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Satellites played a starring role at Project Convergence
Photo by imaginima/Getty Images
YUMA PROVING GROUND, Ariz. — To put it bluntly, the U.S. Army is not exactly known for its space savviness.
However, as the Army gears up for combat with near-peer competitors, it's doing its best to leverage new space capabilities to improve its targeting and networks, greatly expanding the range it can fire at enemies effectively. And at Project Convergence 20, the service got its first high profile opportunity to show off what it can do with emergent tactical space capabilities.
Project Convergence is the first iteration of the Army's new "campaign of learning," an effort to bring together the most cutting edge technologies, connect them together with an advanced battlefield network, and extend their ability to hit beyond-line-of-sight targets with confidence. During six weeks in the blazing Arizona heat at Yuma Proving Ground, the Army ran through dozens of scenarios, linking weapons systems and sensors together, applying artificial intelligence to detect and target threats, and using a developmental network to expand the battlefield.
Perhaps most importantly, Army's Futures Command was able to show how new tactical space capabilities can transform the battlefield.
Three key technologies are driving this change. First are the satellites that can take detailed photos of the battlefield. Second are the developmental ground station and artificial intelligence system that receives those images, processes them, and turns them into targeting data. And third are the tactical communications satellites that take that data and transfer it across the country to the weapon systems that will fire on the target.
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At Project Convergence, leaders focused on "that ability to request data, bring that data directly back down into theater, very rapidly process that data, you know, finding threats in those images or within that data set," Willie Nelson, director of Army Futures Command's Assured Positioning, Navigation and Timing Cross-Functional Team, told C4ISRNET following the exercise.
This transformation is only possible due to the growing prevalence of satellites operating in low Earth orbit.
"For decades now, the military — not just the Army by itself, but the military generally — has been dependent on geosynchronous Earth orbit satellites, or GEO satellites," a member of the Network Cross Functional Team told Army Sec. Ryan McCarthy in Yuma. "Today, we have commercial satellites in constellations that are at the mid Earth orbit level and the low Earth orbit level, or MEO and LEO. This is a difference between 22,000 miles for the GEO satellites, 5,000 miles altitude for the MEO satellites, and only 320 miles for the LEO satellites."
Naturally, it's far cheaper to send a satellite to LEO than to GEO — which has led to an explosion of new small satellites being launched into orbit. Instead of launching five or six massive, expensive satellites into GEO, companies can create huge constellations of small, cheap satellites in LEO to much the same effect. Some of those constellations — think SpaceX's Starlink and OneWeb - already have hundreds of satellites on orbit.
As those commercial capabilities mature, the Army is keen to leverage them for their own efforts. Instead of using space solely for strategic capabilities, the LEO constellations are opening up a new world of tactical space, on orbit capabilities that can immediately react to and affect what's happening on the battlefield.
Project Convergence
The APNT CFT got its first real crack at the apple this spring, when they used satellites and a TITAN surrogate for live fire exercises in Germany. A plan to conduct more exercises later in the Pacific was cancelled due to precautions over COVID-19.
However successful that exercise was, and it appeared to go well, it did not have the same level of support and attention as Project Convergence.
"Working very heavily with our mission partners and with commercial providers, we had probably the most robust ... support," said Nelson. "Frankly, I've been at this for different types of things for almost 30 years, and I probably would go on the record to say I've never seen the interaction and the level of support from our mission partners from across the gamut--You name it, NRO NGA, commercial--like I've never seen before. And I think that's, quite frankly, a testament to the leadership in each of those organizations."
"I deal with the senior-most folks in those organizations, and they are all so committed to making this tactical space layer work," he added. "And it's more than just words, they showed it"
Here is a simplified explanation of the sensor-to-shooter chain used at Project Convergence:
A satellite take images of the battlefield.
A TITAN surrogate ground station receives those images.
There, the Prometheus AI system processes the images, detects threats and transforms it into targeting data.
The targeting data is sent from TITAN to Yuma via satellite communications.
At Yuma, the targeting data is populated in the Tactical Assault Kit software.
The FIRESTORM AI system recommends which fires solution should respond to the threat.
A human operator approves the recommendation, and targeting data is sent to the weapon system or soldier to respond.
Nelson's team and their partners were able to run through that chain 350 times during Project Convergence.
"We found the threat rapidly. We were able to identify it as the real threat. We were able to put hit-grade coordinates on it in very near real time, and then digitally send that from the TITAN surrogate unit at Joint Base Lewis McChord in Washington State, down to the firing units that were located down at Yuma via tactical satellite communications. And all of that happened within seconds," explained Nelson.
"We didn't get lucky. We didn't do a trick shot. We got the procedures down," he added. "We got the tactics, techniques and procedures and CONOPS down. We were actually able to perfect this and get it down to the point where we're able to repeat that. Again, literally over 350 different mission threads were run over the course of six weeks."
Here's a breakdown of each step.
Two CubeSats, part of a constellation built and operated by Planet Labs Inc. to take images of Earth, were launched from the International Space Station on May 17, 2016. (NASA)
Tactical GEOINT
The whole chain starts in space, where satellites take images of the battlefield.
While Nelson said he was not at liberty to share exactly which satellites were used during the experiments, he said they were able to tap into some national capabilities as well as some commercial constellations over the six weeks.
"What I can tell you is, it was a good teaming aspect in the fact that it wasn't just government systems," he said. "And it wasn't just commercial. It was a blend of both."
On the commercial side, the Army sees value in leveraging on orbit capabilities that have a commercial sector business that can sustain them, bringing down prices for when the military wants to use them. Nelson pointed to BlackSky, Planet Labs, Maxar's Worlview, and Hawkeye 360 as examples of companies with LEO GEOINT capabilities that the Army could potentially tap into.
"To some extent, I can say they were involved in some of this testing, and will continue to be more and more involved in our continued campaign of learning," said Nelson.
TITAN and Prometheus
Once the images were taken, they were downlinked to a Tactical Intelligence Targeting Access Node (TITAN) surrogate located at Joint Base Lewis McChord in Washington State. TITAN is a scalable ground system being developed by the army that will be able to downlink data from multi-domain sensors, fuse it and transform it into targeting data for weapon systems.
The Defense Innovation Unit has tapped Northrop Grumman to build two TITAN prototypes, which will be used for exercises starting in 2022 and 2023. Until then, the Army is using a TITAN surrogate that can essentially perform the same functions in the sensor to shooter chain.
Once TITAN has the images, it uses an artificial intelligence system called Prometheus to process them, detect threats and transform it into targeting data.
Inside the Army's futuristic test of its battlefield artificial intelligence in the desert
At Project Convergence, U.S. Army Futures Command tested a number of emerging AI capabilities, including Prometheus, Dead Center, FIRESTORM and more.
Army leadership--including McCarthy--admitted that AI applications like Prometheus are still brittle, but they will only grow stronger as they are fed more data.
"I'm very, very pleased with the progress Prometheus is making — proud of the team and what they were able to demonstrate," Nelson said. "But I think what you're probably hearing — and it's a fair comment — is we truly have a ways to go to train algorithms to detect any target, or any threat."
While it might seem strange to have the TITAN surrogate located hundreds of miles from the action in Yuma, Nelson pointed out that is similar to how it could be used in the future.
"In many cases, you won't have a TITAN - at least not initially — co-located with every fires battalion in the field," he explained. "And so there will be some degree of centralization of that TITAN data at some echelon, and then you'll need to push that data either in most likely through SATCOM like we demonstrated — some distance (from) the actual shooters."
SATCOM and the SDA
So how does the data get from TITAN to the battlefield?
During Project Convergence, the Army was able to use satellite communications to send that targeting data hundreds of miles in just seconds. In some instances, they were even able to use new commercial LEO constellations.
"I don't want to steal (the Network CFT's) thunder on this, but I'll put a plug in for them. So part of the experiment was, we use the traditional MILSATCOM military satellite communications capability to get the data down from Washington to Arizona," explained Nelson. "But we also had some excursions with some commercial LEO and MEO commercial capabilities. And we're very impressed with the high bandwidth throughput and low latency that they were able to provide back. We did several excursions with some of those commercial provided satellite communication capabilities."
A Network CFT official at Yuma specifically noted that they were able to use SpaceX's Starlink for the experiment. That constellation has approximately 600 satellites available in their constellation, and it will reach persistent global coverage at 4,500.
"Once we get to 4,500 satellites in the next year to two years, we will have global coverage with LEO," he explained. "Now, LEO satellites being so much closer, severely, dramatically reduces the latency that is inherent in satellite communications. It increases the throughput or transport that we can have for more data. And because of the smaller form factor such as this LEO terminal here and the MEO terminal, we can get more points of presence on the battlefield and closer to the tactical edge."
While the constellation is still "somewhat immature," the Army should have more capacity to experiment at Project Convergence 2021, when they expect the commercial constellation to have 24/7 coverage of North America.
On Nov. 11, 2019, SpaceX launched 60 Starlink satellites from Space Launch Complex 40 at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, Fla. (SpaceX)
The Army experimented with a commercial LEO capability during Project Convergence, but the Department of Defense is developing its own space-based mesh network that will be able to perform the same types of tasks.
The Space Development Agency was established in 2019 to build the government its own proliferated LEO constellation. It will eventually be made up of hundreds of satellites performing a whole host of tasks, including data transport, detecting and tracking hypersonic weapons, providing beyond-line-of-sight targeting, space domain awareness and much more.
The glue connecting those carrying capabilities is the transport layer--a series of satellites connected by optical intersatellite links to form a space-based mesh network. Like the commercial constellations used during Project Convergence, the transport layer will be able to transport tactical data around the globe in seconds, connecting sensors and shooters at blazing speeds.
Still, the agency does not have any satellites on orbit yet. SDA ordered its inaugural 20 transport layer satellites from York Space Systems and Lockheed Martin in August, with plans for them to be launched into orbit in 2022. The agency will then add more and more satellites with increasing capabilities in two year tranches as part of their spiral development approach--they expect to have hundreds of satellites on orbit in 2026.
"Army Futures Command and (Army Space and Missile Defense Command) are partnered very very closely with SDA," SDA Director Derek Tournear told C4ISRNET. "We didn't have any hardware to bring to bear for the Project Convergence demo and test, but we will in the future."
In the future, the transport layer will be able to route targeting data to the war fighter directly through a Link-16 tactical data link, pass it through a ground station like TITAN, or other solutions being developed by the U.S. Air Force and Navy.
"Our plan is always tied to what the Army is doing, primarily with the TITAN ground system," he added.
As Tournear has noted previously, the transport layer will be the space-based network component of the Pentagon's Joint All-Domain Command and Control concept--connecting the services together with satellites.
FIRESTORM and SHOT
The final piece of the chain is another artificial intelligence capability: FIRES Synchronization to Optimize Responses in Multi-Domain Operations, or FIRESTORM.
"What is FIRESTORM? Simply put it's a computer brain that recommends the best shooter, updates the common operating picture with the current enemy situation, and friendly situation, admissions the effectors that we want to eradicate the enemy on the battlefield," said Brig. Gen. Ross Coffman, director of Army Futures Command's Next Generation Combat Vehicle CFT and the lead Army official on the ground for Project Convergence.
Simply put, FIRESTORM can take the targeting data produced by Prometheus, look at the forces available on the battlefield, and recommend the best weapon system to respond to the threat.
Nelson added that the Army is also developing a similar AI capability known by the acronym SHOT. Whereas FIRESTORM is effective in choosing the best weapon for short range fires, SHOT will perform the same task for long range precision fires, he explained.
"What we learned in this experiment was there's a lot of goodness by both programs," said Nelson. "And we're gonna have to look at that and figure out, is it right to have two separate (programs)? Are there enough similarities or enough differences to support two different types of programs, or they should they come together? And that's far from a decision right now."
Improving the pipeline
With Prometheus, TITAN, the on orbit sensors and SATCOM, the Army was able to cut down the sensor to shooter timeline from 20 minutes to 20 seconds.
"That's not an automatic kind of thing. It's not just a drag and drop--'Hey, you know, I see something here, let me put a hit grid on it and give it to somebody to shoot at it.' That actually takes quite a while in today's technologies," said Nelson. "But what we were able to prove is we were able to streamline that and do it digitally."
But the work is not done.
"So our plan now is to pick up in an FYI 21 campaign of learning--we plan to go back to Europe, again, begin to flesh out these TPPs and CONOPS and get them codified soo these become repeatable capabilities, not just some futuristic experiment," said Nelson. "And you'll see some more capability brought to bear at Project Convergence 21."
Project Converge was an opportunity for the APNT team to nail down the sensor to shooter chain, proving it in harsh conditions with lots of interlocking parts. But it was also a chance for them to demonstrate the value of tactical space to other Army leaders.
"I can tell you with confidence, there isn't a person in the Army now who doesn't understand or isn't able to appreciate the capability that this deep sensing capability from space provides now," said Nelson. "There's not a dry eye in the room when you look at how fast we can rapidly find threats and get those to shooters."
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Encyclopedia > Tainos
The Ta�no are the pre-Hispanic Amerindian inhabitants of the Greater Antilles, which includes Cuba, Hispaniola (Haiti and the Dominican Republic), Puerto Rico, Jamaica and the Bahamas. The Ta�no are the seafaring relations of the Arawakan peoples of South America. Those of the Bahamas were known as Lucayan. Their language is a member of the Arawakan linguistic family, also found in South America.
The Ta�no culture nearly ceased to exist in the 16th century, wiped out by genocide, introduced disease, and assimilation into the plantation economy that Spain imposed in its Caribbean colonies, with its subsequent importation of African slave workers. It is well documented that the Spaniards who first arrived in the Bahamas, Cuba and Hispanola in 1492 and later in Puerto Rico in 1508 did not bring women. They would come to take Taino women as wives in civil marriages, having many mestizo Taino children in the process. Tainos had been noted in Puerto Rico's island census of 1771 and 1778. [1] (http://www.taino-tribe.org/tainos.htm). In Hispanola, a Taino Chieftain named Enriquillo also mobilized over 3000 remaining Taino in a rebellion on that island in the 1530s.
At the time of Columbus' arrival in 1492, there were five Ta�no "kingdoms" or territories on Hispaniola, each led by a principal Cacique (chieftain), to whom tribute was paid. Another indigenous group called the Carib lived in the islands. This group is said to be another Arawakan related people originally from South America. The Tainos and the Carib sometimes battle each other but there were many instances of mutual respect and cooperation recorded in the pre and post-colonial contact periods.
At the time of the Spanish Conquest, the largest Ta�no population centers are said to have contained around 3,000 people or more.
1 Culture and Lifestyle
2 Food and Agriculture
5 Columbus and the Ta�no
6 The Revolt of 1511
7 Ta�no Heritage in Modern Times
8 Related topics
In the typical Ta�no village (yucayeque) one would find a flat court (batey) in the center which was used for various social activities such as games, various festivals and public ceremonies. Houses would surround this court. The Ta�no would play a sometimes ceremonial ball game called "Batu". This game was played between opposing teams (of 10 to 30 players per team) with a rubber ball. Batu was also used for conflict resolution between communites.
Ta�no society was divided into 4 main sections:
1) naboria (common people)
2) nita�no (sub-chiefs)
3) bohique (priests/healers)
4) cacique (chieftains)
Often, the general population lived in large circular buildings (bohio), constructed with wooden poles, woven straw, and palm leaves. These houses would often hold 10-15 families. The caciques and his family would live in rectangular buildings (caney) of similar construction, with wooden porches.
Ta�no home furnishings included cotton hammocks (hamaca), mats made of palms, wooden chairs with woven seats, platforms, and cradles for children.
The Ta�no practised a mainly agrarian lifestyle but also fished and hunted as well. A hair style often worn was with bangs in front and long in back. They sometimes wore gold jewellery, paint, and/or, shells. Ta�no men and women sometimes wore short skirts.
The Ta�no spoke a form of Arawak and used the words: barbecue, "hammock", canoe, and tabaco which have been incorporated into the English and Spanish languages.
Some Ta�no practiced polygamy. Man and even sometimes woman had 2 or 3 spouses, and the caciques would marry as many as 30.
The Taino indians came from Venezuela and move through the Caribbean and parts of Florida.
The Ta�no diet was centered around vegetables, meat and fish. There never were many large wild animals to hunt on the islands, but there were some small animals such as rodents, bats, worms, ducks, turtles, and birds.
Ta�no groups in the interior of the islands relied more on agriculture. Their crops were raised in a conuco, a large mound, which was packed with leaves to prevent erosion and then planted with a variety of crops to assure that something would grow, no matter what the weather conditions.
One of the primary crops cultivated by the Ta�no was cassava, which they ate as a flat bread similar to a burrito or pizza shell. The Ta�no also grew maize, squash, beans, peppers, sweet potatoes, yams, peanuts as well as tobacco.
The Ta�no used cotton, hemp and palm extensively for fishing nets and ropes. Their dugout canoes (Kanoa) were made in various sizes, which could hold from 2 to 150 people. An average sized Kanoa would hold about 15 - 20 persons. They used bows and arrows, and sometimes put various poisons on their arrowheads. They used spears for fishing. For warfare, they employed the use of a wooden war club, which they called a macana, that was about one inch thick and was similar to the cocomaque.
The Ta�no respected all forms of life and recognized the importance of giving thanks as well as honoring ancestors and spiritual beings whom they called (Cemi). (meaning) (http://www.hartford-hwp.com/Taino/photos/zemi.html) Many stone carvings of Cemi have survived. Some of the stalagmites of the Caves of Dondon were carved into the figures of Cemi. The Cemi are sometimes represented by toads, turtles, snakes, caiman and various abstract and human-like faces.
During certain ceremonies, the Ta�no would induce vomiting with a swallowing stick. This was to purge the body of impurities, both a literal physical purging and a symbolic spiritual purging. After the serving of communal bread, first to the Cemi, then to the cacique, and then to the common people; the village epic would be sung and accompanied by maraca and other instruments.
Ta�no oral tradition explains that the sun and moon come out of caves. Another story tells that once upon a time people once lived in caves and only came out at night, because it was believed that the Sun would transform them. The origin of the oceans is described in the story of a huge flood which occurred when a father murdered his son (who was about to murder the father), and then put his bones into a gourd or calabash. These bones then turned to fish and the gourd broke and all the water of the world came pouring out.
The Supreme God was called "Yucah�", which means "white yuca", or "the spirit of the yuca", for the yuca was the main source of food of the Ta�nos, and as such it was revered. The Ta�nos of Quisqueya (Dominican Republic) called him "Yucah� Bagua Maorocot�", which means "White Yuca, great and powerful as the sea and the mountains". "Yucah�" was also the invisible spirit of the sky, whose mother was "Atabey", the mother of the gods and spirit of the waters. Other names for this goddess include "Guabancex", "Atabei", "Atabeyra", "Atabex", and "Guimazoa". "Hurac�n" was the evil god of storms, although some historians claim this was only the Ta�no term for "storm", and the real goddess of storms was "Guabancex". Other minor gods or "cem�es" include "Boinayel" (god of rain, in other sources the Sun god), the messenger "Guataub�", "Demin�n Caracaracol" (who broke the gourd and caused the flooding of the world and the spreading of the waters), "Opiyelguabir�n" (a dog-shaped god), and "Maketaori Guayaba" (the ruler of the Coaybay, the underworld).
The Ta�nos believed that the souls of the dead go to Coaybay, the underworld, and there they rest by day, and when night comes they assume the form of bats and eat the fruit "guayaba".
Some anthropologists assert that some or all of the Petwo Voodoo rites may have their origins in Ta�no religion. This is also confirmed by many Haitian Vodun practicioners as well.
Columbus and the Ta�no
Columbus and his crew, landing in the Bahamas on October 12th, 1492 were the first Europeans to encouter the Taino People. It was Columbus who called the Taino "Indians", an identification that was grown to encompass all the indigenous Peoples of the Western Hemisphere. Of the Taino he stated , "In all the world there are no better people...". Columbus was also the first person to take Taino as slaves, and this action was the precursser to the trans-Atlantic slave trade of Africans.
There is debate as to how many Ta�no inhabited Hispaniola when Columbus landed in 1492. The Catholic priest and contemporary historian Bartolome de Las Casas wrote (1561) in his multivolume History of the Indies:
"There were 60,000 people living on this island [when I arrived in 1508], including the Indians; so that from 1494 to 1508, over three million people had perished from war, slavery and the mines. Who in future generations will believe this?"
It is thought by many historians today that Las Casas's figures for the pre-contact levels of the Taino population were an exaggeration and that a figure closer to one million is more likely. Taino population estimates range all over, from a few hundred thousand up to 8,000,000. They were not immune to European diseases, notably smallpox, but many of them were worked to death in the mines and fields, put to death in harsh put-downs of revolts or committed suicide to escape their cruel new masters. Some academics have suggested that the numbers the population had shrunk to 60,000 and by 1531 to 3000 in Hispanola.
On Columbus' 2nd voyage he began to require tribute from the Ta�no in Hispanola. Each adult over 14 years of age, was expected to deliver a certain quantity of gold. In the earlier days of the conquest, if this tribute was not observed, the Taino were either mutilated or executed. Later on, fearing a loss of labor forces, they were ordered to bring 25lbs of cotton. This also gave way to a service requirement called "encomienda". Under this system, Taino were required to work for a Spanish land owner for most of the year, which left little time to tend to their own commuity affairs.
The Revolt of 1511
In 1511, several caciques in Puerto Rico allied with the Caribs and tried to oust the Spaniards. The revolt was pacified by the forces of Governor Juan Ponce de Le�n.
Ta�no Heritage in Modern Times
The general scholarly opinion is that Ta�no culture, but not by any measure genetic lineage, became extinct in the 16th century, wiped out by genocide and introduced disease; however many people still identify as Ta�no, most notably among Puerto Ricans, both on the island and US mainland. Those who claim to be Taino people have been increasingly active in asserting the call for the recognition of their human rights on a local, national and international level throughout the Caribbean and the U.S., and particularly for their treatment as a recognized tribe. Over recent years a number of contemporary Taino organizations, such as The United Confederation of Ta�no People [2] (http://www.uctp.org/) and The Jatibonic� Taino Tribal Nation of Boriken (Puerto Rico) [3] (http://www.taino-tribe.org), have been established to put forth these claims.
List of Ta�nos
Agueybana - "supreme cacique" in Puerto Rico
Agueybana II - "Agueybana's brother
Arasibo - cacique
Caguax - cacique
Hatuey - cacique
Hayuya - cacique
Jumacao - cacique
Lucayan - Arawak tribe that inhabited the Bahamas
Orocobix - cacique of the Jatibonicu Taino
United Confederation of Taino People http://www.uctp.org/
The Jatibonic� Taino Tribal Band of New Jersey (http://www.hartford-hwp.com/Taino/jatibonuco.html) (A Tribal Government Affairs website)
The Jatibonic� Taino Tribal Nation of Boriken (http://www.taino-tribe.org/index.html) (Puerto Rico Tribal Government website)
DeRLAS. Some important research contributions of Genetics to the study of Population History and Anthropology in Puerto Rico (http://www.udel.edu/LASP/Vol1-2MartinezC.html). Newark, Delaware: Delaware Review of Latin American Studies. August 15, 2000.
Categories: Native American tribes | History of Puerto Rico | Indigenous peoples of the Caribbean
Taíno - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (3321 words)
Taino as all languages has/had ambiguities, local variant usages, and different transliterations into Spanish to some Guanín (Taino) was also a name for gold.
They were not immune to European diseases, notably smallpox, but many of them were worked to death in the mines and fields, put to death in harsh put-downs of revolts or committed suicide to escape their cruel new masters.
Under this system, Taino were required to work for a Spanish land owner for most of the year, which left little time to tend to their own commuity affairs.
Taino - definition of Taino in Encyclopedia (1794 words)
Taino Indians had been noted in Puerto Rico's island census of 1771 and 1778.
The general scholarly opinion is that Taíno culture, along with their genetic lineage, became extinct in the 16th century, wiped out by genocide and introduced disease; however many people still identify as Taíno, most notably among Puerto Ricans, both on the island and US mainland.
Those who claim to be Taino people have been increasingly active in asserting the call for the recognition of their human rights on a local, national and international level throughout the Caribbean and the U.S., and particularly for their treatment as a recognized tribe.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Anger management — Rage 2 preview
By Bryan Lawver
When Bethesda first revealed that Rage 2 was on the way, it took a lot of folks by surprise. For one thing, the original Rage isn't exactly fondly remembered. To be honest, I'm probably more of a fan of Rage than most people. Sure, the story was bland, there were rampant technical issues, the missions all felt the same, the driving was lackluster — OK, maybe fan isn't the right word. But it was packed with interesting weapons and the combat just felt right, as befits a developer like id.
More than the surprise of another Rage, it was the sequel's look that really caught people off guard. The first Rage adhered strictly to the law of 2010s shooter design that 80% of every game had to be brown. Our first looks at Rage 2 seemed specifically designed to counter that perception. Blues and pinks had been smuggled into the wasteland in everything from candy-colored explosions to mood lighting. Combat looked snappier and sillier, and the whole tone seemed to say that the end of the world was no excuse not to party hard.
With Rage 2 still a few months away, we recently got the chance to play a few missions and explore the open world a bit. The demo left me with quite a few questions about how the game will hold together in the end, but it did make one thing abundantly clear: It's a hell of a lot of fun to play.
As id Software's studio director, Tim Willits, made clear, everything we played is still pre-beta, so keep in mind that anything I touch on here is subject to change. Our demo also started about a quarter of the way into the main campaign, so I can't comment on the game's opening moments, though Willits did confirm that players can choose their character's gender at the start.
The action in the demo kicked off in the town of Wellspring. That name will be familiar if you've played the original Rage, but the town itself is unrecognizable. What was once little more than a few shacks scattered around in the dust has grown into the closest you can get to a metropolis in the post-apocalypse. Our first task was to meet with Loosum Hagar, a minor character from the first game who has become the mayor of Wellspring in the intervening 30 years. This meeting was incredibly poorly timed, though, as bandits assaulted city hall as we made our entrance.
Unsurprisingly for the studio that basically invented the first-person shooter, Rage 2's gunplay is already on point. I started with a loadout about as basic as you can get: pistol, assault rifle, and shotgun. Ignoring the pistol for this fight (and the entirety of the demo, and every FPS since Halo), I opened fire with the assault rifle until I was close enough to start popping heads with the shotgun. They both felt exactly how you'd expect them to with a slight twist: In Rage 2, most weapons have an alternate fire mode in place of a zoom. While holding the left trigger or right mouse button with the assault rifle simply brings up an iron sight for aiming, doing so with the shotgun turns your shots into concussive waves that launch enemies backward.
Later in the demo, I got to play with a rocket launcher, a rail gun, and a quick-firing plasma rifle, which all felt satisfying but standard. I also got my hands on one of the game's wackier weapons: the grav dart. Shooting enemies with this gun embeds projectiles into them that don't have any immediate effect, but when you activate its secondary fire, anyone who's been hit is yanked in the direction you're aiming. It's very reminiscent of Just Cause's grappling hook, with even more freedom to pull enemies around, since you don't even need to tether them to another object. It lets you pull off some great tricks like slamming enemies into explosive barrels or gathering them into a dog pile for a devastating grenade toss. It also pairs well with what Willits said is a key tenet of id's design philosophy: always giving the player the right weapon for the fight they're in.
In id games, he said, "you're a good guy. It's a power fantasy. You always win."
After dispatching the bandits without too much trouble, I went upstairs to meet Mayor Hagar. She wears the hardships of growing up in the wasteland and watching over a town full of violent miscreants on her face, and I immediately took a shine to her no-nonsense attitude — despite the fact that your introduction to her is a gun pointed in your direction. Though I liked the character, I was bored stiff by the reams of dialogue she spouted to set up my next mission, in which (without spoiling anything) I'd have to go meet a man named Klegg Clayton. Before he'd agree to meet me, though, I'd have to win a round of the arena deathmatch Mutant Bash TV and a derby race — both of which are returning from the first game.
A lot of Rage 2's combat revolves around positioning — both getting yourself into a good spot on the map and pushing your enemies where you want them. In the Mutant Bash TV mini-game, there were plenty of opportunities to toss enemies into spikes and other environmental hazards, but even just knocking enemies around the space gives you a lot of control over how you fight. Weapons like the grav dart and the shotgun's alternate fire are useful here, but your nanotrite powers also do their share of heavy lifting. In the first game, nanotrites — tiny molecular machines injected into the blood — were used to bring you back to life when you fell in combat and were otherwise a plot element. In Rage 2, they've evolved.
Since the demo started a ways into the game, I already had a few powers to supplement my arsenal. I got the most use out of Shatter, a burst of force projected from you character's palm. Like a beefier version of the shotgun's alternate fire, it sends anything in melee range flying. A well-placed shot will launch whatever it hits like a golf ball with enough force to splatter enemies against walls. Another helpful ability, Vortex, draws nearby enemies and items toward a central point, then sends it all flying skyward. It's great as an aggressive escape hatch when you've taken on too many foes at once and need to get them out of your hair for a moment. You can also ride its upward current yourself, setting you up for probably the most fun ability of the bunch, Slam. Using Slam makes you leap up and dive back down, damaging and throwing nearby enemies into the air. The best part about this ability is that the higher up you are when you execute it, the more powerful it will be. If you start from a high enough vantage point, you'll come crashing down like a meteor, wreaking havoc on whatever is unlucky enough to be near the point of impact. The most restrained nanotrite ability is Barrier, which does exactly what it sounds like, popping a shimmering wall into existence a few feet in front of you. It's certainly not as flashy as the rest of your kit, but you'll be glad to have it when a rocket's flying at your face, and it gives you a lot of control over the battlefield by cutting off angles of attack.
If the demo is any indication, combat in Rage 2 shines when you start combining all its moving parts. Using Barrier to cut off long-range attacks, blasting enemies off ledges with your shotgun when they get close, then diving down to finish them off with Smash feels great. With the sheer number of ways you can send foes flying, you can also live out your secret, shameful desire to be a juggler, keeping hordes of enemies aloft by chaining abilities and attacks together. And that's not even mentioning the secondary items you can pick up, which include grenades, auto-turrets, and wingsticks — a kind of deadly three-pronged boomerang carried over from the first game. Given that the original Rage also featured things like deployable walking turrets and ammo that let you remote-control enemies, I wouldn't be surprised to see some more inventive tools added later.
Even in the demo's most chaotic moments, I didn't see any signs of slowdown or any technical hiccups. Our demo was running on PC, where the framerate is uncapped. On PS4 Pro and Xbox One X, it will run at 60 fps, and on the standard PS4 and Xbox One, it will run at 30 fps.
I wish I had time to try out more complex combat scenarios in the demo, because that's where the game works best at this point. The missions that I played also involved some driving, which felt a little rougher. For a game where you'll presumably spend a lot of time driving through the desert, the vehicles in the demo were surprisingly poor at handling rugged terrain. The assortment of cars that I got to use felt great on the open highway that ran through the world, but as soon as I went off-roading, things slowed to a crawl as I got caught on rocks big and small and trudged at a snail's pace up hills. To be fair, I only got to take a handful of smaller cars for a spin; the retail version of Rage 2 will feature monster trucks and likely other vehicles that can better deal with desert driving. One that we didn't get to play with but got a tantalizing look at was a gyrocopter that lets you take to the air and bypass the craggy landscape entirely.
The weakest part of the demo for me was the racing segment I had to win to progress. Like its predecessor, Rage 2 looks like it will have a racing circuit built in, letting you climb the ranks to earn rewards. The course that I got to try was a fun but fairly generic-feeling loop over uneven ground, and I got stuck quite a few times from nudging rocks and then needing to go through a long process of wedging myself off of an obstacles that it looked like I should be able to drive over. Thanks to the aggressive rubberbanding of other racers, losing about 20 seconds freeing myself from the clutches of a small pile of rubble didn't prevent me from winning the race, though. If you can avoid these snags, the cars actually control pretty well, and they're fun to pilot through hairpin turns.
After coming out victorious in Mutant Bash TV and the derby race, I returned to Klegg Clayton. He's introduced with a voiceover telling you that he's a shallow fool who'll do anything to win people's loyalty and affection, and then proceeds to act entirely according to that description. It's a quirk that Rage 2 seems to have in the few NPC encounters I experienced, where it tells you how to feel about a character, then immediately shows you why you should feel that way. Klegg is a caricature who feels ripped out of a Grand Theft Auto game, a mogul with completely unfounded political aspirations who hangs out in a dance club on the ground floor of a building with his name on the side of it. Despite being obsessed with his image, he's almost perfectly round and has the least convincing blond pompadour you've ever seen. He also seems to fancy himself a shrewd negotiator, though by the look of things, he has no idea what he's doing and he's at the mercy of far more clever people.
Like Loosum, he also goes on at length, even taking a seat on his couch to more comfortably spout expository dialogue. It makes me a little apprehensive about how Rage 2's story will play out, as the demo mostly spools out its plot by grinding the action to a halt for info dumps and broad comedy bits. It felt completely at odds with the rest of the demo, which all abides by what Willits said was one of the game's defining assets — its over-the-top character. Surely there's a more over-the-top way of advancing the plot than a chat on the sofa.
After my meeting with Klegg, I got into another action set piece in a series of underground corridors. Though the combat still felt excellent, it did mark the third time in the demo that I was forced into confined spaces to do battle with a shooting gallery of baddies. The hallways were so nondescript that I got turned around in the middle of a gunfight, and the repeating pattern made me wonder how long the game's (again, phenomenal) combat will stay interesting if there's not more diversity to the levels and situations you find yourself in.
"One of the great things about working in this post-apocalyptic world," Willits said, "is anything goes." It's clear that the team took this idea to heart when designing weapons, abilities, and enemies. Hopefully, it'll also play out in level design and story, too.
With the main missions out of the way, I mostly committed to driving around and stirring up trouble in the open world for the rest of my demo. Though I got a glimpse of the game's forest biome, I didn't see enough to really get a feel for it, spending the vast majority of my time in the desert. When you're driving in the open world, you'll often come across enemies on foot and in vehicles, and you'll sometimes find convoys of souped-up cars guarding gargantuan land barges. I took on a few of these in the demo only to be swatted down like a gnat. In the final version of the game, you'll be able to upgrade your main vehicle's weapons, which ought to give you more of a fighting chance. Only your primary vehicle (called the Phoenix) can be upgraded, but any cars you commandeer along the way can be brought to a garage, which allows you to transport them to other garages you find when you need them.
Along with roving gangs, you'll discover enemy strongholds covering the map so densely that when a staffer turned on all the location icons for the last leg of my demo, I could barely see the terrain anymore. They're part of what gives Rage 2 what Willits called a "high distraction factor." The most important of these distractions are the Arks: locked bunkers containing upgrades that you'll have to blast through hordes of tough enemies to reach. Aside from those, outposts range from crumbling gas stations with a few stragglers living in the ruins to power facilities teeming with well-armed guards. Taking on these camps is a fun way to pass the time, and Willits confirmed that they're all essentially self-contained levels, with no story or quests tying them together. The team specifically wanted to avoid a structure where players would have to clear a region's outposts to progress. That doesn't mean that busting up bandit camps is pointless, though.
Aside from the loot you'll pick up around these sites, they'll also contain challenges that can earn you street cred with the game's various NPCs. Goals — like blowing up structures, finding hidden items, and performing tricky maneuvers in combat and in vehicles — are scattered around Rage 2's world, and completing them will grant you points that you can cash in to buy upgrades for your character. Every challenge is also tied to a specific NPC, boosting your reputation with that character to grant you access to higher tier upgrades. Each of the upgrade paths is massive, with multiple branching trees to choose from. Only a handful of the upgrades were even viewable in the demo, but there was an exciting diversity to the bonuses they offered. Some did obvious things like boosting stats, but more interesting options included adding homing capabilities to your wingsticks, letting you spawn vehicles to your location, and giving you the ability to bat away airborne grenades with melee attacks. One tree lets you unlock a defibrillator, a tool from the first game that brings you back from the dead and damages nearby enemies in the process.
Taking down outposts felt very similar to destroying enemy infrastructure in Just Cause. Beyond just bringing aspects of their other games into Rage 2, Willits said that id needed Avalanche's open world experience and focus on improvisational gameplay to really bring the game together.
"Sometimes when I talk with the team, we review a mission, and I say, 'We need more Avalanche,'" Willits said, meaning adding more elements to the environment that players could find clever ways to interact with. From what I saw, this partnership looks like it will bring out the best in both developers, though I worry that Rage 2's open world may come to feel like an unwelcome distraction from id's tight shooting after enough time with the game.
Near the end of our preview session, Willits also revealed some details about DLC. There are plans for both paid and free content post-release, though it's not quite clear what shape it will take. According to Willits, the game's architecture allows them to insert new content more easily than in most games, and the team is waiting to see how players respond to the game so they can focus their energy on what fans want more of after its May 14th release.
Related Articles: Rage 2


ShoutOUT!: 2nd Southeast Asian Film Financing (SAFF) Project Market - Project submission closes 5 Sep!
The Southeast Asian Film Financing (SAFF) Project Market is back for the second year this year, jointly-launched by ScreenSingapore, in partnership with the Southeast Asian Audio-Visual Association (SAAVA).
It aims to match promising feature-length projects with a global network of media financiers, distributors, and collaborators who can bring these projects to fruition.
Due to its previous edition's success, which saw an overwhelming 148 entries, SAFF Project Market 2016 will feature up to 15 projects, from 10 in its inaugural year.
It will be held at Marina Bay Sands Singapore from 7-9 December 2016 which includes a financing conference and the prestigious Ties That Bind (TTB) cross-cultural Europe/Asia co-producing workshop.
•Fiction/ Documentary/ Animation prohects with a minimum length of 70 minutes.
•Applicant can be the project's Writer, Director, or Producer.
•Lead (Majority) Producers from Southeast Asian nationality.
•Director and/or Writer from Southeast Asian nationality.
•Overall thematic thrust of the Project (involving Southeast Asian lead characters or involving uniquely Southeast Asian issues etc.).
•Projects must have already have either a Director or Producer attached at the point of application.
•Project submitted may not be in a late stage of production at the time of application, and must yet be fully financed.
Lao Art Media Co. Ltd.


Decreasing the price of my items during operation "Lower prices"
Increasing the price of my items after operation "Lower prices"
Every year, Vestiaire Collective participates in seasonal sales events called "Price Drop ".
During these events, buyers can decrease their prices by 30%, 25% or 20%. Articles on sale will be grouped in a separate section during the entire sales period.


text:
Mind-Body Medicine, Webinar
Only Connect: A Free CMBM Self-Care Webinar
Transform painful, health-diminishing loneliness into the life-affirming, health-promoting aloneness.
Click here to watch Dr. Gordon's Facebook Live question and answer session following the webinar.
The Coronavirus pandemic has brought – and will bring – significant disability and death to every country in the world. Understandably, government and private efforts have been directed at protecting populations against infection, and enhancing and developing facilities to provide medical care for those who have been infected. There is, however, a third dimension to the pandemic: the general health, resistance, and resilience of the people who are at risk. It is this third dimension that The Center for Mind-Body Medicine is working actively to address on an individual-, community-, and population-wide scale.
For now, as part of The Center for Mind-Body Medicine's commitment to being of immediate service to our greater community, we are presenting a series of free online workshops that you can access, view, and learn from anywhere in the world. We're calling it, "Meeting the Coronavirus Challenge: Tools to Heal Mind, Body, Spirit, and Community."
We see this as an essential service; it is an initial way we can help you navigate this trauma-heavy time with self-care techniques that balance your physiology and psychology, serve as antidotes to the fight-or-flight and stress responses, enhance your immunity, and lighten the emotional load that all of us now carry. What we share with you will also enhance your capacity to connect with others- even in this time of enforced social distancing.
The sixth free webinar in our series, "Only Connect", will be led by CMBM Founder and Executive Director James S. Gordon, MD.
Social support – other people – is a universally acknowledged, essential part of trauma healing, and of a health promoting response to the coronavirus pandemic. This webinar will explore a variety of ways to transform painful, health-diminishing loneliness into the life-affirming, health-promoting aloneness that makes it so much easier to make healing connections with other people.
We'll do some experiments to help you discover the possibilities and realize the potential. Once again, it'll be good if you can bring some paper and a pen to write down what you discover.
The webinar is approximately 70 minutes in length, and can be viewed anytime between 8AM ET and 2PM ET on Friday, May 8. All registrants will receive an email with a link to the workshop before it opens at 8 AM EDT (UTC-4). At 3 PM EDT, Dr. Gordon will be hosting a live question and answer session on Facebook Live on the Center for Mind-Body Medicine's Facebook Page.
Our New Self-Care Resources
The Transformation Self-care Resources are now available to help you effectively navigate the challenges of the Coronavirus pandemic. In these videos, made possible by the Scheidel Foundation, Dr. Gordon and members of the CMBM team provide practical, clearly explained, evidence based ways to best care for yourself and those you love: to reduce your stress, energize and relax your bodies, and mobilize your imagination. Click here to learn more.
Join us for an Online Mind-Body Skills Group
In these Mind- Body Skills Groups, which CMBM has been offering for more than 25 years, you will learn evidence-based skills of self-awareness, self-care, and self-expression that will enable you to create a comprehensive, individualized program that will help you be balanced and resilient as you meet the challenge that the Coronavirus pandemic brings.
The groups are grounded in self-reflection. Sharing with others in a structured and intimate group format affords a unique space to acknowledge, honor, and express the various aspects of your experience as you learn the skills. We find that sharing and connecting with others creates a wonderful learning and growth environment that supports individual and collective well-being.
Our groups are small, with 8-10 people and meet on a set day and time for 8 sessions (usually weekly), with each group lasting 2-hours. This format provides an opportunity to begin to integrate the mind-body skills into your life, in a real and practical way, with the support of the group to help you work through any difficulties along the way.
The groups are led by our experienced facilitators. All have been trained by CMBM's leadership and have successfully completed the Center's certification program.
You can register for an Online Mind-Body Skills Group here.
The Transformation: Discovering Wholeness and Healing After Trauma
By James S. Gordon, MD
The Coronavirus pandemic has brought – and will bring – significant disability and death to every country in the world. Understandably, government and private efforts have been directed at protecting populations against infection, and enhancing and developing facilities to provide medical care for those who have been infected. There is, however, a third dimension to the pandemic: the general health, resistance, and resilience of the people who are at risk. The Transformation: Discovering Wholeness and Healing After Trauma (HarperOne) is the handbook for addressing this third dimension on an individual-, community-, and population-wide scale. It is the first comprehensive, evidence-based, step-by-step program for reversing the biological and psychological damage of the trauma that accompanies living in the time of the Coronavirus pandemic, and for discovering and growing through the psychological, physical, and emotional challenges of the Coronavirus.
In The Transformation, you'll learn:
How meditation can be used to balance your physiology and psychology, to quiet the immune-inhibiting fight or flight and stress responses, and to decrease your anxiety and enhance your mood.
How you can use guided imagery to maximize the effectiveness of your immune response as well as to help you make wise decisions about the challenges that confront you.
How exercise and active expressive meditations can be used to lift your mood, decrease your anxiety, and lighten the emotional load that burdens many of us during this time of viral pandemic.
How the trauma-healing diet– food, vitamins, herbs and other supplements- can be used to repair the trauma damaged gastrointestinal system, decrease your level of stress and vulnerability to inflammation, and maximize your immune response.
How you can more easily reach out to others and create emotionally supportive, health promoting, healing connections- even during this time of enforced social distancing.
Praise for The Transformation
"The Transformation is firmly grounded in science as well as in Dr. James Gordon's 50 years of clinical experience. Bright with teaching stories and warm with compassion, it provides a step-by-step guide to healing life's inevitable traumas and becoming who we're meant to be."
Andrew Weil, MD, Professor of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Arizona
"This book and its message of hope and healing – have arrived right on time. Both personally and globally, we are all going through the death of an old way of being which has included the deadly effects of intergenerational trauma. Whether this trauma is the result of racism, sexism, ageism, addiction, war, or violence, Dr. Gordon takes us right into the very heart of our power to be whole and transformed regardless of our past. Whoever you are, wherever you are, may you find solace, solutions, and peace within these pages."
Christiane Northrup, MD, New York Times Bestselling author of Women's Bodies, Women's Wisdom
This book could give you back your life in unimaginable ways… It will also inspire you to say "yes" to the seemingly inconceivable and impossible, and bring it to life.
Jon Kabat-Zinn, PhD, Founder of Mind-Body Stress Reduction
If you have a question about this event, please visit our Contact page.


Hard to find one like this in Margate! All new flooring in living area and bedrooms, soaring ceilings in great room and first floor master suite, front deck, kitchen with new granite countertops. Wonderful rental option for a single family home in Margate! Don't miss this opportunity! Pool privileges available. Owner will consider pets.


Lisa Abraham: How would you describe Akron food?
I recently was asked by folks who put together the magazine for British Airways Executive Club members if I could describe the food scene in Akron in 50 words.
It seems the airline wants to give a description of the local fare in some smaller U.S. cities for their customers who may find themselves traveling there.
I have been thinking about the request and I have to admit, it�s a tough one.
I can barely say good morning in just 50 words, and most of you who read this column with regularity will know that I like to go on and on (and sometimes, on) about Akron-area foods.
I could give a list: hamburgers, sauerkraut balls, lard-fried chicken, jojos, frozen custard, decadent brownies, craft beer, white French dressing and Lawson�s chip dip. But not only would it be too few words, it wouldn�t do justice to the wide variety of foods the city has to offer.
This isn�t the first time I�ve had this dilemma. Folks routinely ask me what my favorite places to eat are, and I routinely answer that it depends on what I�m hungry for.
I can tell you where to get a good pizza, but it will vary depending on what side of town you�re on and what kind of crust you like.
Head to Barberton, and everyone will give you a different answer about where to get the best fried chicken. But aren�t Belgrade Gardens, White House Chicken, Hopocan Gardens and Milich�s Village Inn (in Norton) really just an embarrassment of riches?
Narrowing our food down to a small description does a disservice to its diversity.
Eventually, I will find the right combination of 50 words to answer the question. I won�t be able to tell the executive club members of British Airways everything we�ve got, but hopefully they�ll get the idea.
It would be easier if I was limited to just one word.


YOLO, CALIFORNIA (January 29, 2019) – Two people identified as Ambe Hernandez and Gary Lee Vroman were seriously injured in a car accident when they were rear-ended by another vehicle on the Interstate 5 Freeway.
The 1997 Nissan that Ambe Hernandez and Gary Lee Vroman were in was traveling in the slow lane of the freeway due to a flat tire. A 2018 Nissan that was behind them was unable to slow down in time and rear-ended their vehicle.
Both victims were taken to the UC Davis Medical Center in order to receive treatment. An investigation remains ongoing at this point .
Every driver should be maintaining a safe distance with the vehicle ahead of them. According to the California DMV Handbook, "Scanning your surroundings (keeping your eyes moving) includes keeping a safe distance around your vehicle. When another driver makes a mistake, you need time to react. Give yourself this reaction time by keeping enough space on all sides of your vehicle. This space will give you room to brake or maneuver if necessary." In most circumstances, there is a presumption of negligence when one driver rear-ends another vehicle.
Rear-end collisions almost always occur when one driver is following a vehicle too closely, distracted or speeding. Even if the vehicle in front of you stops abruptly you should have sufficient space to brake or maneuver. Victim's of rear-end collisions can suffer from a variety of injuries including spinal injuries and traumatic brain injuries. Those who are injured in car accidents are able to seek financial compensation through a bodily injury claim. A car accident attorney can investigate your case free of charge and let you know what your options are.
We at West Coast Trial Lawyers extend our thoughts and prayers to Ambe Hernandez and Gary Lee Vroman as they continue to recover from this accident. Any witnesses that may have seen what happened should speak with police officials. There needs to be a thorough investigation for the sake of all of those that have been affected.
If your or someone that you love has been injured in a rear-end collision you may be entitled to financial compensation. Our team of highly experienced personal injury attorneys are here to help in any way that we can. We can investigate your claim free of charge and take steps to help make sure that your rights are being protected. Whether you just have questions about your rights or are seeking legal counsel for your particular situation we are here for you. You can reach out to us anytime at (888) 888-9285.


New Hope's Ackland mine site has had its environmental credentials formally recognised with the Queensland Government certifying 349 hectares of progressively rehabilitated mined land at its New Acland coal mine operations on the Darling Downs.
Managing Director Shane Stephan says the certification is recognition of New Hope's ongoing commitment to the environment and the long-term sustainability of its operations across regional Queensland.
He says the progressive rehabilitation work at New Acland mine's utilises methods that go above and beyond what the environmental regulator requires and are setting some of the highest environmental standards in the world.


Join ContinuitySA for the 5-day Complete Continuity Practitioner programme. This comprehensive programme is designed to include all aspects of Business Continuity Management (BCM) required by managers and business continuity practitioners responsible for the implementation, management and maintenance of an effective business continuity management programme.
The focus of this course is to ensure that the delegates are able to understand the theory behind BCM implementation and the practical application thereof.


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Valkmusa Nationalpark (, ) er en nationalpark i Kymmenedal-regionen i Finland . Den blev etableret i 1996 og har et areal på 17 km².

Nationalparken består af sumpområder, en naturtype der der er rigt repræsenteret i det sydlige Finland. Mere end 30 forskellige sumptyper er registreret i området.

Parken har et varieret fugleliv. Karakteristiske arter for den sydlige fuglefauna, men der forekommer også nordlige arter, såsom dalrype og pileværling. Parken er et vigtigt rasteområde for trækfugle. Der er mange dagsommerfuglearter i området, heraf flere truede arter. Parkens symbolart er mose-løvmåler (Idaea muricata).

Kilder og henvisninger

 Outdoors.fi - Valkmusa National Park

Nationalparker i Finland
Kotka
IUCN Kategori II

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


MyClin's software aims to facilitate communication between all the moving parts of a clinical trial. With its online platform, those running clinical trials can share documents, conduct surveys and store important information. And the bootstrapped company has gained some traction: it has half a dozen clients, said founder James Denmark, and its software has been used in two dozen clinical trials.
Visit MyClin's new office at its Jan. 25 open house.
Denmark, 42, spent more than two decades working in clinical trial services industry before he founded MyClin in 2008. He lives in Bucks County but said he opened up shop in Philly because of Indy Hall.
"I […] brought the company into Philly against the advice of my accountant to gain access to the vibrant community I found at Indy Hall," he wrote in an email.
Read more about MyClin on MedCityNews here.


text:
Q: Parse Role creation error When I execute the following code, I encounter the below error.
parse JavaScript version :1.9.2
"TypeError: role must be a ParseRole or a String
    at e.value (https://unpkg.com/parse@1.10.0/dist/parse.min.js:13:26051)
    at ensureRoles (saceqihafu.js:48:14)
    at saceqihafu.js:70:1
    at https://static.jsbin.com/js/prod/runner-4.0.4.min.js:1:13850
    at https://static.jsbin.com/js/prod/runner-4.0.4.min.js:1:10792"

function ensureRoles() {
      console.log('Start')

     //create admin role
      var msgACL = new Parse.ACL();
      msgACL.setPublicReadAccess(false);
      msgACL.setPublicWriteAccess(false);
      var msgRole = new Parse.Role("merchant", msgACL);
      //msgRole.save().then(function(e) { console.log("msgRole role saved")}, function(err){console.log(err); });

      //create user role
      var developerRoleACL = new Parse.ACL();
      developerRoleACL.setPublicReadAccess(false);
      developerRoleACL.setPublicWriteAccess(false);
      var developerRole = new Parse.Role("developer", developerRoleACL);
      //developerRole.save().then(function(e) { console.log("developer role saved")}, function(err){console.log(err); });

      var SysAnalystACL = new Parse.ACL();
      SysAnalystACL.setPublicReadAccess(false);
      SysAnalystACL.setPublicWriteAccess(false);
      var SysAnalystRole = new Parse.Role("SysAnalyst", SysAnalystACL);
      //SysAnalystRole.save().then(function(e) { console.log("SysAnalyst role saved")}, function(err){console.log(err); });

      var memACL = new Parse.ACL();
      memACL.setPublicReadAccess(false);
      memACL.setPublicWriteAccess(false);
      memACL.setRoleWriteAccess(false);
      var memRole = new Parse.Role("member_merchant", memACL);
      //memRole.save().then(function(e) { console.log("memRole role saved")}, function(err){console.log(err); });

     console.log("saved")
     return Parse.Promise.when(
                          msgRole.save(null,{useMasterKey:true}),
                          developerRole.save(null,{useMasterKey:true}),
                          SysAnalystRole.save(null,{useMasterKey:true}),
                          memRole.save(null,{useMasterKey:true})
      );

}

function Donefunction() {
    console.log('Done 1')
}

ensureRoles()
    .then(Donefunction)

If I comment the following line,
//memRole.save(null,{useMasterKey:true})
The code executes successfully.
Else I get the above error. Not sure whats going wrong. Is underscore _ not allowed in parse roles?

A: Ok, figured out the issue.
Line#  memACL.setRoleWriteAccess(false);
Should specify the role name and it will work correctly.
memACL.setRoleWriteAccess("testRole",false);

the error description was poor.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
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Moses and Akhenaten
The Secret History of Egypt at the Time of the Exodus
By Ahmed Osman
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A reinterpretation of biblical and Egyptian history that shows Moses and the Pharaoh Akhenaten to be one and the same.
• Provides dramatic evidence from both archaeological and documentary sources.
• A radical challenge to long-established beliefs on the origin of Semitic religion.
During his reign, the Pharaoh Akhenaten was able to abolish the complex pantheon of the ancient Egyptian religion and replace it with a single god, the Aten, who had no image or form. Seizing on the striking similarities between the religious vision of this "heretic" pharaoh and the teachings of Moses, Sigmund Freud was the first to argue that Moses was in fact an Egyptian. Now Ahmed Osman, using recent archaeological discoveries and historical documents, contends that Akhenaten and Moses were one and the same man.
In a stunning retelling of the Exodus story, Osman details the events of Moses/Akhenaten's life: how he was brought up by Israelite relatives, ruled Egypt for seventeen years, angered many of his subjects by replacing the traditional Egyptian pantheon with worship of the Aten, and was forced to abdicate the throne. Retreating to the Sinai with his Egyptian and Israelite supporters, he died out of the sight of his followers, presumably at the hands of Seti I, after an unsuccessful attempt to regain his throne.
Osman reveals the Egyptian components in the monotheism preached by Moses as well as his use of Egyptian royal ritual and Egyptian religious expression. He shows that even the Ten Commandments betray the direct influence of Spell 125 in the Egyptian Book of the Dead. Moses and Akhenaten provides a radical challenge to long-standing beliefs concerning the origin of Semitic religion and the puzzle of Akhenaten's deviation from ancient Egyptian tradition. In fact, if Osman's contentions are correct, many major Old Testament figures would be of Egyptian origin.
WAS MOSES A KING?
Apart from a rather muddled chronology at the start of the Book of Exodus, the story of Moses it tells is quite straightforward. However, the picture changes when we examine other holy books and the work of Manetho, the third century BC native Egyptian historian, which was subsequently transmitted by the Jewish historian, Flavius Josephus.
While we know from the Old Testament that Moses was brought up in the royal palace, it does not suggest that he ever succeeded to the throne. Yet the story of Moses in the Talmud-the compilation of Hebrew laws and legends, dating from the early centuries AD and regarded as second only to the Old Testament as an authoritative source of the early history of the Jews-contains some details not to be found in the Bible and often parallels Manetho's account of the Exodus, derived from Egyptian folklore. One of the details is that Moses was a king.
According to the Talmud, which agrees that Moses was brought up in Pharaoh's palace, he grew into a handsome lad, dressed royally, was honoured by the people and seemed in all things of royal lineage. However, at about the age of eighteen he was forced to flee from Egypt after, on a visit to Goshen, he came across an Egyptian smiting one of his Israelite brethren and slew him.
The Talmud goes on to relate that, at about this time, there was a rebellion against the King of Ethiopia. The king appointed a magician's son named Bi'lam-one of Pharaoh's advisers, who was considered exceptionally wise but had fled to Ethiopia from his own country, Egypt-to be his representative in his absence and marched at the head of a large army, which vanquished the rebels. Bi'lam betrayed his trust, however, and, usurping the power he was supposed to protect, induced the Ethiopians to appoint him in place of their absent king. He strengthened the walls of the capital, built huge fortresses and dug ditches and pits between the city and the nearby river. On his return the Ethiopian king was astonished to see all these fortifications, which he thought were defences against a possible attack by an enemy. When he found that the gates of the city were actually closed against him, he embarked on a war against the usurper, Bi'lam, that lasted nine years.
One of the soldiers who fought on the side of the king, according to the Talmud story, was Moses, who, after fleeing from Egypt, had made his way not to Midian in Sinai, as the Old Testament says, but to Ethiopia. He became a great favourite with the Ethiopian ruler and his companions with the result that, when the king died, this inner circle appointed Moses as their new king and leader. Moses, who, according to the Talmud, was made king `in the hundred and fifty-seventh year after Israel went down into Egypt', inspired the army with his courage and the city eventually fell to him. The account goes on: `... Bi'lam escaped and fled back to Egypt, becoming one of the magicians mentioned in the Scriptures. And the Ethiopians placed Moses upon their throne and set the crown of State upon his head, and they gave him the widow of their king for a wife.'
Moses reigned `in justice and righteousness. But the Queen of Ethiopia, Adonith [Aten-it in Egyptian], who wished her own son by the dead king to rule, said to the people: "Why should this stranger continue to rule over you?" The people, however, would not vex Moses, whom they loved, by such a proposition; but Moses resigned voluntarily the power which they had given him and departed from their land. And the people of Ethiopia made him many rich presents, and dismissed him with great honours.'1
So, according to this tradition, which has survived in the Talmud, Moses was elevated to the post of king for some time before eventually seeking the sanctuary of Sinai. Furthermore, where Akhenaten, as we shall see, looked upon himself as the high priest of his God, the Talmud tells us that `Moses officiated as the high priest. He was also considered the King of Israel during the sojourn in the desert.' Where did the rabbis obtain the facts in the Talmud? They can hardly have invented them and, indeed, had no reason to do so. Like the accounts of the historian Manetho, the Talmudic stories contain many distortions and accretions arising from the fact that they were transmitted orally for a long time before finally being set down in writing. Yet one can sense that behind the myths there must have lain genuine historical events that had been suppressed from the official accounts of both Egypt and Israel, but had survived in the memories of the generations.
Ahmed Osman
Ahmed Osman was born in Cairo in 1934 and is the author of The Hebrew Pharaohs of Egypt, Moses and Akhenaten, and Jesus in the House of the Pharaohs. He lives in England.
Publisher: Bear & Company (October 1, 2002)
History > Ancient > Egypt
Body, Mind & Spirit > Mythical Civilizations
Body, Mind & Spirit > New Thought
"The classic work which redefines the timeframe of the Exodus and places it firmly in the age of Akhenaten and Tutankhamun. Essential reading for all Bible historians."
– Andrew Collins, author of From the Ashes of Angels and Gateway to Atlantis
"His study makes for an interesting alternative perspective."
– Nexus, March/April 2003
Book Cover Image (jpg): Moses and Akhenaten
Trade Paperback 9781591430049
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text:
Biografia
Si sposò due volte, la prima con Piero Gualterotti, dal quale ebbe una figlia di nome Maria, che andò sposa a Filippo Salviati. Dopo la morte del primo marito, sposò nel 1533 Ottaviano de' Medici, patrizio di Firenze appartenente ad un ramo secondario della famiglia Medici.

La coppia ebbe come figlio il cardinale Alessandro de' Medici, che, dopo aver ricoperto importanti cariche come quella di Arcivescovo di Firenze, nel 1605 fu eletto papa scegliendo il nome di Leone XI; il suo pontificato durò appena 27 giorni, tanto da essere chiamato dai fiorentini il Papa Lampo.

Ascendenza

Bibliografia
Marcello Vannucci, Le donne di casa Medici, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 1999, ristampato nel 2006 ISBN 8854105260

Collegamenti esterni

Coniugi dei Medici
Francesca


APMEX, Inc., the nation's largest Precious Metals e-retailer, is pleased to offer one of the most exciting breakthroughs in Silver minting technology, put forth by the always-innovative Royal Canadian Mint.
The 1 oz Silver Maple Leaf was introduced in 1988 and saw immediate popularity with both collectors and investors for its .9999 fine Silver content and simple but elegant design of a single maple leaf. However, Silver Maple Leafs, similar to many Silver coins from around the world, were susceptible to developing white spots. These spots do not affect the coin's purity or composition, but they do impact the aesthetics.
In 2014, the Royal Canadian Mint set out to find the cause of, and potential solutions for, the occurrence of spotting. The mint considered every possible factor that could cause these unpredictable spots and even teamed up with a local university to use a variety of their laboratories and technological advances.
After years of research and testing, the mint discovered a solution. After successful integration into existing production and quality controls, the mint has announced this new MINTSHIELD™ Surface Protection to help reduce and potentially contain spotting.
Currently, MINTSHIELD™ Surface Protection is being applied to all 2018 Silver Maple Leafs. Shop the full selection of these new products at APMEX and take advantage of this breakthrough technology today.


Below are side-by-side PCjs machines running Borland Turbo Pascal 5.00 and Microsoft QuickPascal 1.00. Make your browser window nice and wide, and then sit back and be mesmerized.
We reveal who the winner is below the fold.
PCjs, obviously. This demo shows off several PCjs improvements, including an easier way to layout side-by-side machines, using new machine-left and machine-right classes.
There's also been some improvements to the autoType feature, making it easier to encode delays and specify special key sequences.
are automatically released after a non-modifier key has been injected.
Delays from 1/10 to 9/10 of a second, specified with $1 through $9, set the default delay between all subsequent keys, whereas delays of one second or more (eg, $10, $20, etc) set a one-time delay.
The above script automatically "inserts" the Microsoft Mouse 5.00 diskette into drive A:, loads the mouse driver, and then configures TopView for serial mouse support.


§ 255-4 Penalties for offenses.
§ 255-9 Restricted use areas.
§ 255-11 Penalties for offenses.
§ 255-13 Identification and registration with Chief of Police.
§ 255-14 Communication with state and federal government.
§ 255-16 Penalties for offenses.
§ 255-19 Duty of chief executive officer of City.
§ 255-22 Immunity from damages.
§ 255-23 Knowledge of contents.
§ 255-26 Schools, hospitals, courts and places of worship.
§ 255-27 Siren, whistles and gongs.
§ 255-28 Harboring of dogs.
§ 255-31 Streets or public places.
§ 255-35 Penalties for offenses.
§ 255-36 Findings; purpose and intent.
§ 255-38.1 Property owners' responsibilities.
§ 255-38.2 Distribution of information.
§ 255-39 Penalties for offenses.
§ 255-41 Public urination or defecation; penalties for offenses.
§ 255-43 Findings and intent.
§ 255-45 Remedies to abate public nuisances.
§ 255-46 Service of notice.
§ 255-47 Lack of knowledge no defense.
§ 255-48 Issuance of order.
§ 255-49 Enforcement of order.
§ 255-50 Judgement and action by Corporation Counsel.
§ 255-51 Closing not possession.
§ 255-52 Disobedience of order.
§ 255-53 Promulgation of rules and regulations.
§ 255-57 Findings and intent.
§ 255-61 Penalties for offenses.
§ 255-63 Findings; legislative intent.
§ 255-64 Removal and abandonment of shopping carts.
§ 255-65 Responsibilities of shopping cart owners within City.
§ 255-66 Penalties for offenses.
Handbills — See Ch. 217.
Vendors — See Ch. 363.


Developmental psychologist have been studying language development for many many years, and have come up with some basic stages which relate to most people. Generally, most psychologists agree that language begins with babbling, followed by holophrases (single words which indicate full sentences, e.g. "car" to mean "look at that shiny car!"), after which comes two-word sentences, then telegraphic sentences (short sentences without conjunctives or articles), and finally adult-like speech. This is a very simple breakdown of an extremely complex area, but that's the basic gist.
In order to understand language, scientists study huge numbers of children on multiple occasions across their development. The data gained from these studies is never a full-picture, however, because children cannot be studied continuously as they grow.
Known on Tumblr as JonJivan, he originally posted 3 graphs showing the exponential learning curve he identified in his son's speaking ability from 16 months old.
As you can see, JonJivan's son first uttered a tangible word just before he was 8 months old, but it wasn't until 16 months that he really got going. Scientists believe that the babbling stage is vital for language development. It is when children begin learning how to shape their mouths to form sounds. They have also been noted to mimic the rhythms and tones of adult speech, suggesting they are developing an understanding of sentence and intonation. Unfortunately, that horrible 'baby talk' adults revert to around babies is really helpful for encouraging babbling. It's called 'Motherese' and is particularly popular in America. Correlational studies between the UK and America suggest that American children have greater vocabularies in later childhood compared to British children due to an increased amount of motherese during infancy.
JonJivan also posted the graphs on Reddit, and has provided a little more explanation to some of the data.
I'm pleased to announce that JonJivan did attempt to approach this project in a scientific way, so YAY for accurate data!
Unfortunately there are limits to what one man can investigate. Although he'd like to look at word combinations at different ages, language itself is too complex.
The data was able to be tracked in real-time as he used Google Sheets, so could pull up the spreadsheet on his phone as soon as a new word was heard. Due to the success of this particular experiment, you'll be delighted to hear that he's not planning on stopping any time soon!
You can check out the entire thread at this link.
JonJivan – keep up the good work, it is fascinating!


We have reported several times on the negligent reporting by the Los Angeles Times on the Catholic Church abuse scandal. (See here, here, here, here, here, here, and here.) Last week, we reported on a glaring error about the scandal in an opinion article by Jason Berry.
Almost none of the problems have occurred since 1992 (10 years before the Boston Globe expose). In that year, the Catholic hierarchy itself strongly addressed the matter.
The level of proof has been pitifully low: not proof beyond reasonable doubt, not the preponderance of evidence, only a reasonable possibility of wrongdoing.
Those forced to pay the huge sums of money to the accusers have not been the perpetrators.


Get 10% off for your birthday!
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Every day is a day to celebrate when you're on holiday, so start planning your next adventure and have a very happy birthday!
10% off travel insurance offer: Purchase travel insurance via the quote box found on https://www.covermore.co.uk/birthday-social-discount using the Promo Code BDAYXSM to receive a 10% discount. The discount will be applied to the total cost of the Insurance Policy at time of quote. Cannot be used in conjunction with any other offer or be applied to existing policies.


A few weeks ago, social networks were set alight after audio of an altercation between DJ Euphonik and soccer star Itumeleng Khune was leaked.
Euphonik confronted Itu after Bonang alleged that he had rubbed her and tried to kiss her.
Since then, there have been media reports that not only was B lying, but also that Euphonik hit Itu outside Sway night club in Sandton.
The Juice has, however, confirmed with Sway management that there is video footage of the incident.
"There is CCTV footage that shows Itu following Bonang up the stairs. And he is holding her back," explains our insider.
The source also confirms that Euphonik is in possession of the evidence. "Euphonik requested that he be given a copy of the footage as evidence to protect his reputation. He came in and saved the footage onto a flash disk. He is the only person in possession of this footage now."
The insider confirms that while the footage simply shows Itu following Bonang and holding onto her back, they are aware of the altercation between the two. "We know there was an incident where Mr. Khune was harassing Bonang. We can also confirm that Euphonik did have words with Itumeleng about it, but at no point were any punches thrown. We were there to witness this incident, along with other witnesses."


CDM Smith is assessing the construction area and providing geotechnical consultancy, design review and supervision for one of Europe's landmark railways projects.
Established in 1850, the railway connection between Stuttgart and Ulm is no longer up to the demands placed upon it by the requirements of modern railway service. This section is part of the European high-speed railway route from Paris to Budapest via Strasbourg, Stuttgart, Munich, Vienna, and Bratislava. The Deutsche Bahn AG railway company, Baden-Württemberg state, regional traffic authority and Stuttgart city council, the German federal government and the European Union are currently implementing one of the most innovative and comprehensive railway projects in Europe, including 60 km of new permanent railway from Stuttgart to Ulm as well as the conversion of Stuttgart's main station from a terminus to an underground transit station. Named Stuttgart 21, the project has a total investment of around € 6 billion, and is currently one of the world's most demanding infrastructure projects.
A tunnel will connect the new underground transit station in the heart of Stuttgart to the airport and planned high-speed railway to Ulm with entry tunnels, some in open construction, as well as railway and road overpasses, trough structures, niches, new track and other engineering structures. The ring track underneath the city will substantially cut journey times for passengers. Construction work should be completed by the end of 2019.
The geotechnical and hydrogeological conditions of the Gipskeuper formation are exceptionally demanding as well as the location within Stuttgart's drinking water and medicinal spring protection zone.
Our clients commissioned us with building assessment and geotechnical consulting throughout the city of Stuttgart in six planned approval stages throughout the tendering and construction phases in the project. Additional services include participation in the determination and evaluation of constructive solutions, quality assurance of tenders, support for the awarding of contracts, preparation of subsoil and foundation reports as well as the preparation of geotechnical and hydrogeological risk and malfunction analysis. The services also include the client's geotechnical consulting regarding legally secured procedures as well as the the specialised site supervision and the assessment of the subsoil.
The construction management requirements for urban construction stages make this major project especially intriguing given the tight schedule and the highly complex regional geological and hydrogeological situation. We are using our experience in similar infrastructure projects together with our extensive knowledge of geotechnical project preparation in the semi-hard rocks of the region. With our specialist expertise we are making a valuable contribution to the success of this project.
The answer to complex geotechnical questions lies in proactive planning and detailed work.
Stuttgart 21 is a sign for environmentally friendly rail transport and intelligent urban development. It is great to be part of this project as a geotechnical expert.


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Welcome Home to this Beautiful, 4 level split, open concept home w/kitchen island, tablespace kitchen separate dining room, marble counter-top, SS appliances, gas range w/hood, Brazilian hardwood floors. Spa-like master bath with glass enclosed shower, dual vanities w/quartzite tops. Fenced yard, windows w/built in plantation shutters treatments. New HVAC and windows within past year. Fresh paint, carpet shrubs.
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text:
Q: I've Got This Response From The GCM Server {"success":1} But the Notification not Come to the Device I am trying to Notify the Device by the Push Notification
I Received this Response From THE GCM Server
{"multicast_id":8594338261894783737,"success":1,"failure":0,"canonical_ids":0,"results":[{"message_id":"0:1355822022916886%8ae6056ef9fd7ecd"}]}
But Still Not get the Notification
With Knowledge That --> "success":1
But I Think there is something Wrong Here --> "canonical_ids":0

This Is My Code ...
 private string SendGCMNotification(string apiKey, string postData, string postDataContentType = "application/json")
 {
     ServicePointManager.ServerCertificateValidationCallback += new RemoteCertificateValidationCallback(ValidateServerCertificate);

     //
     //  MESSAGE CONTENT
     byte[] byteArray = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(postData);

     //
     //  CREATE REQUEST
     HttpWebRequest Request = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create("https://android.googleapis.com/gcm/send");
     Request.Method = "POST";
     Request.KeepAlive = false;
     Request.ContentType = postDataContentType;
     Request.Headers.Add(HttpRequestHeader.Authorization, string.Format("key={0}",apiKey));
     Request.ContentLength = byteArray.Length;

     Stream dataStream = Request.GetRequestStream();
     dataStream.Write(byteArray, 0, byteArray.Length);
     dataStream.Close();

     try
     {
         WebResponse Response = Request.GetResponse();
         HttpStatusCode ResponseCode = ((HttpWebResponse)Response).StatusCode;
         if (ResponseCode.Equals(HttpStatusCode.Unauthorized) || ResponseCode.Equals(HttpStatusCode.Forbidden))
         {
          Label1.Text = "Unauthorized - need new token";

         }
         else if (!ResponseCode.Equals(HttpStatusCode.OK))
         {
             Label1.Text = "Response from web service isn't OK";
         }

         StreamReader Reader = new StreamReader(Response.GetResponseStream());
         string responseLine = Reader.ReadToEnd();
         Reader.Close();

         return responseLine;
     }
     catch (Exception e)
     {
         return "error";
     }
    // return "error";
 }

and i call this method using
     string deviceId = "APA91bHomX3zb6Y87fb4GAjyj8zIaI-tt1n6ZFmgtmu16nmLW7ntwnOyv4BXMH7RzQWk3JrKdLjttJMxKzvpFd3Kmrid_RzsC3zR46GLJGiZKERXOSIR8fYReBEfz1f0G_FIm5bPttWUBDwz9jPuF2lS8RQh-0DKbw";
     string message = "some test message";
     string tickerText = "example test GCM";
     string contentTitle = "content title GCM";
     string postData =
     "{ \"registration_ids\": [ \"" + deviceId + "\" ], " +
       "\"data\": {\"tickerText\":\"" + tickerText + "\", " +
                  "\"contentTitle\":\"" + contentTitle + "\", " +
                  "\"message\": \"" + message + "\"}}";

     Label1.Text = SendGCMNotification("AIzaSyBEvtrtbbfy2-p2zS8Zi8DweZiRy8M-nZc", postData);

Thanks In Advance

A: Take a look at the Response format in the GCM documentation: http://developer.android.com/google/gcm/gcm.html#response
success     Number of messages that were processed without an error.

What I understand that to mean is that GCM was able to process that message, it does not mean that the message was successfully sent to the device. (E.g. The device might be offline and will receive it later, but the message was successfully processed).
"canonical_ids":0 Does not mean that there was an error, it means that there were no devices that needed their ID's updated. You can read more about canonical ID's here: http://developer.android.com/google/gcm/adv.html#canonical

On the server side, as long as the application is behaving well,
  everything should work normally. However, if a bug in the application
  triggers multiple registrations for the same device, it can be hard to
  reconcile state and you might end up with duplicate messages.
GCM provides a facility called "canonical registration IDs" to easily
  recover from these situations. A canonical registration ID is defined
  to be the ID of the last registration requested by your application.
  This is the ID that the server should use when sending messages to the
  device.
If later on you try to send a message using a different registration
  ID, GCM will process the request as usual, but it will include the
  canonical registration ID in the registration_id field of the
  response. Make sure to replace the registration ID stored in your
  server with this canonical ID, as eventually the ID you're using will
  stop working.

I would suggest adding some logging code to your client, to make sure that you are not receiving the message. Specifically in your GCMIntentService classes onMessage() method.


WinForms Developers appear to be either fewer in numbers these days, or all in long term contracts and simply have no need to speak to recruiters. Or at least that's how it seems not just to me, but also my client. They're looking for a Software Developer to join their team and help drive a business critical project to completion.
As if the challenge of finding someone with strong WinForms skills in a world of Web Developers isn't enough of a challenge, they also want you to have commercial experience of working with Oracle PL/SQL.
Now, I know it's a busy market but there must be someone out there in need of a few months work on a really interesting project in the financial service sector. So if you're nearing the end of your current assignment in the next 4 to 6 weeks then please get in contact and we can discuss this role in more detail.
*	You'll also have strong analysis skills for gathering technical specifications etc.
If this is the sort of juicy role you think you'd like to get your teeth into then please forward your latest CV together with detail of your required day rate and availability. Please note that this assignment will require you to work on site in the Edinburgh office Monday to Friday.