text:
\section{\label{sec:level1}Introduction}

Non-linear interaction between electromagnetic fields can lead to the
appearance of resonances with a bandwidth which is much narrower than the
unperturbed natural linewidth. The most familiar effects that can give such
narrowband response are electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT)
\cite{EITrev} and coherent population oscillations (CPO) \cite{CPO}. In the
EIT\ and CPO cases, the strong pump can form a transparency window in the
probe absorption spectrum accompanied by steep dispersion of the refractive
index that leads to effects such as slow light\emph{
\cite{HarrisPRA1992,BoydSL}. The narrowband medium response can also appear in
the four-wave mixing (FWM) process \cite{FriedmannCPO}, leading under certain
conditions to narrowband biphoton generation due to EIT \cite{NBHarris,NB} or
CPO \cite{NBCPO}. Although there are similarities between EIT and CPO, these
effects are actually different in nature, and the properties of the non-linear
response in each case are determined by different system parameters. For
example, in the case of EIT, the minimal bandwidth of the resonance is
determined by the transverse relaxation rate of the two-photon transition,
whereas in the case of CPO, the minimal bandwidth is determined by the
effective longitudinal relaxation rate; in the EIT case, the resonance appears
at zero two-photon detuning, whereas in the CPO case, the non-linear resonance
is centered at the pump frequency. The fact that in the CPO case, the weak
signal is always centered at the pump frequency makes it difficult to filter
out the weak signal from the strong pump and incoherent scattering.

Here, we analyze the response of a two-level system (TLS) that displays
long-lived coherent population oscillations in the presence of a bichromatic
pump, and one or two weak fields. The two sidebands of the pump are
symmetrically displaced from the pump frequency $\omega_{0}$\thinspace\ and in
the case where the scanning is realized by two probe fields, these fields are
also symmetrically displaced from $\omega_{0}$ (see Fig. \ref{IntScheme}). The
interaction of the TLS with a polychromatic field has been studied from many
different aspects; see, for example, \cite{FicekProgrOpt} and references
therein. In the bichromatic fields, resonances at the subharmonic frequencies
$\omega_{sub}=\omega_{0}\pm\left(  2n+1\right)  \delta$
\cite{Zhu1990,Ficek1993} appear where $\delta$ is the frequency difference
between the two pumps and $n$\ is an integer. Here we demonstrate that these
resonances can appear under CPO conditions with a width determined by the
effective longitudinal relaxation rate. We also demonstrate that there is
effective parametric interaction between two weak probes tuned in the region
of the two symmetrically displaced CPO resonances. Under certain conditions
this parametric interaction can appear at a pump Rabi frequency well below the
transverse relaxation rate of the TLS.

\section{\label{sec:level2}The model}

Let us consider the two-level quantum system composed of levels $\left\vert
1\right\rangle $ and $\left\vert 2\right\rangle $ interacting with the
electromagnetic field $E$. It is assumed that system has an additional
off-resonant quantum metastable state $\left\vert m\right\rangle $ which is
radiatively coupled to the TLS (see Fig. \ref{IntScheme})
\begin{figure}
[ptb]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[
height=2.9603in,
width=2.6662in

{InteractionScheme4a.eps
\caption{A two-level system $\left\vert 2\right\rangle -\left\vert
1\right\rangle $ interacting with bichromatic pump field $V_{21}^{s1,s2}$ and
bichromatic probe field $V_{21}^{p1,p2}$. $\gamma_{21}$ longitudinal
relaxation from the excited state to the ground, $\gamma_{o}$ - longitudinal
relaxation rate from the excited state to the intermediate metastable state
$\left\vert m\right\rangle $ and $\gamma_{m}$ is the longitudinal relaxation
rate from intermediate state to the ground.
\label{IntScheme
\end{center}
\end{figure}
The set of Bloch equations for the present system has the following form
\begin{equation}
\left(  \frac{d}{dt}+\Gamma_{21}+i\omega_{21}\right)  \rho_{21}+iV_{21}\left(
\rho_{11}-\rho_{22}\right)  =0 \label{Bloch_ro21
\end{equation
\begin{equation}
\left(  \frac{d}{dt}+\Gamma_{21}-i\omega_{21}\right)  \rho_{12}-iV_{12}\left(
\rho_{11}-\rho_{22}\right)  =0 \label{Bloch_ro12
\end{equation
\begin{equation}
V_{12}\rho_{21}-iV_{21}\rho_{12}+\frac{d\rho_{11}}{dt}-\gamma_{21}\rho
_{22}-\gamma_{m}\rho_{m}=0 \label{Bloch_ro11
\end{equation
\begin{equation}
\frac{d\rho_{m}}{dt}+\gamma_{m}\rho_{m}-\gamma_{o}\rho_{22}=0
\label{Bloch_ro33_0
\end{equation}
where $V_{21}$ is the total Rabi frequency, and $\Gamma_{21}$ is the
transverse relaxation rate of the $\left\vert 2\right\rangle -\left\vert
1\right\rangle $ transition, and $\gamma_{21}$, $\gamma_{o}$, and $\gamma_{m}$
are the population relaxation constants from the excited state to the ground
state, from the excited state to the metastable state, and from the metastable
to the ground state, respectively. Further, we assume that the system is
closed and that the total population in the system is conserved so tha
\begin{equation}
\rho_{11}+\rho_{22}+\rho_{m}=1. \label{Conservation
\end{equation}
Let us introduce the population inversion
\begin{equation}
r=\rho_{22}-\rho_{11}, \label{r_Def
\end{equation}
and, using Eqs. (\ref{Conservation}) and (\ref{r_Def}), define $\rho_{11}$ and
$\rho_{22}$ in terms of $r$ and $\rho_{m}$. We then rewrite Eqs.
(\ref{Bloch_ro21}) - (\ref{Bloch_ro33_0}) and obtain the following set of
equations:
\begin{equation}
\left(  \frac{d}{dt}+\Gamma_{21}+i\omega_{21}\right)  \rho_{21}-iV_{21}r=0,
\label{Bloch_ro21_mod1
\end{equation
\begin{equation}
\left(  \frac{d}{dt}+\Gamma_{21}-i\omega_{21}\right)  \rho_{12}+iV_{12}r=0,
\label{Bloch_ro12_mod
\end{equation
\begin{align}
&  2iV_{12}\rho_{21}-2iV_{21}\rho_{12}-\left(  \frac{dr}{dt}+\gamma_{21
+\frac{\gamma_{o}}{2}\right)  r\nonumber\\
&  +\left(  \gamma_{21}-\gamma_{m}+\frac{\gamma_{o}}{2}\right)  \rho
_{m}=\gamma_{21}+\frac{\gamma_{o}}{2}, \label{Bloch_ro_r_mod
\end{align
\begin{equation}
-\frac{\gamma_{o}}{2}r+\left(  \frac{d}{dt}+\gamma_{m}+\frac{\gamma_{o}
{2}\right)  \rho_{m}=\frac{\gamma_{o}}{2}. \label{Bloch_ro_m_mod
\end{equation}

\subsection{The electromagnetic field}

We now specify the electromagnetic fields acting on the system. We consider
the case of the bichromatic pumping of the TLS at frequencies $\omega_{s1}$
and $\omega_{s2}$, and define the detuning of the pump fields from resonance
in the following wa
\begin{equation}
\Delta=\omega_{0}-\omega_{21}, \label{det_w1
\end{equation}
where $\omega_{0}=({\omega_{s1}+\omega_{s2}})/{2}$ and $\omega_{21}$ is the
resonance frequency of the $\left\vert 1\right\rangle \rightarrow\left\vert
2\right\rangle $ transition. We also apply a weak probe field which is a
combination of two sidebands arranged symmetrically with respect to
$\omega_{0}$\ with frequencies $\omega_{p1}$ and $\omega_{p2}$. The Rabi
frequency for the total electromagnetic field can be written in the for
\begin{equation}
V_{21}=\left(  V_{21}^{s1}e^{-i\delta t}+V_{21}^{s2}e^{i\delta t}+V_{21
^{p1}e^{-iwt}+V_{21}^{p2}e^{iwt}\right)  e^{-i\omega_{0}t}, \label{V21
\end{equation}
where $V_{21}^{s1}$, $V_{21}^{s2}$, $V_{21}^{p1}$, and $V_{21}^{p2}$ are the
Rabi frequencies of the corresponding fields. We also define the following
detunings
\begin{equation}
\delta=\omega_{s1}-\omega_{0}=-\left(  \omega_{s2}-\omega_{0}\right)  \text{,
}w=\omega_{p1}-\omega_{0}=-\left(  \omega_{p2}-\omega_{0}\right)  .
\label{freq_notation
\end{equation}
Next we move to the frame rotating at frequency $\omega_{0}$ and defin
\begin{equation}
\sigma_{21}=\rho_{21}e^{i\omega_{0}t},~\sigma_{12}=\rho_{12}e^{-i\omega_{0
t},~\sigma_{0}=r,~\sigma_{m}=\rho_{mm}. \label{ro_rep
\end{equation}
Substituting Eqs. (\ref{V21}) and (\ref{ro_rep}) into Eqs.
(\ref{Bloch_ro21_mod1})-(\ref{Bloch_ro_m_mod}), we obtain a set of equations
which we write in the matrix for
\begin{equation}
BS=F, \label{BlochInMatrix2
\end{equation}
wher
\begin{equation}
S=\left(
\begin{array}
[c]{c
\sigma_{21}\\
\sigma_{12}\\
\sigma_{0}\\
\sigma_{m
\end{array}
\right)  \text{, }F=\left(
\begin{array}
[c]{c
0\\
0\\
-\left(  \gamma_{21}+\frac{\gamma_{o}}{2}\right) \\
\frac{\gamma_{o}}{2
\end{array}
\right)  , \label{S_matrix_def
\end{equation}
and the matrix $B$ is written as the sum of components oscillating at the
different frequencie
\begin{equation}
B=O+D^{+\delta}e^{i\delta t}+D^{-\delta}e^{-i\delta t}+W^{+w}e^{iwt
+W^{-w}e^{-iwt}, \label{B_separation
\end{equation}
where the matrices are defined a
\begin{align}
&  O=\frac{d}{dt}I\nonumber\\
&  +\left(
\begin{array}
[c]{cccc
\Gamma_{21}-i\Delta & 0 & 0 & 0\\
0 & \Gamma_{21}+i\Delta & 0 & 0\\
0 & 0 & \gamma_{21}+\frac{\gamma_{o}}{2} & \gamma_{m}-\frac{\gamma_{o}
{2}-\gamma_{21}\\
0 & 0 & -\frac{\gamma_{o}}{2} & \gamma_{m}+\frac{\gamma_{o}}{2
\end{array}
\right)  , \label{O_matrix_def
\end{align
\begin{align}
D^{-\delta}  &  =i\left(
\begin{array}
[c]{cccc
0 & 0 & -V_{21}^{~s1} & 0\\
0 & 0 & V_{12}^{~s2} & 0\\
-2V_{12}^{~s2} & 2V_{21}^{~s1} & 0 & 0\\
0 & 0 & 0 & 0
\end{array}
\right)  ,\text{ }\label{D_matrix_def}\\
D^{+\delta}  &  =i\left(
\begin{array}
[c]{cccc
0 & 0 & -V_{21}^{~s2} & 0\\
0 & 0 & V_{12}^{~s1} & 0\\
-2V_{12}^{~s1} & 2V_{21}^{~s2} & 0 & 0\\
0 & 0 & 0 & 0
\end{array}
\right)  ,\\
W^{-w}  &  =i\left(
\begin{array}
[c]{cccc
0 & 0 & -V_{21}^{p1} & 0\\
0 & 0 & V_{12}^{p2} & 0\\
-2V_{12}^{p2} & 2V_{21}^{p1} & 0 & 0\\
0 & 0 & 0 & 0
\end{array}
\right)  ,\label{W_matrix_def}\\
W^{+w}  &  =i\left(
\begin{array}
[c]{cccc
0 & 0 & -V_{21}^{p2} & 0\\
0 & 0 & V_{12}^{p1} & 0\\
-2V_{12}^{p1} & 2V_{21}^{p2} & 0 & 0\\
0 & 0 & 0 & 0
\end{array}
\right)  ,
\end{align}
and $I$ is the identity matrix of order 4.

\subsection{Expansion of the solution}

As can be seen from Eq. (\ref{B_separation}), the Hamiltonian of the system
has a periodic time dependence with two characteristic frequencies $\delta$
and $w$. In order to find a solution, we use the Floquet theorem and make a
harmonic expansion of the vector of the density-matrix elements $S
\begin{equation}
S
{\displaystyle\sum\limits_{n=-\infty}^{+\infty}}
{\displaystyle\sum\limits_{m=-\infty}^{+\infty}}
S^{n,m}e^{i\left(  n\delta+mw\right)  t}. \label{S_decomposition
\end{equation}
After substituting Eq. (\ref{S_decomposition}) into Eq. (\ref{BlochInMatrix2
), we take the time derivative of the oscillating term and separate the
equations with different time dependence to obtain the matrix recurrence
relatio
\begin{align}
&  \left(  O+T\right)  S^{n,m}+D^{-\delta}S^{n+1,m}+D^{+\delta}S^{n-1,m
+\nonumber\\
&  W^{-w}S^{n,m+1}+W^{+w}S^{n,m-1}=F\delta_{n=0,m=0}, \label{mn_equation
\end{align}
wher
\begin{equation}
T=i\left(  n\delta+mw\right)  I.
\end{equation}

\subsection{Steady state approximation}

We now make the steady-state approximation and rewrite the matrix equation of
Eq. (\ref{mn_equation})\ as a set of four algebraic equations
\begin{align}
&  \sigma_{21}^{n,m}=iP_{21}^{n,m}\nonumber\\
&  \left(  V_{21}^{s1}\sigma_{0}^{n+1,m}+V_{21}^{s2}\sigma_{0}^{n-1,m
+V_{21}^{p1}\sigma_{0}^{n,m+1}+V_{21}^{p2}\sigma_{0}^{n,m-1}\right)  ,
\label{sigma21mn2
\end{align
\begin{align}
&  \sigma_{12}^{n,m}=-iP_{12}^{n,m}\nonumber\\
&  \left(  V_{12}^{s2}\sigma_{0}^{n+1,m}+V_{12}^{s1}\sigma_{0}^{n-1,m
+V_{12}^{p1}\sigma_{0}^{n,m-1}+V_{12}^{p2}\sigma_{0}^{n,m+1}\right)  ,
\label{sigma12mn2
\end{align
\begin{align}
&  \left[  \gamma_{21}+\frac{\gamma_{o}}{2}+i\left(  n\delta+mw\right)
\right]  \sigma_{0}^{n,m}-\left(  \gamma_{21}-\gamma_{m}+\frac{\gamma_{o}
{2}\right)  \sigma_{m}^{n,m}\nonumber\\
&  2iV_{21}^{s1}\sigma_{12}^{n+1,m}-2iV_{12}^{s1}\sigma_{21}^{n-1,m
-2iV_{12}^{s2}\sigma_{21}^{n+1,m}+\nonumber\\
&  2iV_{21}^{s2}\sigma_{12}^{n-1,m}+2iV_{21}^{p1}\sigma_{12}^{n,m+1
-2iV_{12}^{p1}\sigma_{21}^{n,m-1}+\nonumber\\
&  2iV_{21}^{p2}\sigma_{12}^{n,m-1}-2iV_{12}^{p2}\sigma_{21}^{n,m+1}=-\left(
\gamma_{21}+\frac{\gamma_{o}}{2}\right)  \delta_{n=0,m=0}, \label{sigma0mn
\end{align
\begin{equation}
\sigma_{m}^{n,m}=P_{m}^{n,m}\left(  \delta_{n=0,m=0}+\sigma_{0}^{n,m}\right)
, \label{sigma_m_mn
\end{equation}
wher
\begin{equation}
P_{21}^{n,m}=\left[  \Gamma_{21}+i\Delta+i\left(  n\delta+mw\right)  \right]
^{-1}, \label{sigma21mn2P
\end{equation
\begin{equation}
P_{12}^{n,m}=\left[  \Gamma_{21}-i\Delta+i\left(  n\delta+mw\right)  \right]
^{-1}, \label{sigma12mn2P
\end{equation
\begin{equation}
P_{m}^{n,m}=\frac{\gamma_{o}}{2}\left[  \gamma_{m}+\frac{\gamma_{o}
{2}+i\left(  n\delta+mw\right)  \right]  ^{-1}.
\end{equation}
We now solve these equations by writing an equation for the function
$\sigma_{0}^{m,n}$ alone. Substituting corresponding terms from Eqs.
(\ref{sigma21mn2}), (\ref{sigma12mn2}), and (\ref{sigma_m_mn}) into Eq.
(\ref{sigma0mn}), we obtain a two-dimensional recurrence relation for
$\sigma_{0}^{m,n}
\begin{align}
&  a_{n,m}^{1}\sigma_{0}^{n,m}+a_{n,m}^{2}\sigma_{0}^{n-2,m}+a_{n,m}^{3
\sigma_{0}^{n+2,m}+a_{n,m}^{4}\sigma_{0}^{n-1,m-1}+\nonumber\\
&  a_{n,m}^{5}\sigma_{0}^{n+1,m-1}+a_{n,m}^{6}\sigma_{0}^{n-1,m+1}+a_{n,m
^{7}\sigma_{0}^{n+1,m+1}+\nonumber\\
&  a_{n,m}^{8}\sigma_{0}^{n,m+2}+a_{n,m}^{9}\sigma_{0}^{n,m-2}=-R_{0,0
\delta_{n=0,m=0}, \label{RecRel
\end{align}
where we have introduced the following notation
\begin{align}
&  a_{n,m}^{1}=2\left\vert V_{21}^{s1}\right\vert ^{2}\left(  P_{21
^{n-1,m}+P_{12}^{n+1,m}\right)  +\nonumber\\
&  2\left\vert V_{21}^{s2}\right\vert ^{2}\left(  P_{21}^{n+1,m
+P_{12}^{n-1,m}\right)  +\nonumber\\
&  2\left\vert V_{21}^{p1}\right\vert ^{2}\left(  P_{21}^{n,m-1
+P_{12}^{n,m+1}\right)  +\nonumber\\
&  2\left\vert V_{21}^{p2}\right\vert ^{2}\left(  P_{21}^{n,m+1
+P_{12}^{n,m-1}\right)  +R_{n,m}, \label{F_A
\end{align
\begin{equation}
a_{n,m}^{2}=2V_{12}^{s1}V_{21}^{s2}\left(  P_{21}^{n-1,m}+P_{12
^{n-1,m}\right)  , \label{F_K
\end{equation
\begin{equation}
a_{n,m}^{3}=2V_{21}^{s1}V_{12}^{s2}\left(  P_{21}^{n+1,m}+P_{12
^{n+1,m}\right)  , \label{F_J
\end{equation
\begin{align}
a_{n,m}^{4}  &  =2V_{21}^{s2}V_{12}^{p1}\left(  P_{21}^{n,m-1}+P_{12
^{n-1,m}\right)  +\nonumber\\
&  2V_{12}^{s1}V_{21}^{p2}\left(  P_{21}^{n-1,m}+P_{12}^{n,m-1}\right)  ,
\label{F_I
\end{align
\begin{align}
a_{n,m}^{5}  &  =2V_{21}^{s1}V_{12}^{p1}\left(  P_{21}^{n,m-1}+P_{12
^{n+1,m}\right)  +\nonumber\\
&  2V_{12}^{s2}V_{21}^{p2}\left(  P_{21}^{n+1,m}+P_{12}^{n,m-1}\right)  ,
\label{F_F
\end{align
\begin{align}
a_{n,m}^{6}  &  =2V_{12}^{s1}V_{21}^{p}\left(  P_{21}^{n-1,m}+P_{12
^{n,m+1}\right)  +\nonumber\\
&  2V_{21}^{s2}V_{12}^{p2}\left(  P_{21}^{n,m+1}+P_{12}^{n-1,m}\right)  ,
\label{F_G
\end{align
\begin{align}
a_{n,m}^{7}  &  =2V_{12}^{s2}V_{21}^{p1}\left(  P_{21}^{n+1,m}+P_{12
^{n,m+1}\right)  +\nonumber\\
&  2V_{21}^{s1}V_{12}^{p2}\left(  P_{21}^{n,m+1}+P_{12}^{n+1,m}\right)  ,
\label{F_D
\end{align
\begin{equation}
a_{n,m}^{8}=2V_{21}^{p1}V_{12}^{p2}\left(  P_{21}^{n,m+1}+P_{12
^{n,m+1}\right)  , \label{a8
\end{equation
\begin{equation}
a_{n,m}^{9}=2V_{12}^{p1}V_{21}^{p2}\left(  P_{21}^{n,m-1}+P_{12
^{n,m-1}\right)  , \label{a9
\end{equation
\begin{equation}
R_{n,m}=\gamma_{21}+\frac{\gamma_{o}}{2}+i\left(  n\delta+mw\right)
-P_{m}^{n,m}\left(  \gamma_{21}-\gamma_{m}+\frac{\gamma_{o}}{2}\right)  .
\label{F_R
\end{equation}
The recurrence relation of Eq. (\ref{RecRel}) is solved numerically and allows
us to treat probe fields of arbitrary strength.

\subsection{Polarization}

The medium polarization is determined by the non-diagonal matrix elemen
\begin{align}
P\left(  t\right)   &  =\mu N\left(  \rho_{21}+c.c.\right) \nonumber\\
&  =\mu N\left(
{\displaystyle\sum\limits_{n=-\infty}^{+\infty}}
{\displaystyle\sum\limits_{m=-\infty}^{+\infty}}
\sigma_{21}^{n,m}e^{-i\omega_{0}t}e^{i\left(  n\delta+mw\right)
t}+c.c.\right)  . \label{Polarization
\end{align}
Thus the component of the polarization that oscillates at a particular
frequency gives the medium's response to the electromagnetic field at this
frequency. As can be seen from Eq. (\ref{Polarization}), the polarization at
the probe frequency $\omega_{p1}$ is proportional to $\sigma_{21}^{0,-1}$
which can be found from Eq. (\ref{sigma21mn2}
\begin{align}
\sigma_{21}^{0,-1}  &  =iP_{21}^{0,-1}\nonumber\\
&  \left(  V_{21}^{s1}\sigma_{0}^{1,-1}+V_{21}^{s2}\sigma_{0}^{-1,-1
+V_{21}^{p1}\sigma_{0}^{0,0}+V_{21}^{p2}\sigma_{0}^{0,-2}\right)  .
\label{ProbePolarization
\end{align}
In the next section we analyze the normalized probe absorption, which is
defined as $\alpha/\alpha_{0}=-\operatorname{Im}\sigma_{21}^{0,-1}\Gamma
_{21}/V_{21}^{p1}$, for several cases.

\section{\label{sec:level3}The CPO resonance in monochromatic pumping}

The role of the excited-state decay's branching ratio to the ground and
metastable states is not discussed in the literature. However, it is of
crucial importance in obtaining CPO at the subharmonic frequencies. Thus, in
order to better understand the behavior of the system in a bichromatic driving
field, we first consider the case of a monochromatic driving where it is easy
to get an analytical result and analyze the role of the branching ratio. Let
us consider the interaction of the TLS\ with a strong pump and a weak probe.
In this case, we take $V_{21}^{s2}=V_{21}^{p2}=0$ in Eq.
(\ref{ProbePolarization}) so tha
\begin{equation}
\sigma_{21}^{0,-1}=iP_{21}^{0,-1}\left(  V_{21}^{s1}\sigma_{0}^{1,-1
+V_{21}^{p1}\sigma_{0}^{0,0}\right)  .
\end{equation}
Assuming that the probe field is weak we can keep only the first-order terms
in the probe Rabi frequencies. We then obtain for the functions $\sigma
_{0}^{1,-1}$ and $\sigma_{0}^{0,0}$ of Eq. (\ref{RecRel})
\begin{equation}
\sigma_{0}^{1,-1}=-\frac{a_{1,-1}^{6}}{a_{1,-1}^{1}}\sigma_{0}^{0,0},
\label{sigma0m_probe
\end{equation
\begin{equation}
\sigma_{0}^{0,0}=-R_{0,0}/a_{0,0}^{1}=-\left(  1-\frac{\kappa}{1+\kappa
}\right)  , \label{SigmaZeroSingleDrSol
\end{equation}
where
\begin{equation}
\kappa=\kappa_{TLS}\left(  \gamma_{0}/2\gamma_{m}+1\right)
\label{saturationParameter
\end{equation}
is the saturation parameter of the system an
\begin{equation}
\kappa_{TLS}=4\frac{\left\vert V_{12}^{1s}\right\vert ^{2}}{\gamma_{2
\Gamma_{21}}\frac{1}{1+\Delta_{s}^{2}/\Gamma_{21}^{2}}
\label{saturationParameterTLS
\end{equation}
is the saturation parameter of the ordinary two-level system (if there is no
additional channel for the decay via intermediate state). The functions
$a_{1,-1}^{1}$ and $a_{1,-1}^{6}$ are found from Eqs. (\ref{F_A}) and
(\ref{F_G}) to b
\begin{align}
a_{1,-1}^{1}  &  =\frac{\left[  \gamma_{2}-i\Delta_{p}\right]  \left[
\gamma_{m}-i\Delta_{p}\right]  }{\gamma_{m}+\gamma_{o}/2-i\Delta_{p
}+\nonumber\\
&  4\left\vert V_{21}^{s1}\right\vert ^{2}\frac{\Gamma_{21}-i\Delta_{p
}{\left[  \Gamma_{21}+i\left(  \Delta_{s}+\Delta_{p}\right)  \right]  \left[
\Gamma_{21}-i\left(  \Delta_{s}-\Delta_{p}\right)  \right]  }, \label{A0m
\end{align
\begin{equation}
a_{1,-1}^{6}=4V_{12}^{0}V_{21}^{p1}\frac{\Gamma_{21}+i\left(  \Delta
_{s}-\Delta_{p}\right)  /2}{\left(  \Gamma_{21}+i\Delta_{s}\right)  \left(
\Gamma_{21}-i\Delta_{p}\right)  }, \label{B0m
\end{equation}
where for convenience we have introduced the pump detuning from resonance
$\Delta_{s}\equiv\Delta-\delta=\omega_{s1}-\omega_{21}$ and pump-probe
detuning $\Delta_{p}\equiv w-\delta=\omega_{p1}-\omega_{s1}$.

We are interested in the shape of the narrow dip centered at the pump
frequency and associated with the CPO effect. This structure has a
characteristic bandwidth of the order of $\gamma_{m}$ which is much less than
the natural bandwidth of the transition from the excited to the ground state
as the level $\left\vert m\right\rangle $ is assumed to be metastable. Thus,
in Eqs. (\ref{A0m}) and (\ref{B0m}), we use the approximatio
\begin{equation}
\gamma_{m},\Delta_{p}\ll\Gamma_{21},\gamma_{2
\end{equation}
and obtai
\begin{equation}
\frac{a_{1,-1}^{6}}{a_{1,-1}^{1}}\approx4\frac{V_{12}^{s1}V_{21}^{p1}
{\gamma_{2}\Gamma_{21}\left(  1+\Delta_{s}^{2}/\Gamma_{21}^{2}\right)
\frac{S}{1+\kappa_{TLS}}\frac{\gamma_{m}+\gamma_{0}/2-i\Delta_{p}}{\left(
W-i\Delta_{p}\right)  }, \label{ABappr
\end{equation}
where $W$ is the bandwidth of the CPO di
\begin{equation}
W=\gamma_{m}\frac{1+\kappa}{1+\kappa_{TLS}}. \label{CPO_bandwidth
\end{equation}
and the parameter $S\equiv\left(  1+\Delta_{s}^{2}/2\Gamma_{21}^{2
-i\Delta_{s}/2\Gamma_{21}\right)  $. Combining Eqs. (\ref{sigma0m_probe}),
(\ref{SigmaZeroSingleDrSol}), and (\ref{ABappr}), we obtain the medium
response at the probe frequency in the region of the CPO resonanc
\begin{equation}
\sigma_{21}^{0,-1}=\frac{-iV_{21}^{p1}}{1+\kappa}\frac{1}{\Gamma_{21}+i\left(
\Delta_{s}-\Delta_{p}\right)  }\left(  1-XS\right)  ,
\label{sigma0m_probeSolution
\end{equation}
where the first term in the brackets determines the saturation of the system
due to the pump and the second term $X$ includes the coherent interaction
between pump and probe field
\begin{equation}
X=1-\frac{1}{1+\kappa_{TLS}}\frac{\gamma_{m}-i\Delta_{p}\kappa_{TLS
}{W-i\Delta_{p}}. \label{CoherentInteractionTerm
\end{equation}
Further, for simplicity we consider the case of small pump detunings and
assume that $S\approx1$.

\textbf{Bandwidth} The bandwidth of the resonance is determined by the
function $W$ [see Eq. (\ref{CPO_bandwidth})]. In the case of the ``classical"
CPO, for which $\gamma_{2}\approx\gamma_{o}\gg\gamma_{m}$, we have $\kappa
\gg\kappa_{TLS}$, so that in the denominator of Eq. (\ref{CPO_bandwidth}) we
can omit $\kappa_{TLS}$ and obtain the same result as in
\cite{SharypovPhaseDep

\begin{equation}
W=\gamma_{m}\left(  1+\kappa\right)  . \label{BandWidthHighCPO
\end{equation}
Thus the minimal bandwidth of the CPO resonance is determined by $\gamma_{m}$
and this resonance experiences power broadening. In the opposite case for
which $\gamma_{2}\gg\gamma_{o}\approx\gamma_{m}$, $\kappa$ and $\kappa_{TLS}$
are of the same order. In this case, the bandwidth experiences fast saturatio
\begin{equation}
W=\gamma_{m}+\frac{\gamma_{o}}{2}\frac{\kappa_{TLS}}{1+\kappa_{TLS}}
\label{BandWidthLowCPO
\end{equation}
and will not exceed $\gamma_{m}+\frac{\gamma_{o}}{2}$.

\textbf{Depth} The depth is determined from Eq. (\ref{sigma0m_probeSolution})
by putting $\Delta_{p}=0$. We obtain $\alpha\left(  \Delta_{p}=0\right)
/\alpha_{0}=1/{\left(  1+\kappa\right)  ^{2}}$.

\textbf{Amplitude} From Eq. (\ref{sigma0m_probeSolution}), we can determine
the amplitude of the CPO dip. The dip itself comes from the multiplier
$({\gamma_{m}-i\Delta_{p}}\kappa_{TLS})/({W-i\Delta_{p}})$ in Eq.
(\ref{CoherentInteractionTerm}). Its amplitude $\alpha_{a}$ is given by the
difference between Eq. (\ref{sigma0m_probeSolution}) with and without this
term at point $\Delta_{p}=0
\begin{equation}
\alpha_{a}=\frac{\kappa}{\left(  1+\kappa\right)  ^{2}}\frac{\gamma
_{o}/2\gamma_{m}}{\gamma_{o}/2\gamma_{m}+1+\kappa}. \label{DipAmplitude
\end{equation}
It follows from Eq. (\ref{DipAmplitude}) that, in the high saturation regime,
the amplitude of the dip decreases as $1/|V_{21}^{s1}|^{4}$. The function
$\alpha_{a}$ has an extremum at the poin
\begin{equation}
\kappa_{e}=\frac{\gamma_{0}/2\gamma_{m}+1}{4}\left(  \sqrt{1+8\left(
\gamma_{0}/2\gamma_{m}+1\right)  ^{-1}}-1\right)  . \label{CPOamplitudeMAX
\end{equation}
For the case in which $\gamma_{o}\gg\gamma_{m}$ it is easy to show that the
maximum amplitude of the dip $\alpha_{a}=0.25$ is obtained at the point
$\kappa_{e}=1$ \cite{SharypovPhaseDep}, but in the general situation there is
no simple expression so that a graphical representation is required (see Fig.
\ref{SparamNUM})
\begin{figure}
[ptb]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[
height=1.497in,
width=2.0678in

{Spar.eps
\caption{The extremum point $\kappa_{e}$ (black line) and dip amplitude at
this poin $\alpha_{a}\left(  \kappa_{e}\right)  $ (red line) as a function of
$\gamma_{o}/2\gamma_{m}$.
\label{SparamNUM
\end{center}
\end{figure}
It can be seen from Fig. \ref{SparamNUM} that with decreasing $\gamma
_{o}/\gamma_{m}$ the maximal achievable dip amplitude decreases.

\section{\label{sec:level4}Numerical results}

In this section we numerically analyze the absorption spectrum of a weak probe
field at the frequency $\omega_{p1}$ that scans the TLS (Fig.\ref{IntScheme}).
The TLS is driven by two pump fields that are symmetrically detuned from
resonance ($\Delta=0$). Also we consider the case when there can be an
additional weak field whose detuning is symmetrically displaced from resonance
with respect to the first probe [see Eq. (\ref{freq_notation})]. In this case,
we demonstrate strong parametric interaction between the weak fields in the
presence of the pumps. As we mentioned in the previous sections, the branching
ratio of $\gamma_{21}$, the decay rate from the excited to the ground state,
to $\gamma_{o}$, the decay rate from the excited to the metastable state,
plays an important role in the properties of the CPO. We therefore analyze two
cases numerically: $\gamma_{2}\approx\gamma_{o}\gg\gamma_{m}$ and $\gamma
_{2}\gg\gamma_{o}\approx\gamma_{m}$.

\subsection{Case 1 $\gamma_{2}\approx\gamma_{o}\gg\gamma_{m}$}

This range of values for the relaxation constants has been considered in our
previous work on CPO \cite{SharypovPhaseDep,IdoCPO,AsiCPO,HellerSharypov}.
However, here two strong pump fields are applied to the same transition. So,
instead one CPO resonance in the probe spectrum, we obtain two CPO dips
centered at the pump frequencies $w=\pm\delta$\ (Fig. \ref{HCPO}). According
to Eq. (\ref{BandWidthHighCPO}), increasing the pump Rabi frequencies leads to
considerable power broadening of the CPO resonances [Fig. \ref{HCPO}(b)]. The
bandwidth of the CPO resonances estimated from the numerical simulation is
well described by Eq. (\ref{BandWidthHighCPO}) which was derived for the case
in which there is only one strong field \cite{N1}. The behavior of each of
these two resonances appears to be independent - while the probe field is in
the region of the CPO resonance created by the first pump, it does not
experience any coherent effects that come from the second pump field. The
situation became quite different when we add a second symmetrically displaced
weak field [Fig. \ref{HCPO} (red dashed lines)]
\begin{figure}
[ptb]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[
height=1.214in,
width=3.4786in

{HCPO.eps
\caption{The spectrum of the probe absorption as the function of the detuning
$w$. $\Delta=0$, $\delta/\Gamma_{21}=0.05$, $\gamma_{o}/\gamma_{2}=0.9$,
$\gamma_{21}/\gamma_{2}=0.1$, $\gamma_{m}/\Gamma_{21}=10^{-3}$, $\gamma
_{2}/\Gamma_{21}=2,~V^{p1}\ll\Gamma_{21}$. a) $V^{s1}/\Gamma_{21
=V^{s2}/\Gamma_{21}=0.01$ ($\kappa=0.36$). b) $V^{s1}/\Gamma_{21
=V^{s2}/\Gamma_{21}=0.1$ ($\kappa=34$). $V^{p2}=0$ black line. $V^{p2
/V^{p1}=2$ red line.
\label{HCPO
\end{center}
\end{figure}
In the presence of the second weak field, FWM occurs. Due to the effect of the
FWM, the absorption of two photons from the pump fields at the frequencies
$\omega_{s1}$ and $\omega_{s2}$ leads to the generation of two photons at the
probe frequencies $\omega_{p1}$ and $\omega_{p2}$. As a result, the dips in
Fig. \ref{HCPO}(a) get deeper and there is even amplification of the probe in
Fig. \ref{HCPO}(b).

The effect of FWM between two weak probes and two pump fields exists (see red
dashed lines in Fig. \ref{HCPO}) even when the pump Rabi frequencies are well
below the transverse relaxation rate $\Gamma_{21}$. The amplitudes of the two
probes in Fig. \ref{HCPO} are chosen to be unequal in order to obtain a more
pronounced effect than in the spectrum of a single probe
\cite{SharypovPhaseDep}.

In the present case there are no CPO resonances at the subharmonic frequencies
$w=\pm\left(  2n+ 1\right)  \delta$. This is due to the large difference in
the saturation parameters for the TLS in the presence and absence of the
intermediate state, as shown in Eq. (\ref{saturationParameter}). Thus, when
the Rabi frequencies are close to the transverse relaxation rate of the TLS
where the higher-order nonlinear wave mixing appears \cite{Ficek1993}, the CPO
resonances get very broad [see Eq. (\ref{BandWidthHighCPO})] and completely disappear.

\subsection{Case 2 $\gamma_{2}\gg\gamma_{o}\approx\gamma_{m}$}

In this range of relaxation parameters, almost all the population decays
directly from the excited to the ground state and only a tiny amount decays
via the metastable state. In this case, the two CPO resonances centered at the
pump frequencies are still observed but their amplitudes get much smaller
(compare Figs. \ref{HCPO} and \ref{LCPO}). The special feature in this case is
that $\kappa$ and $\kappa_{TLS}$\ are of the same order [see Eq.
(\ref{saturationParameter})] so that the CPO resonances do not experience much
power broadening [see Eq. (\ref{BandWidthLowCPO})]. These facts allow one to
combine the effect of the higher-order wave mixing which appears at pump Rabi
frequencies comparable with the transverse relaxation rate $\Gamma_{21}$
\cite{Ficek1993}\ and the existence of narrowband CPO resonances. In Figs.
\ref{LCPO}(c) and (d), the existence of the CPO resonances at the subharmonic
frequencies $w=\pm\left(  2n+1\right)  \delta$\ where $n=0,1,2,3...$ is
clearly seen. For example the resonance that is located at the $w/\Gamma
_{21}=0.15$ ($n=1$) on the Fig. \ref{LCPO}(c) corresponds to the process of
the three-wave mixing between pump fields $\omega_{sub\_0.15}=2\omega
_{s1}-\omega_{s2}$
\begin{figure}
[ptb]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[
height=2.4132in,
width=3.4067in

{LCPO.eps
\caption{The spectrum of the probe absorption as the function of the detuning
$w$. $\Delta=0$, $\delta/\Gamma_{21}=0.05$, $\gamma_{o}/\gamma_{2}=10^{-3}$,
$\gamma_{21}/\gamma_{2}=0.999$, $\gamma_{m}/\Gamma_{21}=10^{-3}$, $\gamma
_{2}/\Gamma_{21}=2,~V^{p1}\ll\Gamma_{21}$. When the pump Rabi frequensies are
much smaller than a transverse relaxation rate $V^{s1}/\Gamma_{21
=V^{s2}/\Gamma_{21}=0.1$ ($\kappa=0.08$) there are only two CPO resonances
a,b) and the resonanses at the subharmonics appears when the pump Rabi
frequensies are increased $V^{s1}/\Gamma_{21}=V^{s2}/\Gamma_{21}=1$
($\kappa=4$) c,d). The presence of the second probe $V^{p2}/V^{p1
=2$\ demonstrate the parametric interaction between the weak fields b,d)
($V^{p2}=0$ for a,c)).
\label{LCPO
\end{center}
\end{figure}
In this case, as in the previous one, there is strong parametric interaction
between the weak symmetrically displaced fields [Fig. \ref{LCPO}(b) and (d)].
In addition, the pump Rabi frequencies are of the same order as the transverse
relaxation rate. This leads to parametric interaction between the weak fields
not only in the CPO region, as in the previous case, but in a broad spectral
range, as shown in Fig. \ref{LCPO}(d) \cite{Boyd1981}.

\section{\label{sec:level5}Conclusion}

In summary, we have demonstrated the appearance of narrowband CPO responses at
frequencies shifted from the pump frequency. The new CPO resonances appears at
the frequencies $\omega_{sub}=\omega_{0}\pm\left(  2n+1\right)  \delta$ due to
multi-photon mixing between components of the bichromatic pump. We expect that
these spectral features will allow spectral filtration of the signal field
from the strong pump in experiments with slow light, and biphoton generation
based on the effect of CPO. Also, in the region of the CPO dip there is
effective parametric interaction between probe fields for both the cases
considered in Sec. IV. The subharmonic resonances that appear when the
condition $\gamma_{2}\gg\gamma_{o}\approx\gamma_{m}$ is satisfied can be
investigated in atomic TLS systems where the decay via dipole-forbidden
transitions are taken into account, and in certain NV centers in diamond
\cite{NVdiamond}. In addition, the predicted subharmonic CPO resonances may
have contributions to the resonances observed in the recent experiment
\cite{Akulshin2011} where the was driven by a bichromatic pump.

\acknowledgements A. V. S. was supported by RFBR 12-02-31621

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


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Before having your first lesson, you will receive a free assessment in order to test your level and elaborate a program that will help you to achieve your objectives.
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Our coir doormats are thick and, made from natural coco fibres, have excellent scraping properties. Tough, durable and well-made, these doormats will add the perfect decor touch to your entrance while also being superbly practical. The colour dye penetrates deep into the coir fibres for a longlasting finish and years of enjoyment.
Measures 75cm long by 45cm wide and 4cm deep.
*To ensure best performance and longlasting beauty of your door mat, please make sure that it does not get excessively wet and be aware that cats and birds scratching the door mat will damage it and lead to excessive shedding.


text:
package cmd

import (
	"fmt"
	"time"

	"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws/client"
	"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/service/cloudformation"
	"github.com/lox/parfait/stacks"
	"github.com/lox/parfait/stacks/poller"
	"gopkg.in/alecthomas/kingpin.v2"
)

func ConfigureDeleteStack(app *kingpin.Application, sess client.ConfigProvider) {
	var stackName string

	cmd := app.Command("delete-stack", "Update a cloudformation stack")
	cmd.Alias("delete")
	cmd.Alias("del")
	cmd.Alias("remove")
	cmd.Alias("rm")

	cmd.Arg("name", "The name of the cloudformation stack").
		Required().
		StringVar(&stackName)

	cmd.Action(func(c *kingpin.ParseContext) error {
		cfn := cloudformation.New(sess)

		t := time.Now()
		if err := stacks.Delete(cfn, stackName); err != nil {
			return err
		}

		return poller.UntilDeleted(cfn, stackName, func(event *cloudformation.StackEvent) {
			if event.Timestamp.After(t) {
				fmt.Printf("%s\n", stacks.FormatStackEvent(event))
			}
		})
	})
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Yo-get-it will be swirling Green and Gold froyo from the 23-26th of January!
To celebrate this and Australia Day from the 23rd – 26th of January, 2016 we will be serving our original tart frozen yogurt in the colours Green + Gold!
Make sure to hashtag your Australia Day Yo-get-it experience with #yogetit so we can see your creations!
Using the #yogetit automatically puts you in the running to win FREE yo-get-it each week!
Jump into your local Yo-get-it store*!
Swirl a green + gold, summer treat for yourself!
And say Aussie, Aussie, Aussie!
At participating stores only: Broadbeach, Cranbourne Park, Chapel St, Knox, Karratha, Southland, Fountain Gate, Glen Waverley, Highpoint, Hervey Bay, Marion, Northland.


Install Free Avast antivirus for Linux and run a scan of your system.
I picked Avast anti-virus for Linux because avast is a great Anti-virus which worked great in Windows, and I assume it will be a good Anti-virus for Ubuntu.
2. Go to http://www.avast.com/eng/avast-for-linux-workstation.html and download the .deb install file package.
3. Save the file to your computer, and open it with Gdebi Package installer by right clicking the file and pick Open with "Gdebi Package installer".
4. Click on "Install Package" Button and type in your password.
5. Wait for avast to finish installing.
7. Avast is located at Applications>Accessories>Avast Antivirus.
10. click "Start scan" button.


text:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1"?><!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">

<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" />
<title>Combining FusionCharts XT, ColdFusion and JavaScript (Data String) method </title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../../assets/ui/css/style.css" type="text/css" />

<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../../assets/prettify/prettify.css" />

    Combining FusionCharts XT, ColdFusion and JavaScript (Data String) method

In our previous example, we had combined FusionCharts XT, CFM and JavaScript to create client side dynamic charts. We were updating the chart by asking it to fetch new data from server and update itself, without  any page refreshes.

In this example, instead of asking the chart to get XML data from server, we will provide updated XML data to chart using JavaScript functions. The chart will simply accept that XML data and render.

This method can effectively be used in your AJAX applications, where your JavaScript code gets the updated XML from server and then provides it to charts locally. You can process the data received from AJAX Calls, build XML from it and finally provide it to the chart.

Before you proceed with the contents in this page, we strictly recommend you to please go through the  How FusionCharts XT works? and Basic Examples sections, as we will directly use a lot of concepts defined in those sections.

The code discussed in this example is present in Download Package > Code > CFM > DB_JS folder.

    Defining the application

We will carry on from our previous "CFM, JavaScript and Data URL" example and convert it to use JavaScript + XML, so that the new XML is provided to the chart using JavaScript functions - the charts no more directly request data from server. To attain this, we send all the pertinent data from our server to the end viewer as JavaScript arrays in the same page. The JavaScript arrays are dynamically generated by the CFM pages at run-time and filled with data.

Effectively, we will do the following:

Contain the pie chart (summary) and column chart (detailed) in one page (Default.cfm).

Configure the pie chart to use the Data XML method to show summary of all factories when  the page loads. This data will be built in  Default.cfm itself.

Build a  JavaScript array named as data in this page. This array will contain detailed data for the factories. The array will be dynamically built using CFM and then outputted as JavaScript code.

Build  a local JavaScript function updateChart(), which will process the data in this array and convert it to XML data document, for direct usage by the column chart.

Customize the  "No data to display" message of the chart to show a friendly message. This message is required because the column chart will initialize with no data, as, initially, the user does not select a factory.

Define the JavaScript links for each pie slice. These JavaScript links refer to the updateChart() JavaScript function present on the same page. We will later see how to manually code this function. When a pie slice is clicked, the factory ID is passed to this function.

Generate   the XML
	    data from the data stored in JavaScript data array and convey it to the column chart, using the  updateChart() function. This function is responsible for updating the column chart. The column chart  now accepts this XML data, parses it and finally gets rendered.

    Creating the page - Default.cfm

Both the charts and JavaScript functions to manipulate the charts is contained in Default.cfm. It has the following code:

<HTML>
   <HEAD>
   <TITLE>
   FusionCharts XT - Database + JavaScript Example
   </TITLE>
   <cfinclude template="../Includes/FusionCharts.cfm">

   <!---
   In this example, we show a combination of database + JavaScript rendering using FusionCharts.

   The entire app (page) can be summarized as under. This app shows the break-down
   of factory wise output generated. In a pie chart, we first show the sum of quantity
   generated by each factory. These pie slices, when clicked will show detailed date-wise
   output of that factory.

   The XML data for the pie chart is fully created in CFM at run-time. CFM interacts
   with the database and creates the XML for this.
   Now, for the column chart (date-wise output report), we do not submit request to the server.
   Instead we store the data for the factories in JavaScript arrays. These JavaScript
   arrays are rendered by our CFM Code (at run-time). We also have a few defined JavaScript
   functions which react to the click event of pie slice.

    Before the page is rendered, we need to connect to the database and get the
   data, as we will need to convert this data into JavaScript variables.

   The following string will contain the JS Data and variables.
   This string will be built in CFM and rendered at run-time as JavaScript.
   --->
          <cfquery name="qry" datasource="dev">
        select * from Factory_Master
   </cfquery>

   <cfset jsVarString = "">
         <cfset indexCount = 0>
   <cfloop query="qry">
      <cfset indexCount = indexCount + 1>
      <cfset factoryID = qry.FactoryId>
      <cfset factoryName = qry.FactoryName>

        <!---
        Create JavaScript code to add sub-array to data array
        data is an array defined in JavaScript (see below)
        We have added new lines to data so that if you View Source of the
        output HTML, it will appear properly. It helps during debugging
        --->
      <cfset jsVarString = jsVarString & "data[" & indexCount & "] = new Array();" & Chr(13) & Chr(10)>

      <cfquery name="qryDetails" datasource="dev">
           select * from Factory_Output where FactoryId=#factoryID# order by DatePro Asc
      </cfquery>
             <cfloop query="qryDetails">
                 <!---
           Put this data into JavaScript as another nested array.
           Finally the array will look like data[factoryIndex][i][dataLabel,dataValue]
           --->
         <cfset jsVarString = jsVarString & "data[" & indexCount & "].push(new Array('" & datePart("d",qryDetails.DatePro) & "/" & datePart("m",qryDetails.DatePro) & "'," & qryDetails.Quantity & "));" & Chr(13) & Chr(10)>
      </cfloop>
   </cfloop>

   <SCRIPT LANGUAGE="Javascript" SRC="../../FusionCharts/FusionCharts.js">
   </SCRIPT>

   <SCRIPT LANGUAGE="JavaScript">
     //Here, we use a mix of server side script (CFM) and JavaScript to
     //render our data for factory chart in JavaScript variables. We will later
     //utilize this data to dynamically plot charts.

     //All our data is stored in the data array. From CFM, we iterate through
     //each recordset of data and then store it as nested arrays in this data array.
     var data = new Array();

     <!--- Write the data as JavaScript variables here --->
   <cfoutput>#jsVarString#</cfoutput>
   <!---
     The data is now present as arrays in JavaScript. Local JavaScript functions
     can access it and make use of it. We will see how to make use of it.
     --->

     /**
     * the updateChart method is invoked when the user clicks a pie slice.
     * In this method, we get the index of the factory, build the XML data
     * for that that factory, using data stored in data array, and finally
     * update the Column Chart.
     * @param factoryIndex Sequential Index of the factory.
     */
     function updateChart(factoryIndex){
        //Storage for XML data document
        var strXML = "<chart palette='2' caption='Factory " + factoryIndex + " Output ' subcaption='(In Units)' xAxisName='Date' showValues='1' labelStep='2' >";

        //Add <set> elements
        var i=0;
           for (i=0; i<data[factoryIndex].length; i++){
           strXML = strXML + "<set label='" + data[factoryIndex][i][0] + "' value='" + data[factoryIndex][i][1] + "' />";
     }

     //Closing Chart Element
     strXML = strXML + "</chart>";

     //Get reference to chart object using Dom ID "FactoryDetailed"
     var chartObj = getChartFromId("FactoryDetailed");
     //Update its XML
     chartObj.setXMLData(strXML);
     }
   </SCRIPT>
</HEAD>

<BODY>
         <!---
     Initialize the Pie chart with sum of production for each of the factories
     strXML will be used to store the entire XML document generated
     --->
   <cfset indexCount=0>

     <!--- Generate the chart element --->
   <cfset strXML = "<chart caption='Factory Output report' subCaption='By Quantity' pieSliceDepth='30' showBorder='1' formatNumberScale='0' numberSuffix=' Units' >">

     <!--- Iterate through each factory --->
   <cfquery name="qry" datasource="dev">
        select * from Factory_Master
   </cfquery>

   <cfloop query="qry">
      <cfset indexCount = indexCount + 1>
      <cfset factoryID = qry.FactoryId>
      <cfset factoryName = qry.FactoryName>
      <!--- Now get details for this factory --->
      <cfquery name="qryDetails" datasource="dev">
           select sum(Quantity) as TotOutput from Factory_Output where FactoryId=#factoryID#
      </cfquery>
      <!--- Generate <set label='..' value='..'/> --->
      <cfset strXML = strXML & "<set label='#factoryName#' value='#qryDetails.totOutput#' link='javaScript:updateChart(" & indexCount & ")'/>">
   </cfloop>
          <!--- Finally, close the <chart> element --->
   <cfset strXML = strXML & "</chart>">

     <!--- Create the chart - Pie 3D Chart with data from strXML --->
   <cfoutput>#renderChart("../../FusionCharts/Pie3D.swf", "", strXML, "FactorySum", 500, 250, false, false)#</cfoutput>

<!---
Column 2D Chart with changed "No data to display" message
We initialize the chart with <chart></chart>
--->
   <cfoutput>#renderChart("../../FusionCharts/Column2D.swf?ChartNoDataText=Please select a factory from pie chart above to view detailed data.", "", "<chart></chart>", "FactoryDetailed", 600, 250, false, false)#</cfoutput>
</BODY>
</HTML>

In this page, before rendering any HTML code, we first generate all the data in database as JavaScript array. To do so, we use string concatenation in CFM variables to store all data as JavaScript array code. Once the JavaScript code is built in our CFM variable, we write it out in the <SCRIPT> section of HTML <HEAD>.

<SCRIPT LANGUAGE="JavaScript">
	var data = new Array();
	<cfoutput>#jsVarString#</cfoutput>
</SCRIPT>

If you run this page and view the source JavaScript code, you'll see the following:

var data = new Array();

data[1] = new Array();
data[1].push(new Array('1/1',21));
data[1].push(new Array('2/1',23));
data[1].push(new Array('3/1',22));
data[1].push(new Array('4/1',24));
data[1].push(new Array('5/1',32));
data[1].push(new Array('6/1',21));
data[1].push(new Array('7/1',34));
data[1].push(new Array('8/1',32));
data[1].push(new Array('9/1',32));
data[1].push(new Array('10/1',23));
data[1].push(new Array('11/1',23));
data[1].push(new Array('12/1',32));
data[1].push(new Array('13/1',53));
data[1].push(new Array('14/1',23));
data[1].push(new Array('15/1',26));
data[1].push(new Array('16/1',43));
data[1].push(new Array('17/1',16));
data[1].push(new Array('18/1',45));
data[1].push(new Array('19/1',65));
data[1].push(new Array('20/1',54));
data[2] = new Array();
data[2].push(new Array('1/1',121));
data[2].push(new Array('2/1',123));
data[2].push(new Array('3/1',122));
data[2].push(new Array('4/1',124));
data[2].push(new Array('5/1',132));
data[2].push(new Array('6/1',121));
data[2].push(new Array('7/1',134));
data[2].push(new Array('8/1',132));
data[2].push(new Array('9/1',132));
data[2].push(new Array('10/1',123));
data[2].push(new Array('11/1',123));
data[2].push(new Array('12/1',132));
data[2].push(new Array('13/1',153));
data[2].push(new Array('14/1',123));
data[2].push(new Array('15/1',126));
data[2].push(new Array('16/1',143));
data[2].push(new Array('17/1',116));
data[2].push(new Array('18/1',145));
data[2].push(new Array('19/1',165));
data[2].push(new Array('20/1',154));
data[3] = new Array();
data[3].push(new Array('1/1',54));
data[3].push(new Array('2/1',56));
data[3].push(new Array('3/1',89));
data[3].push(new Array('4/1',56));
data[3].push(new Array('5/1',98));
data[3].push(new Array('6/1',76));
data[3].push(new Array('7/1',65));
data[3].push(new Array('8/1',45));
data[3].push(new Array('9/1',75));
data[3].push(new Array('10/1',54));
data[3].push(new Array('11/1',75));
data[3].push(new Array('12/1',76));
data[3].push(new Array('13/1',34));
data[3].push(new Array('14/1',97));
data[3].push(new Array('15/1',55));
data[3].push(new Array('16/1',43));
data[3].push(new Array('17/1',16));
data[3].push(new Array('18/1',35));
data[3].push(new Array('19/1',78));
data[3].push(new Array('20/1',75));

You can clearly see that our CFM code has outputted JavaScript code that can now locally create an array and feed it with requisite data.

Now, before we get to the JavaScript functions, let's first see what we are doing in our CFM Code.

We first create the XML data document for Pie chart - summary of factory output. For each <set>, we provide a JavaScript link to the updateChart() function and pass the factory ID to it as shown in the line below:

<cfset strXML = strXML & "<set label='#factoryName#' value='#qryDetails.totOutput#' link='javaScript:updateChart(" & indexCount & ")'/>">

      We now render the Pie 3D chart using Data String method. The Pie 3D chart has its DOM Id as FactorySum:

<cfoutput>#renderChart("../../FusionCharts/Pie3D.swf", "", strXML, "FactorySum", 500, 250, false, false)#</cfoutput>

Now, we render an empty Column 2D chart  with <chart></chart> data initially. We also change the "No data to display." error to a friendly and intuitive "Please select a factory from pie chart above to view detailed data." This chart has its DOM Id as FactoryDetailed.

<cfoutput>#renderChart("../../FusionCharts/Column2D.swf?ChartNoDataText=Please select a factory from pie chart above to view detailed data.", "", "<chart></chart>", "FactoryDetailed", 600, 250, false, false)#</cfoutput>

Effectively, our page is now  set to show two charts. The pie chart shows the summary data provided to it using Data String method. The column chart shows the above "friendly" error message. Now, when each pie slice is clicked, the updateChart() JavaScript function is called and the factoryID of the pie is passed to it. This function is responsible for updating the column chart and contains the following code:

function updateChart(factoryIndex){
     //Storage for XML data document
     var strXML = "<chart palette='2' caption='Factory " + factoryIndex  + " Output ' subcaption='(In Units)' xAxisName='Date' showValues='1' labelStep='2' >";

//Add <set> elements
var i=0;
for (i=0; i<data[factoryIndex].length; i++){
strXML = strXML + "<set label='" + data[factoryIndex][i][0] + "' value='" + data[factoryIndex][i][1] + "' />";
}

//Closing Chart Element
strXML = strXML + "</chart>";

//Get reference to chart object using Dom ID "FactoryDetailed"
var chartObj = getChartFromId("FactoryDetailed");

//Update its XML

chartObj.setXMLData(strXML);

}

Here,

We first create the XML data document for the column chart by iterating through data contained in our JavaScript data array.

Thereafter, we convey this XML data to the column chart. To do so, we first get a reference to the column chart using its DOM Id FactoryDetailed. We use the getChartFromId() function defined in FusionCharts.js to do so.

Once we have the reference to the chart, we simply call the setXMLData method of the chart and pass the XML data document.

This updates the chart with new data.

If you have your chart objects inside the <FORM> elements, you cannot use the getChartFromId() method to get a reference to the chart, as the DOM Hierarchy of the chart object has changed. You will get a JavaScript "<<ChartId>> is undefined" error. In these cases, you'll manually need to get a reference to the chart object. Or, you can opt to place the chart object outside <FORM> element.

When you now see the application, the initial state will look as under:

And when you click  a pie slice, the following will appear on the same page (without involving any browser refreshes):

This example demonstrated a very basic sample of the integration capabilities possible with FusionCharts XT. For advanced demos, you can see and download our FusionCharts XT Blueprint/Demo Applications.


text:
Jurassic Videos: Discovery Puts Teeth Into Your Home Movies (Video)
Magisto's editing app gets more footage to add to your videos.
By Dawn Chmielewski May 22, 2014, 8:30am EDT
Share All sharing options for: Jurassic Videos: Discovery Puts Teeth Into Your Home Movies (Video)
Homemade videos just got a bit more bite.
Discovery Digital Networks on Thursday lent some of its computer-generated dinosaur footage to be used in the personal movies created with the Magisto video-editing app.
In a collision of fantasy and reality that borrows its inspiration from films like "Jurassic Park," the Magisto app intersperses snippets of the dinosaur footage alongside the user's own photos and videos to create a polished short film.
One piece of test footage depicts grainy, horror-film-style video of a young woman in a suburban setting who suddenly finds herself being pursued by a velociraptor. It's even got the menacing, violin-heavy score to heighten the drama.
The dinosaurs will join the dozen video themes Magisto offers to describe certain cinematic styles — such as indie, sentimental or Roaring Twenties. To create a movie with the app, users choose their smartphone images and videos, the theme and soundtrack, and the application does the rest, automatically inserting transitions and applying Ken Burns-like effects.
Discovery conducted an initial test with a travel theme, providing Magisto with an hour's worth of library footage. The B-roll was incorporated into some 800,000 movies that attracted four million views. A subsequent experiment featured nature footage that powered a "wild nature" theme.
"We kind of just want to see if we can bring our brands into some of these stories," said Jim Louderback, Discovery Digital Network's general manager.
Discovery hopes to draw attention to its brand and some of the network's forthcoming programming — Louderback said he is weighing a summer sloth theme to build anticipation (ever so slowly) for the cable network's forthcoming "Sloth Week."
Louderback said he hopes the use of the network's library content in personal videos will one day provide a new market for archival footage that's "sitting around in the closet."
Meanwhile, Magisto is using its Discovery partnership to showcase how brand marketers can use its video editing platform to reach consumers through lifestyle programming.
Reid Genauer, the company's chief marketing officer, said he has already sold campaigns to a range of companies, from packaged goods to theme parks.
"As long as we continue to pair relevant brands with relevant lifestyles, they can bring content that elevates the production value and quality of the user narrative," Genauer said.
Here's an example of the sort of video that Magisto can turn out:
This article originally appeared on Recode.net.
Jeff Bezos wants the world to know he's a philanthropist The Amazon founder has committed to giving most of his money to charity — and he's got roughly $120 billion to burn. How's he doing?
Inside the battle for the future of Amazon After the largest corporate layoffs in its history, the tech giant is at a crossroads.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Our RAE International Fair is coming on March 1st.
Angola, Brasil, Canada, China, Egypt, England, Germany, India, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Mexico, Pakistan, Peru, Spain, South Africa, Thailand, Turkey, and Vietnam.
We also need a volunteer to chair the USA booth.
If you don't see your country represented and are interested in having a booth that day, please email Nan Fang at fengnan@yahoo.com. Deadline is January 31st.


WAV Samples. FreshlySqueezed2018 on the application form. "We all eat together, hang out, talk about music, and really get to know each other, which makes it so much more personal and unique compared to traditional learning methods, says co-founder Edwin Tsui. You can find out more information on the. By using Twitters services you agree to our. Key / Tempo / BPM Labelled 10 Closed / Open HiHat midi Loops 225MB Total (Zipped these midi Patterns cover a variety of genres, Including : Rnb / Soul Vibes, top 40 / Pop. We are proud to be sponsoring our very first event: Trance Retreat in Berlin Germany, established by leading trance producer Dennis Sheperd. That first melody is usually what sets the tone for the beat and starts putting concepts into your head, so its safe to say its a pretty important step. Participants on the Retreat receive formal instruction in the form of over 25 hours of group seminars and several hours of 1-on-1 training with their instructor of choice. The Potion, we teamed up with, canary Julz for a second kit called, fresh Squeezed! A free product of your choice from our website (just send us an email via our contact form at the end of the event and we will sort this out for you). Trance Retreat official website and be sure to use the coupon code.
Check out our extensive range of product bundles, on- sale items, and other special offers.
For more details and information on how to apply, as well as the full archive of vlogs from the Bali retreat, visit. It's basically eating, breathing and sleeping music production for one week! The Retreat is also documented through daily vlogs to give those outside the retreat a glimpse into the activities. The Winter Edition retreat is focused on the harder and faster styles of trance and features Menno de Jong, Bjorn Akesson, Adam Ellis, woocommerce coupon shortcode and Dennis Sheperd. After collaborating on a really dope and unique project called. Packed with melodies and chord progressions that cover all kinds of styles and genres, youll never be too far from a dope concept or idea to put you in the zone! If youre anything like us, you probably start most beats with a melody. This event takes place in a stunning Baroque Manor south of Berlin, Germany from March 4th through 10th, 2018. It's more like a workation, where instructors and guests become friends.


text:
Camaigns
Dogs In Distress
Equine Care & Rescue
Worldwide Donkey Crisis
Rangers Face Army of 6000 Poachers in South Africa
Elephant and Rhino Poaching
South Africa's Environmental Affairs minister, Edna Molewa, has admitted that the rhino poaching crisis in South Africa is getting worse and the head of anti-poaching in the Kruger National Park says his team is facing an army of 6,000 poachers.
Molewa revealed that at least 749 rhinos had been killed across South Africa this year as the poaching figure continued to rise. Of these, 544 were poached in the Kruger National Park (KNP) she told a media briefing.
"By this time last year, the number of rhino lost to poachers was 716 for the whole of the country and 459 for the KNP."
She said that there has been a 27 percent increase of would-be poachers entering the 2 million hectare Kruger Park this year: there were 1,617 of what the government calls "identified poacher activities", or three a day.
Johan Jooste, the man in charge of anti-poaching operations in the Kruger Park, told media that his rangers are taking on a well-organised army of rhino poachers, which he estimates to be 6,000 strong, "in what is nothing less than a low-intensity war."
The government is trying to deter poaching by imposing long jail sentences but David Barritt, Network For Animal's Africa director pointed out that rhino horn is now worth more than $60,000 a kilo, an enormous inventive for the poachers. "Many of poachers are very poor tribal people and for them, the money they get for the horn is worth taking the risk of being killed or jailed.
"Government, business and ordinary people around the world should support the rangers in the very dangerous work they do and I believe that South Africa is beginning to focus on this issue and might be able to contain the situation in the short-term.
"The long term solution is to educate people about why killing rhinos is wrong, to more vigorously pursue the middle-men, who make the really big profits and to work with individual governments to get them to stop the sale of rhino horn in their countries."
Next month South African National Parks (SANParks) will conduct a new rhino survey. Last year the rhino population in the Kruger National Park was between 8,001 and 9,290 animals, according to official figures. There are a total of 1,916 black rhino in South Africa.
Help Share NFA's Life-saving And Life-changing Message – Set Up A Facebook Fundraiser!
While it's fact that saving animals costs money and lots of it, we are NOT writing today to ask for a donation. We are writing


text:
It's been in the works for a while, printers misbehaving and resizing images and printing things wrong. But finally got it finished and perfect, my new packaging for glass tile pendants! Simple plastic with card, but takes ages to design, perfect, and put together! I think they look fab :)
Here's my latest work!
See what I mean?! Ten days it's been! I made this bracelet late last night. I've always worked with silver or silver plate but I absolutely adore brass. The "steampunk" label is applied to way too many things now - far more than deserve the label but I guess this is along those lines! It's got that customary brass look, with teeny penny farthing charms! The beads are a favourite of mine, they catch the light amazingly.
Tom spend a little time this morning photographing a single bead and the way the rays of light shine through and around like little shards of colour. I'm still twisting his arm to do my jewellery photography for me :)
It's hard to fit in making jewellery around being a mum and working, but here's my latest creation!
You can't really tell from the picture but the red beads are really chunky, there's something about chunky round plastic beads that I love! It's quite a long necklace finished with a decorative clasp. I've had these beads for absolutely ages and finally got around to using them in something!
After months of waiting, I've finally opened for business! I've been making jewellery since 2004 and have finally made my dream come true by launching my own jewellery brand - Firelily Jewellery. I've made a couple of sales already, so fingers crossed for success! You can "like" Firelily Jewellery on facebook by clicking here.
Hope you're prepared to see updates of everything I'm making!
We went off to Stourport again last Wednesday. The UK has been having the most unusual and amazing weather in the past week with temperatures hitting almost thirty degrees, probably higher than during the actual summer! It's such a weird picture with the brown leaves all over the floor of Autumn starting but people walking around eating icecreams and the sun blasting down.
I think I'm actually getting quite good at this photography stuff, it's more like one in three photos comes out well than the old one in twenty!
Lonely flower by the side of the river
Look at that sun! The weather was amazing!
But this is the pile of leaves beneath each tree!
Absolutely beautiful scenery
Look at that for a picture, quite proud of it if I do say so myself!
Katie was really feeling the change in weather, she's not been too well lately, but she's on the mend now! She's doing all sorts of toddlerish things now, like clapping her hands, crawling and pulling herself up to stand!
But oh, look, winter's on it's way, and it's going to be a harsh one :(
It's been in the works for a while, printers misbe...
Here's my latest work! See what I mean?! Ten da...
It's hard to fit in making jewellery around being ...
After months of waiting, I've finally opened for b...
We went off to Stourport again last Wednesday. Th...


text:
Do the Yankees have the next DJ LeMahieu climbing their Minor League system?
Which Major League baseball still stalled due to the lockout, the New York Yankees have only been able to get their minor leaguers some legitimate action. The minors will operate normally as the players union and MLB owners fight about the new CBA amid economic differences.
However, the Yankees are still excited about their youth prospects climbing the system, specifically Anthony Volpe and Oswald Peraza. Although, I would be remiss not to mention Tre Sweeney, who was drafted out of Eastern Illinois last year at 21 years old.
Sweeney currently plays shortstop but could end up changing positions down the line and becoming a utility man with multiple values. Some have compared him to current big leaguer and starting Yankees infielder DJ LeMahieu, who recently signed a massive six-year, $90 million extension with the Bombers.
Despite a potential position change with significant competition ahead of him, Sweeney is still committed to building a career at shortstop.
"Obviously, I would like to stay at short and be there as long as possible,'' Sweeney said recently, per Pete Caldera of NJ.com.
Regarding a potential position change, Sweeney wasn't deterred by the idea, staying "it wouldn't bother me." "I'm here to help my team win and try to make an impact in the lineup."
Getting back into the groove of things has been great for the young prospects looking to continue their development.
"I think it's been great, mainly to get back into the groove of things, take live ABs and get to see the rest of my teammates, creating that bond with the guys,'' said Sweeney. "It's been fun.''
Last season with Tampa in Low-A ball, Sweeney hit .246 with six homers and 13 RBIs over 110 at-bats. He also registered a. 927 fielding percentage over 206.1 innings, allowing six errors. Obviously, he will have to improve his defensive efficiency, but he has plenty of time to do so.
Nonetheless, if Sweeney can develop his abilities at multiple positions, he could be LeMahieu's replacement down the line.


It's all I ever know (it's all I ever know), it's all I really know (it's what I really know).
It's all I ever know (it's all I ever know), it's all I really know.
I'm steady getting paid off that good life, (off that what?) now we in that good life.
It's like L.A. was missing, but we brought it back.
It's all I ever know (it's all I ever know), it's all I really know (it's all I really know), yeah.
It's all I'll ever know (it's all I ever know), it's all I really know.
It's all I ever know (it's all I ever know), it's all I ever know.
It's all I'll ever know, it's all I really know.
It's all I ever know, it's all I really know.


Items where Author is "Abdel-Aal, Radwan E."
Abdel-Aal, Radwan E. and Abdel-Halim, Mona R. E. and Abdel-Aal, Safa Improving the Classification of Multiple Disorders with Problem Decomposition. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL INFORMATICS, 39 (6): 612-625 DEC 2006.
This list was generated on Fri Apr 26 04:51:19 2019 AST.


Atlanta garage punks Black Lips are back with a sonically intriguing record that is as creatively manic as it is fine-tuned. Their eighth full-length, Satan's Graffiti or God's Art?, out today via Vice, is a raw gem that pushes various boundaries to put forth a new artistic direction for the band.
Co-founders Cole Alexander and Jared Swilley joined up with guitarist Jack Hines, drummer Oakley Munson and saxophonist Zumi Rosow to create a jazzy and psychedelic album that travels through various dimensions. To add to the brilliance, Sean Lennon handled the production while his mother Yoko Ono served as a guest vocalist and Fat White Family's Saul Adamczewski made some contributions. There's also an evident abundance of fuzzy distortion.
Satan's Graffiti or God's Art? has an operatic structure that includes an overture, interludes, and a grand finale. While working on the album, Black Lips removed themselves from anything else that was going on in society in order to focus on the spirited feeling that made the band come together originally. The reigniting of that feeling created an album that's both refreshing and timeless. Lennon's production techniques provide a vintage aesthetic that lets the band's harmonies and energy shine, and it shows how far Black Lips have come since performing in the sweaty basements of Georgia during the 2000s.
Black Lips will be making noise Monday (May 8) at Brighton Music Hall in Allston with New York City punks Surfbort. It'll be a great opportunity to grab a physical copy of Satan's Graffiti or God's Art?, but until then, stream the album via Spotify and rock out.
Featured Black Lips photo by Ben Rayner.


text:
Reducing Quotes
Quotations list about reducing, reduce and lessen captions citing Bryant H. McGill, Napoleon Bonaparte and Kofi Annan sayings.
Peace is accomplished by reducing tension through sometimes difficult communication.
— Bryant H. McGill
When small men attempt great enterprises, they always end by reducing them to the level of their mediocrity.
— Napoleon Bonaparte reducing quote
Gender equality is more than a goal in itself. It is a precondition for meeting the challenge of reducing poverty, promoting sustainable development and building good governance.
— Kofi Annan
Getting your house in order and reducing the confusion gives you more control over your life. Personal organization some how releases or frees you to operate more effectively.
Chocolate causes certain endocrine glands to secrete hormones that affect your feelings and behavior by making you happy. Therefore, it counteracts depression, in turn reducing the stress of depression. Your stress-free life helps you maintain a youthful disposition, both physically and mentally. So, eat lots of chocolate!
— Elaine Sherman
In most modern instances, interpretation amounts to the philistine refusal to leave the work of art alone. Real art has the capacity to make us nervous. By reducing the work of art to its content and then interpreting that, one tames the work of art. Interpretation makes art manageable, conformable.
— Susan Sontag
It is the American vice, the democratic disease which expresses its tyranny by reducing everything unique to the level of the herd.
— Henry Miller
In parliament he again pressed the necessity of reducing expenditure.
Friends warned him that he was flogging a dead horse.
— John Morley
The democratic youth lives along day by day, gratifying the desire that occurs to him, at one time drinking and listening to the flute, at another downing water and reducing, now practicing gymnastic, and again idling and neglecting everything; and sometimes spending his time as though he were occupied in philosophy.
What is the best quotes for reducing?
Try the Top 10 list of reducing quotes
What's happened is that an incessant, an insidious insurgency has repeatedly attacked the key infrastructure targets, reducing outputs.
— Stuart Bowen
County government can be simplified greatly by reorganizing and consolidating some of the offices, making others appointive, and reducing salaries in keeping with the salaries paid by private business for the performance of similar duties.
— Arthur Capper
Monetary policy itself cannot sensibly be directed at reducing imbalances.
— Timothy Geithner
I think we do better as a country when we go step by step toward a goal, and the goal in this case should be reducing health care costs.
— Lamar Alexander
And so our goal on health care is, if we can get, instead of health care costs going up 6 percent a year, it's going up at the level of inflation, maybe just slightly above inflation, we've made huge progress. And by the way, that is the single most important thing we could do in terms of reducing our deficit. That's why we did it.
— Barack Obama
Someone has to stay on the line and say, no, we can do this by cutting spending and reducing the size of government. That's what I was committed to doing.
— Chris Christie
I'm coming to Washington, D.C., to do the people's work. And the people's work has to do with reducing spending and cutting budgets and, and trying to get a grip on the size of government.
— Ken Buck
In the middle of a recession, where we're just climbing out of it, where the economy -unemployment is still at 9.7 percent, the idea of raising taxes and reducing spending is a prescription for disaster.
— Joe Biden
Related To Reducing Quotations
reduce quotes
lessen quotes
reduced quotes
prevention quotes
imbalances quotes
sustainable-development
federal-government
lessens
tax-rates
eradicating
abolishing
balance-budget
foreign-oil
I see nothing that points to a recession in Germany.
But I see considerable long-term tasks ahead of us that have to do with markets regaining confidence in Europe and that have a lot to do with reducing debt.
— Angela Merkel
I think the gains to be achieved by a combination of reforms and labor market adjustments are going to be more permanent and will provide a basis for reducing unemployment and improving export performance, and sustaining growth, in a way that is more sound and permanent.
— Lucas Papademos
I am in favor of reducing all budget items.
But the item I don't want to reduce is the pension expenditure because it affects the weakest part of society.
— Mariano Rajoy
The best anti-aging advice I've ever received? Drink a lot of water and have a plant-based diet. I also do mindful meditation with my daughter every day. It takes ten minutes. I think reducing stress plays a big part in anti-aging.
— Carolyn Murphy
Despite what many nutritionists have preached for years, rapid weight-loss diets can be healthy if done correctly and can work wonders on reducing pounds and inches in just days.
— Mike Moreno
Men who are engaged in public life must necessarily aim at reducing opposition to a minimum, and one of the most obvious means to that end is by misrepresenting, discrediting or ruining their opponents.
— Frederick Scott Oliver
Above all else, we need a reaffirmation of political commitment at the highest levels to reducing the dangers that arise both from existing nuclear weapons and from further proliferation.
I have significant concerns about reducing the 188th Fighter Wing's capabilities, and will fight tooth and nail against attempts to reduce its personnel or take away aircraft.
— Mark Pryor
Benjamin Franklin said there were only two things certain in life: death and taxes. But I'd like to add a third certainty: trash. And while some in this room might want to discuss reducing taxes, I want to talk about reducing trash.
— Ruth Ann Minner
From cutting back on state contracts to reducing the number of state cars, We're making state government smaller, smarter, more efficient, and more accountable.
— Jim Doyle
A successful economic development strategy must focus on improving the skills of the area's workforce, reducing the cost of doing business and making available the resources business needs to compete and thrive in today's global economy.
— Rod Blagojevich
You're an actor, are you? Well, all that means is: you are irresponsible, irrational, romantic, and incapable of handling an adult emotion or a universal concept without first reducing it to something personal, material, sensational - and probably sexual!
— George Herman
Each time he took a walk, he felt as though he were leaving himself behind, and by giving himself up to the movement of the streets, by reducing himself to a seeing eye, he was able to escape the obligation to think, and this, more than anything else, brought him a measure of peace, a salutary emptiness within...By wandering aimlessly, all places became equal and it no longer mattered where he was. On his best walks he was able to feel that he was nowhere. And this, finally was all he ever asked of things: to be nowhere.
— Paul Auster
In 1960 I published a book that attempted to direct attention to the possibility of a thermonuclear war, to ways of reducing the likelihood of such a war, and to methods for coping with the consequences should war occur despite our efforts to avoid it.
— Herman Kahn
When I entered the field in July 1958 I believed what they told me about radiation risks. I spent much effort reducing the dose to patients in radiology.
— John Cameron
The NRA was one of the items that we pointed to when we added money to the labor, health and Education appropriations bill by reducing the size of the tax cut.
— David Obey
Working in the digital domain, you're using approximations of things;
the actual sound wave never enters the equation. You deal with sections of it, and you're able to do so much more by just reducing the information to a finite amount.
— Sean Booth
The United Nations has long sought the ability to raise revenues in this manner as a means of reducing its reliance on American and other member nations' dues to sustain the UN's operations.
— Frank Gaffney
That is why I strongly believe we should working in Congress to make America a better place to run a business by reducing the costly burdens of bureaucracy and red tape.
— Michael K. Simpson
Contraceptives have a proven track record of enhancing the health of women and children, preventing unintended pregnancy, and reducing the need for abortion.
— Louise Slaughter
I tell you, the difference for me is between being victimized, terrorized, numbed by reading about different disasters, or reducing the anxiety by getting up and doing something about it, at whatever level.
— Ted Danson
Rome should sometimes intervene and say this or that is not in conformity with the Catholic faith. Theologians should understand that. Some theologians go too far, for example, reducing the Catholic faith to a universal philosophy.
— Godfried Danneels
In my home State of Minnesota, I have seen firsthand the importance of Byrne grants to local police in reducing crime and drugs and improving public safety.
— Jim Ramstad
Reducing trade barriers with this key ally will go a long way toward increasing market access for American farmers, manufacturers and service providers.
It's true that the original idea was mine, but what you see today is the work of probably tens of thousands of the world's best engineers, all concentrating on improving the product, reducing the cost, things of that sort.
— Jack Kilby
Reducing the tax burden is necessary to produce economic growth.
— Bob Schaffer
Our diplomacy and development budget is not just about reducing spending and finding efficiencies. We need a frank conversation about what we stand for as that 'shining city on a hill.' And that conversation begins by acknowledging that we can't do it on the cheap.
— Colin Powell
In the beginning of the year 1665, I found the method of approximating series and the rule for reducing any dignity of any binomial into such a series.
I think that the Internet is going to be one of the major forces for reducing the role of government. The one thing that's missing, but that will soon be developed, is a reliable e-cash - a method whereby on the Internet you can transfer funds from A to B without A knowing B or B knowing A.
— Milton Friedman
I would be lying if I didn't admit sadness that our wonderful airline is merging with another. Because I'm not American, the U.S. Department of Transportation stipulated I take some of my shares in Virgin America as non-voting shares, reducing my influence over any takeover. So there was sadly nothing I could do to stop it.
— Richard Branson
It's a matter of reducing the work to its very simplest possible state, eliminating all of the things that lead away from the guts of the work, the thing the work is really about. Anything that's there must build towards its over-all organization and meaning.
— Paul Cullen
The major media companies are significantly reducing their financial commitment to the motion picture sector.
— Peter Bart
An important lever for sustained action in tackling poverty and reducing hunger is money.
— Gro Harlem Brundtland


I went to Hebron yesterday and helped with the installation of the playground. They were supposed to continue today but working on Saturday is a bit risky because of the settlers. See attached some pics. 2 international volunteers were also helping us.
This entry was posted in MRSCP and tagged Health, Images, West Bank by admin. Bookmark the permalink.


text:
Q: My E-Mails Always Go To Spam Folder In my server i send mails by PHP but my mails always go to spam folders. I did spf record thing but it didn't matter. Also i use google apps service with this domain. Please Help
Mail Original:
Delivered-To: mektup@gmail.com
Received: by 10.42.178.133 with SMTP id bm5cs95762icb;
        Fri, 31 Dec 2010 19:49:46 -0800 (PST)
Received: by 10.223.112.1 with SMTP id u1mr875459fap.109.1293853785941;
        Fri, 31 Dec 2010 19:49:45 -0800 (PST)
Return-Path: <apache@loft1397.serverloft.eu>
Received: from loft1397.serverloft.eu (loft1397.serverloft.eu [82.25.120.6])
        by mx.google.com with ESMTPS id 17si15455863fau.0.2010.12.31.19.49.45
        (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=RC4-MD5);
        Fri, 31 Dec 2010 19:49:45 -0800 (PST)
Received-SPF: pass (google.com: best guess record for domain of apache@loft1397.serverloft.eu designates 82.25.120.6 as permitted sender) client-ip=82.25.120.6;
Authentication-Results: mx.google.com; spf=pass (google.com: best guess record for domain of apache@loft1397.serverloft.eu designates 82.25.120.6 as permitted sender) smtp.mail=apache@loft1397.serverloft.eu
Received: from loft1397.serverloft.eu (unknown [127.0.0.1])
    by loft1397.serverloft.eu (Postfix) with ESMTP id 145B623A87F4
    for <mektup@gmail.com>; Sat,  1 Jan 2011 03:49:45 +0000 (UTC)
Received: by loft1397.serverloft.eu (Postfix, from userid 48)
    id EED7623A8831; Sat,  1 Jan 2011 03:49:44 +0000 (UTC)
To: mektup@gmail.com
Subject: Test mail
From: bilgi@xxxx.com
Message-Id: <20110101034944.EED7623A8831@loft1397.serverloft.eu>
Date: Sat,  1 Jan 2011 03:49:44 +0000 (UTC)

Hello! This is a simple email message.

Domain SPF Record:
v=spf1 ip4:82.25.120.6 ip4:85.25.122.12 include:_spf.google.com ~all

A: First off, the very best thing you could possibly do to solve this problem long term is to use a service to send your emails out. There are a lot of them, but I've heard good things about these three:

*

*http://sendgrid.com/ (I'm using these guys and am happy so far)

*http://postageapp.com/

*http://postmarkapp.com/
There is also a new entrant that's supposed to be cool, http://www.emailyak.com/, but they are still in beta. All the services are very affordable, have super simple APIs, and will likely make your problem go away immediately.
If that is not an option, or if you just don't want to go that direction, you're going to need to generate (or get someone to send) a spam report that shows why your messages are going into their spam folder. Here's an example of what I'm talking about from spam assassin:
Content analysis details:   (7.9 points, 6.0 required)

pts rule name              description
---- ---------------------- --------------------------------------------------
3.2 FH_DATE_PAST_20XX      The date is grossly in the future.
1.1 DNS_FROM_OPENWHOIS     RBL: Envelope sender listed in bl.open-whois.org.
0.6 SPF_SOFTFAIL           SPF: sender does not match SPF record (softfail)
0.0 UNPARSEABLE_RELAY      Informational: message has unparseable relay lines
1.6 HTML_IMAGE_ONLY_28     BODY: HTML: images with 2400-2800 bytes of words
0.0 HTML_MESSAGE           BODY: HTML included in message
0.0 BAYES_50               BODY: Bayesian spam probability is 40 to 60%
                           [score: 0.5000]
1.5 MIME_HTML_ONLY         BODY: Message only has text/html MIME parts

Once you have this info, you can diagnose the problem. I doubt it has anything to do with your SPF records, but it's hard to be positive, even though they are listed as "pass" in the headers.
Good luck!

A: As stated by Erick, Your SPF Is stated as Passed so i would but it down to header malformation in your php main function
This is the code you have:
<?php
$headers  = "MIME-Version: 1.0\r\n";
$headers .= "Content-type: text/html; charset=iso-8859-1\r\n";
$headers .= "From: UzmanKirala <bilgi@uzmankirala.com>\r\n";

$mail_body = "This
is
a
test
mail.";
mail('uzmankirala@hotmail.com', 'Subject', $mail_body, $headers);
?>

Google will read this and see that the mail is malformed as there's no boundaries. Lack of correct new lines etc.
I'm not going to bother explaining the whole RFC For the Email Formats but instead point you to a file which I use all the time and works very very well.
<?php
class Mail {
    protected $to;
    protected $from;
    protected $sender;
    protected $subject;
    protected $text;
    protected $html;
    protected $attachments = array();
    public $protocol = 'mail';
    public $hostname;
    public $username;
    public $password;
    public $port = 25;
    public $timeout = 5;
    public $newline = "\n";
    public $crlf = "\r\n";
    public $verp = FALSE;
    public $parameter = '';

    public function setTo($to) {
        $this->to = $to;
    }

    public function setFrom($from) {
        $this->from = $from;
    }

    public function addheader($header, $value) {
        $this->headers[$header] = $value;
    }

    public function setSender($sender) {
        $this->sender = html_entity_decode($sender, ENT_COMPAT, 'UTF-8');
    }

    public function setSubject($subject) {
        $this->subject = html_entity_decode($subject, ENT_COMPAT, 'UTF-8');
    }

    public function setText($text) {
        $this->text = $text;
    }

    public function setHtml($html) {
        $this->html = $html;
    }

    public function addAttachment($file, $filename = '') {
        if (!$filename) {
            $filename = basename($file);
        }

        $this->attachments[] = array(
            'filename' => $filename,
            'file'     => $file
        );
    }

    public function send() {
        if (!$this->to) {
            exit('Error: E-Mail to required!');
        }

        if (!$this->from) {
            exit('Error: E-Mail from required!');
        }

        if (!$this->sender) {
            exit('Error: E-Mail sender required!');
        }

        if (!$this->subject) {
            exit('Error: E-Mail subject required!');
        }

        if ((!$this->text) && (!$this->html)) {
            exit('Error: E-Mail message required!');
        }

        if (is_array($this->to)) {
            $to = implode(',', $this->to);
        } else {
            $to = $this->to;
        }

        $boundary = '----=_NextPart_' . md5(time());

        $header = '';

        if ($this->protocol != 'mail') {
            $header .= 'To: ' . $to . $this->newline;
            $header .= 'Subject: ' . $this->subject . $this->newline;
        }

        $header .= 'From: ' . $this->sender . '<' . $this->from . '>' . $this->newline;
        //$header .= 'From: "' . $this->sender . '" <' . $this->from . '>' . $this->newline;
        $header .= 'Reply-To: ' . $this->sender . '<' . $this->from . '>' . $this->newline;
        $header .= 'Return-Path: ' . $this->from . $this->newline;
        $header .= 'X-Mailer: PHP/' . phpversion() . $this->newline;
        $header .= 'MIME-Version: 1.0' . $this->newline;
        $header .= 'Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary="' . $boundary . '"' . $this->newline;

        if (!$this->html) {
            $message  = '--' . $boundary . $this->newline;
            $message .= 'Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8"' . $this->newline;
            $message .= 'Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit' . $this->newline . $this->newline;
            $message .= $this->text . $this->newline;
        } else {
            $message  = '--' . $boundary . $this->newline;
            $message .= 'Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="' . $boundary . '_alt"' . $this->newline . $this->newline;
            $message .= '--' . $boundary . '_alt' . $this->newline;
            $message .= 'Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8"' . $this->newline;
            $message .= 'Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit' . $this->newline;

            if ($this->text) {
                $message .= $this->text . $this->newline;
            } else {
                $message .= 'This is a HTML email and your email client software does not support HTML email!' . $this->newline;
            }

            $message .= '--' . $boundary . '_alt' . $this->newline;
            $message .= 'Content-Type: text/html; charset="utf-8"' . $this->newline;
            $message .= 'Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit' . $this->newline . $this->newline;
            $message .= $this->html . $this->newline;
            $message .= '--' . $boundary . '_alt--' . $this->newline;
        }

        foreach ($this->attachments as $attachment) {
            if (file_exists($attachment['file'])) {
                $handle = fopen($attachment['file'], 'r');
                $content = fread($handle, filesize($attachment['file']));

                fclose($handle);

                $message .= '--' . $boundary . $this->newline;
                $message .= 'Content-Type: application/octetstream' . $this->newline;
                $message .= 'Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64' . $this->newline;
                $message .= 'Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="' . basename($attachment['filename']) . '"' . $this->newline;
                $message .= 'Content-ID: <' . basename($attachment['filename']) . '>' . $this->newline . $this->newline;
                $message .= chunk_split(base64_encode($content));
            }
        }

        $message .= '--' . $boundary . '--' . $this->newline;

        if ($this->protocol == 'mail') {
            ini_set('sendmail_from', $this->from);

            if ($this->parameter) {
                mail($to, $this->subject, $message, $header, $this->parameter);
            } else {
                mail($to, $this->subject, $message, $header);
            }

        } elseif ($this->protocol == 'smtp') {
            $handle = fsockopen($this->hostname, $this->port, $errno, $errstr, $this->timeout);

            if (!$handle) {
                error_log('Error: ' . $errstr . ' (' . $errno . ')');
            } else {
                if (substr(PHP_OS, 0, 3) != 'WIN') {
                    socket_set_timeout($handle, $this->timeout, 0);
                }

                while ($line = fgets($handle, 515)) {
                    if (substr($line, 3, 1) == ' ') {
                        break;
                    }
                }

                if (substr($this->hostname, 0, 3) == 'tls') {
                    fputs($handle, 'STARTTLS' . $this->crlf);

                    while ($line = fgets($handle, 515)) {
                        $reply .= $line;

                        if (substr($line, 3, 1) == ' ') {
                            break;
                        }
                    }

                    if (substr($reply, 0, 3) != 220) {
                        error_log('Error: STARTTLS not accepted from server!');
                    }
                }

                if (!empty($this->username)  && !empty($this->password)) {
                    fputs($handle, 'EHLO ' . getenv('SERVER_NAME') . $this->crlf);

                    $reply = '';

                    while ($line = fgets($handle, 515)) {
                        $reply .= $line;

                        if (substr($line, 3, 1) == ' ') {
                            break;
                        }
                    }

                    if (substr($reply, 0, 3) != 250) {
                        error_log('Error: EHLO not accepted from server!');
                    }

                    fputs($handle, 'AUTH LOGIN' . $this->crlf);

                    $reply = '';

                    while ($line = fgets($handle, 515)) {
                        $reply .= $line;

                        if (substr($line, 3, 1) == ' ') {
                            break;
                        }
                    }

                    if (substr($reply, 0, 3) != 334) {
                        error_log('Error: AUTH LOGIN not accepted from server!');
                    }

                    fputs($handle, base64_encode($this->username) . $this->crlf);

                    $reply = '';

                    while ($line = fgets($handle, 515)) {
                        $reply .= $line;

                        if (substr($line, 3, 1) == ' ') {
                            break;
                        }
                    }

                    if (substr($reply, 0, 3) != 334) {
                        error_log('Error: Username not accepted from server!');
                    }

                    fputs($handle, base64_encode($this->password) . $this->crlf);

                    $reply = '';

                    while ($line = fgets($handle, 515)) {
                        $reply .= $line;

                        if (substr($line, 3, 1) == ' ') {
                            break;
                        }
                    }

                    if (substr($reply, 0, 3) != 235) {
                        error_log('Error: Password not accepted from server!');
                    }
                } else {
                    fputs($handle, 'HELO ' . getenv('SERVER_NAME') . $this->crlf);

                    $reply = '';

                    while ($line = fgets($handle, 515)) {
                        $reply .= $line;

                        if (substr($line, 3, 1) == ' ') {
                            break;
                        }
                    }

                    if (substr($reply, 0, 3) != 250) {
                        error_log('Error: HELO not accepted from server!');
                    }
                }

                if ($this->verp) {
                    fputs($handle, 'MAIL FROM: <' . $this->from . '>XVERP' . $this->crlf);
                } else {
                    fputs($handle, 'MAIL FROM: <' . $this->from . '>' . $this->crlf);
                }

                $reply = '';

                while ($line = fgets($handle, 515)) {
                    $reply .= $line;

                    if (substr($line, 3, 1) == ' ') {
                        break;
                    }
                }

                if (substr($reply, 0, 3) != 250) {
                    error_log('Error: MAIL FROM not accepted from server!');
                }

                if (!is_array($this->to)) {
                    fputs($handle, 'RCPT TO: <' . $this->to . '>' . $this->crlf);

                    $reply = '';

                    while ($line = fgets($handle, 515)) {
                        $reply .= $line;

                        if (substr($line, 3, 1) == ' ') {
                            break;
                        }
                    }

                    if ((substr($reply, 0, 3) != 250) && (substr($reply, 0, 3) != 251)) {
                        error_log('Error: RCPT TO not accepted from server!');
                    }
                } else {
                    foreach ($this->to as $recipient) {
                        fputs($handle, 'RCPT TO: <' . $recipient . '>' . $this->crlf);

                        $reply = '';

                        while ($line = fgets($handle, 515)) {
                            $reply .= $line;

                            if (substr($line, 3, 1) == ' ') {
                                break;
                            }
                        }

                        if ((substr($reply, 0, 3) != 250) && (substr($reply, 0, 3) != 251)) {
                            error_log('Error: RCPT TO not accepted from server!');
                        }
                    }
                }

                fputs($handle, 'DATA' . $this->crlf);

                $reply = '';

                while ($line = fgets($handle, 515)) {
                    $reply .= $line;

                    if (substr($line, 3, 1) == ' ') {
                        break;
                    }
                }

                if (substr($reply, 0, 3) != 354) {
                    error_log('Error: DATA not accepted from server!');
                }

                fputs($handle, $header . $message . $this->crlf);
                fputs($handle, '.' . $this->crlf);

                $reply = '';

                while ($line = fgets($handle, 515)) {
                    $reply .= $line;

                    if (substr($line, 3, 1) == ' ') {
                        break;
                    }
                }

                if (substr($reply, 0, 3) != 250) {
                    error_log('Error: DATA not accepted from server!');
                }

                fputs($handle, 'QUIT' . $this->crlf);

                $reply = '';

                while ($line = fgets($handle, 515)) {
                    $reply .= $line;

                    if (substr($line, 3, 1) == ' ') {
                        break;
                    }
                }

                if (substr($reply, 0, 3) != 221) {
                    error_log('Error: QUIT not accepted from server!');
                }

                fclose($handle);
            }
        }
    }
}
?>

Read the class file and unserstand how to use it fully but for now heres a starter example:
$mail = new Mail();

$mail->setTo("mektup@gmail.com");
$mail->setFrom("bilgi@uzmankirala.com");
$mail->setSender("Bilgi");
$mail->setSubject("Test mail");
$mail->setHtml("Some html email");

$mail->send();

A: Did you make DNS setting to send mails from you site. Without doing that you the mail-receiver will not identify you thus sending your mails to spam. Talk to your hosting support they will guide you to do such DNS settings.

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