stability. The report urged Congress to issue a federal prudential framework, invoking the jurisdiction of the SEC and CFTC.
More recently, on Nov. 16, U.S. lawmakers started to fight back against changes to tax reporting rules for cryptocurrency transactions above $10,000 in the newly passed infrastructure bill. A group of congresspeople called for revisions to exclude miners, validators and wallet developers for tax purposes under the Bipartisan Infrastructure Framework (BIF).
Whatever the reason behind the recent Ether price weakness, bulls' excessive optimism on Friday's ETH $550 million options expiry will likely give bears further ammo to pressure down the market.
Ether options aggregate open interest for Nov. 19. Source: Bybt
At first sight, the $275 million worth of call (buy) options virtually match the $280 million value in ETH put (sell) instruments. Still, the 0.98 call-to-put ratio is deceptive because some of those prices now seem far-fetched.
For example, if Ether's price remains below $4,400 at 8:00 am UTC on Nov. 19, only 7% out of the call (buy) options will be available at the expiry. So, there is no value in the right to buy Ether at $4,400 if it's trading below that price.
Bears completely dominate Friday's expiry
Below are the four most likely scenarios for the Nov. 19 expiry. The imbalance favoring either side represents the theoretical profit. In other words, depending on the expiry price, the quantity of call (buy) and put (sell) contracts becoming active varies:
Between $4,000 and $4,100: 80 calls vs. 35,100 puts. The net result favors put (bear) instruments by $140 million.
Between $4,100 and $4,200: 340 calls vs. 30,000 puts. The net result favors put (bear) instruments by $120 million.
Between $4,200 and $4,400: 4,840 calls vs. 16,900 puts. The net result is $60 million favoring the put (bear) instruments.
Above $4,400: 7,640 calls vs. 8,700 puts. The net result is even.
This crude estimate considers call (buy) options used in bullish strategies and put (sell) options exclusively in neutral-to-bearish trades. However, a trader could have sold a call option, effectively gaining a negative exposure to Ether above a specific price. Unfortunately, there's no easy way to estimate this effect.
Bears have a clear shot at securing a $140 million profit
Currently, Ether price trades near $4,150, and there are incentives in place for bears to push ETH below $4,100 ahead of Friday's expiry. In that case, their estimated profits reach $140 million.
On the other hand, considering Ether's 12% correction over the past three days, bulls would be more than pleased to take a $60 million loss if the ETH expiry price happens above $4,200.
Avoiding a $140 million loss is the bulls' best-case scenario right now, considering the bearish scenario caused by regulatory uncertainties.


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Q: Laravel 4 - Mail Send (Variable undefined) Trying to send an confirmation Email using Laravel 4.2. But hitting an error in the view

Undefined variable: booking_data

I am trying to pass it the following data array :
["from"]=>
  string(7) "Gatwick"
  ["to"]=>
  string(8) "Aberdeen"
  ["leaving"]=>
  string(21) "Friday, 15 July, 2016"
  ["returning"]=>
  string(24) "Wednesday, 20 July, 2016"
  ["price"]=>
  string(2) "53"
  ["hotel"]=>
  string(9) "Four Star"
  ["date_start"]=>
  string(10) "2016-07-15"
  ["date_end"]=>
  string(10) "2016-07-20"
  ["insurance"]=>
  string(0) ""
  ["num_travellers"]=>
  string(1) "1"
  ["car_hire"]=>
  string(0) ""
  ["baggage"]=>
  string(0) ""
  ["car_hire_days"]=>
  string(0) ""
  ["flight_cost"]=>
  string(2) "53"
  ["new_cost"]=>
  string(6) "383.00"
  ["hotel_transport"]=>
  string(0) ""
  ["passengers"]=>
  array(1) {
    [0]=>
    array(5) {
      ["firstname"]=>
      string(6) "Stuart"
      ["surname"]=>
      string(8) "Blackett"
      ["address2"]=>
      string(17) "Line 1"
      ["town"]=>
      string(12) "Town"
      ["passportnumber"]=>
      string(2) "TS"
    }
  }
  ["user_email"]=>
  string(27) "xyz@mail.co.uk"
  ["user_phone"]=>
  string(2) "01"

My current Laravel Controller code is :
// Create View Confirming Payment....
$booking_data = Session::all();

// Send Confirmation To User & Site Admin...
$user_email = Session::get('user_email');

Mail::send('emails.confirmation', $booking_data, function($message) use ($booking_data)
{
    $message->from('xyz@mail.co.uk', 'In The Air Deals');

    $message->to(Session::get('user_email'))
        ->cc('xyz@mail.co.uk')
        ->subject('Booking Confirmation from In The Air Deals');
});

In the view I am using blade and doing the following :
@foreach ($booking_data['passengers'] as $passenger)

   Name:

   {{ $passenger->firstname }}
   {{ $passenger->surname }}

   Address:

   {{ $passenger->address1 }}

   {{ $passenger->address2 }}
   {{ $passenger->town }}

 </tr
@endforeach

Is there something else I need to do, To get the booking data passed to the view?
Thanks

A: try this:
@foreach ($passengers as $passenger)

   Name:

   {{ $passenger->firstname }}
   {{ $passenger->surname }}

   Address:

   {{ $passenger->address1 }}

   {{ $passenger->address2 }}
   {{ $passenger->town }}

 </tr
@endforeach

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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This is the fourth time Sansara have performed for Stockbridge Music. The choir has grown fast in stature here and abroad, and it's difficult to avoid endless superlatives about their singing. Here are three prestigious plaudits: the composer Sir James McMillan 'truly special, a brilliant new choir'; the Observer 'perfect intonation, clean pure sound, choral singing with real depth'; Peter Phillips, founder and director of the Tallis Scholars '…they think so intelligently about the music, they know how to blend with each other'.
So it was with this Remembrance concert, titled 'For the Fallen'. The Sansara Consort, as they're now called, have no fixed number of singers. For their debut CD for example, which incidentally has also been washed with praise, they needed twenty four. However, here there were only nine. No conductor, because these singers possess sixth sense. Their accuracy is impeccable, ensemble extraordinary, hard vocal entry sounds such as an a or a c sung as one.
Their purity of sound infused ten works. These were simply listed in the audience programmes due to printer problems. No detail or translation. But this mattered little. The packed church was mesmerised by the beautiful singing and the music which was nearly all from the sixteenth century, spellbound by Sansara's astonishing musicality.
All the texts reflected death and redemption, pleas for mercy and for peace, heresy denounced and grief consoled. Inspirational works by two twentieth century composers complemented the others, Da pacem Domine by the Estonian Arvo Pärt, sung with wonderfully devotional commitment, and Sir John Tavener's Funeral Ikos. This was quite exceptional singing, a unique interpretation, spot on.
In addition to four pieces by William Byrd, there were compositions by Nicolas Gombert from Flanders, who was scooped up by the Holy Roman Emperor Charles 5th into his travelling court and is credited for introducing polyphonic music to the Spanish peninsula; the prodigious Flemish writer Giaches de Wert one of whose landmarks was writing for an expert Italian women's group Concerto delle Donne (nothing is new); and Robert White whose writing was advanced for the time and is notable for his Old Testament inspired Lamentations, one of them sung so expertly here.
How things have moved on since 2013 when a group of former Winchester choristers and quiristers first formed Sansara. Since then they've achieved stratospheric award winning musical heights and plan to become a registered charity. Their foundations though remain in Winchester. What a privilege to have witnessed the birth, and now the young adulthood of the Sansara Consort.


text:
Q: Dynamically change Background Image of a JPanel Trying ti change the BG image of a jpanel but i cant call poaint on any normal method, it works great when i'm building the constructor but i don't want to rebuild the constructor.
....
Sort of found a solution by putting a label in my center frame and calling setIcon but i need to be able to pull the relelevant info so i need to find a way to store a value into my Jtoggle button (the id of the Race or class so i can fetch it's picture and change the icon)
thoughts? Everything compiles outside the iff statement which is my sticking point
RaceButtons_lft[i] =  new JToggleButton();
RaceButtons_lft[i].addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent ae) {
JToggleButton cb = (JToggleButton)ae.getSource();
for (int j=0; j<MyRaceArray.size(); j++)
{
if (MyRaceArray.get(j).getraceID() == combo_contents.getIndex()){//here is my sticking point, i need to find a way to match MyRaceArray's getRaceID to some value saved withthe Toggle button
final ImageIcon BGCSMs = ScaledImageIcon("Fantasy_Landscape_01.jpg", "Profile Pic", (468-(60*2)), 285);
picLabel.setIcon(BGCSMs);
}//if
}//for
}//action performed;
});//button add action listener

A: Calling
super.paintComponent(..)

will probably - depending on the super class - fill the component with the background color.
public void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
  // Let UI Delegate paint first, which
  // includes background filling since
  // this component is opaque.

  super.paintComponent(g);
  g.drawString("This is my custom Panel!",10,20);
  redSquare.paintSquare(g);
}

(see A Closer Look at the Paint Mechanism). You don't need repaint(..) in this case.

A: You could be suffering from a number of problems, which we can't see because we don't have enough context...

*

*You could have a reference issue, instead of trying to repaint the component on the screen, you've inadvertently gotten the wrong reference...

*You could be shadowing your variables...

*You could be painting to a opaque component...

Assuming that the code you have posted is linear (ie, it appears in you code in this exact order or close enough to it), I can see one possible problem...
ImageIcon RCicon = createImageIcon(temp_race.getActiveHeadshot(), temp_race.getRaceNameString(race.getraceID()));
Image RCimg = RCicon.getImage();
RCimg = RCimg.getScaledInstance((468-(60*2)), 285, java.awt.Image.SCALE_SMOOTH);

portraitCenterOptions.setBackground(Color.White){
    protected void paintComponent(Graphics h)
    {
        //...//
        // There is no way that this reference can be valid...
        // The image created above will only have a local reference unto itself
        // suggestion that you're shadowing your variables...
        final ImageIcon bodypicSM = new ImageIcon(RCimg);
        //...//
    }
};

But without a working example, it's impossible to know...

import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import java.awt.Dimension;
import java.awt.EventQueue;
import java.awt.FontMetrics;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.Graphics2D;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.text.DateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.UIManager;
import javax.swing.UnsupportedLookAndFeelException;

public class ChangeBackground {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new ChangeBackground();
    }

    public ChangeBackground() {
        EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                try {
                    UIManager.setLookAndFeel(UIManager.getSystemLookAndFeelClassName());
                } catch (ClassNotFoundException | InstantiationException | IllegalAccessException | UnsupportedLookAndFeelException ex) {
                }

                final PaintPane pane = new PaintPane();
                JFrame frame = new JFrame("Test");
                frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
                frame.setLayout(new BorderLayout());
                frame.add(pane);

                JButton change = new JButton("Change");
                change.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
                    @Override
                    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                        pane.changeBackground();
                        pane.repaint();
                    }
                });

                frame.add(change, BorderLayout.SOUTH);
                frame.pack();
                frame.setLocationRelativeTo(null);
                frame.setVisible(true);
            }

        });
    }

    public class PaintPane extends JPanel {

        private BufferedImage bg;
        private int changes = 0;

        public PaintPane() {
            changeBackground();
        }

        public void changeBackground() {

            bg = new BufferedImage(200, 200, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_ARGB);
            Graphics2D g = bg.createGraphics();
            FontMetrics fm = g.getFontMetrics();
            g.setColor(getForeground());
            String[] text = {
                "I've been changed " + changes + " times",
                "Last changed at " + DateFormat.getDateTimeInstance().format(new Date())};
            int y = (200 - (fm.getHeight() * 2)) / 2;
            for (String value : text) {
                int x = (200 - fm.stringWidth(value)) / 2;
                g.drawString(value, x, y + fm.getAscent());
                y += fm.getHeight();
            }
            g.dispose();
            changes++;

        }

        @Override
        public Dimension getPreferredSize() {
            return new Dimension(200, 200);
        }

        @Override
        protected void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
            super.paintComponent(g);
            int x = (getWidth() - bg.getWidth()) / 2;
            int y = (getHeight() - bg.getHeight()) / 2;
            g.drawImage(bg, x, y, this);
        }

    }

}

A: Call repaint() on the component after you have finished your changes to the background

A: so ultimately tried a few thing and just got lazy, added a label in the center and called "SetIcon, does what I need it to do, thanks for the ideas though.


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text:
Q: iPhone to iPhone Communication over long distance I am new to iPhone app programing  and I am looking to make a simple app that can send and recieve a basic push notification. This notification would then trigger an action within the app when recieved. This cannot be sent over bluetooth or wifi as it will be over a long distance. How could I set this up?

A: You can use Firebase Platform. Read more

*

*https://firebase.google.com/products/realtime-database

*https://firebase.google.com/products/in-app-messaging

*https://firebase.google.com/products/cloud-messaging


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text:
Q: Compilation error - inline code I'm using a 3-tier architecture for my application. I'm using inline code to call certain methods found in the business logic. I have a method which returns a particular string message. The following code is returning an error

<a href="/" title='<%= systemMessagesBL.ReturnMessage("MSG_MAINPAGE_TOOLTIP", 1) %>'>Application

The error being: CS0103: The name 'systemMessagesBL' does not exist in the current context. And this although I already made a reference to it using the following embedded code:
<% BusinessLogic.SystemMessagesBL systemMessagesBL = new BusinessLogic.SystemMessagesBL(); %>
What may be the problem?

A: Try declaring your object in a code-behind file, not inline, and make it protected:
protected BusinessLogic.SystemMessagesBL systemMessagesBL =
   new BusinessLogic.SystemMessagesBL();

then your inline stuff should pick it up.


text:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<rss version="2.0" xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd">
    <channel xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd">
        <title>Resursion-cast</title>
        <description>For all things recursion</description>
        <link>http://www.recursion.com</link>
        <itunes:new-feed-url>recursion.xml</itunes:new-feed-url>
    </channel>
</rss>

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
\section{Introduction}

\subsection{Historical overview of the theory}

The formation of a stellar cusp of stars near massive black holes (MBHs) was first discussed by \citet{Pee72}, who argued that a Maxwellian distribution is not feasible because stars would be destroyed at unphysical high rates close to the MBH. \citet{Bah76} performed a more detailed calculation and showed that indeed a cusp forms, but with a shallower slope than found by Peebles. The Bahcall \& Wolf profile of $n(r)\propto r^{-7/4}$, where $n(r)$ is the density at radius $r$, has since been confirmed in many theoretical papers with different methods, including Fokker-Planck \citep[e.g.][]{Coh78, Mur91}, Monte Carlo \citep[e.g.][]{Sha78, Fre02} and $N$-body methods \citep{Pre04, Bau04a}, and can be understood (with hindsight) by simple dimensional arguments \citep[e.g.][]{Bin08, Sar06}.

In a second paper, \citet{Bah77} considered the evolution of stellar systems with several masses (denoted with $M$) and showed that again the resulting steady state distribution functions $f_{M}(E) \propto E^{p_M}$ are approximate power laws, with the more massive stars having steeper slopes. They found that the stellar current into the MBH, $Q_{M} (E )$, is very small (``zero-flow solution") which leads to a specific relation between the stellar mass and the logarithmic slope of the DF\footnote{Throughout this paper the subscripts $L, H$ refer to either the light or the heavy component of a two-mass system.}, $p_M = M_L/4M_H$. In the Keplerian limit near the MBH, these DFs correspond to power-law density cusps, $n(r)\propto r^{-\alpha_M}$ with $\alpha_M = 3/2 + p_M$. In their analysis, they considered quite moderate number and mass-ratios, and concluded that the stars with the lowest masses have slopes $\alpha_L \gtrsim 3/2$, whereas the stars with the highest masses have slopes $\alpha_H \lesssim 2 $. In contrast to their work on single mass-systems, for several decades surprisingly few studies pursued the dynamics of multi-mass systems.

\citet{Mur91} performed a Fokker-Planck study with a mass-spectrum, in addition to other physical processes such as stellar collisions, tidal disruptions and stellar evolution. More recently, motivated by observations of the stellar population surrounding the MBH in Galactic centre (GC), there have been several studies of mass-segregation near MBHs. The first applications to the GC were by \citet{Fre02, Fre03, Fre06}, who used H\'enon-type Monte Carlo simulations. These simulations broadly confirmed the results by \citet{Bah77}, and showed that cusps should indeed form near the MBH in our own GC.

The planning of the {\it Laser Interferometer Space Antenna} (LISA) formed another motivation for the study of mass-segregation near MBHs \citep[e.g.,][]{Sig97b}.
The reason for this is as follows. When compact stellar remnants spiral into MBHs of $\sim10^6 {M_{\odot}}$, they emit gravitational waves with frequencies and power such that LISA should be able to observe them out to redshifts $z\gtrsim1$. It was shown by \citet{Hop05} that stars can only spiral in successfully if they start very close ($\lesssim0.01 {\rm pc}$) to the MBH, for otherwise they are scattered away from their inspiral orbit. The implication is that inspiral rates are very sensitive to the details of the stellar distribution very close to the MBH, which is in turn dependent on the amount of mass segregation in the cusp. As a result, inspiral rates of stellar black holes (BHs) may be higher than those of white dwarfs (WDs) \citep{Hop06b}: even though for typical initial mass functions there are many more WDs than BHs in an evolved stellar population, mass-segregation drives the BHs to such orbits where they can spiral in, such that within $\sim0.01{\rm pc}$ there may in fact be more BHs than WDs. In addition to inspiral stars, LISA may also observe gravitational wave bursts from stars during a single fly-by in our {\it own} GC \citep{Rub06}. These stars are usually on very short period ($\sim1{\rm yr}$) orbits, and mass-segregation makes it again more likely to observe bursts from BHs than from other stars \citep{Hop07}.

The interest in mass segregation near MBHs, driven by observation, has also led to new theoretical developments. \citet{Ale09} extended the analysis by \citet{Bah77} to a much larger parameter space, and showed that the study by \citet{Bah77} happened to be at a corner of this space where the behaviour is very stable, but that for systems where the massive stars are less numerous the evolution is very different; see \S\ref{s:duo} and Figure (\ref{f:Delta}). More specifically, they found that the most massive stars can have power law slopes that are steeper than $\alpha=2$, which was ruled out by \citet{Bah77}. This kind of ``strong mass segregation" was confirmed in $N$-body simulations by \citet{Pre10}. An analytical study of mass segregation with {\it continuous} mass functions was performed by \citet{Kes09}, who showed that, in the maximally steep limit, heavy stars can develop a cusp as steep as $n(r) \propto r^{-3}$.

In this work we revisit the evolution of a cusp from a duo-mass stellar population which undergoes mass segregation \citep{Ale09}, determine the time scale for arriving at a steady state distribution, and discuss the results in terms of the GC.

\section{Duo-mass systems and strong mass-segregation}\label{s:duo}
\citet{Ale09} use Fokker-Planck simulations to find the the approximate steady state distribution functions (DFs) of a non-evolving spherically-distributed duo-mass stellar population around a fixed MBH. Mass is measured in units of the mass of a reference star $M_{\star}$, specific energy in units of its velocity dispersion $\epsilon_{\star}\!=\!\sigma_{\star}^{2}$, and time in units of its two-body relaxation time at the radius of influence,
\begin{equation}\label{e:tstar}
t_{\star}=\frac{3(2\pi\sigma_{\star}^{2})^{3/2}}{32\pi^{2}G^{2}M_{\star}^{2}n_{\star}\ln\Lambda}\,,
\end{equation}
where the Coulomb term is estimated as $\Lambda\!=\!M_{\bullet}/M_{\star}$. Phase
space density is expressed in units of $f_{\star}\!=\! n_{\star}/(2\pi\sigma_{\star}^{2})^{3/2}$
and distance in units of the MBH radius of influence $r_{\star}\!=\! GM_{\bullet}/\sigma_{\star}^{2}$.
In these units, the dimensionless specific orbital energy is defined
as $x\!=\!\epsilon/\sigma_{\star}^{2}\!=\!r_{\star}/(2a)$ ($a$ is the
semi-major axis), the dimensionless time is defined as $\tau\!=\! t/t_{\star}$,
and the dimensionless DF of each stellar mass group as $g_{M}\!=\! f_{M}/f_{\star}$. The evolution of the dimensionless DF, $g_{M}$, is given by the time and energy dependent particle conservation equation that describes the two-body diffusion of stars in energy from a fixed unbound reservoir into the MBH sink,
\begin{equation}
\frac{\partial}{\partial\tau}g_{M}(x,\tau)=-x^{5/2}\frac{\partial}{\partial x}Q_{M}(x,\tau)\,.\label{e:FPeq}\end{equation}
$Q_{M}$ is the energy flow integral which expresses the change in energy due to two-body scattering \citep{Bah76,Bah77},
\begin{eqnarray}
Q_{M}(x) & = & \sum_{M'}MM'\int_{-\infty}^{x_{D}}\frac{\mathsf{d}x'}{\max\left(x,x'\right)^{3/2}}\times\nonumber \\
 &  & \left[g_{M}(x)\frac{\partial g_{M'}(x')}{\partial x'}\!-\!\frac{M'}{M}g_{M'}(x')\frac{\partial g_{M}(x)}{\partial x}\right]\,.\label{e:Qm}\end{eqnarray}
Equation (\ref{e:FPeq}) is integrated in time from an arbitrary initial
DF until steady state is achieved, subject to the boundary conditions
that the DF falls to zero at some very high energy $x_{D}$ where
the stars are destroyed, and that the unbound stars are replenished
from a Maxwellian reservoir,
\begin{equation}
g_{M}(x\!>\! x_{D})\!=\!0\,,\quad g_{M}(x\!<\!0)\!=\! C_{M}\exp[(\sigma_{\star}^{2}/\sigma_{M}^{2})x]\,,\label{e:BCs}
\end{equation}
 where the constant $C_{M}$ is related to $S_{M}$ (the asymptotic number density ratio of star M relative to the reference star; $S_* = 1$ by definition) by $C_{M}=\left(\sigma_{\star}/\sigma_{M}\right)^{3}S_{M}\,$.
They assume violent relaxation boundary conditions such that $C_{M}\!=\! S_{M}\!=\! S_{\star}$; the steady state DFs do not depend strongly on these specific choices of boundary conditions \citep{Bah77, Ale09}.

These calculations are used to explore steady state solutions for stellar distributions in both the weak and strong mass segregation regime, the nature of which they notate using the relaxational coupling parameter $\Delta$. This parameter describes the competition between the self-coupling of the heavy stars and the light-heavy coupling in terms of the mass and number ratios,
\begin{equation}
\Delta = {N_H M^2_H \over N_L M^2_L } \times {4 \over 3 + M_H/M_L}.
\label{e:Delta}
\end{equation}
We reproduce some results of their simulations in Figure (\ref{f:Delta}) which shows the local logarithmic slopes of the DFs, $p_L$ and $p_H$, at $x=10$ (which corresponds to orbits with a semi major axis of $a = 0.1 $pc for $r_* = 2$ pc in the GC) as a function of $\Delta$. For comparison, they take the same mass ratios as modeled by BW77, $M_H /M_L = 1.5, 3, 10$.

\begin{figure}[!h]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[height=85 mm,angle=0 ]{f1.eps}
\caption{The power-law indices $P_{\rm L,H}$ (thin and thick lines respectively), as derived from the logarithmic slopes of $g_{\rm L,H}$ at $x = 10$ as a function of $\Delta$ for different mass ratios. The logarithmic slopes of the DFs as calculated by \citet{Bah77} are over-plotted as open circles. The transition between the weak and strong mass segregation solutions at $\Delta \sim 1$, which is a reflection of the breakdown of the zero-flow assumption as $\Delta \rightarrow 0$, is marked. {\it Figure reproduced from \citet{Ale09} by permission of the AAS.}
\label{f:Delta}}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

In the weak segregation limit (the Bahcall-Wolf solution), $\Delta \rightarrow \infty$, which is the zero-flow ($Q_M \rightarrow 0$) limit, the heavy stars dominate the population and relax to the single mass cusp $\alpha_H = 7/4$ ($p_H=1/4$). The light stars heat by scattering against the effectively infinite reservoir of heavy stars and diffuse to lower energies, thereby settling to a flatter cusp with $\alpha_L \rightarrow 3/2$ ($p_L = M_L/4M_H \rightarrow 0$). In the strong segregation limit, $\Delta \rightarrow 0$, the light stars, which dominate the population, behave as a single mass population with $\alpha_L = 7/4$ ($p_L =1/4$). The rare heavy stars sink to the centre by dynamical friction against the effectively infinite reservoir of light stars. For low mass ratios, $M_H /M_L < 4$, where dynamical friction is less efficient, the heavy stars approximately obey the BW77 relation, $p_H= (M_H /M_L) p_L = M_H /4M_L$. For higher mass ratios, $M_H /M_L > 4$, the heavy stars approach the dynamical friction limit, $p_H \rightarrow 5/4$. \\

The present-day mass function of evolved stellar populations (coeval or continuously star forming) with a universal initial mass function, separates into two distinct mass scales, $\sim 1 M_{\odot}$ of main sequence stars, dwarfs and neutron stars, and $\sim 10 M_{\odot}$ of BHs. In this sense such systems can be approximated by a duo-mass system. Furthermore, \citet{Ale09} show that $\Delta < 0.1$ so that this system should be strongly mass segregated. In the next section we calculate the time scale for such a system to form a mass segregated steady state cusp.

\section{Time-dependence of cusp formation}\label{s:time}

The amount of time it takes to form a stellar cusp around a MBH in a galactic nucleus is important for many reasons including, but not limited to, event rates of stellar collisions, tidal disruptions of stars and inspirals of compact objects with the emission of gravitational waves. In particular, if this time is greater than a Hubble time, event rates will be lower than previously predicted. To determine this time scale we use Fokker-Planck simulations as described in \S\ref{s:duo} with initial DFs $g_M(x)\propto x^{-0.5}$. We find that steady state is reached in $\tau = 0.2-0.3$; see Figure (\ref{f:ss}).

Our result is in agreement with \citet{Pre10} who find, using both Fokker-Planck and $N$-body simulations, that steady state is reached in $t \sim (0.1 - 0.2) ~ T_{\rm rlx}(r_h)$, where $T_{\rm rlx}(r_h)$ is the value of the relaxation time at the radius of influence of a MBH, and roughly equivalent to $t_{\star}$ in Equation (\ref{e:tstar}). Values of the relaxation time for MBHs with $M_{\bullet} \lesssim 6 \times 10^6 M_{\odot}$ vary in the literature, but are generally constrained to within $0.5 - 3 \times 10^{10} {\rm yr}$. Our results imply that quasi-steady, mass segregated stellar cusps should be common around MBHs in galactic nuclei for this mass regime. Hence, assuming GC parameters that we observe today \citep[see][]{Mer09b}, a cusp should form within
\begin{eqnarray}
t_{\rm cusp} & = & 0.2 -0.3~ t_{\star} \nonumber\\
 & \approxeq & 0.5 - 6  \times 10^9 {\rm yr} .
   \label{e:tcusp}
 \end{eqnarray}

\begin{figure}[!h]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[height=120 mm,angle=270 ]{f2.eps}
\caption{Evolution of the distribution function, shown at dimensionless times $\tau=\{0.1, 0.2, 0.3\}$ with increasing thickness for increasing time. Steady state is reached in about $\tau=0.2-0.3$. Initially, all DFs were $g(x)\propto x^{-0.5}$. Interestingly, for short times the distribution of white dwarfs (WD), main sequence stars (MS) and neutron stars (NS) grows steeper than the final distribution which is approximately energy independent. The reason is that it takes time for the stellar black holes (BH) to grow a steep cusp and become the dominant species. \label{f:ss}}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

\section{Applications}

\subsection{Galactic centre cusp}

Several studies \citep[e.g.][]{Ale99a, Gen03a, Sch07} have shown that indeed a cusp of stars is present in the GC. However, recently it has become clear that even though the {\it young} stars do have a power law profile, there is a dearth of giant stars within $\sim0.1{\rm pc}$ \citep{Buc09, Do09, Bar10}. Since the O/B stars are too young to have relaxed by the two-body relaxation process discussed here, the conclusion is that currently there is no observational support for cusp formation or mass-segregation in the GC. The reason for the absence of a cusp is unclear. One possibility is that physics not considered here depletes the tightly bound orbits of old stars, for example as a result of stellar collisions \citep[e.g.,][]{Dal09}.

Another option was considered by \citet{Mer09b}, who suggested that relaxational physics {\it does} in fact capture the main mechanism for cusp formation, but that the age of the GC is too short compared to the time scale for a cusp to have formed today. His estimate of the relaxation time is $\gtrsim 2 - 3 \times 10^{10} ~{\rm yr}$, and in his Fokker-Planck simulations, \citet{Mer09b} does not find the formation of a relaxed cusp within that time. This is in contrast to the result we found in \S\ref{s:time}, where a cusp forms in $0.2-0.3 ~ t_{\star}$, similar to the findings by \citet{Pre10}. Thus, even for a relaxation time of $30$ Gyr, the central pc would form a cusp in less than a Hubble time, {\it starting from the current situation}. The reason for this discrepancy in the time scale for reaching a steady state solution is not yet clear, but may be related to the back reaction of the BHs on the light main sequence stars \citep{Pre10}. We note that our findings do not imply that the GC is necessarily relaxed and formed a cusp: it is possible that in the past the density at the radius of influence was lower, that it has taken a Hubble time to contract\footnote{Our treatment of the Fokker-Planck equations does not evolve the stars that are unbound to the MBH, such that we cannot follow the contraction of the cusp. For a study that includes self-consistent mass-segregation and evolution of the ambient cluster of stars, see \citet{Pre10}.} to the current configuration, and that the remaining time to form a cusp is less than a Hubble time \citep{Mer09b}. However, this argument appears to be more attractive when the remaining time for cusp formation exceeds a Hubble time.

\subsection{S-stars}

Relaxational dynamics cannot account for the presence of a cluster of B-stars known as the``S-stars" in the inner $\sim0.03 {\rm pc}$ near the MBH in the GC \citep{Sch02, Ghe05, Eis05, Gil09}, since the time scales are too long for young stars (with ages between $\sim 20 -100$ Myr) to diffuse to such distances. There have been many suggestions of how the S-stars have reached their current orbits. Currently the most promising scenarios seem to be those where a binary star is tidally disrupted by the MBH \citep{Hil88, YuQ03}. Such binaries may originate very far from the MBH, where they are perhaps driven to eccentric orbits by triaxiality or massive perturbers \citep{Per07}. Alternatively, binaries which form in eccentric accretion discs can be pumped to very high eccentricities by a gravitational instability \citep{Mad09}. In either case, a B-star may end up on a tightly bound orbit, but the orbit will be very eccentric ($e\!\sim\!0.99$). Post-capture dynamics must then account for the mapping of the initial, very high eccentricity distribution to the current distribution in the GC.

The mechanism responsible for changing the eccentricities is most likely resonant relaxation \citep[RR;][]{Rau96}, a secular process that very efficiently randomizes the angular momenta of orbits if the precession time is much longer than the orbital time-scale. For the S-stars, the resonant relaxation time is of order
\begin{equation}
T_{\rm RR} \sim 100\, {\rm Myr} {M_{\odot}\over M_{\star}},
\end{equation}
where $M_{\star}$ is the typical mass of stars. For $M_{\star}=10M_{\odot}$, appropriate for mass segregated BHs, this time-scale is short enough to randomize the orbits \citep{Hop06, Lev07}. Post-capture evolution was studied in detail by \citet{Per09} with the use of $N$-body simulations. These simulations do not include general relativistic precession, which is potentially important for the highly eccentric orbits that are considered here, but they clearly show that the distribution evolves on time-scales of the order $T_{\rm RR}$. For $M_{\star} = 1 M_{\odot}$ however, this time scale is too large for the S-star orbits to have evolved from high eccentricities to their currently observed orbits. Only if there are mass-segregated BHs within the S-star radii can RR explain their orbital parameters.

\subsection{Gravitational waves}
As stated in the introduction, most compact remnants that spiral in successfully onto MBHs to become detectable gravitational wave sources originate from distances very close ($\lesssim0.01 {\rm pc}$) to the MBH. It is therefore important to what extent such orbits are populated, and mass-segregation helps to increase this number. In spite of this, even if there is no cusp in the GC, this would not necessarily imply that other, similar galaxies do not have cusps either. If, as we find, the time for cusp formation from the current state is less than a Hubble time, then one would expect that most galaxies with MBHs similar to the GC did in fact form cusps, even if our Galaxy did not. Furthermore, most inspiral sources originate from lower mass MBHs \citep{Hop09, Gai09}; such galaxies have even shorter relaxation times, and are thus more likely to have formed cusps. The predicted number of detectable LISA sources will therefore not depend strongly on the question of whether a cusp is present or not in the GC. Conclusions regarding the absence of a gravitational wave background from fly-bys \citep{Too09} will likewise not be strongly affected.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


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Summary: During a very tragic accident, a man not only loses his wife but also his sanity. Read a tragic story about a man determined to have his wife back, and creating the perfect woman.
I write this memoir in my journal to express my deepest disappointment and repentance. After a longstanding attempt at recreating what was once the apple of my eye, I am deeply sorry to inform whoever reads this that I have failed. I have not been able to spawn the feelings that I once held for the late, great, lost Adela. The affection and devotion that Adela and I felt for each other when our souls were young still have me yearning for her tenderness and affection. So now, I admit to you, my horrible actions that deeply sadden me.
Walking home one evening with my dearest Adela, on a dark foggy night -- in this town, it's always dark and foggy. I do not know why -- this fog, was a particularly burdensome fog. If you resided in this town for your whole life however, you learn to not let the gloomy fog get in the way of your everyday enterprises. But if you were to move into this town, it would be so dispiriting it would most likely result in your own self demise. But nevertheless, Adela and I were enjoying our time alone when out of the ordinary, a horse carriage jumped the curb. As I saw the horse drawn carriage barreling toward us, my natural human aptitude prompted me to jump out of the way! But my careless, negligent instincts as a lover and a husband stopped me from saving my dearest Adela and forfeiting my own life just to save hers. I watched my wife, my life, my sunshine in this foggy town get conquered by the carriage. Estimating her body to land about 50 feet away in the park stream, I ran to my bride, but alas, she was just a lifeless carcass.
So now I write this memoir not to strew make people think I am insane. I am the farthest thing from psychotic. But what I have been doing is unacceptable. And just know that as you read this, I have already ran away to a far and distant land where no one will ever be able to find me. I just need people to know precisely what happened here.
On an evening that felt as if Armageddon was slowly approaching, -- approaching only because it was moments after Adela's funeral had concluded -- I was walking back to my estate, when I walked past a clothing store. Studying what I was looking at through the windows of the store front, I couldn't help but to admire and extol the mannequins that were staring back at me. Faceless, nameless, and lifeless, I couldn't help but say to myself "well, what a perfect woman." Ah, yes the perfect gentlewoman. Skinny, curvy, a body like an hourglass. The only thing this "woman" needed was a perfect mask to adulate her perfect body. "Knock it off right this instant Surgio!" I said to myself as I had to tear myself away from the storefront, "those are barren, lifeless mannequins in there. Mannequins, and nothing else!" Returning to my estate I fixed myself by my fireplace in my lounge-wear with a cup of tea and a hot dish to go with it. Staring into the crackling, flaming fireplace I found myself thinking about my late Adela over and over again. Like she was stuck on a circle track in my mind. Running through my thoughts over and over again on repeat. Finally, with much anger and annoyance I threw down my cup of tea into the fire followed by my supper. I howled at the top of my lungs and sobbed like a baby and grieved over my wife. Looking up above my fireplace I saw the giant mural painting of my Adela. I looked deep into her eyes and asked God why he hadn't taken me to begin with. "Why God?! Why take such a beautiful, smart, caring human being like my Adela and leave the world with such a horrid, self centered, abhorrent man like myself?!" In the middle of all my bellowing my eyes couldn't help but to be drawn to the beautiful face of my Adela. "I have to have her back." I said to myself "I am not crazy! Any sane man who is madly in love with a dead woman would do anything to have her back! And I might be the only sane man to act upon my perception." Saying those things to myself as I put on my raincoat and hat, felt like the right thing to do at the time. "I'll be back," I said to my maid as I left my manor, "I'm going for a walk." I slammed the door and ascended down the hill that was my front lawn. I came down to the edge of my yard wear my groundskeeper kept my carriage ready for me in case I needed to make an emergency surgery house call to one of my patients. I capered aboard my carriage and whipped my stallion firmly. "YAH!" I shouted as I went down toward the town center. Being so late at night, no one was in town when I arrived in front of the clothing store I was admiring earlier. Extracting a stone brick from the saddlebags of my carriage, I raised the brick up over my head, and heaved the heavy brick through the storefront window. Grabbing a mannequin from the store I stripped its garb from its porcelain body and put it gently in the back of my carriage, making my escape back home.
Pulling into the gates of my manor I pulled my horse drawn carriage up to my door so I could unload my mannequin with ease. My maid greeted me at the door. In a hurry I disregarded her greeting and brought the strange, mysterious mannequin to my study. Placing the mannequin on my lab table I started to feel self conscious. "They're all laughing at me down there. They're all wondering 'what on earth is he doing with a mannequin?!'" I was certain that my house help were talking about me behind my back. "Well then, let them talk. I've got work to do!" I thought to myself. Taking a step back I realized something. I realized that my wife's lips, and my maid's lips were wickedly comparable to one another. Grabbing my surgeon back I reached in and pulled out a scalpel, I began to cut out a place for the mouth on the mannequin. Calling downstairs for my maid my hands began to tremble, my nerves began to go crazy. Entering the study I asked my maid "Excuse me but, do you think you could go over to that table and dust off my mannequin please? I'm trying to practice for a surgery I have scheduled for the morning and all that dust it's accumulated is making my sinuses go out of control, ha-ha!" I said nervously as I came up with a fabrication on the spot. "Yes, sir." Said my maid as she reached into her bag and pulled out her dust brush. Walking over to the mannequin, she had no clue while her back was towards me that I revealed an anesthetic needle from my sleeve. Going up behind her -- my hands trembling -- I grabbed a cloth off of the nightstand on my way. Reaching silently into the air with the needle I took my other hand and smothered her mouth with the rag so no one else in the house could hear her screams, I cemented the needle into her neck. Praying and hoping that I hit a vein so the remedy could take its course through her blood stream.
Fading out of consciousness I helped lay the girl down on the table next to the mannequin. I began the procedure. Taking my scalpel and removing her lips sounded easy, and physically it was. But mentally it destroyed me. I knew right from the start that she was just an innocent young woman. She didn't deserve this. Knowing that it was wrong I kept going. I don't know why. But I just had to recreate my wife. I stitched and glued the maids lips to the mannequin, and then I gave the girl a deadly dose of a serum that I brewed myself, and put her body into the walk-in-closet within the study and bolted the door. At least I knew she was dying peacefully in her fake sleep. I did this to countless woman, for months. Kidnapping and cutting off body parts just to recreate my wife… And finally I did. But once it was complete I felt more shame and remorse than I did joy. It was like I didn't even have my Adela back. It was just another lifeless reminder of my dead wife, the many woman that I've murdered along the way. And so now I write this letter to no one in particular and leave it on my desk. Please, if you have a weak stomach or your sanity cannot risk to be damaged, then do not, for the love of God do not unbolt the closet door that is right behind you. The horrid, and deformed carcass' you will see behind there should not be seen by any human being. And not to mention, the haunting, terrifying mannequin that I've left in the darkest corner of the room.


text:
How to Build a Big Wheel
By Jeri Studt ; Updated April 18, 2017
The Big Wheel is a brand of tricycle that first became available in 1969 and was very popular in the 1970s and 1980s. The original Big Wheel disappeared from toy store shelves in 2001 when its manufacturer, Empire Industries, went out of business. A limited number of Big Wheel trikes have since been reintroduced, which means with a few basic tools, you can have your child rolling down your driveway on her Big Wheel.
Rear Wheel Assembly
Remove and discard the plastic shipping caps from the rear axle.
Place a metal cap nut on the wooden block. Insert the rear axle. Tap the axle into place with the hammer.
Slide the axle through the rear wheel. Slide the free end of the axle through the body of the Big Wheel. Slide the other wheel on the free end of the axle. Make sure the spokes of both wheels face out. Turn the Big Wheel on its side.
Place the other cap nut over the other end of the axle. Tap into place with the hammer.
Front Wheel Assembly
Center a washer in a pedal with the teeth of the washer facing up. Slide the pedal on the pedal crank. Tap the pedal into place with the hammer.
Slide the front wheel—the "big wheel" that gives the tricycle its name and characteristic shape—onto the pedal crank.
Position two wheel inserts over the pedal crank and push the whole pedal crank assembly into the wheel cavity. Tap the wheel inserts into place with the hammer. Turn over the wheel assembly.
Position the other two wheel inserts onto the wheel hub and tap into place with the hammer.
Center a washer on the other pedal and slide that pedal on the other side of the pedal crank. Tap into place with the hammer.
Insert the pedal crank into the slots on the front fork. Place a fork block over one end of the pedal crank, holding the front fork in place.
Insert a 1-inch screw in the top hole of the fork block and screw in loosely with the Phillips screwdriver. Insert a 5/8-inch screw in the bottom hole of the fork block and screw in loosely with the Phillips screwdriver. Repeat on the other side. After all screws are in place, tighten them with the Phillips screwdriver.
Position the top post of the front fork through the hole in the body of the Big Wheel. Insert the handlebars on top of the post.
Screw a 1 3/4-inch screw through the hole in the front of the handlebars. Screw a 1 3/4 inch screw through a hole in the back of the handlebars. Tighten with the screwdriver.
Snap the seat into place on the body of the Big Wheel.
Small wood block
Big Wheel assembly kit
Take care not to overtighten the screws.
16-inch Ride On Cycle Instructions
History of the Big Wheel
Based in the wilds of western Iowa, Jeri Studt has been writing and editing articles on food, gardening, pets and people since 1987. She earned her bachelor's degree in journalism at the University of Nebraska at Omaha and has studied horticulture and biology.
Ablestock.com/AbleStock.com/Getty Images

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: Is it possible to return custom Java objects combining multiple aggregates in Spring Data JDBC? I have multiple aggregate classes, such as Request, Scribe, Candidate, and Exam.
Sample schema:
Request (id, scribe_id, candidate_id, exam_id, status)
Scribe (id, name)
Candidate (id, name)
Exam (id, name, schedule)
As you can see, Request table has references to Scribe, Candidate, and Exam tables.
For one of the requirements, I need to return all requests based on a condition by including all the corresponding details of scribe, candidate, and exam.
For this, the query in my repository class will be similar to the following:
SELECT r.id, r.status, c.name, s.name,
                e.schedule, e.name
            FROM request r
            JOIN candidate c ON r.candidate=c.id
            JOIN scribe s ON r.scribe=s.id
            JOIN exam e ON r.exam=e.id
            WHERE <some-condition>

Now, is there a way to map the result of this query directly to a custom Java object and return the same in Spring Data JDBC?
I believe another alternative is to use the Spring JDBC template.
Curious, any out-of-the-box support from Spring Data JDBC?
Thanks.

A: I am able to return custom Java object by setting rowMapperClass value of org.springframework.data.jdbc.repository.query.Query annotation. For this need to define RowMapper for custom Java object.
Changes look similar to the following:
public class RequestResourceRowMapper implements RowMapper<RequestResource> {
    @Override
    public RequestResource mapRow(ResultSet resultSet, int rowNumber) throws SQLException { ... }
}

In repository class, need to set rowMapper value.
 @Query(value = """
              SELECT r.id, r.status, c.name, s.name,
                e.schedule, e.name
            FROM request r
            JOIN candidate c ON r.candidate=c.id
            JOIN scribe s ON r.scribe=s.id
            JOIN exam e ON r.exam=e.id
            WHERE <some-condition>
            """,
            rowMapperClass = RequestResourceRowMapper.class)
    List<RequestResource> searchRequestResources(...);

A: This could have even been possible without using a custom row mapper as well, but in that case, you will have to assign different names to the columns across the tables. You could have defined a simple class and defined all the fields in there and for mapping the java fields with the corresponding columns in the table, you could have used the @Column attributes example:
public class RequestData {

@Column("id")
private Integer requestId;

@Column("scribe_id")
private String scribeId;

@Column("candidate_id")
private Integer candidateId;

@Column("scribe_name")
private String scribeName;

@Column("candidate_name")
private String candidateName;

@Column("exam_name")
private String examName;

@Column("exam_schedule")
private String examSchedule;

}

However, for such case, you need to have different column names across the schema's which might not be possible in your case as you have same column names in multiple schemas.


I'm back again. Sorry about the sporadic posting. It's been a bit busy here as I have six weeks left of uni! I can't believe it but at the same time, this semester has been dragging by and I cannot wait to finish.
My Dad came down last weekend to run Bridge to Brisbane with me, which coincided with his birthday and Father's Day. It was a great weekend - we ate a lot, I ran my first ever race (only a 5K) and in general enjoyed having some family time. It was great to spend time with just my Dad - usually in my family I hang out with Mum and my brother hangs out with Dad. It was a shame my Mum couldn't make it down this time, but both my parents will be visiting again in three weeks.
So today I am back with what can't really be called a recipe, especially because I forgot the precise ingredients I used. Sorry about that. I'm not winning any awards for being a good blogger at the moment.
These frozen bananas were, obviously, inspired by Arrested Development, which if you haven't seen, do so (though not season 4, feel free to skip that one). You can pretty much do whatever you want with these - dip the bananas in any kind of chocolate you want (or peanut butter or yoghurt) and roll them in nuts, sprinkles, choc bits, coconut, etc.
I also want to thank my lovely friend Annie for making these with me. We actually made these about two months ago but I never got around to posting the recipe on the blog. I thought now would probably be a good time - it's the end of summer in the other half of the world, and over here (on the right side of the world) it's spring and the temperature is pretty much perfect at the moment (mid 20s). So everybody - get busy.
Cut the five bananas in half, so you have 10 half-bananas, sliced lengthways in the middle.
Insert the popsicle sticks in the flat (cut) end of the bananas. Make sure the popsicle sticks are wedged tightly into the banana so the banana will not fall off.
Melt the chocolate you are using. While it is melting (do it over the stove so the chocolate melts evenly and stays warmer for longer), lay out desired toppings on a bench near the melted chocolate, so it easy to do the following steps. Place a tray covered with baking paper near the toppings.
Dip a banana into the melted chocolate and then roll in your desired toppings. Carefully place decorated banana on the tray. Repeat for remaining bananas.
Place tray with decorated bananas into freezer for at least half an hour. Keep bananas frozen and serve cold.
well now all I want is a sugar coated banana... like stat! My dad used to buy these from dairy queen..ya no idea they actually sold them back then but it was a big thing. we loved them!
These are totally cute. My mom used to get these at the State Fairs when she was younger but I never got to try one. I bet the coconut-topped ones are amazing.
I don't like raw bananas, but I certainly would eat these! They have sprinkles :P!
Frozen Bananas looks so delicious and yummy.I loved your way of cooking and dishes. My sister prepared for me. I like it you really deserve this review. Last night I made Punjabi Murgh Pulao Recipe, Its taste also awesome.Sharing a link with you: ( http://howprices.com/punjabi-yakhni-pulao-recipe/ ).


If you're anything like me, you're flat-out tired of getting less than the BEST for your money. Oh man how I hate when I feel the frustration of having to pay too much, or getting horrible customer service. Honestly, it makes me feel all boiled up inside when I feel like I'm being taken advantage of in any aspect of my life.
These days it doesn't happen as often as it used to; I chalk this up to me being a more informed consumer and the years of the screaming from the consumers being heard by companies. Nowadays we see companies lowering prices here and there but it's not a perfect world. The perfect scenario in my mind would be one where a company listens to its customers and makes radical changes in response.
As a customer of Telus for over 20 years (blushing) I've seen them listen to the cries of telecom users. They've invited me to be a part of #TeamTelus which is 15 Canadians who are granted inside access to share with the world. One of the things that I wanted to tell you all about was Telus' Expect More philosophy.
In 2014, the Commissioner for Complaints for Telecommunications Services received 11,340 complaints…all from people like you and I who were frustrated! This isn't shocking news really, if I want to see a reflection of this I just have to go to social media and complaints scroll down my screen. Telus had been noticing this and devised an entire culture because of the dissatisfaction.
This doesn't mean that Telus is done streamlining…they say that they are calling out to Canadians to EXPECT MORE and they will continue delivering more!
Spotlighting Team Members: Telus features its team on the Heroes of TELUS blog series. Here you can get to know some of the team members who are committed to being more engaged with consumers and their needs.
Telus is using social media to reach out and acknowledge dissatisfied telcom customers in a BOLD way. If you go to the Telus Facebook Page you'll see interactions which are certainly different from we're used to seeing from a company facing complaints. Telus is joking with its customers, providing information and not shying away from public complaints…they are openly discussing and offering resolutions.
As a long-term customer, it's a pleasure to hear all of the efforts Telus is making and to witness it on social media. Fact is, we SHOULD expect more from the companies we purchase from and it's refreshing to see one who is paying attention!
Disclosure: I am a member of TeamTelus, this is a sponsored post. All opinions are my own.


One of the hottest star couples in the nation, Naga Chaitanya and Samantha entered wedlock last year amidst much fanfare.
As known already, cupid struck Samantha and Naga Chaitanya during the filming of their 2010 film, Ye Maaya Chesave, the Telugu remake of the hit Gautham Menon-directed, Vinnaithaandi Varuvaayaa starring Simbu and Trisha.
Since then, Chay-Sam, as the fans call them, have gone on to star together in 2 more films in Telugu namely Autonagar Surya and Manam.
Post their wedding, the two have given major couple goals to all those in a relationship by posting selfies and pictures during their travels.
Now, it looks like both Samantha and Naga Chaitanya are all set to be seen on the screen once again in Telugu as they have been signed on to a film to be directed by Ninnu Kori fame Shiva Nirvana.
Tentatively being called NC 17, the project to be produced by Shine Screens was launched by Naga Chaitanya's father and Samanthas's father-in-law Nagarjuna today a short while back.
Furthermore, it is being reported Naga Chaitanya will be seen playing the role of a cricketer in this film, which will be the first time he and Samantha will be featured in a film together post their marriage.